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Le Silène enflé , Silène commun ou Claquet (Silene vulgaris) est une plante herbacée vivace de la famille des Caryophyllacées.

Description

Appareil végétatif
Ce silène, d'aspect variable, généralement glabre ou légèrement pubescente, est une hémicryptophyte d'une hauteur de 20 à . Les racines partant de sa souche ligneuse peuvent pénétrer à une profondeur d'. Ses feuilles opposées, sessiles, ovales ou lancéolées, aiguës au sommet, entières, d'un vert bleuté, sont un peu caoutchouteuses au toucher. Les feuilles inférieures sont atténuées à la base. Sa tige unique dressée devient rameuse au sommet.

Appareil reproducteur
La floraison a lieu d'avril à août. L'inflorescence  est une cyme bipare qui porte de 3 à 20 fleurs blanches très facilement reconnaissables par leurs 5 pétales libres profondément échancrés au sommet, mais surtout par leur calice formé de 5 sépales soudés, renflé en vessie, à 20 nervures ramifiées en réseau. Ce silène gynodioïque a une période de floraison d'avril à octobre et une pollinisation entomogame (essentiellement des papillons). Son fruit est une capsule à graines anémochores.

Habitat et répartition
Espèce héliophile pionnière, on la rencontre dans des friches, pelouses, coupes forestières, moissons, bord des chemins et talus herbeux, terrains vagues, éboulis. Elle est présente surtout sur substrats calcaires et plus spécifiquement dans des déblais miniers, haldes et pelouses calaminaires.

Plante à répartition cosmopolite, elle est commune en France.

L'espèce est présente dans tout le bassin méditerranéen.

Sous-espèces et variétés
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris :  Friches vivaces rudérales pionnières, mésoxérophiles, médioeuropéennes, thermophiles.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. vulgaris var. latifolia :  Prairies médioeuropéennes, mésohydriques, fauchées, subalpino-alpiennes, neutroclines.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. angustifolia Hayek : Arrière-dunes maritimes submobiles, thermophiles, méditerranéennes occidentales, xérophiles.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. bastardii (Boreau ex J.Lloyd) auct. : Pelouses vivaces des lithosols compacts (dalles), acidophiles, eu-atlantiques.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. glareosa (Jord.) Marsden-Jones & Turrill : Éboulis fins, médioeuropéens, basophiles, planitiaires à montagnards, héliophiles.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. humilis (R.Schub.) Rauschert : Pelouses métallicoles médioeuropéennes.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. maritima (With.) Á.Löve & D.Löve var. maritima : Pelouses aérohalines submaritimes atlantiques.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. maritima (With.) Á.Löve & D.Löve var. montana (Arrond.) : Kerguélen des rivages submaritimes boréaux, sur galets et graviers.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. prostrata (Gaudin) Schinz & Thell. : Éboulis médioeuropéens.
 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke subsp. thorei (Dufour) Chater & Walters : Pelouses sabulicoles maritimes, thermoatlantiques.

Données d'après : Julve, Ph., 1998 ff. - Baseflor. Index botanique, écologique et chorologique de la flore de France. Version : 23 avril 2004.

Utilisations

Usages culinaires
Il est communément appelé « pétard », « péterolle », « péteux » au Québec puisqu'il est amusant de le faire éclater en pinçant son orifice, pour emprisonner l'air, avant de le frapper brusquement sur le dos de l'autre main. Pour la même raison, on l'appelle usuellement « claquet » et « pétarel » dans tout le sud de la France.

Les jeunes feuilles récoltées avant la floraison peuvent être consommées en potages, salades ou légumes, finement hachées pour être incorporées dans des omelettes. Les jeunes pousses de silène enflé sont tendres et croquantes. Leur saveur légèrement sucrée rappelle un peu celle des asperges puis des petits pois. Avec l'âge, les feuilles deviennent coriaces et amères, mais peuvent être cuites à la manière des épinards : soit blanchies d'abord, puis apprêtées par une deuxième cuisson, soit sautées rapidement à l'huile ou au beurre.

En Italie orientale (Frioul/Vénétie) le « Silene inflata » est appelé « Sclopit » ou « Sclupit » et considéré comme une herbe aromatique, ses feuilles sont consommées avant la formation des graines, finement hachées dans plusieurs plats traditionnels frioulans : minestra allo sclupit, avec les spaghettini, ou les fruits de mer Saint-Jacques & Langouste.

Dans La Manche, région de l'Espagne, on préparait un gaspacho manchois veuf (gazpacho viudo) dont la base était constituée de feuilles de silène enflé.

En Castille-et-León (Espagne, au nord de Madrid), on prépare une omelette avec les feuilles de silène enflé, appelée Tortilla de Collejas.

Sur l'île d'Ibiza, les feuilles appelées "verdura", sont l'un des ingrédients du "Cuinat", un ragoût végétarien préparé à Pâques.

On trouve encore de la silène sur les marchés en Italie et il est cueilli dans le midi de la France, en Grèce et au Proche-Orient.

Vertus médicinales
On lui attribue une légère action stimulante douce sur le métabolisme. Les principales substances actives
de cette plante sont des saponines (composé toxiques mais peu absorbés par le corps et éliminés par une cuisson prolongée), des mucilages, du sucre ainsi que de la vitamine C.

Les racines séchées étaient appelées behen album, et utilisées pour leurs propriétés cordiales et céphaliques.

Autres
En frottant les fleurs ou les feuilles on peut libérer les saponines et s'en servir comme savon de fortune.

Notes

Références externes

Flore (nom vernaculaire)
Plante comestible
Caryophyllaceae
Métallophyte


At GDGPS, we believe technology has become a ubiquitous part of the educational process and students need to be taught how to responsibly and effectively use it to gather information, process it, put it to practical use and communicate the results.
Blended learning is a term used to describe the way e-learning is combined with traditional classroom methods and independent study to create a new, hybrid teaching methodology. The institution is now in a steadfast state to incorporate the usage of technology of Blended Learning in its teaching methods.


When you are looking for a house for sale that it is the one that can be a tough task. It is a totally different experience that you will have once you will look for a house since it is also the one that is a huge investment on your part. And for this very reason that you need to see to it that you will put on the effort to get the best deals out there. Whenever it is you that will choose to buy a house that you don't have to make a hasty decision. It is very important that you will be doing a lot of research on the house that you want to have. And it is in this article that we will be talking about the many diffident factors that you need to consider when looking for houses for sale.
Looking into the classified section of newspapers and internet is the very fits thing that you need to do when it is houses for sale that you are looking for. Whenever you will consider doing this one that you will also see properties that are available in your area. Seeing your dream house is a thing that you will be able to do once you will choose to look at online ads. It is this one that is also better as you can be dealing directly with the owner. Since there is no more need to deal with agents that you will also be able to get discounts on the deal that you have.
It is always possible to hire a real estate agent once you don't want to do all the work yourself. When it is you that will be hiring a real estate agent that it is them that can give you different listing in your area. Since you will be giving out commissions that it can cost you more but you will also find it easier this way.
Another thing that you can also do when looking for a house for sale is to ask recommendations from friends and people that you know. A a reliable source of information is what you will get once you will choose to ask them for references.
When it is you that will be looking for houses for sale that most of the time, you will have a long list of prospects. And that is why it is also important to see to it that you will narrow down your list. It is base on the area, locality, and price that you are also able to narrow down the list that you have. Making sure that these factors will fit the preference that you have is a thing that you need to do so that you are also able to find the right one. Not going overboard with the budget that you have is a thing that you can do when opting for this one.


So, the talented Ms Valder has created a tutorial that shows you how to use your tree punch to create trees of many sizes. In following this tutorial, I learned this is a card that cannot be easily mass produced, but it sure packs a punch.
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Just a joke." But one officer at the seminar took offence on the commissioner's behalf, and filed a third-party harassment complaint.
Merrifield learned of the complaint in October, Phillips says, when he was informed that Paulson was now the principal complainant.
But one of his closest lieutenants, Assistant Commissioner Steven White, later testified that RCMP brass knew about it as early as January 2012, and that he discussed it with Paulson at that time.
Family members are coming to the defense of a man seen in a video posted online, smashing through the windows of a man's car during a confrontation in Grande Prairie.
It was then, his lawsuit claims, that a handful of his direct commanders took exception to his decision to stand for the federal Conservative nomination in Barrie, Ont., and accused him of failing to obtain the proper leave without pay.
Merrifield lost the nomination, but alleges his bosses had by then embarked on a campaign of harassment, opening four code-of-conduct investigations against him in secret, none of which resulted in discipline.
He has cited it as evidence that the RCMP's commissioned officers protect their own, while using harassment procedures to drive non-commissioned officers they don't like out of the force.
CTV News reported Tuesday that Dennis Tissington, 67, had been charged with mischief following a confrontation Saturday, part of which was recorded by Damian Dallyn.
The video Dallyn recorded – showing Tissington smashing through two windows in Dallyn's car, while Dallyn sat inside – was posted online, and started going viral.
Toronto police say there is no reason to believe that a series of disappearances in the city's Church-Wellesley Village are in any way related.
The neighbourhood has been on edge for more than a year after two men -- Andrew Kinsman and Selim Esen -- went missing.


