text:
\section{Introduction}
     \label{S-Introduction}

Recent developments in the study of flare acoustic emissions \citep{donea05,donea06,moradi07,Martinez-Oliveros2006} have bolstered the view that seismic emission from flares offers major new insights both into flare physics and helioseismology, ranging from a greatly improved understanding of flare dynamics and kinematics, to an understanding how seismic emission is generated differently by turbulence in magnetic subphotospheres from inside the quite Sun.

Sunquakes emanate from compact sources that take only a small fraction of the energy released by flares. The surface manifestation of these sources appears as circular (or near-circular) waves propagating outward from the solar surface, approximately 20\,--\,60 minutes after the impulsive phase of the flare. \citet{donea05} considered the possibility that relatively weak flares might be able to produce sunquakes and that acoustically active flares may indeed be more common than previously thought. This was confirmed soon after by \citet{betal2006} following comprehensive helioseismic observations of flares using helioseismic holography and the data from Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) onboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO).

While the majority of the flare acoustic transients discovered to date have been released by the more energetic X-class flares, recently however, a number of strong acoustic emissions from M-class flares have been discovered. \citet{donea06} analyzed the helioseismic properties of the strong seismic transient produced by the M9.5 class flare of 9 September 2001, and very recently,  \citet{Martinez-Oliveros2006} performed a comprehensive electromagnetic and acoustic analysis of the M7.4-class flare of 14 August 2004 -- the smallest flare known to have produced a detectable acoustic transient prior to the discovery of the sunquake reported in this paper. Their findings, along with those of \citet{donea05} and \citet{moradi07}, have identified a number of distinct observational characteristics that distinguish acoustically active flares from others:

\begin{enumerate}
\item The sites of seismic emission generally coincide spatially with impulsive hard X-ray (HXR) and microwave (MW) emissions, suggesting a relation to thick-target heating of the chromosphere by energetic particles.
\item The sites of seismic emission similarly coincide spatially with impulsive continuum emission, suggesting acoustic emission associated with extra heating and ionization of the low photosphere.
\item The seismicity of the active region appears to be closely related to the heights of the coronal magnetic loops that conduct high-energy particles.
\end{enumerate}

In this paper, we will examine the last of the above characteristics -- introduced by \citet{Martinez-Oliveros2006} -- in greater detail, with further evidence from the flare of 10 March 2001. The evidence we will provide reinforces the theory that shorter coronal loops are more likely to be conducive to a more rapid injection of trapped, high-energy electrons into the chromosphere at their footpoints. This enhances the magnitude and suddenness of the chromospheric heating that gives a rise to the intense visible continuum emission seen in all acoustically active flares. This mechanism appears to be a prospective source of the energy required to drive a powerful acoustic transient into the solar interior.

\section{The Helioseismic Signatures}

The helioseismic analysis relies on raw data from SOHO/MDI. The data consist of full-disc Doppler, magnetogram, and continuum images in the photospheric line Ni\,{\sc i}~6768~\AA, obtained at a cadence of one minute. The Dopplergrams were corrected for small effects due to reduced oscillatory amplitudes in magnetic regions, following the method outlined in \citet{raj2006}. We utilize two different, but in our opinion, complementary helioseismic techniques to analyse the seismicity of the acoustic emission produced by the flare.

The first method employed was the time--distance technique described by \citet{kz1998}. We generate the time--distance plot over a selected range of azimuths from the primary HXR and magnetic--transient sources, in this case $+135^o$ to $+225^o$, in order to gauge the expanding signal from this region and compare this signal with a curve that represents the theoretical group travel time. The resulting signature, manifested as a ``ridge'' in the time-distance diagram, was significant, but as was expected, appeared to be quite weak (see Figure~\ref{td_plot}). This is more than likely a consequence of the relatively small energy released by the flare (class M6.7 in X-rays) that produced the sunquake.

The theoretical curve appears to match the observed ridge with a delay of approximately 5 minutes from the time of the flare maximum. A temporal delay of such nature was contemplated in \citet{zharkova2007}, in our case being of slightly longer duration. According to \citet{zharkova2007}, this delay is due to the time required for the electrons to move along the magnetic field lines and hit the upper photosphere or chromosphere. The velocity and acceleration of the expanding wave packet was also computed. The velocity of the wave-front was calculated to be between 5 and 9~Mm was $\approx 13~\mathrm{ km\,s^{-1}}$ and between 29 and 33~Mm, $\approx 66.67~\mathrm{ km\,s^{-1}}$. The mean acceleration of the wave-front was also estimated to be $\approx 3.35~\mathrm{ km\,s^{-2}}$.

\begin{figure}[ht]
\begin{tabular}{cc}
\includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{td_pc_11_March_fits_a.pdf}&
\includegraphics[width=0.45\columnwidth]{td_pc_11_March_fits_b.pdf}
\end{tabular}
\caption{Time\,--\,distance plot of the amplitude of the surface ridge averaged over curves of constant radius in the azimuth range $+135^o$ to $+225^o$ are rendered in gray in both frames. The white curve superimposed in the right frame represents the wave time travel for a standard model of the solar interior. The time represented as 0 along the vertical axis of the plot is 04:07~UT.}
\label{td_plot}
\end{figure}

The second method employed in our analysis was computational seismic holography, to image the acoustic source of the sunquake. This method has been used extensively in the analysis of acoustically active flares, with great success in identifying numerous seismic sources from solar flares \citep{donea99,donea05,donea06,moradi07,Martinez-Oliveros2006}. Helioseismic holography can be described as  essentially the phase-coherent reconstruction of acoustic waves observed at the solar surface into the solar interior to render stigmatic images of subsurface sources that have given rise to the surface disturbance. In general, the acoustic reconstruction can be done either forward or backward in time. When it is backward in time, we call the extrapolated field the``acoustic egression''. In the case of subjacent--vantage holography this represents waves emanating from surface focus downward into the solar interior that have subsequently refracted back to the surface in an annular pupil surrounding the source.  For the sake of brevity, we direct the reader to \citet{lb2000} for a more in-depth discussion of holographic techniques.

 \begin{figure}[!h]
 \begin{center}
 \includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{egression_snapshot.pdf}
 \caption{Egression and acoustic power snapshots of AR~9348 on 10 March 2001 integrated over 2.0\,--\,4.0~mHz and 5.0\,--\,7.0~mHz frequency bands and taken at the maximum of the correspondence frequency. Top frames show MDI magnetogram of the active region (right) at 04:05~UT and a visible continuum image at 04:08~UT(left). Second row shows egression power at 3~mHz (left) and 6~mHz at the respective maxima. The bottom row show acoustic power. Times are indicated above respective panels, with arrows inserted to indicate the location of the seismic source.}
 \label{snap_egre}
 \end{center}
 \end{figure}

To assess the seismic emission from the flare, we computed both the acoustic and egression power over the neighbourhood of the active region at one-minute intervals, mapping them for each minute of observation. It is important to distinguish between the ``egression'' power -- wherein each pixel is a coherent representation of acoustic waves that have emanated downward from the focus, deep beneath the solar surface, and re-emerged into a surrounding annular pupil, and the local ``acoustic'' power  -- wherein each pixel represents local surface motion as viewed from directly above the photosphere.

The resulting acoustic and egression power movies and ``snapshots'' (acoustic/ egression power sampled over the solar surface at any definite time) are computed over 2 mHz bands, centred at 3 and 6 mHz. The higher frequency band has a number of advantages because it avoids the much greater ambient noise of the quiet Sun that predominates the 2\,--\,4 mHz frequency band and due to a shorter wavelength, it also provides us with the images that have a finer diffraction limit.

Acoustic and egression power snapshots at the maximum of the flare are shown in Figure~\ref{snap_egre}. In these computations, the pupil was an annulus of radial range 15\,--\,45 Mm centred on the focus. To improve the statistics, the original egression power snapshots are smeared by convolution with a Gaussian with a 1/$\mathrm e$-half-width of 3 Mm. The egression power images and the continuum image are also normalized to unity at respective mean quiet-Sun values.  The acoustic signature of the flare -- consisting of a bright compact source -- is clearly visible at 6 mHz in the both acoustic and egression power snapshots at 04:05~UT (indicated by the arrows in  Figure~\ref{snap_egre}). At 3 mHz the egression and local acoustic power snapshots show a less conspicuous signature than at 6 mHz due to a much greater background acoustic power at 3 mHz.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{egression_time_series.pdf}
\caption{The 3- and 6-mHz egression and acoustic power time series, integrated over the neighbourhood of the egression power signatures. The vertical lines represent the beginning (04:00~UT), maximum (04:05~UT), and end (04:07~UT) times of the GOES X-ray flare.}
\label{egression}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The temporal profiles of the seismic source, seen in the acoustic/egression time-series in Figure~\ref{egression} correspond closely with other compact manifestations of the flare including significant white-light (WL) emission with a sudden, impulsive onset as discussed by \citet{lietal2005} and \citet{uddinetal2004}.
The spatial and temporal features of the seismic source observed also coincides closely with the HXR signature reported by \citet{lietal2005}, indicating that high-energy particles accelerated above the chromosphere contribute to the generation of the seismic source. We will discuss their observations in more detail in the next section.

\section{Multi-Wavelength Analysis}
\label{multi}

The multi-wavelength properties of the extremely impulsive WLF of 10 March 2001, have previously been studied in detail by a number of authors \citep{liuetal2001, ding03, uddinetal2004,lietal2005};  all emphasizing the impulsiveness of the flare and the strong spatial and temporal coincidence of the hard HXR emission with the enhanced continuum emission.

