How Does My Company Become a Vendor?
What Are the Advantages of Using VirtualRewards365.com?
Can I Make Purchases on This Site?
How do I Qualify to Use Virtualrewards365.com?
What's the Virtualrewards365.com Personal Shopper Program?
Virtualrewards365.com is specifically designed for businesses and organizations seeking branded products, digital media, and gift cards in bulk for any business purpose other than for retail. It is absolutely not for individual purchases of any kind.
Virtualrewards365.com is based on Universal Rewards Exchange, a system for managing highly customized points- and plateau-based rewards and recognition programs. Since these same products are available for bulk purchase for qualified programs, ET decided to launch a version for bulk business buyers. We are particularly grateful to Canon Special Markets, Bulova, Nike, and Harco, whose early support made this site possible.
By keyword. Just type what you are looking for in the search box.
Brand. Click on the Brand tab adjacent to the search box and add the desired brands from the drop-down box to your list. Click on the X to remove a brand if you change your mind prior to searching.
Category. Click on the adjacent Category tab and add the categories to your list in the same manner. Click on the X to remove a category prior to searching.
Price Range. Click on the Price Range tab and add the price ranges to your list. Click on the X to remove a brand prior to searching.
Brand, category, price range at the same time: Just leave all of your search selections up until hitting Go.
Your search results will group your results by search criteria. You will find a link to a sales contact on each product profile to contact for pricing information and other details.
Coming soon: The ability to register, save your products for specific programs or clients, and print out selections for presentation.
Virtualrewards365.com is designed for bulk purchases at wholesale too complicated to be handled by an e-commerce site, given the considerations related to shipping, discounts, business rules, credit, and other issues involved. While the products you see displayed are almost always in stock because of live inventory feeds, the system does not know if all of the vendors have enough on hand to meet your particular needs, nor do the companies know who you are to validate your ability to buy from them at wholesale.
Each product you select has a contact name for the individual at each wholesaler or manufacturer who can answer your questions and confirm that the products will be used for business purposes according to each supplier's business rules.
If you prefer, you can use the Virtualrewards365.com Personal Shopper program. For a small, transparent fee agreed upon in advance, a Virtualrewards365.com expert will shop the system for the best possible price and service levels based on your needs without any commission or hidden rebates.
Either way, with Virtualrewards365.com, qualified buyers get the best possible prices because they buy direct.
If your company sells merchandise, gift cards or digital media for use in rewards, recognition, loyalty, and other engagement programs, you can have a storefront to display your products and services. There are over 65 vendors in the system, many of them generating annual trackable sales of six figures or more. For information, contact Jim Kilmetis at jim@universalrewardsxchange.com; 631-462-6773.
Selection—over 2 million products, gift cards and digital media offerings.
Direct access to wholesale inventory available now.
Ability to reach the premier suppliers who understand your needs.
Complete transparency—no hidden commissions or markups.
No. Virtualrewards365.com is designed for purchasers of products in bulk who are usually making transactions in the thousands of dollars or more and have multiple issues related to pricing, delivery, specifications, etc. that cannot be managed by a web site. On every product there is Contact Vendor link that takes you to the contact information page for that vendor. Virtualrewards365.com is designed to put qualified buyers in touch with the expert companies that have the products they are seeking and who can provide the inventory, pricing and expertise available to qualified businesses.
The vendors are the leading manufacturers, wholesalers, and other brands active in the incentive, rewards, recognition, and loyalty business that provide wholesale prices, drop-shipping and customization services to businesses and not-for-profit organizations. The pricing you will see is retail, so you will have to contact the suppliers to get actual pricing. But almost all of the items on the site are available now in inventory because VirtualRewards365.com draws from the inventory feeds of over 65 vendors and growing whose products are used in ongoing programs.
Coming soon: Premium memberships will be available to qualified company that will show approved wholesaler pricing along with the ability to save items to particular programs and print out presentation documents.
The suppliers you contact will require that you be a buyer of rewards, recognition, gifts or other related products for a business or not-for-profit organization, buying in bulk as part of a bona fide gift, reward, recognition, loyalty, fund-raising, or related application. When contacting vendors, you will be asked which company you represent and may be asked to provide a web address or other means of verification before completion of a purchase, as each vendor has its own rules about the type of company it will do business with through its corporate sales department.
This service is specifically for companies that need help with a thorough search but which don't want to pay a commission for the support. Based on your needs, the Virtualrewards365.com personal shopper, for a small, pre-agreed upon fee, will shop the system to find specifically the products you need, when you need them, at the lowest possible price paid directly to the vendors you select. Virtualrewards365.com receives no commissions or hidden rebates. Contact jim@universalrewardsxchange.com for more information.


text:
Why this picture is causing outrage
Picture causes outrage. Picture: Indianathegirl/Instagram
by Ally Foster
7th Sep 2018 9:06 AM
AN Instagram model has caused outrage by posing topless next to a memorial dedicated to WWI heroes.
Indiana, real name is Lauren Henson, wears just shorts and trainers in the saucy social media snap.
The 31-year-old clutches her boobs in front of a stone tablet bearing the names of fallen soldiers in a London church.
Her latest snap has more than 700 likes on Instagram, but she has also been criticised for disrespecting their legacy.
Those names behind me, those boys died fighting for our freedom. I live in the free world they created and here I am, embracing my body and being free. Take me back 100 years, stand me in front of those soldiers, what would they think? What would they say? What would they do? I think I look good in front of that wall. I haven't done it to upset anyone and I don't think it's a particularly offensive image, in fact anyone who checks my social platforms will have seen it before... Of course I'm not trying to disrespect the fallen. If I've offended anyone then it was not my intention.
A post shared by I N D I A N A (@indianathegirl) on Sep 5, 2018 at 8:39am PDT
One wrote: "It just shows you have no respect for the people who gave their lives for this country."
"It's a shame you had to do it in front of a memorial to the people who died trying to protect this country. It shows zero class and respect."
Another said: "Not sure back drop is appropriate - sorry."
Indiana, an aspiring pop star from Loughborough, defended her actions.
She said: "Pretty sure those boys that gave their lives for this country would enjoy a casual bit of sideboob."
She later explained in a lengthy Instagram post that she was embracing the freedom "those boys died fighting for".
People called the picture "disrespectful". Picture: Indianathegirl/Instagram
She took a number of shots posing in front of the memorial. Picture: Indianathegirl/Instagram
-Read more.
Comedian slammed over 'offensive' party
editors picks first world war instagram model
Best of Bundaberg: Nominate the Best Cafe now
Lifestyle Who makes the best coffee or breakfast in Bundaberg? Nominations are now open to...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
You can get a player for ninety nine bucks.
HomeAlbumsYou can get a player for ninety nine bucks.
ArtLifestyleMusic
Check out Wednesday's article in the "Wall Street Journal": "Dreaming Of a Blu Christmas" (behind a pay wall, unfortunately, but you might find it via Google, Rupert Murdoch is so concerned with making bucks that he doesn't see he's heading straight towards irrelevancy).
It looked like Blu-ray was gonna fail. Because it was just too expensive and the Internet was going to deliver movies.
But just like the public refrained from buying CD players at first, waiting for digital audio tape to break through, people now realize Net delivery of movies is years off, and the disc may survive.
Actually, it's way more complicated than that. Many people are popping for $150 Blu-ray players, because of their Internet capabilities. Yup, you can get Netflix via your Blu-ray player. But not everything.
You see the movie companies are crippling Internet delivery the same way the record companies crippled DAT. It's just a finger in the dike, but rather than debate the flick fold, let's look at the music possibilities.
There's no longer a reason to buy a conventional DVD player. Blu-ray population is going to grow exponentially. Now that laser prices have dropped, which is why Blu-ray player prices have taken a dive, it's only a matter of time until Blu-ray enters the computer field. Soon it'll be de rigueur to get a laptop with Blu-ray built in.
Is the music business gonna fuck this up one more time?
I can't get over the Tom Petty Blu-ray disc, the one in his new live compilation. It sounds ASTOUNDINGLY good. Truly equivalent to the master tapes. Do you think people wouldn't want to hear the master tapes of their favorite albums?
That was the promise of CD. But it was a joke.
But now we've got a second bite at the apple.
Forget multi-channel. It failed twice. It's too complicated and people don't need it. Just go stereo, in Blu-ray.
Of course, it's gonna start slow. Just like CDs and Internet delivery of music. But it could grow.
Assuming the prices are cheap.
Yup, ten bucks for a Blu-ray disc.
Blu-ray player sales only took off when decks dropped from their $999 price upon introduction three and a half years ago to the dirt cheap prices of today.
Do I think discs are the future?
But how much is it really going to cost to enter this market. If the labels can play with vinyl, they can do this.
Forget Jimmy Iovine trying to sell files in some newfangled way via Best Buy.
We want the highest quality today.
This is how you bring back sound. How you get people to invest in good speakers. You get closer to the music.
I was listening to "Tangled Up In Blue" on my iPod today. And I thought how I had an SACD at home. But I don't have an SACD player, almost no one does. But I've got a Blu-ray player, it's in the PS3. And when prices drop just a bit more, I can install a Blu-ray drive in my Mac Pro. And listen to the true master tapes via my Aux speakers.
I can't wait.
By star-admin
You Matter to Me- In the news
More Spoiler Alert
Hurt Gorillaz
You Matter To Me

Art Design Lifestyle Music Photography
Instagram @ StarPointe
Copyright @ StarPointe | Made with ❤ in CA by 310inc.com


Attention, only small number of this special special item available.
Prior to the order, the exact purpose of the substrate should be clarified, so that the appropriate accessories can be recommended in the correct quantity. Whether screed, plaster, PVC or other surfaces, there are various adhesives, jointing compounds and surface treatment for our cork mosaics.
Please ask for large quantities separately.
A detailed installation guide with all individual steps and drying times is available on request.
Depending on which accessories are used, there are different working steps and drying times. In any case, please observe the processing instructions of the respective manufacturer.
Please inform us before placing your order and payment on which substrate you want to lay and which material is exposed.


