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Home » Kinnaird Trial » Thomas Tyson's Opening Statement for the Defense
Thomas Tyson's Opening Statement for the Defense
Trial of John O. Kinnaird
11-23-02, Second Day, First Session
Opening Statement for the Defense
Bethany Orthodox Presbyterian Church
Oxford, PA
Winward: Mr. Tyson, your opening statement.
TT: Mr. Moderator, about what time would we be breaking?
Winward: Twelve-thirty.
TT: We ask for a five minute break now.
Winward: Sure. Ten minutes.
Winward: Mr. Tyson
TT: I need a larger desk here.
Mr. Moderator and members of the panel, we do not have a prepared opening statement at
this point. The opening statement that we gave you earlier was prepared because we believed
that was the chief and overriding issue facing the court. Namely, do the specifications, even if
true, support the charge as written. And we are at a decided disadvantage now because we have
to proceed with what we believe is a defective charge. And so it is going to be very difficult for
us to defend Mr. Kinnaird against the charge and its alleged specifications. The charge does not
say what about the doctrine of justification by faith and works that Mr. Kinnaird teaches is
contrary to the Word of God. Let me repeat that. The charge does not state what about the
doctrine of justification by faith and works as taught by Elder Kinnaird is contrary to the
Confession of Faith and the Word of God and the Westminster Standards. And consequently, we
don't know what's wrong with Mr. Kinnaird's views from the charge. The charge says there's
something rotten in Denmark. There's something crook about Mr. Kinnaird's teaching in this
area. And we will gather and select, collect and identify statements, paragraphs, sentences, from
his writings and his sermon that will show you error. That's a very interesting approach, but
that's not the approach that the Book of Discipline mandates. The Book of Discipline does not
say - say in the charge that erroneous teaching contrary to the Word of God is bad. Erroneous
teaching contrary to the subordinate Standards is bad. We know that. But we need to be told
what exactly is wrong.
This brings us back to our argumentation earlier why we felt that the charge needed to be
amended. And it will not down. That charge is going to continue to haunt us throughout the
remainder of this trial because the prosecution is going to say time and again that Mr. Kinnaird's
views as expressed in the specifications support the charge that he has a bad view of the doctrine
of justification by faith and works. I trust that no one in this room will suggest, let alone seek to
defend, that any and all understandings of a doctrine of justification by faith and works is
contrary to the Word of God and the Confession of Faith and Catechisms. I trust that.
So we're not sure. We're going to have to go forward with the assumption or the guesswork that
something like the proposed new charges that we gave in our opening statement is really what's
before us. Something like this, that the prosecution is seeking to demonstrate that Mr. Kinnaird
teaches a doctrine of justification by faith and works that has works either as an instrument of
justification or worse, as a ground for that justification. Or to put it another way, that Mr.
Kinnaird teaches that in justification when the sinner is brought from a state of condemnation
into a state of being acquitted and right before God, he is brought thus by a combination of faith
and works. Pick one. You can take either one of those charges which are not before us, but
which we, on the defense are going to assume is what's before us because we have to have
something that we can defend. Pick one of those, either one, we will show by testimony from
competent theologians that Mr. Kinnaird's statements and preaching and writings in no way, or
in no shape, or in no form, so teach.
The charge, if I could summarize, simply does not state what it is about John Kinnaird's doctrine
of justification by faith and works that is contrary to the Scriptures and the subordinate
Standards.
We will show through testimony drawing your attention to the very specified words and
teachings and preachings of Mr. Kinnaird that his doctrine, his teaching, his preaching, his
statements are in accord with the subordinate Standards, as well as the Scripture. Both are
needed. We stipulate that. In a sense, you have to show, as a prosecution, that his views are out
of accord with the subordinate Standards because it is those subordinate Standards that Mr.
Kinnaird has said that he hears the Scripture teaching. But it won't due for us to just say, he's
O.K. with the subordinate Standards, but you have to demonstrate - or we are willing to
demonstrate - that those subordinate Standards are themselves in accord with Scripture. So
Scripture is our final authority. But you just can't say, Mr. Kinnaird is out of accord with
Scripture and then proceed to exegete the Scripture and say that's not Mr. Kinnaird's exegesis.
You have to show that where we have agreed together as to what the Scripture teaches about
justification and the relation of faith to justification and the relation of good works to our
salvation, to sanctification and to glorification. You have to show that his views are out of
accord with the Confession because it is in the Confession and the Catechisms that we tell the
world this is what we hear the Bible teaching.
We are also stipulating, and we thank the accusers for their well formulated and godly reminder
that it is the peace ... the purity, the peace, and the unity of the church - all three that are at sake
here. Mr. Kinnaird is more concerned than that he win this case, that his own heart be purified,
his own mind be corrected, if it needs any correction, and more so, that the glory of Jesus Christ
will be enhanced and the blessedness of Bethany Church and the whole Orthodox Presbyterian
Church will be increased and promoted through this process.
The matter is extremely important. When Mr. Kinnaird asked me if I would stand for him in this
trial and serve as defense counsel, I, of course, did not want to do that. Who would? But I was
willing to do it primarily because this is a case about something that matters. I don't know what I
would do if someone asked me to defend him on a charge that he holds the wrong view about
why Cain's sacrifice was unaccepted by God, or whether alcoholic wine should always be used in
communion, or something like that. I think I would probably say no. But I said yes now, not
only because he deserves to be treated justly - and we assume he will be and I'm not suggesting
that he won't be - but part of my job is to be a watch-dog. But also because it matters. The very
Gospel is at sake here. What we believe our standing before God and our eternal salvation is
what we are talking about. That's worth some sweat and some sleepless nights.
The defense will contend, with the Reformers or their followers, that the works that Paul
condemns are not the works that James commends. And the works that James commends are not
the works that Paul condemns. And so we don't agree with Luther that James is an epistle of
straw. We believe that Paul and James are friends. We believe also that the Gospel is the
mystery of Christ. How could it be that on the one hand Yahweh Tsidkenu - 'The Lord is our
righteousness' - and He is. And we find out in Romans how that passage in Jeremiah is fulfilled
by the imputed righteousness of Jesus Christ who is God. How can it be that that is so and at the
same time, the goal of salvation is that we not only be blameworthy, but that we also be holy in
Christ? Pick one it would seem. Scripture ... Either we are saved by Christ alone and so then it
doesn't really matter whether that ever shows in this life or in the life to come. So that some can
even write such a strange remark as that we remain eternally both sinner and justified sinner.
That's beyond us. How can it be that that is the case and at the same time the goal of salvation is
the glory of God through Christ becoming the firstborn of many brethren? How can it be that
John would write, "He that is born of God does not sin?" The only way that you can put those
two together logically is by changing the meaning of one or the other. And you can go with
Rome and say: well, we're not really justified by the work of Christ alone imputed to us and
through his active ... his passive obedience on the Cross. He gets us half-way there and we get us
the rest of the way through our good works. You can do that and then you don't have any trouble
anymore. James and Paul come into nice conformity according to them. Or you can the other
route and you can diminish sanctification and glorification. You can diminish the goal of the
glory of God as He sees sinners, not only forgiven and justified, but also cleansed so that
Revelation 1:3-5 is true that glory is to be given to God who has freed us from our sins by His
blood. There's justification. And made us to be priests unto our God. There we have people
who are changed - a priesthood, a holy people. There's tension there, brothers and sisters. We
never be able to answer fully all questions of how these two things can be together - kind of like
the sovereignty of God and the responsibility of man - but they are both true.
And Mr. Kinnaird's remarks and statements are taken ... we're going to try to show in a way that
he does not intend them to be taken, nor in a way that they should be taken. Mr. Kinnaird is very
careful in his writing. Perhaps he has not been perfect, and in fact, I can guarantee that he hasn't
been and you can probably find a place where he slipped and said something that he would want
to change. But when he's talking about that acquittal on the Day of Judgment, when he is
reflecting those passages of Scripture such as: I Thessalonians 1:3, II Thessalonians 1:3,
Ephesians 2:8-10, Galatians 5:6, James 2:17, 18, Titus 3:4-8; and many other passages from the
Old Testament: Psalms 62:12, Proverbs 24:12, Ecclesiastes 12:14; Isaiah 3:10, Jeremiah 17:10;
not to mention the words of our Lord Jesus when he says that in that day they will say, when did
we do those things? Jesus will say, depart from me you who work iniquity. And those whom He
registers as being His own and says, come and enjoy the blessedness that is promised you. They
will say, when did we do anything? On that Day of Judgment, not one of us will be able to say,
"Lord, I found one or two good works which I want you to have a note of... note please." We will
all disagree with the Judge and say we did not do anything. And He will shush us and He will
say, according to the words of Jesus, "In as much as you did it, you did it unto me."
Those passages together with many others, including those in Revelation and the rest of the
epistles, that talk about the Judgment Day, an acquittal on that Day, always say, that that
acquittal, that that verdict will be "according to" works. Never on the basis of, never grounded
by, or never even received by those works. Just that - as Madame Prego says about her spaghetti
sauce - it's in there! They're there. They're simply there. God, who could have said to us in His
Word, on that great Day, 'I'm going to observe your faith.' And we would have said, 'Thank
you, God.' But He doesn't. He says I'm going to weigh and acknowledge and identify and look
at and see the fruit of your faith. And I'm going to make a verdict. And that verdict is not going
to be: these ones of you get higher rooms in Heaven because you did more good works than these
others ones of you who did less good works. He's going to say - all of you who show what John
was talking about, what James was talking about, and what Paul was talking about when he said,
ANot of works lest any man should boast - for we are His workmanship created unto Christ Jesus
... created in Christ Jesus unto to good works which God has before ordained that you should
walk in them. God is going to say, 'All of you - you're mine!' I'm not going to look at your
baptism, important as that badge might be. I'm not going to look at your faith, indispensable as
that will be and you will all have it, except I guess, elect infants who died in infancy. But God's
going to say, I see what I have done in your lives and the glory of his grace in a full salvation
which began in election, continued in calling, progressed in justification, and was finalized in a
sanctification that was perfected in glorification, will be only to the praise of His glorious grace.
This is what that man believes! And if he doesn't, he'll have an opportunity to correct me.
And it is the responsibility of the accusers to believe him when he tells you in many places that
this is what he believes. That he does not believe that justification is contingent, that it has to
