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Global Material Handling Market
Material Handling Global Market Report 2021 - By Type (Automated Guided Vehicles, Automated Storage And Retrieval Systems, Trucks And Lifts, Cranes, Pallet Racking, Conveying Systems, Hoists), By Operations (Assembly, Distribution, Transportation), By End User (Food & Beverages, Automotive, Construction, Consumer Goods & Electronic, Pharmaceuticals, E-Commerce), COVID-19 Impact And Recovery
Starting Price : $4000.00 $3200.00 | Pages : 175 | Published : January 2021 | SKU CODE : | Delivery Time: 2-3 business days | Format :
The material handling market consists of sales of material handling machinery by entities (organizations, sole traders, or partnerships) that are engaged in manufacturing material handling machinery and equipment such as jib crane, pallet jack, vertical carousel, and others. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.
The global material handling market is expected to grow from $83.85 billion in 2020 to $92.48 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.3%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $127.26 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 8.3%.
The material handling market covered in this report is segmented by type into automated guided vehicles; automated storage and retrieval systems; trucks and lifts; cranes; pallet racking; conveying systems; hoists; others.
The growth of the material handling market witnessed growth owing to a rise in the e-commerce industry. According to the Census Bureau of the US Department of Commerce, retail e-commerce sales in the second quarter of 2020 hit $211.5 billion which is an increase of 31.8% from the first quarter of 2020. The increase in e-commerce is mostly driven by Covid-19 as people preferred shopping online rather than visiting any physical store. Rising e-commerce industry growth boosted the demand for material handling services and with this increase, the industry players in the material handling market are focusing on developing customized equipment and systems such as manufacturing engineered systems, smart warehousing, and remotely tracked transport vehicles. Therefore, the increase in online shopping is expected to drive the material handling market during the period.
Safety is one of the major challenges in the material handling market in construction sites. In construction sites, material handling equipment is a major cause of accidents though safety measures are being followed and monitored continuously. Material handling involves diverse operations at the construction sites such as hoisting tons of steel with a crane, driving a truck loaded with bricks and concrete, or operating any other material handling equipment including hydraulic excavators, lifting devices, and conveyor systems and lack of operational experience results in the number of accidents and deaths. For instance, according to a study published by the Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences on August 2020, there were around 25.3% of accidents were caused due to material handling at construction sites of Jeddah city of Saudi Arabia. Lack of safety and inexperienced workers at the construction sites results in more accidents in material handling and this can impact the material handling market negatively.
Lithium-ion technology is an emerging trend in the material handling market. Li-ion batteries are environmentally friendly and offer higher energy densities than lead-acid or nickel-metal hydride batteries. It can store more electricity and is mostly preferred for electric vehicles that are used in material handling. Additionally, Lithium-ion batteries are lightweight, charges quickly, and doesn't require cool-down intervals. For instance, Flux Power Holdings, Inc., a prime developer of advanced Li-ion batteries, launched the LiFT Pack L48 Li-ion battery pack at MODEX 2020. The battery is specifically designed for 3-wheel forklifts which are used in narrow aisle and high-performance warehouses. The battery offers high capacity and also demands minimum maintenance.
In April 2019, Daifuku Co. Ltd., a leading provider of material-handling equipment, acquired India-based Vega Conveyors & Automation Private Limited for an undisclosed amount. The acquisition will help Daifuku in setting up its Factory and Distribution Automation (FA&DA) division of its Indian subsidiary and also allow the expansion of manufacturing and distribution business segments within Asia. Vega Conveyors & Automation Pvt. Ltd. is a leader in producing ready, safe, and cost-effective systems in the field of conveying, material handling and packaging automation across industry segments.
The major players covered in the global material handling market are Toyota Industries Corporation, Daifuku Co. Ltd., Beumer Group, Liebherr Group, Dematic Group, Jungheinrich AG, Columbus McKinnon Corporation, Eisenmann AG, Crown Equipment Corporation, Schaefer Systems International Pvt Ltd, Hyster-Yale-Materials Handling, Viastore Systems, Hytrol Conveyor Co, Carolina Material Handling Services, EMH.
The countries covered in the global material handling market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.
The regions covered in the global material handling market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The global material handling market is segmented -
1) By Type: Automated Guided Vehicles, Automated Storage And Retrieval Systems, Trucks And Lifts, Cranes, Pallet Racking, Conveying Systems, Hoists, Others
2) By Operations: Assembly, Distribution, Transportation, Others
3) By End User: Food & Beverages, Automotive, Construction, Consumer Goods & Electronic, Pharmaceuticals, E-Commerce, Others
2. Material Handling Market Characteristics
3. Material Handling Market Trends And Strategies
4. Impact Of COVID-19 On Material Handling
5. Material Handling Market Size And Growth
5.1. Global Material Handling Historic Market, 2015-2020, $ Billion
5.2. Global Material Handling Forecast Market, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
6. Material Handling Market Segmentation
6.1. Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Automated Storage And Retrieval Systems
Trucks And Lifts
6.2. Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Operations, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
6.3. Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Consumer Goods & Electronic
7. Material Handling Market Regional And Country Analysis
7.1. Global Material Handling Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Material Handling Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Material Handling Market
8.1. Asia-Pacific Material Handling Market Overview
8.2. Asia-Pacific Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
9. China Material Handling Market
9.1. China Material Handling Market Overview
9.2. China Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F,$ Billion
10. India Material Handling Market
10.1. India Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
11. Japan Material Handling Market
11.1. Japan Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
12. Australia Material Handling Market
12.1. Australia Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Material Handling Market
13.1. Indonesia Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Material Handling Market
14.1. South Korea Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Material Handling Market
15.1. Western Europe Material Handling Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
16. UK Material Handling Market
16.1. UK Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
17. Germany Material Handling Market
17.1. Germany Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
18. France Material Handling Market
18.3. France Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
19. Eastern Europe Material Handling Market
19.1. Eastern Europe Material Handling Market Overview
19.2. Eastern Europe Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
20. Russia Material Handling Market
20.1. Russia Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
21. North America Material Handling Market
21.1. North America Material Handling Market Overview
21.2. North America Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
22. USA Material Handling Market
22.1. USA Material Handling Market Overview
22.2. USA Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
23. South America Material Handling Market
23.1. South America Material Handling Market Overview
23.2. South America Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
24. Brazil Material Handling Market
24.1. Brazil Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
25. Middle East Material Handling Market
25.1. Middle East Material Handling Market Overview
25.2. Middle East Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
26. Africa Material Handling Market
26.1. Africa Material Handling Market Overview
26.2. Africa Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
27. Material Handling Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
27.1. Material Handling Market Competitive Landscape
27.2. Material Handling Market Company Profiles
27.2.1. Toyota Industries Corporation
27.2.2. Daifuku Co., Ltd.
27.2.3. Beumer Group
27.2.4. Liebherr Group
27.2.5. Dematic Group
29. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Material Handling Market
29. Material Handling Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
Table 3: Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 4: Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Operations, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 5: Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 6: Global Material Handling Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 7: Global Material Handling Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 8: Asia-Pacific, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 9: China, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 10: India, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 11: Japan, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 12: Australia, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 13: Indonesia, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 14: South Korea, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 15: Western Europe, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 16: UK, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 17: Germany, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 18: France, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 19: Eastern Europe, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 20: Russia, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 21: North America, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 22: USA, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 23: South America, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 24: Brazil, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 25: Middle East, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 26: Africa, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Table 27: Toyota Industries Corporation Financial Performance
Table 28: Daifuku Co., Ltd. Financial Performance
Table 29: Beumer Group Financial Performance
Table 30: Liebherr Group Financial Performance
Table 31: Dematic Group Financial Performance
Figure 3: Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 4: Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Operations, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 5: Global Material Handling Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 6: Global Material Handling Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 7: Global Material Handling Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 8: Asia-Pacific, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 9: China, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 10: India, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 11: Japan, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 12: Australia, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 13: Indonesia, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 14: South Korea, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 15: Western Europe, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 16: UK, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 17: Germany, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 18: France, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 19: Eastern Europe, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 20: Russia, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 21: North America, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 22: USA, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 23: South America, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 24: Brazil, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 25: Middle East, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 26: Africa, Material Handling Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2015-2020, 2020-2025F, 2030F, $ Billion
Figure 27: Toyota Industries Corporation Financial Performance
Figure 28: Daifuku Co., Ltd. Financial Performance
Figure 29: Beumer Group Financial Performance
Figure 30: Liebherr Group Financial Performance
Figure 31: Dematic Group Financial Performance
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Autonomous Construction Equipment Market 2021 - By Automation (Partial/Semi-Autonomous, Fully Autonomous), By Product Type (Earth Moving Equipment, Material Handling Equipment, Concrete & Road Construction Equipment), By Application (Road Construction, Building Construction) And By Region, Opportunities And Strategies – Global Forecast To 2030
Autonomous Construction Equipment Market Definition
The autonomous construction equipment market consists of sales of autonomous construction equipment by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that manufacture autonomous construction equipment which works on wireless communication technologies, by communicating with radio signals from other equipment receiving commands. The equipment includes sensors such as lidar and cameras in order to recognize humans and obstacles, and the system also uses geofencing to keep machinery within the construction sites. This type of equipment assures benefits such as improved safety, increased productivity, and reduced unscheduled maintenance. The market consists of revenue generated by the companies that are manufacturing autonomous construction equipment by the sales of these products. Autonomous construction equipment reduces employees' exposure to hazards and risks associated with operating heavy equipment, such as fatigue-related incidents, sprains and other soft-tissue injuries, and noise and dust exposure. Autonomous construction equipment operates at different levels between 1 and 5 of automation and autonomous operation. Level 1 include limited operation support, level 2 include advanced operation support, level 3 include advanced solo automation, level 4 include advanced collaborative autonomous operation, and level 5 include advanced decision making autonomous operation.
Autonomous Agriculture, Construction, And Mining Machinery Market 2021 - By Type (Autonomous Agriculture Machinery, Autonomous Construction Machinery, Autonomous Mining Machinery), By Autonomy (Partial/Semi-Autonomous, Fully Autonomous), And By Region, Opportunities And Strategies – Global Forecast To 2030
Autonomous Agriculture, Construction, And Mining Machinery Market Definition
The autonomous agriculture, construction, and mining machinery market consists of sales of autonomous agriculture, construction, and mining machinery by entities (organizations, sole traders or partnerships) that are engaged in manufacturing autonomous machinery and vehicles which function with minimal human intervention and work on wireless communication technologies, by communicating with radio signals from other equipment receiving commands. The equipment includes sensors such as Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and cameras to recognize humans and obstacles in order to perform a task autonomously. This type of equipment assures benefits such as improved efficiency and productivity, reduced errors, improved safety, and reduced unscheduled maintenance, as these machines send abnormalities to user through connected devices.
Commercial Fan And Air Purification Equipment Market - By Type (Air Purification Equipment, Attic And Exhaust Fan), By Range (Less Than 200 Square Ft, 200 - 400 Square Ft, More Than 400 Square Ft), And By Region, Opportunities And Strategies - Global Forecast To 2030
$ 4000 October 2020
Commercial Fan And Air Purification Equipment Market Definition
The commercial fan and air purification equipment market consists of sales of commercial fan and air purification equipment and related services by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce industrial and commercial fan and air purification equipment such as industrial dust and fume collection equipment, electrostatic precipitation equipment, warm air furnace filters, air washers, and other dust collection equipment, attic fans and industrial and commercial fans and blowers, such as commercial exhaust fans and commercial ventilating fans.
Autonomous Mining Equipment Global Market Report 2021 - By Type (Autonomous Hauling/Mining Trucks, Autonomous Drilling Rigs, Underground LHD Loaders, Tunneling Equipment), By Application (Metal, Coal), COVID-19 Growth And Change
$ 4000 June 2021