Actress Briony McRoberts died after being hit by a Tube train at Fulham Broadway station in west London. The 56-year-old, who was married to Downton Abbey actor David Robb, appeared in Scottish drama Take The High Road for nine years.
On television, appeared in The Professionals, The Bill, EastEnders, Taggart, The Crezz and Diamonds. Her regular role as Lady Laird Sam Hagan in the Scottish soap Take the High Road for STV was from 1990 to 1999. In 1976, she played Wendy Darling in a musical adaptation of J. M. Barrie's Peter Pan starring Mia Farrow and Danny Kaye on NBC's Hallmark Hall of Fame. In film, she played Margo Fassbender in The Pink Panther Strikes Again.
McRoberts was found on the tracks at Fulham Broadway station just after 8.30am on July 17, 2013. Agent Katie Threlfall said the "well-loved" and "vibrant" actress had taken her own life, describing the death as "unbelievably shocking".


Although landscapes in the East aren't as prone to fires as those in the West, by paying attention to certain garden practices you can make your landscape less prone to fires. The keys are to reduce potential fuel for fires, and to interrupt paths fires may take.
Even in eastern states, especially in hot and dry summers, having a landscape that is fire resistant can minimize fires starting through careless or accidental means. And it can help minimize a fire spreading, especially if in a neighborhood with other houses close by, should a fire begin in a building. A fire-safe landscape can increase property values, conserve water, and perhaps lower insurance rates.
Creating a fire-safe landscape isn't expensive, relying on your choices of landscape materials, and the design. It is more important "how" you plant, than "what" you plant.
If you use wood for heating, don't store firewood next to the house or garage, even though you may be tempted due to the convenience.
Avoid using lots of bark mulch in beds near structures. If a flower bed, plant the flowers closely so little or no mulch is needed. If a shrub bed, you can use a woven cloth landscape fabric, covered with a thin layer of mulch for aesthetics. Fine mulch burns more quickly than that in large chunks.
Shrubs should not touch each other (this helps prevent fires spreading), and be at least three feet from the sides of home or buildings.
Keep nearby trees pruned so they don't overhang roofs, preferably ten feet away, nor touch each other.
If trees are over 18 feet tall, prune branches at least six feet from the ground. This will help prevent lower branches from igniting should there be a low ground fire and spreading upward-- the "fire ladder" effect. Also keep shrubs from the base of trees.
If in a wooded area, try and keep trees and native vegetation cleared within 50 feet of the home or structures-- the "fire safe" or "defensible" space. Beyond that, it may be good to thin the vegetation by 50% the next 50 feet. This may be through uniform thinning out, or removing plants in patches while leaving others. The latter may be more useful to wildlife which shares this area.
Having a fire-safe landscape doesn't mean bare earth! Keep trees furthest from the house, shrubs closer, and flowers or lawn nearest the house.
Plant choice isn't as important a factor in the East as in the West, but what is important is to keep plants near buildings from drying out. This keeps them more attractive, healthy, resistant to pests and diseases, and of course less prone to burning should there be a fire. All plants will burn, but healthy ones burn much slower. You may install irrigation in this area. This could be as simple and inexpensive as a drip hose through the beds. Adding plenty of compost and peat moss to beds increases their water-holding capacity, so helps keep plants from drying out.
Keep dead twigs pruned from shrubs and trees, and of course remove dead plants that will only dry up and create potential fuel for fires.
Similarly, keep fallen leaves raked from under plants, especially near homes. This is especially true for evergreens and conifers such as pines and spruces, which shed many dry needles that will burn quite easily if dry!
Keep mulch and compost piles at least 30 feet away from homes if possible. This is especially true if they are large, if a dry season, or if they contain much dry material. Turning them every few days keeps the heat from building up too much on the inside, and helps speed up the composting process.
Use caution when using fire outside, whether this be flame weeders (definitely don't use near or on bark mulch!), grills, or smoking. If burning old grass and vegetation, do so only when safe weather conditions, and according to local laws and permits.
Don't mow dry grass. This not only helps the grass survive, but avoids the potential for sparks from mowers to ignite dry grass and thatch.
Don't park on lawns. This helps in many ways besides just helping the grass survive. It avoids compaction of soils, so water in heavy rains can be absorbed and not all run off, possibly straining town sewers or polluting waterways. It avoids gas and oil leaks, which will kill grass and provide potential fuel for fire.
Keep a shovel, sand, and fire extinguisher handy, just in case.
A home is perhaps the largest investment most make in their lifetimes. Landscape lean, clean, and green to create a fire-safe landscape.


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Ashna Roy (born 14 March 1997) is an Indian badminton player.

Achievements

BWF International Challenge/Series
Women's doubles

  BWF International Challenge tournament
  BWF International Series tournament
  BWF Future Series tournament

References

External links

1997 births
Living people
Indian female badminton players
20th-century Indian women
21st-century Indian women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Many students have trouble with listening, but not all types of listening. Many are able to get the gist, (the general idea), but fall down on the specific detail. This will help them become more focused and improve their ability to recognise specific detail.
Select a text and then decide on a specific set of vocabulary (colours, time references, animals, etc) or a grammar point (adjectives, adverbs, etc) and then listen specifically for these words. You should revise aspects of the language related to your choice first, for example look at the word order. This can help you prepare in advance for the imminent word you seek. Say you wish to focus on a noun. You will remember that adjectives usually come before a noun, so when you hear one, the following word should be a noun. Another focus can be to look at signalling or linking words (for example, next, finally, however) and you will be better prepared for the following text.
You need to be exposed to as much English as possible, and the English spoken in everyday life will help you pick up useful words and expand your vocabulary. You'll also get used to the speed at which people speak which tends to be a lot faster, especially when Australians are speaking, than on a recording made especially for English learners. When you socialise with English speakers it could be a challenge, and you may spend most of the time listening and not contributing much, but you have to become "used to" the accents of these speakers and then it becomes easier. Be patient and you should see progress.
Meet friends on a one-to-one basis as often as you can as this will give you the opportunity to talk at length without being interrupted. You'll also have the chance to ask someone to slow down or repeat a word if you don't quite understand.
Choose a quiet location. While you're sure to get some background noise in a pub or café, try to go somewhere relatively quiet as this will help you to hear each and every word.
Enjoy a wide range of activities from meals out to trips to the cinema. The more you do, the more vocabulary you'll be exposed to.
In your spare time, try to listen to as much English television as possible. Again, make sure the shows you watch are diverse as words spoken on the news are sure to be very different to words used during a soap opera. English/Australian/US/Canadian pop music is also a great way to improve your English language skills as it's full of repetition. Catchy tunes also make the songs memorable and you should find yourself singing away to them in no time – which will, of course, help to develop your communication skills.
These days, there are many great listening apps that will help you to make significant progress. With FluentU, for example, you can watch movie trailers, news clips, YouTube videos, music videos and other audio that has been supercharged with a range of English learning tools such as interactive captions offering definitions and pronunciation tips. Videos on this app are also accompanied with flashcards and additional exercises that will help take your learning session to the next level.
These clubs are a great way to meet new friends and to develop your English abilities. While at the club you can talk with others about your life experiences and hear all about what they have to say. Most sessions are also run by teachers and language professionals who will be happy to answer any questions you may have – and to offer tips and advice.


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Haoqiu zhuan (translated into English variously as The Fortunate Union or The Pleasing History), also known as Hau Kiou Chuaan, is a Chinese caizi jiaren (scholar and beauty) novel published in the 17th century. The author is known only under the name "Man of the Teaching of Names" (). The identity of the author and exact date of publishing are not known. Fictional works published at that time in the Qing Dynasty typically were under a pseudonym.

According to Philippe Postel, author of "Les traductions françaises du Haoqiu zhuan," the most commonly stated date of authorship is 1683, at the beginning of the Qing Dynasty. After 1712 the story was given the subtitle Xiayi fengyue zhuan (, "A Tale of Chivalry and Love").

In 1810 George Staunton, who knew Chinese and had lived in China while his father worked for George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney's diplomatic mission, confirmed to Western audiences that a Chinese person created this work. Chloë F. Starr, author of Red-Light Novels of the Late Qing, wrote that this novel was among the best-known caizi jiaren novels. Maram Epstein, author of Competing Discourses: Orthodoxy, Authenticity, and Engendered Meanings in Late Imperial Chinese Fiction, described the novel as being "moralistic". The story has eighteen chapters.

Plot

The beauty, Shui Bingxin, and the scholar, Tie Zhongyu, want to avenge their fathers and go against the bureaucracy, which is corrupt. Shui Bingxin's uncle wants her to marry a son of an official with a lot of power, but Shui Bingxin does not want to marry that man, who is dissolute. Tie Zhongyu rescues Shui Bingxin and the two begin to live in the same house. The uncle spreads rumors that suggest Shui Bingxin is not a virgin. Tie Zhongyu focuses on his studies after Shui Bingxin persuades him to. The two lovers marry after Tie Zhongyu receives the top ranking of the metropolitan examination.

Due to the rumors, Shui Bingxin does not want to have sexual intercourse with Tie Zhongyu. At the end, the Empress oversees a physical examination of Shui Bingxin. In this way, the Empress verifies the virginity of Shui Bingxin. The Emperor of China gives rewards to those loyal to him and punishes those guilty of crimes. After the verification, the two lovers consummate their union.

Characters
 Shui Bingxin () - Shui Bingxin is the beauty character. Epstein states that Shui Bingxin is "unrelentingly stern in her commitment to Confucian morality". In the 1761 version her name is written as Shuey-ping-sin (or "Shuey-ping-ſin with a long s). In the Fortunate Union version her name is written as Shueypingsin.
 Tie Zhongyu () - Tie Zhongyu is the scholar character. Epstein states that Tie Zhongyu is "unusually strong and daring compared with other characters of his type". "Tie" means iron. In the 1761 version his name is written as Tieh-chung-u. In the Fortunate Union version his name is Teihchungyu.