The observations of \citet{uddinetal2004} showed that the flare embodied a very hard spectrum in HXR, a type II radio burst, and a coronal mass ejection. GOES SXR observations classified it as a M6.7 class, beginning at 04:00~UT, reaching its maximum at 04:05~UT, and ending at 04:07~UT.  A very important characteristic of the flare of 10 March 2001 is its duration, which was approximately seven minutes, indicating that the physical processes associated with the flare also had a very short duration. \citet{uddinetal2004} made a detailed study of this flare at different wavelengths and determined that all three main phases of the flare could be observed clearly in different temporal profiles in HXR at different energy bands (Figure~\ref{flujos}).
The precursor phase was observed to occur at 04:03~UT with a duration of 15 seconds, the impulsive phase between 05:03:15 and 04:03:40~UT, and the gradual phase after 04:03:40~UT. Also, they calculated the column emission measure, the spectral index of the flare signal and the temporal variation of the temperature. They found that the emission has a non-thermal component before 04:04~UT and thermal component after 04:05~UT. From the observed profiles, they concluded that a very fast acceleration of the electrons occurs during the impulsive phase.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{flujos_2001.pdf}
\caption{HXR and MW time profiles. The HXR fluxes were taken by {\it Yohkoh} at the L(14\,--\,23~keV), M1(23\,--\,33~keV), M2(33\,--\,53~keV), and H(53\,--\,93~keV) channels. The NoRP flux plotted correspond to the 17~GHz channel.}
\label{flujos}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\citet{uddinetal2004} also emphasized the spatial and temporal correlation of the HXR source and the continuum emission. They also commented on the uncommon change of magnetic flux they detected, concluding that it indicates that the WLF was triggered by a new emerging flux that induces a flux cancellation. As a result, they conclude that magnetic reconnection occurred in the upper atmosphere of the sunspot region; thereby high-energy electrons precipitate along magnetic field lines and deposit energy at the sunspot region, which produce the HXR and continuum enhancement.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.80\columnwidth]{overb.pdf}
\caption{HXR contours of the flare at 04:03:38~UT overlaid over a) MDI intensity continuum, b) MDI magnetogram, c) MDI magnetogram difference at the flare maximum, d) Doppler difference at the maximum, e) $\mathrm H\alpha$ and f) SOHO/EIT at 171~\AA. The background images all correspond to the same time (04:04:01.61~UT). The HXR contour levels are 20, 40, 60, 80, and 90\% of the maximum emission in the M2 (22-53~keV) channel. The MDI magnetogram neutral line (red line) is overlaid  in the frames a), b), c) and d). The blue and yellow circles in all frames represent the relative position of the main magnetic transients. The seismic source coincides spatially with the blue circle, where there is also the HXR emission.}
\label{mosaic2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The importance of this particular type of spatial and temporal correlation between the different types of multi-wavelength signatures described above, in the presence of a seismic source, was first identified and discussed in depth by \citet{Martinez-Oliveros2006}. They identified a significant temporal correlation between the fluxes at different frequencies and energy bands (for the M7.4 class flare of 14 August 2004) which were seen to be directly related to two electron populations - one trapped in the magnetic field, and another precipitating into the chromosphere. The highly impulsive character of this flare indicates that the trapped population of electrons in the magnetic field was injected into the chromosphere very fast. The electrons had no time to thermalize in the coronal loop, but were evacuated by rapid precipitation, therefore they did not produce a significant emission in MW. Indeed, this type of emission is absent in the MW profile reported by \citep{uddinetal2004}.
The radio emission does not show a long exponential decay, implying that high-energy electrons that are generally trapped for a significant amount of time in long coronal loops that extend to great heights, are evacuated by rapid precipitation in short, low-lying loops.

\citet{lietal2005} also observed the WL properties of the 10 March 2001 flare, detecting an infrared continuum enhancement of 4\,--\,6\% compared to pre-flare values. The study of the continuum images shows that the WL source is located over the magnetic neutral line and that the source is most likely composed of the two footpoints of the magnetic loop, which are too close together to be resolved by the RHESSI HXR observations. They also detected a HXR source near the sunspot. The authors also concluded from their observations that the temporal and spatial coincidence of the HXR emission with the continuum emission indicates that electron precipitation may have been the main energy source of the chromospheric heating, producing the excess continuum emission. Furthermore, they suggest that the electron-beam bombardment, coupled with radiative back-warming effects, plays the main role in the heating of the sunspot atmosphere. This is significant because all instances of seismic emissions to date have exhibited very similar WLF characteristics - characterized in particular by the sudden appearance of the WL signature during the impulsive phase of the acoustically active flare.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.95\columnwidth]{vm10032001.pdf}
\caption{Vector magnetogram of the active region taken by the Mitaka Observatory (NAOJ) at 00:10:16~UT. The sunquake region is pointed with an arrow.}
\label{vm}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The images in Figure~\ref{mosaic2} show a number of the multi-wavelength signatures emitted by the 10 March 2001 solar flare. Frames \ref{mosaic2}a and \ref{mosaic2}b show the position of the magnetic transients, represented by the yellow and green circles, over the MDI-intensity continuum and magnetogram respectively. The magnetic neutral line is over-plotted (red line) in all frames for reference. Figure~\ref{mosaic2}c shows the magnetic difference maps at the time of the maximum of the flare (04:04:01.61~UT). We can clearly see one transient coincides well with the region of HXR emission (denoted by the contours), lying across the magnetic neutral lines. In Figure~\ref{mosaic2}d we have plotted the Doppler differences for the same time. Here we can see two photospheric signatures (spatially coinciding with the magnetic transients) that can be associated with surface perturbations of the solar photosphere. We also note that observations by \citet{lietal2005} show that the WL signature is composed of two sources, both of them being well correlated (spatially) with the magnetic transients. One strong and extended source lies in the region of the HXR and seismic source; the second one appears to correlate well with the second magnetic transient.

\citet{uddinetal2004} extensively analyzed the temporal and spatial behavior of the solar flare.  The maximum time in both HXR and MW emission reported by them as well as by \citet{lietal2005} (who undertook a very similar analysis), coincides very well with the maximum of the seismic emission (following the already well known delay of approximately three -- four minutes \citep{moradi07}). \citet{uddinetal2004} also discuss the spatial correlation between the different sources, showing that all three forms of emissions (WL, HXR and MW) are located in the region of maximum magnetic shearing. \citet{chandra06}, in a similar work, reported the locations of two $\mathrm H\alpha$ kernels in the flaring region. One of these kernels is (spatially) well correlated with the HXR source (observed by {\it Yohkoh}) and the observed seismic source, suggesting the precipitation of electrons in the chromosphere. The second $\mathrm H\alpha$ kernel is however not correlated with any HXR source, possibly indicating proton precipitation in this region (see \citet{zg2004} for a discussion about the partial separation of electrons and protons into the loop legs).

\section{The Magnetic Field}

The magnetic field topology of the active region has also been studied by other authors \citep{uddinetal2004, lietal2005} and was correlated with other emissions produced by the flare. Using vector magnetograms from the Mitaka Solar Observatory (Figure~\ref{vm}), we can see that the shearing of the magnetic field lines is close to $\mathrm 80^{\mathrm o}$ at the location of the seismic source (see the white arrow) - which would imply that a vast amount of energy was stored in the magnetic field prior to the flare. The area where the shearing is significant is very small. The seismic source itself is proved to be of a small size of $\mathrm 19 \times 25$~Mm. The magnetic energy released by the flare is used to accelerate particles, heat the chromosphere, and also drive the coronal mass ejection \citep[see][]{uddinetal2004,lietal2005}, and produce the compact seismic source.

In order to verify the magnetic-field configuration of the active region (particularly in the corona), we computed the non-linear force free field (NLFFF) coronal magnetic field extrapolations of the active region using vector magnetograms from the Mitaka Solar Observatory. The resulting extrapolations (seen in Figure~\ref{extrapol}) clearly show high-altitude magnetic field lines connecting the two leading sunspots of the group, while between the leading and the following sunspots, only low-lying loops are visible (see arrow in Figure~\ref{extrapol}). A comparison between the extrapolations with SOHO/EIT images at 171\AA~ (Figure~\ref{mosaic2}f) and Figure~\ref{extrapol}) shows that our derived coronal magnetic-field extrapolations are in agreement with the observed magnetic field. Because of the close proximity of the sunspot to the solar limb and other observational constraints, it is not entirely possible to fully reconstruct the complete configuration of the magnetic field (in the flaring region). But nonetheless, we can qualitatively infer the overall structure of the coronal magnetic field from our estimates.

In a closely related work, \citet{chandra06} conducted a detailed study of the dynamics of 10 March 2001 flare. As mentioned previously, they identified two $\mathrm H\alpha$ kernels, with only one kernel (K1) found to be spatially correlated with the HXR emission (see Figure~\ref{mosaic2}e) and therefore with the seismic source. The second $\mathrm H\alpha$ kernel, labelled K2, has an elongated structure. No HXR emission has been correlated with this source, we have also not detected any seismic source from this region despite the WL signature present at $\mathrm \approx$~04:04~UT.  These findings, along with observations of the flaring region made by the SXR telescope onboard {\it Yohkoh}, led the authors to propose a possible configuration of the magnetic field composed of two magnetic loops sharing one footpoint (``three-legged'' configuration), and associated with the single HXR source observed by {\it Yohkoh}. One of the loops appears to be connecting the shared footpoint with an opposite-polarity region associated by \citet{chandra06} with a secondary, stronger, yet distant MW source. The second loop is a low-lying loop connecting the shared footpoint with another located inside the region with a high degree of magnetic shearing. Furthermore, it is important to state that the two kernels observed by \citet{chandra06} spatially coincide remarkably well with the magnetic transients observed in Figure~\ref{mosaic2}e), with only one of them also being well correlated with the HXR emission and the Doppler signature.

\begin{figure}[!h]
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=0.75\columnwidth]{extrapol.pdf}
\caption{NLFFF magnetic field extrapolation. The arrow shows the low-lying magnetic field region associated with the seismic emission.}
\label{extrapol}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

The existence of a relationship between the height of the coronal magnetic loops and the seismicity of active regions has previously been proposed in \citet{Martinez-Oliveros2006}. The idea behind this assertion was that electrons in short, low-altitude magnetic loops precipitate more effectively than long, high-altitude loops because of enhanced scattering by thermal electrons ablated from the chromosphere.
Electrons whose pitch angles
are greater than the loss-cone threshold, are trapped in the corona until they are scattered into the loss cone. Eventually, these electrons precipitate into the chromosphere and, depending on their energy, into the photosphere, transferring efficiently energy and momentum to the system. This scattering rate is greatly increased when the population of thermal electrons in the loop is large. This generally depends on the ablation of chromospheric gas into the corona by the fraction of electrons that were initially injected into the loss cone.  The volume of a short, low-lying loop is much smaller than that of a long high-altitude loop.  The electron density that results from a given mass of the chromosphere having been ablated is thus inversely proportional to this volume. Hence, given these understandings, we propose that short, low-lying loops become efficient scattering environments promptly greatly expediting precipitation on time scales conducive to seismic emission.

