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Florida Personal Injury Firm
Click to Call CLICK TO CALL. Attorneys Always Available Email Us Tallahassee 850.222.3232or | Orlando 407.917.9697 | Jacksonville 904.222.3333
Fasig Brooks Unfiltered
Jimmy Fasig
Dana Brooks
Kimberly M. Hogan
Carrie E. Mendrick Roane
E. Rose Kasweck
Tony Fusco
Christopher J. Nicholas
Cycling Accident
Defamation, Slander, Libel
Distracted Driver Accident
DUI Accident
Ride-Sharing Accident
Women's Claims
Legal and Professional Malpractice
Auto Accidents FAQs
Q&A with Fasig Brooks
Medical Malpractice: The Preventable Death
By Fasig | Brooks
In 1999, The Institute of Medicine (IOM), a prestigious organization composed of doctors and scientists, made headlines by reporting that 44,000 to 98,000 hospital deaths in the United States every year were caused by "iatrogenic injuries" – which is medical speak for injuries caused by medical care providers.
Lawyers call that malpractice.
The IOM investigation made headlines partly because of the chilling metaphor it used to illustrate the significance of the death toll, equating it to over 400 jumbo passenger jets crashing each year, killing all on board.
The 1999 IOM study resulted in a few attempts to limit medical negligence, and a slew of books and papers suggesting patches and Band-Aids for hospital and medical procedures. Unfortunately, the only cause of medical malpractice that seems to have statistically declined over the years since the IOM study is "nosocomial" infections, which is a medical term for infections contracted from the environment or staff of healthcare facilities.
The Center for Disease Control (CDC) still estimates that as many as 99,000 deaths per year in U.S. healthcare facilities are directly caused by infections the patient developed while in the hospital, nursing home, rehabilitation center, or outpatient surgical suites. The improvement in percentages of patients who acquired nosocomial infections came about because the problem was publicized and, because of public outcry, systemic changes were made in many U.S. hospitals to reduce this largely preventable source of suffering and death.
Even before the IOM findings were published, studies were conducted by several groups that suggested the number of deaths linked to medical errors was substantially higher than previously believed. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services had conducted a study of the records of Medicaid patients in 1988, concluding that there were 180,000 deaths caused by medical errors among Medicaid patients that year! This only included patients who died in hospitals.
According to a more recent study published in Lancet, a leading British medical journal, it now appears that the death rate for medical errors in the U.S. may be nearer to 400,000 per year! This stunning figure does not take into account the number of patients who have been crippled, scarred, had limbs amputated, lost work time, and have been subjected to huge medical bills as a result of non-fatal medical errors.
The reason for the nearly four-fold increase in estimated annual deaths from medical malpractice since 1999 is not due to four times more malpractice. It is because there has been closer study and improved methodology for identification of iatrogenic deaths.
These astonishing numbers have now demonstrated injuries to be the third leading cause of death in America, behind only heart disease and cancer.
The primary reason that this epidemic of unnecessary deaths continues, according to the new study, is that the public and the families of most victims never learn that their loved ones were killed by medical errors.
This is because death certificates, which must be signed by doctors, do not have cause of death codes that include or indicate anything but the underlying reason a patient was being treated as the cause of death, Therefore, a patient who undergoes successful cardiovascular surgery, but dies later because an unnecessary post-surgical test perforated her liver and caused a fatal internal hemorrhage, is shown on the death certificate to have died of cardiovascular disease. The family never knows that the patient died from medical mistakes.
Only around three percent of people injured or killed by medical mistakes ever call a lawyer, file a suit, and boards of medicine often find no reason to investigate or sanction perpetrators. Legislatures are unaware of this epidemic because they are either misled or are more influenced by heavy lobbying from medical associations and insurance companies than by concern for healthcare recipients.
If this scandal is ever to be repaired, it has to begin with identification and proper documentation of the real causes of death and injury.
Human error will never be completely eliminated, but systems that are publicly shown to be broken can be repaired if there is sufficient public outcry.
To reduce the number of unnecessary deaths, it is first necessary to make them more visible. When the nature of a problem is well known and understood, safer systems can be designed, and defenses against common mistakes can be developed.
Currently, the vast majority of deaths and injuries caused by medical errors are not accurately reported and useful discussions on how to mitigate this national tragedy are not taking place. Recognition of medical errors in patient death and injury would heighten awareness among regulations and the public, and would stimulate the advancement of proposed solutions and investment in research and prevention.
Laws that require investigation and accurate reporting of causes of death and unexpected injury in medical facilities would be a huge step in the right direction toward lessening the toll of this outrageous upsurge.
January 21, 2020 Dog Bites & Animal Attacks • Fasig | Brooks View Now
January 21, 2020 Alternative Dispute Resolution Techniques: Arbitration View Now
January 14, 2020 Alternative Dispute Resolution Techniques: Mediation View Now
January 9, 2020 Settlements • Fasig | Brooks View Now
Tallahassee & Orlando Personal Injury Attorneys
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Added Ogg Opus encoding format in Icecast 2 streamers.
Updated Ogg Vorbis libraries to the latest version.
Be careful when using the new Ogg Opus encoding. Currently it needs the system sample rate of LadioCast to be 48000 (default 44100). The system sample rate is NOT the encoding sample rate on the streamer windows but that in the preferences panel. Also changing the values in the preferences panel needs LadioCast to be restarted. This Ogg Opus encoding implementation is in a testing state.
As always please let me know if you have any trouble.


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Eric Stallmer
President, Commercial Spaceflight Federation
Full Biography
Eric Stallmer is the President of the Commercial Spaceflight Federation. CSF is the largest trade organization dedicated to promoting the development of commercial spaceflight, pursuing ever-higher levels of safety and sharing best practices and expertise throughout the industry. Under Stallmer's leadership, CSF has worked tirelessly to craft the modern Commercial Space Launch Act, as well as to promote innovation as a national policy to spur the economy and create high technology jobs. In addition, CSF works to develop industry standards and encourages further growth in the commercial spaceflight industry. Stallmer has been recently appointed to the National Space Council User Advisory Group (UAG), where he has provided testimony at the 2nd National Space Council meeting. He serves as co-chair of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airspace Integration Aviation Rulemaking Committee (ARC) and is a member of the Space Launch and Reentry ARC and the Spaceport ARC. Stallmer is also a member of the FAA's Commercial Space Transportation Advisory Committee (COMSTAC). Before working at CSF, Stallmer served as the Vice President of Government Relations at Analytical Graphics Inc. (AGI). Stallmer joined AGI in 2002. While there, Stallmer oversaw all Washington Operations and represented AGI's commercial off-the-shelf products and technology to defense, intelligence, Congress and civil government sectors within the aerospace industry. For more than two decades, Stallmer has served as an Officer in the United States Army and Army Reserves. He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious service while engaged in combat operations during Operation Iraqi Freedom. He is currently assigned to the Pentagon in the office of the Deputy Chief of Staff Army for Logistics, G-4.
Over the Horizon: A New Era for Canada-U.S. Space Cooperation?
On Friday, September 7, 2018 at 8:00 – 3:45 ET

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


MUMBAI: The Indian pharmaceutical market has for the first time crossed the Rs 100000 crore mark in November when calculated on the basis of Moving Annual Total (MAT), said IMS Health, a global pharmaceutical market research firm.
On an average over the last three years, Indian pharmaceutical market has grown by 12%. Almost 38% of the market was dominated by drugs that treat infections, heart ailments and patients with gastro-intestinal issues. IMS report said in November, Indian market was at Rs 100115 crore, of which the retail sector was valued at Rs 84279 crore.
Sun Pharma remained at the top of the list of drug companies with a market share of 8%, followed by Abbott with a share of 6.1%. Cipla trailed at 5.4% but grew higher than its top peers showing growth of 16% during the month. Mankind Pharma has jumped past its traditional rivals to secure the fourth position with a market share of 3.7%, standing above Alkem, GlaxoSmithKline and Zydus Cadila.
Mixtard, a popular insulin marketed by Abbott, continued to hold the position of the largest brand for the month followed by Pfizer cough syrup Corex and Glycomet-gp, a diabetes brand of USV.


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Diary: Novak Djokovic shows off new service motion in win at Kooyong Classic
Stuart Fraser, Tennis Writer, Melbourne
January 10 2018, 9:00am, The Times
Djokovic looked comfortable as he beat Thiem 6-1, 6-4Julian Smith/EPA
Novak Djokovic made a successful return in his first match since Wimbledon last July, defeating Dominic Thiem 6-1, 6-4 at the Kooyong Classic exhibition. The six-times Australian Open champion showed off his new abbreviated service motion for the first time - the racket take-back is not as long as before - which was introduced to put less stress on his right elbow. It certainly proved effective, with Djokovic comfortably hitting his targeted spots and racking up several aces. "It was a fantastic test for me to see where I am, to see what we have done as a team in the off-season, whether it works or not on the court," the Serbian said. "It works pretty well, especially the serve."
Watson impressing in Hobart
Watson will face Vekic in the quarter-finalRobert Cianflone/Getty Images


text:
from aiohttp.test_utils import AioHTTPTestCase, BaseTestServer, unittest_run_loop
from aiosparql.client import SPARQLClient
from aiosparql.syntax import IRI