Style and approach
Haoqiu zhuan was written to easily allow the reader to follow the story by strengthening the internal consistency of the narrative, often by full and frequent recapitulations to third parties within the story. Starr stated that as a consequence, the novel "painfully" over-repeats itself. Chloë F. Starr writes that the novel has very little description of interior thought, a common feature in 17th century Chinese novels. The novel often uses an eyewitness delivering a soliloquy as a way to recall events not seen by the principal characters. For instance a monk tells another character that there was a plot to poison the hero and that he himself had a part in this role; Starr states "the question of the addressee is left unresolved in this clumsy technique."

Keith McMahon comments that the lovers in Haoqui zhuan "are like stereotyped opposites of the characters in earlier works." The love of the scholar and the beauty "sharply contrasts" with depictions in late Ming fiction, where love is erotic rather than spiritual. Now "sentiment replaces libido" and "refined, internal feelings replace vulgar, external sensations." The very name of the beauty, Bing Xin (Ice-Heart), conveys her chastity and emotional control, though she is at the same time loyal and loving. Tie Zhongyu (Jade-within-iron) is in a sense a feminized hero, rather than the passionate and indulgent lover of the late Ming ideal.  Although there is only an implicit criticism  of qing (emotion) which was so prominent in late Ming fiction,  the lovers here maintain a balance between li (propriety) and feeling (qing). They marry only when her father grants permission, even though he urges her to decide for herself, and even after they are wed they do not consummate their marriage until the empress herself refutes the villains and confirms that Bingxin is a virgin.

Translations

English
The first European translations occurred in the 18th century. With the exception of short works, this was the first Chinese novel translated into a Western language.

The first English edition was translated by a British merchant, James Wilkinson, resident in Guangzhou (Canton). Wilkinson translated about 75% into English and another person translated the remainder into Portuguese. James St. André, author of "Modern Translation Theory and Past Translation Practice: European Translations of the Haoqiu zhuan", wrote that "[i]t is suspected that" the translation was written while Wilkinson did the translation as part of his learning Chinese. St. André stated that the person who completed the translation "is suspected" to be a Portuguese man living in Macau, Wilkinson's tutor. In 1761 Thomas Percy, the Bishop of Dromore, had published this version anonymously; before Percy published it, the Portuguese portion was translated into English and the entire version had been edited. Percy published the second edition in 1774, and in it he revealed Wilkinson's identity and his own identity. This was the first ever translation of a Chinese novel in a European language. When Percy was alive he tried but failed to verify that it was indeed a work of fiction created by a Chinese person; he asked Macartney for assistance, but the assistance did not help him verify the work.

In 1829 a member of the Royal Asiatic Society, John Francis Davis, translated Haoqiu zhuan, using the title The Fortunate Union.

Alexander Brebner published "The Pleasing History [an adaptation of a translation of a Chinese story]" in 1895.

In 1899 an anonymous individual published Shueypinsin: A story made from the Chinese romance Haoukewchuen.

In 1926 the 1925 French translation of Haoqiu zhuan by George Soulié de Morant was translated into English.

French
The Wilkinson/Percy English version was also translated into French; St. André stated that "some say" the French version was directly translated from the German translation of the Wilkinson/Percy English version.

St. André stated that a French edition published in 1828 "[seems]" to have originated from an English version.

A French translation of the Davis English version was created by Guillard D'Arcy and published in 1842.

George Soulié de Morant published La brise au claire de lune, Le deuxième livre de genie, a French translation in 1925. According to Morant, it was the first French version that was based directly on the Chinese text. Morant had used an alternate title as the title of his translation.

Other translations
Christoph Gottlieb von Murr translated the Wilkinson/Percy first English version into German. An anonymous individual had translated the Wilkinson/Percy first English version into Dutch.

In 1831, a fragment from the novel was anonymously translated into Russian directly from Chinese and published in the Northern Flowers almanach edited by Alexander Pushkin. This was the first translation of a piece of the Chinese prose into Russian.

Takizawa Bakin made the Japanese version, Kyōkakuden.

St. André stated that a German edition published in 1869 "[seems]" to have originated from an English version.

In 1925 a German translation was published. In 1927 Franz Kuhn directly translated Haoqiu zhuan from Chinese to German. This version has been republished on several occasions.

Footnoted editions
In Shanghai, Frederick Baller published a Chinese-language version of Haoqiu zhuan with footnotes in English. He published this version in 1904 and in 1911.

Reception
James St. André, author of "Modern Translation Theory and Past Translation Practice: European Translations of the Haoqiu zhuan", wrote that in China the novel was originally "considered second-rate fiction and stood in danger of being completely forgotten with changes in literary taste in the early twentieth century." He stated that because there had been interest in translating the novel into English, this "gave life and fame" to Haoqiu zhuan and therefore affected its standing in China.

Legacy
The basic plot of the novel Ernü Yingxiong Zhuan (The Story of Hero Boys and Hero Girls) originates from Haoqiu zhuan.

Notes and references

Notes

References

  Postel, Philippe. "Les traductions françaises du Haoqiu zhuan" ( ). Littératures d'Asie : traduction et réception. No. 2, 2011.
 St. André, James. "Modern Translation Theory and Past Translation Practice: European Translations of the Haoqiu zhuan" (Chapter 2). In: Chan, Leo Tak-hung (editor). One Into Many: Translation and the Dissemination of Classical Chinese Literature (Issue 18 of Approaches to translation studies). Rodopi, 2003. Start page 39. , 9789042008151.

Further reading
  Ding, Pingping (丁平平 Dīng Píngpíng) (College of Liberal Arts (文学院), Shaanxi University of Technology). "The Inheritance and Breakthrough of Traditions in the Novel--Haoqiu Zhuan" (《好逑传》对才子佳人模式的继承与突破). 《安康学院学报》 2013年第1期73-75,共3页. Classification Number (分类号):I207.41.
  Hou, Jian (侯 健 Hóu Jiàn). "Haoqiu Zhuan yu Clarissa: Liangzhong shehui jiazhi de aiqing gushi" (「好逑傳」與「克拉麗薩」: 兩種社會價值的愛情故事 - A Tale of Chivalry and Love and Clarissa: romantic fiction based on two distinct social value systems), Zhongguo xiaoshuo bijiao yanjiu (中國小說比較研究), p. 95-116.
  Isobe, Yuko (磯部 佑子 Isobe Yūko) and Nguyễn Văn Hoài. "The Spread Of Chinese Scholar-Beauty Romances In East Asia: The Case Study Of Er Du Mei And Hao Qiu Zhuan" (Về đặc trưng truyền bá tiểu thuyết tài tử giai nhân Trung Quốc ở Đông Á – lấy Nhị độ mai, Hảo cầu truyện làm đối tượng khảo sát chính yếu) (Archive ). National University of Ho Chi Minh City Faculty of Literature and Linguistics. SỐ 14, THÁNG 11 NĂM 2013.

External links

 Hau kiou choaan; or, The pleasing history. 1761. - View entry at Google Books
 Volume II
 Volume III
 Volume IV
 Davis, John Francis, P.R.S. The Fortunate Union: A Romance. 1829. - Archive.org
  D'Arcy, Guillard. Hao-khieou-tchouan, ou, La femme accomplie : roman chinois. 1842. - Archive.org
  La Brise au clair de lune, le deuxième livre de génie ( ), trad. George Soulié de Morant, Grasset, « Les Cahiers verts », 1935, rééd. « Les Cahiers rouges », 2004
 The Pleasing History [An Abridged Translation of the Hao Ch'iu Chuan]. 1895. - View entry at Google Books