The collapse or relaxation of a high-altitude loop into a low-altitude one due to reconnection can greatly expand the loss cone, which would then enhance the precipitation distribution if pitch angles were left unchanged \citep{aschwanden2004}.
As we understand it, such a collapse facilitates electrons, initially trapped in the coronal magnetic field, to precipitate into the chromosphere and photosphere.
Observation in $\mathrm{H\alpha}$ \citep{uddinetal2004} of this flare, show the evolution of the filaments in the flaring region, changing from a potential configuration to a sigmoidal structure due of the high shearing of the magnetic field, with a post-flare relaxation of the magnetic field lines also observed in $\mathrm{H\alpha}$. This suggests that the above scenario of electron injection could very well take place, making the electron precipitation process much more efficient.

\section{Discussions}

The standard flare scenario divides the flare process into a number of phases. In this scenario, the flare particles are accelerated to relativistic or super-relativistic velocities in the corona and injected into magnetic field loops whose footpoints are in active-region chromospheres. Inevitably, some particles are going to be trapped in the coronal magnetic field, while others, those in the magnetic loss cone, will precipitate directly into the chromosphere. Eventually the majority of the trapped particles are either scattered into the loss cone and precipitated, or thermalized (or both) by thermal plasma in the magnetic loop. In the case of the very sudden and impulsive flare of 10 March 2001, the hypothesis is that acceleration and injection of particles into the magnetic loop occurred in a short period of time \citep{uddinetal2004}.

This kind of phenomenon can be described using the trapping and injection model proposed by \citet{aschwanden2004}. In this model the rate of precipitation of charged particles into the chromosphere is controlled by the relaxation time of the system. The aperture angle of the loss cone changes with time, significantly opening as the magnetic field collapses to a more potential configuration. It is important to note that in this model, the time of acceleration and injection of the particles into the magnetic field are almost the same and relatively short compared with the precipitation and trapping time. It is fair to assume that if the relaxation time is short, the aperture of the loss cone also will change rapidly, allowing more particles to reach the chromosphere in a short period of time. This depends on efficient scattering of high-energy electrons into the expanded loss cone, which is greatly enhanced by chromospheric ablation of thermal plasma into short, low-lying loops.  Rapid evacuation of trapped electrons is suggested by observations of a rapid decay in non-thermal MW emission.  As a general rule, thermalization of particles in a magnetic trap is small compared to losses due to precipitation. Hence, high-energy electrons evacuated from the coronal loop in this way contribute to HXR bremsstrahlung emission substantially as well as their counterparts that were initially injected into the loss cone.

A much more complex model of particle precipitation, in which processes such as non-thermal excitation and ionization of hydrogen atoms, and non-thermal plasma heating (coulomb and ohmic) is explored by \citet{ah1986}, \citet{zk1993}, and \citet{zharkova2007}. Interestingly, the later show the ohmic heating of the corona by the electron beams is so effective that the corresponding particle-induced downward propagating shocks are almost depleted of energy, leaving very little energy to reach the photosphere and induce any kind of seismic activity. Perhaps this is the explanation for why we did not see any seismic sources at the location of the $\mathrm H\alpha$ K2 kernel in Figure~\ref{egression}. However, we also want emphasize here the possibility that photospheric heating also contributes to flare acoustic emission.

As the whole flaring process occurred relatively rapidly (and given the highly-impulsive properties of the 10 March 2001 flare, it is not unreasonable to assume so), the solar chromosphere was heated quite suddenly. As we have already seen, the multi-wavelength emissions of the flare indicate this; furthermore the strong spatial and temporal correspondence between the different types of emissions point to radiative back-warming playing a significant role in the heating mechanism. This conclusion was in fact drawn by both \citet{lietal2005} and \citet{ding03} to explain the origin of the continuum feature of the 10 March 2001 flare in terms of an ``electron-beam-heated flare model'', with chromospheric radiative back-warming suspected being the chief heating agent, originating in the temperature-minimum region.

The above conclusions, when viewed in conjunction with those of \citet{donea05}, \citet{donea06}, \citet{moradi07}, and \citet{Martinez-Oliveros2006}, provide direct evidence of flare acoustic emission being driven, in part, by heating of the low photosphere. The basic principle here is that the chromospheric radiation further heats up the photosphere, with the result being of an optically-thick $\mathrm H^{-}$ bound-free absorption, which then introduces a pressure transient directly to the underlying medium. The photospheric heating hypothesis is well supported by our observations and previous ones -- which all indicate that instances of flare seismic emission have been characterized by a close spatial correspondence between the seismic emission and sudden WL emission during the impulsive phase of the flare. Radiative fluxes characteristic of WL emission seen in all acoustically active flares, if emitted downward from the chromosphere (as well as upward), are probably sufficient to heat the photosphere a few percent within a few seconds of the onset of the incoming radiative flux. This process, described by \citet{machado1989}, is called ``back-warming''.

According to rough models described by \citet{donea06} and \citet{moradi07}, such heating (if applied suddenly) should cause a pressure transient in the heated layer that drives a seismic transient whose energy flux is of the order of those estimated for acoustically active flares. The energy invested into the seismic transient is in proportion to
\begin{equation}
\varepsilon \sim (\frac{\Delta I_c}{I_c})^2
\end{equation}
a fraction of order $\Delta I_c/I_c$ times the radiative energy suddenly emitted by the flare. We therefore expect acoustic emission due to photospheric heating to be inefficient in flares whose WL signatures are weak, diffuse, or not very sudden, and this is consistent with examples we have encountered to date.

In conclusion, it must be stated that to date, no one, single mechanism can fully explain the mechanics of flare acoustics and their observational signatures - because to do so would be a gross over-simplification of the problem. What these results have shown is that the study of flare mechanics, as well as helioseismology, would greatly benefit from the development of detailed models of solar flare-induced seismic emission -- from the corona, down to the photosphere, including modeling of realistic active region subphotospheres. Credible models would need to include realistic subphotospheric thermal anomalies to represent penumbral and perhaps umbral subphotospheres, and realistic photospheric magnetic fields extrapolated to depths of a few hundred kilometers beneath the photosphere. The later should also include an account for the highly inclined magnetic fields that characterize sunspot penumbra -- where a significant majority of the seismic emissions observed to date have been detected.

\thanks{The authors would like to sincerely thank Profs. Paul Cally, Markus Aschwanden, Valentina Zharkova, Drs. Charlie Lindsey and Wahab Uddin, and Diana Besliu-Ionescu for their helpful and interesting comments which contributed directly to the development and/or improvement of this article.}

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text:
Hipposideros fuliginosus — є одним з видів кажанів родини Hipposideridae.

Поширення
Країни поширення: Камерун, Демократична Республіка Конго, Кот-д'Івуар, Габон, Гана, Гвінея, Ліберія, Нігерія, Сьєрра-Леоне, Уганда. Зустрічається від рівня моря до 500 м. Цей вид пов'язаний з первинними тропічними низинними вологими лісами. Не схоже, щоб був присутнім у деградованих лісах. Тварини були знайдені спочиваючими в дуплах дерев.

Загрози та охорона
Серйозну загрозу для цього виду становить збезлісення або деградація середовища проживання. Імовірно присутній в багатьох охоронних районах.

Посилання
 Mickleburgh, S., Hutson, A.M., Bergmans, W., Fahr, J. & Juste. J. 2008. Hipposideros fuliginosus

Hipposideridae
Ссавці Африки
Тварини, описані 1853

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Add crumbled sausage, and then cheese to the top of eggs.