__all__ = ["unittest_run_loop", "AioSPARQLTestCase", "TestSPARQLClient"]

class TestSPARQLClient:
    def __init__(self, server, *, cookie_jar=None, loop=None, **kwargs):
        if not isinstance(server, BaseTestServer):
            raise TypeError(
                "server must be web.Application TestServer "
                "instance, found type: %r" % type(server)
            )
        self._server = server
        self._loop = loop
        self._client_kwargs = kwargs
        self._session = None
        self._closed = False

    async def start_server(self):
        await self._server.start_server(loop=self._loop)
        kwargs = dict(self._client_kwargs)
        if kwargs.get("endpoint"):
            kwargs["endpoint"] = self.make_url(kwargs["endpoint"])
        if kwargs.get("update_endpoint"):
            kwargs["update_endpoint"] = self.make_url(kwargs["update_endpoint"])
        if kwargs.get("crud_endpoint"):
            kwargs["crud_endpoint"] = self.make_url(kwargs["crud_endpoint"])
        self._session = SPARQLClient(loop=self._loop, **kwargs)

    @property
    def host(self):
        return self._server.host  # pragma nocover

    @property
    def port(self):
        return self._server.port  # pragma nocover

    @property
    def server(self):
        return self._server  # pragma nocover

    @property
    def session(self):
        if self._session is None:
            raise RuntimeError(
                "Trying to access SPARQLClient before the " "server has started"
            )  # pragma nocover
        return self._session

    def make_url(self, path):
        return str(self._server.make_url(path))

    def query(self, query, *args, **keywords):
        return self.session.query(query, *args, **keywords)

    def update(self, query, *args, **keywords):
        return self.session.update(query, *args, **keywords)

    def get(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.session.get(*args, **kwargs)

    def put(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.session.put(*args, **kwargs)

    def delete(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.session.delete(*args, **kwargs)

    def post(self, *args, **kwargs):
        return self.session.post(*args, **kwargs)

    async def close(self):
        if not self._closed:
            await self._session.close()
            await self._server.close()
            self._closed = True

class AioSPARQLTestCase(AioHTTPTestCase):
    client_kwargs = {
        "endpoint": "/sparql",
        "graph": IRI("http://mu.semte.ch/test-application"),
    }

    async def get_client(self, server):
        return TestSPARQLClient(server, loop=self.loop, **self.client_kwargs)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home > feature > MaryEliza > Social > Rev.Sr. Eliza released on Bail
Rev.Sr. Eliza released on Bail
December 02, 2011 feature, MaryEliza, Social
| by A Special Correspondent in Colombo
(December 02, Colombo, Sri Lanka Guardian) Rev. Sr. Mary Eliza is the first MC Sister to be imprisoned in the whole world, since Blessed Mother Teresa started the Congregation of Missionary Sisters of Charity, serving poorest of the poor. On Friday night 25th Nov. around 11.00 pm, some police officers and Officers from National Child Protection Authority had arrested the superior of the Convent, Rev. Sr. Mary Eliza and imprisoned her at Welikada Prison. There are nearly 760 Convents with 5040 Rev. Sisters of Mother Teresa serving in the whole world.
Very Rev. Sr. Prema MC, Superior General of the Missionary Sisters of Charity (Mother Teresa's Sisters) arrived on 27th November, in Sri Lanka, having heard that one of her Sisters, Sr. Eliza had been arrested by the Police and put her in the Weliikada Prisons. His Eminence Malcolm Cardinal Ranjith, the Archbishop of Colombo received her at the Katunayake airport. His Eminence conveyed that the Sri Lankan Catholic Church is deeply concerned about the arrest of Rev. Sr. Mary Eliza and the way National Child Protection Authority and the Police has acted to find out information about "Perm Nivesa".
On 23rd November. a team of National Children Protection Authority (NCPA) Chairman, Ms. Anoma Disanayaka along with some police officers had started investigating the children and mothers present in the Rawathawatta House, run by the Missionary Sisters. On 26Th night, police arrested the Superior of the Perm Nivasa, Sr.Eliza and two other sisters of the house, but when produced before the magistrate, Sr. Eliza was remanded and put on Welikada Remand Prison and the other two sisters were relased.Sr. Eliza was not allowed to take legal redress by keeping a lawyer when she was produced at the Magistrate's bungalow outside Colombo, in the night.
Rev. Sr. Johannes MC, Provincial of the Missionary Sisters in Sri Lanka, said that NCPA has closely working with the Prem Nivasa sisters re, children in the house to take care of them, and also have received relevant permission of the Department of Probation to look after these children. "We never involve in selling these precious lives of the children and never take money for any of our work. According to the laws of the country, children are given for adoption only through a legal procedure, but never sell their lives. Our sisters have asked permission of the prison officers to allow food to be given from the convent for remanded sister, but it was turned down and the sister is also put into the common apartment along with the other remand personnel, She further said.
The CID officers and Media went to "Prem Nivasa" on suspicion that they are engaged in child trafficking after receiving an anonymous tip via an emergency hotline. Some media reported that the Sisters have been selling children and one news paper published an article accusing the Rev. Sisters of selling the future of the country to foreigners for few thousand rupees. Through that article the writer is trying arouse the feelings and anger of the ordinary People.
Fr. Tyrone Perera, in charge of Rawatawatta parish, speaking to U-can.com said media reports to that effect were incorrect.
He said the place looks after, irrespective of religious and other differences, pregnant women, who had wanted to have abortions.
He said none of the children were sold, adding that adoptions are allowed with parents' consent and through court proceedings only.
IGP N.K. Illangakoon has said that there are no indications that a children's home at Rawatawatte in Moratuwa had conceal a child farm. He has told Neth FM Radio that no evidence has found so far to determine the place had sold small children as claimed, according to media reports.
Thousands of people are praying for justice and truth together with thousands of Missionary Sisters around the world. according to news published in international news agencies. The mission has seven more such places in the country – Shanthi in Matara, Apeksha in Galle, Daya in Kandy, Meth in Kurunegala, Karuna in Kurunegala, Anpaham in Vavuniya and Ataithillam in Jaffna., doing a noble service to the poor of the poorest people in Srilanka. The Colombo Magistrates Court on 28Th Nov. released Sister Eliza on bail who was alleged to have suppressed information to the National Child Protection Authority regarding two girls in the home, on Rs. 7500 cash bail with two sureties of Rs 50,000.


Our client works with some of the World's largest and most prestigious clients providing them with transformational culture change and leadership consulting to improve their business results. They have developed a fast growing reputation for delivering fantastic results.
As part of a growth programme for next year they looking to appoint a proven Account Director and Business development professional from the organisational / cultural change sector.
You will be responsible for taking the lead on developing a number of specific key corporate clients. Working at C-suite level you will manage and develop your client relationships and identify, scope and lead on crafting suitable solutions around leadership development and organisational /cultural change.
This is a superb opportunity for a senior sales professional to develop their career with a leading player in the leadership consulting sector.


text:
Sierra Booster
Letters to the Editor >
Old News Archive
Advertiser Press Releases
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Attorney General Kamala D. Harris Announces Over $2 Million in Grants to Fight Methamphetamine and Gang Activity in California
LOS ANGELES - Attorney General Kamala D. Harris today announced that the California Department of Justice has been awarded over two million dollars in federal grants to fight gang activity and the manufacturing and distribution of methamphetamine throughout the state. The grants were awarded by the U.S. Department of Justice's Community Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Office.
California DOJ received $1,499,814 from the COPS Anti-Methamphetamine Program and $747,629 from the COPS Anti-Gang Initiative.
"Methamphetamine is a dangerous drug that threatens the health and safety of our communities," said Attorney General Harris. "These federal dollars will support our statewide work to aid in the dismantling of criminal organizations and combat the deadly and violent impacts of this drug on our streets."
The Attorney General's 2014 report, Gangs Beyond Borders: California and the Fight Against Transnational Organized Crime, found that California is the primary entry point for methamphetamine smuggled into the United States, with as much of 70 percent of it entering through San Diego alone. From 2012 – 2013, California DOJ-led task forces confiscated 3,146 pounds of the drug.
The COPS Office is awarding more than $6.1 million under the COPS Anti-Methamphetamine Program to seven state-level law enforcement agencies dealing with high seizures of precursor chemicals, finished methamphetamine, and laboratories. The award will fund DOJ efforts to investigate illicit activities related to the manufacture and distribution of methamphetamine in California.
Under the COPS Anti-Gang Initiative, the COPS Office is awarding close to $5.8 million to nine multijurisdictional task forces to address gang activity. The initiative focuses on combating gang activity through enforcement, prevention, education, and intervention. This award aims to support multijurisdictional partnerships between federal, state, and local law enforcement to address all forms of gang activity.
The COPS Office is a federal agency within the United States Department of Justice responsible for advancing community policing nationwide.
Sierra County News
w Old News
Sierra Booster Newspaper
Loyalton, CA 96118
Email: jbuck@psln.com
Website Privacy Policy
©Copyright Sierra Booster - Sierra County News - Editorial
Website by Chamber Nation


text:
Q: CSS position absolute elements not aligning properly with their sibling elements I'm building out a custom Tooltip component in React that allows for rendering both to the right of the element as well as below it. I've decided to handle the functionality by having the Tooltip accept children which it then renders, and when those children are hovered the tip itself, positioned absolutely, will become visible through CSS classes. The effect works exactly how I want when the elements are stacked in a column and the tooltip is set to render to the right, but when the elements are laid out in a row with the tip rendering on the bottom, the tip itself becomes misaligned from the child its rendering -- the length of the tooltip text seems to offset it to the right.
Here's a codesandbox displaying the problem. You'll see that in the first state, when the elements are in a column, the tip is aligned perfectly. Click the button to toggle them into a row format and hover again to see that they are now misaligned:
https://codesandbox.io/s/busted-tooltip-obf0h1?file=/src/Tooltip.scss
How can I get the tips to align centered with their child element when I've chosen to have them render below it?
// Tooltip.jsx

import React, { useState } from 'react';
import './Tooltip.scss';

const Tooltip = ({ children, label, orientation = 'right' }) => {
  const [isHovered, setIsHovered] = useState(false);

  return (
    <div className={`Tooltip__Container ${orientation}`}>

 setIsHovered(true)}
        onMouseLeave={() => setIsHovered(false)}
      >
        {children}