17th-century Chinese novels
Qing dynasty novels
Chinese romance novels


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Weedkiller is sprayed on a soybean field in the Cerrado plains near Campo Verde, Mato Grosso state. Brazil is one of the top destinations for the EU's banned pesticide exports. Photo: Yasuyoshi Chiba / AFP / Getty
Thousands of tonnes of banned pesticides shipped to poorer countries from British and European factories
Year long investigation reveals full scale of Europe's 'abhorrent' trade in pesticides banned from its own farms - and the UK's leading role
Crispin Dowler
@CrispinDowler
The United Kingdom is by far Europe's biggest exporter of toxic banned pesticides to poorer countries, an Unearthed and Public Eye investigation has revealed.
It found that EU countries issued plans in 2018 to export more than 81,000 tonnes of pesticides containing chemicals prohibited in their own fields.
Poorer countries like South Africa, Ukraine, and Brazil – where experts warn hazardous pesticide use poses the greatest risks – were the intended destination for the bulk of shipments.
The UK was responsible for 13,760 tonnes of those planned shipments to low- and middle-income countries – close to three times the amount attributable to any other exporter.
Among the banned agrochemicals shipped by the tonne from EU ports were substances found by the EU's own authorities to pose potential health hazards like reproductive failure, endocrine disruption or cancer, and environmental hazards like groundwater contamination or poisoning of fish, birds, mammals or bees.
Loopholes in European law mean chemical companies like Bayer and Syngenta can continue making pesticides for export long after they have been banned from use in the EU to protect the environment or the health of its citizens.
Visualisations by Martin Grandjean
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The companies and states that shipped these products told Unearthed that different parts of the world had different climates which needed different pesticides, and every nation had the sovereign right to decide which chemicals its farmers could use.
But campaigners in the importing nations said this was a "double standard" which placed a lower value on lives and ecosystems in poorer countries.
"If a pesticide is banned for causing cancer in the EU it will cause the same problems in Brazilian people," said Alan Tygel, spokesperson for the Permanent Campaign Against Pesticides and for Life, a Brazilian umbrella group of social movements and NGOs. "The climate and agriculture are different, but the human bodies are very much the same."
Unearthed and Public Eye, an NGO that investigates human rights abuses by Swiss companies, filed multiple freedom of information requests to regulators across the EU for the paperwork companies must produce if they want to export banned chemicals.
The investigation netted hundreds of documents revealing 11 different EU member states involved in the export of banned 'crop protection products'.
But by far the biggest exporter by volume was the UK, the origin of 32,188 tonnes of planned exports – almost 40% of the total.
The vast bulk of the UK's notified exports – 28,185 tonnes – were mixtures containing paraquat, a long-banned weedkiller manufactured in Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, by the agrochemical giant Syngenta. It is so toxic that a sip can kill, making it a common cause of fatal suicide attempts in poorer countries, and has been found by scientists to increase risk of Parkinson's disease.
The investigation's findings come after three dozen United Nations human rights experts issued a statement this summer calling on wealthy nations to end the "deplorable" practice of exporting banned pesticides to poorer countries with weaker regulations.
Two women working at a melon farm in Nacaome, Honduras. Honduras was one of the intended destinations for export of banned fumigant 1,3-D, which is used in fruit and vegetable production. Photo: Orlando Sierra / AFP / Getty
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In response to Unearthed and Public Eye's investigation, Baskut Tuncak, the then-UN special rapporteur on toxics who drafted this summer's statement, said he was "honestly shocked and appalled" to learn of the amount of paraquat being exported from the UK. This was, he said, an "unquestionably hazardous pesticide that is killing countless people around the world and resulting in who knows how many cases of health impacts such as Parkinson's".
Syngenta denies that existing science shows a causal link between paraquat and Parkinson's disease.
In the July statement, Tuncak described the export of banned chemicals to poorer countries as a form of "exploitation" that shifted the health and environmental consequences of these products onto "the most vulnerable," particularly "communities of African descent and other people of colour".
The "loopholes" that allowed this cross-border trade were "a political concession to industry, allowing their chemical manufacturers to profit from inevitably poisoned workers and communities abroad, all the while importing cheaper products through global supply chains and fuelling unsustainable consumption and production patterns".
In 2022, France will become the first EU country to impose a ban on the export of banned pesticides, after a legal challenge by agrochemical companies was defeated earlier this year. But Tuncak told Unearthed there needed to be an EU-wide ban.
"The European Union as a whole needs to demonstrate leadership to other countries around the world on this issue," he said. "From there I think we can move towards an even broader consensus on ending this abhorrent practice of discrimination and exploitation."
Unearthed and Public Eye's investigation found a close correlation between Europe's preferred sources of food imports and its banned pesticide sales. The countries that are the EU's most important sources of agricultural produce – the United States, Brazil, and Ukraine – were all among the top five destinations for the EU's banned pesticide exports.
The paper trail
The practice by manufacturers of continuing to export chemicals from the EU after they have been banned domestically is not new, but the key players have always been obscured by a veil of commercial confidentiality.
One of the few restrictions placed on these exporters is the Rotterdam Convention on international trade in hazardous pesticides and chemicals. This UN convention requires countries to share information about the dangers of their banned chemical exports with the importing countries.
Apparently the earnings of shareholders are more important than people's health and the environment in the vast tracts of land that are exploited to produce raw materials for the EU market
The idea is to give poor countries that do not have resources to do their own research the opportunity to make an informed decision on whether to accept the exports.
Under EU rules, any company that wants to export banned chemicals needs to produce an "export notification" detailing the reasons the product is banned, its intended uses, and the amount the company intends to ship. National and EU regulators check these documents and issue them to authorities in the destination countries.
These notifications are not a perfect record – quantities actually exported may end up being greater or less than estimated, and some notified exports do not take place in a given year – but they are the most precise paper trail available for the EU's trade in banned agrochemicals.
To cut through the secrecy of this trade, Unearthed and Public Eye spent months filing requests for these documents to the European Chemicals Agency, and regulators in Germany, France, Belgium and the UK. This produced the most complete record of banned agricultural pesticides exported from the EU ever to reach the public domain.
The investigation found:
EU countries including the UK notified exports of 81,615 tonnes of banned pesticide products in 2018, with more than half (42,636 tonnes) intended for low- and middle-income countries (LMICs);
These exports were destined for 85 different countries, of which more than three quarters were LMICs: Brazil, Ukraine, Morocco, Mexico and South Africa were all among the top 10 importers of EU banned pesticide exports;
Two thirds of the notified exports to richer nations were destined for one place: the US, which has some of the most permissive pesticide regulations among high-income countries and is itself a major exporter of banned agrochemicals to LMICs;
The products notified for export in 2018 contained 41 different banned pesticides, many of which have been prohibited from use in the EU for more than a decade;
While the UK was by far the biggest player by volume, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, France, Spain and Belgium were all major exporters;
Swiss-based, Chinese-owned Syngenta was by far the biggest exporter of banned agrochemicals among manufacturers, with notified exports of 29,307 tonnes – close to three times those of its nearest competitor;
But more than two dozen other companies notified banned agrochemical exports from the EU in 2018, ranging from listed multinationals like US-based Corteva Agriscience and Germany's Bayer, to lesser-known businesses like Italy's Sipcam Oxon or the UK's Inovyn;
As the EU continues to ban pesticides found hazardous to human health or the environment, it is adding to the list of products it produces solely for export: Unearthed and Public Eye found that in 2019 pesticide companies issued their first-ever export notifications for nine recently-banned pesticides;
An EU official told Unearthed that European rules on banned pesticide exports were already "stricter than required" by the Rotterdam Convention. The official said a "ban of exports from the EU will not automatically lead third countries to stop using such pesticides – they may import from elsewhere".
She argued that "convincing them not to use such pesticides will be more effective" and this would be part of the "green diplomacy efforts" planned by the EU to "achieve more sustainable food systems globally."
But Nina Holland, a campaigner at the Brussels-based NGO Corporate Europe Observatory, said the European Commission's goal of reducing pesticide harm in the countries from which it imports food could "only be consistent if a ban on production and export of these pesticides is immediately installed".
She added: "Apparently the earnings of shareholders of these companies are more important for EU governments than people's health and the environment in the vast tracts of land that are exploited to produce raw materials for the EU market.
"The fact that this practice is only set to increase, with new chemicals including pollinator-killing substances like fipronil being added to the list, is completely in contradiction with the new Commission's ambitions when it comes to reducing the harm done by pesticides."
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A man cuts sugarcane on a farm near the Kruger National Park in Komatiepoort, South Africa. South Africa was in the top 10 importers of EU banned pesticide exports in 2018. Photo: Dan Kitwood / Getty
Fish 'with two heads'
Among the EU's most significant exports by weight were the 'soil fumigant' 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), and the banned weedkillers atrazine and acetochlor.
Acetochlor, which is produced by both Bayer and Corteva, was banned from EU use in 2011 because of concerns about "potential human exposure above the acceptable daily intake", "high risk of groundwater contamination", a "high risk for aquatic organisms" and a "high long term risk for herbivorous birds".
The chemical is suspected by EU authorities of causing cancer and damaging fertility.
The two multinationals notified exports of more than 4,000 tonnes of acetochlor-based weedkillers in 2018, with most of it coming from Belgium and intended for Ukraine. It is marketed in the former Soviet republic for use on maize, which in turn is one of the main products the EU buys from Ukraine.
Both Bayer and Corteva said their products met high safety standards when properly used, and were tailored to meet the needs of different farmers in different places.
A Corteva spokesperson said: "Crop protection products exported from Europe have been fully approved in the country of destination. These products meet farmers' agronomic needs in the export countries; these needs will likely differ from the needs of growers in the EU."
But Dmytro Skrylnikov, head of Ukrainian NGO the Bureau of Environmental Investigation, told Unearthed there was little difference between the environment and pests in Ukraine and parts of the EU. "I believe the climate in Western Ukraine is similar to Poland, which is an EU country, or Slovakia, or Hungary," he said. "The difference is corrupted government and very powerful transnational corporations."
Atrazine, meanwhile, has been banned in the EU since 2004 over concerns about groundwater contamination, and has been found by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to pose reproductive and developmental risks to animals and humans – particularly children.
The EU notified exports of 1,425 tonnes of atrazine-based weedkillers in 2018. More than three quarters of the total was notified by Syngenta from France, to destinations including Ukraine, Sudan and Pakistan.