await the Judgment Day. That by faith we are maybe justified, but we'll see. He does not
believe that. He's just a man who's trying to read his Bible and let what God says, stand - logic,
tension, mystery, not withstanding. And we're going to show as we go through the
specifications, passage by passage, that Mr. Kinnaird says no such things as are alleged in both of
the papers that have been presented, which contain much that is true, most that is true, and which
Mr. Kinnaird believes.
But let me look at just a couple of those remarks, in the paper that was most just recently
mentioned, I don't know how far I'll get on this, but I'll just start at the beginning. In the first
paragraph, it's the paper entitled, "Doctrinal Statement by Arthur Kuschke," I'm sorry if that was
wrong for me to refer to his name. I'm just identifying the paper. We read,
"Elder Kinnaird teaches a doctrine of justification by faith and works. He does not use
the phrase, 'justification by faith and works.' He says that believers are justified by faith
at their conversion. He also says that it is those who obey the law who will be declared
righteous at the Day of Judgment."
Oh? He wasn't the first to say that. A fellow named Paul of Tarsus beat him to it. And Romans
2:13 may not be understood - in Mr. Kinnaird's opinion and in the opinion of many responsible
Reformed theologians - may not be understood and dismissed as describing in the whole context
a theoretical impossibility. Theoretically, if anybody could keep the law of God perfectly, they
would be justified by that keeping of the law, but since there are none, why do we even bother to
tell you that? Unless it be to just answer some Jews who thought that just having the law was
good enough. We agree. Doing the law is necessary if you're going to try to be saved by the
law. But that simply is not all, or only, or at all, what the words that are quoted mean when we
read in Romans 2:13, "it is those who obey the law who will be declared righteous." It's telling
us that sanctified Christians - Christians who possess good works - will be on the Day of
Judgment, which is the contextual identification or venue of these verses. If you'll look at verse
sixteen which says, "on that day" when Jesus Christ will judge. What day could that be other
than the great Day of Judgment? It's surely not the day of a person's conversion. It's the Day of
Final Judgment and on that day, those who obey the law will be declared righteous, "according to
what they have done in the body," as another passage puts it.
[End of Tape 2, side one]
[Start of Tape 2, side two]
.... righteousness, and impute that to them - only then at the last day, to say, well, actually, that
wasn't quite good enough. And I'm sure glad that some of you folks have done some good
works. So I guess I have to let you in Heaven. Come on, now! What this passage is saying is
there is a class of law-keepers. And there is a class of people who will be acquitted on that Day
of Judgment. And there are going to be people who belong to both classes.
If you ask the question, can they have kept that law perfectly? Did they make it in this life?
Well, the Bible has something to say about that and what the Bible says is to that, no. But they're
started. There is a seed of righteousness, a seed of obedience that is in them, that is why John
writes, "He that is born of God does not sin." He does not mean, does not sin a lot, as some
versions incorrectly translate it. He means that God starts something in those whom he
regenerates that will not down and it will persist. And that's why Paul says, I don't want to sin -
that's because of that seed, but I do. And God says, hang in there. I'm going to get you there.
Not before your death, or not before the coming of Christ, but I'm going to get you there.
And when He gets us there on that Day of Judgment, He's going to say, I see the seed and I see
the beginnings. Yes, they're imperfect. They're like the little girl who writes, who makes a
picture of her dad. She says, "Dad, I drew a picture for you." And it looks for all the world like a
sweet potato with toothpicks sticking out of it. But Dad says, "Sweetheart, that's beautiful and I
accept it. It's good. You've worked well. And I thank you for the most beautiful picture I've
ever seen." That's what God is going to do on that Day of Judgment! And that's what this man
is concerned to protect. God's way.
How much time do we have left, Mr. ...?
Winward: Twenty minutes, if you ...
TT: Twenty minutes. How much time would you like to have, John? How much time? We
have...
JK: I would prefer to be put on the witness stand.
TT: O.K. I'll just continue then. Thank you. I apologize if that was out of order for me to
Third paragraph. [Mr. Kuschke's paper.]
" Elder Kinnaird has suggested two reasons why the imputed righteousness of Christ
cannot suffice. The first is that sanctification is also given us and that obedience wrought
by sanctification does provide the real and personal righteousness and holiness required.
We reply that even our best sanctification and obedience in this life cannot suffice for that
purpose as we will show later."
We agree. That only the imputed righteousness of Christ alone and only and all together can
suffice for that righteousness we need by which we are justified. Period. Full stop.
But at the same time, when John talks about the believer not sinning, he's not talking about
Christ's imputed righteousness. He's talking about the sinner. He's talking about the believer.
And when the New Testament speaks about us being conformed to the image of Christ, it's not
talking about us being conformed by virtue of the imputation of the righteousness of Christ. He's
talking about our real and personal conformity as the Confession states - chapter 13, paragraph
one -we are sanctified "really and personally."
Sanctification is not a further imputation of the righteousness of Christ. Sanctification is the
outworking of the imputation of the righteousness of Christ in the life, in the real and personal
life of the believer. That's to take nothing away from Christ's righteousness, but it is to say, that
God gets what brings Him glory. Not sinners dragged kicking and screaming and still sinning
presumably into Heaven. But sinners whom He has brought there solely because they are united
to Christ by grace through faith alone. But sinners who He said, Guess what? I'm going to start
My stuff in their life here on this side of the grave and I'm going to complete it in glory.
Second page. The paper says:
"Justification at conversion is complete justification, not limited justification, not partial
justification."
Mr. Kinnaird believes that and agrees with that.
Page three. At the top.
"So sanctification imperfect in this life cannot be relied upon to provide a real and
personal righteousness which is in full conformity to the image of Christ."
Agreed! But sanctification is not a process that starts in this life and stops in this life.
Sanctification is a process by which God starts with His saved sinner, His elected, called,
justified, sinner - who is now a saint - and He begins to make him like the Son of God, Jesus
Christ. And it begins more and more to destroy the works of the flesh and disobedience and
more and more to incorporate obedience to that law and that process will be completed in
glorification. What a jump that will be! Think of it, brothers and sisters, we won't sin anymore
in Heaven. And it is us who will not sin anymore in Heaven. And it won't just be we'll be in
Heaven because Jesus didn't sin. We are there because Jesus didn't sin, but when we get there,
God will complete His sanctifying process in glorification. And glorification does not simply
mean we get new bodies. Glorification means we get new life. We get new bodies and new
spirits that are made perfect in holiness. That's what this man believes! And that's what - if you
think he doesn't believe it - you have to demonstrate.
In the middle of that page we read,
"The Apostle John plainly says that true believers do sin. If we say that we have no sin,
we deceive ourselves and the truth is not in us. If we say we have no sin we make Christ
a liar. If we sin we have an Advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous."
This is true. But if you'll notice in that very passage, sin is described as breaking the law. Keep
that in mind.
"It appears that Elder Kinnaird does not take into account the completeness of
Page four. Calvin was not perfect either. And when he writes in his Institutes,
" imagine that righteousness is composed of faith and works ..."1
I hope he is talking about somebody who erroneously says that and if he isn't, he's wrong.
Because righteousness is not composed either of faith or works. Righteousness is by faith. It is
composed of the grace of God, based on the righteousness of Christ and His passive obedience
and received by faith alone without any contribution on our part. That is what this man believes.
Now we get to Romans 2:13 and that is a thorny passage and there is not agreement among all
commentaries. I've checked them all - Cranfield, Murray, Hodge, Ridderbos. The one says the
one thing and the one says the other and there are some theologians that say, there's nothing here
that's actual, it's all theoretical. It's all theoretical impossibility. It doesn't describe anything
that really ever happens anywhere in the world or nor will it. And there are others that say, now
wait a minute, look at the words. On the Day of Judgment the doers of the law will be justified.
What does that mean? Well, that's a hermeneutical question. It's a question of exegesis. But if
Mr. Kinnaird happens to in his sermon to have quoted that verse, don't complain that he's
viewpoint is heretical. He's just bringing you the Bible.
On the last page,
"It appears to be a flaw in Elder Kinnaird's teaching that he fails to relate the great
central doctrines of the Biblical system in the same way than our Scriptures and Standards
relate them."
That's begging the question. That's exactly the point that needs to be proven. If Mr. Kinnaird
arranges things differently than you do, you have to show that his arrangement is not the
arrangement of the Confession. Not just that he understands the system slightly differently than
you do.
"To sum up, Elder Kinnaird has redefined justification by faith."
Prove it!
"He has tried to combine both faith and the works of the law for justification."
Prove it! We stipulate and agree that anyone who
" redefines justification to limit its fullness, completeness, and efficacious character, so
that after justification we do not have yet enough righteousness, or even the right kind of
righteousness that is required at the judgment."
Such a person would be a heretic. I would be a heretic, if I believed that. But I don't and Mr.
Kinnaird does not teach it.
Sanctification is the beginning of conformity to Christ that is climaxed in glorification. In
between that sanctification of our life here on earth and its final perfection in glory - in between
is the Day of Judgment. And God says, 'In that Day, I will have a look at what I've done thus far
and according to how I find My work, My fingerprints, My handiwork, in these ones in
accordance with that finding, I will say to them, You're mine. Come and be with Me forever.
And guess what? In the instant that you come to be with Me, you will never sin at all - again - or
ever.' And we will say, "O Lord, you are too much. Please look at Christ. Don't look at us. We
only trust Him. We don't trust our works." And He will say, "I know."
Winward: Thank you, Mr. Tyson. Having heard both opening statements, we are at the point in
these proceedings where the accusers will make a presentation on the first specification.
AW: Just a point ... a question?
Winward: Mr. Wilkening.
AW: Is it the intent of the court to break in the middle of the specification for lunch, given the
time we are at now? Is it better we do that, or is it better we arrange a lunch break either earlier
or later? Just a question I have for the procedure, for the orderly process of the court.
Winward: Right. It had occurred to me as well. It is ten of twelve. This is a natural breaking
point and I indicated at the very beginning that I wasn't going to stick hard and fast to the twelvethirty.
Is there some agreement to break for lunch now so that we can ... so that the continuity of
the proceedings to come...O.K. Let's do that now. Let's be back here at ten of one. One hour.
Do we need an hour? Forty-five? Forty-five minutes. All right. Do I hear fifty? (Laughter.)
All right. Forty-five minutes that would bring us back here at 12:35. Twelve-thirty five. We'll
recess until then.
1 Kuschke, Arthur. Doctrinal Statement. "A great part of men," says Calvin, "imagine that righteousness is
composed of faith and works." (Institutes III, 11, 13), p. 4.


