text:
Uncertainty Surrounds Use of OTC Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Patients With COVID-19
Jennifer Nessel, Assistant Editor
Authorities in France have warned that widely used OTC anti-inflammatory drugs may worsen the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, which prompted a prominent physician to say that more evidence is needed on the subject.
Olivier Véran, MD, France's health minister and a neurologist, said in a tweet on Saturday that anti-inflammatories may be a factor in aggravating the infection and, in the case of a fever, individuals should take paracetamol.1 "If you have taken an anti-inflammatory medicine [such as ibuprofen and cortisone or have doubts about your medication use,] consult with your health care provider," Véran wrote in the tweet.1
According to The Local France, the country recently tightened the sale of ibuprofen and paracetamol due to the potential dangers associated with the drugs, as these medications are currently only available with a prescription. The restriction affects nearly 36 different brands of paracetamol, including doliprane, Efferalgan, Dafalgan, and 46 kinds of ibuprofen, including Advil and Nurofen.2
In response to Véran's tweet, French media outlet Le Figaro, wrote that anti-inflammatories can aggravate existing infections, leading to complications.
"Inflammation is a normal response from body to infection and [is] an alert signal. By masking the response of the immune system, taking anti-inflammatories can not only impair the body's response but also hide the signs of how serious it can be. This can delay the diagnosis and therefore, treatment," wrote Soline Roy for Le Figaro.3-4
Roy wrote that the same risks are also observed with cortisone and patients who receive cortico-therapy should be aware of increased risks associated with infection. Anne Pierre Jonville Béra, a specialist at the center of pharmacovigilance in Tours, France, added, "animal testing has shown that taking ibuprofen encourages the growth of certain bacteria."3
Additionally, Ian Jones, professor and virologist at the University of Reading, told the Science Media Centre that the advice relates to ibuprofen's anti-inflammatory properties, in that it can potentially weaken the immune system and thereby slow down the recovery process.
"In addition, it is likely, based on the substantial literature around [severe acute respiratory syndrome I] (SARS I) and the similarities this new virus (SARS-CoV-2) has to SARS I, that the virus reduces a key enzyme which part-regulates the water and salt concentration in the blood and could be part of the pneumonia seen in extreme cases. Ibuprofen aggravates this while paracetamol does not. It is recommended that people use paracetamol to reduce temperature if you are feverish," Jones, told the Science Media Centre.5
According to CNN, Véran's recommendation came on the same day that the French government reported that "grave adverse effects" were linked to the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This family of medications has "been identified with patients affected by COVID-19, in potential or confirmed cases."6
However, Muge Cevik, MD, MSc, MRCP, a researcher at the University of St. Andrews Infection and Global Health Division, noted that there is no evidence of a link between NSAIDs and worse outcomes in patients with COVID-19.7 Cevik tweeted, "there's no scientific evidence I am aware of that ibuprofen [causes worse] outcomes in #COVID19."
Other experts suggested that Veran's advice is in line with France's general guidance on anti-inflammatory painkillers, such as ibuprofen, even if their specific connection to the coronavirus is not clear, according to CNN.6
"There is a good reason to avoid ibuprofen as it may exacerbate acute kidney injury brought on by any severe illness, including severe COVID-19 disease. There isn't yet any widely accepted additional reason to avoid it for COVID-19," Rupert Beale, a group leader in Cell Biology of Infection at the UK's Francis Crick Institute, said to the Science Media Centre.5
Experts agree that ibuprofen is generally prescribed with caution to older adults with underlying health conditions, a specific patient population at risk for COVID-19.
"Most deaths from COVID-19 have been among older people and those with underlying health conditions, such as cardiovascular disease. We already know that NSAIDs should be prescribed with caution for people who have underlying health conditions," Charlotte Warren-Gash, associate professor of Epidemiology at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, told Science Media Centre.5
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NHS) recommends prescribing the lowest dose of ibuprofen for the shortest duration to patients with underlying conditions to prevent adverse events, including cardiovascular or kidney problems. The NHS additionally advises using ibuprofen over paracetamol for inflammatory problems such as arthritis, but warns against taking it for long periods.6
"For COVID-19, research is needed into the effects of specific NSAIDs among people with different underlying health conditions, which takes into account the severity of infection," Warren-Gash told Science Media Centre.5 "In the meantime, for treating symptoms such as fever and sore throat, it seems sensible to stick to paracetamol as first choice."
Véran announced on Friday that the number of COVID-19 cases in the county had increased by 800 in 24 hours. There were 3661 confirmed cases that had led to 79 deaths at that time. Of those diagnosed with the disease, 154 people were in intensive care, however, the number of infected patients undergoing treatment is being consistently updated.8
In his daily briefing, Véran said that the evolution and spread of the virus was "rapid and real," but that 98% of those who had been tested positive with COVID-19 had recovered.8
Olivier Véran (@olivierveran). Twitter. Published March 14, 2020. https://twitter.com/olivierveran/status/1238776545398923264. Accessed March 16, 2020.
France tightens (further) rules on sale of paracetamol and ibuprofen. The Local France. Published January 13, 2020. https://www.thelocal.fr/20200113/france-could-tughed-rules-on-sales-of-paracetemol-and-ibuprofen. Accessed March 16, 2020.
Coronavirus: French health minister issues warning over anti-inflammatories. The Local France. Published March 14, 2020. https://www.thelocal.fr/20200314/coronavirus-french-health-minister-issues-warning-over-anti-flammatories. Accessed March 16, 2020.
Roy, Soline. Coronavirus: alerte sur l'ibuprofène et autres anti-inflammatoires. Le Figaro. Published March 14, 2020. https://www.lefigaro.fr/sciences/coronavirus-alerte-sur-l-ibuprofene-et-autres-anti-inflammatoires-20200314. Accessed March 16, 2020.
Expert reaction to reports that the French Health Minister recommended use of paracetamol for fever from COVID-19 rather than ibuprofen or cortisone. Science Media Center. Published March 16, 2020. https://www.sciencemediacentre.org/expert-reaction-to-reports-that-the-french-health-minister-recommended-use-of-paracetamol-for-fever-from-covid-19-rather-than-ibuprofen-or-cortisone/. Accessed March 16, 2020.
Picheta, Rob. France says ibuprofen may aggravate coronavirus. Experts say more evidence is needed. CNN Health. Published March 16, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2020/03/16/health/coronavirus-ibuprofen-french-health-minister-scn-intl-scli/index.html. Accessed March 16, 2020.
Dr. Muge Cevik (@mugecevik). Twitter. Published March 14, 2020. https://twitter.com/mugecevik/status/1238857584204972032. Accessed March 16, 2020.
Willsher, Kim. Anti-inflammatories may aggravate Covid-19, France advises. The Guardian website. Published March 14, 2020. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/14/anti-inflammatory-drugs-may-aggravate-coronavirus-infection. Accessed March 16, 2020.
French health officials have warned that widely used OTC anti-inflammatory drugs may worsen the novel coronavirus known as COVID-19, whereas others say more evidence is needed.
/news/uncertainty-surrounds-use-of-otc-anti-inflammatory-drugs-in-patients-with-covid-19


By Week 4, Day 5, write a (5–6 pages) paper addressing the sections below of the research proposal.