1,3-D is used to kill tiny worms called 'nematodes' that live in soil. It has been classified as a likely human carcinogen by the US's EPA, where the chemical remains controversially used in strawberry fields. However, it was banned in the EU because of concerns about potential risks to wildlife and groundwater from "large amounts" of "polychlorinated impurities". It is often exported from the EU in mixtures with another banned fumigant pesticide called chloropicrin, which was manufactured as a chemical weapon during World War I.
The bulk of these exports were notified by US-based Corteva from Spain and the Netherlands, and intended for destinations including the US itself, Morocco, Israel, Senegal and South Africa.
But four other countries and at least four other companies also notified exports of these products, with significant destinations including Guatemala and Honduras, where labour rights groups have recently raised concerns about exposure of melon farm workers to the chemical.
Working on a moving platform, Louisa Espinoza sorts and stacks boxes of strawberries picked by workers in a Santa Maria, California field. Despite being classified by the EPA as a likely human carcinogen, 1,3-dichloropropene is still used on strawberry fields in the US. Photo: Al Seib / Los Angeles Times / Getty
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Unearthed and Public Eye's investigation also revealed highly hazardous pesticides exported in smaller volumes. Among these was carbendazim, a fungicide classified by the EU as 'mutagenic' – capable of causing gene mutations – and 'reprotoxic' – capable of damaging fertility, sexual function or the unborn child.
In Australia, the chemical was at the centre of a high-profile legal battle a decade ago, over claims that spray-drift from macadamia nut plantations had caused a fish hatchery to produce fish with deformities like two heads or no eyes.
EU states issued export notifications for 533 tonnes of carbendazim products in 2018, although German authorities told Unearthed that a planned export of 250 tonnes from their country to Ukraine was not ultimately shipped that year.
The rest of the carbendazim exports were notified from Belgium and France by multinational Arysta LifeScience, now part of UPL, and destined for countries including Bangladesh, Chile, Ecuador, the Philippines, the Dominican Republic, and even Iraq.
Arysta declined to comment for this story.
Agroquimicos de Levante, one of the Spanish companies that exports 1,3-D and chloropicrin, said that although these chemicals were not currently authorised in the EU, new safety studies had been submitted to EU authorities and their status was under review.
Bayer and BASF – along with a number of other pesticide exporters – said they provided large amounts of training on safe use of their products to farmers and dealers in importing countries. Bayer said it provided more than 1 million such trainings last year.
Dutch courage
Bayer's spokesperson said France's upcoming ban on the export of banned pesticides would have "no effect on the authorisation or use of the products in question in the countries in which they are authorised" and that France was "the only country in the world which plans for this kind of export restrictions".
However, a spokesperson for the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management said the Netherlands planned to use an upcoming meeting with other European environment ministers to "explore a European export ban for these substances".
Unearthed understands that the country is not currently committed to supporting a ban, but wants to explore with its peers whether a ban could be useful.
The spokesperson said an EU or global ban was needed to prevent manufacturers simply switching to other exporting countries in response to national bans.
A spokesperson for the Belgian authorities said France's decision to ban exports was being "closely followed by our services". She added that so far Belgium's three regions had "not yet considered adopting such a measure" but "we very strongly support consideration and adoption of potential measures concerning the export of products whose use is prohibited" in Europe.
Brexit battle
With Brexit looming, any attempts at an EU-wide clampdown on banned pesticide exports would be unlikely to have any immediate impact in the UK. Some even fear leaving the EU could see the UK embrace a larger role in the trade.
"I am concerned that from 1 January 2021 onwards, from which the UK will not be bound anymore by EU rules, the British authorities might be even more willing to allow this dangerous practice," said Erik Millstone, a food safety policy expert and emeritus professor of science policy at Sussex University.
"What is happening at the moment is a major battle within the UK government between those that want Brexit to be used as an opportunity to weaken regulations, and others who think that it is in the UK's best interests to maintain high [domestic] standards."
Regardless of what impact this battle has on UK pesticide exports, the country already exports vastly more banned pesticide than anywhere else in Europe. That is almost entirely down to one chemical and one company.
The 28,185 tonnes of paraquat products that Syngenta notified for export from its Huddersfield factory in 2018 was by itself greater than the total weight of banned pesticides notified for export from Italy, the Netherlands and Germany.
Nearly half of those exports by weight (14,000 tonnes) were destined for the United States – a country where Syngenta is currently facing lawsuits from farmers who allege paraquat gave them Parkinson's disease.
Loophole keeps bee-killing pesticides in widespread use, two years after EU ban
A worker stands in a harvester as it harvests winter wheat in Novoazovsk, Donetsk region, Ukraine. The EU notified around 6,000 tonnes of banned pesticides for export to Ukraine in 2018. Photo: Valentin Sprinchak / TASS / Getty
The bulk of the rest of the notified exports were destined for LMICs like Mexico, India, Colombia, South Africa, and particularly Brazil, where paraquat is used to dry soybean crops and speed up harvest, as well as to kill weeds.
Brazil was the intended destination for 9,000 tonnes of paraquat mixtures from the UK in 2018, despite a 2017 decision by Brazil's National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) to phase out its use because of the seriousness of occupational and accidental poisoning cases, and scientific evidence of its potential to trigger Parkinson's and cause gene mutations.
The weedkiller is supposed to be finally banned in Brazil this month, on 22 September. However, soy farmers and other agribusinesses have been scrambling to fund new health research to build a case for reversing the ban. According to Brazillian news reports, ANVISA is due to meet next week to consider whether to delay the ban and give agribusiness more time to complete studies.
Meanwhile, the supposed 'phase out' of paraquat in Brazil has had minimal impact on Syngenta's notified exports to the country. Further documents obtained by Unearthed and Public Eye show that in 2019 the company notified exports of 8,770 tonnes to Brazil, almost identical to the previous year. Even this year, with the ban due to take effect this month, Syngenta planned a further 3,310 tonnes of Brazil paraquat shipments.
A Syngenta spokesperson said the company had a long history of "investing heavily in programs and training to ensure the correct use of our products" and that when "following label instructions, farmers can responsibly and safely use crop protection products that have been authorised by competent local authorities".
He added: "[It] stands to reason that products required, for example, to grow crops in Indonesia require different solutions to a farmer in France.
"Like farmers' needs and agronomic conditions, the regulatory systems may differ from one country to the other, so the regulatory status of a specific product is not the same the world over.
"Each country has the sovereign right to adopt and implement regulatory frameworks that best meet its specific needs."
But Brazilian anti-pesticides campaigner Alan Tygel said many agrochemical manufacturers were involved in intensive lobbying to relax Brazil's pesticide regulations. "The same companies that say they adhere to national laws, they also work a lot to change and shape these laws," he told Unearthed. "And that is the main flaw in this argument."
Campaigners in a number of the tropical countries where Syngenta sells paraquat told Unearthed that it was practically impossible for workers in their countries to follow the label instructions on hazardous pesticides.
Fernando Bejarano, from the Pesticide Action Network Mexico (or RAPAM) said the real consequence of differing climates was that it was too hot in places like Mexico to wear the personal protective equipment available to farmworkers in Europe. "The argument that your use has to follow the label and use the protective equipment is not feasible."
Many also argued that social inequalities in their countries amplified the risks of these chemicals. "There is an inherent inequality in South Africa in relation to farmers and farmworkers," said Rico Euripidou, campaigner for South African environmental justice group Groundwork. He explained that farmworkers in South Africa were typically poor migrant workers who spoke native languages, and who were unlikely to have finished school, or to be able to read a label in English, or to understand hazard symbols on a pesticide container.
This combination was a "perfect storm" which led to farmworkers "not being able to take adequate and reasonable measures" to protect themselves.
The only other company that notified a banned pesticide export from the UK in 2018 was Inovyn, a Merseyside-based subsidiary of the chemicals giant Ineos. The company notified an export of up to 4,000 tonnes of 1,3-D to Japan.
An Inovyn spokesperson confirmed that the chemical was intended for a customer that would market it as a pesticide. He said the precise quantity exported was commercially confidential, but it was "certainly below" 4,000 tonnes.
The UK's department for environment, food and rural affairs declined to comment.
Sprawling soya plantations in the municipality of Riachão das Neves in the Cerrado region, part of Brazil's "Ring of Soy". In 2018, the UK notified 28,185 tonnes of paraquat for export to a handful of countries including Brazil, where the deadly chemical is used to dry soybean crops and kill pests. Photo: Marizilda Cruppe / Greenpeace
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How we did it
Unearthed and Public Eye spent about nine months filing freedom of information requests for the export notifications used in this investigation. We obtained most of the data from the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA), which acts as a kind of clearing house for these notifications in the EU, collecting them from national regulators and sending them to destination countries. But there was too much data to request it all from ECHA, so we also submitted FOI requests to authorities in Germany, Belgium and France.
We obtained a list from ECHA of all of the (52) chemicals that are banned for use as crop protection products and were exported for use as pesticides in 2018, and we attempted to obtain every one of these export notifications. However, many banned products exported from the EU as "pesticides" are not intended for crop protection: they may be used in domestic pest control, to disinfect livestock sheds or medical equipment, or to coat the hulls of ships. Once we obtained the notifications we examined them in detail to identify and remove those that were not intended for crop protection. We encountered a few chemicals on the list that are not generally used in agriculture and were too widely exported to obtain every notification (e.g. ethylene oxide and didecyldimethylammonium chloride). In these cases we took a sample of FOIs, and supplemented this with research in other datasets to ensure they were non-agricultural exports.
Through this process we built a dataset of banned pesticides notified for export as crop protection products. The quantities used in this investigation are those given on the notification forms, which include both the weight of the banned chemical and any other additives to the product.
All countries and companies in our dataset were given an opportunity to review and comment on our findings. The majority declined to comment precisely on numbers, however a few did provide precise figures for 2018 exports: some of these were greater or less than planned. A few others declined to provide precise figures, but did indicate specific exports that did not ultimately take place in 2018. We are publishing a full dataset alongside this investigation which shows in these cases how actual exports differed from planned exports.
The Netherlands told Unearthed that the overall volume of banned pesticides it exported in 2018 was 6,560 tonnes (compared with 8,010 tonnes in the export notifications) but did not provide figures for individual exports. A spokesperson for the Dutch authorities also said that while on paper the Netherlands was the origin of around 2,600 tonnes of exports containing the banned pesticide propargite, in reality "the exported Propargite is produced in Italy and shipped from Italian ports. The firm involved only has an office in the Netherlands for administrative purposes". Spain said the actual volume of active ingredients it exported in 2018 was 4,025 tonnes, but this is solely the weight of banned chemicals, and cannot be directly compared to the 5,182 tonnes of formulated pesticides it notified for export.