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Foreign direct investment can play an important role in financing development, with multinational enterprises also providing employment, technology transfer and access to international markets. Between 2005 and 2014, foreign direct investment flows to non-OECD countries more than doubled in absolute terms since 2012, these countries receive more than 50% of the global total, compared to 35% in 2005. Recently, however, some types of international investment in emerging and developing economies have started to decline. There are important warning signs that these investment flows could experience a sharp slowdown over the coming years (or could even reverse in some cases). This chapter examines these trends, the main factors shaping them and their implications.Challenge piece by Karl P. Sauvant, Columbia Center on Sustainable Investment. Opinion pieces by Andrew Chipwende, Industrial Development Corporation, Zambia; Shaun Donnelly, United States Council for International Business; James Zhan, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.


The Working Group I contribution to the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (WGI AR5) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis was prepared following the IPCC Principles and Procedures, as outlined in the graphic.
IPCC Panel Initiates Assessment Report The IPCC Panel decides whether to prepare an IPCC Assessment Report, including the overall structure and the scientific areas to be considered by each Working Group. The outline of the Report is developed through a scoping process involving climate change experts from all relevant disciplines and users of IPCC reports, including representatives from governments. The scoping meeting to define the outline of the AR5 was held in Venice, Italy, 13-17 July 2009.
The outline and structure of the contribution of each Working Group to an Assessment Report is developed by the Working Group Bureau in consultation with experts, governments and observer organisations. The outlines of the Working Group contributions to AR5 were approved by the 31st Session of the IPCC meeting in Bali, Indonesia, 26-29 October 2009, together with a revised timetable. IPCC Panel Initiates Assessment Report Publication Before publication, Coordinating Lead Authors and Lead Authors address any changes to the text in the underlying chapters arising from approved changes to the Summary for Policymakers. Most IPCC Reports are published commercially. A limited number of free copies may be provided to experts from developing countries and countries with economies in transition. At the time of publication, the First Order and Second Order Drafts of the Report, their review comments, and the associated responses to the comments are made publicly available, usually by posting on the relevant IPCC website(s). Publication Governments Nominate Experts as Authors and Review Editors Governments and observer organizations are invited to nominate experts who can serve as Coordinating Lead Authors (CLA), Lead Authors (LA), and Review Editors (RE) for the Report. For WGI AR5, there were over 1000 nominations from 63 countries. Governments Nominate Experts as Authors and Review Editors Accepts Report At the Working Group Session the SPM is approved and the underlying Report is accepted. The Report is then provided to the Panel for acceptance. Accepts Report Approves SPM Line-by-Line A Session of the Working Group(s) is convened to approve the Summary for Policymakers line-by-line. For WGI AR5 this took place in Stockholm, Sweden, 23-26 September 2013. Approves SPM Line-by-Line WG Bureau Selects Authors and Review Editors Coordinating Lead Authors, Lead Authors, and Review Editors are selected by the relevant Working Group(s) Bureau from the nominations received. Further experts can be invited by the WG Bureau to fill gaps in expertise. Selection of Coordinating Lead Authors, Lead Authors, and Review Editors reflects the requirements for appropriate expertise; a balance of disciplines; and geographic and gender balance, including ensuring representation of experts from developed and developing countries and countries with economies in transition as well as ensuring involvement of those who have not been involved with IPCC before.
A total of 258 Lead Authors and Review Editors from 44 countries were selected for WGI AR5. Nominees not selected as authors or Review Editors are invited to be Expert Reviewers of the Report.
WG Bureau Selects Authors and Review Editors Final Goverment Distribution The Final Draft of the Report is distributed prior to a Session of the relevant Working Group(s) inviting governments to submit additional comments on the Final Draft of the Summary for Policymakers. There were 1,855 written comments on the Final Draft of the WGI AR5 Summary for Policymakers from 32 governments. Final Goverment Distribution Authors Prepare First Order Draft The writing process is normally initiated by a meeting of all Coordinating Lead Authors and Lead Authors (Lead Author meeting). At this meeting, a more detailed structure is developed for the Report and tasks are allocated to chapter team members. The writing process starts and the First Order Draft is finalised shortly after the second Lead Author meeting.
The WGI AR5 First Lead Author Meeting was held in Kunming, China, from 08 to 11 November 2010, and the Second Lead Author Meeting was held in Brest, France, from 18 to 22 July 2011.


The New Orleans Saints are cutting veteran running back Pierre Thomas.
Thomas was due $2.1 million next season.
Thomas caught 45 passes for 378 yards and one touchdown and rushed for 222 yards and two touchdowns last season.
Thomas has played for the Saints since 2007 when he went undrafted out of Illinois.
Thomas has 3,745 career rushing yards and 28 touchdowns with 327 receptions for 2,608 yards and 12 touchdowns.
In the win over the Colts in Super Bowl XLIV, Thomas caught six passes for 55 yards and a touchdown with 30 rushing yards on nine carries.