Song as the college students are playing by the pool, bouncing on the trampoline, watersliding, gambling, skating and body painting.
The song that plays on Bartlebys clap-on disco ball.
First song in end credits.


Nat Commun. 2018 Nov 15.
Perforin inhibition protects from lethal endothelial damage during fulminant viral hepatitis.
CD8 T cells protect the liver against viral infection, but can also cause severe liver damage that may even lead to organ failure. Given the lack of mechanistic insights and specific treatment options in patients with acute fulminant hepatitis, we develop a mouse model reflecting a severe acute virus-induced CD8 T cell-mediated hepatitis. Here we show that antigen-specific CD8 T cells induce liver damage in a perforin-dependent manner, yet liver failure is not caused by effector responses targeting virus-infected hepatocytes alone. Additionally, CD8 T cell mediated elimination of cross-presenting liver sinusoidal endothelial cells causes endothelial damage that leads to a dramatically impaired sinusoidal perfusion and indirectly to hepatocyte death. With the identification of perforin-mediated killing as a critical pathophysiologic mechanism of liver failure and the protective function of a new class of perforin inhibitor, our study opens new potential therapeutic angles for fulminant viral hepatitis.


From chocolate to water-jetting equipment, if you sell, an e-commerce website could be right for you.
Are you looking to sell online? Having an online shop can open up a whole new market of customers who might never have found you elsewhere.
The team at ISSL use Magento, an industry leading product from the owners of ebay, to allow us to create the websites that our clients want. Using the Magento platform and our great design skills will help you to stand out from the crowd.
We help you set up your products the way you want - from adding custom information to videos to nutritional information, so that the website works for you.
The site would of course be responsive (i.e. work on smartphones and tablets) ensuring that customers can access the site and buy from you easily regardless of the device they are using.
Not forgetting the all important search engine optimisation (SEO), we include the basic SEO on the pages that we create and will show you how to use the system going forward. You will be in complete control of your data and the site will grow with you as your business grows.


A method includes comparing a scanning interferometry signal obtained for a location of a test object to each of multiple model signals corresponding to different model parameters for modeling the test object, wherein for each model signal the comparing comprises calculating a correlation function between the scanning interferometry signal and the model signal to identify a surface-height offset between the scanning interferometry signal and the model signal and, based on the identified surface-height offset, calculating a height-offset compensated merit value indicative of a similarity between the scanning interferometry signal and the model signal for a common surface height. The method further includes, based on the respective merit values for the different model signals, determining a test object parameter at the location of the test object.
FR2959305B1 (en) * 2010-04-26 2014-09-05 Nanotec Solution An optical device and method of inspection objects structures.


The property listing with MLS# A10422442 at 23988 2398 114th Court SW #23988, Homestead, FL 33032 is no longer eligible for IDX display. It may be under contract or no longer available on the market. Use the links below to search for homes for sale in the area.
View homes for sale in Homestead.


text:
package org.ibase4j.service.impl;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.RandomUtils;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger;
import org.ibase4j.model.SendMsg;
import org.ibase4j.model.SysMsg;
import org.ibase4j.model.SysMsgConfig;
import org.ibase4j.service.SendMsgService;
import org.ibase4j.service.SysMsgConfigService;
import org.ibase4j.service.SysMsgService;
import org.ibase4j.service.SysParamService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

import org.apache.dubbo.config.annotation.Service;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.aliyuncs.DefaultAcsClient;
import com.aliyuncs.IAcsClient;
import com.aliyuncs.dysmsapi.model.v20170525.SendSmsRequest;
import com.aliyuncs.dysmsapi.model.v20170525.SendSmsResponse;
import com.aliyuncs.dyvmsapi.model.v20170525.SingleCallByTtsRequest;
import com.aliyuncs.dyvmsapi.model.v20170525.SingleCallByTtsResponse;
import com.aliyuncs.http.MethodType;
import com.aliyuncs.profile.DefaultProfile;
import com.aliyuncs.profile.IClientProfile;

import top.ibase4j.core.Constants.MsgChkType;
import top.ibase4j.core.support.generator.Sequence;
import top.ibase4j.core.util.CacheUtil;
import top.ibase4j.core.util.DateUtil;
import top.ibase4j.core.util.InstanceUtil;

/**
 * 发送短信服务
 *
 * @author ShenHuaJie
 * @since 2017年3月16日 下午2:38:44
 */
@Service(interfaceClass = SendMsgService.class)
public class SendMsgServiceImpl implements SendMsgService {
    protected Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(getClass());
    @Autowired
    private SysParamService paramService;
    @Autowired
    private SysMsgService msgService;
    @Autowired
    private SysMsgConfigService msgConfigService;

    @Override
    public void sendMsg(SendMsg sendMsg) {
        try {
            Map<String, Object> params = InstanceUtil.newHashMap();
            List<SysMsgConfig> configList = msgConfigService.queryList(params);
            if (configList.isEmpty()) {
                throw new RuntimeException("缺少短信平台配置.");
            }
            SysMsgConfig config = configList.get(0);

            String type = "SMS_TYPE_" + sendMsg.getBizType();
            String templateCode = paramService.getValue(type);
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(templateCode)) {
                throw new RuntimeException("不支持的短信类型:" + sendMsg.getBizType());
            }
            String sender = StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(sendMsg.getSender(), config.getSenderName());

            setParams(sendMsg);

            // 设置超时时间-可自行调整
            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "10000");
            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "10000");
            // 初始化ascClient,暂时不支持多region
            IClientProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile("cn-hangzhou", config.getSmsPlatAccount(),
                config.getSmsPlatPassword());
            DefaultProfile.addEndpoint("cn-hangzhou", "Dysmsapi", config.getSmsPlatUrl());
            IAcsClient acsClient = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);

            // 组装请求对象
            SendSmsRequest request = new SendSmsRequest();
            // 使用post提交
            request.setMethod(MethodType.POST);
            // 必填:待发送手机号。支持以逗号分隔的形式进行批量调用,批量上限为1000个手机号码,批量调用相对于单条调用及时性稍有延迟,验证码类型的短信推荐使用单条调用的方式
            request.setPhoneNumbers(sendMsg.getPhone());
            // 必填:短信签名-可在短信控制台中找到
            request.setSignName(sender);
            // 必填:短信模板-可在短信控制台中找到
            request.setTemplateCode(templateCode);
            // 可选:模板中的变量替换JSON串,如模板内容为"亲爱的${name},您的验证码为${code}"时,此处的值为
            // 友情提示:如果JSON中需要带换行符,请参照标准的JSON协议对换行符的要求,比如短信内容中包含\r\n的情况在JSON中需要表示成\\r\\n,否则会导致JSON在服务端解析失败
            request.setTemplateParam(sendMsg.getParams());
            // 可选-上行短信扩展码(扩展码字段控制在7位或以下,无特殊需求用户请忽略此字段)
            // request.setSmsUpExtendCode("90997");
            // 请求失败这里会抛ClientException异常
            SendSmsResponse response = acsClient.getAcsResponse(request);
            logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(response));
            SysMsg record = new SysMsg();
            if (response.getCode() != null) {
                record.setBizId(response.getRequestId());
                if (response.getCode().equals("OK")) {
                    // 请求成功
                    record.setSendState("1");
                } else {
                    record.setSendState("0");
                    response.setMessage(paramService.getValue(response.getCode(), response.getMessage()));
                }
            } else {
                record.setBizId(Sequence.uuid());
                record.setSendState("0");
            }
            record.setType(paramService.getName(type));
            record.setPhone(sendMsg.getPhone());
            record.setContent(sendMsg.getParams());
            msgService.update(record);

            if ("0".equals(record.getSendState())) {
                throw new RuntimeException(response.getCode() + response.getMessage());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void sendTts(SendMsg sendMsg) {
        try {
            Map<String, Object> params = InstanceUtil.newHashMap();
            List<SysMsgConfig> configList = msgConfigService.queryList(params);
            if (configList.isEmpty()) {
                throw new RuntimeException("缺少短信平台配置.");
            }
            SysMsgConfig config = configList.get(0);