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Tesla TSLA Receives $500 PT by 2026 from ARK Invest, Based on EVs Alone
Image: GO Rentals
ARK Invest has updated its Tesla price target for 2026. Including the stock split, and excluding any of Tesla's businesses other than EVs, the firm expects the price to be $500 per share, four times the current price.
ARK Invest analyst Tasha Keeney has published an update on the firm's view of Tesla's share price in 2026. The forecast has been adjusted to reflect a 3-for-1 stock split that took effect on August 25, 2022. The new $500-per-share PT included only an assessment of growth potential in the automotive division and excluded all others. The adjusted price is four times the current price.
The information update provides additional context for the 2026 price target, which was $4,600 before the split and included an assessment of autonomous driving in its model. Released in April 2022, ARK's model included updated assumptions for the entire self-driving car market at every price point, as well as the likelihood that Tesla will solve for fully autonomous driving. In the updated forecast, ARK excluded autonomous driving and any form of ride-hailing from the valuation framework, which accounted for more than 60% of Tesla's value over the next five years.
Removing autonomous driving & any form of ride-hail, which we believe will drive >60% of Tesla's value over the next 5 years, our 2026 price target would become roughly $500/share (post split) based on EVs alone, more than a 4X increase from current price.https://t.co/SWx3ZlQKHT
— Tasha Keeney (@TashaARK) January 6, 2023
While referring to Keeney's tweet, ARK Invest's Sam Korus said the company's superior drivetrain efficiency and low battery costs should make it one of the best positioned to weather any cyclical slowdown for automakers. "As it has been done in the past, it can be the first to lower prices, which puts pressure on other automakers," he added.
On Friday, ARK's Cathie Wood paid a lot of attention to the opportunities that are opening up for electric vehicles. She stressed that Tesla does not need autonomous driving to be successful. "The EV opportunity alone is enormous," she added. Wood said Tesla's goal was to drive down prices and increase the adoption of electric vehicles. She talked about the fact that at the 2023 Investor Day, the company is going to introduce a new platform for a model that could cost close to $25,000.
ARK expects the EV market to grow from about 8.5 million in 2022 to about 60 million units, or about 75% of the market, over the next five years, Wood said—though that estimate could be conservative, she added. Wood also believes that Tesla is three to four years ahead of the competition in battery costs and is in a different league in developing chips and data for autonomous driving.
Legal Disclaimer --
This article is for informational purposes only. You should not construe any such information or other material as an investment, financial, or other advice. Nothing contained in this article constitutes a solicitation, recommendation, endorsement, or offer by Eva Fox, Tesmanian, or any third party service provider to buy or sell any securities or other financial instruments in this or in any other jurisdiction in which such solicitation or offer would be unlawful under the securities laws of such jurisdiction.
Eva Fox holds zero shares of Tesla, Inc., and currently (at the time of this article's publishing) holds zero options or securities in Tesla Inc. and/or its affiliates.
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GoPro HERO9 Black Experience Review: Vlogger's New Choice
2 months ago Serena
In today's fast-paced world, do you prefer text content or video content? In fact, for many consumers, video is the most popular form, which is one of the reasons why all kinds of short video platforms will catch on. When we are immersed in various short videos every day, have we ever thought that we could also become a video creator rather than a viewer of various videos? There is only one GoPro HERO9 Black between us and the creator.
In September, GoPro unveiled its flagship HERO 9 Black sports camera, which features a new 20-megapixel sensor, built-in horizon correction, and a new generation of HyperSmooth super stabilization 3.0, 5K video shooting, and a 30% improvement in battery life. For Vlogger in particular, the modular design of the GoPro HERO9 Black makes it a device dedicated to documenting everyday life without losing its powerful motion attributes. If you're a video creator, you'll be impressed.
Now let's take a look at how GoPro HERO9 Black has helped us document our lives more effectively.
The appearance is very different
Although said that after years of iteration, GoPro have formed distinct product design style, but GoPro HERO9 Black can be said to be a leap, front picked up a piece of LCD display, it can be when we shot the real-time preview, although is not very big, also you cannot carry out touching operation, but it is functional. Compared to the GoPro 8's digital screen, its more direct preview format is more popular, at least without the need to preview every time you use the rear screen. But also, the whole piece of front panel display quality is very high, even in the sun also can show clearly, we can choose according to different scenarios full-screen, 16:9 or show only the parameters, with the following format and under 4K filming, basic negligible, delay under 5K format, there will be some delay, can choose according to their own requirements when you use daily.
On the back, the GoPro HERO9 Black's back screen is arguably the largest in the GoPro series, increasing the size of the screen in addition to making the user's senses more comfortable to use on a daily basis and adjusting parameters less error-prone. Aside from the front screen, the most obvious thing I noticed as soon as I got my hands on it was the volume change of the GoPro HERO9 Black, which is a full circle larger and much heavier than the GoPro 8. This means that our previous batteries and other accessories won't work on GoPro 9, which in a way increases the replacement cost for regular users, which is a bit tough. Of course, if you're buying GoPro for the first time, that's not an issue.
Of course, while the GoPro HERO9 Black has grown in size and the previous accessories are no longer usable, it's a new experience. The battery capacity of the GoPro HERO9 Black has been increased to 1720mAh, an increase of about 30% over the GoPro 8's 1220mAh, and even 40% to 60% in cold weather, according to officials. As a practical matter, I took it out, filmed for most of the day, patted it on and off, and one of the batteries still had left. With this kind of battery life, it's really easy for you to take pictures, and it also reduces the extra cost on our battery. Unless you're a very heavy camera user, an extra battery is a must.
On the right side of the camera, the words "9 BLACK" are written prominently, which is a continuation of GoPro's classic design. In the middle is a large mode button, which is convenient for us to switch mode during shooting. The big button is more comfortable to press. On the bottom right, there is a microphone for drainage. For this design, many people may want to open it and see the internal structure, but it is advised not to try it. At the bottom of the fuselage, a classic folding connector is designed for easy storage.
Vlogging in different ways
For GoPro HERO9 Black, this is a big upgrade can take 5K video, it is quite useful for a lot of video creators, under 5K blessing, even magnified image and intercept 14.7 MP screen capture when also can keep important details, at the same time, it can also be taken 4K, 2.7K, 1440 p and 1080P video, can meet the demand of our use of different scenarios. Of course, although 5K brings more details, it adds a certain amount of time delay, which we need to adapt to when shooting. At the same time, currently only 30 frames are supported under 5K, which is somewhat regrettable.
The reason why GoPro HERO9 Black is good at Vlogging is actually closely related to its front screen. With it, we can preview the shot in real time and judge whether the shot is satisfactory or not, so that we won't have to rework and reshoot the shot later, with a higher completion rate. The other is the optional Max lens component of GoPro HERO9 Black, which provides outstanding Max HyperSmooth super stability and Max SuperView super wide Angle, bringing more creativity to our shots.
With this Max optional component, the GoPro HERO9 Black can shoot 155-degree wide-angle video and Max HyperSmooth super stable with up to 2.7k60 frames. Horizontal locking ensures that your video remains horizontal or vertical while the camera is stationary, off-center, or rotated 360 degrees. It's worth noting that although this is an optional component, it still supports 16.4 feet water resistance when installed into HERO9 Black, but underwater use can cause image distortion and is not recommended.
In terms of stabbing-proof, I've always felt that the GoPro body is the best of all shooting devices, and the GoPro HERO9 Black still is. We tested it with walking and running scenarios, so you can get a feel for what it actually looks like.
While the results of the test showed the strength of the GoPro HERO9 Black shake control was obvious, the improvement was not so obvious compared to the GoPro 8. What's really noticeable is the horizon correction feature of the GoPro HERO9 Black, which was available on the phone in the previous generation and can be done on the phone in the current generation, but is limited by the cutout, so we can only turn it on from a linear perspective. Even if you tilt the camera when it's turned on, the picture remains horizontal, but at a limited angle. This feature is useful for some users, but I personally feel that in certain situations, the fact that the horizon is always horizontal takes away a little bit of the authenticity and the sense of substitution of the recorded image. Of course, we can choose not to turn this feature on.
In addition to these features, the GoPro HERO9 Black also has a number of new features, such as improved microphone sound quality, which we compared at the same distance and in the same position to significantly improve the sound of the GoPro 8 radio. What's more, GoPro HERO9 Black has added a pre-recording feature, which can be set for 15s or 30s, to record what goes in front of the flash door to prevent missing moments, a bit like the iPhone's Live Photos, which works pretty well in certain situations.
GoPro HERO9 Black has a timer feature, which is useful for shooting sunrise, starry night, etc. You just need to set the time in advance and it will start recording automatically, eliminating a lot of unnecessary waiting. But the problem is that we basically put it in the dark and automatically shoot it, and then we go to sleep, and when we come back, it's probably not that easy to find, because it's so small. In addition, we should also pay attention to the safety of the surrounding environment when using this function, do not be taken away by others, causing unnecessary losses.
We were also lucky enough to have a media option for GoPro HERO9 Black, which includes a gun microphone, a light fill, and a flip screen, giving users a lot more scope. The gun microphone, for example, has a powerful noise reduction capability, a 0.13inch microphone port, an HDMI output port, two cold boot mounts, and a rugged weatherproof design that makes it easy to shoot outside. With the screen component, the GoPro HERO9 Black has three screens in a blink of an eye, overshadowing small front screens and incomplete displays that I can take selfies on with sharp, bright screens that are visible even in daylight.
While the convenience of the lighting component can be imagined, in dark light environment can bring better shooting effect, after all, for the camera, the importance of light is self-evident. It also supports 3 levels of brightness adjustment, can adapt to different light environment, even female users who want to keep themselves pretty the whole time, can take a satisfactory selfie under the supplementary light. For a long time, I felt a little strange when GoPro was integrated into the Vlog circle because of its powerful motion properties and the screen that couldn't be flipped. Until these modules were added, it seemed to me that it had really changed from a core motion camera to a device that focused on recording everyday life without losing any of its strong motion attributes. Perhaps this is the benefit of modularity.
Write in the last
Overall, the update of GoPro HERO9 Black has been a sincere one, with a real sense of commitment compared to previous slow updates. The increase in volume has both advantages and disadvantages, but in general, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. As the pioneer of motion cameras, GoPro is currently facing various challenges from insta360 and other manufacturers. There is still a long way to go for GoPro to make its products more attractive, but we have already seen its changes in this generation of products.
Return to life, when we use a variety of equipment to record life, maybe we have a lot of choice, many people use smart phones can meet the requirements, but for GoPro HERO9 Black this kind of professional equipment, it can give life more color, when we lift it want to record the wonderful sight arises, its fine stabilization ability and powerful component will let us see the world in another perspective.
Life is meant to be that way, but GoPro HERO9 Black makes it last.
Tags: GoPro HERO9 Black
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We hope your summer is going well. Pardon us for the incredible amount of time between news updates. So far we've done our 4th annual comedy night, featured some brand new music, and interviewed a few up and coming sensations in the world of indie music. That's not going to stop. In the next few months, we'll continue to bring you interviews and music from new artists like Flatfoot 56, the celtic punk group from Chicago and Micah P Hinson out of Abilene, who has become somewhat of a music sensation in Europe and abroad. We're also going to try and explore some new genres of music that our chef and host D Grant had never heard of before. It should be a learning experience for everyone.
Tune in Saturday nights at 8PM on 89.7 KACU in Abilene or surf over to www.kacu.org and hear it online.


