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LIBERTY, FREEDOM FROM PHYSICAL RESTRAINT
twitter.com/mikedee15116860
mjdeeour4th@outlook.com
Federal simple possession civil ofence, expungment.
Title 22 U.S.C. Section 844a (usdoj.gov)
"One's right to life, liberty, and property , . . may not be submitted to vote; they depend on the outcome of no elections. West Virginia Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624, 638 1943."Such rights . . . do not vanish simply because the power of the [government] is arrayed against them. Nor are they enjoyed in subjection to mere legislative findings." Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502, 548; (1934).
The only cases that require a stricter standard of review are those that involve an infringement of a right explicitly enunciated in the Constitution or otherwise recognized as fundamental. United States v. Kiffer, 477 F.2d 349at 352 (2d Cir. 1973) citing E. g., Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113, (1973); Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 486, (1965); Aptheker v. Secretary of State, 378 U.S. 500, 505-514, (1964). See United States v. Carolene Products Co., supra, 304 U.S. at 152-153 n. 4,
RECENT SCOTUS 20-148 Medical Marijuana Lawsuits
2255 MOTION CASES
Federal cases to Vacate Marijuana Convictions under habeas corpus
Brief Summary of this case.
U.S.A. v. Sawtelle17cr125
28 U.S.C. 2255 Motion to Vacate marijuana conviction.
Judges willfully lie about the grounds presented. Nazi Justice:
being incarcerated is not a denial of a constitutional right of liberty.
Review the added pages to learn what our rights are.
PROPOSED MAINE v. U.S.A.?
"All, too, will bear in mind this sacred principle, that though the will of the majority is in all cases to prevail, that will to be rightful must be reasonable; that the minority possess their equal rights, which equal law must protect, and to violate would be oppression. "Thomas Jefferson, First Inaugural Address In Washington, D.C. Wednesday, March 4, 1801
Legislative authority to abridge [plaintiff's liberty and] property rights … can be justified only by exceptional circumstances and, even then, by reasonable regulation only, and that legislative conclusions based on findings of fact are subject to judicial review." Nebbia v. New York, 291 U.S. 502, 543; 54 S.Ct. 505, (1934).
Maine Constitution "The legislature…, shall have full power to make and establish all reasonable laws and regulation… not repugnant to this constitution nor to that of the United States." Maine Constitution Article IV,
Part lll section 1 last sentence. http://www.maine.gov/legis/const/
Citizens of the United States believe the DRUG WAR is a political question. What is a crime is not a fundamental right. Proscribing marijuana as a federal controlled dangerous substance is rational, POLITICAL police power regulation.
It is a lie told by the legal system that criminal laws are a political question because the operation and effect of police power is deprivation of liberty and property. Being arrested is seizure of person and deprivation of liberty.
By planned ignorance, the legal system has manipulated the judiciary to declare marijuana is not a fundamental right. You do not have a liberty interest to smoke marijuana, thus ignoring the operation and effect of police power deprivation of liberty. Liberty has lost its true meaning, freedom from unreasonable physical restraint by police power. We are subjected to rational, political police power. The police have controlled public opinion where the majority rules. Drug users are treated as non-persons and denied equal proctection of due process of law by the legal system.
In a court of law every defendant in the prosecution of the drug war have had and still have standing presenting a justiciable controversy, to question the reasonableness, the constitutionality of the law that used police power to deprive them of their liberty and property their right to be secure in their persons, houses, papers and effects against unreasonable searches and seizure shall not be violated.
No person shall be deprived of life, liberty, and property without due process of law. SCOTUS has declared due process requires the deprivation of fundamental rights be justified by a compelling government interest to use police power. The burden is on the government to justify the claimed injury to fundamental rights.
The press has never held accountable the lawyers of the judiciary for declaring criminal laws are a political question.
It is a lie for the legal system to declare marijuana laws use of police power are a political question and not a fundamental rights issue. It is a lie to declare the drug war complies with the rule of law when there is no victim of a crime.
MUST READ to understand. Impeach Chief Justice Saufley Maine Supreme Judicial Court; My opposition to her renomination by Gov. LaPage 2016. I believe her decision in 1998 ME 92 is why she became Chief Justice, Rational police power.
Bernard Noble Louisiana 13 1/3 years 2-3 g. marijuana Habitual offender.. District judge ignores Noble;s application for post conviction relief. Forces DA to agree to a reduction in sentencing violating habitual offender law.
The Maine Courts have declared marijuana laws are rational use of police power, a political question violating the 4th Amendment.
The Maine courts have declared the judicial standard of review of the marijuana laws is rational basiss standard because marijuana is not a fundamental right and therefore these criminal laws were a legislative issue, a political question because no fundamental rights have been impinged, deprived by state police power by their enforcement. Marijuana is not a fundamental right. The court (2012ME26)declared the possession of marijuana does not implicate any fundamental right.
Federal and state courts have consisitently ignored my claim the enforcement of the marijuana laws implicates the deprivation of privacy, liberty, and property secured against unreasonable government intrusion by the 4th and 14th Amendments..
In all my lawsuits I have never ask the courts to declare marijuana a fundamental right.I have never claimed penalties are arbitrary.
2014 DEE V MAINE 2014ME 106 (copy paste)
http://www.courts.maine.gov/opinions_orders/supreme/lawcourt/2014/14me106de.pdf
2012 MSJC MAINE V DEE 2012 ME 26
http://www.courts.maine.gov/opinions_orders/opinions/2012_documents/12me26de.pdf
2009 http://www.med.uscourts.gov/Opinions/Kravchuk/2009/MJK_04282009_2-09cv163_Dee_v_USA_AFFIRMED_05282009.pdf
2006 Judge Crowley Order Doc. No. CV-06-707 http://Mainelaw.maine.edu/library/SuperiorCourt/decisions/CUMcv-06-707.pdf
2003 Judge Hornsby US District Court District of Maine, Doc. is Misc. No. 03-06-P-H
http://www.leagle.com/decision/2003291241FSupp2d50_1282
http://www.med.uscourts.gov/Opinions/Hornby/2003/DBH_01292003_2-03mc06_DEE_V_UNITED_STATES.pdf
It is not about the federal classification of marijuana as a controlled substance. It is about criminalizing marijuana and the operation and effect of police power that seizes your person and marijuana and deprives your fundamental rights to liberty and property, without reason,without a compelling state interest, without due process of law. There was no victim of a crime. Police are not protecting public safety. The laws are arbitrarily enforced which demonstrates criminalizing marijuana is unreasonable, unconstitutional violating the 4th 5th, and 14th Amendments.
The role of the judiciary is to defend fundamental rights secured by the Constitution. They can't defend life, liberty, and property unless a claim of injury has been presented for adjudication. Being arrested for violating the marijuana laws a person has had standing and the right to ask why criminalizing marijuana is reasonable and necessary.
You do not have to be a lawyer to learn and understand what our rights are and how they are protected by the Fourth, Fifth, and Fourteenth Amendments against unreasonable government intrusion and how those individual rights are betrayed by those of the judiciary who take an oath to protect them. http://www.courts.maine.gov/index.shtml
The judiciary demeans these Amendments. Lawyers will say the 4th means it is reasonable to seize your person because marijuana is illegal. Due process of the 5th and 14th means only the prosecution of the law. You have your day in court is due process.
These amendments also requires the police laws to be reasonable to protect the right of others, a compelling state interest.
DEFENDANTS should PLEAD not guilty, go to trial, make a motion to dismiss on the grounds that you have been deprived of your fundamental rights to liberty and property without reason,without a compelling state interest, without due process of law. The use of police power in the enforcement of the marijuana laws is unreasonable and unconstitutional. And see what the judge will do. Some where a judge will recognize some one as a person. But defendants have to bring it to attention of the court.
The courts under the color of law in my lawsuits declared the marijuana laws are a political question. Voting to change the marijuana laws, to be secure against unreasonable police power, makes pot users non persons.
UN April 21, 2016
At the United Nations opening session of the General Assembly in NYC September 24, 2013, Preaident Obama was there and a lot of police.
The lie. Police do not deprive liberty and property.
America's third civil war over property rights.
Slavery, Alcohol, Drugs
The war on drugs is rule without law.
War on Drugs Rule Without law
Police power is either reasonable of unreasonable.
Police power is to protect the rights of others from you. Not you from yourself !!
Mexican Embassy
Un Reasonable Seize Marijuana-------------- Our Rights Their Betrayal


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High school senior raises money for charity through 'porch project'
By Abbey Buttacavoli
Updated: Mar. 22, 2021 at 10:55 AM EDT
CAPE VINCENT, N.Y. (WWNY) - They say a picture is worth a thousand words, but these are worth a thousand dollars.
With the click of a button on his Cannon camera, 17 year old Alex Davis is actually doing much more than taking a picture.
The Thousand Islands High School senior captures moments in history through something called the "porch project."
"So the porch project is a project is where I, the photographer, would capture moments. The families would stand on their porch and I would photograph them - socially distanced, of course," said Alex.
His porch shots raised more than $1,000. Instead of using the money to buy himself a new cell phone or put it toward a new car, Alex gave the money away.
"I donated the money to the Cape Vincent Food Pantry and the Cape Vincent Ambulance fund," he said.
David McIntyre is the ambulance squad's board president, but he's got another title.
"Alex is my stepson," he said.
To show Alex how proud he was, McIntyre planned a day just for him and had state Assemblyman Mark Walczyk join in.
"Alex is one of those kids that is just so inspiring and has such a giving heart," said Walczyk, (R. - 116th District).
"I just feel that the food pantry and the ambulance squad both do a really good job of assisting those in need, especially during that time," said Alex.
The time where COVID-19 was new, people were scared, and many needed a helping hand.
Alex did his part while sharpening his skills.
As for what's next: he is eyeing film and photography school in hopes to capture even more history and maybe help out a few more folks along the way.
Copyright 2021 WWNY. All rights reserved.
UPDATE: Tupper Lake man charged with making a terroristic threat
Fired police officer takes plea deal in hit-and-run crash
Winter storm warning for the afternoon & Thursday
Man in custody after brief lockdown at Canton Central School
Watertown man arrested for criminal sexual act
Ask the Pharmacist - January 27