            String type = "TTS_TYPE_" + sendMsg.getBizType();
            String templateCode = paramService.getValue(type);
            if (StringUtils.isBlank(templateCode)) {
                throw new RuntimeException("不支持的短信类型:" + sendMsg.getBizType());
            }

            setParams(sendMsg);

            // 设置超时时间-可自行调整
            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "10000");
            System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "10000");
            // 初始化ascClient,暂时不支持多region
            IClientProfile profile = DefaultProfile.getProfile("cn-hangzhou", config.getSmsPlatAccount(),
                config.getSmsPlatPassword());
            DefaultProfile.addEndpoint("cn-hangzhou", "Dyvmsapi", "dyvmsapi.aliyuncs.com");
            IAcsClient acsClient = new DefaultAcsClient(profile);

            // 组装请求对象
            SingleCallByTtsRequest request = new SingleCallByTtsRequest();
            // 必填-被叫显号,可在语音控制台中找到所购买的显号
            request.setCalledShowNumber(paramService.getValue("TTS_CALL_NUMBER"));
            // 必填-被叫号码
            request.setCalledNumber(sendMsg.getPhone());
            // 必填-Tts模板ID
            request.setTtsCode(templateCode);
            // 可选-当模板中存在变量时需要设置此值
            request.setTtsParam(sendMsg.getParams());
            // 请求失败这里会抛ClientException异常
            SingleCallByTtsResponse response = acsClient.getAcsResponse(request);
            logger.info(JSON.toJSONString(response));
            SysMsg record = new SysMsg();
            if (response.getCode() != null) {
                record.setBizId(response.getRequestId());
                if (response.getCode().equals("OK")) {
                    // 请求成功
                    record.setSendState("1");
                } else {
                    record.setSendState("0");
                }
            } else {
                record.setBizId(Sequence.uuid());
                record.setSendState("0");
            }
            record.setType(paramService.getName(type));
            record.setPhone(sendMsg.getPhone());
            record.setContent(sendMsg.getParams());
            msgService.update(record);

            if ("0".equals(record.getSendState())) {
                throw new RuntimeException(response.getMessage());
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /** 设置参数 */
    private void setParams(SendMsg sendMsg) {
        String cacheKey1, cacheKey2;
        switch (sendMsg.getBizType()) {
        case "1":// 用户注册验证码
            cacheKey2 = MsgChkType.REGISTER + sendMsg.getPhone();
            sendRandomCode(sendMsg, cacheKey2);
            break;
        case "2":// 登录确认验证码
            cacheKey1 = MsgChkType.LOGIN + DateUtil.getDate() + "_" + sendMsg.getPhone();
            cacheKey2 = MsgChkType.LOGIN + sendMsg.getPhone();
            String times = StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(paramService.getValue("LOGIN_DAILY_TIMES"), "3");
            String msg = StringUtils.defaultIfBlank(paramService.getValue("LOGIN_LIMIT_MSG"), "您今天登录的次数已达到最大限制。");
            CacheUtil.refreshTimes(cacheKey1, 60 * 60 * 24, Integer.parseInt(times), msg);
            sendRandomCode(sendMsg, cacheKey2);
            break;
        case "3":// 修改密码验证码
            cacheKey2 = MsgChkType.CHGPWD + sendMsg.getPhone();
            sendRandomCode(sendMsg, cacheKey2);
            break;
        case "4":// 身份验证验证码
            cacheKey2 = MsgChkType.VLDID + sendMsg.getPhone();
            sendRandomCode(sendMsg, cacheKey2);
            break;
        case "5":// 信息变更验证码
            cacheKey2 = MsgChkType.CHGINFO + sendMsg.getPhone();
            sendRandomCode(sendMsg, cacheKey2);
            break;
        case "6":// 活动确认验证码
            cacheKey2 = MsgChkType.AVTCMF + sendMsg.getPhone();
            sendRandomCode(sendMsg, cacheKey2);
            break;
        default:
            break;
        }
    }

    /** 发送验证码 */
    private void sendRandomCode(SendMsg sendMsg, String cacheKey) {
        Integer random = RandomUtils.nextInt(123456, 999999);
        Map<String, String> param = InstanceUtil.newHashMap();
        param.put("code", random.toString());
        if ("6".equals(sendMsg.getBizType())) {
            param.put("", sendMsg.getParams());
        }
        sendMsg.setParams(JSON.toJSONString(param));
        String seconds = paramService.getValue("AUTH-CODE-EXPIRATION-SMS" + sendMsg.getBizType(), "120");
        CacheUtil.getCache().set(cacheKey, random.toString(), Integer.valueOf(seconds));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


IQS Directory implements a thorough list of graphite tube manufacturers and suppliers in Ohio. Utilize our listing to examine and sort top graphite tube manufacturers with previews of ads and detailed descriptions of each product. Any graphite tube company can design, engineer, and manufacture graphite tubes to meet your companies specific qualifications. An easy connection to reach graphite tube companies through our fast request for quote form is provided on our website. The company information includes website links, company profile, locations, phone, product videos and product information. Customer reviews are available and product specific news articles. This source is right for you whether it's for a manufacturer of machined graphite, graphite plates, and graphite anodes.
GrafTech International is one of the world's leading manufacturers of carbon graphite and machined graphite products, including flexible graphite sheet, graphite heating elements, graphite powders and other graphite products. We serve a range of industries and markets. Call us for more information. Graphite Tubes in Ohio.
For almost 40 years, Graphite Sales has been providing unmachined graphite blocks, machined parts, powders, and other granular materials and graphite electrodes. We started the environmentally-friendly trend of reusing broken electrodes. We are committed to the earth and creative processes have enabled our company to expand and provide many graphite machining services for the steel and iron industry. Visit our website today to learn more! Graphite Tubes in Ohio.
Imerys Graphite & Carbon is a machined graphite provider. We are world leaders in customer-related solutions for graphite applications. Our highly qualified staff works hard to ensure top quality products and to provide customers with a strong partnership that provides a new level of committed service. Graphite Tubes in Ohio.
Innovating and manufacturing the highest quality graphite products since 1979, Ohio Carbon Blank guarantees customer satisfaction. Our machined graphite blanks come in various sizes and square, rectangular and round shapes—available from .001" up to full block sizes. No matter what the size and style, all of our products adhere to ISO 9001:2008 quality standards. For a complete list of available graphite materials and our other capabilities, contact Ohio Carbon Blank today! Graphite Tubes in Ohio.
Since 1971, Semco Carbon has been a leading supplier of custom carbon and graphite machining. Our graphite products include graphite rods, graphite tubes and graphite fixtures. We serve a range of industries with quality machined graphite and handle small-run jobs machined from raw blocks. Graphite Tubes in Ohio.
Turn to GraphiteStore.com for top of the line solutions at a very affordable rate. These top of the line solutions are highly reliable and we will work with you every step of the way. These are a number of advantages associated with our products and we have a long history of successful manufacturing. Please give us a call today to learn more! Graphite Tubes in Illinois.
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Graphite Products Corp. specializes in graphite machining, machined graphite parts, graphite heating elements and graphite machine work. We offer any shape and size — designed and built to your specs. The latest CNC machining equipment ensures a top-quality product. ISO 9001: 2000 Certified. Graphite Tubes in Michigan.
Graphite Manufacturer/Machining, High Temperature Purification and CVD Coatings capability. Global machining presence in support of Electronics/Semiconductor, Refractory, Mechanical, EDM, C/C, Insulation and Furnace Needs. Technical/Design Support for Customer specifications to optimize performance. Graphite Tubes in Michigan.
Mersen USA Greenville-MI Corp prides itself in its ranking as one of the top graphite machining operations in the nation specializing in graphite products and services. We have a broad range of experience in manufacturing quality graphite products such as tubes, rods, shafts, rotors, heating elements, mandrels and various fixtures. Graphite Tubes in Michigan.
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India captain Rohit Sharma admitted that the team's middle-order is still fluid and their objective will be to identify players for the number four and six slot during the Asia Cup. Rohit made it clear that the likes of Manish Pandey, Kedar Jadhav, Ambati Rayudu are fighting for the key middle-order slots. "Lot of spots are up for grabs like Nos 3, 4 and 6. All these guys (Kedar, Manish, Rayudu) are eyeing for those slots. We want to give chances to as many guys for this particular series. In this tournament, we need to seal the batting slot Nos 4 and 6," Rohit said in the pre-match press conference on Tuesday.