The autonomous mining equipment market consists of sales of autonomous mining equipment that works on wireless communication technologies and electronic tracking (CT) systems. Autonomous equipment involves minimal human intervention and helps in safe and productive mining and transportation of ores and other materials. The market consists of revenue generated by the companies manufacturing autonomous mining equipment by the sales of these products.
The global autonomous mining equipment market is expected grow from $2.28 billion in 2020 to $2.81 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 23.2%. The growth is mainly due to the companies resuming their operations and adapting to the new normal while recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $3.44 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 5%.
Rising concerns regarding miner's safety are driving the autonomous mining equipment market. Mining is a dangerous profession with hazards such as fires, flooding, mine collapse, and health risks such as respiratory diseases, hearing loss, musculoskeletal disorders and heat stress. Introducing autonomous equipment such as robotic loaders, laser sensors and driverless trucks can help ensure workers' safety. For instance, mining company Rio Tinto is using 73 driverless trucks in four of its iron mines in Australia to improve worker safety. More autonomous mining equipment are employed to minimize human intervention and thereby reduce accidents. Therefore, rising concerns regarding the safety of mine workers are expected to drive this market.
Autonomous mining equipment companies have recently been affected by the COVID-19 outbreak. The global pandemic has led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing and remote working, and the closure of industries and other commercial activities, thereby, affecting the entire mining industry. Mining companies are resorting to production slowdown, operations shut down, and workforce demobilization, due to which the scale of productivity has dropped. Many mines have already implemented autonomous mining technology; however, practically, the mining activity is not possible without human intervention. Moreover, the continuous lock-down in many areas resulted in supply disruption, reduced sales and reduced demand for end-user industries, negatively affecting profit margins of autonomous mining equipment companies and limiting the growth of the market.
The autonomous mining equipment covered in this report is segmented by type into autonomous hauling/mining trucks; autonomous drilling rigs; underground LHD loaders; tunneling equipment; other and by application into metal; coal; others.
Judgment errors are expected to limit the growth of the autonomous mining equipment market. Incidence of accidents may take place and it often fails to give expected outcomes as they lack flexibility and are unable to handle unanticipated situations. Passive operations fail to take corrective actions in equipment malfunctioning which may result in accidents and losses.
Implementing data analytics such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet of Things (IoT)-embedded systems, and other analytics in mining systems is a key trend in the autonomous mining equipment market. Artificial intelligence (AI) is helping to transform the mining industry into a safer, more profitable, and more environmentally friendly industry. AI can analyze vast quantities of data to better predict where to find better resources, along with minimizing errors. IoT system advances in mining equipment are making extraction cheaper without deteriorating existing grades. All of these changes are helping the industry improve its efficiency from mine to market.
In June 2019, Komatsu Ltd has agreed to acquire Immersive Corporation which is a global mining technology and workforce optimization firm for undisclosed amount. Immersive develops, manufactures and sells mining equipment simulators for training machine operators for surface and underground mines. By integrating Immersive Corporation's solutions, Komatsu will further contribute to improving mining customer's safety and productivity and to optimizing their operations. This acquisition is expected to support both Immersive Technologies and Komatsu in offering unrivaled service and products to their customers.
The major players covered in the global autonomous mining equipment market are Caterpillar, Komatsu, Rockwell Automation, Hitachi, Sandvik, Hexagon, Atlas Copco.
The countries covered in the global autonomous mining equipment market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.
The regions covered in the global autonomous mining equipment market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
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1) By Type: Autonomous Hauling/Mining Trucks, Autonomous Drilling Rigs, Underground LHD Loaders, Tunneling Equipment, Others
2) By Application: Metal, Coal, Others
Mining Machinery And Equipment Market 2021 - By Product Type (Underground Mining Machinery, Surface Mining Machinery, Drills And Breakers, Crushing, Pulverizing, And Screening Equipment, Mineral Processing Machinery), By Function Type (Transportation, Processing, Excavation), By Application (Coal, Minerals, Metals) And By Region, Opportunities And Strategies – Global Forecast To 2030
$ 4000 July 2021
Mining Machinery And Equipment Market Definition
The mining machinery and equipment market consists of the sales of mining machinery and equipment by entities (organizations, sole traders or partnerships) that are engaged in manufacturing mining machinery and equipment, such as underground mining machinery, surface mining machinery, drills and breakers, crushing, pulverizing and screening equipment and mineral processing machinery. Mining machinery and equipment is defined as electrical or diesel-powered heavy-duty machinery or equipment involved in the excavation, transportation, and processing of commodities such as coal, minerals, and metals.
Industrial Refrigeration Equipment Global Market Report 2021 - By Equipment Type (Condenser, Compressor, Evaporator, Controls), By End-User Industry (Food And Beverage, Refrigerated Warehouse, Chemical, Petrochemical, Pharmaceutical, Refrigerated Transportation), By Refrigerant Type (Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrofluorocarbon), COVID-19 Impact And Recovery
The industrial refrigeration equipment market consists of sales of industrial refrigeration equipment by entities (organizations, sole traders and partnerships) that produce industrial refrigeration equipment such as chillers, refrigeration compressors, condensers, cooling towers, and others, which are used in food, distillery, dairy and other industries. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.
The global industrial refrigeration equipment market is expected to grow from $37.9 billion in 2020 to $38.84 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 2.5%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $50.37 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 6.7%.
The industrial refrigeration equipment market covered in this report is segmented by equipment type into condenser; compressor; evaporator; controls.
The growth of the food and beverage processing industry especially in developing countries is expected to drive the industrial refrigeration equipment market. Globally, food and beverage processing is considered to be one of the largest industries. On average, 90% of the produced food is processed in developed countries such as the USA. High demand for processed and convenience meat products was witnessed in the last decade due to the changing and busy lifestyles of consumers. For the last five years, ranked fifth in the world in terms of production, consumption and exports, India's food-processing sector is growing 8% annually. For instance, by 2024, according to a joint study by ASSOCHAM India and Grant Thornton UK, India's food processing sector is estimated to have the potential to attract $33 billion in investments and the total food production in India is estimated to double by 2024. To keep processed food products fresh and healthy, industrial refrigeration systems are required and the increasing consumption of processed foods is propelling the demand for industrial refrigeration systems and further supporting the market growth.
Strict regulations imposed on the use of global warming potential (GWP) refrigerants due to global concerns are expected to restrain the growth of the refrigeration equipment market. Major greenhouse gases that are responsible for environmental concerns such as global warming are chlorofluorocarbon and hydrochlorofluorocarbons. Stringent regulations are being imposed by developing countries to overcome global environmental concerns. For instance, by 2030 according to the Montreal Protocol, full consumption phase-out of refrigerant with higher GWP to promote environmental health is aimed for in non-Article 5 countries. The Montreal Protocol has set limits for the HCFC consumption (or cap) at 10% cap in 2015, 0.5% cap in 2020 and full consumption phase-out in 2030. According to the EU F-Gases Regulation, from January 2020, the use of fluorinated greenhouse gases for servicing and maintaining refrigeration equipment with a charge size of 40 tons of CO2 equivalent [CO2e] or more, which are with global warming potential of 2,500 or more shall be prohibited. Under this, the permission for use of virgin HFCs with a GWP >2,500 for topping up and/or maintaining existing systems over onboard EU flagged ships is prohibited. Thus, strict regulations imposed over the use of GWP refrigerants due to global concerns are acting as a restraint for the market growth.
The trend of adoption of environment-friendly refrigerants is increasing within the industrial refrigeration equipment market, which is expected to fuel the growth of the market. A major contribution towards environmental concerns such as ozone layer depletion and global warming are contributed by refrigerants as they absorb infrared radiation and retain it in the atmosphere. The environment-friendly refrigerants do not deplete the ozone layer in the atmosphere, do not contribute to global warming and have low Global Warming Potential (GWP). Halogen-based refrigerants face stringent regulations by governments of several countries and this is strengthening the use of environment-friendly refrigerants. For instance, in 2019, M&M Refrigeration and Carnot Refrigeration entered into a partnership to create eco-friendly refrigeration solutions. Therefore, the adoption of natural refrigerant-based equipment owing to stringent regulatory policies is another factor driving the industrial refrigeration system market growth.
In 2020, Gardner Denver Holdings, Inc., a US-based global provider of industrial products such as compressors, blowers, and vacuum pumps, merged with Ingersoll Rand Industrial segment for an undisclosed amount. The newly combined company, named Ingersoll Rand Inc. is expected to be placed as one of the major global players in mission-critical flow creation and industrial technologies. Ingersoll Rand will produce mission-critical flow creation systems that include air compressors, pumps, blowers, Club Car brand of electric vehicles and systems for fluid management, loading and material handling. Ingersoll Rand is a US-based innovative company that provides mission-critical industrial, energy, specialty vehicle and medical products and services.
The major players covered in the global industrial refrigeration equipment market are Johnson Controls Inc., Emerson Electric Co., United Technologies Corporation, Ingersoll-Rand plc, Lennox International Inc., Danfoss A/S, GEA Group AG, EVAPCO Inc., BITZER Kühlmaschinenbau GmbH, Mayekawa Mfg. Co. Ltd., Daikin Industries Ltd., Industrial Frigo SRL, Parker Hannifin Corp, Baltimore Aircoil Company, Güntner GmbH & Co. KG, Star Refrigeration Ltd., Hussmann Corporation, Clauger, Rivacold, Dorin, KOBELCO.
The countries covered in the global industrial refrigeration equipment market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.
The regions covered in the global industrial refrigeration equipment market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The global industrial refrigeration equipment market is segmented -
1) By Equipment Type: Condenser, Compressor, Evaporator, Controls
2) By End-User Industry: Food and Beverage, Refrigerated Warehouse, Chemical, Petrochemical, Pharmaceutical, Refrigerated Transportation, Others
3) By Refrigerant Type: Ammonia, Carbon Dioxide, Hydrofluorocarbon
Farm Machinery And Equipment Global Market Report 2021 - By Type (Cultivator, Rotator, Chisel Plow, Harvester, Roller, Field Sprayer And Spreader, Irrigation System, Livestock equipment, Tractors), By Application (Spraying, Water Supply And Conservation, Cultivation, Harvesting, Seeding, Weeding, Livestock Farming), By Capacity (Small, Medium, Large), By Operation (Manual, Semi-Autonomous, Fully-Autonomous), COVID-19 Impact And Recovery
The farm machinery and equipment market consists of sales of farm machinery and equipment by entities (organizations, sole traders, or partnerships) that are engaged in manufacturing agricultural and farm machinery and equipment, and other turfs and grounds care equipment, including planting, harvesting, and grass mowing equipment (except lawn and garden-type). Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.
The global farm machinery and equipment market is expected to grow from $183.85 billion in 2020 to $201.83 billion in 2021 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.8%. The growth is mainly due to the companies rearranging their operations and recovering from the COVID-19 impact, which had earlier led to restrictive containment measures involving social distancing, remote working, and the closure of commercial activities that resulted in operational challenges. The market is expected to reach $276.85 billion in 2025 at a CAGR of 8.2%.
The farm machinery and equipment market covered in this report is segmented by type into cotton ginning machinery; feed processing equipment; fertilizing machinery; haying machines; milking machines; planting machines; plows; poultry brooders, feeders, and waterers; combines (i.e., harvester-threshers); other farm machinery and equipment.
The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) applications in farm equipment is expected to drive the market of farm machinery and equipment. The world's population will surpass 9 billion people by 2050. Farmers need access to better instruments and practices that will help them to deliver more agricultural products in less time. Farmers need to adopt new and modern technologies to produce food for the ever-expanding population. For instance, the utilization of a smart greenhouse which operates with the help of IoT enables to monitor and control climate without human intervention. The IoT sensors in the smart greenhouse provide information on the light levels, pressure, humidity, and temperature and also control the actuators automatically to open a window, turn on lights, control a heater, turn on a mister, or turn on a fan. Therefore, IoT help increases production with reduced labor and drives the farm machinery and equipment market.
Eco-friendly electric tractors are likely to be an emerging trend in the farm machinery and equipment market. Eco-friendly tractors operate through electronic batteries that can be recharged simply by plugging them into a standard socket and doesn't require any kind of fuel that creates air pollution. There are also many tractors where farmers can install wind or solar power to produce electricity to charge the tractor's batteries. For instance, in India, in March 2020, a startup company Cellestial E-Mobility launched an electric tractor, which is not only eco-friendly and cost-effective but also gives the same power as that of its diesel counterpart and available cheaper than diesel tractors. The zero-emission tractor features battery swapping, regenerative braking, and also helps to power an UPS.
In April 2018, Tractors and Farm Equipment Limited (TAFE), an Indian tractor manufacturer acquired Serbian based tractor and agriculture equipment brand IMT for INR 45 million ($0.60 million). The acquisition will help TAFE to expand its footprint in the Balkans and Eastern Europe. The acquisition will also give TAFE the right to use the Brand and Intellectual Property Rights, including the designs, trademarks, and copyright (IPR) of IMT.
The major players covered in the global farm machinery and equipment market are AGCO Coporation, CLAAS KGaA mbH, CNH Industrial N.V., Escorts Group, ISEKI & Co. Ltd., John Deere (Deere & Company), Kubota Corporation, Mahindra & Mahindra Limited, Same Deutz-Fahr Group S.p.A. (SDF), Valmont Industries Inc., China National Machinery Industry Corporation, Amazone Ltd., APV-Technischne Produkte GmbH, Bellota, Horsch Maschinen GmbH, J.C. Bamford Excavators Ltd., Klever, Kongskilde, Krukowiak Pvt. Ltd., Kuhn Group S.A., Kverneland A.S., Lemken, Mascar S.p.A., Maschio Gaspardo S.P.A, MaterMacc S.p.A., Morris Industries Ltd, Rostselmash, Morris Industries Ltd, Rostselmash.
The countries covered in the global farm machinery and equipment market are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA.
The regions covered in the global farm machinery and equipment market are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The global farm machinery and equipment market is segmented -
1) By Type: Cultivator, Rotator, Chisel Plow, Harvester, Roller, Field Sprayer And Spreader, Irrigation System, Livestock equipment, Tractors, Others
2) By Application: Spraying, Water Supply And Conservation, Cultivation, Harvesting, Seeding, Weeding, Livestock Farming, Others
3) By Capacity: Small, Medium, Large
4) By Operation: Manual, Semi-Autonomous, Fully-Autonomous