This week you will submit the Literature Review section of your proposal. Each week you have been adding to your growing body of evidence to support your problem and proposed innovation to address the problem. The review of literature is a critical, analytical summary and synthesis of the current knowledge of your research topic. Thus it should compare and relate different theories, findings, etc., rather than just summarize them individually.
Submit your assignment to the W4: Assignment 2 Dropbox by Week 4, Day 5.


INDIANAPOLIS, Ind. – Victor Oladipo made a triumphant return to the Pacers lineup, as Indiana rolled past division-leader Milwaukee at Bankers Life Fieldhouse, 113-97.
The All-Star, who missed the last eleven games with a sore knee that also put him out for eight games last season, was back in the starting five, and hit his first shot on the way to a 12-point, 10 rebound performance.
No doubt the team got a boost with their leader back on the floor, with six Pacers scoring in double figures led by Thaddeus Young's season high 25 points to go with his eleven rebounds. Young also held the Greek Freak, Giannis Antetokounmpo to a season low 12 points.
Indiana's lead reached 21, Milwaukee shaved it to eight, but Myles Turner, in a groove hit a late three pointer to put the game out of reach, Turner finished with 23 points. Indiana moves to 18-10 ahead of a Friday contest with the 76ers in Philadelphia.


FishEaters Traditional Catholic Forums - St. Mary's in Cashton: "Institute no longer needed"
FishEaters Traditional Catholic Forums > Church > Catholicism > St. Mary's in Cashton: "Institute no longer needed"
Full Version: St. Mary's in Cashton: "Institute no longer needed"
Wow. I hope this isn't bad news for those traddies. It's gonna be a rough ride.
According to the Remnant, "Father Klos has been the priest of the Novus Ordo parish (Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, St. Mary's Ridge, WI) which shares the church with the Latin Mass Apostolate for several years. We are told that he does not know how to say the Mass in the Extraordinary Form, and has not participated in any of the Latin Mass Apostolate functions thus far."
BTW, the image posted above is from St. Mary's in Cashton's website. It is currently on there, from the August 4th, 2013 bulletin for the three catholic churches in Cashton. I just took a screenshot of the relevant pages.
Horrible news, then. Those poor people. But not to pre-judge. Things might be okay for them!
On the whole, I'm not terribly surprised; I knew shortly after Pope Benedict resigned the liberals were going to start rolling back where they could.
Of course. Like I said above though, my only fear is that the institute and/or FSSP can be this easily ousted... my understanding was that their status as a pontifical right protected them somewhat after being invited. Of course, we do not know all the details, but it is slightly unnerving.
(08-05-2013, 03:44 PM)OzarkCatholic Wrote: [ -> ] Of course. Like I said above though, my only fear is that the institute and/or FSSP can be this easily ousted... my understanding was that their status as a pontifical right protected them somewhat after being invited. Of course, we do not know all the details, but it is slightly unnerving.
They are not exempt religious as in a religious order, so Canon Law handles them a bit differently to begin with. In addition, even if they were exempt religious, the Bishop still controls who has faculties in his diocese, and who operates a parish in his diocese. I have a hard time understanding why a Bishop who is probably dealing with a vocations shortage as there is everywhere else, would want to turn away help where it is freely given and things are going smoothly, but it is his prerogative to do so. Exempt religious could not be prevented from providing the sacraments in their own houses, but they could be restricted from offering them to the public should the Bishop decide to do so.
I'm rather concerned about it, too, to be honest. Not necessarily in the St. Louis area, which has a fairly large traditionalist footprint (ICRSS, SSPX, SSPV, multiple diocesan locations, etc). Archbishop Carlson doesn't have community activity that Auxiliary Bishop Hermann or Cardinal Burke did, but at least he's made the attempt to remain on good terms with us and give at least tacit support, considering many members of the Oratory have a guiding hand in many of the Archdiocese's most popular Apostolates.
I'm significantly more worried about other areas, however.
I am not sure this makes such a difference from diocesan issues. By that I mean that all over North America they are closing churches and merging parishes, so this does not surprise me, nor is it necessarily distressing. If the Institute has people that want them to continue, such people can pay what is necessary to keep the community going. In the end, there must be a balance between religious institutes and actual people. This is different from the example of monasteries, which are self-sustaining, and I think trads should be thinking perhaps more in such terms. Trads need to be self-sustaining, not dependent on anything diocesan except the usual permissions. The Institute does a great deal of good and I have no fear for them as a result. Sterility will continue sterile, and fruitfulness will survive and eventually thrive.


text:
CP+ 2019
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition for Galaxy S6 Smartphone: World-first Fully Immersive Virtual Reality Storytelling "David Attenborough's First Life" Experience at Natural History Museum, London from 19 June 2015: No Cost for Only Museum Entrance
by photoxels
The following video presents Journey Back to the Ancient Ocean With Samsung Gear VR:
Natural History Museum, Atlantic Productions and Samsung collaborate for a world-first virtual reality storytelling experience.
Virtual reality will showcase some of the Earth's earliest inhabitants at the Natural History Museum in London, England, from the 19 June 2015. David Attenborough's First Life is a new fully immersive experience bringing natural history to life with cinematic virtual reality (VR) technology by Samsung.
There is FREE Admission to the Museum.
This special event requires paid tickets.
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) virtual reality headset for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone: black screen cover
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) : Attachment mechanism for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone
The experience uses Samsung's latest wearable technology, the Gear VR Innovator Edition virtual reality headsets powered by the Galaxy S6 smartphone.
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone (white)
Simply attach your Galaxy S6 into the headset.
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone (gold)
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone (white).
Immerse yourself in stunning virtual worlds with a 96-degree viewing angle.
This innovative virtual reality headset launches you into an immersive world that features a 360-degrees surround cinema-like viewing experience. Enjoy more lifelike, vivid images thanks to the Galaxy S6's higher resolution and greater pixel density.
Powered by Oculus technology.
Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone (white): Easy Control Touchpad
A deeper touchpad with an embossed centre offers you user-friendly controls for an easier interactive experience.
For more info about Samsung Gear VR Innovator Edition (white) for Samsung Galaxy S6 smartphone, please visit:
http://www.samsung.com/uk/consumer/mobile-devices/wearables/gear/SM-R321NZWABTU for the UK & Ireland,
http://www.samsung.com/us/mobile/wearable-tech/SM-R321NZWAXAR for the U.S.A., or
http://www.samsung.com/ca/consumer/mobile-devices/wearables/gear/SM-R321NZWAXAC for Canada.
Journey Back to the Ancient Ocean With Samsung Gear VR
Natural History Museum, Atlantic Productions and Samsung collaborate for a world-first virtual reality storytelling experience
Virtual reality will showcase some of the Earth's earliest inhabitants at the Natural History Museum in London from the 19 June. David Attenborough's First Life is a new fully immersive experience bringing natural history to life with cinematic virtual reality technology by Samsung.
Created in partnership with Atlantic Productions and its virtual reality studio Alchemy VR, David Attenborough's First Life reveals the dawn of life on Earth from 540 million years ago.
Based on the latest Museum research, long-extinct animals such as the whimsically-built Opabinia, the fearsome-looking Anomalocaris and the spiny, worm-like Hallucigenia will be brought vividly alive in a fully immersive encounter.
During the 15-minute experience, visitors dive through ancient seas with narration by Sir David Attenborough. The experience uses Samsung's latest wearable technology, the Gear VR Innovator Edition virtual reality headsets powered by the Galaxy S6 smartphone.