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How is Flour Made?
Flour is a powder made by finely grinding cereal grains, usually wheat, and is used to make all sorts of wonderful food including bread, cakes and pasta. The history of flour goes back to prehistoric times, when wheat berries were ground into a powder to make a type of early bread. Today, flour is a vital ingredient in thousands of recipes and is made the world over, but how is flour produced? Read on to find out.
Engineering How It's Made
It's fair to say that flour is a superstar ingredient which boasts incredible versatility. In the UK alone we produce around five million tons of flour each year.
There are in fact many different types of flour, including self-raising flour, bread flour, gluten-free flour and rice flour. All have particular properties that make them suitable for different types of cooking and baking.
However, before we answer the question 'how is flour manufactured', we'll take a trip back in time. A long, long way back in time.
Flour - A Short History
Rolling pin and flour (Photo: Yulia Naumenko via Getty Images)
Flour in its most basic form stretches far back into prehistory and has been made for thousands of years. The first evidence of flour production comes from ancient Egypt, where archaeologists have found wall paintings of women grinding grain into flour. Around 500 BC, the Greeks developed the first flour mill but it was the Romans who super-charged the process with the creation of watermills that could grind wheat into flour on an industrial scale.
This method of making flour quickly spread all over Europe and by the eleventh century, the Domesday Book recorded over 6,000 watermills in England. This historic flour-making process wasn't as refined as modern techniques and the wheat, barley and rye weren't broken down as much – resulting in coarse, gritty flour and dark bread. The process of how flour is made today is far more precise.
Fast-forward to the eighteenth century and the automated flour mill was invented in the USA. A century later, steam mills were developed that could mass-produce flour in vast quantities. Today, flour is made in factories with over 400 million tonnes of flour produced every year.
How Flour is Made
Examining flour inside wooden grinding machine in mill (Photo: SimonSkafar via Getty Images)
The process of making flour is fairly simple – in its most basic form a selected grain is ground up and the resulting powder is sifted to remove any impurities. The type of grain used to make flour depends on the type of flour being made. For example, wheat flour is made from wheat grain, while rice flour is made from rice grain. But there's more to it than this simple explanation, and here you'll find out the step-by-step process of how flour is made using a modern production process.
Types of Flour
As we've mentioned, there are many different types of flour produced in modern flour mills. High protein or hard wheat varieties are used to make bread flour, while lower protein or soft wheat varieties are used to produce flour used for cakes and pastry. Medium protein all-purpose flour sits somewhere in the middle. To make white flour, only the wheat kernel's soft inner part – the endosperm – is ground. This requires removing the kernel's hard skin known as bran, and its seed, called the germ.
Harvesting, Testing and Separation
The wheat is harvested and as soon as it arrives at the processing plant, a probe vacuums up randomly selected samples for testing. If the samples pass the stringent quality control tests, the wheat is sent to an underground conveyor. The wheat kernels are then passed through rollers that remove the bran and germ and crush the endosperm into small pieces called semolina.
The Sifting
Sifting the semolina removes the germ and any remaining larger bran pieces. Much of it is still covered in tiny bran particles so between each milling station is a purifier. This is a machine that uses controlled air currents to essentially 'float' the lighter bran above the heavier semolina which in turn enables sieves to separate the two.
The Blending
The protein content of wheat varies by species so the first step is to blend together the correct wheat for the type of flour being produced. From the blender the wheat goes through an intensive cleaning system that removes the tiniest of impurities such as seeds and dust.
The Milling
The milling is the most important element of the flour production process. The wheat is passed through a succession of progressively smaller milling machines. Each one grinds the grain between steel rollers. Particles too large to pass through continue to the next milling machine. By the final machine, whatever is still not completely processed gets vacuumed up to begin the cycle again. The finely ground semolina is sieved to make sure it doesn't leave the final milling machine until it's been ground to the perfect fineness.
At the end of the production process, the mill ends up with three distinct products. The bran is used for animal feed and baking; the wheat germ is sold into the health food market and the white wheat flour is the star of the show. Any leftover by-products go into livestock feed. Just before the flour is packed, it is enriched with vitamins and minerals which were lost when the bran and germ were removed.
The bags of flour in various sizes from 500g upwards are shaken to settle the product and then they're boxed up and sent off to supermarkets, restaurants, commercial bakeries and food producers. Tanker trucks which can hold as much as 20 tonnes transport bulk flour to huge industrial bakeries. This is the final step in the process of how flour is produced.
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Messes in our lives are exactly the same way. Some challenges that come into our lives are completely out of our control and catch us completely by surprise. We feel like we have been blindsided, spun around, flipped over upside down and inside out. Yet, other times, these challenges come from the little messes that become medium messes, that become large messes, that then become an out of control mega mess. How do I stop this pattern and learn to clean as I go in MY life?
The scripture that keeps running through my mind is from Psalm 139. The key verbs are search, know, try, know (again), see, and lead. It starts with searching and ends with leading. Isn't that what we want Father to do….search us, know us, and ultimately lead us??
23Search me, O God, and know my heart ; Try me and know my anxious thoughts ; 24 And see if there be any hurtful way in me, And lead me in the everlasting way.
When translated in Hebrew, "hurtful" means: pain, sorrow, idol, and "way" means road, path, journey, course of life, or direction." I want Father to look and see if there is pain or sorrow that may come from a choice I am making, or an idol that I am worshipping and putting before Him that will bring sorrow or pain. When choices I make lead me in a direction or on a journey that will take me to a place I never intended to be, I want Father to show me. Yes, it may be painful. Yes, it may require that I make changes in MY plans for MY life, but oh the pain and sorrow that I will not experience makes it all worthwhile.
My prayer for each and every one of you reading this is that when these challenges or messes enter into our lives that they will never turn into a MEGA mess. I pray each day that your mind is showered with truth and full of His grace. Ask Him each day to search you and to know you. When that anxiety begins to rise, ask Him to show you why it is there. Let Him lead you and guide you. Letting go of our plans can be hard, but in the end it will bring joy and peace we could have never imagined of dreamed of.
During our Unglued Bible Study, Lysa Terkeurst had us reflect on others who are affected by our decisions. That made me think about how my decisions not only affect my children and husband but my children's children will be impacted as well. It is amazing that when I am asking Father to search me that ultimately it will impact my children and their children. I want them to walk in truth and to lean on Him. I know you want that too.
Remember dear sisters that you are loved!!
What does your life look like? Does it look like you expected it to look at this stage of it?
Maybe you are in the middle of a situation right now. Maybe you just can't seem to shake those negative thoughts from your past and fear-based worries for your future. Maybe you KNOW all the "right" things and all the "right" scriptures, but you just can't wrap your arms around them to make them a reality. If that's the case, then ... CHOOSE HOPE!
Jesus is not a magic potion. You don't become a Christian and never have another problem. You can't just say, "I believe in Jesus" and magically everything in your life is now clear. We aren't promised everything will turn out the way we expect. And I'm not encouraging you to wish for some magical change to take place. On the contrary - I'm challenging you to be proactive with your life and to Choose Hope grounded in Christ as your Foundation.
We won't have all the answers and we won't find some new and perfect equation to solve all the problems in our lives. But, what I know we can all Choose Hope.
When you struggle with guilt from the past, choose hope. When you struggle with fears about the future, choose hope. When you can't yet believe and claim the promises you read in the Bible and hear about from others, you CAN choose hope.
Take responsibility for your life and Choose Hope. Put your hope in Jesus and He will carry you when you can't take another step. He will set you on solid ground and help you build anew. He will guide you along the path of becoming and give you strength to make the best decisions. He will teach you how to fly again and will even breathe new air under your wings.
even when nobody else seems to be.
And like Kari Jobe's song, "Steady My Heart" says, "Even when it hurts, even when it's hard, even when it all just falls apart. I will run to You, 'Cause I know that you are, Lover of my soul, Healer of my scars.
Choose to let Him steady your heart today!
Are you busy? Several years ago, I had an awakening to what it means to be busy. When my oldest, now 14, was a little guy, my husband owned his own delivery business. He delivered documents, groceries, prescriptions, t-shirts, flowers, King Cakes ... you name it. He delivered all over Baton Rouge and New Orleans and worked 12-15 hour days. I would run deliveries for him most days, packing our son into a carseat and driving all over town. I was nursing, running between naps, keeping up the house, keeping the books for our business, leading a small group for church, attending a small group at church, and building a house 30 minutes from where we lived. I felt rather busy. One night at our small group, a friend of mine who was newly married and very young, didn't work a job, was taking 9 hours in college, and her parents had given her a house for her and her husband to live in, said, "I almost didn't make it tonight. I'm just SO BUSY." I about came out of my skin! I gotta tell you, I was not exactly sympathetic with her that night - I didn't say anything to her, but I certainly wasn't going to console her for her "busy" schedule of taking 9 hours in school with NOTHING else on her plate and no mortgage.
For the next few days, I actually stewed over her innocent statement and then I came to a conclusion. We are ALL busy in our own ways! We can't compare our schedule to the schedule of others. God gives each of us what we can uniquely handle.
So, I ask you again, are you busy?
Will you serve a calendar? An emotion? A sleepless nite? A lesson plan? A client? Your checkbook? Your family? Your job? None of these in and of themselves are bad things, but when you serve them and put them above your personal growth and relationship with Jesus, they become idols. Even good things can become idols when they are put above God. Build your life on a solid foundation, THE solid Foundation.
Maybe He's already your Foundation, but maybe that's all He's allowed to be. Maybe you've been focused on asking God for things and asking Him to be on your side. Maybe it's time to ask what can you do for Him and evaluate whether or not you are on His side. Ask Him again what He wants you to become for His glory, and spend time listening to His answer.
It's a choice and you HAVE a choice – it's up to you!
stay where we are or continue growing.