If you are looking for a beautiful wall cross for your home, then you have to take a look at this piece of art.
Hand-crafted one at a time, these beautiful works of art are a wonderful addition to any home, office or church décor.
Premium oak, shaped by steam bending, is aged and distressed, then hand-waxed to a beautiful sheen. Accented with 3 antique square head nails.
A symbol of faith and love. What a priceless gift for a wedding or anniversary.
*Size and shape may vary slightly due to the wood changing shape in the steaming, bending and drying process.
Customization is available on most crosses. Please allow an extra two weeks. Information must be limited to no more than 40 characters. Call 308-692-3119 with your customization information. Additional cost is $40.
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Timothy Workman of A-Pro Home Inspection Northern Ohio has taken and passed the nationally-recognized National Home Inspection Examination. The NHIE is used by 29 states to assess home inspector competence. It is developed, maintained an administered by the Examination Board of Professional Home Inspectors (EBPHI), an independent, not-for-profit organization.


If I was to paint a picture in my head, it would look like this: fall leaves, rolling hills, small stream, small log cabin with a huge front porch, a swing, fire coming out of the chimney….ok ok ok [one can wish]. No really though–right now, I have the perfect picture in my head. And one day I'll be able to describe it. It's perfect because it's not perfect. It's perfect because it involves people I love. It's perfect because it's simple. Trying to explain it to you would be crazy. So mayyyyyybe it does involve a cabin in the hills? kidding.
So, there. Today, my picture of the day is in my head. Where are you at in your head?
Also. I chopped all my hair off. That is all. More on that later.


text: Q: Change minimum comment length to 10? Sometimes all I want to say is Thank you., but I need '5' more letters 'to go'. I've seen people write "4more" or "kdjgodfjg" or other things to get around this. Can we short the comment minimum to be 10 so we don't have to do this to simply say thank you?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


State-of-the-art technology combines with minimalist yet refined rounded contours, giving Ghost Design its techchic look, keeping your TV viewing area in perfect order and hiding all wires and plugs. Videos tutorials Documents manuals. At last, the perfect match of beauty and Intelligence. Ghost Design bada soprattutto alla sostanza, con uno sguardo attento alla forma.
Share Casual clothes hanging on the rack premium Image on Facebook. Meliconi's latest innovative idea is ready to bestow a touch of modern fascination to your home. Ghost Design is the new Meliconi wall fixture accommodating all your audio and video equipment in style.
Ghost Design is the new Meliconi wall fixture accomm. I appropriate for more images than any other fine art paper. Harappa and Mohenjo Daro were expertly planned cities built with a grid pattern of wide, and crisp. Meliconis latest innovative idea is ready to bestow a touch of modern fascination to your home.
All For Nothing - Despised icon Guitar Cover.
It features elegant, innovative design that comes in. Sinuous curves, original chrome as well as shiny and metallic materials make Ghost Design an exclusive object.