Sir Michael Dixon, Director of the Natural History Museum, says: "We're always looking for new ways to challenge the way people think about the natural world – its past, present and future. We know virtual reality technology can transport us to impossible places. This is a compelling example of how technology can revolutionise how we experience museums."
Anthony Geffen, CEO of Atlantic Productions, said: "David Attenborough's First Life VR experience is a landmark moment for virtual reality storytelling, where the world's most celebrated naturalist is able to guide audiences through an ancient ocean. We are delighted to be pioneering this technology in partnership with Samsung and the Natural History Museum."
Andy Griffiths, President of Samsung Electronics UK & Ireland, said:"This exciting new experience is a great example of how the Natural History Museum is at the forefront of innovation and we are proud to support this with our latest product innovations, the Samsung Galaxy S6 and the Gear VR. At Samsung we believe technology is essential in enhancing digital learning, which is why we're delighted to be working with the Natural History Museum on this project, helping people to discover the natural world like never before."
The following video presents David Attenborough's First Life | Natural History Museum:
Watch the trailer for David Attenborough's First Life
Hear from Sir David and the team behind this new virtual reality experience, and catch a glimpse of some of Earth's earliest animals….
Sir David Attenborough's First Life virtual reality experience arrives at the Museum this June, taking you on a 3D journey to meet some of the Earth's earliest inhabitants.
Find out more and book tickets here: http://bit.ly/NHM-First-Life-YT
andy griffiths anthony geffen samsung samsung gear vr samsung gear vr innovator edition samsung gear vr innovator edition for galaxy s6 sir david attenborough sir michael dixon virtual reality
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
+"Railroads "+" Dining-car service"
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Menus
Warshaw, Isadore, 1900-1969 Search this
2.8 Cubic feet (consisting of 6 boxes , 1 folder, 4 oversize folders, plus digital images of some collection material. )
A New York bookseller, Warshaw assembled this collection over nearly fifty years. The Warshaw Collection of Business Americana: Accounting and Bookkeeping forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Subseries 1.1: Subject Categories. The Subject Categories subseries is divided into 470 subject categories based on those created by Mr. Warshaw. These subject categories include topical subjects, types or forms of material, people, organizations, historical events, and other categories. An overview to the entire Warshaw collection is available here: Warshaw Collection of Business Americana
Menus consists of approximately 700 menus from restaurants, principally within the United States. The material dates from 1852 to 1963, with the bulk of the material from 1880s to the 1920s. Most menus are from dining establishments and includes day-to-day fare and pricing, plus some special menus. Some are standard issued menus, others are souvenir menus. Prix fixe and a la carte menus are both present. A number of the menus are from railway and shipboard travel. Special event menus often contain additional details or listings of persons honored or attending, with some including background information. Menus are predominantly paper, but a few examples are printed on textiles or wood and a couple are leather bound. Menus may have decorative covers; some are embossed, hand-painted or decorated with ribbon or gilt. There are a few menus printed on satin ribbon. Menus from ships, railroads and the Christmas menus from the United States Hotel in Boston, Massachusetts offer good examples of decorative covers.
The collection is arranged into six subseries.
Blank Menus
Events and Celebrations
In Transit, Travel-Based
Named Honoree
Forms part of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana.
Series 1: Business Ephemera
Series 2: Other Collection Divisions
Series 3: Isadore Warshaw Personal Papers
Series 4: Photographic Reference Material
Menus is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.
Collection is open for research. Some items may be restricted due to fragile condition.
Dining Search this
Food Search this
Dining cars Search this
Dinners and dining Search this
Railroads -- Dining-car service Search this
Diners -- United States Search this
Restaurants Search this
Menus -- 20th century
Menus -- 1940-1950
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Menus, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
Funding for partial processing of the collection was supported by a grant from the Smithsonian Institution's Collections Care and Preservation Fund (CCPF).
NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Menus
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8fadca543-954b-4c50-bf22-48217845b974
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-menus
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Tours
3.68 Cubic feet (consisting of 8 boxes, 1 folder, 3 oversize folders.)
Commercial correspondence
Business ephemera
Advertising fliers
Advertising mail
Advertising cards
Printed ephemera
Australia -- Description and Travel
Austria -- description and travel
Spain -- description and travel
Scotland -- description and travel
Colorado -- description and travel
Ireland -- description and travel
England -- description and travel
Europe -- description and travel -- 1910-1950
China -- Description and Travel
Mexico -- description and travel
Europe -- description and travel
Canada -- Description and Travel
United States -- description and travel
Tours consists of business records and advertisements created by tourism companies and rail lines, travel guides to varied countries and geographic areas, and other select items such as travel advice, resources on hotels and resorts, and travel-related events or lectures.
No expansive business documentation exists for any company represented within the records. The strength of the collection lies in its breadth of information about other countries, states, or geographic locations provided for the purposes of informing travelers. While no substantial material concerning the history and development of the tourism industry exists within the collection, this subject category provides substantial resources for researchers interested in sorts of information that was made available to tourists, types of travel and tours available, and background about resources and perceptions of promoted vacation destinations over a long time period.
Tours is arranged in three subseries.
Business Records and Marketing Material
Tours is a portion of the Business Ephemera Series of the Warshaw Collection of Business Americana, Accession AC0060 purchased from Isadore Warshaw in 1967. Warshaw continued to accumulate similar material until his death, which was donated in 1971 by his widow, Augusta. For a period after acquisition, related materials from other sources (of mixed provenance) were added to the collection so there may be content produced or published after Warshaw's death in 1969. This practice has since ceased.
Railroads -- 19th century Search this
Health resorts Search this
Automobile travel Search this
Railroads -- 1860-1900 Search this
Travel Search this
Hotels Search this
Automobile travel -- United States Search this
Railroads Search this
Railroad companies Search this
Tourist trade -- 1900-1910 Search this
Tourism Search this
Maps, Tourist Search this
Transportation Search this
Railroads -- History Search this
Railroads -- Trains Search this
Sleeping cars (Railroads) Search this
Air travel Search this
Travel -- 1890-1930 Search this
Tourist trade -- Postcards Search this
Railroad travel Search this
Description and Travel Search this
Family vacations Search this
Railroad stations Search this
Tourist trade -- 1900-1910 -- Washington (D.C.) Search this
advertising -- Transportation Search this
Vacations Search this
Railroad passenger cars Search this
Publications -- Business
Warshaw Collection of Business Americana Subject Categories: Tours, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
NMAH.AC.0060.S01.01.Tours
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8ec3d919a-fdba-4173-8a85-5b72a71d4dfa
ead_collection:sova-nmah-ac-0060-s01-01-tours
Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs
Pullman Palace Car Co. Search this
Pullman-Standard Search this
Lincoln, Robert Todd Search this
Pullman, George M., 1831-1897 Search this
128.5 Cubic feet (147 boxes)
Glass plate negatives
Collection consists of approximately 13,500 images (original photographs, copy prints, and film and glass plate negatives) for freight, passenger, private, and street and rapid transit cars manufactured by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The collection contains primarily early railroad Americana, including interior and exterior views of private and business cars as well as passenger and street cars. The collection is an important part of the historical record of the railroad car-building industry as well as the history of architecture and interior design.