      <div className={`Tooltip__Inner ${orientation} ${isHovered ? 'Visible' : ''}`}>
        {orientation === 'right' && <div className={`Tooltip__PointLeft ${isHovered ? 'Visible' : ''}`} />}
        {orientation === 'bottom' && <div className={`Tooltip__PointUp ${isHovered ? 'Visible' : ''}`} />}
        <div className={`Tooltip ${orientation} ${isHovered ? 'Visible' : ''}`}>
          {label}

  );
};

export default Tooltip;

/* Tooltip.scss */

@import 'src/styles/colors.scss', 'src/styles/typography.scss', 'src/styles/breakpoints.scss';

.Tooltip__Container {
  display: flex;
  position: relative;

  &.right {
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  &.bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

.Tooltip__Inner {
  display: flex;
  z-index: -1;
  position: absolute;
  transition: all .25s ease;
  opacity: 0;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;

  &.right {
    flex-direction: row;
  }

  &.bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
  }
}

.Tooltip__Inner.right.Visible {
  opacity: 1;
  left: 3.5rem;
}

.Tooltip__Inner.bottom.Visible {
  opacity: 1;
  top: 3.5rem;
}

.Tooltip__PointLeft.Visible {
  opacity: 1;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-top: 10px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 10px solid transparent;
  border-right: 10px solid $white-transparent;
  align-self: center;
  justify-self: center;
}

.Tooltip__PointUp.Visible {
  opacity: 1;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  border-left: 10px solid transparent;
  border-right: 10px solid transparent;
  border-bottom: 10px solid $white-transparent;
  align-self: center;
  justify-self: center;
}

.Tooltip {
  background-color: $white-transparent;
  padding: .75rem;
  border-radius: 3px;

  @include MainFont;
  color: white;
}

A: For quick solution, you can update the bottom class inside .Tooltip__Inner
with this:
  &.bottom {
    flex-direction: column;
    left: 50%;
    -ms-transform: translate(-50%, 0);
    transform: translate(-50%, 0);

  }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
WHISKEY ALLEY
Moose Nicholson
You kneidel try this!
Matzah Ball Soup prepared by Chef Chad at Whiskey Alley
Hanukkah is the 8 day Jewish Festival of Lights. We know there is a menorah, some dreidels, and 7 more days of fun than the Christmas celebrating Gentiles, but what most people may not realize is that it is not a religious, biblical, or mitzvah story. Hanukkah is actually a historical celebration of a battle victory. This is the Jewish version of 300!
In the 2nd Century BCE, the holy land was ruled by Syrian- Greeks, known as Seleucids and their army of 22,000. Lead by Judah the Maccabee, 800 - 1000 poorly armed Jews fought impossible odds and won their right to practice their Jewish beliefs. Jewish culture is well known for its rituals of purity, and after the battle had been won there was only a single cruse of olive oil that had not been tainted. What should have only been enough to keep the temple's menorah lit for a single day, miraculously lasted for 8 days. Thus giving us the eight day, historical celebration of Chanukah.
Historians suspect the true numbers were larger and possibly as many as 22,000 soldiers, and the author downplayed their strength in an attempt to explain the defeat. - Wikipedia
Even if Judah wasn't King Leonidas in this story, despite his dying at the Battle of Elasa, he may have been more of a William Wallace. Their rebellion started as a series of guerilla tactics until they built up a full army to revolt. Even though the battle wasn't a total victory, it did win them the peace to not believe in Zeus and the gang in order to follow the beliefs of their God.
Either way you look at it. Hanukkah is a shockingly inspiring story of battle!
Where Chanukah is a historical celebration, matzah is rooted in mitzvah (biblical commandments), and it is both the food of slavery and of freedom. Like many cultures, Jewish food is a reminder of its people, it's history, it's tragedies, it's forgiveness, and it's love. Food, especially in Jewish culture, tells the story of it's people. At the Seder, (a ritual service and ceremonial dinner) the food is a part of retelling the story of Exodus.
Matzah is unleavened bread, made without yeast, shortening or leavening agent. It was the bread the Jewish people were fed during their 400 years of slavery in Egypt. After enduring the many plagues and lastly the loss of their first born sons, the Pharaoh had granted the freedom of the Jewish people and granting them whatever they wanted as they left in an attempt to avoid any more death. With freedom secured, the Jewish people had hoped to prepare properly risen bread for the journey, but the Pharaoh had changed his mind and left the Jewish people with little time to flee, and they had to have the unleavened bread. Henceforth, it is food of Passover and forever a celebration of that Exodus.
Matzah - thin unleavened bread
"This is the bread of affliction that our fathers ate in Egypt. Let all who are hungry enter and eat; let all who are in need come and join in the Passover with us. This year [we are] slaves. Next year [may the slaves be] free." - Exodus retelling at the Seder.
Now we can fast forward again to some delicious soup.
Matzah may have started with the enslavement of the Jewish people, however, the soup is a much more modern creation, one of the 19th century.
While this bread used to come in all shapes and sizes, the whole matzo game changed when the automated matzo-making bread machine came into being in 1838. - ERICH BARGANIER [Mashed.com The True Origin Of Matzo Ball Soup ]
European cuisine had begun to include dumplings in far more dishes and it has been theorized that using crumbs from matzah to in order to use every bit of the food to make an entire other delicious dish.
Ironically, matzah ball soup is not a Passover dish by way of mitzvah, despite its main ingredient originating there. Some fear of gebrokts (yiddish - wetted matzah) may actually cause some leavening in pockets of flour left behind. In order for the bread to remain unleavened, it must be baked within 18 minutes of becoming dough to avoid any fermentation. It does, however, make a great Hanukkah dish.
Other great Hanukkah dishes include fried foods, it is a celebration of oil after all, such as latkes which is breaded with... you guessed it, matzah!
Latkes - Shaved potato and onion breaded with matzah
To most, matzah ball soup may just be Jewish chicken and dumplings. To the Jewish people it is a symbol of both slavery and freedom. It is a constant reminder of love, given by G_d and reciprocated by his people to all who are in need. It may be one of the original comfort foods. It is the embodiment of the love of culture celebrated in all the Chefs do at Whiskey Alley with their every changing daily specials menu. Food is more than sustenance, it is it's people and their history.
Why is Aiken's Cantonese Glazed Congee so special: Whiskey Alley
Call us: (803) 226 - 0579
eMail about large parties
Place and order
Join our birthday Club
Lunch: 11am - 2pm | Tuesday - Saturday
Dinner: 4pm - 9pm | Tuesday - Saturday
Brunch: 10am - 2pm | Sundays
227 the alley SW Aiken, SC 29801 In the Alley