What can we do with a Shakespeare play? We can edit it; historicise it; interpret it; produce it; or adapt or appropriate it. This taxonomy gives us five types of practitioner. The scholarly editor; the literary historian; the critic; the producer; and the adaptor/appropriator. The fields overlap, of course, and each practitioner will borrow from the others. But they tend to think of what they're doing with Hamlet as distinct from what the others are doing: as individual, different, unique. Are they?


text:
package org.springframework.objenesis.instantiator.basic;

import org.springframework.objenesis.ObjenesisException;
import org.springframework.objenesis.instantiator.ObjectInstantiator;

/**
 * The instantiator that always throws an exception. Mainly used for tests
 *
 * @author Henri Tremblay
 */
public class FailingInstantiator<T> implements ObjectInstantiator<T> {

   public FailingInstantiator(Class<T> type) {
   }

   /**
    * @return Always throwing an exception
    */
   public T newInstance() {
      throw new ObjenesisException("Always failing");
   }
}


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Delegates: Ms. Giuseppina De Marco, Mr. Tommaso Murè
63. Ms. De Marco (Italy), speaking as a youth delegate, said that Italy had made progress on youth-related issues and the Sustainable Development Goals. Young Italians welcomed in particular the National Sustainable Development Strategy, which recognized young people as actors of change, and the Plan for Education on Sustainability, which marked the first attempt to include sustainable development in the national education curriculum. They also welcomed the transformation of the Italian civil service from national to universal, giving young Italians the opportunity to volunteer abroad and welcoming foreigners to serve in the country. On the international level, her Government had shown its firm commitment to youth empowerment by not only launching the United Nations Youth Delegate Programme but also donating $400,000 to the Office of the Secretary-General's Envoy on Youth and $100,000 to the Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect to raise awareness among young students of civic engagement as a tool to prevent mass atrocities.
64. Mr. Murè (Italy), speaking as a youth delegate, said that the two challenges that were of paramount importance for both Italian and global youth were youth unemployment and young people not in employment, education or training. In developed countries, data showed a rate of young people aged from 15 to 29 not in employment, education or training of around 25 per cent. To overlook such a portion of the youth population would be to dramatically reduce the ability of young people to bring about significant change. Education and civic engagement must be the [*10*] starting point in ensuring that the potential of the largest-ever generation of young people did not go to waste. In that regard, non-formal education could be a great tool. Youth delegates welcomed further work on the development of national comprehensive systems of recognition of non-formal and informal learning. They encouraged the Committee to give serious consideration to including young people not in employment, education or training in the draft resolution on youth to be presented at the current session.
UN Doc.: A/C.3/72/SR.1, 2 October 2017, p. 9-10, Youth Delegate Search: https://youthdelegatesearch.org/italy-2017/, doi: 10.17176/20221018-192612-0.
← Finland – 2017 → Israel – 2017


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European Chinese Kuoshu Membership from June 2014 to Include the Czech Republic
Expansion in Europe
The European Chinese Kuoshu Association (ECKA) is the Europe Sub-Association of the International Chinese Kuoshu Federation (ICKF). Since its inception, the ECKA has continued to expand its membership, in Europe, to now include the Czech Republic with Turkey's membership awaiting approval. The ECKA is also part of the European Joint Council for Traditional Martial Arts (Joint Council) working closely with the European Shuai Jiao Union (ESJU) to continue to promote the benefits of traditional Chinese martial arts and to continue to and develop policy and standards coaching in practice.
Other News and Events
The International Chinese Kuoshu Federation (ICKF) will host the Chinese Kuoshu World Championships in the city of Taipei in Taiwan in May 2015. The event will bring together the best martial artists from all over the world to compete on the famous Lei Tai and to participate in the famous fighting style Chinese Shuai-jiao, Tao Lu events.
The event will coincide with a meeting of the ICKF Executive Board, chaired by the ICKF President Ms Yang Mei-Jung.
More information to follow shortly.
Governance and Policy
The European Chinese Kuoshu Association (ECKA) is the Europe Sub-Association of the International Chinese Kuoshu Federation (ICKF); and is the offical govering body for Chinese Kuoshu, in Europe, under the auspices of the ICKF. The Executive Board are responsible for the achievement and delivery of the Aims and Objectives of the ECKA. The ECKA governing instrument is the Constitution of the ECKA, which is also supported by the Policy Statements.
The ECKA membership extends to all European States and Regions. The Terms and Conditions of Membership establish one representative for each European State or Regions. Associate membership is also available to organisations outside Europe by Joint Council agreement. Membership and Other Payments.
The ECKA organise International events and seminars within European States and Regions in association with the national Chinese Kuoshu Associations. The events are organised in accordance with the Rules and Regulations of the ICKF.
The ECKA maintain Register of Officials (Europe) who are qualified to referee and judge at interational events. The ECKA also maintain records of Official Results.
Under the Presidency of Master Antonio Langiano, the ECKA has significantly increased its membership over four years and currently has twenty one (21) members from European States and Regions.
Copyright © 2011 ICKF Europe Sub-Association


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Posted on April 4, 2019 by Times Gazette
'Don't Pass It Up, Pick It Up' at RFL
Annual cleanup days get lake area ready for summer fun
By Tim Colliver - tcolliver@aimmediamidwest.com
April 13 and 27 are designated trash pick-up days for the annual Don't Pass It Up, Pick It Up litter clean-up campaign at Rocky Fork State Park. This photo was taken Tuesday between the Highland County Airport and the park's main entrance on North Shore Drive.
Tim Colliver | The Times-Gazette
In what Lori Morris of the Rocky Fork Lake Community Alliance called the kick off event for everything that is done throughout the year, the annual "Don't Pass It Up, Pick It Up" litter cleanup campaign is coming up on a pair of Saturdays in the month of April.
"We're asking the community to come out and help two days in April, the 13th and the 27th," she said. "We'll meet at 8 a.m. at the camp store at the campground parking lot right off of North Shore Drive as you come in to the park."
The annual litter cleanup program at Rocky Fork Lake has been going on for 12-plus years, according to Paint Township Trustee Randy Mustard, and coincides with the observance of Earth Day on Monday, April 22.
"When we first start out, we'll do North Shore starting at SR 124 and move up toward Beechwood, North Beach and up to Hill Road," Mustard said. "We used to do this all four weekends in April, but this year we picked two since we've got the Trout Derby on the 6th, and, of course, Easter this year is on the 21st."
He said anyone can volunteer with the cleanup effort, emphasizing that a person doesn't have to be a resident of the Rocky Fork Lake area or even Highland County, but simply needs to show up with a mind to work on those particular Saturdays.
The faces of the volunteers range from the Highland County Probation Department's community service workers to Boy Scouts working on merit badges to high school seniors satisfying community involvement requirements for graduation.
Morris said that a few years ago a judge sentenced a young woman to pick up trash at Rocky Fork Lake and it surprised her at the amount of trash that littered the park and up and down North Shore Drive.
"We also have some local residents who have adopted sections of roadway and they go out on a weekly basis picking up trash," Morris said.
Like most state parks across the nation, the litter problem at Rocky Fork Lake has gotten worse over the years, with Mustard saying he would take his crew northbound on North Shore Drive with the intention of doing the southbound side the following weekend.
"It didn't even look like we've been there," he said. "And I'd really like to thank the Highland Holiday community since when we're all through, they accept all of our trash and let us use their dumpsters."
He said in recent years they have pulled used propane tanks and tires out of the water, in addition to every kind of trash imaginable such as plastic and glass bottles, household trash, aluminum cans and even syringes.
"We want people to know that we are doing the Don't Pass It Up, Pick It Up campaign again this year," Morris said. "And we need as many hands as we can get from all age groups, and lots of boots on the ground."
Potential volunteers can call 937-402-0075 can or email Angie Mustard at amustard8@gmail.com for information and to register. Morris advised all volunteers to bring a sack lunch and snacks, and plan on picking up trash at their own pace.
Reach Tim Colliver at 937-402-2571.
https://www.timesgazette.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/33/2019/04/web1_RFL-trash-1.jpgApril 13 and 27 are designated trash pick-up days for the annual Don't Pass It Up, Pick It Up litter clean-up campaign at Rocky Fork State Park. This photo was taken Tuesday between the Highland County Airport and the park's main entrance on North Shore Drive. Tim Colliver | The Times-Gazette
By Tim Colliver
tcolliver@aimmediamidwest.com
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: 'Don't Pass It Up, Pick It Up' at RFL. Here is a link to that story: https://www.timesgazette.com/news/36916/dont-pass-it-up-pick-it-up-at-rfl