The collection consists of approximately 13,500 images (original photographs, copy prints, and film and glass plate negatives) for freight, passenger, private, and street and rapid transit cars manufactured by the Pullman Palace Car Company. The collection contains primarily interior and exterior views of private and business cars as well as passenger and street cars. The collection is an important part of the historical record of the railroad car-building industry as well as the history of architecture and interior design. Historians, designers, railroad enthusiasts, model railroad hobbyists, scholars, and others will find this collection useful.
The glass plate negatives in this collection were produced using the wet collodion process, which was introduced to the United States in 1855 and used into the 1880s. The plates were coated with chemicals, sensitized, exposed and developed, all while the plate was wet. Later, Pullman photographers used the dry collodion process. This process involved using glass plates with a photographic emulsion of silver halides suspended in gelatin. This process had shorter exposure times.
George Pullman assembled a variety of photographers to document his company's work. The photography was primarily used as a record of work, especially for the Operating Department and Manufacturing Department at Pullman, as well as for prospective corporate customers.
Before establishing an in-plant photographic department in 1888, Pullman relied on local photographers. Some of the photographers included John Jex Bardwell, Wylie Dennison, Henry R. Koopman, J. W. Taylor, Thomas S. Johnson, Wylie Dennison, John P. Van Vorst, Clayton Ford Smith, Joseph McAllister, Melvin C. Horn, Ernie Stutkus, and Donald J. O'Barski. Many of the photographers signed the glass plates using their initials. For example, John P. Van Vorst signed his J.P.V.V.
Photography of Pullman activities began in the Detroit Shops (property of the Detroit Car & Manufacturing Co. which was purchased by Pullman in 1873 and operated as the Detroit Shops of Pullman) in the 1870s and expanded to include photographing the town of Pullman, steel car construction, shop accidents, workers, panoramic views, and in some instances, for company publications. In-plant photography was started with Wylie Dennison in 1888. Dennison was the first full-time Pullman photographer, and he created the Pullman Photographic Department. Dennison instituted the practice of recording each photograph, noting the negative number, description of the car, the type of view (typically one interior view and one exterior view) and lot number. All of Dennison's photography was done outside in the daylight.
The negative numbers assigned to the glass plates were identified with a "lot" number. The lot number identified the production order, and in later years, the plan number was added, designating the layout of the car. Photographing one car out of each new lot was the intital practice, but over-time, the Photographic Department began taking six or more views of the interior and exterior as well as end views.
Lot numbers include:
Lots 1 - 500 (Pullman Car Works - Chicago)
Lots 1 - 500 (Detroit Car Works)
Lots 500 plus (can be freight and passenger mixed)
Lots 1000 to 4999 (Pullman passenger equipment)
Lots 5000 to 5999 (Pullman freight equipment)
Lots 5000 + Haskell and Barker (Pullman overlap)
Lots 6000 to 7000+ (Pullman and P-S passenger)
Lots 10000+ (Pullman freight equipment)
Series 1, Original prints, circa 1880-1949, are arranged numerically by Pullman numbers. The original prints begin with number 7343 and end with number 33091. The photographs document Pullman cars, including freight, passenger, private, and street railway/rapid transit. Many of the images depict interior views of the cars, and there are some views of porters and passengers. There is some documentation of the workmen constructing the cars. The prints are primarily 8" by 10" black-and-white and were originally bound into books and backed on linen. The prints were unbound at some time. Many of the original prints bear an embossed stamp "Built by Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation Chicago." Some photographs are sepia-tone and there are no negatives for these prints.
Series 2, Copy prints, 1885-1955, consists of prints made from the glass plate negatives by the Smithsonian photographic services office. The copy prints were originally stored in loose binders but were re-housed into folders and arranged numerically according to the original Pullman Company number. The number is typically found in the lower right corner of the image. The copy prints are black-and-white and are either 5" x 7" or 8" x 10".
Series 3, Film negatives, 1917-1955, consists of film negatives (4" x 5" and 8" x 10") that are arranged numerically by Pullman numbers. In some instances, information on the enclosure includes the type of car (e.g. sleeper, freight), the name of the car if applicable, name of railroad company, geographical information, and date(s). In some instances, "repro," or "broken glass" are recorded. For negatives that did not conform to the Pullman numbering system, the container list provides additional information. For example, Haskell and Barker Car Company (Haskell and Barker merged with the Pullman Company in 1922) machine shop views, or Pullman cars in St. Paul, Minnesota are recorded in the collection inventory listing.
Series 4, Glass plate negatives, [circa 1882-1948], is divided into two subseries, Subseries 1, 6" x 8" negatives and Subseries 2, 8" x 10" negatives. The series consists of approximately 13,500 glass plate negatives arranged by Pullman Company negative number. The negatives document primarily Pullman cars, including freight, passenger, private and street railway/rapid transit. Many of the images depict interior and exterior views of the cars and some views of porters and passengers. The interior views include details such as seating, window treatments, lighting fixtures, bathroom fixtures, wood paneling, marquetry work, fabrics, floor treatments, and other furnishings. There is some documentation of the construction of the cars by workmen in the factory.
The negative numbers and lot numbers are etched on the glass plates. Overall the series is in good condition, although there are some broken plates which have been separated. The negatives are not inclusive and some plates are missing, or there are two copies. If plates are missing or additional copies exist, this is noted in the collection inventory. In some instances, plates are labeled 3937 and then 3937-A. This numbering distinguished two different views/angles of the same car.
Many of the envelope enclosures contain the negative number, sometimes preceed by the letter "P" (e.g. P9597), lot number (L4700), and in some instances, text describing the negative. Text typically includes the type of car (sleeper, freight), the name of the car if applicable, name of railroad company, geographical information, and date(s). If a copy print was created from the negative plate, the enclosure is stamped "printed." However, this practice was not consistent. Plates that were not printed are occasionally noted, but not with any consistency.
The 6" by 8" glass plates numbered 82-4130 to 82-4167, represent numbers assigned by the Office of Photographic Services, Smithsonian Institution. Previously labeled "Pullman" on the enclosures, the plates primarily document engines and passenger cars for the New York, New Haven, & Hartford Railroad, 1870-1890 and undated. The plates do not have Pullman negative numbers etched in the lower left or right corners and it is unclear if these plates belong to this collection.
Series 5, Indices, 1990 and undated include bound, typescript indices to the Pullman negatives. Created by the National Museum of American History, Division of Transportation (now known as the Division of Work and Industry), the indices include listings by railroad, private cars, freight cars, street cars and rapid transit, and Pullman negatives. The indices provide the name of the railroad/railway (e.g. Chicago & Alton), type of car (e.g. coal car or box car), number, lot, remarks (e.g. baggage area), year, type of view (e.g. exterior or interior) and frame number (for the laser disc).
One index is a supplemental guide listing sepia tone prints for which no negative exists in our collection. The indices for the negative listings on laser discs one and two are available. However, the actual lasers discs are missing.
Horn, Don. "The Pullman Photographers," Railroad Heritage, No. 7, 2003, pp. 5-13.
Arnold, Rus. "This Negative File was a Sleeper." Technical Photography. May 1970, pp. 21-XX.