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Ron Paul Quotes
Home Page ...Contents
Tribute To Bruce Farmer 12 July 2006
HON. RON PAUL
OF TEXAS
Mr. PAUL. Mr. Speaker, I wish to take this opportunity to pay tribute to Mr. Bruce J. Farmer, Sr., a remarkable man who passed away on June 28. I also respectfully request unanimous consent to insert the printed version of a eulogy for Mr. Farmer.
Mr. Farmer, a resident of Galveston, Texas, was a husband, father of four sons, entrepreneur, and community leader. Mr. Farmer's career exemplifies the best features of American capitalism. Mr. Farmer was CEO of Farmer's Copper Ltd., which he founded in 1978 as Farmer's Copper and Industrial Supply. Under his leadership, Farmer's Copper Ltd. grew into one of the nation's largest privately owned copper and brass distributors, employing approximately 185 people in Galveston. Mr. Farmer began working in the metal fabrication business at the age of 14, when he went to work for Farmer's Marine Copper Works, an engineering and fabrication firm founded by his father and uncle. Mr. Farmer was also CEO of the Four Winds Investments and a director of Moody National Bank
Mr. Farmer first demonstrated his commitment to serving his community and country at the age of 16 when he enlisted in the U.S. Merchant Marines in order to serve his country at the height of World War II. Throughout his life, Mr. Farmer did not allow the demands of growing his business to distract him from becoming involved in various local and national organizations. For example, he served on the Methodist Foundation Board and on other boards of the Methodist Church. An avid outdoorsman who loved fishing, hunting, golfing, and skiing, Mr. Farmer also served as past President of the Galveston Propeller Club and received the Maritime Man of the Year award.
Mr. Speaker, I am honored to be able to pay tribute to this fine man, and I hope all my colleagues join me in sending my deepest condolences to his family. I hope Mr. Farmer's family is comforted by the knowledge that the whole community of Galveston joins them in mourning his passing.
"MY BELOVED SONS"
There's a feeling apart
In a father's heart
For his son.
A certain pride
Down deep inside
For this special one.
When there are two
Its twice come true
And life grows richer still.
A third little boy
Is a brand new joy,
And all seems perfect until;
You add one more
To make it four,
And life takes on a new zest,
To share life's joys
With four little boysIs living at its best.
Bruce kept that poem in his desk at work. I think that says a lot about the man and his philosophy. His family was part of his work and his work was part of his family. I have had the honor and privilege of working with Bruce for the past twenty five years. Notice I said with and not for. No one worked for him.
Everyone at Farmer's Copper is part of a team, part of the family. We all knew that there was not a job Bruce could not do, would not do or had not done. He was a man that led by example.
Every morning he would make his rounds through the offices ostensibly to check on the staff and see how business was doing. The real reason was that he wanted to mooch hugs from all of the ladies.
Bruce would also make his rounds through the warehouse. He would stop in the different departments to see how the equipment was running, how the men were doing and what the day's workload looked like. He would offer his opinion or make a suggestion and then tell them to "carry on". Funny, I never remember him mooching hugs down there.
2006 Ron Paul 54:10
Bruce really valued his employees and truly treated them as family. There were dozens of times when he quietly and privately helped an employee through their personal tragedies and hardships. Me included.
He always kept his door open and would gladly listen to any employees concerns, complaints or suggestions. Bruce always had time to help.
Under his leadership, Farmer's Copper grew from a tiny almost afterthought division of Farmer's Marine into a leader of the metals industry. Farmer's Copper is known both nationally and internationally as the premier source for copper based metals.
His unique vision and courage to stay on the forefront of technological advances in both equipment and material is what makes us a leader today and for the last twenty five years.
His willingness to invest in equipment, inventory and especially people has assured our success. His boundless energy and ever present optimism inspired us all. During industry downturns when others saw troubles, Bruce found opportunity. When everyone else was in the dark, Bruce found the light. That is how in a volatile and cyclical industry we have always prospered.
On a personal note, I have lost one of my best friends, a fishing buddy and hunting partner. But most of all, I've lost my second father. I have known Bruce all of my life. The older we got, the closer we got. He meant more to me than words can say. And I know without a doubt that he felt the same towards me.
That's how it was with Bruce. When you were his friend, you felt it deep down in your heart. And if you were not his friend, that just meant that you had not met him yet.
I guess the highest honor he gave me was when I became a member of the "Old Fart Hunting Club." Every year on the second weekend of deer season Bruce would round up the "Old Farts" and we head out to the Rock Island ranch.
This group consisted of Bruce's oldest and dearest friends. Members included Buddy Benson, Jimmy Regan, Bill Glenn, Gene Morris and of course the late Nat Pepper. There were dozens of other honorary members who attended through the years. You always knew that things would get exciting when Joe Cantini made the trip. And you always had make sure there was just a little bourbon for when Kenneth Nance would drop by.
Last year I was the only participant under retirement age that had not had a heart attack. The trips were exciting for me every year. Sitting around the fire or on the front porch with these guys have been some of the best times of my life. Listening to stories of their past: the obstacles faced, the friends lost and the achievements accomplished made me proud to be included. It also made me a better man. Of course some of the tails were pretty tall and then there was the always present practical jokes.
I think my favorite included Nat. Nat always enjoyed his Saturday night bath. As the story goes, one such night Bruce called out to Nat that he had drawn a bath for him. Nat thanked him and proceeded to the giant old cast iron, clawed foot tub. After he disrobed and prepared to enter the tub he saw it. A small bass swimming in circles trying to find its way out.
Bruce had caught the fish earlier and placed it in the tub. I don't know who was more shocked. Nat or the bass. Like the bass we must find our way now. Everyone here is a better person for having known Bruce. We as friends, family and coworkers must now "carry on".
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text:
Schmidtiana strumosa är en skalbaggsart som först beskrevs av Francis Polkinghorne Pascoe 1866.  Schmidtiana strumosa ingår i släktet Schmidtiana och familjen långhorningar. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Långhorningar
strumosa