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Two Greater Manchester charities receive funding from Equilibrium Foundation - Equilibrium
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Two Greater Manchester charities receive funding from Equilibrium Foundation
Posted on Jul 30, 2020 by Equilibrium
Equilibrium Financial Planning has announced that it has awarded grants to two vital Greater Manchester-based charities, as the third sector continues to struggle as a result of COVID-19.
N-Gage, which was founded by Christie Spurling MBE in 2006, is a charity which provides young people at risk of educational or social exclusion with opportunities and skills to achieve their full potential.
The charity works in partnership with local schools, Greater Manchester Police, Manchester City Council and a variety of other stakeholders. Its aim is to mitigate anti-social behaviour and educational exclusion, allowing young people to thrive.
N-Gage has recently opened a community café, which it operates in addition to its weekly youth sessions across the city region. Prior to the pandemic, it had been coordinating IT workshops with older people in the community, allowing the young people that it works with to spend time teaching IT and digital skills.
Nick Coleman, Head of Community and Engagement at N-Gage, said: "This grant will support us to launch our intergenerational IT project.
"Earlier this year, some older members of our community asked us if we could provide some basic IT support that will allow them shop online, book appointments, communicate with family members digitally and other basic functions such as Google searches.
"All of this was requested before COVID-19, and now this work is more important than ever. When we are able to work safely again from our centre, we will be able to quickly set up a group of young people who currently attend our sessions that, with youth workers' supervision, will be able to help the older generation fulfil their needs.
In Tameside, not-for-profit Cabasa CIC uses arts and creativity to allow people to develop new skills, bringing communities together and exploring diverse community traditions.
As a result of the pandemic, the organisation has been keen to roll out its initiatives in local care homes, as the impact of COVID-19 has been felt disproportionately by their staff and residents.
Emily Wood, artistic director at Cabasa CIC, said: "People in care homes are having almost all aspects of their lives affected by the pandemic – through increased deaths, worry and stress caused by fear of the virus, a surge in loneliness because of vastly reduced social contact, reduced staffing levels because of the need for staff to self-isolate, and the negative psychological impact of a lack of PPE.
"Equilibrium's generous donation will enable us to positively impact the lives of 30 residents of Tameside care homes and undertake a project with them which will see us create six large-scale, hand-painted Indian silk flags.
"The flags will be toured to the grounds of three care homes, creating a beautiful, powerful installation which will highlight the strength and resilience of our communities.
"We're so grateful to receive support from the Equilibrium Foundation. Together with local participants and volunteers we'll create beautiful art works which help residents to reconnect and feel more positive about the future."
If you're in the Greater Manchester, East Cheshire or Chester area and would like to apply for a grant, please click here.
Jan 04, 2021 by EquilibriumNews | About Equilibrium | Charity
£4bn AUM, £4m to charity and £40m turnover
Building on the success of a record year, managing partner Gaynor Rigby has outlined what the company's growth plans are – a set of targets which she terms BHAGs, or 'big, hairy, audacious goals'.
Nov 10, 2020 by EquilibriumNews | Charity
Equilibrium helps support local families with £500 charitable donation
Reuben's Retreat, whose mission it is to relieve the distress of families bereaved of their child or those who have a child with a complex or terminal illness, have been awarded £500 grant.
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Exposure of hairdressers to ortho- and meta-toluidine in hair dyes
Exposure assessment
Gabriella M Johansson1,
Bo A G Jönsson1,
Anna Axmon2,
Christian H Lindh2,
Marie-Louise Lind3,
Mats Gustavsson2,
Karin Broberg2,
Anders Boman3,
Birgitta Meding3,
Carola Lidén3,
Maria Albin1
1Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
2Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University and Regional Laboratories Region Skåne, Lund, Sweden
3Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
Correspondence to Gabriella Johansson, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, SUS Lund, Lund SE-221 85, Sweden; gabriella.johansson{at}med.lu.se
Background Carcinogenic aromatic amines derived from hair dyes have recently received new attention. One of these is ortho (o)-toluidine, which is classified as carcinogenic to humans.
Objectives To clarify exposure of hairdressers to potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines, including o-toluidine.
Methods We measured eight potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines in the blood of 295 hairdressers, 32 users of hair dyes and 60 controls. The study was restricted to female non-smokers. Lifestyle data were collected for all participants using self-administered questionnaires. Blood samples were taken for analysis of ortho-, meta (m)- and para (p)-toluidine; 2-, 3- and 4-ethylaniline, 2,3- and 3,4-dimethylaniline as haemoglobin adducts. The samples were analysed with gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.
Results Generally, adduct concentrations were in the range of 0–200 pg/g haemoglobin. A comparison of the adduct concentrations found in hairdressers, consumers and controls showed no statistically significant differences. However, for hairdressers, o- and m-toluidine concentrations increased significantly with the weekly number of hair waving (p=0.020) and permanent hair dyeing treatments (p=0.026), respectively. o-Toluidine and m-Toluidine concentrations also tended (p=0.076 and 0.080, respectively) to increase with the frequency of light-colour permanent hair dye treatments.
Conclusions Hairdressers who use light-colour permanent hair dyes, other permanent hair dyes and hair waving treatments seem to be exposed to o- and m-toluidine as indicated by associations with the number of treatments performed. Analyses of hair waving and hair dye products should be performed to identify the possible sources of exposure to o- and m-toluidine.
This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/
What this paper adds
Hairdressing work is classified as probably carcinogenic, based on an excess risk for bladder cancer. However, it is highly controversial if current work still entails exposure to carcinogens, or if this has been eliminated by restricting the use of several aromatic amines in hair dyes.
The large individual variation in products used, skin absorption and short biological half-lives have challenged classic occupational hygiene assessment of hairdressers' exposure to aromatic amines. However, determination of haemoglobin adducts in blood provides a long-term exposure estimate for all routes of exposure.
We found that hairdressers using permanent hair dye and hair waving products seem to be exposed to carcinogenic aromatic amines. Systematic screening of those products to identify the sources of exposure is indicated. Hairdressers should protect themselves from dermal uptake by using protective gloves, and perform work where gloves cannot easily be worn (like cutting the hair) before dyeing.
Based on an excess risk for urinary bladder cancer,1 hairdressing is classified as probably carcinogenic to humans (group 2A, IARC 2010).2 Hairdressers are believed to be exposed to bladder carcinogens from aromatic amines present in hair dyes. Similarly, personal use of permanent hair dyes (sometimes also referred to as oxidative hair dyes, semi-permanent hair dyes, intensive hair dyes, etc) has been reported to be associated with bladder cancer3 and also non-Hodgkin lymphoma (especially for use before 1980) and leukaemia.4 However, personal use of permanent hair dyes was assessed to be non-classifiable as a human cancer risk (group 3, IARC 2010).2 In the 1970s, 89% of commercial hair dye formulations contained aromatic amines, which were mutagenic according to the Ames test.5 This led to restrictions in the formulations, and the toxicological documentation for hundreds of hair dye substances and several reaction products has been assessed by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety and its predecessors.6
The risk for bladder cancer among hairdressers and consumers of hair dyes has been investigated in many studies.3 ,7–16 It has been claimed that this observed excess risk is caused by exposure that is not relevant to current hair dye products, since classified carcinogenic aromatic amines are now excluded.17 Toluidines, their isomers, salts and halogenated and sulfonated derivatives are prohibited in cosmetics in the EU.18 Nevertheless, studies that screened for the forbidden carcinogenic aromatic amines in commercial hair dye products found 4-aminobiphenyl at concentrations up to 12.8 ng/g in the USA19 and ortho (o)-toluidine in concentrations up to 1547 µg/g in Turkey.20 It is presently unclear if hairdressers and consumers are exposed to carcinogenic aromatic amines; this can, however, be monitored with haemoglobin (Hb) adducts.
The objective of this study was to monitor long-term exposure to one established carcinogen (o-toluidine) and seven suspected carcinogenic aromatic amines (meta (m)-, para (p)-toluidine, 2-, 3-, 4-ethylaniline (EA), 2,3- and 3,4-dimethylaniline (DMA)) as Hb adducts among hairdressers, consumers of hair dyes and controls. In addition, one commercial hair waving product was also analysed for o-, m- and p-toluidine.
Subjects and selection criteria
We designed this cross-sectional study primarily to examine associations with intensity of use of different hair products and Hb-adduct concentrations among the highest exposed group—that is, the hairdressers, and thus, this group was the largest in our study. Additionally, for comparison of the levels of adducts, two smaller groups—people with personal use of hair dye products and a group of controls—were included to establish the background levels. All subjects selected were women, 18–55 years of age, who had not used any tobacco product (including smokeless tobacco and occasional smoking) in the past 6 months. Smoking status was stated in the questionnaires for all subjects. To verify smoking status, cotinine (a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke) was measured in the urine of a subsample of 22% of the hairdressers. In total, 295 hairdressers, 32 consumers of hair dyes and 60 controls were recruited. The group-specific selection criteria for hairdressers were work as a hairdresser for at least 6 months, and for consumers regular treatment with permanent and/or semi-permanent hair dye (about every 8 weeks), while among the controls any use of hair dyes in the past year was an exclusion criterion.
Hairdressers were recruited during working hours by personal visits to hairdressing salons identified through telephone books in Lund (for the province of Scania) and Stockholm, Sweden. The study was explained, and hairdressers who fulfilled the criteria and agreed to participate were given questionnaires. An appointment for blood collection was also made. Hairdressers were asked to answer the questionnaire as it related to their work for the past 4 months. The hairdressers returned their questionnaires at the blood sampling appointment. Consumers and controls were staff recruited through advertisements in the local hospital areas and on the hospitals' intranets, and in Stockholm also on the university campus. Consumers and controls were seen at the outpatient clinics of the participating research units in Lund and Stockholm. Consumers were seen no later than 5 days after a hair dye treatment.
The subjects were recruited between 1 September 2008 and 1 June 2009. About half (146 subjects) of the study population was recruited from the province of Scania (in southern Sweden) and the remainder from the Stockholm area. For Scania, we specifically collected information on the inclusion process for the hairdressers (figure 1). This information was not available for the Stockholm area. The study was initiated after approval by the regional ethics committee at Lund University, and all study subjects in the province of Scania and Stockholm signed a written informed consent form.
Source population and successful inclusion of 146 hairdressers recruited from the province of Scania (southern Sweden). *Others: hairdressers who were occupied with work or on sick leave during the first visit to the salon were given an information paper about the study and our contact information. None of these hairdressers contacted the clinic and they could thus not be classified according to the selection criteria.
Questionnaire data and blood sampling
The self-administered questionnaire consisted of three parts: (1) employment as a hairdresser, (2) other jobs/hobbies besides hairdressing and (3) lifestyle. The hairdressers were given all three parts to answer, while consumers and controls were given parts 2 and 3. A question about ever-working as a hairdresser was included in the consumers' and controls' questionnaire.
Employment as hairdresser
This part of the questionnaire focused on potential exposure to aromatic amines from different occupational sources such as:
Treatments per week with light-colour permanent hair dye, all other permanent hair dye, intensive semi-permanent hair dye, semi-permanent hair dye, hair waving, bleaching and conditioning with pigment (0, 1–7, 8–14, >15 treatments/week).
Type of protective gloves used (vinyl/plastic, natural rubber latex, others or unknown to the hairdresser).
Frequencies for use of gloves during permanent/semi-permanent hair dyeing, highlighting and conditioning with pigment (never, sometimes or always; table 1).
Change of gloves (after each work task, after each customer, daily, once a month or less often).
Descriptive data for the hairdressers, consumers with personal hair dye use, and controls
Other jobs/hobbies besides hairdressing
To rule out interference from other sources of occupational exposure, the subjects were asked questions about former or recent work (in the past 6 months) in textile dyeing, fingernail construction, rubber manufacturing, and about hobbies such as textile dyeing.
In addition to occupational exposure, the hairdressers' exposure can be influenced by personal use of hair dyes. This parameter was included in the survey. Questions included personal use of permanent and/or semi-permanent hair dyes as well as passive smoking.
Choice of biomarkers and sample preparation of haemoglobin adducts
The selection of aromatic amines was based on former studies exploring exposure to these compounds.20 ,21 Aromatic amines were analysed as Hb adducts in blood. These reflect a long-term exposure since the lifespan of Hb is about 120 days. The eight adducts analysed in this study comprised three groups: o-, m- and p-toluidine; 2-, 3- and 4-EA; 2,3- and 3,4-DMA. o-Toluidine is classified as carcinogenic to humans (group 1, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC)),22 m-toluidine has been assessed as not classifiable as carcinogenic to humans owing to a lack of data (group A4, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH))23 and p-toluidine is classified as a confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans (group A3, ACGIH).23 2-EA is suspected of causing cancer (hazard class carcinogen 2, European Chemicals Agency-classification, labelling and packaging (ECHA-CLP)).24 3-, 4-EA and 2,3-, 3,4-DMA have no classification for cancer owing to the absence of data (ECHA-CLP).25
Blood was collected in two 8 mL heparinised tubes (BD Vacutainer) and separated into erythrocytes and plasma. The plasma was frozen at −20°C. The erythrocytes were washed three times with phosphate-buffered saline to remove unbound chemicals and stored in polypropylene tubes at −20°C until analysis. The method used was developed by Skipper and Stillwell.26 Some minor modifications of the protocol were made. Briefly, the samples were left to thaw for 30 min and then centrifuged for 20 min. The supernatant, consisting of Hb, was transferred to dialysis tubes (Sigma Aldrich). Dialysis was performed at 4°C for 3 days in ultrapure water, which was changed every day. Dialysed Hb (2 µL) was used to determine the concentration of Hb in the samples. For analysis of Hb adducts, 4 mL of dialysed Hb were transferred to 13 mL glass tubes and 100 pg of four internal standards (o-, m-, p-toluidine d9 and 4-EA d11) were added to all samples. The calibration curve ranged from 5 to 200 pg. The samples were hydrolysed with sodium hydroxide, shaken at room temperature for 3 h and then extracted with 8 mL of hexane and shaken. The procedure was repeated three times. The extracted hexane phase was transferred to glass tubes and sodium sulfate added to remove any excess water. After 2 h, the hexane phase was transferred to new tubes and 10 µL of trimethylamine, followed by 10 µL of pentafluoropropionic acid, was added in the derivatisation step. The samples were shaken with 3 mL of phosphate buffer. The phosphate phase was discarded and the hexane phase evaporated under a stream of nitrogen gas until almost dry. Aliquots of 100 µL of toluene were added and transferred to 2 mL dram vials.
A 2 µL aliquot of the solution was injected into a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry system (Varian 1200 L). The results obtained from the instrumental analysis were in picograms and recalculated as pg/g Hb.
The limit of detection (LOD) was determined for all compounds in pg/g Hb: o-toluidine (13.3), m-toluidine (16.6), p-toluidine (29.3), 2-EA (6.6), 3-EA (7.2), 4-EA (7.9), 2,3-DMA (4.2) and 3,4-DMA (17.9).