text:
Eponaquest News — October 24, 2014
"Travel" Tips from Linda Kohanov
Ever since I began collaborating with horses as partners in life and work, I've been traveling outside my comfort zone in more ways than one—the month long trip to Europe earlier this fall being the most recent of many exciting and fulfilling examples. My four-legged teachers and companions not only motivate me to visit other cities, countries and continents, these naturally adventurous beings are also in the habit of launching expeditions through the much vaster reaches of consciousness itself. In this respect they're engaging a long-standing tradition among horses, that of fluidly carrying their human companions back and forth between the worlds. My own equine family, in fact, sometimes takes advantage of the strange effects of physical travel to jump-start other kinds of adventures.
After I returned from Europe, for instance, a part of me seemed to be hovering over the Atlantic for the first week or so. The most ambitious thing I could do was hang out with my herd. Most of us call this "jet lag," and while I was certainly quite useless when it came to business details, another part of me was energized as I was drawn back to earth through that expanded, peaceful, connected, multi-dimensional awareness that horses live in every day. I was inspired to undertake a very special project as a result.
For years, clients and fellow Eponaquest Instructors have been asking me to create a recorded version of a journey I've been leading since Riding between the Worlds first came out, a guided visualization called "Becoming the Horse." I'm pleased to say that this journey is now available as a download with music by my husband Steve Roach, who produced this evocative recording.
To download the journey, please visit my new Spoken Word site at
https://lindakohanov.bandcamp.com/album/becoming-the-horse
A bit of background on the entire idea: In myths from around the world, the horse is considered a powerful psychopomp and guide that helps heroes and artists fly to the stars, travel safely through mystical landscapes, and ultimately, bring the wisdom of the gods back to earth. Yet there's no question that these ancient tales are based in fact. Over the years, I've experienced how horses act as agents of inspiration and expanded awareness, not only in myself, but in the numerous clients who've interacted with my herd. At the same time, these powerful animals demand that we respect both the rules and the potential of embodied existence. Somehow, they effortlessly model a grounded spirituality, one that moves fluidly back and forth between a form of consciousness that anchors itself in concrete reality and a much more soulful, creative, transformational form of consciousness that can embrace the deeper mysteries of life.
In the traditional tribal cultures of Siberia (where the word "shaman" comes from), actually "becoming" a horse, through an altered state induced by drumming, is considered the premier shamanic act of a great healer or visionary. But you don't have to move to the frozen tundra and live in a tent to experience the benefits of this perspective. Exercising your imagination to "become the horse," has an uplifting, physically, mentally and emotionally invigorating effect on people from all walks of life, whether or not they would normally be interested in more formal shamanic studies. Why? I believe it's at least partly because your own body is essentially the horse that your mind rides around on. It is a sentient being, not a machine, and it holds tremendous wisdom when we give it free rein. At the same time, the horse is a non-predatory power animal, one that inspires us to access freedom through relationship—relationship to the herd, the earth, the spirit world, and the deeper potential of humanity.
In unleashing your imagination to "become the horse," you are awakening a part of your body, mind and spirit that can travel "between the worlds" more and more fluidly, ultimately bringing back wisdom that helps you thrive in this world with courage, grace, inspiration, and a soulful sense of freedom.
For over a decade, equine-facilitated workshops and indoor seminars designed to boost creativity and vision have been among the most popular events that I have the honor of leading. Workshops like Black Horse Wisdom and Harnessing the Invisible exercise that more fluid state of consciousness, teaching the logical, practical mind to loosen the reins and let the imagination run wild, without losing connection to a more grounded perspective.
Exercising the dual nature of consciousness was an insight that came to me directly from the horses, through the birth of my mare Rasa's twin foals. (See the excerpt from The Power of the Herd in the second part of this newsletter for an overview.) Creating a partnership between our own twin forms of consciousness—the spiritual and the practical—allows us to access deeply transformational, sometimes initially nonsensical insights that nonetheless glow with a palpable energy. You can actually train your logical mind to ride these soulful insights "back to earth," inviting the practical side of consciousness to translate sparks of the numinous into innovations that help people evolve and excel in "this" world.
The guided visualization of "Becoming the Horse" is the first step in these workshops. Many people have found that taking this journey several times (which was previously only possible by attending several Eponaquest workshops that offer this experience) leads to some profound, deeply moving insights as a more creative form of intelligence gains confidence and facility in traveling between the worlds. Now, with the Becoming the Horse recording, I invite you to take such journeys at home. Here are a few helpful hints:
Play the recorded journey, preferably through quality headphones or speakers, while relaxing in a quiet room where no one will disturb you. Some people prefer to lie down. Others like to sit in a comfortable chair. If you want to block out as much light as possible, you can place a scarf or soft hand towel over your eyes.
Don't worry about whether this is "just" your imagination or not. All truly innovative ideas that change lives and change the world start with imagination. Imagination is what motivated us to figure out how to fly to the moon, after all.
In fact, by all means, use your imagination. Your imagination will only lead you to a place that is meaningful for you. This particular guided visualization is not intended to be a formal shamanic initiation that involves calling in spirits. This is about exercising a more fluid, creative, wise, soulful part of your own consciousness.
Be open to how your creative intelligence is awakened: Some people do in fact see movies behind their eyes, as if they are dreaming while still awake. Others may actually fall asleep, and yet find that their dreams become more vivid and meaningful the next night. Other people, however, worry that their imagination has been so suppressed that "nothing" will happen. But exercising the imagination is like exercising a muscle. You can't read about getting stronger. You have to go to the gym and start lifting weights. Consider this journey a way of exercising that more fluid, soulful, innovative part of your consciousness.
If you don't "see" much of anything as the journey unfolds, your otherworldly "twin" may simply be more of a storyteller than a movie producer. You can awaken and exercise your creative intelligence non-visually by telling yourself a story, even if it feels like you are making some effort to do so. In this case, follow my voice, adding your own unique narration with your inner voice as a co-storyteller by adding more specific details to the imagery I'm offering along the way. Answer any questions I ask you with the first thing that comes to your mind. Some people even find that their creative twin is most fully activated by writing while they are listening to the journey. In this case, keep the room gently lit instead of dark. This allows you to journal, or at least take notes that you can flesh out later into a story.
Don't edit or second-guess yourself. Pay attention to the smallest details, whispered half-formed notions, or sometimes symbolic, fantastical, or even initially nonsensical material. Many people find that the colors and symbols they access through this process later become surprisingly meaningful. Some people have created evocative business logos as a result of a single image flashed during an otherwise uneventful journey. Others find that the boundaries between their imagination and a much vaster spiritual reality begin to blur, and they gain access to information about their personal or ancestral past, or see visions of future possibilities. Some people meet up with horses they know, or have known, and have meaningful exchanges that offer clarity on previously confusing situations.
The journey ends when the music fades to silence. Take a few moments to journal or draw what you experienced, even if it was a single flash of insight rather than a constant narrative or film-style vision. Writing down the simplest or most whimsical of notions is a sign of respect to the creative intelligence, which will then gain confidence in expressing itself over time.
If you have a strong logical inner critic that never thinks anything is good enough, your creative, otherworldly twin will shrink in response and atrophy, but it can be revived. In some people, the logical mind is so dominant that it needs some sort of reasonable motivation to let go of the reins. I recommend reading Guiding Principle 6 (pages 351-360) in my latest book The Power of the Herd. This chapter offers strategies for dealing with the inner critic, while giving the logical mind a framework for supporting another, more fluid form of consciousness. (I've included an excerpt from this chapter below regarding the twin nature of consciousness.)
Some people like to do this journey in groups and share their insights afterward. Others find that they feel freer to experiment when they engage this process alone. If you would like to share the details of your journey with me, please email the narrative or imagery to rasa@eponaquest.com And let me know if you would like me to keep this confidential or share it with others in an upcoming Eponaquest newsletter.
Again, you can download this journey at
If you choose the option to pay an additional amount over the basic price, this portion will go into a scholarship fund that will allow people in need to attend workshops and private sessions with the Eponaquest herd.
Excerpt from The Power of the Herd
The Twins painting by Kim McElroy depicts Spirit and his otherworldly brother.
Twins are not common in living horses, yet they play a significant role in horse mythology. From Greece to India to the Celtic lands, stories associated with the Divine Twins have a strong equine element. In most mythical texts, this is mentioned only in passing. Yet in 2002, the Year of the Black Horse in Chinese astrology, oddly enough, I was gripped by this archetype when my own mare Rasa gave birth to twins sired by Merlin, despite modern veterinary protocols to prevent it. (For an in-depth discussion of the events leading up to this pregnancy, see my 2003 book Riding between the Worlds.)
Born six to ten weeks early, the firstborn foal, who we named Spirit, weighed twenty pounds, a third the normal birth weight for an Arabian horse. His stillborn brother was significantly larger, but hadn't been able to survive the cramped space of Rasa's womb. The vet was doubtful the other foal would live through the night. The first hurdle involved siphoning his mother's milk into a bottle, and hoping he would drink. After a moment of fumbling, he grabbed hold of the nipple and sucked the fluid down like ambrosia. Then he let out a deep, delighted whinny.
As Spirit continued to grow and thrive, in part through the efforts of people who volunteered during the ten weeks he needed extra care, I decided to investigate the symbology of twins. I was surprised to find that in cultures around the world, male twins are closely associated with horses. Most often, one brother endures the death of the other, who then connects the survivor to the Otherworld. The myth of Castor and Pollux is a prime example. Castor was famous for training horses, Pollux for his skill in boxing. As close as two brothers can be, Pollux was inconsolable after his twin was slain in war, and begged Zeus to take his life in exchange. The Greek god instead granted Castor semi-immortality, directing him to spend half his days in the underworld, emerging every other day to visit heaven. Upon Pollux's death the two were reunited as the constellation Gemini.
In Thebes, Amphion and Zethus were abandoned at birth and raised by a shepherd. Hailed as great equestrians, they were called the "White Horses," "The Horsemen," or "Riders of White Horses," mirroring the equine associations of Castor and Pollux (who are collectively referred to as the Discouri, the "horseman gods"). In India, the Asvins were born to the goddess Saranyu. Twins who could take on human or horse form at will, they were also abandoned at birth, yet the brothers went on to create the healing arts. The Navajo creation epic features heroic male twins who bring horses to earth after defeating a group of carnivorous monsters. A number of Celtic and Eastern twin myths also have equestrian associations. Many feature a weaker twin who dies, continuing to influence his earthly brother in subtle yet powerful ways.
In his book The Soul's Code, psychologist James Hillman reflected on the mythological theme of sacrificing one of the twins to create balance between this world and the other.
In an internet discussion of an obscure scholarly paper, "Twin lights of consciousness, biology, microphysics and macropsychology," Howard Teich, Ph.D. took the symbology of twins to a much deeper level. According to the psychologist, writer and lecturer, who also weaves archetypal/mythological studies into his own leadership training program, the "twin nature of light as waves and particles" in quantum theory is reflected in these myths. He theorizes that the overwhelming tendency to depict the twins as two males, rather than as male and female, is an expression of the genetic chromosomal code. "Since females are already twinned at the chromosome level (XX), perhaps the symbolic archetypal image of twin males…is a mythological compensation for biology."
As I literally raised an equine twin, it took me months of research and reflection to integrate these concepts. Basically, the entire experience gave me yet another reason to acknowledge a vast coordinating intelligence that speaks to people through dreams, art and visions — and occasionally, through the physical manifestation of archetypal themes. Through Spirit and his stillborn brother Sanctus, the twin nature of consciousness engaged our attention in the most vivid way possible. We saw, for one brief moment, the two lying side by side. In naming the stillborn twin, in touching him — and in being touched emotionally by his brief, sad life — we forged a stronger bond with the numinous, archetypal realm of origins.
In quantum theory, the most basic building blocks of life have a dual nature, appearing as particles with a set location in time and space, and waves, invisible regions of influence that can flow through walls, resonate with physical matter, and yet not be limited by the laws that hold physical beings together. Through this strange, unusually public horse birth, a cross-cultural theme emerged from obscurity — and continued to expand.
If women already contain "the twins" genetically (as XX chromosomes), it alludes to why feminine wisdom is associated with intuition — ways of knowing not limited to physical and logical laws. The two male twins seemed to be an attempt to bridge the gap between the worlds in masculine consciousness. They manifested this time, not as horsemen, but as actual horses: non-predatory beings who, though domesticated, retain a vital connection to instinct and nature, while also being associated mythically with a strong sixth sense and the ability to carry riders between this world and the other. The fact that the stronger, larger twin was sacrificed emphasized, for me, the need for a stronger connection to the otherworld at a time when logic has become much more dominant than it was during the era of Greek myths.
Nearly a hundred volunteers, clients and Epona staff were drawn into horse consciousness through the act of caring for a foal as one of their own. This never would have happened if Spirit had been able to stand and nurse at birth. In this sense, Spirit also bridged the gap between horse and human, drawing nourishment and love from both species. In the wild, he never would have survived.
Yet perhaps even more interestingly, people who came to help Spirit felt a palpable sense of numinosity in the room. They left deeply moved, sometimes experiencing life changing responses to the unmistakable presence of a huge, open-hearted being in a tiny, fragile body. Spirit's ability to inspire others during his time of greatest physical weakness also underlined the paradoxical power of vulnerability during an era when technology insulates us from the elements and allows us to destroy our enemies with remarkable ease and efficiency.
Rasa's boy grew up, smaller than his mother and father, yet strong willed and unusually brave in situations that would unnerve the average horse. Teaching him to treat his caretakers, and eventually own mate Panther, respectfully was quite an ordeal for all of us as Spirit's unbridled enthusiasm and total lack of fear made it necessary for the humans in his life to boost their own courage, ingenuity, and solid boundary setting skills.
As Merlin's first surviving son sired his own daughter Artemis in 2008, I began using the metaphor of the worldly/otherworldly twins to help people access more creative forms of consciousness. Even the most skeptical leadership clients were inspired by Spirit's story. Those whose inner critics vehemently warned against "losing touch with reality" could accept the metaphor of accessing and exercising "the twin." The idea that consciousness, like light, might also have a dual particle and wave nature allowed their heavily defended, logical minds to entertain a more creative, whimsical "partner."
The benefits of engaging the mythic imagination were impressive. Innovators who had "hit the wall" accessed unexpected ideas scintillating with a vital energy that inspired others long after these initially metaphorical ideas were translated into practical applications. At the same time, personal challenges, relationship quandaries, even illnesses and accidents were also handled in imaginative, surprisingly effective ways.
Consciousness separated from spirit interprets daily existence as an empty progression of chance encounters and meaningless suffering. Learning to move fluidly between multiple states of being is difficult for the modern mind. While we need to exercise reason and problem solving skills, another essential yet long-ignored part of our psyche loves to improvise on timeless themes, creating new symbols, myths, and metaphors: road maps into the unknown.
Embracing the mythic dimension of life is like meeting a more adventurous twin, one that changes form at will, sprouts wings, flies to the stars, and brings a piece of magic back to earth, where its logical brother works hard to manifest some practical aspect of this glistening, otherworldly gem. Now, more than ever, we need both of these boys on our side. Exercising the twin nature of consciousness helps us maintain contact with reason while letting our imaginations run wild, leading to all kinds of creative impulses, half baked ideas, and whimsical discoveries that eventually, in some cases quite literally, blast us to the moon and safely bring us back home again.
Cultivating Understanding, Peace and Joy in Challenging Times
Happy Halloween from Spirit and the Eponaquest Herd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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R afael Soumis saw two different versions of his Chassell Panthers team on Saturday afternoon. One version ran the floor effectively, found the open man and finished their shots well despite heavy pressure. The other, less appealing version, did virtually the exact opposite, turning the ball over regularly while running through monotonous sets of offense that yielded few results.
Fortunately for the Panthers, the former prevailed against the latter, which resulted in Chassell holding off the Lake Linden-Hubbell Lakes 65-59 in a makeup game from Jan. 7.