text:
USA ( Español )
Digital transformation in government
The use of digital technologies in related topics to citizens may seem a difficult and even overwhelming objective, but it is the necessary means to maintain the preponderant role expected of public bodies
Be updated, subscribe to the OpenKM news
Written by Ana Canteli on October 15, 2018
In the digital transformation of public administration, the challenge is technological change, not technology. Digital technologies should be perceived as the means to redesign service processes so that the user's experience and their needs are the protagonists of the transformative effort.
Moreover, ICT governance in the public sector has a lot to say about it. It is about taking the data as the raw material with which appropriate decisions are made; and at the same time, these can be amortized by society through its continued use. How? To begin it is necessary to be clear about the public policy framework along with the digital government agenda of the administration, to then determine what information we need to feed the administrative processes in digital technologies - privacy policy, legal notice on web pages, social networks, and everything else necessary. This framework would be the first step required to convert the digital government of government agencies so that the data collected is aligned with the objectives proposed in the roadmap of the government transformation plan, into the preferred channel of communication of citizens and organizations with the public sector.
The path continues with the adherence of public employees to digital administration, to perform their tasks and improve the performance management & quality of public health care and other services offered. With the application of the most updated privacy policy (which implies the inclusion of the proper legal notice) or apply transparency policies in the internal functioning of the business of government and thereby improve the customer experience in public sector administrations.
This change requires effort, mainly internally. The best example of digital transformation in the public administration will not be the one with the best electronic siege, nor the most frequented FAQ section, nor the most recognized digital certificate; if not that in which the user experience is more satisfactory for digital citizenship. Public administrations must design their business models as part of a whole, in which other local government administrations work as the headquarters of a larger entity because of this.
Data collection and advanced analytics
The ability of Big Data to improve the services offered to citizens is a reality that public bodies do not ignore; in fact, its presence is a symptom of true digital government. The analysis and processing of large volumes of data are what will allow administrations to position themselves as a recognized entity that offers and can guarantee quality public services. It is necessary to reform the organizational culture of the entities to face this digital challenge in the administration because the digital revolution requires redesigning the public service of the future. Because if something characterizes public entities (or at least they are assumed) it is the role of the guarantor of public services that define a state and the quality of life of its citizens, and for this public administrations, it must be leaders in their scope of activity.
The use of digital technologies in related topics to citizens may seem a difficult and even overwhelming objective, but it is the necessary means to maintain the preponderant role expected of public bodies. If these entities have the obligation to stipulate the legal framework, norms and enforce them - through the legal notice, the privacy policy - to guarantee minimum levels of services but always upwards; they should use the current technological advances and the most advanced solutions to not only assume, but also fulfil the objectives of the electronic administration. The technological adaptation of the professional careers of the civil service sector is key in the digital transformation project. There is a lack of digital skills among staff: knowing the implications of the privacy policy, compliance with the legal notice, on the websites of public organizations or social networks of public administrations. These deficiencies are being addressed through various initiatives: from recycling and training programs to new hires.
The OpenKM document management system is being used by public institutions of various kinds at a national and even international level. With it, we offer training programs for end users, administrators, and developers. In this way, we believe that the acceptance, use, and amortization of the software are sought in the short, medium and long-term. The OpenKM document and electronic records manager offer a complete API and SDK's in Java, PHP, and .NET that allow the integration of the software in the network of administration programs; in addition to other components that are part of the open source document management system suite.
These components serve to tackle another problem that public administrations suffer, which are information silos and shadow technologies. OpenKM, thanks to the fact that it does not offer any technological barrier to integrate with third applications, favours interoperability and makes the software used as a front-end, as a container of data or information managed in other programs. The software development kits allow OpenKM to be applied as a platform of customized solutions that are developed according to the needs. Using the Webservices API in SOAP and REST OpenKM, it provides an interoperable platform to take advantage of the applications and repositories of the organization. Even the data warehouse can be configured for any database.
Protection and security
The OpenKM document management system consolidates the data created, collected and managed by the public administration in a single repository and includes security as an integrated element. The members of the organization must log into the system. All your activity is auditable through the Activity Log. Moreover, by defining roles and profiles the areas and functionalities that the user can use are determined. In addition, within the document manager you can define the security of each content independently (document, folder, record/file, or email).
OpenKM allows the control of the life cycle of the document by accessing the history of the file. In it, you can see the versions through which the document has passed, the authors. The user can download different versions to the current one. And also see the differences between versions highlighted, to see more easily the contributions of each author.
This functionality allows you to apply rules and procedures about specific events. The use of automatic tasks increases productivity by reducing the time of operations and improves quality by reducing the impact of possible human errors. Moreover, by obtaining a high degree of precision in the processes, costs are reduced. You can automate metadata capture and text extraction, document classification, automatic workflow execution, etc.
Workflows are used to automate the sequence of actions or tasks for the execution of a process. The OpenKM workflow engine is capable of creating and managing complex business processes, in addition to applying them in parallel or series.
Through this formula, the OpenKM document manager offers scalable designs, so that the administration expands the functionalities of the platform organically; as the project evolves.
The multitenant module is ideal for managing multiple instances hosted on the same server, separating content and creating custom environments that share the same system.
The barcodes module allows the identification and reading of barcodes, which thanks to the plugin architecture can be extended to new formats.
The e-mail file module allows the document manager to be used as a global e-mail custody system within the organization.
Electronic invoice module: The electronic invoice is the digital version of the traditional invoices, and they are legally equivalent to the paper version. OpenKM extracts invoices in "XML" format and stores them in addition to allowing other functions such as validating the invoice through digital signature, downloading it in PDF format or sending notifications.
Build your own apps
The management system of documents and electronic records of OpenKM offers a series of applications that facilitate the management of documents and records in many scenarios
Desktop Sync: allows users to synchronize or import folders and files between the OpenKM server and their local computer.
Microsoft Office Add-in allows extending the functionalities of the office suite and interacting with OpenKM in a fast and efficient way. Available for Outlook, Word, Excel, and PowerPoint
Electronic signature: OpenKM allows you to apply the digital or electronic signature to the documentation contained in the system. The digital signature client is designed to hold the user's digital certificate so that the user can enter documents in OpenKM at the same time they sign them, or select them from the electronic signature application.
Scanner: The scanner client captures images from the scanners and (optionally) converts them to PDF, uploads them to the manager and establishes values in the form of metadata.
If this configuration is not enough, the public administration will have the opportunity to create its own application, based on OpenKM's open source technology. The OpenKM platform is based on Spring Boot and BootStrap, designed to streamline the creation and maintenance of applications based on the Spring framework, with a high degree of flexibility and reliability. It offers a simple but complete platform to develop, implement and maintain Java applications.
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text:
We are open Monday – Friday 8:00A.M. - 4:00P.M
Closed Dailey 12:00P.M -12:30 for lunch
StrongArmPark DC 10 StrongArmPar DCS 10
Arm Length Max.
Up to 10 ft (3 m) standard length
Open/Close Time
3 speeds: 1.5/2/2.5 seconds. Field adjustable
Arm Design
Aluminum oval arm with bumper, lights, HyProtect™ breakaway arm bracket & kill switch (standard). Optional articulating aluminum arm with HyProtect™ breakaway arm bracket & kill switch; 7 ft clear/8 ft extended (2.1 m/2.4 m); 8 ft clear/10 ft extended (2.4 m/3 m); 9 ft clear/10 ft extended (2.7 m/3 m). Lights optional.
Continuous*
10, 12, and 14 ft (3, 3.7 and 4.3 m) standard lengths
MAX 2200 & 1500
HIGH TRAFFIC COMMERCIAL
BRUSHLESS DC SLIDING GATE OPERATOR
Security devices that move 2200 and 1500 lb. gates. Competitively priced.
Max 2200 and 1500 sliding gate operators are robotic DSP controlled machines that are perfect for use in high traffic gated communities, commercial/industrial applications and public storage facilities. They are capable of moving 2200 and 1500 lb. gates to a maximum gate length of 50 ft. While competitively priced, they offer the same reliable state machine design electronics, 24V brushless DC motor, robust features and ease of installation as Maximum Controls' higher end models. The Max 2200 & 1500's attractive cover and access doors are made of a quarter inch UV protected, high impact polyurethane material that offer years of non-fading and structural stability. It comes standard with a lockable cover for easy access that allows for quick servicing. Max 2200 and 1500 sliding gate operators are also compatible with existing installations and in most cases can be directly bolted onto concrete pads used by the most popular gate operators in the industry.
StrongArm 14F StrongArm 14F UPS
Up to 14 ft (4.3 m)
2 seconds to open; 3 seconds to close
Side mount. Aluminum oval arm with bumper, lights, HyProtect™ breakaway arm mount & kill switch
2,000 cycles/day
StrongArm 20 StrongArm 20 UPS
Up to 20 ft (6 m)* Side mount available for arms up to 18 ft (5.5 m)
Side mount - aluminum up to 18 ft (5.5 m), fiberglass up to 16 ft (5 m) or wood up to 14 ft (4.3 m). Center yoke mount - aluminum up to 20 ft (6 m)
StrongArm 28, StrongArm 28 UPS StrongArmDOT 28, StrongArmDOT 28 UPS
Up to 28 ft (8.5 m)*
Center yoke mount. Aluminum up to 24 ft (7 m), fiberglass up to 16 ft (5 m), or aluminum-fiberglass 26+ ft (8+ m)*
MAX MEGATRON 1400
HIGH TRAFFIC HEAVY DUTY COMMERCIAL
BRUSHLESS DC SWING GATE OPERATOR
True Security… DSP Motion Control…
The Max Megatron 1400 is capable of opening gates up to 1400 lbs./15 ft. or 1200 lbs./20 ft. Fast speed direct drive (no chains, belts, or pulleys) opens gate 90 degrees from 11.5 to 18 seconds based on weight of the gate and selectable speed control. The Megatron 1400 includes a Max BC-7 battery module with over 400 cycles in case of power failure. This operator is also compatible with existing installations and in most cases can be directly bolted onto concrete pads used by the most popular gate operators in the industry.
DKS add-on directories and light kits are an ideal supplement to DKS telephone entry systems. Add-on directories are typically used when electronic type directory systems are unavailable or don't make economic sense. Three different directory models are available to meet your specific application. LED light kits are typically used in applications were increased lighting on the telephone entry system or add-on directory is desired. LED lighting provides exceptional visibility allowing easy use of the system at night.
DoorKing provides a full range of telephone entry systems and accessories to meet your specific application requirements. The 1830 series (1833, 1834, 1835, 1837, and 1838) are PC programmable systems and include the DoorKing Remote Account Manager software. The 1802, 1803, 1808 and 1810 systems are ideal for basic stand-alone telephone entry control. The 1812 Classic and Plus, 1816, and 1820 Telephone Intercom Systems provide two-way communication and control of a door or gate through a residents telephones without the need of Central Office phone service.
The DKS Access Plus line (1808AP, 1810AP, 1812AP, and 1838AP) combines the essential features of our most versatile solutions with the ease and accessibility of computer programming and control. The powerful DKS Access plus Account Manager Software is included. This product line is a true "hybrid" access control and telephone entry system: It can be used as an auto-dialer telephone entry system, a "no phone line" telephone intercom system, or as a card access control system. Ideal for residential, small apartment, condominium, gated community, and business applications.
About Modems
Programming DKS telephone entry / access control systems using modem-to-modem connections (a modem and phone line at the programming PC) is becoming difficult to maintain. Modem performance is affected by the type of telephone service at the programming PC. There are also many variable factors that can affect the modem, including the brand and model of the programming computer, which OS (Operating System) version is in use, is the modem connected directly to the computer or through a USB hub, brand and chipset versions of the modem, modem driver updates, modem setup strings, etc. Existing modem-to-modem connections may become unreliable as telephone service providers update their systems and infrastructure. All of these factors are beyond the control of DoorKing.
UL 325
You should never install, or have installed on your property, a vehicular gate operator that does not carry the "MARK" of an NRTL such as ETL or UL. You should also be aware that NRTL's do not "approve" or "certify" products that they test. Manufacturers that use this terminology are incorrect in its usage. When a product is tested by an NRTL, and that product is found to be in compliance with the safety standard, then that product is said to be "LISTED" and the manufacturer receives a "MARK" and an "Authorization to Label" from the NRTL.
The standard to which vehicular gate operators are manufactured and tested to is U.L 325 - Underwriters Laboratories Inc., Standard for Safety: Door, Drapery, Gate, Louver, and Window Operators and Systems. In addition to the 325 standard, vehicular gate operators must also be tested to U.L. 991 - Tests for Safety-Related Controls Employing Solid-State Devices.
The U.L. 325 Standard has undergone significant revisions over the past several years. The main purpose of the revisions were to create entrapment protection criteria for vehicular gate operators, and to increase over-all safety of the product. The revised standard was first published September 18, 1998, and went into effect March 1, 2000. The key issues of the September 18, 1998 revision are as follows: Created different "classes" of vehicular gate operators. Requires a primary and a secondary entrapment protection device (30A.1.1). Defined the different types of entrapment protection devices than can be used for primary and secondary protection in a given class of operator. Requires an audio alarm to sound upon two sequential activations of an entrapment protection device not interrupted by an open or close limit device (30A.1.1A). Requires a renewed intended input in the line-of-sight of the operator once the entrapment sensing system detects a second sequential obstruction (30A.1.2b). Requires slide gates not to move greater than 1 ft/sec (30A.1.19). Requires the gate operator to have an integral means for manual operation (30A.1.20).
Consumer Product Safety Commission issues public service announcements on automated gate safety.
Safety is a very important factor when purchasing a gate system and should never be overlooked. Most automatic gate operators have an instant reverse motor, which allows the gate to reverse if it comes in contact with an object – unfortunately, the damage has already been done and something or someone has been unnecessarily injured! There are a few different ways you can remedy this situation. In addition to safety, many Fire Departments require emergency access devices to be installed when putting in an automatic gate system. These are just a few examples of the additional.
When looking for the right access control for your automatic gate system, you should first think of what type of capabilities are important to your application. Access controls can range from the simple receiver and transmitter set-up to more sophisticated systems with a keypad, intercom, or card reader.
The following are brands of gate operators that we highly recommend. They are manufacturers that have been in the industry for some time and are known to provide well-built, reliable gate operators. They can be used for either commercial or residential use depending upon usage, size and weight of your gate. HY- Security, Max- Megatron, Liftmaster.
donna@innovativeaccesscontrol.com
We are open Monday – Friday 8:00A.M. – 4:00P.M
5955 Hauck St #107,
© Innovative Access, LLC 2020