Analysis of a hair waving product
One common commercial hair waving product was randomly chosen for analysis of o-, m- and p-toluidine. The product consisted of three solutions: a perming lotion containing the hair waving ingredients ammonium thioglycolate and ammonium thiolactate; a fixative containing polyquaternium-7, which is a polyacrylamide; and a nourishing cream; all components contained several ingredients of unknown concentration in the product. The three solutions were analysed separately, and a mix of the perming lotion and fixative was also analysed. The concentrations obtained were expressed in nanograms/gram of the solution. The sample preparation was the same as for the Hb adducts except for the exclusion of dialysis and determination of Hb content. The calibration curve ranged from 0.5 to 20 ng.
To enable statistical analysis, samples below the LOD were assigned half the LOD value. The large fraction of concentrations below the LOD caused the data to be skewed. The use of non-parametric methods was thus considered the most appropriate. Differences in the median concentrations were tested with the Mann–Whitney U test. Since reference values are not available for the analysed compounds, hairdressers and consumers exceeding the 95th centile of the values for controls were classified as having high adduct concentrations.23 The fractions with high versus lower adduct concentrations in the three exposure groups were compared using binary logistic regression to estimate ORs with 95% CIs for having high adduct concentrations.
Further analyses included comparisons of the adduct concentrations within the hairdressers group based on questionnaire data. Increasing number of treatments per week, frequencies for use of gloves and change of gloves were compared with adduct concentrations using the Jonckheere–Terpestra test for trend. Categories with fewer than five cases were included in the adjacent category. Spearman's rank correlation test was used to test the correlation between adducts and treatments per week.
Descriptive data for the study population are provided in table 1. The median age differed somewhat between the exposure groups, with consumers being somewhat older (44 years) than hairdressers (38 years) and controls (35 years). The personal use of hair dyes was similar between hairdressers and consumers. Most hairdressers and consumers had ever used both permanent and semi-permanent hair dyes. The majority in both groups used permanent hair dye regularly. Most hairdressers worked full-time (74%). An overview of the Hb-adduct concentrations for hairdressers, consumers and controls, respectively, is presented in table 2.
Concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb) adducts among hairdressers, consumers and controls
Overall, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups. Among consumers, as reflected in the ORs (range OR=1.27–1.97 compared with controls), the fraction with high concentrations was somewhat larger than among controls for each adduct; however, the few observations above the LOD are reflected in imprecise point estimates.
Comparisons within the group were performed for hairdressers. Frequencies (number/week) of treatments performed with light-colour permanent hair dye, other permanent hair dye, intensive semi-permanent hair dye, semi-permanent hair dye, hair waving, bleaching and conditioning with pigment per week were compared with adduct concentrations (table 3).
Frequencies of performed treatments in comparison with haemoglobin (Hb) adduct concentrations among hairdressers
o-Toluidine and m-toluidine Hb-adduct concentrations increased with the number of treatments per week of light-colour permanent hair dye; however, this was not statistically significant. The m-toluidine concentrations increased significantly with the other permanent hair dye treatments performed (p=0.026). For o-toluidine, a significant difference was found for hairdressers performing hair waving each week compared with those who did not, with higher concentrations found among those waving hair ≥1–7 times/week (p=0.020). Significantly lower exposure concentrations were found for 2,3-DMA (hair waving) and p-toluidine (conditioning with pigment) among hairdressers using the treatments ≥1–7 times/week compared with 0 treatments/week. No effects were found for shades, use of gloves, change of gloves and type of gloves used (p>0.05).
Hairdressers' and consumers' personal use of hair dye was analysed, but did not affect concentrations of the assessed Hb adducts (p>0.05). Neither did other jobs/hobbies (jobs in textile dyeing, fingernail construction, rubber manufacturing and hobbies such as textile dyeing) affect the Hb-adduct concentrations. A positive correlation was found between adduct concentrations of o- and m-toluidine (rs=0.29, p=0.004). No such correlations were seen for the other adducts. Positive correlations were seen for all treatments performed per week (data not shown).
Analysis of a commercial hair waving product
The perming lotion and nourishing cream did not contain any toluidines; however, the fixative and the mixed perming lotion+fixative contained o- and m-toluidines (table 4).
Concentrations (ng/g solution) of o-, m- and p-toluidine in one hair waving product
The concentration of o-toluidine was highest in the fixative (sample preparations 1 and 2 had 0.27 and 0.23 ng/g, respectively). When mixed half/half with perming lotion+fixative the concentration of o-toluidine decreased (sample preparations 1 and 2 had 0.17 and 0.12 ng/g, respectively). During hair waving, the whole bottle of fixative is used and the total exposure on the head amounts to 21.6 and 18 ng o-toluidine for samples 1 and 2, respectively.
m-Toluidine was also found in the fixative (sample preparation 1: 0.06 ng/g; preparation 2: 0.15 ng/g), and in the mixed fixative+perming lotion (0.01 and 0.02 ng/g, respectively). The total exposure to m-toluidine during one hair waving treatment corresponds to 1.0 and 1.4 ng m-toluidine for samples 1 and 2, respectively. p-Toluidine was not detected in any of the three parts of the product.
This first study of amine adducts in hairdressers and consumers identified an increase in o- and m-toluidine Hb-adduct concentrations among hairdressers, associated with the weekly number of hair dye and hair waving treatments performed. The latter was somewhat unexpected, but analysis of a common randomly chosen product confirmed the presence of both o- and m-toluidine. Hairdressers use a variety of different hair dye products and our results indicate that the sources for o-toluidine Hb adducts may be specific products of light-colour permanent hair dyes and hair waving. In a Turkish study, 54 commercial permanent hair dyes were analysed. The variation in o-toluidine concentrations in different products of the same shade were in some cases 100-fold for dark-yellow permanent hair dye and approximately 500-fold for black hair dyes. The same trend in variation was seen for m- and p-toluidine concentrations in permanent hair dyes. This indicates that there is a high variation between products and further supports our findings that high o-toluidine adduct concentrations may originate from specific products. This might explain why toluidine adducts differ between different treatments.20
It is not possible to estimate the exposure in the general population owing to lack of data for o-toluidine in air, drinking water and foodstuffs. In occupational settings, exposure to o-toluidine comes from manufacture of dyestuffs, production of synthetic rubber, pesticides and epoxy resin systems.27 A recent cohort study considered o-toluidine to be responsible for the increased bladder cancer incidence among workers at a chemical manufacturing plant.28 Hb adducts of toluidines in smokers versus non-smokers have been measured previously.29 ,30 The results showed that smokers have significantly higher o- and p-toluidine concentrations than non-smokers, but no significant differences were seen for m-toluidine. In comparison with our measured toluidine adduct concentrations, the adduct concentrations of non-smokers were about 10 times higher for o- and m-toluidine. Possible explanations for this might be differences in gender, age, residency and year of sampling. These studies show that toluidines also originate from sources other than tobacco smoke. To further verify our study population as non-smokers, cotinine, a metabolite of nicotine, was measured in the urine of a subsample of the hairdressers stratified according to o-toluidine adduct concentrations. The results showed that one of the hairdressers was a smoker; however, exclusion of this subject did not change the results.
The highest concentrations of adducts measured in this study, found in all three groups, were those of m-toluidine, with no significant differences between the groups. Dietary exposure to m-toluidine from herbicides31 may contribute to a background level in the population. However, the internal analyses within the hairdresser group also indicate a contribution from permanent hair dyes ('other', and possibly also 'light colour'). Surprisingly, p-toluidine concentrations decreased with increasing treatments of conditioning with pigment. No correlations between these and others treatments were seen. It might be a chance finding. However, as mentioned earlier, differences in p-toluidine concentrations between products, used for the same purpose, will introduce misclassification of exposure, which might bias the observed associations.
2-, 3-, 4-EA and 2,3-, 3,4-DMA were included in this study as results from an earlier study measured these adducts among patients with bladder cancer and controls, respectively. The authors stated that exposure to diverse aromatic amines is strongly associated with the risk of bladder cancer among non-smokers.21 However, adduct concentrations of these amines in our study were very low, and for all adducts, except 2,3-DMA, less than 50% had detectable levels. Probably, these amines originate from exposure sources other than hair dyes. Our findings suggest that this is the case also for 2,3-DMA since the median adduct concentrations were significantly lower in hairdressers than among controls and negatively associated with hair waving treatments. Also, a tendency towards lower levels was seen among the consumers. A study measuring both exposure to aromatic amines and product analysis for the same amines would strengthen the conclusions about hairdressers' exposure to carcinogenic aromatic amines, and is encouraged. We took into account personal use of hair dyes and other jobs/hobbies, but these did not influence the levels of o-, m- and p-toluidine and 2,3-DMA.
Methodological limitations
Hb adducts are the best method for monitoring long-term exposure to aromatic amines because the lifetime of Hb is about 4 months and because of the close relationship with DNA adducts.32 Unfortunately, the sample preparation of Hb adducts is time consuming and involves several steps, introducing possible sources of error. Genetic factors also affect the metabolism of aromatic amines and, consequently, the adduct levels.33
In our study, analysis of Hb adducts of 2-, 3-, 4-EA and 3,4-DMA showed low adduct concentrations and the medians coincided with LOD values, resulting in a loss of samples for statistical analysis. Probably, these amines come from exposure sources other than hair dyes.
We chose to include a large number of hairdressers in the study in order to study dose–response associations, which was successful, and a fairly high number of controls to reliably establish background levels in the population. We had expected a rather small number of consumers to be sufficient, but the many samples lost to statistical analysis owing to high LODs reduced our ability to reach a conclusion about exposure due to personal hair dye use. Exposure monitoring with Hb adducts among hairdressers is highly dependent on proper questionnaire data. Categorical data must have enough sensitivity to be able to detect differences between the categories. Our descriptive data indicate that use of treatments/week of light-colour permanent hair dyeing, other permanent hair dyeing, intensive semi-permanent hair dyeing, semi-permanent hair dyeing, hair waving, bleaching and conditioning with pigment should have been divided into several categories since most hairdressers performed the treatments 0 or 1–7 times/week.
In addition to exposure monitoring and questionnaire design, the selection of study subjects is crucial. We have no reason to believe that the non-participants —that is, women who were invited to the study but declined participation, differed substantially in their choice of products, use of treatments per week or safety precautions. Unfortunately, information on inclusion was only available for Scania. We have no reason to believe that there were any major differences in the inclusion process between Scania and Stockholm.
Apart from the potentially carcinogenic effects, a large proportion of hair dye substances are known to be very potent skin sensitisers. They cause contact allergy and hand eczema in hair dressers and eczema on head, face and neck in consumers. The permanent hair dye products on the market, light as well as dark shades, contain several hair dye substances, many of which are aromatic amines.34 ,35 Quantitative analysis of some skin-sensitising hair dye substances in professional hair dye products indicates that they contain largely the same substances, while the concentrations generally are lower in light shades36 ,37; however, analysis of the forbidden aromatic amines o-, m- and p-toluidine in commercial hair dyes shows an in-between product variation for both light and dark shades.20
We evaluated the exposure to eight selected potentially carcinogenic aromatic amines among hairdressers, consumers and controls, and found no overall significant difference between groups. However, adduct concentrations of o-toluidine among hairdressers significantly increased with the number of treatments per week of hair waving, as did the concentration of m-toluidine with the number of treatments per week of permanent hair dying. A trend for higher concentrations of o- and m-toluidine was seen with increased use of light-colour permanent hair dye per week. Analysis of a hair waving product also confirmed the presence of o-toluidine.
p-Toluidine adduct concentrations significantly decreased with the number of treatments per week of conditioning with pigment and hair waving. An in-between product variation of amine content may explain the different trends in adduct concentrations between the treatments.
Among consumers of hair dyes, high exposure concentrations to all adducts were found but the ORs were not significant, probably owing to the small sample size. The limits of detection coincided with the median concentrations for several of the analysed adducts; probably, these amines originate from other exposure sources.
Future studies should focus on finding exposure sources of o- and m-toluidine in products used by hairdressers. Additional exposure monitoring studies among hairdressers and consumers are also encouraged, and in relation to genetic damage.
We gratefully acknowledge the skilful assistance of Else-Marie Åkerberg, Eva Assarsson, Agneta Kristensen, Stina Johnsson and Eva Thunberg in the field work.
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. Alkylaniline-hemoglobin adducts and risk of non-smoking-related bladder cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2004;96:1425–31.
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. Bladder cancer incidence among workers exposed to o-toluidine, aniline and nitrobenzene at a rubber chemical manufacturing plant. Occup Environ Med 2014;71:175–82.
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. Hemoglobin adducts of aromatic amines: associations with smoking status and type of tobacco. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1988;86:9788–91.
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. Haemoglobin adducts from aromatic amines and tobacco-specific nitrosamines in pregnant smoking and non-smoking women. Biomarkers 1998;3:35–47.
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. Biological monitoring of phenmedipham: determination of m-toluidine in urine. Arch Toxicol 2001;75:145–9.
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. The use of 4-aminobiphenyl hemoglobin adducts and aromatic DNA adducts in lymphocytes of smokers as biomarkers of exposure. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 1998;7:571–7.
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. Monocyclic aromatic amines as potential human carcinogens: old is new again. Carcinogenesis 2010;31:50–8.
Yazar K,
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. Potent skin sensitizers in oxidative hair dye products on the Swedish market. Contact Dermatitis 2009;61:269–75.
. p-Phenylenediamine and other hair dye sensitizers in Spain. Contact Dermatitis 2012;66:27–32.
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. p-Phenylenediamine and other allergens in hair dye products in the United States: a consumer exposure study. Contact Dermatitis 2014;70:213–18.
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Contributors MA, BAGJ, CHL and KB designed the study. GMJ and M-LL were responsible for the field work. GMJ, MG, CHL and BAGJ developed the method. GMJ conducted the laboratory work. GMJ and MG evaluated the laboratory data. Statistical data was analysed by GMJ, AA and interpreted by GMJ, AA and MA. GMJ wrote the manuscript. MA, BAGJ, KB, CL, BM and AB made a critical revision of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
Funding The project was supported by grants from the Swedish Council for Working life and Social Research and by FAS-centre Metalund. (2008-0071).
Patient consent Obtained.
Ethics approval The study was approved by the regional ethics committee at Lund University.
Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 3.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/