NOvember is national Asbestos Awareness Month. In the lead-up to Asbestos Awareness Day (Friday 25 NOvember) all Australians especially homeowners, renovators tradies and handymen need to learn how to protect themselves and families from exposure to dangerous asbestos fibres.
Many wrongly believe ONLY fibro homes contain asbestos. Asbestos products can most likely be found in ANY Australian home built or renovated before 1987, even brick, weatherboard, fibro and clad homes: in garages, kitchens, bathrooms, laundries, walls, eaves, fences and under wall and floor coverings: it could be anywhere!
Don't play renovation roulette! For more details visit asbestosawarenss.com.au. It's not worth the risk!
Asbestos In Your Home: The Ultimate Renovator's Guide from Insight Communications Australia on Vimeo.
Does your pool fencing measure up?


Certified Auto Repair isn't a shop name, a chain of stores or even a franchise. Certified Auto Repair embodies a standard of quality held by a nationwide network of the most respected auto repair facilities in the industry. Our members are asked to join based on reputation, integrity, qualifications and expertise. Certified Auto Repair members will not only take care of all your vehicle needs, but do it with professionalism and a level of customer satisfaction second to none.
Your Roadside Assistance Benefit is provided to you for free by the automotive service facility that p erformed the service to your vehicle and is identified on your invoice. Your Roadside As sistance Benefit begins on the date identified on y our original invoice from the participating facility and continues for a period o f 12 months. This benefit is available only to you , the original purchaser as identified on the original invoice and is not transferable. Cover age is strictly limited to the specific customer an d vehicle identified on the original invoice. You must purchase a minimum of $25 of services to be eligible for roadside assistance – these services and dollar amounts must be listed on your invoice. Roadside service i s available in the United States and Canada.
If you are in need of roadside assistance you must call 800-457-0019 to be connected with the nationwide service provid er. You must pay directly for the requested service . The service provider requires use of a credit car d to arrange for dispatch. You will be reimbursed for covered services up to a maximum of $75.00 per occurrence. You are limited to a maximum of 2 claims per qualified 12- month period.


Need a picture of just how hopeless and empty society really is? Just glance over 2 Timothy 3. Within the first thirteen verses, I find three undeniable descriptions of our world: difficult, depraved, and deceived.
The first verse refers to our times as "difficult." One version renders the word perilous (KJV). Another translates it terrible (NIV). The Greek root word means "grievous, harsh, fierce, savage." It is used only one other time in the New Testament. In Matthew 8:28, it appears when the writer describes two men with demons as being "extremely violent." What an apt description of our world! Savage, harsh, violent. If you question that, if you need proof that that is no exaggeration, check this morning's news on the Web or listen to the evening news. Both will convince you our "village" is in desperate straits.
Further in the passage, we read of two men from the days of Moses as representatives of people in these "difficult" times. "Depraved" is the word to describe them (2 Timothy 3:8). It means humanity is as bad off spiritually as it can possibly be. Dead toward God. Unmoved by anything spiritual. Hard-hearted and dark within. Depravity is a universal disease in society. And we are reaping what we have sowed.
Now let's look at the third descriptive term. It will not surprise you to read these words: "But evil men and impostors will proceed from bad to worse, deceiving and being deceived" (3:13). The last word is the one to notice: "deceived."
Remember yesterday's post, titled "Keeper of the Spring," and the necessity to keep the village spring clean? Today's "village" is a place where impostors flourish. Rip-off experts flood every profession. Religious charlatans are here as well. Many politicians speak smoothly from both sides of their mouths. No one can deny the phony-baloney facade of ads and fads. And Scripture is right; society proceeds "from bad to worse." Remove "the spring" of life from the village—take away the salt and the light—and within a brief time, "the village" becomes a diseased cesspool of contamination.
Technically, there can be only one "keeper of the spring": Jesus Christ, the Lord. But we, His servants, His representative ambassadors, have been commissioned to carry on until His return. We, His servants, are assigned to the task. But how can the job be done? We'll talk about that in the posts to come.


text:
Truncus arteriosus
Arterial disease
Prinzmetal angina
Coronary steal syndrome
Subclavian steal syndrome
Aneurysms
Hypertensive emergency
Cushing syndrome
Conn syndrome
Abetalipoproteinemia
Hypertriglyceridemia
Lymphangioma
Vascular tumors
Human herpesvirus 8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
Angiosarcomas
Congenital heart defects
Transposition of the great vessels
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Cardiac arrhythmias
Premature atrial contraction
Atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT)
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Premature ventricular contraction
Long QT syndrome and Torsade de pointes
Ventricular fibrillation
Bundle branch block
Pulseless electrical activity
Valvular disorders
Tricuspid valve disease
Pulmonary valve disease
Mitral valve disease
Cardiomyopathies
Cardiac infections
Pericardial disorders
Pericarditis and pericardial effusion
Dressler syndrome
Cardiac tumors
Cardiovascular system pathology review
Acyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Cyanotic congenital heart defects: Pathology review
Atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis: Pathology review
Coronary artery disease: Pathology review
Peripheral artery disease: Pathology review
Valvular heart disease: Pathology review
Cardiomyopathies: Pathology review
Heart failure: Pathology review
Supraventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Ventricular arrhythmias: Pathology review
Heart blocks: Pathology review
Aortic dissections and aneurysms: Pathology review
Pericardial disease: Pathology review
Endocarditis: Pathology review
Hypertension: Pathology review
Shock: Pathology review
Vasculitis: Pathology review
Cardiac and vascular tumors: Pathology review
Dyslipidemias: Pathology review
5 flashcards
A mother brings her 3-week old infant to the pediatrician's office because he was not back to birth weight at the baby's initial visit or 2-week weight check, and she is concerned he is not feeding well. His temperature is 36.6°C (98°F), pulse is 120/min (normal is 100-160), respirations are 60/min (normal is 30-50), and blood pressure is 90/50 mmHg (normal is 75-100/50-70). Physical exam shows the infant is tachypnic, diaphoretic, and lethargic. He also has a cleft palate. Based on this information, which of the following is the most likely cause of this patient's presentation?
Truncus arteriosus exam links
Tanner Marshall, MS
The truncus arteriosus is a big structure that's present during fetal development; later in development, it divides to form two separate arteries: the aorta and pulmonary artery. Once it's fully developed, the aorta comes from the left ventricle, and the pulmonary artery comes from the right ventricle.
A persistent truncus arteriosus describes when this developmental structure doesn't divide into the two separate arteries. Instead, the baby's left with one giant artery that branches off from both the right and the left ventricles that then splits off into the aorta and the pulmonary artery. Sometimes, this condition is simply referred to as truncus arteriosus, or TA. The cause of TA is unknown; however, a lot of cases seem to be associated with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, also known as DiGeorge Syndrome.
Let's switch to a more simplified view of the heart. All right, so usually deoxygenated blood comes in from the body and travels to the right atrium; then, it goes to the right ventricle and is pumped through the pulmonary artery to the lungs to be re-oxygenated. Next, freshly oxygenated blood passes from the lungs to the left atrium, goes to the left ventricle, and gets pumped through the aorta to the body. Then that circuit repeats, right?
If these two great arteries, the aorta and the pulmonary artery, don't divide, you essentially have this massive artery coming from both ventricles. However, notice that this one big artery does eventually split into the aorta and pulmonary artery. Even though they eventually split off, before they do, it's just one single vessel; thus, the oxygenated and deoxygenated blood mix. When deoxygenated blood mixes into the systemic circulation, it'll often present as cyanosis, a bluish-purple discoloration of the skin, which can be seen in a baby within the first days after birth.