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Leslie Desmond Foster Vesey-Fitzgerald
Leslie Desmond Edward Foster Vesey-Fitzgerald MBE (born 7 June 1910 in Dunleer, Ireland; died 3 May 1974 in Nairobi, Kenya), was an Irish-born entomologist, ornithologist, conservationist, and plant collector.
In 1930 Vesey-Fitzgerald graduated to Bachelor of Science at the Wye Agricultural College of the London University. In 1932 he became Associate of the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad (AICTA). From 1933 to 1936 he conducted research work on biological control of insect pests on sugar cane in Brazil, British Guiana and the British West Indies. From 1936 to 1939 he did research on biological control of insect pests on coconut palms in the Seychelles, Madagascar and the coastal East Africa. In 1938 he married Rosalinda Octavia Hindson. From 1939 to 1941 he was entomologist at the Rubber Research Institute in Malaya.
From 1941 to 1942 he served with the Federal Malay States Volunteers. From 1942 to 1947 he worked as entomologist at the Middle East Anti Locust Unit in Sudan, Saudi Arabia and Oman. From 1947 to 1949 he was senior assistant game warden in Kenya. From 1949 to 1964 he worked as Senior Scientific Officer at the Anti-Locust Research Centre in Abercorn, Northern Rhodesia. .
In 1964 he became an ecologist and conservationist in the National parks of Tanzania where he experimented with an electric fence in the Arusha National Park. He further went on ornithological, entomological, and botanical surveys to Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Zambia, South Africa, the Mascarenes, the Seychelles, and Trinidad and Tobago. His plant collections are on display in the Natural History Museum, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, the Botanische Staatssammlung Munich, the NU Herbarium, University of KwaZulu-Natal, the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, and in the National Herbarium and Botanic Garden of Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
The Vesey-Fitzgerald's Burrowing Skink (Janetaescincus veseyfitzgeraldi) from the Seychelles is named in his honour.
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Famous quotes containing the word foster:
"Thatcher: You're too old to call me "Mr. Thatcher," Charles.
Charles Foster Kane: You're too old to be called anything else. You were always too old."
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As one of the largest coffee machine suppliers in the world, Tchibo is committed to helping you choose the best commercial coffee machine for your business. So, whether you're looking for coffee machines for catering, coffee machines for cafes, coffee machines for offices/meeting rooms, coffee machines for convenience stores or an industrial coffee machine that can meet high demands. We have the best deals for coffee machines to suit every business and exclusivity to partner Carimali in the UK.
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During the trading day starting from 20:00 (UTC+8) on September 21th, 2018, and ending at 20:00 (UTC+8) on September 22th, 2018, Bgogo collected a total of 672.47 ETH worth of trading fees. Bgogo completed the repurchase in the secondary market during the trading day starting at 20:00 (UTC+8) on September 22th, 2018, and ending at 20:00 (UTC+8) on September 23th, 2018. Bgogo repurchased 20,304,045 BGG tokens at an average price of 0.00003312 ETH.


The Charger is one of the best-known muscle cars in the US. Its base variation is not so interesting as its upper trims. Nevertheless, fans appreciate it and love. So, there is no doubt why news about the 2019 Dodge Charger is triggering a lot interest. The car is can be found in numerous versions, with the top of the class Hellcat SRT with the output of 710 hp. On the other hand, it can't be so fuel friendly, but owners of this vehicle do not care so much about it. The main point is that they get their preferred model in 2019 season.
The 2019 Dodge Charger in base variation features a V-6 unit. This is a 3.6-l Pentastar drivetrain capable to produce 300 hp. An 8-speed automated transmission and rear-wheel drive are basic. Also, purchasers will find 2019 Charger in AWD. The more potent engine is a 5.7-liter Hemi unit, with the output of 380 hp. The same transmission is paired with this powertrain. Another V-8 remains in the deal for the new 2019 Charger. Larger displacement by Hemi is all set to develop 500 horses and 480 pound-feet of torque. Finally, the Hellcat version becomes part of the lineup in 2019. Supercharged 6.2-liter V-8 can break 707 hp, however this number can raise for next edition of the pony car.
Dodge is preparing to introduce almost the very same trim level lineup for 2019 Dodge Charger. Entry-level vehicle certainly looks like SE. R/T is another specific model, as well as the Daytona. Other trims provided from these two are not so sure in the look in 2019 season. The SRT is leading of the class model. Yes, there is the Hellcat version for Charger and Challenger, but it another class with its massive output.
The cost of the base unit of the muscle car might amaze numerous. We still can't have the definite quantity, but some specialists predict a cost drop. The 2019 Dodge Charger could cost simply under $27,000. Nonetheless, higher trims cost more, some double this amount. Lastly, we have a 2019 Charger Hellcat whose expense could exceed $70,000.
18 photos of the "2019 Dodge Charger"


Today, we're excited to announce a new update to Portfolio, jam-packed with enhancements and new functionality. Each day we are driven by the belief that your success is our success. With that as our north star, this newest update to Portfolio makes it easier for you to bring all of your assets together so you can find them and use them quickly and effortlessly.
Individualized Settings for Smart Keyword Engines. Select the desired confidence level and number of descriptive keywords automatically returned for your assets for each of the category engines you've selected to use with each catalog.
Automated Smart Keywording at Time of Cataloging Assets. Have your image assets automatically keyworded as soon as you add new ones to your Portfolio catalogs. Your assets will be more findable from the get go without the labor-intensive effort.
Gallery Filter. Simply start typing into the Filter Galleries search bar to reveal the matching galleries you have.
Gallery Favorites. Star the galleries you want to keep track of and they'll stick to the top of your list so you can find and access them quickly.
Selected Folder Asset Display. Choose to see only the assets in a selected folder and not all of the content included in its subfolders.
Automated License Management. Never have to worry about minding your license information or manually entering it ever again. Portfolio now automatically manages all of your account's license information.
Learn about all of the updates in Portfolio 3.6 in the Release Notes.
Already using Portfolio and want to uplevel your usage to get the most out of your assets? Check out our Best Practices Guide.
For additional information on what's new with Portfolio, take a look at our most recent What's New at Extensis webinar.


text:
20/20 Movie Reviews Home
La presa di Roma (20 settembre 1870) (1905)
Director: Filoteo Alberini
Cast: Ubaldo Maria Del Colle, Carlo Rosaspina
Synopsis: Dramatisation of the capture of Rome by the newly-formed Italian army and the election of the city as the country's capital.
Rome 1870: A blindfolded General Carchidio is escorted from Ponte Milvio to General Ermanno Kanzler of the Papal Army. Carchidio issues an ultimatum to surrender to Kanzler which is refused, and a breach in the city walls is stormed by troops.
The original film was comprised of seven scenes lasting approximately fifteen minutes in total, and was the first film with a complex plot. The film recorded a crucial moment in the country's recent history: the capture of Rome by the newly-formed Italian army and the election of the city as the country's capital. It was produced with the co-operation of the country's Ministry of War.
The version I saw on the internet lasted only five minutes (which might be all that still exists) and had some descriptive intertitles (in Italian) and stills inserted to presumably fill in for the missing scenes. It's reasonably well made for its time, but the acting is very exaggerated and, without foreknowledge of what is going on the film, as simple as it is, is fairly difficult to follow.
(Reviewed 31st August 2009)
1905 – La Presa Di Roma
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© 2014-2017: Richard Cross