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text:
Previous (Tsunami)
Next (Tuba)
Between 100,000 and 3.5 million
The Tuareg language(s) (Tamasheq, Tamajeq, Tamahaq)
Predominantly Muslim
The Tuareg (sometimes spelled Touareg in French, or Twareg in English) is a name for a group of peoples who share a Berber ethnic group loosely forming a type of indigenous nation-state. The Tuareg people inhabit a large area covering almost all the middle and western Sahara and the north-central Sahel. In Tuareg terms, the Sahara is not one desert but many, so they call it Tinariwen "the Deserts."
1 Name and Language
2 Ethnic Classification
3.1 Pre-colonial
3.2 Post-colonial
4.1 Social Stratification
4.3 Art
4.4 Traditional music
5 Contemporary Situation
The Tuareg have been disrupted by the post-colonial division of nations that placed them within the separate countries of Niger, Burkina Faso, Libya, Mali, and Algeria. The 1990s brought much warfare and strife for them with various resolutions in the different nations. As humankind advances into a globalized society the place of the Tuareg is yet to be defined. Their old ways of trading using camel-caravans no longer support them, and an alternative way of life that preserves their identity but allows them to advance together with the human family into a world of peace and prosperity has yet to be established.
Name and Language
The origin of the name Tuareg does not originate within the Berber group, and its meaning has been long discussed. Probably it derives from Twārəg, the "broken plural" of Tārgi, a Ḥassānīya Arabic word whose former meaning was "inhabitant of Targa" (the Tuareg name of the Libyan region commonly known as Fezzan; targa in Berber means "(drainage) channel").
The name Tuareg was applied to them by early explorers and historians, but the people call themselves variously Kel Tamajaq (Speakers of Tamajaq), Imajaghan (Tuareg people), or the Imouhar (the free people).
The Tuareg language is a southern Berber language having several dialects among the different regions. Berber is an Afro-Asiatic language closely related to Egyptian and Semitic-Canaanite languages. The language is called Tamasheq by western Tuareg in Mali, Tamahaq among Algerian and Libyan Tuareg, and Tamajaq in the Azawagh and Aïr regions, Niger. The Tamajaq writing system, tifinaɤ (also called Shifinagh), descends directly from the original Berber script used by the Numidians in pre-Roman times.
The ancient Lybico-Berber alphabet is from the Punic script, which was used in the extinct Phoenician language and was used irregularly up until the time of Augustine by various languages. Today, it survived irregular usage with the Tuareg.
Ethnic Classification
The Tuareg are classified as a Berber group, and are closely related to both Northwest African Berbers and West Africans in terms of culture and race. They do not have Arabic ethnicity.
Some argue that the Tuareg are defined by language and culture, not by race, and that predominantly Middle Eastern and/or Indigenous African Tamasheq speakers qualify as "Tuareg." By implication, individuals of Tuareg descent but who have assimilated into various countries and do not speak Tamasheq languages would not be considered Tuareg. This is part of the reason for the widely varying estimates of the number of contemporary Tuareg.
Pre-colonial
Originally farmers descended from Berbers in the region that is now Libya, the Tuareg are descendants of ancient Saharan peoples. Herodotus described this ancient Libyan people, the Garamantes, a Saharan Berber people who founded a prosperous kingdom in the Fezzan area of modern-day Libya. Evidence of this Garamantian Empire is found in the ruins of Germa.
With many invaders, colonists, and explorers, the Tuareg slowly migrated southward, into the Sahel, with the promise of greater prosperity through trade. The Tuareg adopted nomadism along with its distinctive form of social organization from camel-herding Arabs about two thousand years ago, when the camel was introduced to the Sahara from Saudi Arabia.
According to legend, Tin Hinan, heroine and spiritual leader, founded a kingdom in the Ahaggar mountains in the early part of the fifth century C.E. She was both heroine and matriarch and is believed to have come from the Tafilalt oasis in the Atlas Mountains in the area of the modern Morocco. Even today the Tuaregs call her "Mother of Us All."
From that time until French colonization the Tuareg were organized into loose confederations, each consisting of a dozen or so tribes. Each of the main groups had a traditional leader called Amenokal along with an assembly of tribal chiefs (imɤaran, singular amɤar). The groups were the Kel Ahaggar, Kel Ajjer, Kel Ayr, Adrar n Fughas, Iwəlləmədan and Kel Gres.
For over two millennia, the Tuareg operated the trans-Saharan caravan trade connecting the great cities on the southern edge of the Sahara to the northern Mediterranean coast of Africa.
For over two millennia, the Tuareg operated the trans-Saharan caravan trade connecting the great cities on the southern edge of the Sahara to the northern Mediterranean coast of Africa. This continued into the twentieth century when the European trains and trucks took over most of the trade routes.
Their five basic trade routes extended from the southern edges of the Saharan deserts to the northern Mediterranean coast of Africa, where Tuareg merchants delivered their goods to be distributed throughout the world. Transportation was very difficult and there was limited space in the caravans, so the Tuareg usually traded in luxury items which would bring a large profit while taking up little space. Tuareg were also responsible for bringing enslaved people north from west Africa to be sold to Europeans and Middle Easterners. Occasionally the Tuareg themselves took captives, with any who were not sold being assimilated into the Tuareg community. Captive servants and herdsmen formed a component of the division of labor in camel nomadism.
Post-colonial
In the early nineteenth century, the Tuareg resisted the French invasion of their Central Saharan homelands for the purpose of colonization. Tuareg broadswords were no match for the more advanced weapons of French squadrons.In southern Algeria, the French met some of the strongest resistance from the Ahaggar Tuareg. Their Amenokal, traditional chief Moussa ag Amastan, fought numerous battles in defense of the region. Finally, the Tuareg were subdued and required to sign treaties in Mali in 1905 and Niger in 1917. Tuareg territories were taken under French governance and their confederations were largely dismantled and reorganized.
Areas where significant numbers of Tuaregs live
Following the independence of African countries in the 1960s, Tuareg territory was artificially divided into modern nations with large populations in Niger, Mali, Algeria, Libya, and Burkina Faso.
Political disruption and economic constraints followed French colonization, and generally tight restrictions were placed on nomadism. Long-standing competition for resources in the Sahel and with issues of wells, desertification and the increased firewood needs of growing cities impacted Tuareg conflicts with neighboring African groups. Native ideas of authority conflicted with the newly established national authorities and many various unresolved problems remain.
In Mali, a Tuareg uprising resurfaced in the Adrar N'Fughas mountains in the 1960s, following Mali's independence. In May 1990, in the aftermath of a clash between government soldiers and Tuareg outside a prison in Tchin-Tabaraden, Niger, Tuaregs in both Mali and Niger claimed autonomy for their traditional homeland: (Tenere in Niger and the Azawad region of Mali). Deadly clashes between Tuareg freedom-fighters and the military of both countries followed, with deaths numbering well into the thousands. Mali tried to involve international agencies such as Amnesty International and the government tried to highlight atrocities by the Tuareg. Although an agreement was signed in 1991, some young Tuareg were disillusioned by the hastiness and they felt the agreement was signed in an insincere way. Several dozen young Tuareg men were killed in Timbuktu, Mali by the government forces who probably preferred a military solution. Although a further conference was called in Niger, the extra-judicial deaths were not addressed and many Tuareg were further alienated.
In Niger, in 1992, more misunderstanding and more killings ensued. Various allegations of atrocity were backed up by the "Working group for Indigenous Peoples" a body of the United Nations. The Tuareg were incensed that previous killings were not addressed, and many para-military groups of young Tuareg were formed under various leadership and philosophies. A national region for the Tuareg was proposed and defeated by the national conference, and more violence ensued. There was a general purge of Tuareg in northern Mali and hundreds of thousands fled the area. At the end of 1992, Niger adopted a new constitution.
In 1993, some Tuareg paramilitary groups took to discrediting the government as not being capable of protecting the Tuareg. They began committing various criminal activities and showed that they could not be stopped. This led to a general public outcry against the Tuareg with various reprisals in other nations.
Further negotiations in 1994 in Niger initiated by France and Algeria were darkened by a tragedy where medical aid was refused to the Tuareg in light of violence inflicted at a celebration by unknown assailants. Yet these negotiations led to peace agreements in 1995. The agreement in Niger and the constitutional change in Mali in 1992 both called for decentralization of national power and guaranteed the integration of Tuareg resistance fighters into the countries' respective national armies.
Major fighting between the Tuareg resistance and government security forces ended after the 1995 and 1996 agreements, but sporadic fighting continued in Niger in 2004 between government forces and groups struggling to obtain Tuareg independence.
Tuareg Blacksmith
Traditionally, Tuareg society is a class society, with nobility and vassals. It was divided between those who tended the land and those who did not, with farming being the lower class activity. The pastoral work was specialized according to social class: imúšaɤ, warrior-aristocrats who organized group defense, livestock raids, and the long-distance caravan trade; ímɤad, vassal-herdsmen who pastured and tended most of the confederation's livestock; ìnhædˤæn, blacksmith-clients who fabricated and repaired the saddles, tools, household equipment, and other material needs of the community. After the adoption of Islam, a separate class of religious clerics, the marabout, also became integral to Tuareg social structure.
The Tuareg also held èklan "slaves," who were often war prisoners darker than the generally brown-skinned Tuareg, who are also known as the Bella. Some of these slaves also came from those not sold in trading.
Under the older system, the farming groups would pay allegiance to locally-appointed headmen, who in turn reported to nobles who considered the village their domain. As the trans-Saharan trade routes diminished in importance, and the farmers accumulated wealth, the social structure changed. During the colonial and post-colonial national eras, the awarding of governmental posts also altered the social strata and the social structures of modern Tuareg are varied.
The Tuareg are matrilineal, though not matriarchal. Unlike many Muslim societies, the women do not traditionally wear the veil, whereas the men do. The most famous Tuareg symbol is the Tagelmust, their veil, which is often blue indigo colored. The men's facial covering originates from the belief that such action wards off evil spirits, but most probably relates to protection against the harsh desert sands as well; in any event, it is a firmly established tradition (as is the wearing of amulets containing verses from the Qur'an). Men begin wearing a veil when they reach maturity which usually conceals their entire face excluding their eyes and top of nose.
The Tuareg are sometimes called the "Blue People" because the indigo pigment in the cloth of their traditional robes and turbans stained the wearer's skin dark blue. Today, the traditional indigo turban is still preferred for celebrations, although generally Tuareg wear clothing and turbans in a variety of colors.
Traditionally Tuaregs were animists. As the unique identity of the Tuareg developed through their migration southward they also became predominantly Muslim by the sixteenth century. With the severe demands of their nomadic travels, the requirements of Ramadan and other fasts were relaxed and generally the Tuareg are more inclined to observe feasts than fasts.
Originally with a large Sufi component, today they combine Sunni Islam (specifically the Maliki madhhab, popular in North and West Africa) with certain pre-Islamic animistic beliefs, including spirits of nature (Kel Asuf) and djinns and such syncretic beliefs as divination through means of the Qur'an.
Tuareg selling crafts to tourists in Algeria
Much Tuareg art is in the form of jewelery, leather, metal saddle decorations called Trik, and finely crafted swords. The Inadan community makes traditional handicrafts including such items as Tanaghilt or Zakkat (the 'Agadez Cross' or 'Croix d'Agadez'); the Tuareg Takoba, a nearly one-meter-long sword, with red leather cover; and beautiful gold and silver-made necklaces called Takaza and earrings called Tizabaten.
Traditional Tuareg music has two major components: the single-string bowed instrument called Anzad which is played by the women to accompany songs, often during an evening ceremony, and a small tambourine covered with goatskin called Tende which is used during camel races and horse races and other festivities. Traditional songs called Asak and Tisiway (poems) are sung by women and men during feasts and social occasions. Another popular Tuareg musical genre is Takamba known for its Afro-Berber percussion.
Many music groups emerged after the 1980s cultural revival, some combining indigenous music styles with electric guitars and contemporary instruments.
Contemporary Situation
Many Tuareg have settled into the communities with which they traded, serving as local merchants and representatives for their friends and family who continued to trade. Some Tuareg farm or herd animals on areas designated as homelands by their national governments, resembling the Native American Indian Reservations in the United States. Some "settlement" areas are more like refugee camps, especially in areas with vague regulations or unresolved contention with the Tuareg. Although in 2006 the HIV/AIDS rates among the Tuareg were lower than the national populations in the countries they inhabit, workers in this field have predicted the increase in the occurrence of the disease if their situations are not stabilized.
Many Tuareg today are either settled agriculturalists or nomadic cattle breeders, although there are still blacksmiths and caravan leaders. Some have abandoned farming and herding, and sought jobs in towns and cities individually, melding into the urban culture.
Heath, Jeffrey. A Grammar of Tamashek (Tuareg of Mali). New York: Mouton de Gruyer. Mouton Grammar Library, 2005. ISBN 3110184842
Keenan, Jeremy. Sahara Man: Travelling with the Tuareg. John Murray General Publishing Division, 2001. ISBN 9780719561610
Keenan, Jeremy. The Tuareg: People of Ahaggar. Sickle Moon Books, 2003. ISBN 9781900209144
Keenan, Jeremy. The Lesser Gods of the Sahara: Social Change and Indigenous Rights. Routledge, 2004. ISBN 9780714684109
Seligman, Thomas K., Kristyne Loughran, and Edmond Bernus (editors), Art of Being Tuareg: Sahara Nomads in a Modern World. UCLA Fowler Museum, 2006. ISBN 9780974872940
All links retrieved December 19, 2015.
Origin and History of the Tuaregs
Tuareg history
History of "Tuareg"
Retrieved from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/p/index.php?title=Tuareg&oldid=992920


Summer Kids' Club is for children who have completed Kindergarten - 5th Grade. Daily, Weekly, and all summer care is available from 6:45am to 6:00pm. A maximum of 100 children can participate in Summer Kids' Club. A $25 non-refundable deposit is required at the time of registration. This deposit will help cover the costs of field trips and t-shirts. Prepayment of full-time, summer care includes a free week of child care plus a 5% discount. Registration opens March 4th. Space is limited!