We share with you that the Galapagos National Park has issued a document, informing the community about the research projects that are being carried out to determine the diversity, abundance and ethology of sharks in the bays of the Ports and tourist anchorage areas.
The purpose of this research is to avoid risky encounters between sharks and tourists.
One of the sites with the highest frequency of interaction between sharks and tourists has been the Santa Fe Bay, for this reason, monitoring has intensified on the site and the frequent presence of sharks of several species has been identified. Due to this situation, the Directorate of the Galapagos National Park has taken the decision to temporarily suspend surface diving or snorkeling in the Bay of Santa Fe.
This Institution will provide information about the progress of the research project and at the appropriate time the reopening of the site to carry out diving and snorkeling activities will be announced.


This condition means there's extra fluid in your lungs, which makes it hard to breathe. It's usually caused by heart problems. If the heart is ill or damaged, it cannot pump out enough of the blood it gets from the lungs. When that happens, pressure in the heart builds up and pushes fluid into the lungs' air sacs, where it doesn't belong. Breathing problems may happen over time, or they may come all of a sudden.


One of the most important qualities for a supplement manufacturer is their reputation. Originally Posted by kawatz I actually don't really want to take anything internally either Prima magazine gets bonus points for the sheer breadth of things it considers exercise-they suggest trying darts. While it is possible that these ingredients can help to improve the health of the skin over time, only the CLA in this formula has been shown in any level oenobiol diet pills clinical study to be able to promote the reduction of body weight. What I have tested, why, for how long, and prices I found — the results:. Here are a few key factors to look for that can all but guarantee oenobiol diet pills product is genuine: 1.
I've always been interested in the juggernaut that is the diet industry, but I never thought I'd find so much of it in France. One month of vacation! I dare to dream! This return to real life translates into a lot of ads and articles about losing weight. Much of it is aimed at oenobiiol, but no one gets to escape it. President Sarkozy has lost around 15 pounds-supposedly living on cottage oenobiol diet pills, fish, and mineral water-since marrying Carla Bruni and a Times of London article today says that he has asked would-be cabinet members to diet if they really want the job.
I should take a moment here to admit that I am something of a oenobiol diet pills veteran. I grew up in a household where both of my parents experimented heavily with fad diets and the family obsession with weight loss extended down to me-I was signed up for Weight Watchers by third grade and sent to fat camp by fifth. I think I turned out okay, though; these days I like oenbiol think I have a fairly healthy relationship to food and my oenobiol diet pills written a oenobiol diet pills about body image and pop culture-though a guilty pleasure is my piols to Shape magazine.
In my mind, French women eat Camembert and Nutella and still look cute in leather leggings. In Mireille Guiliano's bestselling French Women Don't Get Fatshe claims that French women don't exercise that much, eat three-course meals, and don't, you know, get fat, which was apparently groundbreaking enough information to make oenobiol diet pills a bestseller.
American women, on the other hand, are told to put down the pints of Chubby Hubby and learn to be oenobiol diet pills little more French. But French women might not be as zen about their weight as I had thought. According to a study that came out last spring, France has a low ideal weight and that "by far the highest proportion of clinically underweight women in Europe, but only half of them think they are too thin. It promises happiness if we could just have enough willpower to overrun oenobiol diet pills genetic destinies and white-knuckle our way to a "goal weight.
It's a false promise, and one that I feel frustrated to see sold abroad. I'm not looking for tips on how the French lose weight but rather how their weight loss industry is different from-and if it's as oenobiol diet pills as-our own. So I spent the last few days reading piles of French women's magazines, talking to French girlfriends, and visiting pharmacies and dieticians in the name of greater cultural understanding.
Although it seems like there's an L. Fitness or Curves on every other corner of almost every midsize American city, in France gyms are considered a luxury and are way more expensive than at home in the Pillx. And besides, working up a sweat is considered a little suspect here, as anyone who has gotten stared onobiol while jogging down Parisian sidewalks will tell you. Grazia magazine even recently ran a story on how exercise will make you gain weight.
Exercise is something you do because you like the way it makes you feel, which is how it should be, right? Prima magazine gets bonus points for the sheer breadth oenobiol diet pills things it considers exercise-they suggest trying darts. Water We all know by now that oenobiol diet pills supposed to drink eight ounces of water a day, but in France, there's a popular brand of water called Contrex marketed towards women for losing weight.
It comes in a curvy, hourglass shaped bottle hmm, just what is that supposed to resemble? It has more calcium and magnesium than tap water but the real allure for women, as Jude explains to me, is that it's supposed to make you pee more frequently, therefore losing water weight. Contrex's parent company is Nestle and it's proved so popular that Coca Cola has introduced its own version to the market.
There osnobiol of course no such thing as water that will magically make anyone lose weight. It will, however, magically make oenoibol lose a lot of money: the recommended program includes drinking a couple of bottles a day. Pills Just as at home, Alli is advertised in every magazine and pharmacy here. Here's what I think about diet pills: Gross, gross, and gross.
But in France, diet pills - particularly the Oenobiol line - appear to be ubiquitous, far more oenobiol diet pills than at home, stacked in the windows of pharmacies or talked about in magazine articles.
TopSlim contains only 1 single ingredient: Garcinia Cambogia, which is the only weight loss ingredient that has EVER been fully tested in clinical studies over. French Women Do Get Fat: Food, Fitness & Fad Diets. But in France, diet pills - particularly the Oenobiol line - appear to French Women Do Get Fat: Food. May 16, · Oenobiol Woman 45 + Flat Belly Overview. The Oenobiol Woman 45 + Flat Belly product is a weight loss supplement. This is a product that was mainly.


text:
Editorial: Cost too high for a helmet law repeal
Supporters of repealing Tennessee's mandatory helmet law for motorcyclists can deride it as a "nanny state" all they want. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, the state's helmet mandate saved Tennesseans $111...
Editorial: Cost too high for a helmet law repeal Supporters of repealing Tennessee's mandatory helmet law for motorcyclists can deride it as a "nanny state" all they want. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, the state's helmet mandate saved Tennesseans $111... Check out this story on commercialappeal.com: https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/opinion/editorials/2016/02/21/editorial-cost-too-high-for-a-helmet-law-repeal/90446058/
The Commercial Appeal Published 9:05 p.m. CT Feb. 21, 2016
Supporters of repealing Tennessee's mandatory helmet law for motorcyclists can deride it as a "nanny state" all they want. According to the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration, the state's helmet mandate saved Tennesseans $111 million in a single year.
If the question, as expected, comes up for a vote this week, the state House Finance Committee will be doing us all a big favor if it resists the appeal by an adamant group of bikers who want to ride with the wind in their hair. Tennessee is one of 19 states that require all motorcycle riders to wear a helmet. The legislation up for a possible advance to the House floor would allow anyone on a motorcycle to choose not to wear a helmet if they are over 21 and have health or medical insurance other than TennCare.
According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, with passage of the measure Tennessee would become one of 29 states with only partial bans in place. At least 35 more people would die annually, in the estimation of Col. Tracy Trott, who heads the Tennessee Highway Patrol.
And the costs of riding without a helmet go well beyond those encountered by the rider alone, according to Dr. David Reagan, chief medical officer at the state Health Department.
Reagan told the finance committee last week that helmet usage reduces deaths in motorcycle accidents by 37 percent, head injuries by 69 percent and traumatic brain injuries by 36 percent.
Many victims who don't die at the scene linger in intensive care units for long periods of time before they succumb to their injuries, Reagan noted.
"The overwhelming evidence is that insurance does not come close to covering the cost to medical facilities, to society and to the individuals themselves," he said. "The insurance is not nearly enough to cover the cost of disability — or death."
One by one, in studies published by the National Trauma Data Bank, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and others, arguments for repealing the ban have been shot down conclusively.
A 2012 Government Accountability Office report found that riding without a helmet doesn't lower the risk of an accident. It found that motorcyclists are 30 times more likely to die in a crash than occupants of a passenger vehicle.
A nationwide study for 1975-2004 found that universal helmet laws were associated with at least a 22 percent reduction of motorcycle fatalities. A 48-state study covering 1988-2005 found a 27 percent reduction.
Easily measurable costs from motorcycle accidents in 2010 totaled $16 billion, three-quarters of which was borne by society, the GAO study found, because of the severity of the injuries compared to other motor vehicle crashes.
Leading the list of costs associated with motorcycle accidents was productivity, at 44 percent, followed by medical costs, at 18 percent, the loss of household productivity, at 14 percent, and legal costs, at 9 percent.
A 2010 study in Florida found that 51 percent of the hospitalization costs and emergency room treatment after motorcycle accidents were not covered by commercial insurance.
So far, Tennessee has considered the big picture on the question of motorcycle safety. The legislature should continue to politely say no to the advocates of bareheaded biking and maintain its clearheaded approach.
Read or Share this story: https://www.commercialappeal.com/story/opinion/editorials/2016/02/21/editorial-cost-too-high-for-a-helmet-law-repeal/90446058/


At Interstate Bait, we are always looking for motivated, fun, outgoing Brand Ambassadors who embrace an outdoor, seed-eating lifestyle, and are fans of our products. If you love our flavored sunflower seeds, come join our team of Brand Ambassadors to spread the word! We are looking for 5-10 individuals in each of our glorious 50 states. Interstate Bait's Brand Ambassadors are the face of the brand at various field marketing events including participation festivals, farmer's markets, trade-shows, and in-store sampling demos. Prior experience in marketing/communication or brand ambassador programs is strongly preferred, but not required. We are looking for people that love our products, and are not afraid to share! If you are game, or just wonder what the heck we are trying to do here, please fill out the form below or reach out to sales@interstatebait.com via email.
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