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Fashion & Fabrics
The Alchemy and Wonder of a Crystal Legacy
Arts, Living Spaces
Saint-Louis CEO Jérôme de Lavergnolle reflects on four centuries of crystal-making in an enchanting French forest
Writer J.H. White
If you're living in North America, it can sometimes be hard to understand the richness of brands from across the Atlantic that have a longer history than your own country. Of course, you can recognize the unparalleled external qualities — the workmanship, the design. But what might be less visible, and often forgotten, is the timeless spirit of these brands — their values, their essence.
Cristallerie Royale de Saint-Louis, a prestigious title bestowed by France's King Louis XV, was the first crystal manufacturer in continental Europe. With a history of over four centuries, its legacy is as alive today as it ever was.
Jérôme de Lavergnolle, CEO of Cristallerie Royale de Saint-Louis, started working with the famed crystal maker in 2010, but he feels its centuries-long legacy behind him. Photography by Gaëlle Didillon
"[One] must understand and learn the past, not to repeat the past but to imagine the future," says Saint-Louis CEO Jérôme de Lavergnolle.
Saint-Louis has a special soul, one that's infused day after day, century after century, into hand-crafted crystal objets d'art. It begins with respect and reverence for craftsmanship, quality, and beauty — the hallmarks of French culture.
When that rich heritage was under attack during the First World War, Britain came to France's aid. The cristallerie would never forget such fidelity.
In 1938, the president of France invited King George VI to a banquet at Versailles, and the King inquired the name of the exquisite collection of Saint-Louis crystal adorning the table.
"We gave the name of 'Tommy' to that collection," says de Lavergnolle, referring to the nickname of British soldiers who helped save France. "It was a way to pay tribute to them." Last year, Saint-Louis celebrated 90 years of its iconic Tommy line, adding a touch of colour.
Crystalware from the Tommy collection, which was created 90 years ago to commemorate the British soldiers who helped save France during the First World War. Photos courtesy of Saint-Louis
Folia, one of the newest collections, expresses both admiration for the company's history and heritage while also pioneering its future. The 25-piece collection includes customary tableware, vases, and lighting but also furniture, a new niche for Saint-Louis' artisans. The pieces are made of crystal and wood, with leaf-like designs — in homage to the forests surrounding Saint-Louis' first and only cristallerie in northeastern France.
"You can't survive for so long without being a brand from your time. It's impossible," says de Lavergnolle. "If you always look behind you, you're just dead. It's very exciting, but at the same time you have the pressure of history. You have to understand this history, these roots, so you can imagine something different."
Barware part of Saint-Louis's Folia collection, a collection that combines wood and crystal. Folia features leaf-like designs that pay tribute to the forestland surrounding Saint-Louis's manufactory in Saint-Louis-lès-Bitche, France. Photos courtesy of Saint-Louis
The Münzthal glassworks was established in 1586, embedded in the forested region of Saint-Louis-lès-Bitche, close to the German border. The manufactory hasn't moved in 432 years, though it was renamed Saint-Louis by the King of France two centuries after its inception.
In its early days, the raw materials surrounding the glassmaker were essential — local ingredient-rich sand from the Vosges River, ample wood to fire the furnaces and melt the sand into glass, and river water to cool the hand-blown works.
In the 17th century, as Italy and Bohemia experimented with producing crystalline, an Englishman perfected the formula and technique, which the Brits guarded with utmost secrecy.
"Everybody wanted to rediscover the formula of lead crystal, but nobody could," says de Lavergnolle. A century later, Saint-Louis discovered the recipe on its own, and then shifted focus to exclusively making crystal.
First impressions last
The Saint-Louis manufactory rests in Saint-Louis-lès-Bitche, a village of only 600 people, of which 200 work for the company.
"The influence of Saint-Louis in the region is very important, economically-speaking and from a cultural point of view," de Lavergnolle says. Some employees are seventh-generation workers whose ancestors started with the cristallerie in the 1800s.
De Lavergnolle remembers perfectly the first time he visited the factory, in early 2010. He had just become the CEO, after many years in different positions with Hermès. He was attending a ceremony honouring long-time artisans with médailles de travail — "work medals" — signifying employment with Saint-Louis for 25, 30 or 40 years.
"Imagine giving the gold medal to someone who spent more than 40 years with you; it's a very important moment," he says.
Snow fell heavily, blocking de Lavergnolle in for the night.
"A small village in the middle of nowhere, snow all around you," he says, chuckling at the memory. "But at the same time, people were so proud to be part of this brand, so proud to receive those medals for the work. I was very happy because when you work with someone who is passionate about his work, about his job, you are very excited to join the company life and the brand and people."
Saint-Louis recreated this chandelier from an 1830 watercolour painting by Pierre Fontaine. The prestigious Comédie-Française, the oldest still-active theatre in the world, commissioned the chandelier when it was restoring its storied Mounet-Sully room. The room has served as a dining room for Prince Napoléon, among other uses. Fontaine was the original architect, and he painted a detailed watercolour of the room, including a grand chandelier. It took about 200 Saint-Louis artisans to recreate the chandelier, which is 13 feet tall and 8 feet wide. Photography by Vincent Pontet, coll. Comédie-Française
From the outside, the atelier appears "very, very old," says de Lavergnolle of its 19th-century construction. But inside, the vigor and magic of Saint-Louis never stop as the kilns run 24/7.
When the CEO entered the manufactory for the first time, the experience was captivating, sensory. The manufactory is divided into two parts, the first being where the artisans blow the crystal, an arms-length away from kilns heated to 1,450 degrees Celsius.
"When they use their pipe to take the crystal in the furnace, their left hand is approximately at 50 centimetres from this source of temperature, so it's very hot," he says.
The clanking, banging, cutting, shouting, boosters blowing gas, and fires roaring all seem to somehow melt away with the majestic movements on the floor.
"When you look at [the artisans], because they work by team, you have the impression of ballet," says de Lavergnolle. "It's very dangerous, but they move like dancers — it's fascinating. You could spend hours looking at them."
Like the dual nature of life itself, the second section — the cold area — is its polar opposite. It's where workers cut glass, engrave, gild, polish and make decorations, using acid etching or covering motifs in 24k gold.
"You don't need to speak, so you are very focused on what you're doing," says de Lavergnolle. He contrasts the look of the room with the constant amber glow of the furnaces.
"It's very white in the cold part, because you need light to really see what you're doing, especially when you use the wheel engraving — it's very delicate," he says.
Many workers in the Saint-Louis manufactory have been named Meilleurs Ouvriers de France by the French government, a top designation for artisans. Photos courtesy of Saint-Louis
Pass it forward
Saint-Louis' doors are open to the public, but de Lavergnolle doesn't worry about Saint-Louis' centuries-old know-how and trade secrets out in plain view. It takes ten years of training before Saint-Louis artisans are skilled enough to produce actual products. So, even if other companies try to copy Saint-Louis' exact formula and techniques, the competitors haven't cultivated the dexterity to produce comparable works.
"We still blow everything by mouth and cut everything by hand, so it's the highest level of craftsmanship you can find," says de Lavergnolle. "There is the hand of the man — you have to repeat day after day, the same gesture."
The artisans learn how to craft all of Saint-Louis' collections, not just one product, adding to the enormous difficulty. The training is more than just a physical test, it's also an internal one, filled with as much failure as success.
"We have to be prévalent," says de Lavergnolle — the craftsmen must "prevail."
"The worker, the glassblower, he has to respect the way to shape the legs, the stem, the thickness of the piece. It's very important to have a certain regularity. If you don't respect the proportion of the raw material inside and the temperature, then you would have bubbles," says de Lavergnolle. "But you never stop learning. The simple reason is that you don't learn the job in books. You learn by the observation of the others."
One of the most renowned characteristics of Saint-Louis crystal is its variety of colour, an alchemy that reflects precise, superior technique and workmanship, not a secret recipe.
"We really are the master of colours," says de Lavergnolle. Saint-Louis uses over 15 colours, such as sky blue, dark blue, chartreuse, green, red, amethyst, purple, and amber. The special shades require different metallic oxides in addition to sand and potash, in a process too risky for many other crystal-makers.
"The temperature of fusion, the temperature of expansion from one metallic oxide to another is not the same," he says. "If you don't respect this temperature of expansion, the risk is that you break your piece when you cut it."
Saint-Louis also uses a special double- or even triple-layer technique, whereas competitors generally just paint the crystal.
"This is very specific to Saint-Louis," he says. "The double-layering consists in mixing a thin coloured crystal layer in the surface with clear crystal inside before blowing." Adding layers of crystal together only makes the process that much more fragile.
Left: A candleholder, part of the Folia collection, designed by designer Noé Duchaufour-Lawrance. Right: A Saint-Louis paperweight called The Golden Dog. Photos courtesy of Saint-Louis
Harmony of old and new
"If you ask me what is exactly the style of Saint-Louis, there is not exactly a style because we cross so many periods, from art deco to art nouveau, from modern to classic," de Lavergnolle says. "For us, [working with designers] brings you new blood in your creation."
One collection emblematic of Saint-Louis' principles of tradition and innovation is Matrice, by Dutch designer Kiki van Eijk. De Lavergnolle invited her to the factory to observe and kindle her creativity. The tour did not disappoint.
Van Eijk went down to the basement and was immediately entranced.
"She saw thousands of moulds lying on shelves like dead bodies," says de Lavergnolle, a stark contrast to what she had just seen in the lively hot room.
Immediately, van Eijk said, "I want to resuscitate those moulds and make a lamp." Her idea was to make a crystal lamp that looks like the mould itself.
"It was a long process, but finally the shape of this lamp is like the mould — [but instead of cast iron,] it's crystal," he says. "You open it, and the more you open, the more the lamp is shining because of the LED inside. It's a lovely object, very modern, but at the same time with a strong link with the past of Saint-Louis."
The Matrice collection reflects the soul of Saint-Louis — reviving the past to create a sparkling future.
A lamp designed by Kiki van Eijk for Saint-Louis, as part of the Matrice collection. It is made out of crystal, though it was inspired by the look of an old cast-iron mould used for forming crystal. Photos courtesy of Saint-Louis
Handmade, Archive
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The lasting taste and aroma from Japanese clay pots.
"Upright Wood, Exquisite Fabric"
The inlaid wood pattern of a Tang Dynasty pipa inspires the birth of a new luxury brand
Stellar Times by Louis Vuitton Brings Jewellery to New Heights
Louis Vuitton reaches for the stars with its Stellar Times Collection.
When Fine Crystal Meets Fine Wine
Crystalmaker Lalique turns a 400-year-old château and winery into a hotel where the French 'art de vivre' thrives.
Lorenzi Milano
A Milanese manufacturer turns nature's simple materials into treasured heirlooms.
Tian Chengtai, a talented Taiwanees artisan, forges his spirit into impossible works of beauty
The Lace of Queens
A secluded cloister of French nuns continues a stunning tradition of French lace-making
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May the light of God's love push back the darkness. We come to the light from the four corners of the earth, from the north, from the south, from the east, and from the west. But we are all one in Jesus Christ. We come from many nations and many cultures. But we are all one in Jesus Christ. We come seeking the light that guides us to life. But we are all one in Jesus Christ. Let us lift up our many voices and praise the God of all people.
Fishing Tackle Flea Market - The Palmyra Fire Department presents it's 17th Annual Fishing Tackle Flea Market On Sunday, February 9th. The Flea Market will be held at Charles Street School from 9am to 2pm. Admission is $3. For more information, please see the bulletin board.