The breeding of bristlenose catfish.
What L number is Peppermint?
Peppermint Sexing - Boy or Girl ?
Culturing natural algae for fry?
Anyone Kept or Keeping Synodontis Ilebrevis?
Peppermint BN genetic or hereditary problems?
Best synodontis to go with fronts ?


Not that we exactly needed the Baltimore Police Department to delete footage from a protester's camera to know this, but it helps make the point: the Baltimore Police Department is completely out of control.
Of course, this has been evident for some time, but never more so than in the case of the murder of Freddie Gray, who was targeted and chased for no good reason, forcefully taken into custody, made to disappear for 30 minutes while being transported three blocks from the scene of his bogus arrest to the local precinct, and finally turned up with a still-unexplained broken neck. The officers responsible are currently on paid leave. Seems fair.
As any reasonable person in any reasonable society would expect and support, vocal protesters—in growing numbers—have made a daily three-block pilgrimage from the scene of Mr. Gray's arrest to the Western District precinct, home of the officers responsible for his death, there to peacefully advocate for a kind of justice that is all but anathema to the local government when it comes to cases of police brutality.
Tuesday afternoon's protest wound up at the doorstep of the obscenely guarded precinct, where an activist organizer (who asked to remain anonymous) from Baltimore BLOC and A. F. James MacArthur, a photojournalist from the Spectator, mounted the steps to take photos and video of the assembled crowd. This dangerous intrusion on, umm, public property was enough to trigger a swarm of police officers, and the two individuals were detained and taken into the building. The confrontation was filmed by BLOC protester.
Yeah, just what the hell was going on in there, anyway?
That's some primary reason for contact you've got there. "Protest." Cool, cool.
We were on the steps for several minutes before being arrested. Several days earlier we had been on the same steps for the DURATION of the event, moving about unmolested. The attached shot [see below] shows me BEHIND a police commander who was well aware of my presence Saturday, and had no problem with me being there, as I was only taking pictures.
We were in the police station for at least an hour I believe. We were searched, then initially placed into cells. Within a short moment a police commander told officers to remove of from cells and allow us to sit on a bench. Then the command was given to take the handcuffs off us.
I have to make clear, there was mass confusion inside. Right after we were arrested and placed in handcuffs, no one really seemed clear on just what to do with us. We repeatedly asked what we were being charged with, and no one could tell us. There was no clear plan or organization. It was obvious they quickly realized they may have gone overboard and made a mistake.
Eventually the words "detained" started being used rather than "arrest" and we were told we'd be released at some point.
Officially the citations are part of an "investigative stop." Therefore we were never formally booked, there is no court date. However our ID's were taken, run for warrants, and obviously logged and added to databases as "known agitators" or some sort of other classification.
Baltimore Mayor Stephanie Rawlings-Blake has been making quite a name for herself, appearing regularly on MSNBC and other news programs as a voice for responsible local government reaction to cases of police brutality, which is fairly astonishing, given that her police department is running wild on her city's streets with a degree of violent recklessness that would make Avon Barksdale curl up under his covers and weep.
Baltimore has been achingly slow to move towards simply equipping officers with body cameras, a foot-dragging exercise supposedly done to protect the city from wasting municipal funds, which, if we are to buy this lame and ridiculous excuse, are apparently much more important than justice or the lives of civilians. In fact, last year the mayor vetoed a bill requiring that all BPD officers be equipped with body cameras, electing instead to study the issue via a mayoral task force. In the time since, she's told anyone who'll listen how committed she is to the idea, but no one is holding their breath, least of all the man whose voice-box was crushed by her police department, because he died from his injuries. The investigation is ongoing. Too bad the arresting officers weren't wearing body cameras!
Or, perhaps there's another reason neither Baltimore Police nor the city's rising, ambitious, media darling of a mayor are particularly interested in having the the department's numerous unlawful violent confrontations on video? As Tuesday's episode demonstrates, the crooks in suits and uniforms and badges, for all their public posturing, are still profoundly camera-shy.


The Bucs made one roster tweak on Wednesday as veterans reported for the start of training camp, waiving defensive tackle Channing Ward and adding offensive tackle Jerry Ugokwe.
Ward, 25, tore the patellar tendon in his knee last week while working out at home in Mississippi, and already underwent surgery with a recovery of at least four months. The Bucs waived him with a non-football injury designation. He had five tackles as an undrafted rookie in 2016 and spent most of last season on the Bucs' practice squad, and was in line to compete for one of the last defensive line spots on the roster.
Ugokwe, 24, was a tryout player at Bucs rookie minicamp in May but was not signed. He played collegiately at William and Mary, and was with the Colts and Saints in preseason last year, spending two weeks on the Redskins' practice squad.
The Bucs already had 15 offensive linemen on roster battling for what is likely nine spots. He'll offer depth in training camp as the team doesn't want to overwork any players in practice. Leonard Wester is likely the team's swing backup tackle, with Cole Gardner, Brad Seaton and rookie Cole Boozer among those also competing for the last tackle spot if the Bucs carry nine offensive linemen.


There was that period in the 2000s when anyone worth their salt build their game machines with AMDs. Athlons were faster, cheaper, and had that underdog status.
I've been looking for an excuse to build another AMD machine since my last machine a decade ago. My first game machine in years almost had an FX, but I got an i5 when it became obvious Intel had a clear thermal advantage; an important consideration for Mini-ITX builds.
In the words of Spock: "fascinating." Provided your board has support, ECC memory is within the reach of consumer tech for the first time. I've always wondered why ECC was limited to high end workstation and server rigs.
Now I'm considering a Ryzen for this NAS tower!


My good allows me to focus on my academic studies that will help me get to college. I choose not to use drugs because I want to get an academic scholarship. My good allows me to connect me with other people that are serious about school.
Skateboarding is what I love...it's my good.
Skateboarding calms me down so I can actually socialize with others instead of getting mad. It keeps me active and reminds me of the important things in life.
Singing is my good, what's yours?
I love doing art, it's my good. What's yours?
Art is what makes the world unique. Whether we see it or not, it is what shapes the world around us into something beautiful.
I box every day from 5-8. I like boxing because it's good exercise, I get to meet new people, and my dad likes it. Boxing is my good, it's why I choose not to use.
I'm always happy when I'm with friends, and they're a reason why I don't drink alcohol. Why do you choose not to use?
Join a team, exercise with a group of friends, or go for a run/walk/hike on your own…or just DANCE.
Tools for parents to talk with their children about weed.
By submitting this form, you are consenting to receive marketing emails from: Prevent Coalition, 2500 NE 65th Ave, Vancouver, WA, 98661, http://preventcoalition.org. You can revoke your consent to receive emails at any time by using the SafeUnsubscribe® link, found at the bottom of every email.


Sue spent the majority of her professional career in the telecommunications industry, holding positions in regulatory, operations, and communications at Bell of Pennsylvania, Bell Atlantic, and ultimately, Verizon Communications. At Verizon she served as vice president of Employee Communications, overseeing strategic communication efforts related to mergers and other corporate initiatives, and was the vice president of Public Affairs when she retired in 2005.
Sue is currently the director of Marketing and Communications at The Shipley School, an independent preK-12 co-ed school in Bryn Mawr, Pa. She just completed a seven-year term as chair of the Board of Trustees of the Philadelphia Montessori Charter School, a public charter school in Philadelphia. She has an M.B.A. from the Wharton School at the University of Pennsylvania.
Sue has been an active William & Mary alumna for many years. She served as chair of the Board of the Annual Fund and on the Class of 1979's Reunion Committees. Sue's husband, Glenn Gundersen, is a 1976 graduate of the College.