Pullman State Historic Site, http://www.pullman-museum.org/theCompany/timeline.html (last accessed April 18, 2011)
Series 1, Original prints, 1904-1949
Series 2, Copy prints, 1885-1955
Series 3, Film negatives, undated
Series 4, Glass plate negatives, circa 1882-1948
Series 5, Indices, 1990 and undated
Recognizing a market for luxurious rail travel, George M. Pullman, who had earlier experimented with sleeping car construction and was wealthy from the provisioning and transporting of Colorado miners in the early 1860s, incorporated the Pullman's Palace Car Company in 1867. By the 1870s his operations were already national and included the operation of sleeping cars under contract with the nation's railroads, the manufacture of cars at the Detroit Works, and the creation of subsidiary firms serving Great Britain and Europe. In the three decades before the turn of the century, the prosperous company grew enormously and included a much heralded model company town adjacent to the new car works at Pullman, Illinois. Acclaim turned to condemnation following the nationwide strike that originated at the Pullman Car Works in 1894. Pullman died in 1897, two years before his company absorbed its last major competitor, the Wagner Palace Car Company, which had been financed by the Vanderbilts.
The Pullman's Palace Car Company entered the twentieth century with a new name, the Pullman Company, and a new president, Robert Todd Lincoln. An extremely profitable virtual monopoly, the Pullman Company began replacing its wood cars with safer all steel bodied models (heavyweights) in its newly segregated manufacturing department and at the same time (1906) came under the regulation of the Interstate Commerce Commission. From 1918 to 1920, the United States Railroad Administration, citing the war emergency, assumed control of the operating arm of the firm, renamed the Pullman Car Lines for the duration of federal control.
The Pullman Company reached its peak during the 1920s, manufacturing new heavyweight cars at a rapid pace. Seeking to expand its freight car production, Pullman merged with the Haskell and Barker Car Company in 1922. Edward F. Carry and his Haskell and Barker associates assumed the presidency and other executive positions in the enlarged Pullman Company. More reorganization took place in 1924, when the Pullman Company Manufacturing Department became a distinct firm, the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation, and in 1927, when a parent or holding company, Pullman Incorporated, was created to oversee the two subsidiary firms. In 1929, following Carry's death, President David A. Crawford engineered the merger of the Pullman Car and Manufacturing Corporation with the Standard Steel Car Company, forming the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company.
During the first three decades of the twentieth century Pullman sought to impede the unionization of its workers by offering new benefits, including a pension plan in 1914, a death benefit plan in 1922, and a plan of group insurance in 1929. F. L. Simmons' Industrial Relations Department, created in 1920, also directed the formation of company-sponsored occupationally-based unions under the plan of employee representation. A. Philip Randolph's Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters and other unions would not successfully organize company workers until the New Deal Railway Labor Act of 1934 forbade corporate interference in union matters. The Depression marked the end of Pullman prosperity. Both the number of car orders and sleeping car passengers declined precipitously. The firm laid off car plant and service workers, reduced fares, and introduced such innovations as the single occupancy section in an effort to fill its cars. During this decade the firm built fewer new cars, but it added air conditioning to its existing heavyweights and remodeled many into compartment sleepers.
In 1940, just as orders for lightweight cars were increasing and sleeping car traffic was growing, the United States Department of Justice filed an anti-trust complaint against Pullman Incorporated in the U. S. District Court at Philadelphia (Civil Action No. 994). The government sought to separate the company's sleeping car operations from its manufacturing activities. In 1944 the court concurred, ordering Pullman Incorporated to divest itself of either the Pullman Company (operating) or the Pullman-Standard Car Manufacturing Company (manufacturing). After three years of negotiations, the Pullman Company was sold to a consortium of fifty-seven railroads for around forty million dollars. Carroll R. Harding was named president of this new Pullman Company. The new Pullman Company started out optimistically in 1947 with good passenger traffic figures, but the years following brought steady and marked decline. Regularly scheduled lines were cancelled; all shops except St. Louis and Chicago were closed; employees were furloughed, and major railroad owners such as the New York Central and Pennsylvania Railroad totally or partially withdrew from service. On January 1, 1969, at the age of 102, the Pullman Company ceased operation, though it maintained a small central office staff to wind up affairs and handle an equal pay-for-equal-work lawsuit (Denver Case) that continued in the courts until 1981.
John H. White (1933-), historian and curator, collected the Pullman photographs in 1969. White was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and graduated with a bachelors of arts in history from Miami University Ohio in 1958. Shortly after receiving his degree, He joined the staff of the Smithsonian Institution as Assistant Curator of the Division of Transportation, Department of Science and Technology, Museum of History and Technology. White later became Associate Curator of the Division, 1961-1966, Curator, 1967-1985, and Senior Historian, 1986-1989. White specialized in land transportation, particularly the history of railroads.
White worked closely with Arthur Detmers Dubin (1923-) to acquire the Pullman photographs for the museum. Dubin was an avid train enthusiast and collector, and he frequently used the Pullman "archives" for his own research on railroads. Dubin was born in Chicago, Illinois and began his architectural education at the University of Michigan in 1941 but his education was interrupted by World War II, and he served with distinction in the United States Army until 1946. After completing his studies in 1949, Dubin joined his father's and uncle's architectural firm, Dubin and Dubin, as a second--eneration architect. The leadership of the firm soon passed to Arthur and his brother, Martin David, and in 1965 they were joined by John Black and in 1966 by John Moutoussamy. Arthur's life--ong interest in trains and transportation and their implications for architecture is evident in transit stations commissions and service on transportation--elated advisory boards (Dubin was a member of the Illinois Railroad Commission), as well as in his writings and personal collections.
In July, 1966, Dubin contacted then Vice President of Public Relations at Pullman-Standard E. Preston Calvert about the history and future of the photographic negative plates. Dubin appealed to Calvert to preserve these materials. Dubin and White were also in contact by correspondence and in June, 1967, White contacted Calvert also, stating that the Chicago Historical Society or Illinois State Historical Society should be offered the plates as a first option. Failing a local Illinois repository accepting the materials, White indicated that the Smithsonian would accept the negatives.
During the spring of 1968, White, working with Dubin and Nora Wilson, editor of the company's publications, coordinated a visit by White to Chicago to examine the photographic negatives at the Pullman Car Works factory in south Chicago. In April 1968, White examined the vast collection of glass plate negatives (approximately 20,000). From April, 1968 to August, 1969, Pullman-Standard and the Smithsonian negotiated acquisition details, including shipping and related costs. In August, 1969, White returned to complete the task of sorting the glass plates, discarding broken plates, and weeding repetitive views. He selected approximately 13,500 glass plates. Views of Pullman towns were donated to the Chicago Historical Society. Dubin appraised the photographic plates and film negatives, presumably on behalf of Pullman-Standard, and estimated the plates to be worth between $54,000 and $67,500 dollars.
Historical note courtesy Martha T. Briggs and Cynthia H. Peters, Guide to Pullman Company Archives, The Newberry Library, Chicago, 1995.
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Area Architects Oral History Project http://www.artic.edu/aic/resources/resource/734?search_id=1 (last accessed on February 23, 2011)
John H. White papers, 1959-1989, Record Unit 007384, Smithsonian Institution Archives, Washington, D.C.
Telephone conversation of Alison Oswald, archivist, with John H. White, April 14, 2011.