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Home Lifestyle 'Here, I feel free': Mexico City celebrates role as haven for LGBTQ migrants
'Here, I feel free': Mexico City celebrates role as haven for LGBTQ migrants
on: June 30, 2019 In: Lifestyle
MEXICO CITY (Reuters) – Tens of thousands of people paraded through the streets of Mexico City on Saturday to celebrate the capital's growing role as a beacon of tolerance for migrants fleeing persecution for their gender and sexuality in Latin America.
Clowns on stilts and drag queens in stilettos towered over the crowd filling the city's Reforma boulevard for the 41st annual pride parade, while revelers pushed past policemen to join the throng of bright flags and gaudy outfits.
The first Latin American capital to legalize gay marriage a decade ago, Mexico City has become a bastion of progressive causes in a country whose border cities have been under increasing scrutiny for their treatment of vulnerable migrants.
"Here, I feel free compared to my own country, which is very repressive," said Daniela Morillo, 25, a lesbian in rainbow garb who left Venezuela to marry her partner.
Above her, a panoply of balloons hovered over the crowd, as peddlers offered cold drinks and…
Heat wave brings Germany new June high for 2nd time in days
NBA-Durant joins Nets, ending three seasons with Warriors
Neil Armstrong's Apollo 11 spacesuit unveiled at Smithsonian
Egypt opens museum commemorating Nobel laureate Naguib Mahfouz


Dr. Koduri has been practicing pediatric medicine for seven years. She completed her residency through the University at Buffalo, and, prior to moving to Laramie, practiced in Gillette and Cheyenne, Wyoming. As a mother of four young children, Dr. Koduri understands the busy lives of parents. She works to foster relationships with her patients and their families while providing comprehensive and convenient care.
I enjoy helping children every day to be healthy, happy and successful.


Aspect Foundation's inbox is flooded with notes of gratitude for all who participate in cultural youth exchange. Today, one of our former Japanese Aspect students, Yoriko, and her host sister, Sonja, from Wisconsin write in to share how their experiences with cultural exchange have lived on generationally.
Yoriko received a Christmas present from her American host mom in 1999 – a beautiful art set! Twenty years later back in Japan, Yoriko gave that same art set to her daughter this past Christmas.
"When my mother told me that we'd be inviting an exchange student from Japan to live with us for the school year, I was excited, but really had no idea how much I'd learn from her and the experience and how close we'd become. The exchange was during mine and Yoriko's senior year of High School, and although I'd thought that I already had the world figured out, the exchange experience was my first real up-close exposure to a culture other than my own.
Yoriko taught us about Japanese food, holidays and festivals, but what was most compelling was the way she conducted herself. She is always very kind and thoughtful, and what could be mistaken for timidness in Western culture is actually the politeness of Japanese etiquette and an incredible self-awareness. Yoriko's experience was completely immersive in a new and very different culture from her own. She is incredibly brave. I learned a lot from Yoriko, began calling her my sister after just a few weeks into our time together, and we still keep in touch through social media and even still mail physical letters to each other. There's not much that can top receiving a letter in the mail from your sister on the other side of the world and learning of how well she's doing and how happy she and her family are.
Photos from Yoriko's exchange year in her photo album: clockwise from top left is Yoriko with her host sister Sonja, her host family, and celebrating her 18th birthday!