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Home | News | Tibet
Nepal Arrests Dalai Lama's Envoy
The action comes as China tightens the screws on the Himalayan state.
Tibetan refugees cross a fence to circumvent Nepalese police preventing them from celebrating the Dalai Lama's birthday in Kathmandu, July 6, 2011.
Authorities in Nepal arrested on Friday the Dalai Lama's new representative in the Himalayan country after he held a news conference calling for protection of Tibetan refugee rights, sources said.
The arrest of Thinley Lama, volunteer coordinator of the Tibetan Refugee Welfare Office, came amid persistent pressure from Beijing urging the Nepalese government to stop "anti-China activities" by Tibetan refugees.
He was taken away and interrogated by police after he held a press conference asking the Nepal government to ensure the rights of the country's 20,000 Tibetan refugees under Nepal's new constitution.
The press conference, held at a Kathmandu hotel, was Thinley Lama's first since his June appointment.
Thinley Lama, a Nepali citizen, was expected to be released after signing specific "commitments," a source said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
"They want him to shackle himself in future press conferences," the source said.
'Persecution'
Rights groups criticized the Nepali government and called for strong action from the international community and an end to what they called "persecution" of Tibetan refugees in Nepal.
"I think this gesture—arresting this representative of the Tibetan government in exile—brings us to a new low," Sophie Richardson, Human Rights Watch's Asia advocacy director, told RFA.
"We have not seen behavior this specific, this aggressive, and frankly this baseless, in quite some time, and it is a very alarming development that requires a fairly vociferous response from the international community to make sure that the government of Nepal is upholding its obligations to Tibetans," she said.
China has been more aggressive in urging Nepal to take action against Tibetan refugees since last month when the new Chinese ambassador to Nepal, Yang Houlan, assumed office, news reports said.
Yang had reminded the Nepali government and political parties in the country against allowing any "anti-China activity" by Tibetans living in Nepal, the reports said.
Refugees under pressure
Tibetan refugees living in Nepal are under pressure to avoid asserting their national identity as their host country moves closer to its powerful northern neighbor China, analysts say.
Even religious ceremonies and community gatherings by Tibetans are increasingly viewed with suspicion by authorities in Nepal. They were also prevented from celebrating the birthday of the Dalai Lama last month.
Many of the refugees arrived in Nepal following a failed 1959 Tibetan uprising against Chinese rule in which thousands fled south across the Himalayas.
Many still flee Tibet each year, hoping to transit Nepal to India, home of Tibet's exiled spiritual leader the Dalai Lama and seat of the Tibetan government-in-exile.
At the press conference on Friday, Thinley referred to four treaties signed between Nepal and Tibet as two "sovereign countries" in 1645, 1789, 1792 and 1856, the Times of India reported.
He noted that on the basis of amicable relations with Tibet, earlier Nepali governments had given sanctuary to Tibetans forced to leave their countries as "political refugees," the report said.
China says there are no Tibetan "refugees," only illegal immigrants.
'Old treaties'
"I guess the thing that really 'got their goat' was that he referenced old treaties between Nepal and Tibet," said Mikel Dunham, an American writer and blogger on Nepal's politics who frequently travels to the country.
"That would not have gone down well, particularly with the new Chinese ambassador in Nepal, Yang Houlan, who seems to be the feistiest of all the [Chinese] ambassadors so far."
Sophie Robinson said the Nepali government has stepped up action against Tibetan refugees since regionwide riots and protests in Tibet in March 2008. The refugees had sympathized with their countrymen facing repression in Tibetan regions of China, she said.
"We've seen the Nepali government take a number of steps to either restrict the activities of Tibetans or to actively persecute them," Richardson said.
"We've certainly documented that in the treatment of Tibetans following the March 2008 protests that took place in Tibetan areas. People were protesting in sympathy in Kathmandu, and we documented some fairly horrific treatment at the hands of the Nepali authorities of people who were exercising their right to freedom of expression."
Controversial project
She also cited a controversial Chinese project aimed at transforming Lumbini, the birthplace of Lord Buddha in the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal.
"In that marvelously hypocritical way that the Chinese government has, even as Beijing is encouraging the locking up of Tibetans in Nepal, the Chinese government itself is in the middle of a $3 billion project to make Lumbini—which is the birthplace of the Buddha, and therefore one of the most sacred sites for Buddhists—a 'mecca for Buddhists,'" Robinson said.
Dunham said Beijing is using tourism to extend its increasing political influence in Nepal.
"It's clear that China is intent on positioning itself in Nepal as the main supporter for tourism," he said.
"They've got people in China now willing to spend money, and they're willing to ship them to Nepal to see the Buddhist sites and all of that, and Nepal could use the kind of economic boom that offers," Dunham said.
"But in order for that to be all nice and tidy for the Chinese, of course people like Thinley cannot be around raising dust in the background."
Reported by Richard Finney and Parameswaran Ponnudurai.
Groups, Activists Campaign Against China's Bid For UN Rights Council Seat
Nepal's Close Ties With China Weaken Tibetans' Human Rights Protections: Report
China Shuts Down Everest Route, Shifts Focus to Overseas Pandemic
Tibetans in Nepal Urged Not to Observe March 10 Uprising Anniversary
US Citizen Mistaken For Exile Tibetan Official Is Deported From Nepal
Nepal Orders 'Investigation' of Reporters Who Wrote About Dalai Lama
Tibetan Traders, Goods Blocked at Border Crossing With Nepal
China Builds Road to Nepal Border, Sets Up Flag
Nepal Police Break Up Tibetan Refugees' Celebration of Dalai Lama's Birthday
Tibetans in Nepal Take Stock of Damage Following Quake
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Orlando Attractions Update – Adding to it's ability to host major sporting competitions, ESPN Wide World of Sports at Walt Disney World is about to start construction on a new state-of-the-art Disney cheerleading and dance team venue.
Disney is planning to team up with the nation's top cheerleading organization, Varsity Spirit, to create the first venue in the world specifically designed for cheerleading and dance team competitions. The venue will include a flexible design for one large competition space that can be set up for as many as four competition areas. Additional areas are being tailored for warm up and practice, along with areas for judges and officials.
With the ability to seat over 8,000 guests, plus performance and warm-up space, the new multi-use sports and entertainment venue will also have the ability to host six regulation basketball courts, six regulation volleyball courts or concert configurations. There will be concessions throughout & an additional box office and entry to the complex.
ESPN Wide World of Sports Complex and Varsity Spirit will continue to host cheerleading events at the complex, including Varsity Spirit's annual National High School Cheerleading Championships. This event draws more than 650 teams from more than 30 states and is the only National Championship endorsed by the National Federation of State High School Associations. Winning a white satin National Champion jacket is seen as the pinnacle of success for thousands of cheerleaders from across the country.
"Varsity Spirit invented the modern day cheerleading and dance competition, and we are proud to be the force behind this project, which represents our commitment to providing the very best and safest environment in the world for our athletes and coaches," said Jeff Webb, Founder and Chairman of Varsity Brands. "Since this building has been designed specifically for spirit teams, we can't wait to provide an even more high quality competition experience to thousands of athletes each year.
With a growth strategy that will include more competitions and record-setting participation, this new venue will draw athletes, spectators and fans from around the country and provide an even stronger, positive economic impact on Central Florida. While the venue will primarily host cheer and dance competitions and volleyball and basketball games, the venue will also be incorporated into the numerous new sports and entertainment offerings at the complex.
Construction is slated to begin on the Disney Cheerleading & Dance venue this month and is expected to take around 18 months to complete.
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I love this series and while I have read them in order, they can each stand alone as well. We get to meet three strong women who are faced with real problems and real decisions. When one falters, the others are there to pick herm up, just as we should be to each other. The characters are realistic, the storyline interesting, and this book has left me wanting to read more about these characters. I recommend this book to mystery/suspense lovers, both individuals and groups.
Thanks, Donna, for your kind review!
please let me know….ok? Thank You!
Next Next post: "Heart of Ice" in stores today!