• Arrange for one breakfast program per month focused on new member education, for the purpose of ensuring an understanding of the object to Rotary, pride in membership and immediate participation in the activities of the Club.
• Arrange programs for the other breakfast meetings focused on providing vocational information about members of the Club.
• Conduct semiannual new member welcoming events for the purpose of better acquainting new members into the fellowship of Rotary.
• Oversee activities of the New members.
• Insure that members are provided with opportunities to engage in the club and become involved with club committees and other events.
• Insure that new members are invited to a Club Board meeting as soon as possible after acceptance into the Club.
• Present information to new members regarding the history, objectives, scope, customs, and activities of the Club.
• Inform new Rotarians of the requirements for continued membership in Rotary.
• Coordinate with the New Member Breakfast Committee to insure that new members are properly welcomed into and quickly become part of Club 29.
• Recruitment of potential new members for the Club.
• Review of new member applications and recommendation to the Board regarding all applicants.
• Review and modify as needed, the classification system of Club 29 as specified by the Club Constitution and the Club by-laws.
• Recommend changes in classification of members of the Club as needed.


We at desire2 take great pride in the quality of our products, and a strategic partnership with Intertek reflects our dedication and continued commitment to our customers.
Intertek is an industry leader in Quality Control Management with more than 42,000 employees in 1,000 locations in over 100 countries.
Through a global network of state-of-the-art facilities and industry-leading technical expertise, Intertek provide innovative and bespoke Assurance, Testing, Inspection and Certification services to customers.


text:
Цианобактериите (Cyanobacteria), известни още като синьо-зелени водорасли или Cyanophyta, са тип от прокариоти, състоящ се както от свободно живеещи фотосинтезиращи бактерии, така и от ендосимбионтни пластиди. Името "цианобактерии" идва от цвета на бактериите (гръцки: κυανός (kyanós) = син).

Местообитание
Цианобактериите обитават места, в които задължително прониква светлина: локви, водоеми, влажни места на сушата – кора на дървета, почва, застинала вулканична лава.

Особености в устройството
Цианобактериите рядко се образуват в единични едноклетъчни организми. В повечето случаи те са колониални. Клетките в колониите запазват своята самостоятелност при извършване на жизнените процеси. В цитоплазмата си цианобактериите имат различни багрила – хлорофил, оранжеви и сини багрила, с които улавят светлината. Характерна тяхна особеност са множеството мембранни пластинки (тилакоиди, разположени в цитоплазмата). Те съдържат зеления пигмент хлорофил, с чиято помощ клетката фотосинтезира, като поглъща светлинна енергия и така си набавя органични вещества. Цианобактериите са автотрофи.

Жизнени процеси
Храненето е самостойно, чрез фотосинтеза. Цианобактериите поемат с цялата повърхност на клетките си водата, минералните соли и въглеродния диоксид, които са необходими за процеса. В резултат на фотосинтезата те натрупват хранителни вещества и отделят кислород в околната среда.

Дишането на цианобактериите е кислородно.

Размножаването се извършва чрез разпадане на колонията или чрез накъсване на нишката на части. Това размножаване е безполово и се нарича вегетативно. При неблагоприятни условия цианобактериите също могат да образуват спори и да преживяват неопределено време до наличие на подходящи условия за живота им.

Значение за живота на Земята
Цианобактериите са обитавали Земята още преди милиарди години. Те са първите създатели на кислородната атмосфера. Някои видове цианобактерии произвеждат хранителни и други вещества, които се използват от човека

Едва след като се е натрупал достатъчно кислород в атмосферата, става възможна появата на кислороддишащите организми.

Цианобактерията спирулина се продава изсушена във вид на прах или таблетки.

Други цианобактерии са отровни. При обилен растеж на цианобактерии малките водоеми стават опасни за животните и човека поради токсините, отделяни от тях.

Източници

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


1012 New Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19123 - Solo Real Estate, Inc.
This refreshing, tastefully renovated modern home in Northern Liberties was designed by award-winning architecture group Qb3. Enter a light-filled double height side entryway with a planting bed of bamboo. Once inside, a real slate floor welcomes you underfoot, and a double-height entry area with aluminum grate bridge above beckons. The first floor has an open layout kitchen with eat-in area and adjoining living space with double-height light well which steals daylight from the second floor. Recessed lighting throughout with WiFi-enabled smart LED bulbs, and designer fixtures by Artemide, Ingo Maurer, and Poul Henningsen. Ample closet space on this floor as well. Floors of bespoke white-washed birch throughout brighten the space while providing visual warmth. The second floor is home to a den or potential second bedroom, and boasts a fully-tiled bathroom with shower and pocket doors. The third floor master suite offers beautiful light through the roof skylight and doors to the private deck. With good storage space and laundry hookups on this level, this space has all you need for your sanctuary in the city. A bright, dry basement with high ceilings offers plenty of storage space, or could provide more living space. Location-wise, it doesn't get much better than this. Convenient walking distance to the El and public transportation, as well as just a few minutes' drive to area highways. And of course, walking distance to all the local Northern Liberties and Fishtown attractions like the Fillmore, Jerry's Bar, Standard Tap, Johnny Brenda's, La Colombe.
Northern Liberties is one of Philadelphia's most energized and growing areas. Harkening back to Penn's industrial designation as a place for smiths and open space, Northern Liberties today is a fusion of artists, builders, musicians, professionals, young families, bistros, beer enthusiasts, studios, festivals, salons, and the new Piazza at Schmidt's. You will also find dog parks, community gardens, and charter schools.
In Northern Liberties, old brick rowhomes, winding backstreets, and sleepy European gardens mix naturally with converted lofts, new high-rises, and a wealth of new services. Despite its growth and popularity, many buyers and those looking for apartments still appreciate the affordability and uniqueness of the spaces in this neighborhood.


We asked for your help to shine a light on circus cruelty in the US and you have set the world alight with this campaign !
In Bakersfield, California, our grateful thanks to Stephanie Esla and her family for generously donating funds for a month-long ADI Stop Circus Suffering billboard campaign.
In Fargo, North Dakota; Jacksonville, Florida; Agawam, Massachusetts; Anaheim, California; Ontario and Orange County and almost every far flung city in between, ADI volunteers have been out on the streets when the circus comes to town. Armed with our leaflets and posters, thousands of circus goers have been informed.
Kathleen Stachowski made a presentation to the local school board in Butte, Montana, showing the animal suffering and urging them to reconsider distributing circus tickets.
Whitemarsh, PA: After learning the story of 29 abused lions rescued by ADI from circuses in Bolivia Philadelphia middle school students Carlo and Sante Filippini and Alex Johnson came up with the creative idea to foster empathy for circus animals by spending time in a cage themselves. With the help of their teacher and ADI volunteer Gigi Glendinning the boys created an interactive "beast wagon" display in their school hallway to demonstrate the relative size of cage that lions and tigers must live in, and conducted a survey as people passed by. Parents, faculty and students signed the ADI petition urging the Whitemarsh Township Board of Supervisors to restrict the use of wild animals in traveling circuses. And the boys raised over $200 in donations for the ongoing care of the lions!
The City of Glendale, CA told Ramos Bros. Circus they could not bring zebras, horses and other animals, except dogs and cats, when the circus returned to the city in November. Last year, a camel escaped from Ramos Bros. while the circus was in Glendale. ADI lobbied Glendale City Council for a ban on wild and exotic animals and, partially due to last year's incident, city officials made the decision to keep the wild animals out. However, more needs to be done as a City spokesman said that Glendale remain open to reviewing the use of animals at the circus next year, on a case-by-case basis.
Hialeah Fair in Florida had Banana Derby Monkey Jockeys in November. This shameful act features monkeys dressed in costumes, strapped and chained to the backs of dogs who race around a makeshift track. Please contact the producers of the Fair, Wade Shows, and ask them to cancel this and other cruel animal displays at the Hialeah Fair and any future events. Send a polite email to owner Frank Zaitshik, Owner of Wade Shows, at frank@wadeshows.com.
Contact us about getting a local ordinance on animal circuses in your town!
Organize a Lion Ark screening.


text:
Home News Work completed on Estonian minehunter at Babcocks Rosyth facilities
Work completed on Estonian minehunter at Babcocks Rosyth facilities
Babcock has successfully completed the installation of a capability upgrade on the first of three Estonian Navy minehunter vessels scheduled to be undertaken at Babcock's Rosyth facilities in Fife.
EML Admiral Cowan – the flagship of the Estonian Navy and part of its minesweeping flotilla – underwent a five month docking period at Rosyth between July and December 2018.
Under contract by Thales UK, an upgraded mission package was carried out by Babcock on the Sandown-class minehunter, which included fitting the Thales Sonar 2193, an upgraded navigation system, as well as the Thales M-CUBE command and control system – along with several other upgrades and defect rectifications.
A team of 20 Babcock employees, including electricians, engineers, designers and glass reinforced plastic specialist shipwrights, undertook the work – working alongside Thales and Ship's Staff to deliver the scope.
Admiral Cowan will now return to Estonia prior to undergoing trials in the North Sea in May to demonstrate full operational capability.
The second Estonian Navy minehunter vessel, EML Sakala, arrived at the Babcock Rosyth site in December 2018 to undergo the same package of work. This will be followed by EML Ugandi in late Spring 2019.
Sean Donaldson, Managing Director of the Babcock Rosyth site, said: 'We were delighted to upgrade EML Admiral Cowan for the Estonian Navy and look forward to carrying out the same package of work on her fellow minehunters, EML Sakala and EML Ugandi.'
He added: 'Our Common User Facility in Rosyth provides first class docking and support facilities to undertake this kind of work and, with a skilled and experienced workforce on-site, we offer the complete package for visiting ships.'
Babcock selected as a preferred bidder for next generation of UK railway systems work
New base for GWAAC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Two Pillars - TGIF - Today God Is First 11/20
Two Pillars
"He erected the pillars in the front of the temple, one to the south and one to the north. The one to the south he named Jakin and the one to the north Boaz" (Chron 3:15-17).
In 2003, I took my first trip to Israel. I visited the Wailing Wall, the only thing left of the original temple built by David's son, Solomon. I took an underground tour of the temple foundation which allowed us to see the incredibly huge, square boulders that were used to lay the foundation. History states that these boulders were cut off-site and transported to the temple location to avoid loud noises in the temple area. Pillars are designed to provide the foundation to a structure. These towering cylinders provide the height and strength to connect the roof to the lower foundation.
What's remarkable is the name of the two pillars that stood in front of the temple: Jakin, which means it establishes. And Boaz means in it is strength. Jakin was a priest. Boaz was a business man also known as a "king" in the scriptures. He was also Ruth's kinsman redeemer whose lineage would be traced all the way to Christ (Mt. 1:5). It is a picture of two people God would use to represent the entrance into God's presence and the forming of the foundation of Christ's Church. The Bible says we are both kings and priests, but we also have two separate distinct roles to play in his Body.
Kings and Priests are joining together to bring the presence of God into the place that has been forbidden territory - the workplace. It is only when this partnership cooperates in unity, mutual respect, and affirmation that we see God's power released. Alone, we cannot do it. Together, we can bring the presence of God into all spheres of society to transform workplaces, cities and nations.