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/ Articles / Review
What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art and Commerce review
By Nikki Tranter 28 May 2001
Associate Editor, Books
Goo-licious
A long time ago, in a nightclub far far away, I met a man who introduced himself to me as John. He and his band had just played a "killer" show I didn't see. I had stumbled in after midnight to wait for the bar girl to give me a ride home. I told my new, tattooed friend how I had never heard of his little band to which he said to me three words. Those words not only sobered me up dramatically, they forced me to go out the next day and buy as many Goo Goo Dolls albums as I could find, managing three. I can't go back in time and tell John Rzeznik just what his words meant to me, though oddly, I am sure he might already know. Aww.
What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art and Commerce is a collection of the Goo Goo Dolls' mostly unheard greatest hits. It's kinda like when Prince released his "B-Sides" collection only not. This is more a mixture of the songs you've missed, in reverse chronological order from the most recent Dizzy up the Girl to the Goo's self-titled debut.
As a retrospective, they don't come much better than this. While many classics have been omitted, the collection showcases the Goo's excessive lyrical ability and musical skill. They speak with an honesty and maturity rarely seen in garage music never losing their talent for shenanigans-based junk rock while all the while proving melody to be their forte. Each track is highly singable and infectiously danceable whether or not intended. And while for the fans, there really are no surprises, it's all a hell of a lot of goo-d fun.
Dizzy up the Girl
"Bulletproof" kicks off the album exactly as expected—with a garage guitar song fuelled by a strong melody and life-worn lyrics. Rzeznik's breathy voice echoes seriousness and sincerity while Robby Takac's backing vocals act like the devil on his shoulder.
"All Eyes on Me" retains the theme of dreams unchasable, while "Acoustic #3" speaks to a lost audience in a fresh recording complete with haunting, staccato strings. Where John's lyrics seem to edge towards an entire generation of disenchanted folks, Takac's seem to have a specific muse in mind. His brilliant "Amigone" livens up the first section of the disc with a strainingly efficient vocal sheltering a fast-paced rock-rant filled with clever words.
A Boy Named Goo
The Goo Goo Dolls have chosen to include five tracks from Boy and while all very worthy of their places here seem to highlight just what has been left out. Where's "Slave Girl"? I shouted. Where's "Long Way Down"? What, no "Eyes Wide Open"? My dreams of this album kicking the need for building the perfect Goo tape for the car had been dashed. However, chosen was the gorgeous "Naked", "Burning Up" (another ripping Robby vocal) and the anthemic "Flat Top".
John and Robby experiment with everything in their lyrics from a controlling government ("it's falling all around us / is this some kind of joke they're trying to pull on us") to blind faith ("a visionary coward says that anger can be power") to self-deprecation ("you're living from a personalised manual from hell"). Strange that none of these tunes found their way onto radios throughout the land, though somewhat ironically they did end up on an episode of Beverly Hills, 90210 on Steve's birthday yacht no less. Hmm.
"Ain't That Unusual", the stand out track on Boy, is also included with it's glorious noise and burned out, bitch frozen lyrics like "sorry I put them words in your mouth but you wouldn't talk to me." John's simple way of saying what other writers stuff into volumes is intriguing. It's not like grammar matters when you just say what you're feeling ("could you talk to me honestly / 'cause I never heard a word you said now and I ain't just bein' mean").
On the US release of What I Leaned . . ., the fifth Boy installment is "Long Way Down" while us antipodean listeners are treated to "Name" which didn't achieve the mega-hit status down here in Australia that it did over there. "Name" is undeniably special with John again getting out his rage at the world by creating a song that is really an acceptance of how life is ("grew up way too fast now there's nothing to believe / and reruns all become our history"). Personal by definition, it's about anonymity and frustration and the need to find a quiet place to shelter the burn.
Superstar Car Wash
The rockin' pop of the newer Goo Goo Dolls tracks continues here interspersed with a punk vibe the boys were originally going for. "Fallin' Down", "Cuz You're Gone" and "Another Second Time Around" show no regression easily holding their own. "We Are the Normal" is an instant classic in much the same vain as "Name". "Girl Right Next to Me" is a splendid mix of naiveté and self-consciousness ("and I don't even know what to say so I'm thinkin' out loud") with a gripping '70s-inspired chorus ("and when you dream 17 I ain't there so I don't care / 'cause all my dreams are 23").
"Lucky Star" is a cute pop song sewed up to suit Robby's punk style while "On the Lie" delivers a perfect blend of sarcasm and romance with lines like "I'd hang and swap clichés all night but I'm not in love with you".
Hold Me Up
The melody holds out while the songs from here on in are slightly beer stained. While this album had all the potential in the world to transport the Goo Goo Dolls onto the musical map, it was released at a time when hair rock was fading, commercial punk was all but unknown, grunge didn't exist and the pop machine was refuelling. In the wake of the New Kids and MC Hammer, the Goo Goo Dolls were without a genre and, sadly, "Hold Me Up" never stood a chance.
"Two Days in February", by far the band's greatest effort, has been a concert favourite for years. With a style John Rzeznik has perfected, "Two Days in February" is simple in its meaning, yet complex in its message. The guys have rerecorded it here and it remains breathtakingly brilliant. The original version (dedicated to "Chief Doug . . . and the guy across the street") sounds as though it was recording during a busking session with cars whizzing past and girls nattering in the background, though here it is crisp and shiny and worthy of single release in its own right. It's a sarcastic love (hate?) song about lover-done-gone heartbreak and that universal disgust at seeing former girlfriends or boyfriends actually happy while you're at home "breaking fingers" to call them.
"Just The Way You Are", "There You Are" (almost a sequel to "Two Days") and "Laughing" fill out this portion of the album continuing the fun, yet not exploring Hold Me Up's more experimental side with classics like "Kevin's Song", "22 Seconds" and "Hey".
Jed and Goo Goo Dolls
The first two albums in the Goo Goo Dolls collection get a slight look in with only one song a piece playing more like, well, one song.
"Up Yours" is belting, punk-ravaged, head-banging rock with the unapologetic lyrics so fervently splattered though most of these initial tunes ("yeah fuck your suicide it's all bullshit 'cause I tried"). While "I'm Addicted" is a rollicking good time, it is not a patch on the songs from the boys' first album that I wanted to hear purely "Iris" fans shriek over. This is the collection's only downfall. The pure hilarity of crazy man songs like "Hardsores" ("and every time you wait / you have to masturbate / oh, you know it well . . . wait, don't stop!"), "Don't Beat My Ass with a Baseball Bat" ("things don't look to good to me / I feel I'm out of luck / and all because of swollen glands / and just one stupid fuck . . . I'll beat your ass with a baseball bat bitch") and "Hammerin' Eggs" ("Dog corn another me buy gonna I'm mama") are strangely absent. Surely the boys aren't embarrassed about these pre-stylist extremities? No, I like to think they left them for the real fans.
While it's obviously all about the music here, for reasons including the fact that hits like "Slide", "Iris" or "Broadway" have not been added, no new tracks have been recorded and there is no glossy close-up of the boys' pretty faces on the cover, it's definitely about the music people are gonna like. And like it they should. Sexy hairdo or no sexy hairdo.
Originally posted on Popmatters.com
Goo Goo Dolls Dizzy Up The Past
Record: What I Learned About Ego, Opinion, Art & Comme...
Song: Ain't That Unusual
Song: All Eyes On Me
Song: Bullet Proof
Song: I'm Addicted
Song: Lucky Star
Song: Name
Song: Two Days In February
Song: Up Yours
Song: We Are The Normal


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Looney Tunes, Warner Bros. Animation, 1991 films,
Compilation films
Looney Tunes films
The Looney Tunes Hall of Fame
Revision as of 23:47, August 21, 2018 by Lucasmoura (wall | contribs)
The Looney Tunes Hall of Fame is a 1991 feature film compilation of 15 classic animated short subjects from the Warner Bros. studio. The line-up of cartoons included in this anthology were A Wild Hare (1940), Birdy and the Beast (1944), Bugs Bunny Rides Again (1948), Rabbit Seasoning (1952), Feed the Kitty (1952), One Froggy Evening (1955), Duck Amuck (1953), Another Froggy Evening (1995), Fast and Furry-ous (1949), Ali Baba Bunny (1957), Knighty Knight Bugs (1958), High Diving Hare (1949), Bully for Bugs (1955) and Rabbit of Seville (1950). The Looney Tunes Hall of Fame offered audiences an opportunity to see the cartoons in a 35mm theatrical presentation.[1][2][3]
Thanks to the Time Warner-Turner Entertainment merger back in 1996, this is the first compilation film to feature a wide range of pre-1948 and post-1948 color Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies shorts compiled in it.
↑ New York Times review
↑ Cranky Critic review
↑ JonathanRosenbaum.net review
Franchises:
Television: The Bugs Bunny Show • The Porky Pig Show • The Road Runner Show • The Merrie Melodies Show • Sylvester and Tweety • The Daffy Duck Show • The Daffy/Speedy Show • Looney Tunes on Nickelodeon • Merrie Melodies Starring Bugs Bunny and Friends • That's Warner Bros.! • Bugs N' Daffy
Feature Films: The Bugs Bunny/Road Runner Movie • The Looney Looney Looney Bugs Bunny Movie • Bugs Bunny's 3rd Movie: 1001 Rabbit Tales • Daffy Duck's Fantastic Island • Daffy Duck's Quackbusters • Space Jam • The Looney Tunes Hall of Fame • Looney Tunes: Back in Action
Specials: Daffy Duck and Porky Pig Meet the Groovie Ghoulies • Carnival of the Animals • Bugs Bunny's Easter Funnies • Bugs Bunny in Space • Bugs Bunny's Howl-o-Ween Special • A Connecticut Rabbit in King Arthur's Court • Bugs Bunny's Valentine • Bugs Bunny's Looney Christmas Tales • How Bugs Bunny Won the West • The Bugs Bunny Mother's Day Special • Bugs Bunny's Thanksgiving Diet • Daffy Duck's Easter Special • Bugs Bunny's Bustin' Out All Over • The Bugs Bunny Mystery Special • Daffy Duck's Thanks-For-Giving Special • Bugs Bunny: All American Hero • Bugs Bunny's Mad World of Television • An Ounce of Prevention • Bugs vs. Daffy: Battle of the Music Video Stars • Bugs Bunny's Wild World of Sports • Happy Birthday Bugs! 50 Looney Years • Bugs Bunny's Overtures to Disaster • Bugs Bunny's Creature Features • Bugs Bunny's Lunar Tunes
Main characters: Barnyard Dawg • Beaky Buzzard • Bugs Bunny • Cecil Turtle • Charlie Dog • Claude Cat • Daffy Duck • Elmer Fudd • Foghorn Leghorn • Gossamer • Granny • Hector the Bulldog • Henery Hawk • Hippety Hopper • Hubie and Bertie • Lola Bunny • Mac and Tosh • Marc Anthony and Pussyfoot • Marvin the Martian • Michigan J. Frog • Miss Prissy • Penelope Pussycat • Pepé Le Pew • Pete Puma • Porky Pig • Ralph Wolf • Road Runner • Sam Sheepdog • Speedy Gonzales • Sylvester • Sylvester Jr. • Taz • The Crusher • Tweety Bird • Wile E. Coyote • Witch Hazel • Yosemite Sam
Minor characters: Blacque Jacque Shellacque • Bosko • The Crusher • Giovanni Jones • Yoyo Dodo • Tasmanian She-Devil • Melissa Duck • Hugo the Abominable Snowman • Spike and Chester • Nasty Canasta • The Gremlin • Private Snafu • Petunia Pig • Playboy Penguin • Shropshire Slasher • Count Bloodcount • Mama Buzzard • Colonel Shuffle • Egghead Jr. • Owl Jolson • Toro the Bull • Rocky and Mugsy • Minah Bird • Inki • Beans • Little Kitty • Ham And Ex • Oliver Owl • Piggy • Gabby Goat • Buddy • Honey • Slowpoke Rodriguez • The Three Bears • Foxy • K-9 • A. Flea • Sniffles • Construction Worker • Frisky Puppy • Ralph Mouse • Honey Bunny • Roxy • The Martin Brothers • Ralph Phillips • Clyde Bunny • Fauntleroy Flip • Dr. I.Q. Hi • Gruesome Gorilla • Sloppy Moe • Hatta Mari • Businessman • The Weasel • Wiloughby • The Two Curious Puppies • Cool Cat • Babbit and Catstello • Instant Martians • Bobo the Elephant • Colonel Rimfire • Smokey The Genie • Jose and Manuel • Merlin the Magic Mouse and Second Banana • Conrad the Cat • Angus MacRory • Banty Rooster • Three Little Pigs • Tom Turkey • Goopy Geer • Nelly the Giraffe • Ala Bahma • Dr. Lorre • Cottontail Smith • Bunny and Claude • Claude Hopper • The Hep Cat •The Drunk Stork • The Cat • Singing Cat • Southern Sheriff • Old Woman's Canary • Old Woman's Cat • Bluebeard • Porky's Drunken Friends • Old Woman• Little Red Riding Hood's Grandma • Little Red Riding Hood (Little Red Walking Hood/Little Red Riding Rabbit/Goldilocks and the Jivin' Bears) • Goldilocks (The Bear's Tale/Goldilocks and the Jivin' Bears) • The Crow • King Arthur • King Arthur's Knights
Warner Bros. Cartoons • DePatie-Freleng Enterprises • Format Films • Chuck Jones Enterprises • Reel FX
Dave Barry • Warren Batchelder • Mel Blanc • Ted Bonnicksen • Arthur Q. Bryan • Bill Butler • Bob Clampett • Russ Dyson • Milt Franklyn • Friz Freleng • Manny Gould • George Grandpre • Ken Harris • Hugh Harman • Rochelle Hudson • Rudolf Ising • Ub Iwerks • Chuck Jones • Carman Maxwell • Norman McCabe • Chuck McKimson • Robert McKimson • Tom McKimson • Willian Lava • Lou Lilly • Michael Maltese • Tedd Pierce • Hawley Pratt • Tom Ray • Virgil Ross • Leon Schlesinger • Rob Scribner • Eddie Selzer • Carl Stalling • Larry Storch
A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight • Whistle and Blow Your Blues Away • I Think You're Ducky • The Merry-Go-Round Broke Down • Merrily We Roll Along
Retrieved from "https://warnerbros.fandom.com/wiki/The_Looney_Tunes_Hall_of_Fame?oldid=82116"