Today we are showcasing Jennifer's fabulous card. It epitomises the glorious summer weather we are having at the moment.
As the weather is beautiful and sunny I decided to show you another seaside card.
stencil is laid onto the card, the lighthouse will be in the centre of the coloured nestie shape and the rest of the image will be outside the shape. Colour in the shape of the nestie with the blue distress ink.
Lay the stencil over the inked card and spread the black stars sparkle medium over the stencil using the palette knife. Remove excess medium and return to jar. Carefully lift up the stencil and leave the image to dry.
When dry, blend the distress ink around the card edges and stamp the swirl stamp in blue then in black to represent the sea.
Punch all four corners with the corner punch.Matt the image onto the black card. Stamp the boat onto white card using black ink. Colour the sail with blue distress ink and the boat with black stars sparkle medium.
Cut out the boat and fix to the sea using silicone glue.
Well our Sue has been crafting this weekend! Playing with new products that will hit our screens on 11 July 2013 at 11.00 pm on QVC. Jealous I hear you say, Yes is my answer! Here is what she has made it looks fantastic! I am sure you will agree.
"Sue is going back to her Paint Effect roots!!
Using the brand new Imagination Paint and MDF kits to be launched on QVC on 11 July 2013.
Sue has painted and antiqued 6 x 6 MDF sheets, using MDF paint, Imagination Crackle Medium, Gilding Flakes on the Butterfly Charm, Gilding Wax and Ruby Gold Sparkle medium with the stunning new Frame Stencils Jayne has designed for the Show.
The Crackle and Gilding Wax don't show up as well as they should on a photo but in real life it is a real class piece..................watch this space for more to come. "


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John C. Ekman, Partner
Financial Services and Bankruptcy
John C. Ekman
jekman@foxrothschild.com
John is a trial lawyer with a national practice in complex commercial litigation and class actions involving a wide range of industries.
A skilled litigator with extensive courtroom experience, John frequently cross-examines causation and damages experts and other witnesses in cases involving multiple parties.
His trial resume includes a precedent-setting financial services verdict. The three-week jury trial in U.S. District Court in Minnesota, which he tried alongside Fox Partner Eric Nystrom, resulted in a judgment of more than $17 million in favor of American Bank of St. Paul and 25 other banks. The case is believed to be the first reported verdict in the country in which a bank was held liable for aiding and abetting the fraud of one of its customers and the only time a bank has been held liable for conspiracy to commit fraud.
In 2017, John defended a manufacturer in a month-long jury trial in San Francisco. The case, arising out of a large construction project, involved multiple defendants. Among other witnesses, John cross-examined two of the plaintiffs' causation and damages experts.
Extensive Trial Experience
John honed his skills as a trial attorney with the Civil Division of the U.S. Department of Justice, where he developed a detailed knowledge of government contract law. John defended the government against contract claims brought by nuclear utilities against the Department of Energy over its failure to begin disposing of spent nuclear fuel at Yucca Mountain and made the closing argument in the first spent fuel case to go to trial. He was lead trial counsel for the government in lawsuits brought by Southern Nuclear and Pacific Gas & Electric, and cross-examined the utilities' damages experts in numerous other cases.
Over nearly two decades, John has defended numerous class actions brought under myriad federal and state statutes against financial institutions and other businesses. He also has extensive experience defending clawback and discharge cases in bankruptcy courts across the country.
Businesses in a wide variety of industries rely on John's skills as a trial attorney. He has a wealth of experience in financial services, manufacturing, government contracts and construction. John has defended or prosecuted claims involving issues that include contract and warranty, fraud and other business torts, deceptive trade practices, shareholder oppression, the Sherman Act and RICO.
Selected Reported Decisions
American Bank of St. Paul v. TD Bank, N.A., 713 F.3d 455 (8th Cir. 2013) (affirming entry of judgment in favor of plaintiffs)
Indiana Michigan Power Co. v. U.S., 422 F.3d 1369 (Fed. Cir. 2005) (affirming trial court's finding of no damages in first spent fuel case to go to trial)
Southern Nuclear Operating Co. v. U.S., 77 Fed. Cl. 396 (2007) (trial court decision following two-week trial)
Pacific Gas & Elec. Co. v. U.S., 74 Fed. Cl. 333 (2006) (trial court decision following three-week trial)
Yankee Atomic Elec Co. v. U.S., 73 Fed. Cl. 249 (2006) (trial court decision following seven-week trial)
Canal Elec. Co. v. U.S., 65 Fed. Cl. 650 (2005) (granting government's motion to dismiss)
John is president of Park Valley United FC, a Minneapolis-area community soccer club.
Named as a "Minnesota Super Lawyer" by Super Lawyers Magazine (2013-2019)
The U.S. Department of Justice's 2006 John Marshall Award for Outstanding Legal Achievement for Trial of Litigation
U.S. Department of Justice-Civil Division Perseverance Award (Dec. 2004)
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Third Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit
U.S. Court of Appeals, Eleventh Circuit
U.S. District Court, District of Columbia
U.S. District Court, Western District of Wisconsin
U.S. District Court, Eastern District of Wisconsin
U.S. District Court, Northern District of Illinois
U.S. District Court, District of North Dakota
University of Wisconsin-Madison (J.D., cum laude, 1997)
University of Wisconsin-Madison (M.A., 1997)
Oberlin College (B.A., 1992)


Africa Everything is taking it's movement on the road to Ghana for our RHYTHM & ROOTS TOUR April 19th to 29th 2019. Our collective felt it is only right for us to empower people in the diaspora to travel to Africa. We are also honoring the Diaspora Return Call to Ghana will you be coming with us?
What better place to start than Ghana known as the Gold Coast. Come and join us by exploring all the magic, history and wonderful culture of Ghana. We want to say traveling to Ghana was eye opening and filled with unforgettable moments of greatness.
We will visit historical sites in Accra, and enjoy the rhythms and sounds of Ghana nightlife; you will also experience the wonderful flavors of Ghanaian Food and have a several chance to purchase wonderful art and artifacts from local artisans.
We will visit historical sites on our way to Cape Coast & Elmina the slave dungeons used during the Trans-Atlantic Slave trade where our ancestors were enslaved and taken to unknown horrors.
Grab an RSVP if you are interested in traveling with us and exploring Ghana as a collective. A full travel itinerary will be sent to you if you're interested in exploring Africa with Africa Everything.
Ghana was the first country in sub-Saharan Africa to gain independence post-colonialism. It gained its independence on March 6, 1957.
Ghana's 24 million people comprise six major ethnic groups that break into more than 60 smaller ones.
The six larger groups are the Akan (Ashanti and Fanti), the Ewe, the Ga-Adangbe, the Mole-Dagbani, the Guan and the Gruma. Like most other African nations, Ghana has rich, traditional cultures that differ from one ethnic group to another.
Along with different ethnic groups and cultures, 52 separate languages and hundreds of dialects are spoken in Ghana. The official language is English — a residual of British colonial rule, from which Ghana gained independence in 1957.
Until its independence, Ghana was known as the Gold Coast. It was renamed Ghana, meaning "Warrior King," to reflect the ancient Ghana Empire that flourished in West Africa during the 10th century.
Ghana is one of a handful of countries vying for the title of 'closest to the equator', so you aren't likely to find a climate more tropical than this. As such, Ghana doesn't have four seasons, but rather two, one wet and one dry. It's also pretty hot, reaching about 30°C or 86°F on most days.
COME JOIN AFRICA EVERYTHING IN GHANA! WE CAN NOT WAIT TO SHOW YOU AROUND!
ALL TRAVEL WILL BE HANDLES BY ACCESS AFRICA, OVER 40 YEARS IN THE INDUSTRY OF AFRICA TRAVEL.
To promote and generate increased tourism awareness to Africa through custom packaged tours around events in Africa, incentive tours, meeting and conferences.
Website: www.accessafrica.com or follow them @accessafrica_ to book your next adventure !


text:
Q: How do I use merge sort to sort high scores out? def sort(data):

    if len(data) > 1:
        midpoint = int(len(data) / 2)
    left, right = sort(data[:midpoint]), sort(data[midpoint:])

    sort(left, right)

def sort(left, right):

    result = []
    left_pointer = right_pointer = 0

    while left_pointer < len(left) and right_pointer < len(right):
        result.append(left[left_pointer])
        left_pointer += 1

    else:

        result.append(right[right_pointer])
        right_pointer += 1

    result.extend(left[left_pointer:])
    result.extend(right[right_pointer:])

    return result

sort([3, 1, 2])