text:
Ostantarktischer Eisschild stabiler als gedacht: Eis überstand selbst Wärme des Pliozäns vor 4 Millionen Jahren
Während des Pliozäns vor 3-5 Millionen Jahren besaß die Atmosphäre eine ähnlich hohe CO2-Konzentration wie heute. Das Klima war ebenfalls warm, so dass diese geologische Epoche gerne als Analog für die aktuelle Wärmeperiode herangezogen wird. Eine der großen Fragen ist, wie sich die großen Eismassen an den Polkappen damals verhalten haben. Eine Forschergruppe der University of Pennsylvania präsentierte am 15. Dezember 2015 in einer Pressemitteilung neue Ergebnisse zur Ostantarktis, die den Löwenanteil des antarktischen Inlandeises ausmacht. Überraschenderweise fanden die Forscher um Rachel Valletta, dass der ostantarktische Eisschild während der gesamten letzten 14 Millionen Jahre stabil geblieben ist. Sogar das warme Pliozän konnte den Eismassen nichts anhaben. Die Forscher sehen dies als ein gutes Zeichen. Co-Autorin Jane Willenbrink sagt
"Dies gibt uns Hoffnung, dass das ostantarktsche Eisschild auch im Zuge der Klimaerwärmung stabil bleibt."
Im Folgenden die vollständige Pressemitteilung:
East Antarctic Ice Sheet Has Stayed Frozen for 14 Million Years, Penn Team Reports
Antarctica was once a balmier place, lush with plants and lakes. Figuring out just how long the continent has been a barren, cold desert of ice can give clues as to how Antarctica responded to the effects of past climates and can perhaps also indicate what to expect there as Earth's atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide grows.
In a new study in Scientific Reports, University of Pennsylvania researchers use an innovative technique to date one of Antarctica's ancient lake deposits. They found that the deposits have remained frozen for at least the last 14 million years, suggesting that the surrounding region, the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, or EAIS, has likewise remained intact. The work adds new support for the idea that the EAIS did not experience significant melting even during the Pliocene, a period from 3 to 5 million years ago, when carbon dioxide concentrations rivaled what they are today. "The Pliocene is sometimes thought to be an analog to what Earth will be like if global warming continues," said Jane K. Willenbring, an assistant professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Science in Penn's School of Arts & Sciences. "This gives us some hope that the East Antarctic Ice Sheet could be stable in today's and future climate conditions." Willenbring collaborated on the study with lead author and Penn graduate student Rachel D. Valletta, as well as Adam R. Lewis and Allan C. Ashworth from North Dakota State University and Marc Caffee from Purdue University.
Current climate change projections indicate that the marine portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is "a goner," Willenbring said. Studies from the past few years suggest that sea level will likely rise a few meters as that ice melts. But the East Antarctic Ice Sheet is 20 times more massive. If it melted, the ensuing sea level rise would be even more catastrophic than the western peninsula's dissolution. To shed light on what could happen in the future to the EAIS, geologists often look to the past. But there is not a scientific consensus about how the EAIS has behaved in different climates throughout history. Some scientists believe the ice sheet experienced significant melting during the relatively warmer conditions of the Pliocene, while others think it has remained almost entirely frozen for the last 14 million years.
Willenbring and colleagues hoped to help clarify the history of the EAIS. They traveled to Antarctica's Friis Hills in the central Dry Valleys of the eastern portion of the continent. About a foot beneath the surface are sediment deposits from an ancient lake which is known from animal fossils to have been freshwater. Earlier dating established that the volcanic ash deposits at the bottom of the ancient lake are 20 million years old. To see if any melting had occurred in the interim, they analyzed radioactive isotopes of beryllium known as beryllium-10, which form in the atmosphere when cosmic rays collide with oxygen and nitrogen atoms. "Beryllium-10 sticks on to particles quite easily and is associated with lake deposits," Willenbring said. "We wanted to see if we could use this isotope to figure out how long the sediment was in place and isolated from liquid water." Beryllium-10 has a known half-life of 1.4 million years. After estimating an initial level of initial concentration of beryllium-10 in their lake samples, the researchers were able to estimate the age of the sediments to be between 14 and 17.5 million years ago.
"We found that the beryllium-10 was almost completely gone, within the resolution of our technique," Willenbring said. Willenbring said the team was confident that the area had remained frozen since then because if there had been melting, the water would have penetrated the sediments and "reset" the beryllium-10 measurements. "This means that the sediment is definitely older than the time when a lot of people think that Antarctica might have been quite deglaciated," she said.
By offering support for the idea that the EAIS has been largely stable during the last 14 million years, the research offers some hope that a massive collapse of the ice sheet, and associated sea level rise of tens of meters, may not be imminent. Willenbring, however, cautions that even though carbon dioxide levels in the Pliocene may be analogous to today's levels, the two situations are not equivalent and thus any conclusions can only be taken so far. "Even though the Pliocene conditions could be an analog for CO2 concentrations today, we've probably never experienced such a fast transition to warm temperatures as we're seeing right now," she said.
The study was supported by the University of Pennsylvania, North Dakota State University and the National Science Foundation.
Auch andere Gruppen forschen zur Stabilität des antarktische Eisschildes. Die Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) entdeckte jetzt Eiserhebungen, die sich im Übergang von Eiszeiten zu Warmzeiten bilden und den Gletscherschwund bremsen. In einer Pressemitteilung gab die Universität am 26. Mai 2015 bekannt:
Evolution of the Antarctic ice sheet
ULB study sheds a new light on the stability of the Antarctic ice sheet. It shows for the first time that ice rises (pinning points that keep the floating parts of ice sheets in place) are formed during the transition between glacial and interglacial periods, which significantly slows down the response of the ice sheet to climate change.
The Antarctic ice sheet holds as much ice to potentially raise global sea level with 67 meter. Many questions still arise regarding its reaction to climate change, especially for the marine sections of the ice sheet. The contact of the ice sheet with the ocean happens through the formation of ice shelves, which are large sections of floating ice flowing down from the continental ice sheet. Recent observations show that these large shelves are thinning rapidly. Ice shelves can be seen as the cork on a wine bottle lying flat. Removing the cork will lead to the bottle emptying. Therefore, thinning or removing ice shelves make more continental ice to discharge into the ocean, leading to sea level rise. Ice shelves are held in place by contact with embayments and pinning points at the bed. Thinning reduces this contact and reduces the stress that keeps the continental ice normally stable.
For the first time, Dr. Lionel Favier and Prof. Frank Pattyn from the Laboratoire de Glaciologie, Faculty of Sciences of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) in Belgium demonstrate how such pinning points (which form ice rises in the ice shelf, or locally grounded small ice caps within ice shelves) are formed and how they keep ice shelves stable. Ice rises are omnipresent along most of the Antarctic coast and believed to buttress ice shelves to keep them stable. Using a sophisticated ice-sheet model, Favier and Pattyn show that these ice rises actually formed during the deglaciation of the ice sheet, when the grounding line (contact between ice sheet and ice shelf) retreats over the continental shelf. Their major impact during this retreat is that ice rises, once formed, significantly slow down this retreat, which may explain why major changes in ice volume in the past often show a delayed response to climate change.
Favier: "It is amazing to see how a relatively small feature, such as an ice rise, can delay the retreat of a continental ice sheet during a deglaciation by several thousands of years. This understanding is possible thanks to the recent tremendous effort of the glaciological community to improve ice-sheet models".
Pattyn: "This study sheds a new light on how we think about ice sheet evolution. Ice rises not only influence the stability of ice shelves, but also influence their formation. This insight will help to better constrain future evolution of ice sheets and their contribution to sea level rise".
The results of this study, funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO), has been published online on 26 May 2015 in Geophysical Research Letters.
Ein Golfplatz in Alaska, der während der Kleinen Eiszeit in den Fluten versank und jetzt wieder auftauchte
Rekordschneefälle in den Küstenzonen der Westantarktis: Noch nie hat es in den letzten 300 Jahren so heftig geschneit wie heute