Materials in the Archives Center
Pullman Palace Car Company Materials, 1867-1979 (AC0181)
John H. White, Jr. Railroad Reference Collection, 1880s-1990 (AC0523)
Materials in Other Organizations
•Art Institute of Chicago
•Bombardier Corporation
•California State Railroad Museum
•Chicago History Museum
•Arthur Dubin Collection at Lake Forest College
•Illinois Railway Museum
•Indiana University Northwest's Calumet Regional Archives
Pullman-Standard Railroad Car Manufacturing Company Personnel Records—Personnel Record Series CRA 314 This index of employee names was created from the original personnel cards housed at Indiana University Northwest's Calumet Regional Archives from the Indiana locations. Although the records are not complete from the Michigan City plant for the entire period from 1912 to the 1970's, there may be information that will assist researchers with finding key details of a family member. The Hammond Pullman plant was merged with the Haskell Barker Company of Michigan City in 1922.
•Newberry Library, Chicago
The Pullman Company archives at the Newberry Library consists of 2,500 cubic feet of records from the Pullman Company and Pullman heirs. The collection is comprised of business archives of the Pullman Palace Car Company from 1867 and includes records of the entire firm up to the 1924 split into operating (sleeping car operation, service, and repair) and manufacturing companies. From 1924 to 1981 the records chronicle the activities of the operating company only.
•Pennsylvania State Archives
•Pullman State Historic Site
•Pullman Technology (Harvey, Illinois)
•Smithsonian Institution Archives
•South Suburban Genealogical & Historical Society (South Holland, Illinois)
The collection was donated by Pullman-Standard Company, through Nora Wilson, editor of employee publications for the Department of Public Relations and Advertising, on October 8, 1969.
Collection is open for research but the negatives are stored off-site and special arrangements must be made to work with it. Special arrangements required to view original glass plate and film negatives due to cold storage. Using negatives requires a three hour waiting period. Contact the Archives Center for information at archivescenter@si.edu or 202-633-3270.
Copyright held by the Smithsonian Institution.
Freight cars Search this
Roomette car Search this
Hospital cars Search this
Hotel car Search this
Local transit Search this
Photographs -- Black-and-white negatives -- Acetate film -- 1890-1900
Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs, Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution
John and Ellen Thompson provided financial support for processing the collection.
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep85e54d13d-eb5a-4971-8e39-ecfe85039ed4
The Crisis Vol. 11 No. 3
W.E.B. Du Bois, American, 1868 - 1963 Search this
Harry Roseland, American, 1867 - 1950 Search this
9 7/8 x 6 13/16 x 1/8 in. (25.1 x 17.3 x 0.3 cm)
Place printed:
New York City, New York, United States, North and Central America
Civil Rights Search this
Education Search this
Literature Search this
Poetry Search this
Race relations Search this
Social life and customs Search this
Social reform Search this
Collection of the Smithsonian National Museum of African American History and Culture, Gift of Bobbie Ross in memory of Elizabeth Dillard
http://n2t.net/ark:/65665/fd57821449f-6b08-4a56-9282-de9af4316aae
edanmdm:nmaahc_2012.84.12
Dining car line to the Pacific : an illustrated history of the NP Railway's "famously good" food, with 150 authentic recipes / William A. McKenzie
McKenzie, William A. 1926- Search this
Northern Pacific Railway Company Search this
xi, 164 p. : ill. ; 23 x 29 cm
Railroads--Dining-car service Search this
TF668.M38 1990X
edanmdm:siris_sil_393445
Dining on rails : an encyclopedia of railroad china / by Richard W. Luckin
Luckin, Richard W Search this
392 p. : ill. ; 28 cm
Railroads--Dining-car service--Collectibles Search this
Pottery--Collectors and collecting Search this
Tableware Search this
TF668 .L94 1990
TF668.L94 1990
The official guide to railroad dining car china / by Douglas W. McIntyre
McIntyre, Douglas W Search this
204 p. : ill. (some col.) ; 29 cm
Ceramic tableware Search this
NK4005.M37 1990X
Dining by rail : the history and the recipes of America's golden age of railroad cuisine / James D. Porterfield
Porterfield, James D. 1942- Search this
xv, 384 p. : ill. ; 24 cm
Cooking, American Search this
Railroads--Dining-car service--History Search this
TX715.P848 1993X
Mimbres to Mimbreño : a study of Santa Fe's famous china pattern / by Richard W. Luckin
Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company Search this
NK4695.T33 L94 1992
NK4695.T33L94 1992
Ruth Law Scrapbook
Law, Ruth Search this
No restrictions on access
Material is subject to Smithsonian Terms of Use. Should you wish to use NASM material in any medium, please submit an Application for Permission to Reproduce NASM Material, available at Permissions Requests.
Ruth Law Collection, Acc. NASM.XXXX.0387, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.
Ruth Law Collection
Ruth Law Collection / Series 1: Ruth Law Scrapbook
National Air and Space Museum Archives
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/pg23c516b67-e52c-4a50-88d4-a1b5e84eba83
ead_component:sova-nasm-xxxx-0387-ref517
[Parlor car interior : black-and-white photoprint,]
1 Item (Silver gelatin on paper., 7.4" x 4.7")
Local Numbers:
AC0181-0000012.tif (AC Scan)
Unrestricted research use on site by appointment. Photograph must be handled with cotton gloves unless protected by sleeves.
Railroad cars Search this
Photographs -- 1880-1890 -- Black-and-white photoprints
Pullman Palace Car Company Collection, 1867-1982, Archives Center, National Museum of American History
Pullman Palace Car Company Collection
Pullman Palace Car Company Collection / Series 7: Photographs / Passengers
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep8759bf5a5-a938-441d-b897-d4c115e68b55
ead_component:sova-nmah-ac-0181-ref636
8 Cubic feet (11 boxes)
Records of the Pullman Company, manufacturers and operators of railroad sleeping cars. Pullman also manufactured hospital and dining cars at its Chicago facilities. Dating from 1867 to 1982 (bulk 1900-1930s), the collection includes background materials, correspondence, financial, personnel and operating records, drawings and photographs.
The collection consists of materials from 1867-1982 (bulk 1900-1930s), and includes background materials, correspondence, financial records, operating records, personnel records, drawings, and photographs. Of note is the documentation of hospital cars and instructions for porters. The collection is not a complete record of the Pullman Palace Car Company's activities.
Series 1, Historical Background, 1867-1982, contains newspaper clippings and articles about the Pullman Palace Car Company and George Pullman. Also included is a 318-page typescript titledThe History of the Sleeping Car 1923, by Charles S. Sweet; documentation on how Pullman cars were named; and other histories of the Pullman Company including its hospital cars and maquetry design.
Series 2, Correspondence, 1912-1960, consists primarily of documentation about the sale of cars and equipment by Pullman Palace Car Company to specific railroad companies. The correspondence details the cost per car and in some instances, leasing costs, operating costs, and other relevant statistical and financial information about the transactions. There is some consolidated data on cars sold to the railroads as well as summary data on the type of car sold, name of car, selling price, purchasers, and the date the sale was approved. The correspondence is organized chronologically within Pullman Company correspondence wrappers which were used to maintain the correspondence in a uniform manner and in consecutive date order.
Correspondence about hospital cars contains information on the rental of Pullman cars to the United States government as well as letters discussing specifications for building hospital unit cars for the United States Army. There is one folder of miscellaneous correspondence with individuals seeking copies of photographs from the company and/or offering their historical writings about the company.