New: Is the government doing enough for education? Whose responsibility, state or the commonwealth? Why cut?
And this argument was mirrored in the Commonwealth's strong reaction: You cut, We cut!
Any results? Opinions from Farrah Tomazin, The Sunday Age's state political editor.
On September 11, NSW government announced major cuts to its TAFE colleges since Jan 1, 2013, as part of a broad education cuts to save $1.7 billion in the next four years. It is estimated about 800 TAFE jobs will go and TAFE fees will increase by 9.5% from next year. The hardest hit will be with TAFE fine art courses, including visual arts and ceramics which will be charged at commercial rates.
Community response: TAFE cuts will lead to job loss in Lismore TAFE creative industry faculty and skyrocketed fees will diminish the prospect of future intake.
While Victorians are sinking deeper into their ongoing battle.
"In May the government announced plans to slash an estimated $290 million from the TAFE sector… The TAFE Association estimated the funding cuts would lead to about 2000 redundancies at TAFE institutes. But the government has defended TAFE funding, saying it is spending an extra $1 billion over four years on apprenticeships and areas of skills training, " The Age reports.
Federal government joined in to pressure against Victorian cuts. "We don't want to take money out of the Victorian TAFE system, but there's clearly no point in us pouring money in if they're taking money out on the other end," said the federal Tertiary Education Minister Chris Evans.
On September 20th, more protests in Victoria after TAFE "transition plan" leak on possible facility sell-off and campus merger/closure.
What are people saying… and what do you have to say? Join the discussion!
Victorian TAFE teachers, students and parents sharing their stories in response to TAFE cuts.
Paul Livingstone, the co-writer of the the animated feature film, Happy Feet Two and the former art student at TAFE blogged about his disappoint at the TAFE cuts.
Deborah Gower, a former TAFE art student and working ceramic artist advocates the arts community to appeal.
Ted Baillieu has ripped $290 million out of TAFE. Sign the petition.
This Storify post will follow the development closely and run updates in the days to come. You are welcome to join the discussion either by leaving comments or news links. Let's talk about it!!


Behaviour driven development is an approach to software development process that provides software development and management teams with shared tools and a shared process to collaborate on software development. The awesome part of BDD is its ubiquitous language, which is used to describe the software in English-like sentences of domain specific language.
The application's behaviour is described by scenarios, and those scenarios are turned into automated test suites with tools such as Behat.
Sylius behaviours are fully covered with Behat scenarios. There are more than 1200 scenarios in the Sylius suite, and if you want to understand some aspects of Sylius better, or are wondering how to configure something, we strongly recommend reading them. They can be found in the features/ directory of the Sylius/Sylius repository.


Summer Shopping: Bold Beach Accessories!
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MORE:• Chic Flat Sandals Perfect for Summer • Runway Trends: Get the Look for Under $100!


Sayenko Kharenko won the titles of Law firm of the year: Russia, Ukraine and the CIS and European energy and infrastructure deal of the year at The Lawyer European Awards 2019.�The firm is the only one on the Ukrainian market ever to have won two accolades in a single year.
The ceremony took place on Tuesday 19 March 2019 at The Grosvenor House Hotel in London. "Despite an uncertain market in Ukraine, Sayenko Kharenko grew its top line in 2017 and continued to invest in quality lateral hires. It is firmly international in outlook. Those clients, which form the bedrock of the firm's practice, have propelled Sayenko Kharenko to a top position in terms of cross-border corporate activity. A striking aspect of the firm is its commitment to inclusion, both within the firm and outside of it in the form of corporate social responsibility. It has supported over 100 social impact projects in Ukraine. Its associated think-tank is actively researching social, economic developments that will shape the firm's response to client delivery", says The Lawyer. The judges noted warmly the firm's "strong financials, good evidence of people initiatives, and investment in strategic thinking and tech."
Sayenko Kharenko scooped the prize for the European energy, infrastructure and projects deal for its work on the complex financing to State Enterprise "National Nuclear Energy Generating Company "Energoatom" (Energoatom), operator of all running nuclear power plants in Ukraine.
The Lawyer notes that "the significance of the project for Ukraine as a whole was enormous, since it will create a safe environment for processing, storing, safeguarding significant quantities of nuclear spent fuel. The facility will not only reduce the need to ship the spent fuel to Russia but importantly, will increase capacity to store spent fuel moving Ukraine closer to energy independence." The judges lauded the way that the firm dealt with the "complex technical and legal challenges around the financing as well as the navigation through the new state aid regime."
Partner Nazar Chernyavsky comments: "The Lawyer European Awards is no doubt one of the most distinguished awards in Europe, and I am more than happy to know that Sayenko Kharenko is the only Ukrainian law firm ever to have won two categories in a single year. I would like to thank each and every member of the Sayenko Kharenko team. You do a great job and deserve this professional recognition."