text:
Olympic Highway (State Road No. 9)
This scene shows the Olympic Highway (State Road No. 9), shortly after construction was completed, along the south side of Lake Crescent. This sidehill grade on the east end of the south lakeshore is called Govan's Hill. There is also a small waterfall along the highway in this vicinity called Govan Falls.
This scene, photographed by about the early to mid 1920's, shows the Olympic Highway (State Road No. 9) at Sledge Hammer Point, along the south shore of Lake Crescent. The Olympic Highway was completed along Lake Crescent in 1922. The distant buildings that can be seen along the shoreline on the right side of the photograph are, from left to right, the Storm King Ranger Station and the buildings of the long-gone government trout hatchery. The Lake Crescent trout hatchery was built in 1913 and was operated until 1943. Peaks visible in the photograph include Sore Thumb Mountain, in the middle background, and Aurora Peak, the distant peak with a few patches of snow faintly visible through the haze on the right side of the photograph.
This scene, photographed in 1926, shows the same section of road as in the previous photograph, but from a roadside angle. This section of road at Sledge Hammer Point has since been widened and straightened out.


On Tuesday 22-07-08, the squat of Evaggelismos received a visit by a coterie of officials, constituted by the dean (and businessman) of the university of crete, the vicechancellor, the local prosecuting attorney and some high-ranking cop, along with undercover cops and pressmen. Aim of this visit was, in their own words, to "warn us" for the oncoming evacuation of the building and "give us a two-week deadline" in order to abandon the squat.
During the next day, this was carried on the local papers; they were praising the squat's intended evacuation and its future exploitation, carrying out their familiar tendency on misinformation and mudslinging; with sensationalism and without mentioning what will be accomodated in this space in the case of an eviction. We know that their main concern is the building's evacuation (during the favorable to them coincidence of a repealed university asylum and the summertime), instead of its future use. In any case, only some naive would lap up that such a "filet" in the city centre would not be used by the university or the local municipal authorities (in case of a building tradeoff between them) for speculative aims.
On May 16th, 2002, a team of young people, mainly university students but also workers and high schoolers, occupied the long-since abandoned building of Evaggelismos, in the city center of heraklion, number 18 on Theotokopoulou Str.
Our aim was and always is to create a space of communication, political and cultural expression, independent from any "formal" institution (university, municipality, state, political parties, etc). Feeling that the existing forms of political and cultural expression do not serve our turn and having already the daily experience of petty-politics hypocrisy that these institutions carry with every aspect of their existence (like the dull knowledge that its unique aim is to produce more human exploitation, or that farcical examinational process, the electioneering phenomena, up to the reasonless political dialogue between press releases and political party gatherings), we chose to squat this space, remaining independent from all kinds of "institutional" frames. Squatting has its own history, in greece and all around the world; history that opposes factually and straightly to the proprietary rationale which considers the existence of empty and (for a long time) unused buildings a preferable choice (instead of i.e. having to deal with utilized spaces by teams or individuals with housing requirements).
When it was first squatted, the building was in an indescribable situation after a (more than) twenty years long abandonment. Used needles and rubble of all kinds were removed and with no special knowledge or financial support, a whole transformation of the space took and takes place, just by the squatters working on it. Among the activities of the house are a self-organized cafe, a bookshop that works on a free-exchange basis, open discussions, screenings, several concerts and theatricals that are held within the squat regularly.
During those 6 years, Evaggelismos via a constant gathering that takes place every Wednesday and functions in a non-hierarchical base, has produced speech and action over a series of concepts, local and environmental issues like the opposition against the scheduled destruction of a local park, actions against the construction of a local transit harbor, central political matters with attendance in student and other mobilizations, autonomous actions against racism and commercialization of public spaces, solidarity actions for the political detainees, supporting the prisoners' struggle against the prison system, and many other activities.
and these are bothering matters..
Naturally, this type of action is by no means favored by the local administrators of authority. Thus we have occasionally been found confronted with repression in its "classic" form, judged for the organization or attendance in mobilizations related to the solidarity shown to detained demonstrators and the reaction to a in-cold-blood murder of a 22-year old man by a cop during a roadblock, back in 2003.
Following the above, various "well-wishers" have undertaken the process of "informing the world" about Evaggelismos. Local politician-followers and ambitious penny-a-liners do not drop a chance at mudslinging the space and the persons using it. Jabbering always leaves traces on the public opinion.
Therefore, whoever relies and feels "informed" being a passive brainwashing receiver (there's a plenty of them out here), learns that this ain't a proper place to hang around, as long as (under those pseudo-literal statements) drugs and gun dealings take place in there, orgies and rooms letting too (well, that was the topper). Our only reply is our permanent action plus the posters and proclamations that circulate occasionally, calling people in scenes.
and this discomfort will carry on..
The last and more serious threat of evacuation coming from the deanery and the district attorney's office in heraklion, won't cut off our course. We do not intend to surrender our labors and this six-year old story in the hands of a dean, specially when he's tangled up in financial scandals and brings up himself as an absolute university monarch. Besides, this recent decision of eviction is induced exclusively by the deanery, without the existence of certain requirements by other members or bodies of the institution.
In the event that the police forces attempt to vacate the building, the only person in charge of any consequences and by any chance wounds will be the dean and only him. Our city is not in need of another stocking and pasteurized venue, but free social spaces. The city center reformation and its derived "profit sharing" won't come over us. Evaggelismos is existent and will keep going on, as long as there are people who won't fit themselves into the lifestyle of misery, people who deny to live a predetermined life, following lifepaths shaped by others. It's a point of convergence on individuals and opinions that oppose to the extant, an open social space in a city and society where everything is sold and bought, where every human expression and activity presupposes some compensation (pecuniary or not), where the human work is an object of exploitation and the surplus value tops up the bosses' pockets.
We want to make clear that whoever undertakes to throw us out of here will have a hard work to do, in which somebody will have to dig his hands into the dirt and someone to be charged with the political cost of the aftermath. To anyone concerned, any stance talking about 10 or 20 squatters is just a misbelief. Evaggelismos is surrounded by a wide number of people and organizations that know how to fight and how to resist to such threats.


the workshop is immediately adjacent to the gallery at volta glass studio. there are multiple bench burner and hand torch options across approximately 10 (ten!) different work stations in its current arrangement, and can be adjusted to meet classroom or production needs. you are invited to watch us work through the viewing window anytime the gallery is open.


text:
Q: SE Backup - How, where, when & what level? How - who does the backup? If a dedicated server, then where is it & how often does it backup?
Where - which place/server does the backup gets stored to?
When - at what intervals? How long does it take?
What level - what all content is actually backed up? How many layers of such backups exist?
Also, who has the authority to restore backups (in case one is required) ?
Has the site been restored before? (Related - Stack Exchange Blogs Compromised and Passwords Reset)

A: See Failing Over Stack Overflow and Stack Exchange for Sandy and Stack Exchange: Planning for failure, part 1.
Basically, SE has two datacenters: One in NY, one in Oregon. The NY one seems to be the primary one, however they have set it up so that if anything happens to NY (like a hurricane), the system can easily failover to Oregon. This has already been done a couple of times, a few times for testing and once in the face of an actual disaster.
So there is (realtime?) database replication going on here, though there may also be separate backups.

A:
How - who does the backup? If a dedicated server, then where is it & how often does it backup?

So it's all automated of course, but Peter Grace (a.k.a. Router Hammer) handles the bulk of this work, taking care of getting everything to tape.  We have a dedicated server called NY-BACK02 (we recently upgraded) which runs NetBackup inside our New York data center.  It has a twin 10Gb trunk link to our network (so all backups are link local), an attached MD3200 DAS (via twin SAS) for on-site storage (and disk-to-disk-to-tape usage - 21TB usable), and is ultimately writing to a Quantum Scalar i40.
We do a full backup of all production SQL databases every night as well as transaction logs every 15 minutes.  Most other things are nightly.  We also perform full backups of SQL every night in Oregon (which is replicated near-real-time) for off-site storage (only to disk).