The task I need to do is the following
"The next issue with the game is the high score table: it is not sorted. This needs to be fixed. Therefore, this task is to implement a sorting algorithm of your choice into task2_sort.py. We will award marks proportional to the complexity of the algorithm you implement. Therefore, implementing Merge sort will get more marks than Bubble sort, but you are free to implement a typically even faster algorithm such as Quick sort.
The high scores consist of a list of lists of the form: [[score1, name1], [score2, name2], ... ], where score is the value you need to sort, and name is a string. Accessing the data is similar to indexing a list, but you then need to access the score of each element through indexing the zero'th element of the sub list.
For example, to access the score of the first element of data is data[0][0], and the second element of data is data[1][0].
The task stated what else do I need to do in order for this to work iv been looking online for ages but it only shows how to do it in another file"
The game launches but when you get a game over the game crashes
This is the error "line 55, in add
self.score_data = sort(self.score_data)
TypeError: sort() missing 1 required positional argument: 'right'"

A: If you define a variable, then you give it a new value, then the old value is gone (or at least inaccessible to you).
x = 5
x = 3
print(x)

3

This is also true of functions. Functions are objects, and the name "sort" can only refer to one of them.
def sort(data):
    print ('sort was called with one argument')
    data.sort()

def sort(left, right):
    print ('sort was called with two arguments')
    return left + right

data = [5, 1, 3, 4, 2]
sort(data)
print(data)

builtins.TypeError: sort() missing 1 required positional argument: 'right'

If we look above, we see that python is correct. You defined sort as taking two arguments left and right. The other sort is no longer accessible as its name has been reused.
Normally mergesort would use a helper function called "merge" but you called it "sort" thus making it impossible to access the function that used to be called "sort"
I suspect you were expecting c++ polymorphism, but that's not python.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New Netflix series features trip to the North Fork
by Grant Parpan on July 14th, 2017
Actors Cobie Smulders and Keegan-Michael Key film a scene from the fifth episode of "Friends from College" at Macari Vineyards in September. (Credit: Vera Chinese)
(Warning: This post contains spoilers about the new Netflix series "Friends from College").
A failed pregnancy isn't the most likely occasion to send a group of friends off on a bus trip from New York City to the North Fork, but that's the premise behind an episode of the new Netflix series "Friends from College," which debuted today.
The fifth episode, "Party Bus," features actors Keegan Michael-Key ("Key & Peele") and Cobie Smulders ("How I Met Your Mother") attempting to escape the heartache of a failed IVF pregnancy by going wine tasting on Long Island.
"The North Fork … they make wine on Long Island?" Key's character Ethan says as he stumbles across a blog post about "unsouring your grapes" with a trip to Long Island.
While the show has been met with sour reviews, I have to admit I got a few chuckles from the plethora of local references in this particular episode. They didn't get it quite right and the show isn't particularly funny, but the episode is worth a watch for any fan of Long Island Wine Country — even if it will annoy you at times.
Cobie Smulders and Keegan-Michael Key on the Mattituck set of the new Netflix series "Friends From College." (Credit: Vera Chinese)
Here are five observations from the episode:
• "I'm excited to explore the burgeoning new Long Island wine scene with you guys," Ethan says. "Some are calling it the new Napa."
• There's a sign in the tasting room they visit that says: "Stirring Cup Winery: New York Winery of the Year 2015." Like most of the episode, it was filmed at Macari Vineyards in Mattituck.
• They crash the party bus on the LIRR overpass on South Jamesport Avenue.
• They get way more wasted than you really should at a winery and end their trip with a meal at the Riverside McDonald's. I suppose that's been done before.
• Other familiar faces in the episode include Fred Savage ("Wonder Years") and Nat Faxon ("Married," Oscar-winning screenwriter of "The Descendants.")
HBO's "Girls" also featured an escape from NYC to the North Fork filming in Greenport and East Marion in 2013. They were kind enough to let us on set for photos with the stars. (As you can tell from our photos, the "Friends from College" crew made us keep more of a distance). Amazon's "Z: The Beginning of Everything" and Hulu's "The Path" also filmed on the North Fork in 2016.
The upcoming Netflix movie "The Week Of" starring Adam Sandler and Chris Rock might also include some wine country activities, though I don't believe they actually filmed here. The film's producers did, however, reach out to us recently for permission to feature the Long Island Wine Press in the film. As our editor Vera Chinese recently said, "Even if it's just Adam Sandler holding up our magazine saying it sucks, it will be worth it." She then signed the release.
Grant Parpan is the content director for Times Review Partners, a division of Times Review Media Group in Mattituck. Grant joined the Times Review staff in 2006 as a reporter and has covered nearly every beat in the newsroom. He currently writes about lifestyle and business content, including writing about the North Fork food, wine and arts scenes for northforker.com. Grant began his career in 2003 as a reporter and editor at The Signal, a daily newspaper in Santa Clarita, California. In his career, he has won dozens of awards from the New York Press Association, the Associated Press, the National Newspaper Association and the Press Club of Long Island.
Filming on the North Fork Friends from College Macari Vineyards
Where to keep warm while enjoying wine outside this winter
Just because it's winter does not mean we have to drink wine cooped up...
First Look: Meadowlark North Fork now open in Cutchogue
Macari Vineyards has reinvented its Cutchogue tasting room, transforming it into a space where...
Macari winemaker Byron Elmendorf is exploring untapped potential
Touring a vineyard property, it's easy to see so much potential everywhere you look. ...


The Summer Fun Program is open to all incoming TK/Kindergarten through sixth grade children. Registration for the Summer Fun Program is separate from the School Age Program registration. The Summer Fun Program offers a wide variety of camp activities in which a child may participate. These include: art activities, games, science experiments, physical fitness, field trips, guest speakers and other enrichment activities based on weekly themes. Field trips are available at an additional cost. Summer Fun T-shirts must be worn on all field trips. Please register your children only for the summer weeks they will be attending.


"It looks like things are moving along with Akira at last. After nearly twenty years in limbo, Hollywood is making progress with its live-action adaptation of Katsuhiro Otoma's iconic manga. According to new reports, Akira is moving forward, and it is doing so with some star-studded crew members.
According to The Hollywood Reporter, Akira is making headway in California. The trade is reporting the live-action adaptation is being headed up by Taika Waititi, the director behind films like Thor: Ragnarok. He will be joined by producer Leonardo DiCaprio (via Appian Way) as well as Andrew Lazar.
The report came courtesy of a recent tax credit reveal published by the California Film Commissions's Film & TV Tax Credit Program. It turns out Akirawill film in California and receive a tax credit to the tune of $18.5 million.
So far, Warner Bros. Pictures has yet to cast any talent for the adaptation.
Fans are eyeing the project with caution as Akira has become somewhat of a myth amongst film fans. The title is heralded as one of Japan's most famous as Otoma's post-apocalyptic series helped genre-bend the science fiction realm. Now, fans are curious how a war-torn take of Tokyo will be brought to life in California for filming, but this tax credit could go a long way in setting stages for Akira."
This is one of those films that's going to have a hard time meeting expectations--if it ever gets made.