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It can be tempting to opt for the classic destinations when planning your next holiday – especially if your holidays are scarce and you don't want to risk wasting them on somewhere with less traditional tourist appeal. The downside is that a lot of holiday planners are thinking along similar lines, making trips to the most popular destinations feel a less special. Avoid tourist traps and go somewhere with authenticity by choosing a more offbeat destination, but which is guaranteed to still offer you that much-needed break.
Obviously it would not be fair to reduce Las Vegas to the iconic 'strip' that has inspired countless movie scenes, to which gamblers and thrillseekers automatically flock for a dose of American hedonism and sensationalism. The nightlife and gambling scene is, however, inescapably one of Las Vegas' defining selling points – and you can expect a vast proportion of the city's visitors to be there for that reason. Unless you're a keen gambler, it will get boring, unbearably hot and irritatingly consumerist. Sure, there are other things to do on the outskirts of Vegas (the Nevada desert is undeniably beautiful) but unless you're planning a side trip to the Burning Man, skip Vegas and go somewhere a little less cliché.
Where to go instead: Macau, the significantly more exotic and interesting version of Vegas. The autonomous Chinese region gives you a taste of Asian culture whilst still offering you the excitement of a glamorous, modern city. Having been governed by the Portuguese Empire up until 1999, there are plenty of Portuguese influences to be found in the food and culture, as well as Macau's architecture which is equally representative of its versatile history.
It's loud, hectic and full of young people. If you're a party animal, that might sound like paradise. For the rest of us, Ibiza might at times feel like nothing more than a rock full of cheap alcohol and techno raves. Whilst there exist quiet and peaceful Ibiza villages where the people are more interested in yoga than vodka shots, the notorious nightlife scene can be found all across the island, and at some points can seem to overshadow the natural beauty and interesting history Ibiza has to offer. Warm temperatures are good – but not when every bar gets quickly overcrowded all year round. If the priority for your holiday is not partying, then skip Ibiza in favour of something with a little more character.
Where to go instead: Malta, one of the most historically diverse nations in the whole of Europe, with beautiful beaches, a wealth of culture, UNESCO heritage sites and tropical temperatures. Before you say it sounds too good to be true – there's more. English is one of Malta's official languages, happy hour can be found everywhere, and the summer sometimes lasts way into October.
Hong Kong, along with Tokyo and Seoul, epitomizes the cinematic image of a modern Asian city, with its neon signs, skyscrapers and bustling streets. Hong Kong also benefits from being fairly westernized and therefore welcoming for tourists, with many English streets and shops selling Western products. As unique and accessible experience Hong Kong can be – there's no getting away from its terrible air pollution and intense overcrowdedness. On top of that, the city is notoriously expensive. Everything from accommodation to transport will hit your wallet hard.
Where to go instead: Singapore is less expensive and has a lower crime rate whilst also being more eco-friendly. The city state gets around 15 million visitors each year, whilst Hong Kong caters to 28 million tourists annually. Singapore is more culturally diverse and has a reputation for being friendlier too. All in all, Singapore has just as many amazing sights and experiences to offer as Hong Kong.
At first, Gibraltar might seem like an ideal destination – but don't be too deceived by the picturesque post cards of the iconic green rock and deep blue sea backdrop. Gibraltar has a unique charm, but is unfortunately not an ideal holiday location if you are planning to stay for more than few days. Small and cramped with a lot of concrete buildings and terrible traffic; Gibraltar may leave you feeling relaxed at times but will leave you exasperated just as frequently.
Where to go instead: Barcelona. If you're after the combination of a beach and city lifestyle, delicious Mediterranean food and sunshine – Barcelona is a better bet. Whether it's nightlife or shopping, there's little you'll find in Gibraltar that you can't get in Barcelona (except maybe the Barbary macaques).
When you make the extra effort to look for a destination similar, but more low-key, to everyone's go-to holiday spot, you might well end up making a wiser choice – and save some money too. Check out The Telegraph's list of underrated destinations for more inspiration on where to plan your next break.


text:
Words as Music: Rhythm and Why it Matters On Stage
Posted on November 5, 2016 by J.
I'm reading Neil Simon's memoir/autobiography, Rewrites. He talks about doing The Odd Couple with Jack Lemmon:
"Jack Lemmon is a director's dream, a writer's savior, and a gift to the audience from a Harvard man who decided to turn actor. I never once saw Jack argue with a writer or a director. Conversation, yes. Suggestions, yes. Fights, not that I ever saw. If some dialogue or a scene wasn't working, Jack assumed it was his fault and made it his business to make it work. He rarely failed."
This is important. An actor needs to be curious about almost everything — not the least of which is, "Why did the playwright write it this way?" But too often, I see actors assuming that whatever is challenging them is the playwright's fault, not theirs — and they move to this position pretty quickly, before they've had the chance to explore all the different ways of saying the line that they hate.
Sometimes they paraphrase the line. Sometimes they leave it completely out.
I'm pretty perceptive and have an instinctive understanding of the general intent behind dialogue, but sometimes I can be incredibly dense about the meaning of a line. There have been times when I have gone through three weeks of rehearsal struggling with a line until I finally have the courage to admit that I simply am clueless about what it means or how I should be saying it. More than once, the rest of the cast knew exactly what it meant and were surprised that I didn't, and they enlightened me. I fleetingly felt a little stupid, but I was sure glad to have it clarified.
There have been a couple of occasions where I never cracked the nut on a given line, but whatever I was doing was not, I assume, too offensive, or the director would have said something. But I was never comfortable with the line and never felt that I delivered it with emotional honesty. HOWEVER — I still assume the error was mine, not the playwright's. If I believe in and trust the rest of the play, and there are just one or two lines that I am struggling with — well, the odds are good that I'm the one at fault. As a playwright, I can tell you that I don't write anything that sounds discordant in my head. There may be different ways of reading a given line, but there is always at least one good way to read a line — because that's the way I heard it in my head.
So as an actor, I assume that if I'm missing the mark, it's because I'm not creative enough to figure out what it sounded like to the playwright when it was written.
Simon continues.
"He is also appreciative and complimentary to the written word, and if he doesn't like it, he will play it full out anyway and let you pick up that it doesn't work. He once said in an interview, 'Neil writes in definite rhythms and as in music, you can't skip any of the notes. If his prepositions and conjunctions, such as but, if, and, or, and it are left out, the music is wrong.' When I heard this, I was taken aback for a moment. I was unaware that this was true. I never said to an actor, 'You left out the but in that sentence. I need the but.' It was the actors themselves who felt they had skipped a beat. In one play I did, the leading actress came to me during previews and begged me to take out a line. It was not the first time she had brought this up, and I kept saying, 'Let me think about it.' Then one night she was adamant.
"'Neil, please take it out. It's only a short sentence but for me it interrupts the flow of the speech and takes the emphasis away from the point the character is trying to make here.'
"I liked the line but I trusted her instincts and without any fuss, I finally agreed that she could drop the line. She hugged me in gratitude and went out onstage that night and did the speech. But she did not omit the line. Puzzled, I searched for her when the act was over and asked, 'Did you forget to leave the line out?'
"'No,' she said. 'Just as I got to it, I knew I needed it. There would have been a big, empty hole if I left it out. But thanks, anyway.'"
Imagine if a song was missing some notes — you would notice that, wouldn't you?
It's more obvious in a song, but it's just as true in a play. I've talked before about the fact that altering lines by just a word can affect the humor in a comic line. You may not think that the presence (or absence) of a conjunction can completely change its humor, but it absolutely can. That's why some people can tell jokes and you'll laugh, and someone else can tell them same joke and it will fall flat. Humor is very musical, and if you get the rhythm or the lilt wrong, it ain't funny any more.
Even if it isn't a joke, every character has their own cadence, their own way of speaking. Tossing out (or even worse, adding) what seem like inconsequential words — connectors, like and and but, or articles (the and a), delaying words like well and um — changes the music of the line. An actor can use the jazz riff emotionally, but you've got to be part of the symphony orchestra when it comes to the words.
This entry was posted in Acting, Memorizing, Uncategorized and tagged Acting, acting technique, Community Theater, Learning lines. Bookmark the permalink.
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text:
State of Delaware - Search and Services/Information
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★ VOTER REGISTRATION ★
What are the qualifications?
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How do I register to vote or update my record?
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When can I update my record?
When can I change my political party affiliation?
What are the deadlines?
What are my responsibilities?
How can I cancel my voter registration?
How can I cancel a close relative's voter registration?
You must be registered to vote in General, Primary and Special Elections.
You do not have to be registered to vote in school elections.
You can pick a political party affiliation when you register.
If you do not pick a political party, you will be registered as unaffiliated.
You must register as a Democrat or Republican to vote in a primary. Democrats vote for Democrats and Republicans for Republicans.
Changes of address with the Post Office do not update your voter registration.
You must vote at the polling place for the address for your home on Election Day.
You may register to vote in Delaware if you:
Are a citizen of the United States; AND
Are a resident of Delaware (Delaware is your home); AND
Will be 18 years old on or before the date of the next General Election.
You may not register to vote in Delaware if you:
Have been adjudged mentally incompetent. Adjudged mentally incompetent refers to a specific finding in a judicial guardianship or equivalent proceeding, based on clear and convincing evidence that the individual has a severe cognitive impairment which precludes exercise of basic voting judgment; OR
Were convicted of a felony and have not fully discharged your sentence*; OR
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** List of Disqualifying Felonies:
Murder or manslaughter, (except vehicular homicide);
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Any felony constituting a sexual offense, or any like offense under the laws of any state or local jurisdiction or of the United States or of the District of Columbia.
NOTE: If you are 16 or older and obtaining a driver's license at the Division of Motor Vehicles (DMV), you will be provided the opportunity to register to vote. You will be eligible to vote if you will be 18 years old on or before the date of the next General Election.
See qualifications above.
NOTE: If you have been convicted of a non-disqualifying felony and have completed your sentence, you must register to vote, even if you were previously registered to vote prior to your felony conviction.
Call the Office of the State Election Commissioner at (302) 739-4277 if you have questions about your eligibility.
Can I register to vote if I don't have a fixed address?
Yes. If you don't have a fixed residence or are homeless and otherwise qualified to vote in Delaware, you may register by completing the proper registration form. If registering in-person you must provide two pieces of identification containing your name. Additionally, one of the pieces must include the address that you listed on the application. The address can be a shelter, agency or another location where you receive your mail.
Use Delaware's Online Registration System
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Call the Department's Office for your county and ask them to mail you an application.
Military and overseas citizens can fill out an application using Delaware's Online Registration System or at the FVAP WEB Site and then mail, email or fax the application to the Department's Office for your county.
At any of the Department's Offices..
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The deadline to register to vote and other events are available in our Election Calendar.
To register to vote before the deadline.
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Complete the request online.
Or print this form , fill it out, and return it to the Department's Office for your county.
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Print this form , fill it out, and return it to the Department's Office for your county.
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text:
Q: How to set validation on Phone number in PHP This is my code:
I never set validation for phone number field, I try "/^([0-9]{3})-[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$/" this type of code for validation,
I enter text in the phone number field, they accept in backend
what can I do? for set validation for phone number field.
<!DOCTYPE HTML>