Where - which place/server does the backup gets stored to?

Backups end up on tape and on our backup servers (OR-FS01 & NY-BACK02).

When - at what intervals? How long does it take?

Nightly to tape, but T-logs are backing up from SQL every 10-15 minutes.  The SQL backups take about 20 minutes for the primary cluster and 40 minutes for the secondary cluster.  T-Log backups run for less than a minute on the primary cluster and take about 6 minutes on the secondary (due to the high database count).  I think the tapes take a bit at night, mostly limited by disk speed of the DAS.

What level - what all content is actually backed up? How many layers of such backups exist?

Anything important gets backed up.  Everything from internal company docs (payroll, etc.) to production SQL.  Retention differs by content but generally we don't keep many backups past a few months.  SQL is a special case, we keep the first of the month in a separate on-disk archive in both data centers just in case.  It's come in handy a few times when tracking down bugs.  For the on-disk story we keep SQL fulls back 7 days and T-logs back 3 days.

Also, who has the authority to restore backups (in case one is required)?

Whoever's awake.  If you're talking SQL that would be an emergency team call - we'd have to really be hurting for that to happen.  Unless you mean test restores, we have a dedicated NY-RESTORESQL01 which does nothing but restore our backups all day to make sure they work.

Has the site been restored before?

Once, when we were in Oregon and lost power hard.  Sam Saffron was the main player piecing together the data after an emergency restore.  We have become incredibly more resilient to loss since then, with redundant servers, constant backups, multiple data centers lots of automation.

If I missed something let me know - if you want more specifics on the tape details then Pete can answer better when he's back from vacation.


There's clever as in smart, and there's clever-clever, as in smart aleck. Hussein Chalayan is the longtime standard-bearer for smart in fashion, but still, one suspects there are some who confuse the two when it comes to the designer's long and challenging body of work. How else to explain why more attention isn't paid to what he's doing, especially now that he has so effectively mastered the art of mixing smart with sensual. Chalayan's new collection was one of the season's loveliest: a fresh, airy paean to summer, with the designer's technical ingenuity creating artfully charming effects. These were present from the opener—picture a striped beach towel, wrapped as a strapless sheath—to the closing look, a dress made up of vinyl "feathers" of Pantone color, topped by an attached coat lined in the same, which shrugged off to form a kind of tailcoat. Reading that back, it sounds clever-clever to the nth. It wasn't. It was just beautiful, especially with the ravishing soundtrack of the movie Perfume swelling in the Palais des Beaux-Arts.
The wrapped-towel effect was one of the collection's summery anchors, as it was in Chalayan's Resort range. For day, the stripes; for evening, long columns gathered at one shoulder, like the tuck of a towel. But summeriness also prevailed in the photoprint of couples kissing on a beach (so abstracted that there will be no invasion-of-privacy lawsuits following); in the perforated pattern of palm fronds; and in a tropical print that was blurred, according to Hussein, as though viewed through the plastic of a tent. All of these visual elements were delivered in appealingly cut or draped silhouettes that took summer to the city.
Read Chioma Nnadi's review of Chalayan's Spring 2014 ready-to-wear fashion show.


text:
@implementation SpdyRequestCallback

- (id)init:(SpdyRequest *) u {
  self = [super init];
  spdy_url = u;

  return self;
}

- (void)onNotSpdyError:(id<SpdyRequestIdentifier>)identifier {
  void (^block)() = ^{
    if(spdy_url.errorCallback != nil) {
      NSDictionary * dict = [[NSDictionary alloc]
			      initWithObjectsAndKeys:
				@"Host does not support SPDY", @"reason", nil];
      NSError * error = [[NSError alloc ] initWithDomain:kSpdyErrorDomain
					  code:kSpdyConnectionNotSpdy
					  userInfo:dict];
      spdy_url.errorCallback(error);
    }
  };
  __spdy_dispatchAsyncOnMainThread(block);
}

- (void)onError:(NSError *)error {
  if([SPDY sharedSPDY].needToStartBackgroundTaskBlock != NULL)
    [SPDY sharedSPDY].needToStartBackgroundTaskBlock();

  void (^block)() = ^{
    SPDY_LOG(@"Got error: %@", error);
    if(spdy_url.errorCallback != nil) {
      spdy_url.errorCallback(error);
    } else {
      SPDY_LOG(@"dropping error %@ w/ no callback", error);
    }
    if([SPDY sharedSPDY].finishedWithBackgroundTaskBlock != NULL)
      [SPDY sharedSPDY].finishedWithBackgroundTaskBlock();
  };
  __spdy_dispatchAsyncOnMainThread(block);
}

- (void)onConnect:(id<SpdyRequestIdentifier>)u {
  [super onConnect:u];
  SPDY_LOG(@"connected");
  spdy_url.URL = u.url;
  __spdy_dispatchAsyncOnMainThread(^{
                                     [spdy_url doConnectCallback];
                                   });
}

- (size_t)onResponseData:(const uint8_t *)bytes length:(size_t)length {
  return [super onResponseData:bytes length:length];
}

- (void)onStreamClose {
  [super onStreamClose];
  __spdy_dispatchAsyncOnMainThread(^{
				     [spdy_url doStreamCloseCallback];
				   });
}

- (void)onPushResponse:(CFHTTPMessageRef)response withStreamId:(int32_t)streamId {
  CFRetain(response);
  __spdy_dispatchAsyncOnMainThread(^{
				     [spdy_url doSpdyPushCallbackWithMessage:response
					       andStreamId:streamId];
                                     CFRelease(response);
				   });
}

- (void)onResponse:(CFHTTPMessageRef)response {
  CFRetain(response);
  __spdy_dispatchAsyncOnMainThread(^{
				     [spdy_url doSuccessCallbackWithMessage:response];
                                     CFRelease(response);
				   });
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Using plugins in Jekyll I have been using Jekyll for a month or two now, I am also new to Ruby so learning every day.
In my site I want to add the reading time of blog posts, I have found this ruby gem which will let me do it
https://github.com/garethrees/readingtime
I install it in the normal way into my sites root and add the code needed and nothing happens. This isn't a shock because I have no actually link to it in my sites root?
So it my site looks like this html wise
---
layout: default
---

{{ page.title }}

        Wrote by Josh Hornby
 Estimated reading time – <%= @article.body.reading_time %>

         <%= @article.body %>
        {{ content }}

Recent Posts

Find out what else I've been talking about:

           {% for post in site.related_posts limit: 10 %}

{{ post.title }}
            {% endfor %}

Now I'm not shocked that its not working but my question is how to a install the gem so I can access it in my Jekyll file? Do I need to create a _plugin directory and call it from there? Or won't it work as its not a jekyll plugin? In that case I may have a little project writing my own Ruby Jekyll plugin.

A: As you have surmised, you cannot call arbitrary ruby commands in your html using <%.  Instead, you want to write a plugin which defines a Liquid filter.  In your html above, you would use the liquid tag to grab the content of the page.  You might want to brush up on liquid-for-designers and liquid-for-programmers as well as the Jekyll notes on writing liquid extensions before we dive in, but I'll try to explain.
First, we need to use a Jekyll filter to grab the content of the page, which we will pass to our plugin for analysis.  Above you have an @article.body which probably means something to a ruby on rails site, but doesn't mean anything to Jekyll.  As you see in the center of your layout file, the content for the page is simply called content.  It is pulled in through a Liquid output, indicated by the {{ }}.
In place of the line
Estimated reading time – <%= @article.body.reading_time %>

We want a line that grabs the content and passes it to our plugin:
Estimated reading time – {{ content | readingtime }}

The vertical bar is a filter, meaning pipe content to the function readingtime and include the output.  Now we need to write the plugin itself.  In the _plugins directory, we create a ruby script following the standard template for a Liquid filter:
require 'readingtime'
module TextFilter
  def readingtime(input)
    input.reading_time
  end
end
Liquid::Template.register_filter(TextFilter)

And save the above as something like readingtime.rb in _plugins.  It's kinda self explanatory, but you see this tells ruby to load the gem, and define a filter that takes its input and applies the reading_time function to that string.
A little note: content will pull in the HTML version of the content, not a plain text string.  I don't know if the readingtime gem needs a plain text string, but you can of course convert between them using a little extra ruby code.  If necessary, that's left as an exercise to the reader (though this might help).