Chris found a passion for wellness by helping people become more active when he worked at a renown sports medicine physical therapy rehab center, in Celebration (Orlando Area), Florida. He is a movement specialist with a far-reaching background, who has worked tirelessly to learn, grow, and become a very knowledgable Trainer. He has represented several fitness brands nationally, and certifies other trainers around the country to use all TRX Training tools, programming and foundational movement principles most effectively. He is the only TRX Master Trainer in all of Northeast Florida.
Chris has worked with some of the most notable names in sport, to your everyday couch potato hoping to just get in shape. He helps his clients move better and live more fulfilling lives, no matter their age, level or goal.
Kristy is no stranger to health & fitness. An elite athlete (gymnastics) from the age of 8, she carries an extensive list of accomplishments and awards, including her most recent title of Ms Fitness Universe. Kristy is originally from Australia and performed for Cirque Du Soleil in Orlando as a lead performer for 10 years. She became accredited as a specialist in a number of fields including Youth Fitness, Performance Enhancement, Fitness Nutrition and Pilates, and most recently as a Post Natal Fitness Specialist.
Nutrition, fitness, weight management, corrective exercise, sports performance, pre and postnatal fitness, and healthy living, for all ages and goals.
At first, fitness was just a hobby for Seth. He started out trying to fix his own imbalances and found that he really enjoyed helping people get out of their comfort zones to see their full potential. Helping someone learn a movement that can improve their quality of life and ease possible pain they could be having was always a plus for him. Seth likes that he gets to meet new people and engage in there lives in a positive way, and that people trust him to help get them to their goal safely and in a timely manner.
Seth works with athletes of all levels and geriatrics, and specializes in helping people improve their movement and balance to become more functional in their everyday life.