<?php
$nameErr = $phoneErr = "";
$name =  $phone = "";

$error = 0;
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") {
    // collect value of input field

     $name = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST['name']);
     $phone = htmlspecialchars($_REQUEST['phone']);

    if (empty($name)) {
        $nameErr = "* Name is required";
      $error = 1;
        // echo "Name is empty";
    }

    if (empty($phone)) {
        // echo "phone is empty";
        $phoneErr = "* Phone is required";
        $error = 1;
    }

}

function test_input($data) {
  $data = trim($data);
  $data = stripslashes($data);
  $data = htmlspecialchars($data);
  return $data;
}
?>

<form method="post" action="<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'];?>">

Login Form

  Name: <input type="text" name="name" onkeydown="return alphaOnly(event);" value="<?php echo $name ?>">
    <?php echo $nameErr?>

  Phone: <input type="text" name="phone" value="<?php echo $phone ?>">
     <?php echo $phoneErr?>

  <input type="submit">

</form>

I need to validate phone number in PHP, but the example do not work.
How can I set validation for mobile number

A: Sorry to answer an old post.
However, you can check if the number exists by calling a web service.
In this case, I found numverify.com, allowing to verify if a phone number exists.
After creating a free account (allows you to make 250 requests each month), you can invoke the following basic code in PHP:
// set API Access Key
$access_key = 'YOUR_ACCESS_KEY';

// set phone number
$phone_number = '14158586273';

// Initialize CURL:
$ch = curl_init('http://apilayer.net/api/validate?access_key='.$access_key.'&number='.$phone_number.'');
curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER, true);

// Store the data:
$json = curl_exec($ch);
curl_close($ch);

// Decode JSON response:
$validationResult = json_decode($json, true);

I have no idea if this is reliable, but it worked with my phone number and even retrieved the company carrier.

A: According to comments and example phone number that you given, this code will validating number of digits and first two numbers of your country, i just replaced + with 0, for sure they won't enter plus.
$tel = '091-9869123456';

if(preg_match("/^[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{10}$/", $tel)) {
    echo "valid";
} else {
    echo "invalid";
}

Now for more validating need to check country code:
if(substr($tel, 0, 3) == '091'){
    echo "valid";
} else {
    echo "invalid, it should start with 091";
}

Or you do this with same preg_match like this:
if(preg_match("/^[091]{3}-[0-9]{10}$/", $tel)) {
    echo "valid";
} else {
    echo "invalid";
}

Demo

A: Why do you need to validate phone number using php?
You can do it using JS as shown below.
if (/^\+[-0-9]{6,20}$/.test(phoneNumber) == false) {
      alert('Wrong Phone Number format. Only numbers,+ and - are allowed. Format: \<Country Code\>\<Phone number\> Eg: +9199999999, +1-105-893-9334 etc');
    return;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Frozen Yoghurts
Chocolate Making Process
Buy Chocolates
Kent Office
Salcombe Dairy
Welcome to Salcombe Dairy South East, our sister company located in Tonbridge Kent, who looks after product sales in the South East and London areas.
Our South East office is headed up by self-confessed foodies Nick and Ginny Boscawen, who share our passion for fine food and excellent service. Nick and Ginny are related to the Tregothnan estate in Cornwall, growers of English tea. They are supported by a dedicated and professional team of people who are equally as passionate about our ice creams, sorbets and frozen yoghurts. Together they look after marketing, sales and distribution in the South East extending as far as Southampton, Oxford and Cambridge.
Our South East office is located just outside the beautiful market town of Tonbridge, Kent. Just 30 miles from South East London, they are ideally situated to serve the South East and London areas. A perfect complement to our South West office based in Salcombe, Devon.
Our South East office stock and sell our full range of award winning ice creams, sorbets and frozen yoghurts. We always source the best quality ingredients we can find, and wherever possible as locally as we can. But in the case of ingredients such as vanilla it has to be Madagascan, and our Alphonso Mangos come from India. We will not compromise on quality. Our products are all natural, egg free and gluten free. Our sorbets are suitable for vegans.
Christmas at Salcombe Dairy
The Elves have been busy in Salcombe Dairy's Island Street factory this December creating alchemistic new ice cream and chocolate flavours. To complement our existing Christmas bestseller portfolio of Baileys, Devon Cream, Brandy Butter as well as Christmas pudding...
Dark Chocolate With Cacao Nibs
70% Organic Peruvian Cacao
Sign up to our newsletter here to keep up with our latest news, products and enter our monthly draw.
© 2018 Salcombe Dairy Ltd, Shadycombe Road, Salcombe, Devon, TQ8 8DX
/* ----------------------------------------- */ /* View slug: footer-featured-product-view - start */ /* ----------------------------------------- */ .tw-foot-blog { color:#fff; line-height: 1.6em; font-size: 14px; } .tw-foot-blog h2 { font-size:24px; color:#fff; } .more-link { float: right; font-family: 'Cinzel',Georgia,"Times New Roman",serif; color: #a7976f; font-size: 18px; margin-top: 20px; } /* ----------------------------------------- */ /* View slug: footer-featured-product-view - end */ /* ----------------------------------------- */


text:
#ifndef TIGHTDB_COLUMN_BASIC_TPL_HPP
#define TIGHTDB_COLUMN_BASIC_TPL_HPP

// Todo: It's bad design (headers are entangled) that a Column uses query_engine.hpp which again uses Column.
// It's the aggregate() method that calls query_engine, and a quick fix (still not optimal) could be to create
// the call and include inside float and double's .cpp files.
#include <tightdb/query_engine.hpp>

namespace tightdb {

// Predeclarations from query_engine.hpp
class ParentNode;
template<class T, class F> class FloatDoubleNode;
template<class T> class SequentialGetter;

template<class T>
BasicColumn<T>::BasicColumn(Allocator& alloc, ref_type ref)
{
    char* header = alloc.translate(ref);
    bool root_is_leaf = !Array::get_is_inner_bptree_node_from_header(header);
    if (root_is_leaf) {
        BasicArray<T>* root = new BasicArray<T>(alloc); // Throws
        root->init_from_mem(MemRef(header, ref));
        m_array = root;
    }
    else {
        Array* root = new Array(alloc); // Throws
        root->init_from_mem(MemRef(header, ref));
        m_array = root;
    }
}

template<class T>
BasicColumn<T>::~BasicColumn() TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT
{
    if (root_is_leaf()) {
        delete static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array);
    }
    else {
        delete m_array;
    }
}

template<class T>
inline std::size_t BasicColumn<T>::size() const TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT
{
    if (root_is_leaf())
        return m_array->size();
    return m_array->get_bptree_size();
}

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::clear()
{
    if (!m_array->is_inner_bptree_node()) {
        static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->clear(); // Throws
        return;
    }

    // Revert to generic array
    util::UniquePtr<BasicArray<T> > array;
    array.reset(new BasicArray<T>(m_array->get_alloc())); // Throws
    array->create(); // Throws
    array->set_parent(m_array->get_parent(), m_array->get_ndx_in_parent());
    array->update_parent(); // Throws

    // Remove original node
    m_array->destroy_deep();
    delete m_array;

    m_array = array.release();
}

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::move_last_over(std::size_t target_row_ndx, std::size_t last_row_ndx)
{
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(target_row_ndx < last_row_ndx);
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(last_row_ndx + 1 == size());

    T value = get(last_row_ndx);
    set(target_row_ndx, value); // Throws

    bool is_last = true;
    erase(last_row_ndx, is_last); // Throws
}

template<class T>
T BasicColumn<T>::get(std::size_t ndx) const TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT
{
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(ndx < size());
    if (root_is_leaf())
        return static_cast<const BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->get(ndx);

    std::pair<MemRef, std::size_t> p = m_array->get_bptree_leaf(ndx);
    const char* leaf_header = p.first.m_addr;
    std::size_t ndx_in_leaf = p.second;
    return BasicArray<T>::get(leaf_header, ndx_in_leaf);
}

template<class T>
class BasicColumn<T>::SetLeafElem: public Array::UpdateHandler {
public:
    Allocator& m_alloc;
    const T m_value;
    SetLeafElem(Allocator& alloc, T value) TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT: m_alloc(alloc), m_value(value) {}
    void update(MemRef mem, ArrayParent* parent, std::size_t ndx_in_parent,
                std::size_t elem_ndx_in_leaf) TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        BasicArray<T> leaf(m_alloc);
        leaf.init_from_mem(mem);
        leaf.set_parent(parent, ndx_in_parent);
        leaf.set(elem_ndx_in_leaf, m_value); // Throws
    }
};