text:
SeminarTopics.co.in
Code Division Multiple Access
Code division multiple access (CDMA) is a modulation and multiple-access scheme based on spread-spectrum communication. In this scheme, multiple users share the same frequency band at the same time, by spreading the spectrum of their transmitted signals, so that each user's signal is pseudo-orthogonal to the signals of the other users.
CDMA Signals
In a CDMA system each signal consists of a different pseudorandom binary sequence (called the spreading code) that modulates a carrier, spreading the spectrum of the waveform. A large number of CDMA signals share the same frequency spectrum. If CDMA is viewed in either the frequency or time domain, the multiple access signals overlap with each other. However, the use of statistically orthogonal spreading codes separates the various signals in the code space.
CDMA Receivers
A CDMA receiver separates the signals by means of a correlator that uses the particular binary sequence to despread the signal and collect the energy of the desired signal. Other users' signals, whose spreading codes do not match this sequence, are not despread in bandwidth and, as a result, contribute only to the noise. These signals represent a self-interference generated by the system.
The output of the correlator is sent to a narrow-bandwidth filter. The filter allows all of the desired signal's energy to pass through, but reduces the interfering signal's energy by the ratio of the bandwidth before the correlator to the bandwidth after the correlator. This reduction greatly improves the signal-to-interference ratio of the desired signal. This ratio is also known as the processing gain. The signal-to-noise ratio is determined by the ratio of the desired signal power to the sum of all of the other signal powers. It is enhanced by the processing gain or the ratio of spread bandwidth to baseband data rate.
CDMA Channel Assignments
A CDMA digital cellular waveform design uses a pseudorandom noise (PN) sequence to spread the spectrum. The sample rate of the spreading sequence (called the chip rate) is chosen so that the bandwidth of the filtered signal is several times the bandwidth of the original signal.
A typical system might use multiple PN sequences. In addition, it might use repeated spreading codes of known lengths to ensure orthogonality between signals intended for different users. The channel assignment is essentially determined by the set of codes that are used for that particular link. Thus, the signal transmitted at any time in a logical channel is determined by:
* The frequency of operation for the base station
* The current symbol
* The specific orthogonal spreading code assigned for the logical channel
* The PN spreading code
More Seminar Topics:
Mesh Radio, MILSTD 1553B, MIMO Wireless Channels, Mobile IP, MOBILE IPv6, Mobile Virtual Reality Service, Mobile Train Radio Communication, Modems and ISDN, Modern Irrigation System Towards Fuzzy, Modular Embedded Internet Software Support, Molecular Electronics, Moletronics- An Invisible Technology, Motes, Multisensor Fusion and Integration, M-Voting, Nanorobotics, Nanotechnology, Narrow Band and BroadBand ISDN, Navbelt and Guidecane, Nuclear Batteries
Related Seminar Topics
Infinite Dimensional Vector Space
Integer Fast Fourier Transform
Integrated Power Electronics Module
Integrated Voice and Data
Intelligent Wireless Video Camera
Internet Protocol Television
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text:
from oslo_config import cfg

from nova.tests.functional.v3 import api_sample_base

CONF = cfg.CONF
CONF.import_opt('osapi_compute_extension',
                'nova.api.openstack.compute.legacy_v2.extensions')

class FlavorManageSampleJsonTests(api_sample_base.ApiSampleTestBaseV3):
    ADMIN_API = True
    extension_name = 'flavor-manage'
    # TODO(park): Overriding '_api_version' till all functional tests
    # are merged between v2 and v2.1. After that base class variable
    # itself can be changed to 'v2'
    _api_version = 'v2'

    def _get_flags(self):
        f = super(FlavorManageSampleJsonTests, self)._get_flags()
        f['osapi_compute_extension'] = CONF.osapi_compute_extension[:]
        f['osapi_compute_extension'].append(
            'nova.api.openstack.compute.contrib.flavormanage.'
            'Flavormanage')
        f['osapi_compute_extension'].append(
            'nova.api.openstack.compute.contrib.flavor_disabled.'
            'Flavor_disabled')
        f['osapi_compute_extension'].append(
            'nova.api.openstack.compute.contrib.flavor_access.'
            'Flavor_access')
        f['osapi_compute_extension'].append(
            'nova.api.openstack.compute.contrib.flavorextradata.'
            'Flavorextradata')
        f['osapi_compute_extension'].append(
            'nova.api.openstack.compute.contrib.flavor_swap.'
            'Flavor_swap')
        return f

    def _create_flavor(self):
        """Create a flavor."""
        subs = {
            'flavor_id': 10,
            'flavor_name': "test_flavor"
        }
        response = self._do_post("flavors",
                                 "flavor-create-post-req",
                                 subs)
        subs.update(self._get_regexes())
        self._verify_response("flavor-create-post-resp", subs, response, 200)

    def test_create_flavor(self):
        # Get api sample to create a flavor.
        self._create_flavor()

    def test_delete_flavor(self):
        # Get api sample to delete a flavor.
        self._create_flavor()
        response = self._do_delete("flavors/10")
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 202)
        self.assertEqual(response.content, '')


How to Install Market Price with Discount Plugin for osclass ?
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text:
Causing Serious Injury Intentionally in Circumstances of Gross Violence
by Bernadette L · Updated April 3, 2019
– section 15A of the Crimes Act 1958
Causing Injury Seriously in Circumstances of Gross Violence is used when someone deliberately and seriously injures another person, and the injury happens in one of several circumstances.
When someone planned to injure the other person in advance; or
When 2 or more people injure the other person; or
When someone planned to use a weapon on the other person and used it; or
When someone caused the injury after the other person could no longer defend themselves; or
When someone continued to attack the other person after the other could no longer defend themselves.
Examples of Causing Serious Injury Intentionally in Circumstances of Gross Violence
In a planned attack, someone cracks another person's skull with a baseball bat, and leaves the person with lasting psychological harm.
A person punches and knocks out another person at a night club. After the second person is knocked out, the first person repeatedly kicks the second person in the head until bouncers intervene.
What are some of the possible defences to a Causing Serious Injury Intentionally in Circumstances of Gross Violence charge?
Someone else injured the other person.
There was no intention or planning to injure the other person.
Acting in self defence
There are other possible defences, depending on the circumstances surrounding the alleged offending. Each matter is unique and requires an individual approach and strategy.
Questions in cases like this
How can they prove there was planning or intention to cause the injury?
Did someone else actually injure the other person?
Maximum penalty and court that deals with this charge
The maximum penalty is 20 years. This charge is normally dealt with in the County Court.
"Was there actually gross violence? "
What is the legal definition of Causing Serious Injury Intentionally in Circumstances of Gross Violence?
The legal definition of Causing Serious Injury Intentionally in Circumstances of Gross Violence has 5 essential parts:
Someone suffered a serious injury; and
Another person caused the injury; and
The other person intended to cause the injury; and
The injury was in circumstances of 'gross violence'; and
There was no legal justification or excuse.
The section that covers this offence is section 15A of the Crimes Act 1958.1
Elements of the offence
The Prosecution must prove the following elements to establish this offence:
What can you be sentenced to for this charge?
If someone is found guilty, Causing Serious Injury in Circumstances of Gross Violence has a compulsory minimum gaol term of 4 years. The most serious offences will mean a longer gaol term.
Other Important Resources
VCC summaries – intentionally causing serious injury in circumstances of gross violence: Sentencing decisions from 1 January 2016 to 31 August 2016
Victorian Criminal Charge Book: Bench Notes Intentionally Causing Serious Injury in Circumstances of Gross Violence
[1] Crimes Act 1958 – Section 15A
(1) A person must not, without lawful excuse, intentionally cause serious injury to another person in circumstances of gross violence.
Penalty: Level 3 imprisonment (20 years maximum).
An offence against subsection (1) is a category 1 offence under the Sentencing Act 1991 . See section 5(2G) of that Act for the requirement to impose a custodial order for this offence.
(2)For the purposes of subsection (1), any one of the following constitutes circumstances of gross violence—
(a) the offender planned in advance to engage in conduct and at the time of planning—
(i) the offender intended that the conduct would cause a serious injury; or
(ii) the offender was reckless as to whether the conduct would cause a serious injury; or
(iii) a reasonable person would have foreseen that the conduct would be likely to result in a serious injury;
(b) the offender in company with 2 or more other persons caused the serious injury;
(c) the offender entered into an agreement, arrangement or understanding with 2 or more other persons to cause a serious injury;
See Subdivision (1) (Complicity in commission of offences) of Division 1 of Part II.
(d) the offender planned in advance to have with him or her and to use an offensive weapon, firearm or imitation firearm and in fact used the offensive weapon, firearm or imitation firearm to cause the serious injury;
(e) the offender continued to cause injury to the other person after the other person was incapacitated;
(f) the offender caused the serious injury to the other person while the other person was incapacitated.
1 See section 422(1) for an alternative verdict.
2 Section 10 of the Sentencing Act 1991 requires that a term of imprisonment be imposed for an offence against section 15A and that a non-parole period of not less than 4 years be fixed under section 11 of that Act unless the court finds under section 10A of that Act that a special reason exists. If, however, a victim is an emergency worker on duty or a custodial officer on duty, section 10AA(1) of the Sentencing Act 1991 requires that a non-parole period of not less than 5 years be fixed unless the court finds under section 10A of that Act that a special reason exists.
3 If a court makes a finding under section 10A of the Sentencing Act 1991 that a special reason exists, the requirements of section 10 or 10AA(1) of that Act do not apply and the court has full sentencing discretion. See also section 5(2G) of that Act.
Assault & Violence Offences
Aggravated Burglary
Assaulting or Resisting Police
Causing Injury Intentionally
Causing Injury Recklessly
Causing Serious Injury Recklessly in Circumstances of Gross Violence
Common Assault
Common Assault (Common Law)
Extortion With Threats to Destroy Property
Extortion With Threats to Kill
Intentionally Causing Serious Injury
Negligently Causing Serious Injury
Reckless Conduct Endangering Life
Reckless Conduct Endangering Serious Injury
Recklessly Causing Serious Injury
Setting Traps to Kill
Threatening Injury to Prevent Arrest
Threats to Inflict Serious Injury
Threats to Kill
Using of Firearms in the Commission of Offences