In Greek mythology, Ursa Major is Callisto, a princess-turned bear, who delivered a human baby boy. Her son, Arcas, is raised by the goddess Maia and becomes king. One day while hunting in the woods, Arcas came upon a bear. He did not know that this bear was his mother and as he threw the javelin that would kill her the god Zeus turned them both into the constellations Ursa Major and Ursa Minor to save them. They are both most visible in the Summer sky.


text:
Business building/
To stay or not to stay
Jessica Darnbrough Friday, 15 Mar 2013 4 minute read
While switching aggregators has its benefits, brokers must first ask themselves if the reward is worth the effort
There are a number of reasons why brokers switch aggregators, including financial factors such as commissions, timely payments and security of their trail book.
In addition, brokers can often feel as though they lack on-the-ground support from their aggregator, forcing them to look for greener pastures.
"Inefficient BDM relationships is another issue that can force many brokers to look around," PLAN's chief executive Trevor Scott says.
"When brokers don't receive the business support they think they deserve, they start wondering whether or not their aggregator has the capacity and the capability to grow with their business."
Mr Scott says other reasons brokers may look to switch include a lack of "buying power for value added services, punitive fixed-term contracts and an aggregator not being relevant to the current market, such as having outdated software and manual commission payments."
But while there are many reasons for brokers to switch aggregators, it is not a simple process. It is time consuming, confusing and often very tedious. Moreover, switching can prove very disruptive to a business.
As such, before any moves are made, brokers must seriously consider whether or not a move will benefit them, their business and their bottom line in the long run.
Choice's chief executive Stephen Moore says it is essential for brokers to look carefully at the "underlying financials of the provider" before making any decisions.
"Are you confident they can invest ongoing in staffing, technology and business support?" he asks.
"Also ask yourself: 'What is their track record to date? Do they have a financially viable business into the future?'
"It is always important to remember that a decision on choosing an aggregator is a decision on where you invest your most important business asset – your trail book."
Mr Moore says it is also important for brokers to consider what support they will receive from their new aggregation partner.
"Are they a true business partner or just out to make a quick buck from you?" he asks.
The aggregator a broker chooses needs to offer a meaningful and long lasting partnership that will ultimately help them grow and strengthen their business.
"Brokers should stress test [their] offering and look beyond the sales pitch," Mr Moore says.
"Don't be scared to ask for financials, and you should be sceptical if an organisation is not being transparent about them. It is vital your partner can prove that they will be able to make an investment in ongoing support and technological improvements.
"Most importantly, never forget the phrase 'you get what you pay for'." Before brokers "stress test" potential new aggregation partners, they must first determine whether or not switching is the right decision for them.
But how does a broker know whether or not the move is right for them?
Mr Moore says the only way a broker can truly determine whether or not switching aggregators is a sound business strategy is to create a list of pros and cons.
"It is easy for brokers to become complacent, so I encourage them to do their research and ensure that their current aggregator is meeting all of their needs," he says.
Identifying the pros
To identify the positives associated with switching aggregators, brokers must determine exactly what it is they want and need from their aggregation partner.
What kind of support do you expect from your aggregator? Do you want them to help you with recruitment? Do you want them to help with marketing? Do you want them to provide you with a highly evolved software platform that takes the hassle out of filling in loan applications?
Perhaps you want a specific commission split, or you want access to wide range of lenders to help you write more diversified business?
Once brokers have identified what they want from an aggregator, they should ask themselves whether or not their current partner is meeting all of those needs.
If a broker's aggregator is failing to meet their newly outlined needs, it is clear to see what the positives associated with switching aggregators are.
From there, it is a good idea for brokers to meet and chat with others who have recently switched aggregators. Through these discussions, brokers will be able to identify any negatives associated with switching.
Finsure's managing director, John Kolenda, says it is also important for brokers to review their current business contract when evaluating whether or not it is the right time for them to switch.
"Throughout my time in the industry I have come across a number of broker aggregator agreements that are quite complicated and can negatively impact a broker who decides to leave. As such, this should be taken into consideration before making the switch," he explains.
"That said, if you can clearly see that changing aggregators will help you and your business, then the reward is certainly worth the effort."
Jessica Darnbrough
Last Updated: 22 October 2015 Published: 15 March 2013
Written by Jessica Darnbrough
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