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::set(std::size_t ndx, T value)
{
    if (!m_array->is_inner_bptree_node()) {
        static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->set(ndx, value); // Throws
        return;
    }

    SetLeafElem set_leaf_elem(m_array->get_alloc(), value);
    m_array->update_bptree_elem(ndx, set_leaf_elem); // Throws
}

template<class T> inline void BasicColumn<T>::add(T value)
{
    std::size_t row_ndx = tightdb::npos;
    std::size_t num_rows = 1;
    do_insert(row_ndx, value, num_rows); // Throws
}

template<class T> inline void BasicColumn<T>::insert(std::size_t row_ndx, T value)
{
    std::size_t size = this->size(); // Slow
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(row_ndx <= size);
    std::size_t row_ndx_2 = row_ndx == size ? tightdb::npos : row_ndx;
    std::size_t num_rows = 1;
    do_insert(row_ndx_2, value, num_rows); // Throws
}

// Implementing pure virtual method of ColumnBase.
template<class T>
inline void BasicColumn<T>::insert(std::size_t row_ndx, std::size_t num_rows, bool is_append)
{
    std::size_t row_ndx_2 = is_append ? tightdb::npos : row_ndx;
    T value = T();
    do_insert(row_ndx_2, value, num_rows); // Throws
}

template<class T>
bool BasicColumn<T>::compare(const BasicColumn& c) const
{
    std::size_t n = size();
    if (c.size() != n)
        return false;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i != n; ++i) {
        T v_1 = get(i);
        T v_2 = c.get(i);
        if (v_1 != v_2)
            return false;
    }
    return true;
}

template<class T>
class BasicColumn<T>::EraseLeafElem: public ColumnBase::EraseHandlerBase {
public:
    EraseLeafElem(BasicColumn<T>& column) TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT:
        EraseHandlerBase(column) {}
    bool erase_leaf_elem(MemRef leaf_mem, ArrayParent* parent,
                         std::size_t leaf_ndx_in_parent,
                         std::size_t elem_ndx_in_leaf) TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        BasicArray<T> leaf(get_alloc());
        leaf.init_from_mem(leaf_mem);
        leaf.set_parent(parent, leaf_ndx_in_parent);
        TIGHTDB_ASSERT(leaf.size() >= 1);
        std::size_t last_ndx = leaf.size() - 1;
        if (last_ndx == 0)
            return true;
        std::size_t ndx = elem_ndx_in_leaf;
        if (ndx == npos)
            ndx = last_ndx;
        leaf.erase(ndx); // Throws
        return false;
    }
    void destroy_leaf(MemRef leaf_mem) TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        Array::destroy(leaf_mem, get_alloc()); // Shallow
    }
    void replace_root_by_leaf(MemRef leaf_mem) TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        BasicArray<T>* leaf = new BasicArray<T>(get_alloc()); // Throws
        leaf->init_from_mem(leaf_mem);
        replace_root(leaf); // Throws, but accessor ownership is passed to callee
    }
    void replace_root_by_empty_leaf() TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        util::UniquePtr<BasicArray<T> > leaf;
        leaf.reset(new BasicArray<T>(get_alloc())); // Throws
        leaf->create(); // Throws
        replace_root(leaf.release()); // Throws, but accessor ownership is passed to callee
    }
};

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::erase(std::size_t ndx, bool is_last)
{
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(ndx < size());
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(is_last == (ndx == size()-1));

    if (!m_array->is_inner_bptree_node()) {
        static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->erase(ndx); // Throws
        return;
    }

    size_t ndx_2 = is_last ? npos : ndx;
    EraseLeafElem erase_leaf_elem(*this);
    Array::erase_bptree_elem(m_array, ndx_2, erase_leaf_elem); // Throws
}

template<class T> class BasicColumn<T>::CreateHandler: public ColumnBase::CreateHandler {
public:
    CreateHandler(Allocator& alloc): m_alloc(alloc) {}
    ref_type create_leaf(std::size_t size) TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        MemRef mem = BasicArray<T>::create_array(size, m_alloc); // Throws
        T* tp = reinterpret_cast<T*>(Array::get_data_from_header(mem.m_addr));
        std::fill(tp, tp + size, T());
        return mem.m_ref;
    }
private:
    Allocator& m_alloc;
};

template<class T> ref_type BasicColumn<T>::create(Allocator& alloc, std::size_t size)
{
    CreateHandler handler(alloc);
    return ColumnBase::create(alloc, size, handler);
}

template<class T> class BasicColumn<T>::SliceHandler: public ColumnBase::SliceHandler {
public:
    SliceHandler(Allocator& alloc): m_leaf(alloc) {}
    MemRef slice_leaf(MemRef leaf_mem, size_t offset, size_t size,
                      Allocator& target_alloc) TIGHTDB_OVERRIDE
    {
        m_leaf.init_from_mem(leaf_mem);
        return m_leaf.slice(offset, size, target_alloc); // Throws
    }
private:
    BasicArray<T> m_leaf;
};

template<class T> ref_type BasicColumn<T>::write(size_t slice_offset, size_t slice_size,
                                                 size_t table_size, _impl::OutputStream& out) const
{
    ref_type ref;
    if (root_is_leaf()) {
        Allocator& alloc = Allocator::get_default();
        BasicArray<T>* leaf = static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array);
        MemRef mem = leaf->slice(slice_offset, slice_size, alloc); // Throws
        Array slice(alloc);
        _impl::DeepArrayDestroyGuard dg(&slice);
        slice.init_from_mem(mem);
        size_t pos = slice.write(out); // Throws
        ref = pos;
    }
    else {
        SliceHandler handler(get_alloc());
        ref = ColumnBase::write(m_array, slice_offset, slice_size,
                                table_size, handler, out); // Throws
    }
    return ref;
}

template<class T> void BasicColumn<T>::refresh_accessor_tree(std::size_t, const Spec&)
{
    // The type of the cached root array accessor may no longer match the
    // underlying root node. In that case we need to replace it. Note that when
    // the root node is an inner B+-tree node, then only the top array accessor
    // of that node is cached. The top array accessor of an inner B+-tree node
    // is of type Array.

    ref_type root_ref = m_array->get_ref_from_parent();
    MemRef root_mem(root_ref, m_array->get_alloc());
    bool new_root_is_leaf = !Array::get_is_inner_bptree_node_from_header(root_mem.m_addr);
    bool old_root_is_leaf = !m_array->is_inner_bptree_node();

    bool root_type_changed = old_root_is_leaf != new_root_is_leaf;
    if (!root_type_changed) {
        // Keep, but refresh old root accessor
        if (old_root_is_leaf) {
            // Root is leaf
            BasicArray<T>* root = static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array);
            root->init_from_parent();
            return;
        }
        // Root is inner node
        Array* root = m_array;
        root->init_from_parent();
        return;
    }

    // Create new root accessor
    Array* new_root;
    Allocator& alloc = m_array->get_alloc();
    if (new_root_is_leaf) {
        // New root is leaf
        BasicArray<T>* root = new BasicArray<T>(alloc); // Throws
        root->init_from_mem(root_mem);
        new_root = root;
    }
    else {
        // New root is inner node
        Array* root = new Array(alloc); // Throws
        root->init_from_mem(root_mem);
        new_root = root;
    }
    new_root->set_parent(m_array->get_parent(), m_array->get_ndx_in_parent());

    // Destroy old root accessor
    if (old_root_is_leaf) {
        // Old root is leaf
        BasicArray<T>* old_root = static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array);
        delete old_root;
    }
    else {
        // Old root is inner node
        Array* old_root = m_array;
        delete old_root;
    }

    // Instate new root
    m_array = new_root;
}

#ifdef TIGHTDB_DEBUG

template<class T>
std::size_t BasicColumn<T>::verify_leaf(MemRef mem, Allocator& alloc)
{
    BasicArray<T> leaf(alloc);
    leaf.init_from_mem(mem);
    leaf.Verify();
    return leaf.size();
}

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::Verify() const
{
    if (root_is_leaf()) {
        static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->Verify();
        return;
    }

    m_array->verify_bptree(&BasicColumn<T>::verify_leaf);
}

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::to_dot(std::ostream& out, StringData title) const
{
    ref_type ref = m_array->get_ref();
    out << "subgraph cluster_basic_column" << ref << " {\n";
    out << " label = \"Basic column";
    if (title.size() != 0)
        out << "\\n'" << title << "'";
    out << "\";\n";
    tree_to_dot(out);
    out << "}\n";
}

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::leaf_to_dot(MemRef leaf_mem, ArrayParent* parent, std::size_t ndx_in_parent,
                                 std::ostream& out) const
{
    BasicArray<T> leaf(m_array->get_alloc());
    leaf.init_from_mem(leaf_mem);
    leaf.set_parent(parent, ndx_in_parent);
    leaf.to_dot(out);
}

template<class T>
inline void BasicColumn<T>::leaf_dumper(MemRef mem, Allocator& alloc, std::ostream& out, int level)
{
    BasicArray<T> leaf(alloc);
    leaf.init_from_mem(mem);
    int indent = level * 2;
    out << std::setw(indent) << "" << "Basic leaf (size: "<<leaf.size()<<")\n";
}

template<class T>
inline void BasicColumn<T>::do_dump_node_structure(std::ostream& out, int level) const
{
    m_array->dump_bptree_structure(out, level, &leaf_dumper);
}

#endif // TIGHTDB_DEBUG

template<class T>
std::size_t BasicColumn<T>::find_first(T value, std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) const
{
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(begin <= size());
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(end == npos || (begin <= end && end <= size()));

    if (root_is_leaf())
        return static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->
            find_first(value, begin, end); // Throws (maybe)