Super Rare Games are a publisher and distributor of indie games for the Nintendo Switch. On November 15, they released a new game with Metanet Software titled N++ Ultimate Edition, one of many indie titles physically distributed by the company. George Perkins, the self-described "head of doing stuff" said that they "are the only people who stock our releases" – any physical release from Super Rare Games is only available through them directly, and not through other retailers. We contacted video game developers, publishers and distributors to get their views on the current state of the indie gaming industry and the transition from digital to physical releases with specific titles.
Physical releases haven't always been successful in the indie gaming industry, for example, Mighty No. 9, which began as a Kickstarter in 2013 and was released in 2016 as a Mega-Man style side-scrolling action platformer. It started as an extremely successful campaign but soon ended in disappointment.
FDG Entertainment's Philipp Döschl says that the company has had physical releases on their mind since "day one". He explains FDG's passion for indie gaming and their thought processes and decision making, "Since at FDG we're all (old school) gamers, we love physical releases and being able to do so nowadays is a childhood dream come true. This is something very important to us and is part of our current company strategy. Then it's also about finding the right way to release a physical game. Not every game is made for brick and mortar stores, some games will do a lot better if they're sold through the internet. It's not rocket science, it's more about careful analysis, curation, etc."PQube Games focuses more on performance and affordability: "There are multiple factors to this of course, but the most import ones are: Was the digital version successful and did it sell enough as well as how big is the data size of the game. The bigger a game data-wise, the more expensive it is to port it," Graner and Evans said.
Fish once said in Indie Game: The Movie, a film about the development of Fez that "there's always a threat of the whole thing just falling apart any day now." In this context, Fish was talking about Fez and the issues that Microsoft was giving them at the time, but the quote seemed to be a peculiar omen for what followed. Today, Fish is working on different projects, following several more instances of Twitter tirades and being hacked.The fate of Fez II hangs in the air, but how quickly it crashed and burn because of personal attacks against its creator suggest a flaw in the Indie process, one that goes beyond the risk of physical copies selling well. It may be fair to say that indie gaming is rising in popularity, with physical indie games becoming a normal occurrence now. Döschl concludes: "Physical releases can serve as a birthday present for a friend, as a collection item and also it gives the possibility to archive video games.
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Laina Eartharcher is a self-advocate and a doctor who is working to fully embrace and love herself. In this post, which was originally posted on Laina's blog, Laina discusses the internal struggle she is currently having. In writing about this struggle, whether or not to listen to what other people think, Laina provides valid viewpoints from both sides.
The title could certainly be construed as advice. But it's also a Note To Self. And it's one that's easier recited than actually adhered to.
Frustratingly, they're both right, which is likely why neither side has "won".
The "screw 'em" camp within me has a valid point. After all, most of my actions don't affect anyone else, and who cares if I stay in my apartment most days? Who cares if I wear loose-fitting, casual clothing? Who cares if I didn't wash my hair last night? And a handshake upon meeting someone is simply a momentary gesture, here and gone before you know it.
I've done a splendid job of refusing to live by American Mainstream Society. My partner and I bought a house before we had jobs; we lived together for almost a decade before we were married. We started our own business in a city we'd hardly spent time in but felt an intuitive magnetic "pull" toward. I don't adhere to the biological female stereotypical gender roles, and my partner doesn't tend to follow most of the male stereotype, either. We don't follow trends or very many social rules beyond basic politeness.
The "Screw 'Em" Side is convincing; after all, nobody else has to live with the sheepishness I feel after having had to mask my true self or that aspartame feeling I get when I've felt socially pressured go through some motion that seems pointless to me but flips everybody's shizz if I don't. They don't start going through the self-questioning later that evening when they get home and wonder "what was the point of that? What actual Social Points did I score with anyone today, and will they actually last, or will I have to keep doing it?". They don't feel inadequate, they don't fear that if they showed the world their true selves they'd be left with few friends. I do. I feel the sheepishness and inadequacy, the fakery of showing unearned courtesy toward strangers who might just turn and bite my backside.
On the other hand, the Other Side, the one that wants me to pay attention to what others think and actually give a sh*t, also makes a valid point. After all, I have to get along in this world. I have to maintain peaceful relationships with my family and neighbors (doing so with my friends is, naturally, easy). I have to cast myself in an attractive, energetic, role-model-worthy light to people at work. I have to fulfill duties and responsibilities, and many of those require the help and support of others. Therefore, it pays to Play Nice.
I reckon, then, that the battle of Who Should Care Less (and Who Should Care More) will rage on, and I don't yet see any hope of an ending in sight. For the time being, it is what it is.
I suppose my answer for the time being is that I should attempt to balance the two opposing forces. Perhaps there's a demilitarized zone somewhere in the middle, where I find some sort of happy medium. Maybe I conform to the basic social niceties, but without going overboard and transforming myself into a doormat. Maybe I maintain my own identity and integrity by exercising my own uniqueness and individualism in "healthy", socially acceptable ways. For example, favoring "indie" music over "pop" music is fairly harmless; few people beyond age 12 will shun you for your musical tastes.
But that's about all I know. I'm still floundering for the rest.


text:
Somerset Patriots sign Jose (Garcia) Reyes as shortstop
Mike Ashmore
The Somerset Patriots signed shortstop Jose Reyes on Thursday afternoon.
After you're done with your double-take, it isn't the longtime major leaguer who's been added to the roster, of course. But that's not to say that he doesn't have the potential to make a big-league-level impact.
Jose Garcia Reyes, who says he typically goes by just Jose Garcia, last played meaningful baseball collegiately at Ramapo last year. But after infielder Scott Kelly went down, there was room on the roster for someone who could fit the mold of a scrappy, speedy player who was going to give his all on every play.
Garcia was plucked out of an adult league that held its All-Star Game at TD Bank Ballpark on Sunday after the coaching staff stayed to scout him. He was invited to work out with the team on the road at Camden's Campbell's Field on Wednesday and was signed to an official contract prior to Thursday's series finale.
"That was my dream, to try to make it," said Garcia, a Trenton native. "I never gave up, but I was surprised. I'm just so happy right now."
Garcia has been activated and has the opportunity to help the Patriots clinch the Atlantic League's first-half Liberty Division title; their magic number was just one entering the game, and any combination of a Somerset win or Long Island Ducks loss would guarantee them their third consecutive playoff berth.
"What we were looking for was somebody that could run," said manager Brett Jodie of his 5-foot-10, 165-pound acquisition.
"He was a guy that looked like he could burn, and he looks like he can handle himself in the infield pretty well; he has a strong arm. He has some tools, so he's solid enough that we wanted to bring him in for a few days to work him out. He came for the first two days here, and then we decided to activate him and see what he can do."
2014 saw Garcia hit .357 with no home runs, 19 RBI, 10 doubles, two triples and 14 stolen bases in his first and only year at Ramapo, which came after he transferred from Keystone College.
In his only season for the Roadrunners, he was named to the NJAC First-Team All-Conference Team and ECAC All-Star Second Team.
NOTES: With a win over the Riversharks on Thursday night, the Patriots not only would clinch a playoff spot, they'd also set a new league record for most wins in a half with 49. The two teams Somerset is currently tied with, the 2005 Atlantic City Surf and 2013 Sugar Land Skeeters, were both defeated by the Patriots in those respective postseasons.


WESTBROOK, Maine -- Pratt Abbott is hosting a clothing drive to benefit Preble Street and celebrate Earth Day from now through April 26. 2019. All 12 of Pratt Abbott's dry cleaning and laundromat locations are accepting clothing donations during this period.


A lot of people consider graphic novels, also referred to by some people as visual novels, to be inferior to normal novels because of the inclusion of artwork.
There are numerous books aimed at younger readers today that features anthropomorphic animals, but this is not a new trend.
These days, fantasy novels tend to be sprawling multi-book affairs that take ages to complete. Even if you do have the time to delve into one of these series, it sometimes takes years for an author to get around to writing the next book that continues the story.
While most romance novels contain enough drama and intrigue to keep you on the edge of your seat, many authors also blend in elements of the thriller genre to spice things up. These elements of suspense, surprise and anticipation add a whole dimension to romance novels. However, it is not just modern authors that have found a lot of success by combining the romance and thriller genres. These two genres have gone hand in hand for many years already, which means there is a treasure trove of free ebooks to choose from. Here are just five examples of books that successfully blends romance and thrills to deliver enthralling tales.
The 18th and 19th century saw the release of numerous Gothic stories that would go on to become classics. Books such as Mary Shelley's Frankenstein, Bram Stoker's Dracula and even A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens set the tone for this genre of fiction. However, these authors were by no means the only ones to write Gothic stories and many others also came up with some great stories. Thankfully, many of these books are now available for free online as eBooks, which means it is easier than ever before to discover the interesting blend of horror, fiction, death and romance that they offer.
We all know that books are amazing, but did you know that they can have health benefits too? They can help to reduce your stress hormone levels, trigger the release of endorphins and provide you with a sense of well-being.
Science fiction is a genre that is known for not being afraid to tackle complex subjects or shy away from convoluted plot-lines. While fans of the genre love the depth of these types of novels, it can also scare away readers in search of more casual reading material.
One of the great things about free ebooks, apart from the fact that they are free, is their age. Many of the books that are available free online are more than a hundred years old, which makes them fascinating glimpses into the past.
We are proud to offer you, as our reader, a library of close to 50,000 free eBooks - but where do you start? Which books will make you laugh, make you cry, keep you at the edge of your seat and stay with you long after finishing them?
The War of The Worlds by H.G. Wells is perhaps one of the most well known science fiction novels about alien contact, but certainly not the only one. Even before mankind has set foot in outer space, writers have been speculating about what might be waiting there for us.


Holy Trinity Church, Graveyard – Durrow, Co. Laois.
The village of Durrow in County Laois is blessed with an abundance of beautiful walks, which stretch along woodland trails, forest paths, river banks and open countryside. All of the walks in Durrow are nestled within The Leafy Loop, which is a stand alone 22 KM, signposted walk, which will take in the region of five to six hours to complete. However within the Leafy Loop there are many different walks and routes, of varied length and duration, and there really is something to suit everyone, whether you enjoy a challenging walk or simply a leisurely and scenic stroll.
When walking it is recommended that you bring walking boots, rain gear, water and mobile phone. These are minimum requirements and please observe the Country Code of closing all gates and bringing your litter home.
The Walking Durrow website is a currently a work in progress, and the aim is to feature more information on local history, heritage and upcoming events and any imput is welcomed, by way of relevant information, to enhance the sites primary aim, which is to provide a comprehensive guide to all of the walks in, and around the village of Durrow.
This website aims to provide information on all the walks and routes in Durrow, Co.Laois. The overall plan is to have a complete collection of the many different walks, with route maps and relevant information for each, and all accessible from one website. The site will also act as a forum where people can express their views on each walk, and upload their own routes via the Your Routes page. Once a route is uploaded the aim is to display that route with its own page on the website proper, alongside those already featured.
The information on this website is provided as an information guide only. While all reasonable care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of the information and content provided by this website, the sites administrator cannot make any warranties regarding the accuracy or completeness of the information within or accessible through the site. The user of this website understands that neither the web site administrator nor any third parties who may provide information for inclusion on the web site accept any responsibility or liability of any nature whatsoever arising from either the content of or the use by any party of the site or of any information contained or accessible therein.
Dunmore Wood Durrow – January 13th 2017.
Dunmore Wood Durrow – November 30th 2016.
Knockatrina Wood, Durrow – October 10th 2016.
Durrow Woodland Walks – Ever Changing Colours.
Bluebell Walk – Capponellan Wood Durrow.