text:
Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp Announces the Receipt of a $2.35 Million Delivery Order from the U.S. Navy and its Second Quarter Results for Fiscal Year 2010
Dépèche transmise le 16 novembre 2009 par Business Wire
CARLSTADT, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Tel-Instrument Electronics Corp ("TIK") is pleased to announce the receipt of a $2.35 million delivery order from the Navy on November 12, 2009 for 99 CRAFT pilot production units. This order includes 79 AN/APM-719 ("Mode 5 IFF) test sets and 20 AN/APM-708 (CRAFT full function) test sets. It is expected that shipments of the AN/APM-719 will begin late this quarter and that the order will be completed in the current fiscal year. Jeff O'Hara, the Company's President and Chief Operating Officer, said, "this Navy order is extremely important as it helps fill the production hole resulting from several delayed government orders, and should allow the Company to return to profitable operations in the fourth quarter of this fiscal year. The AN/APM-708 is a critical product for the Company as the Navy Indefinite Delivery/Indefinite Quantity ("IDIQ") contract includes up to 750 of these units and the commencement of production shipments in calendar year 2010 would form a strong revenue base for the Company for years to come. We have begun building AN/APM-708 pilot production units and have scheduled the Navy Test Readiness Review ("TRR") for the CRAFT AN/APM-708 program in January 2010. A successful TRR and design verification testing ("DVT") for this test set represent key milestones for the Company and will represent the culmination of a several year and multi-million dollar engineering effort. This product also has significant upside potential for other military customers and significant orders are expected in the next 12 months."
As projected in the 10K report for fiscal year 2009, sales and profitability for the first six months of the current fiscal year were well below year ago levels. For this period sales fell 36%, to $4.7 million, and the Company recorded a net loss of $592,149 as compared to $433,662 in net income in the prior year. The decline in sales and profits resulted from a combination of the current difficult national economic environment, delays in several major anticipated government orders, increased new product engineering costs associated with the TS-4530A Army Mode 5 program, and increased legal and professional fees. The Company believes that revenues will improve commencing in the fourth quarter of this fiscal year due in part due to the Navy CRAFT order referenced above, and the Company expects to be profitable in the fourth quarter of this fiscal year and return to strong profitability in the next fiscal year starting in April 2010.
The Company continues to make substantial engineering investments in the AN/USM-708 and the Army TS-4530A programs and engineering outlays for the first six months of the year total $1.7 million, or almost 36% of revenues. The Company has experienced delays on two of its major programs (AN/USM-708 and AN/ARM-206) which have both increased development cost and time and delayed production shipments and revenues. These problems have been addressed and the designs for both programs are expected to be substantially complete this fiscal year. These two programs, as well as the TS-4530A, are critical to the future of the Company as these three government contracts represent almost $80 million of potential orders. Upon completion of the engineering development for these major programs, starting in the next fiscal year, the associated design and test costs will begin to decline. With the projected large-volume production deliveries of the AN/USM-708, AN/USM-719, AN/APM-206 and TS-4530A, all expected within the next 12 months, the Company is poised to substantially increase the size and profitability of its business.
At September 30, 2009 the Company's backlog stood at approximately $18.3 million as compared to approximately $10.0 million at September 30 2008. The backlog at September 30, 2009 includes only the amount of currently exercised delivery orders on open IDIQ contracts, and is expected to materially increase when the volume production orders for the two large Navy contracts are received. Historically, the Company obtains a substantial volume of orders which are required to be filled in less than twelve months, and, therefore, these anticipated orders are not reflected in the backlog. Approximately $14.3 million in orders is related to the TS-4530A program, and this amount is included in the backlog at September 30, 2009.
The Company is currently discussing with the bank another annual extension of its agreement until September 30, 2010. The bank has agreed to annual extensions for several years, and the Company is confident that the agreement will be extended to September 30, 2010. In order to ensure adequate funding, in light of the losses in the first two quarters, the Company increased its borrowing under its bank credit agreement by $150,000 to $600,000, leaving approximately $250,000 available at September 30, 2009, and raised an additional $520,000 of capital from Directors, through a combination of sales of new shares and the exercise of previously granted stock options. All other shareholders were given the opportunity to purchase additional shares of stock at the same price paid by the directors, but none chose to participate. TIC continues to explore additional financing options to provide greater flexibility in running its business and to better support the expected doubling in the size of our business in the next 12 months as well as to capitalize on other potential opportunities.
The Annual Meeting of Shareholders will be held on December 16, 2009, at the Company's facilities at, 728 Garden Street, Carlstadt, NJ, at 4:00 p.m.
This press release includes statements that are not historical in nature and may be characterized as "forward-looking statements," including those related to future financial and operating results, benefits, and synergies of the combined companies, statements concerning the Company's outlook, pricing trends, and forces within the industry, the completion dates of capital projects, expected sales growth, cost reduction strategies, and their results, long-term goals of the Company and other statements of expectations, beliefs, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends, and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. All predictions as to future results contain a measure of uncertainty and, accordingly, actual results could differ materially. Among the factors which could cause a difference are: changes in the general economy; changes in demand for the Company's products or in the cost and availability of its raw materials; the actions of its competitors; the success of our customers; technological change; changes in employee relations; government regulations; litigation, including its inherent uncertainty; difficulties in plant operations and materials; transportation, environmental matters; and other unforeseen circumstances. A number of these factors are discussed in the Company's previous filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company disclaims any intention or obligation to update any forward-looking statements as a result of developments occurring after the date of this press release.
Tel-Instrument is a leading designer and manufacturer of avionics test and measurement solutions for the global commercial air transport, general aviation, and government/military aerospace and defense markets. Tel-Instrument provides instruments to test, measure, calibrate, and repair a wide range of airborne navigation and communication equipment. For further information please visit our website at www.telinstrument.com.
The Company's stock is traded in the NYSE Amex under the symbol TIK.


text:
Chenanisuchus est un genre éteint de crocodiles de la famille des dyrosauridés ayant vécu de la fin du Crétacé supérieur (Maastrichtien) jusqu'à la fin du Paléocène, soit il y a environ entre  et  millions d'années.

Sa seule espèce connue est Chenanisuchus lateroculi, décrite en 2005 par ,   et .

Elle est connue en Afrique, dans le Nord du Mali et au Maroc. C'est une espèce qui a survécu à la grande extinction Crétacé-Paléogène il y a environ 66 millions d'années.

Description
L'espèce mesurait  de long. Elle est caractérisée par un museau assez court.

Étymologie
Le nom du genre Chenanisuchus est une combinaison reprenant le nom de la localité type, Chenane (dans le bassin d'Ouled Abdoun), suivie de suchus, dérivé du grec soukos, « crocodile ».

L'épithète spécifique, lateroculi, dérivée du latin , « latéral », et , « yeux », fait référence à l'orientation latérale de ses orbites.

Publication originale

Notes et références

Références taxinomiques

Articles connexes
 Dyrosauridae

Dyrosauridae
Genre d'archosaures préhistoriques (nom scientifique)
Sauropside du Paléocène
Diapside du Crétacé supérieur
Paléontologie au Mali
Paléontologie au Maroc
Taxon fossile décrit en 2005


NEW BOOKS: Conflicts of the Twentieth Century & Their Aftermaths.
We Will Not Be Silenced; The Academic Repression of Israel's Critics by William Robinso &, Maryam Griffin. AK Press, 2017 paper. Academic freedom confronts the Israel lobby in Washington, D.C.
On Antisemitism; Solidarity and the Struggle for Justice in Palestine by Judith Butler. Haymarket, 2017 paper. Butler cautions that criticism of Israeli policy toward the Palestinians should not be considered as anti-Semitism.
Anatomy of Terror; From the Death of bin Laden to the Rise of the Islamic State by Ali Soufan. W.W. Norton, 2017. Our assassination of bin Laden was supposed to lead to the demise of radical Islamic affiliates of his al-Qaeda organization.
Sons and Soldiers; The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler by Bruce Henderson. William Morrow, 2017 Some 2000 German-speaking Jews formed into interrogation units to question German POWs. They were known as the Ritchie Boys.
The Kamikaze Hunters; Fighting for the Pacific: 1945 by Will Iredale. A new form of warfare – the suicide pilot – seems much less "foreign" to us in the twenty-first century.
The Untold Story of the Secret Capture by David Balme & Captain Peter Hore. Whittles, 2017 paper. Balme boarded a disabled German U-boat in the mid-Atlantic and captured one of the greatest secrets of WWII, the code used in the Enigma German machines.
Passchendaele; The Lost Victory of World War I by Nick Lloyd. Basic. A small, insignificant Flemish village was the site of a meaningless battle in the summer of 1917 when perhaps 500,000 men were killed or wounded, maimed, gassed, drowned, and all buried in this small corner of Belgium.
Humanitarians at War; The Red Cross in the Shadow of the Holocaust by Gerald Steinacher. Oxford University Press, 2017. The Red Cross was able to maintain its neutrality during WWII, but came under much criticism for both its opposition to the Allied de-Nazification efforts after the war and then the Cold War between former allies.
Allied Intelligence Handbook to the German Army, 1939 to 1945 by Stephen Bull. What did the Allies know about the German army? What were the sources of that knowledge?
The Guardians by Susan Pederson. Oxford University Press, 2017. Ending WWI, the Paris Peace Conference agreed to preserve French, British, Belgian, and Japanese dominions while handing out Ottoman territories and German colonies as "mandates" to the war's winners.
My Lai; Vietnam, 1968, and the Descent into Darkness by Howard Jones. Oxford University Press, 2017. The massacre of Vietnamese villagers by American troops; the massacre was suppressed, but then a confession by an American soldier.
← Watership Down by Richard Adams.


 Hotel – Humidity solutions.
Full Article can i buy phenergan over the counter in ireland Humidity solutions.
If the climate is humid at a hotel, for example, washing does not dry properly, which can make it start to smell and mould can form, and then the fabric needs to be discarded. By means of controlling the humidity, the relative humidity can be controlled even when the air conditioner is off. This prevents mold and indoor climate becomes much more pleasant to stay in, which is important at a hotel to make the guests feel comfortable.


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