    // FIXME: It would be better to always require that 'end' is
    // specified explicitely, since Table has the size readily
    // available, and Array::get_bptree_size() is deprecated.
    if (end == npos)
        end = m_array->get_bptree_size();

    std::size_t ndx_in_tree = begin;
    while (ndx_in_tree < end) {
        std::pair<MemRef, std::size_t> p = m_array->get_bptree_leaf(ndx_in_tree);
        BasicArray<T> leaf(m_array->get_alloc());
        leaf.init_from_mem(p.first);
        std::size_t ndx_in_leaf = p.second;
        std::size_t leaf_offset = ndx_in_tree - ndx_in_leaf;
        std::size_t end_in_leaf = std::min(leaf.size(), end - leaf_offset);
        std::size_t ndx = leaf.find_first(value, ndx_in_leaf, end_in_leaf); // Throws (maybe)
        if (ndx != not_found)
            return leaf_offset + ndx;
        ndx_in_tree = leaf_offset + end_in_leaf;
    }

    return not_found;
}

template<class T>
void BasicColumn<T>::find_all(Column &result, T value, std::size_t begin, std::size_t end) const
{
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(begin <= size());
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(end == npos || (begin <= end && end <= size()));

    if (root_is_leaf()) {
        std::size_t leaf_offset = 0;
        static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->find_all(&result, value, leaf_offset, begin, end); // Throws
        return;
    }

    // FIXME: It would be better to always require that 'end' is
    // specified explicitely, since Table has the size readily
    // available, and Array::get_bptree_size() is deprecated.
    if (end == npos)
        end = m_array->get_bptree_size();

    std::size_t ndx_in_tree = begin;
    while (ndx_in_tree < end) {
        std::pair<MemRef, std::size_t> p = m_array->get_bptree_leaf(ndx_in_tree);
        BasicArray<T> leaf(m_array->get_alloc());
        leaf.init_from_mem(p.first);
        std::size_t ndx_in_leaf = p.second;
        std::size_t leaf_offset = ndx_in_tree - ndx_in_leaf;
        std::size_t end_in_leaf = std::min(leaf.size(), end - leaf_offset);
        leaf.find_all(&result, value, leaf_offset, ndx_in_leaf, end_in_leaf); // Throws
        ndx_in_tree = leaf_offset + end_in_leaf;
    }
}

template<class T> std::size_t BasicColumn<T>::count(T target) const
{
    return std::size_t(ColumnBase::aggregate<T, int64_t, act_Count, Equal>(target, 0, size()));
}

template<class T>
typename BasicColumn<T>::SumType BasicColumn<T>::sum(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end,
    std::size_t limit, std::size_t* return_ndx) const
{
    return ColumnBase::aggregate<T, SumType, act_Sum, None>(0, begin, end, limit, return_ndx);
}
template<class T>
T BasicColumn<T>::minimum(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end, std::size_t limit, size_t* return_ndx) const
{
    return ColumnBase::aggregate<T, T, act_Min, None>(0, begin, end, limit, return_ndx);
}

template<class T>
T BasicColumn<T>::maximum(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end, std::size_t limit, size_t* return_ndx) const
{
    return ColumnBase::aggregate<T, T, act_Max, None>(0, begin, end, limit, return_ndx);
}

template<class T>
double BasicColumn<T>::average(std::size_t begin, std::size_t end, std::size_t limit, size_t* /*return_ndx*/) const
{
    if (end == npos)
        end = size();

    if(limit != npos && begin + limit < end)
        end = begin + limit;

    std::size_t size = end - begin;
    double sum1 = sum(begin, end);
    double avg = sum1 / ( size == 0 ? 1 : size );
    return avg;
}

template<class T> void BasicColumn<T>::do_insert(std::size_t row_ndx, T value, std::size_t num_rows)
{
    TIGHTDB_ASSERT(row_ndx == tightdb::npos || row_ndx < size());
    ref_type new_sibling_ref;
    Array::TreeInsert<BasicColumn<T> > state;
    for (std::size_t i = 0; i != num_rows; ++i) {
        std::size_t row_ndx_2 = row_ndx == tightdb::npos ? tightdb::npos : row_ndx + i;
        if (root_is_leaf()) {
            TIGHTDB_ASSERT(row_ndx_2 == tightdb::npos || row_ndx_2 < TIGHTDB_MAX_BPNODE_SIZE);
            BasicArray<T>* leaf = static_cast<BasicArray<T>*>(m_array);
            new_sibling_ref = leaf->bptree_leaf_insert(row_ndx_2, value, state);
        }
        else {
            state.m_value = value;
            if (row_ndx_2 == tightdb::npos) {
                new_sibling_ref = m_array->bptree_append(state); // Throws
            }
            else {
                new_sibling_ref = m_array->bptree_insert(row_ndx_2, state); // Throws
            }
        }
        if (TIGHTDB_UNLIKELY(new_sibling_ref)) {
            bool is_append = row_ndx_2 == tightdb::npos;
            introduce_new_root(new_sibling_ref, state, is_append); // Throws
        }
    }
}

template<class T> TIGHTDB_FORCEINLINE
ref_type BasicColumn<T>::leaf_insert(MemRef leaf_mem, ArrayParent& parent,
                                     std::size_t ndx_in_parent,
                                     Allocator& alloc, std::size_t insert_ndx,
                                     Array::TreeInsert<BasicColumn<T> >& state)
{
    BasicArray<T> leaf(alloc);
    leaf.init_from_mem(leaf_mem);
    leaf.set_parent(&parent, ndx_in_parent);
    return leaf.bptree_leaf_insert(insert_ndx, state.m_value, state);
}

template<class T> inline std::size_t BasicColumn<T>::lower_bound(T value) const TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT
{
    if (root_is_leaf()) {
        return static_cast<const BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->lower_bound(value);
    }
    return ColumnBase::lower_bound(*this, value);
}

template<class T> inline std::size_t BasicColumn<T>::upper_bound(T value) const TIGHTDB_NOEXCEPT
{
    if (root_is_leaf()) {
        return static_cast<const BasicArray<T>*>(m_array)->upper_bound(value);
    }
    return ColumnBase::upper_bound(*this, value);
}

} // namespace tightdb

#endif // TIGHTDB_COLUMN_BASIC_TPL_HPP

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Mr. Lauri Vesalainen has been appointed as the new Head of the Itella Logistics Business Group. He will start working in the position on May 1, 2011. He moves to Itella from Nokia, where he has worked in various executive assignments since 1995. At the moment, he is globally in charge of material logistics at Nokia.
- Lauri Vesalainen brings valuable experience to Itella concerning the management of multinationals and advanced supply chain solutions which we need to further develop Itella Logistics and implement the strategy, says Jukka Alho, President and CEO.
- Moving to Itella is a very interesting opportunity for me. Experience has shown that competing in an international environment and world-class operations require an open-minded approach and inspiring ideas which we can together take further at Itella Logistics, says Lauri Vesalainen.
Itella Logistics Business Group operates in 8 countries: Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway, Latvia, Lithuania and Russia as well as globally through partners. It offers service logistics solutions to road, sea and air freight and warehousing. Itella Logistics has about 7700 employees and its net sales in 2010 were 677 million euro.


Trigger finger results from inflammation or swelling of the fibrous sheath that encloses the tendons. A tendon is a band of strong fibrous tissue that connects a muscle to a bone. The straightening mechanism hesitates for a few moments before the tendon suddenly overcomes the resistance. The finger then straightens with a sudden jerk or triggering motion.
What are the symptoms of a trigger finger?
Your doctor will review your symptoms with you and examine your hand and fingers. An x-ray will be ordered to evaluate the bones of your hand and fingers.
Your symptoms may be relieved with use of ice and anti-inflammatory medications. Your doctor may recommend a cortisone injection to reduce the inflammation of the tendon sheath.


Jon's painting "Reverie" was named the winner of the 2010 Timber Wolf Alliance Wolf Awareness Week poster contest.
Celebrate Wolf Awareness Week 2010!
Wolf Awareness Week is a time to recognize the importance of wolves as part of our natural systems. Each year, the third week of October is proclaimed Wolf Awareness Week across the Nation. Since 1990, TWA has produced educational wolf posters featuring original artwork. For Wolf Awareness Week 2010 Timber Wolf Alliance is producing one poster which will be distributed to schools, libraries, nature centers and interested citizens. Over thirty federal, state and tribal agencies and non-profit organizations from around the country from Alaska to Florida sponsor these materials and will distribute them to places and people, blanketing their own communities with information about wolves.


text:
Q: why does elo rating uses 400 and 10? I know how to calculate elo rating (in chess) and etc but why when it was made the inventor of elo rating decided to use constant $400$ and $10$ in expected score formula? The formula: $$ExpectedScoreA=\frac{1}{1+10^{(RactingB-RatingA)/400}}$$

A: I would assume the $10$ is just because we like computing powers of $10$. Then Wikipedia claims:

Elo suggested scaling ratings so that a difference of 200 rating points in chess would mean that the stronger player has an expected score ... of approximately 0.75.

And indeed, $\frac{1}{1+10^{-1/2}}\approx 0.7597$.
(If we'd started with a base of $e$ instead of $10$, the scale factor would probably have ended up as $200$ or $225$.)

A: Using base 10 the stronger player has ~ .7597 as pointed out above.
However using a base of 9 would give exactly = .75.   I wonder why he did not use 9?
Seems like a more intuitive way would be using a divisor of ~ .125 instead of 400.  That way everyone's rating would fall mostly between 0 and 1.  So use base of 9 and divisor of .125.
The strongest humans are ~2900. The strongest computers are ~3500. The weakest humans are ~100. So between 2900 to 100 there is a range of 2,800 - or 7 blocks of 400 each. But 1/8 is easier to count from 0 to 1 than in blocks of 1/7 (for decimal equivalents).
Edit -  OK - after thinking about this for a few weeks, I now realize the whole form of 1/(1+Base^(rating diff/divisor)) is mathematically wrong to begin with. Meaning that there is there is no base and divisor that gives the right answer. This form must have just been an approximation that Elo came up with in the era before computing power was trivial. Turns out the correct mathematical formula for probability is the normal distribution of rating difference divided by square root of 2 * standard deviation. In excel terms, (((Rb-Rb)/(SQRT(2)*std_deviation)),0,1,TRUE). That understanding comes from Elo's paper.