The yellow flowers that bring me sunshine are two varieties of Rudbeckia fulgida. I can rely on 'Goldsturm' and 'Deamii' to put on a fuss free, dazzling show between August and October. Like it or not, gardeners are indebted to Carl Linnaeus (1707-1778) for introducing the two-part classification of plants, evidence of his legacy is in the naming of the genus 'Rudbeckia' after both his Swedish botany teacher Olof Rudbeck and Olof's son.
Although native to North America Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Goldsturm' was discovered in a Czechoslovakian nursery in 1937 by Heinrich Hagemann, at the time he was an employee of Karl Foerster, the famous German nurseryman and the 'godfather' of ornamental grasses. Rudbeckia fulgida var. 'Deamii' is named after an Amercian botanist Charles Deam (1865-1953) who found the species growing in the wild, probably in Indiana. Both varieties are fully hardy in UK gardens and have earned the Royal Horticultural Society's prestigious Award of Garden Merit.
The species epithet 'fulgida' means 'shining' or 'brilliant', so it's no surprise orange coneflowers add a warm glow even on overcast days. The flowers are a magnet for insects and some like this grass-hopper are happy to pose for the camera.
Rudbeckia is easy to grow in moderately fertile, moist but well-drained soil. Once established this is a reasonably drought tolerant, low maintenance plant. Fabulous seed heads stand well right through the winter, by March there's very little tidying up to do. Rudbeckia is an archetypal prairie plant, used in a matrix of grasses and other flowering perennials it looks at home in our stylised meadow. In an unpampered naturalistic planting like this, the plants are left to fend for themselves. In these conditions Rudbeckia 'Goldsturm' remains compact, flowering at 3′ in height.
However, in improved clay soil Rudbeckia 'Goldsturm' flexes its muscles to reach 4′ in height and shows how it excels as a chocolate studded quilt in mass planting schemes. Planted as small plugs in front of a 70 metre hedge of Miscanthus sinensis 'Malepartus' in 2012 the rudbeckia has benefitted from the TLC lavished on establishing the slower growing grass and quickly filled its allotted space. New plants are easy to come by, in spring simply pull the rhizomes away from the main plant in situ and grow on until they fill a 9cm pot.
Over most of the 70 metre stretch of miscanthus hedge the rudbeckia fares well and in September reaches a peak.
As a member of the daisy or Asteraceae family, and so related to sunflowers, Rudbeckia fulgida likes full sun but is also tolerant of partial shade. However, in the shade of walnut trees, at the other end of the hedge, there is a glaring gap. Perhaps the ground is too dry; perhaps rudbeckia is just more sensitive than it should be to the growth inhibiting juglone secreted from the trees' roots. Whatever the cause, several were moved to the meadow this spring – hence the gap. Grasses struggle in the same spot too, divisions of the more shade tolerant variegated Miscanthus sinensis Morning Light (second patch from the left) look unhappy too.
'Morning Light' should look like the parent plant standing guard to the left of the gate in a mixed planting in the back garden. This is an awkward east facing bed planted in builders infill beside the house, theoretically both the rudbeckia and miscanthus should do better in the west facing border in the front garden.
Back in the front garden in an area of dappled shade Rudbeckia 'Deamii', Anemanthele lessoniana and Persicaria affinis add splashes of late seasons colour. The trio of perennials share an equally vigorous nature, all are capable of nudging more delicate neighbours aside.
In full sun and in the free draining raised terrace in front of the house 'Deamii' is shorter at about 2′, just the right height to conceal the tired summer foliage of Calamagrostis x acutiflora 'Karl Foerster'. This is a classic, much copied planting combination, in my case the inspiration came from my much thumbed 'bible' the RHS Encyclopedia of Perennials (Dorling Kindersley, 2006) in which an image on page 411 looks almost identical to the one Gordon took last year (; . Reading the accompanying advice makes me smile : "the rudbeckia and the grasses have the upper hand … intervention may occasionally be needed to allow the other perennials to develop".
Good old RHS, right as ever : the cerise pink pokers of liatris (to the right in the image above) turned out to be SOS flares. In 2015 the grasses terrace perennial planting consists of three metre wide bands of calamagrostis, rudbeckia and nepeta that stretch along the length of the border – sadly, minus liatris. The design appears linear or more fluid depending on the vantage point.
From the top of the bank the serried lines echo the sense of the gentle slope and curving terrace walls. Beki's photograph captured the quieter early morning mood and drift of the planting, it was part of an article 'The Late Bloomer' featured in The English Garden magazine last September.
In all other respects the planting has filled out but hasn't changed that much since this photograph was taken in 2012, the first year of planting.
Three years later, the view of the grasses terrace from the corner of the round bed looks like this. The rescued liatris has perked up in the company of another member of the daisy family, Echinacea purpurea. Both these pink perennials are inclined to ill-health in my garden, perhaps that's what makes them happier bedfellows? Unless 'he's' had a haircut the echinacea's common name of 'Black Samson' seems a bit of a misnomer.
I've found it hard to come by information about the origins of and influences behind the New Perennial movement, including the late great Karl Foerster so it's wonderful that the gap has been filled in the recently published Hummelo by Piet Ouldolf and Noel Kingsbury (The Monacelli Press, 2015). With a gorgeous front cover this is definitely one for the top of a winter reading list.
Thank you, Christina, that's high praise coming from you. In some ways I find easier restraining the pallete of plants in the larger areas of the front garden, in the back garden which was planted earlier I made mistakes in smaller areas. In fact, I'm still unpicking some of them! Stipa gigantea looks wonderful massed, mine self sow in gravel, the seedlings that are a bit top heavy and wobbly for a year or so. Though I've not tried it, a friend successfully divides her stipa. Standard advice is not to transplant stipa, but I have them many times and not lost one (yet). Good luck with yours.
Thanks for the advice, I do have at least one quite large seedling I will move.
You are so knowledgable Kate and casually throw in all sorts of useful information into your posts. I am trying again with helenium this year and hope it establishes as well as yours although I don't want a 70m clump of it!
That's a kind thing to say, Cathy, thank you. I love finding out as much as I can about the plants I grow, especially my grasses. I've been trying Helenium 'Moorheim Beauty' this year too, in large pots which may not be ideal. They are very colourful too. I hope yours does well.
And I have now realised that I referred to the Helenium as the 70m hedge and not the rudbeckia – silly me!
Oh wow again – the mass plantings are fabulous!
Thank you Yvonne, this is the garden at its most exuberantly colourful, sun glasses are required on a sunny day. If I may reply to your comment on persicaria here, I'm pleased you have your priorities right – I can never ignore a thirsty plant either.
Excellent article and stunning photographs of what is clearly a carefully thought out garden. I am in my first year of my garden which has never been cultivated before, previously a paddock for goats.i would be very interested to hear more about your "in improved clay soil" My soil is so heavy that I fear I may lose some plants this winter if we have a wet one. Any tips gratefully received!
That's a lovely compliment, thank you, I did start my making a full structural plan for the front garden. In a nutshell : diggers trenches and riddled the rocks, masses of organic matter was added, 4-6″ of bark chippings to suppress weeds. Membrane is useful, anything from old carpet to cardboard. Which magazine online did an excellent article on clay busting. Maybe I should try a post about how we converted our field to a garden? Good luck with your field, it sounds an exciting challenge.
Well I would certainly be interested to read how you did it. I am planning a major mulch this Autumn and was considering bark chippings but really dislike the smell. By organic matter do you mean manure? Or leaf mould? Of both? ( so many questions!
Yes, anything that will open the texture of the clay and improve drainage – straw is good, a bonus of growing lots of grasses. There is a commercial straw product, I shall see if I can find the name for you. Peat is still considered one of the very best soil improves😕. Coir is an alternative😊.
Love your long drifts of flowers and grasses. When I started here I just wanted one of everything, but soon learnt that drifts look a lot better. You certainly have created a beautiful garden with all your grasses and prairie plants.
I agree lots of the same plant creates an impact. Yet in the meadow area the single flowers dotted through the grassesare surprising me. I'm pleased you like the planting.
Your plantings are just dreamy, wonderful ribbons of colour and the scale is breathtaking. I love the mood in Rebecca's photo. It must be like living in a painting!
Yes, it's an atmospheric image and a lovely momento of the terrace at this time of year. I appreciate your comments about the planting, the simple scheme came about to address the slight slope, also had to be very low maintenance. Keeping the variety to a minimum and matching their vigour was the key. I'm still amazed at how well it has worked, all thanks to these remarkable plants.
ps. The liatris really adds to those combos. At first I thought it was hyssop, but it is much stronger presence and better for it. Have you tried hyssop at all though?
You're right! The purple spires in the front corner are hyssop, seedlings from agastache black adder, oops, liatris is just round the corner … Thanks for pointing this out to me 😊. They don't last long in our heavy clay, winter wet sees them off, but they are easy from seed and brilliant fillers. Have you noticed how the leaves smell of black currant? Both are great through the winter for spiky accents.
Breathtaking photographs of your late summer garden. Is Rudbeckia what my grandmother used to call "Black-eyed Susan". Yes! I've never grown it but it's one of those plants that I will forever associate with my childhood. The textural black middles reminding me of my grandmother's silk embroidery. I would love to try miscanthus again. I had a bad experience with a clump I planted over 10 years ago but I know Malepartus is a newer cultivar and lower-growing than the 8 foot monster I grew! I'm really enjoying reading your posts and learning so much from your first hand experience. Thanks Kate.
My Dad calls them that, too, he lives in Ontario … maybe it's a North American nickname? Malepartus is one of my favourite miscanthus, it's tall though! Dwarf cultivars might be worth checking out, I grow several and will review them (soon). As they are flowering from now you might find nice ones offered in your garden centre, we're lucky that those presented for sale are generally reliable selections. It's a good time to be planting them too. Knoll Gardens is great for seeing the range online and has good advice about what to choose for which site and how to care for them.
What an interesting post and so informative. Just the sort of thing I enjoy. I didn' t know where the name rudbeckia came from, thanks for this. Your garden is amazing, Kate, I always love looking at your photos.
Thank you, what a nice compliment. Rudbeckia is very photogenic ;) .