Mr. Juergen Fitschen has been Independent Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since May 9, 2018. He is Senior Advisor of Deutsche Bank AG. He is Chairman of the Executive and Nomination Committee and Member of the Finance Committee at the Company. He is Chairman of the Supervisory Board of CECONOMY AG and has served on the Board of Directors of Kuehne & Nagel International AG and Kommanditgesellschaft CURA Vermoegensverwaltung GmbH & Co. KG.
Mr. Rolf Buch serves as Chairman of the Management Board, Chief Executive Officer at Vonovia SE. He is responsible for transactions, general counsel, HR management, auditing, corporate communications, land management and sustainability. Before joining the Company in 2013, he was Member of the Management Board at Bertelsmann SE and Chairman of the Management Board at Arvato AG. During his time at Arvato, the company grew into a global BPO service provider with over 60,000 employees in more than 40 countries and became the fastest-growing division of Bertelsmann SE. He graduated in Mechanical engineering from Rheinisch-Westfaelische Technische Hochschule Aachen.
Prof. Dr. Edgar Ernst has been Independent Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since May 9, 2018. He was Interim Independent Chairman of the Supervisory Board from September 7, 2017 and Independent Member of the Supervisory Board from June 18, 2013. He is Chairman of the Audit Committee. He is President of the German Financial Reporting Enforcement Panel, Berlin.
Ms. Helene von Roeder has been Chief Financial Officer, Member of the Management Board of Vonovia SE since May 9, 2018. She is responsible for controlling, finance property evaluation, accounting, tax, insurance, central purchasing and Immobilien Treuhand at the Company. Prior to that, she worked for Credit Suisse as Chief Executive Officer Germany from 2014. She began her career at Deutsche Bank in London in 1995. She worked for UBS AG from 2000 to 2004 and at Morgan Stanley Bank AG. She studied theoretical physics in Munich and theoretical astrophysics in Cambridge.
Mr. Klaus Freiberg serves as Chief Operating Officer, Member of the Management Board of Vonovia SE. He is responsible for product management, IT, customer service, residential environment, technical service, engineering and the local rental business in various regions. In his various functions with Arvato Group (Bertelsmann) from 1995 until 2010 he supervised and optimized the service centers of Deutsche Post and Deutsche Telekom. His last position with Arvato Group was Chief Executive Officer. He completed his degree in history, social sciences and economics at Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster in 1990.
Mr. Daniel Joachim Riedl has been Member of the Management Board, Chief Development Officer of Vonovia SE since May 9, 2018. He is responsible for development in Austria, development in Germany and operating business in Austria.
Mr. Burkhard Ulrich Drescher has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since December 12, 2014. He is Member of the Audit Committee. He is Chief Executive Officer of InnovationCity Management GmbH and serves at STEAG Fernwaerme GmbH as Member of the Advisory Board.
Mr. Vitus Eckert has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since May 9, 2018. He is Member of the Audit Committee. He is a Lawyer. He is Chairman of the Supervisory Board of STANDARD Medien AG, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Adolf Darbo Aktiengesellschaft, Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Vitalis Food Vertriebs-GmbH and Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of S. Spitz GmbH.
Dr. Florian Funck has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since August 21, 2014. He is Member of the Audit Committee. He is Member of the Management Board of Franz Haniel & Cie. GmbH and Member of the Supervisory Board of TAKKT AG, METRO AG and CECONOMY AG.
Dr. Ute Geipel-Faber has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since November 1, 2015. She is Member of the Finance Committee. She is independent Management Consultant and serves at Bayerische Landesbank as Member of the Supervisory Board.
Mr. Daniel Just has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since June 2, 2015. He is Member of the Finance Committee at the Company. He is Chairman of the Management Board of Bayerische Versorgungskammer. He has served at RREEF Investment GmbH as Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board, at Universal Investment GmbH as Member of the Supervisory Board and at GLL Real Estate Partners GmbH as Member of the Supervisory Board.
Ms. Hildegard Mueller has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since June 18, 2013. She is Member of the Executive and Nomination Committee. She is Member of the Management Board of innogy SE. She has served at Dortmunder Energie- und Wasserversorgung GmbH as Member of the Supervisory Board, at envia Mitteldeutsche Energie AG as Member of the Supervisory Board, at NEW AG as First Deputy Chair of the Supervisory Board, at rhenag Rheinische Energie AG as Deputy Chair of the Supervisory Board, at Suewag Energie AG as Member of the Supervisory Board, at Stadtwerke Essen AG as Second Deputy Chair of the Supervisory Board and at EWG – Essener Wirtschaftsfoerderungsgesellschaft mbH as Deputy Chair of the Supervisory Board.
Prof. Dr. Klaus Rauscher has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since May 9, 2018. Prior to that, he was Independent Vice Chairman of the Supervisory Board. He joined the Company's Supervisory Board on August 1, 2008. He is Member of the Executive and Nomination Committee. He is an independent Management Consultant.
Dr. Ariane Reinhart has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since May 13, 2016. She is Member of the Executive and Nomination Committee. She is Member of the Management Board of Continental AG (Director of Human Resources and Director of Labor Relations).
Ms. Clara-Christina Streit has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since June 18, 2013. She is Chairwoman of the Finance Committee, Member of the Executive and Nomination Committee. She is independent Management Consultant and has been on the Board of NN Group N.V., Jeronimo Martins SGPS S.A. (Member of the Administrative Board) and Vontobel Holding AG (Member of the Administrative Board).
Mr. Christian Ulbrich has been Independent Member of the Supervisory Board of Vonovia SE since August 21, 2014. He is Member of the Finance Committee. He is Global Chief Executive Officer & President Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated.


Our WDX Barrel Washer effectively and gently washes fresh produce while removing soil and small stones. Produce can be partially or fully submerged during washing.
The WDX has the largest barrel diameter of all the Wyma Barrel Washers so it can handle large volumes of produce. Produce enters through the infeed chute which is above the tank rim, allowing maximum produce fill level.
As the perforated barrel rotates, vegetables rub against each other and against the barrel for a gentle clean. Auger blades provide increased produce churning for vigorous cleaning.
The outfeed elevator allows you to choose the outfeed height for your produce and it provides gentle handling. The outfeed scoop model has a set outfeed level but is a low maintenance option.
Drive frame supported on adjustable mounts to alter drum height. Change belt without removing barrel.
Water level sensor (with or without control) interconnects with water in-feed and dump valves. Optional manual winder with hose loop overflow*.
Water flow push system draws water from behind the elevator and improves produce flow onto the elevator belt*.
Wash jets on elevator to rinse produce with clean water on exit*.
Drive with single motor/gearbox and connection shaft between two drive pulleys. Stainless steel shaft for durability.
Heavy duty spherical roller bearings, in an easy to maintain arrangement, provide long life with minimal maintenance.
Alignment rollers operate against V-belt (radial alignment) and between the flanges of the belt channel (axial alignment), guarding the rollers against dirt.
Greasable and durable alignment rollers are positioned above the tank rim for easy access and maintenance.
Transfer lagoon isolates the elevator loading process for improved flow control. Surge barrier optional.
In-feed chute is integrated and set high (above tank rim line) allowing maximum filling of the drum with produce. Shaped chute entry for maximum produce fill potential. Chute angle at 30° into barrel cavity.
Auger blades provide a large degree of churning to facilitate vigorous cleaning. Interchangeable blades to select degree of churning.
Stainless steel outfeed gate with robust, adjustable mounting system to allow best alignment between gate, drum and frame panels. Hub can operate below water level.
Out-feed gate has easily adjustable sweep angle to minimise catch points.
Stainless steel top and side covers with perforated inserts to view/monitor operations and for hazard protection.
Access hatches improve access under barrel.
Tank cleaning pipes for thorough tank clean-out after draining the barrel*.
Lower lift height to remove/replace the drum.
Knife gate dump valves upgrade from standard butterfly for easy waste removal*.
Greasing access for the main barrel carrier bearings at tank rim level*.


The delicious soupe de crabe Perard from Le Touquet. Best enjoyed with rouille and croutons.
Ingredients: Water; Crab (20%); Fish Smoke; Tomatoes; Maize Starch; Salt; Natura Flavours; Herbs.
Allergy Information: No Gluten, No Wheat, No Dairy, No Meat, No Nuts, No Celery, No Onion, No Egg, No Soy, No Mustard, No Sesame, No Sulphur Dioxide, No Yeast included in the listed ingredients.
Produced by Perard du Touquet.


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Paradise beachwear is located in South Padre Island, Texas, and was founded in 1997. At this location, Paradise beachwear employs approximately 2 people. This business is working in the following industry: Clothing stores. Annual sales for Paradise beachwear are around USD 280,160.
How long has Paradise beachwear been in business?
Paradise beachwear has been in business for around 22 years.
What is the phone number for Paradise beachwear?
The phone number for Paradise beachwear is (956) 772-1717.
How big is Paradise beachwear?
Paradise beachwear generates approximately USD 280,160 in revenue annually, and employs around 2 people at this location.
Where is Paradise beachwear located?
Paradise beachwear is located at 2216 Padre Blvd, South Padre Island, TX 78597, USA.
Is there a primary contact for Paradise beachwear?
Hazizah Shalom (Owner) at Paradise beachwear.
Are there other contacts associated with Paradise beachwear?
We have 1 additional contact(s) for Paradise beachwear. They include: Jack Hazizah.
What is the web address (URL) for Paradise beachwear?
The website for Paradise beachwear is miragebeachwear.com.
What are the annual sales for Paradise beachwear?
Paradise beachwear has annual sales of approximately USD 280,160.
How many people are employeed at Paradise beachwear?
Paradise beachwear has around 2 employees at this location.