Series 3, Financial Records, 1875-1930, consists primarily of details of cost documentation created by the Pullman Company's Manufacturing Department. The cost sheets are arranged chronologically and represent an itemized financial breakdown of costs by material, labor, extra equipment, sundries, and recapitulation for a variety of Pullman cars. The cover sheet for work orders notes the lot number, plan number, type of Pullman car (e.g. baggage, parlor, private) being manufactured or serviced/repaired, to whom the order belongs, and associated dates. For example, one private, steel car for Mr. D. J. Reid or general service parlor car for Southern Railway.
Series 4, Operating Records, 1875-1972, consists of records used by the company for daily operations, particularly instructions for porters as well as repair logbooks, volumes detailing car building completion, published supplements noting specific changes to cars, correspondence, reports, newspaper clippings, and lists of cars built by Pullman and cars withdrawn from service. Also included is the Illustrations Accompanying the Report of the Engineer-in-chief, H.C. Mais, on Observations on Railways Made During His Tour in 1883. Henry Coathupe Mais (1827-1916) was an English born civil engineer who spent most of his career in Australia. Mais toured railways and other works in Europe and America. His lengthy report with many detailed illustrations was printed in 1884 as a parliamentary paper. Some report pages were moldy and have been separated. These pages include: the index, pages 1-7; page 58; and pages 98-111.
The reports found in the "general file" include Sleeping, Parlor and Lounge Equipment (1945) and Pullman Passenger Survey A Continuing Study--Part II, (1955). The latter report by McFarland, Aveyard and Company studied attitudes and opinions of Pullman passengers. There is a typescript of a presentation made by George W. Bohannan of the Pullman Company to the American Association of Passenger Traffic Officers (1964).
The records documenting the completion of cars are bound volumes arranged chronologically. The volumes detail lot number, plan numbers, date of order, type of car, account name, date of delivery, destination route, estimate price, cost price, and contract price. In some instances, new information was glued or taped into the volume. The repair books capture the date, name of car, yard, name of porter, and date shipped.
Series 5, Personnel Records, 1873-1979, includes a payroll list for the General Ticket Department, 1876; instructions for passengers with cholera, 1873; reward notices for an 1878 robbery; instructional manuals for Pullman porters; photographs of Pullman Company employees working, and general correspondence, 1896-1979; ancedotes about Pullman porters; an obituary for George Arthur Kelly, an executive vice president for the Pullman Company; articles and newspaper clippings about porters and conductors, particularly the Society for the Prevention of Calling Pullman Car Porters "George." Started in 1916, the Society for the Prevention of Calling Pullman Car Porters "George" was founded by George W. Dulany, Jr., an Iowa lumber merchant. Dulany organized the society for fun after hearing passengers call every porter George. The society became a hobby and there were no meetings, dues, or activities associated with his work. Dulany's campaign was solely to have passengers use a porter's correct name or simply call them "porter."
Series 6, Drawings, 1907-1939 and undated, contains bound volumes arranged chronologically of records of tracings of drawings for Pullman cars. The volumes detail the negative number, date, type of car, job number, and remarks.
Series 7, Photographs, 1932-1950s and undated, consists primarily of black-and-white copy prints (8" x 10") documenting employees, especially porters, passengers, and hospital cars. Many of the hospital cars depict both the exterior and interior, but none with patients. The passenger photographs are almost exclusively interior images of persons dining, sleeping, playing cards, and in general seating areas. The Southern Pacific dining car photographs are original prints and bear the Pullman Car Company embossed stamp and unique number. This range of photographs is (Pullman photograph #32867 to #32873) and the images depict exterior and interior views of the dining cars. There is one album of ninety-nine photographs taken by Ricardo Villalba (active 1860-1880) in Peru. The album was made for W.W. Evans, Esquire in 1875. The images depict landscapes, bridges, train tracks, railroad cars, railroad engines, and buildings, such as the Pano Cathedral.
The collection is divided into seven series:
Series 1, Historical Background, 1867-1982
Series 2, Correspondence, 1912-1960
Series 3, Financial Records, 1875-1930
Series 4, Operating Records, 1875-1972
Series 5, Personnel Records, 1873-1979
Series 6, Drawings, 1907-1939 and undated
Series 7, Photographs, 1932-1950s and undated
George M. Pullman (1831-1897) developed the railroad passenger sleeping car service into a major 19th century industry. He created the Pullman Palace Car Company in 1867. George Pullman was succeeded as president of the company by Robert Todd Lincoln, President Abraham Lincoln's son, who served until 1911. In 1900, after buying competing companies, the firm was reorganized as the Pullman Company.
The idea for specially designed sleeping cars came to Pullman while traveling from Buffalo to Westfield, New York in 1854. He altered existing railroad cars in September, 1858, for service on the Chicago and Alton Railroad. They first sleeping car built to Pullman's specifications was the "pioneer," which carried part of the Lincoln funeral party from Chicago to Springfield, Illinois in 1865. In 1867 "hotel cars" were introduced. These sleeping cars, equipped with kitchen and dining facilities, eliminating the need for trains to stop at stations for passengers to buy food. In 1868, Pullman built the "Delmonica," devoted to restaurant purposes. The Pullman firm also built streetcars and trolleys.
In 1880 George Pullman built the town of Pullman, just south of the city of Chicago along the Illinois Central Railroad line, as the site for his manufacturing plant. Intended as a model manufacturing town, it had 12,000 residents in 1893. It suffered from the usual company town problems and was annexed to Chicago in 1889. In the wake of the depression of 1893 Pullman reduced wages for its workers by 25% or more. The American Railway Union, lead by Eugene V. Debs, sought to bring wage issues to arbitration but Pullman refused. In June, 1894 some 4,000 employees struck the company gaining support from thousands of railroad workers who refused to handle trains with Pullman cars. President Grover Cleveland sent federal troops to Chicago in July and after a period of sporadic violence the strike was over by the end of the summer.
In later years the Pullman company introduced several innovations. It built lighter, articulated cars of alloy steel beginning in 1936. The following year, it introduced the roomette car with eighteen enclosed private rooms. In 1956 Pullman introduced the dome sleeper car with an upper deck observation level. The United States anti-trust suit against Pullman Manufacturing and Operating Company resulted in a 1944 decision requiring a separation of car building and car operation activities. Pullman sold its sleeping car service, transferring its operating unit to a group of fifty-nine railway firms in 1947.
George Pullman introduced two notable practices. First, rather than operating railroads, his firm leased sleeping cars to the railroads and provided the complete services on them, including supplying porters, conductors, dining staff, and food and linens. Second, Pullman named each of his sleeping and dining cars rather than assigning them numbers. This was intended to enhance the company's image by creating a personality for the car. Different categories of names signified different categories of cars and geographical names also helped to promote travel to the areas in which they operated.
Arthur Detmers Dubin assembled these Pullman Company materials. Dubin was born in 1923 in Chicago, Illinois. He began his architectural education at the University of Michigan in 1941 but was interrupted by World War II, and he served with distinction in the United States Army until 1946. After completing his studies in 1949, Dubin joined his father's and uncle's architectural firm, Dubin and Dubin, as a second--eneration architect. The leadership of the firm soon passed to Arthur and his brother, Martin David, and in 1965 they were joined by John Black and in 1966 by John Moutoussamy. Arthur's life--ong interest in trains and transportation and their implications for architecture is evident in transit stations commissions and service on transportation--elated advisory boards (Dubin was a member of the Illinois Railroad Commission), as well as in his writings and personal collections. Dubin was an avid train enthusiast and collector.
Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago Area Architects Oral History Project
Pullman Palace Car Company Photographs (NMAH.AC.1175), contains photographs of Pullman cars: freight, passenger, private and street railway/rapid transit cars. The bulk of the collection contains approximately 13,500 original glass plate negatives, film negatives, and copy prints.
Industry on Parade (NMAH.AC.0507) contains Reel #99, Servicing Sleepers, 1952. The Pullman Coach Company, Chicago, Illinois.
Bombardier Corporation
Chicago Historical Society
Arthur Dubin Collection at Lakeforest College
Illinois Railway Museum
Newberry Library, Pullman Company Archives
The Pullman Company archives consists of 2,500 cubic feet of records from the Pullman Company and Pullman heirs. The collection is comprised of business archives of the Pullman Palace Car Company from 1867 and include records of the entire firm up to the 1924 split into operating (sleeping car operation, service, and repair) and manufacturiung companies. From 1924 to 1981 the records chronicle the activities of the operating company only.
Pennsylvania State Archives
Pullman State Historic Site
Pullman Technology (Harvey, Illinois)
Smithsonian Institution Archives, Arthur D. Dubin Papers (83-015; 83-076; 83-101)
South Suburban Genealogical & Historical Society (South Holland, illinois)
Collection materials were donated by Arthur D. Dubin in 1980 and on January 30, 1986. Additional materials were donated by Lorrain Douglass, Kiara S. Winans and Kristin Peterson on April 3, 2012.
The collection is open for research use.
Labor relations Search this
Sleeping car Search this
Strikes and lockouts Search this
Photographs -- Black-and-white photoprints -- Silver gelatin -- 1930-1940
Correspondence -- 1930-1960
https://n2t.net/ark:/65665/ep859ac8544-9c31-48af-be09-abe3d415e126
Silver at your service : a collector's guide to railroad dining car flatware patterns / Arthur L. Dominy and Rudolph A. Morgenfruh
Dominy, Arthur L Search this
Morgenfruh, Rudolph A Search this
Silver flatware--Collectors and collecting Search this
NK7242.F55 D67 1987
NK7242.F55D67 1987
Teapot treasury (and related items) / by Richard W. Luckin
Teapots Search this
NK8730 .L94 1987
NK8730.L94 1987
Dinner in the diner; great railroad recipes of all time, by Will C. Hollister. Introd. by Spencer Crump. Book design: Hank Johnston
Hollister, Will C Search this
144 p. illus., facsims., maps, ports. 29 cm
[1970? c1965]
Cooking Search this
TX715.H744 1970X
Silver banquet : a compendium on railroad dining car silver serving pieces / by Everett L. Maffett
Maffett, Everett L Search this
Silverware Search this
TF668 .M34 1980X
Tetsudō ryokō no ajiwai : shokudōsha menyū to ekiben raberu ni miru tabi no shokubunka / [henshū Tenri Daigaku Fuzoku Tenri Sankōkan]
鉄道旅行の味わい : 食堂車メニューと駅弁ラベルに見る旅の食文化 / [ 編集天理大学附属天理参考館]
Various menus of dining car's labels of "ekiben" : culture of eating in trains
Tenri Sankōkan Search this
28 p. : col. ill. ; 26 cm
Food service Search this
Railroad stations--Food service Search this
TF668 .T48 2010
Nothing could be finer : a compendium of railroad dining car china / S. Sandknop
Sandknop, Stephen S Search this
1977 printing
Porcelain--Collectors and collecting Search this
NK4230.S217 1977
TF668 .L94
TF668.L94
Handbook on sanitation of dining cars in operation; standards of sanitation for operation and maintenance of food and drink service facilities on railroad passenger cars
United States Public Health Service Division of Sanitation Search this
14 p. illus. 24 cm
1951]
Railroads--Sanitation Search this
TF445 .U57
TF445.U57
Include Term Exclude Term Finding aids (4)
Include Term Exclude Term Archival materials (6)
Include Term Exclude Term Collection descriptions (4)
Include Term Exclude Term Advertisements (1)
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Include Term Exclude Term Advertising cards (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Advertising fliers (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Advertising mail (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Business cards (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Railroads (23)
Include Term Exclude Term Dining-car service (18)
Include Term Exclude Term Collectibles (4)
Include Term Exclude Term Collectors and collecting (4)
Include Term Exclude Term Cooking, American (3)
Include Term Exclude Term Dining cars (3)
Include Term Exclude Term History (3)
Include Term Exclude Term Ceramic tableware (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Hospital cars (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Hotel car (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Pottery (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Luckin, Richard W (4)
Include Term Exclude Term Pullman Palace Car Co. (3)
Include Term Exclude Term Pullman, George M. (3)
Include Term Exclude Term Lincoln, Robert Todd (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Warshaw, Isadore (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway Company (1)
Include Term Exclude Term B&O Railroad Museum (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Beebe, Lucius Morris (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Dominy, Arthur L (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Du Bois, W. E. B. (William Edward Burghardt) (1)
Include Term Exclude Term African Americans (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Japanese language (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Canada (2)
Include Term Exclude Term Australia (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Austria (1)
Include Term Exclude Term China (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Colorado (1)
Include Term Exclude Term England (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Europe (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Ireland (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Japan (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Mexico (1)
Include Term Exclude Term Archives Center, National Museum of American History (5)


text:
Aloys P. Kaufmann (December 23, 1902 in St. Louis, Missouri – February 12, 1984 in St. Louis) was the 36th Mayor of St. Louis, serving from 1943 to 1949.

Kaufmann graduated from the Benton College of Law and practiced law in St. Louis.  He was active in Republican Party politics in St. Louis, and served as a member of the City party's central committee from 1936 to 1943.  In 1943, he was elected President of the St. Louis Board of Aldermen, defeating Democrat Joseph Darst in the April election.

In 1943, Mayor William D. Becker was killed in a glider crash at Lambert Airport in St. Louis.  Under the provisions of the city charter, Kaufmann, as President of the Board of Aldermen, became mayor for the remainder of Becker's term. Kaufmann was elected to his own term of office in 1945, the last time a Republican has been elected mayor of the city.

During his time as mayor, Kaufmann worked to pass a $69 million bond issue, which was approved by the voters in April 1944. One of the items funded by the bond issue was an expansion of Lambert Airport from  to . Other accomplishments during Mayor Kaufmann's term included improvements in sanitation and public health, with the establishment of a rat control system in 1946 and the establishment of a refuse division in 1947. Kaufmann was unsuccessful in his efforts to get the Missouri Constitutional Convention to expand the boundaries of St. Louis City, which had been fixed in 1876.  The first attempt to institute an earnings tax in St. Louis was approved during Mayor Kaufmann's term, but was overturned by the Missouri Supreme Court because the State Legislature had not authorized such a tax.

Mayor Kaufmann left office in 1949.  He returned to his law practice and remained active in civic affairs.  In 1954, he became President of the Chamber of Commerce of Metropolitan Birmingham. Kaufmann died February 12, 1984, at age 81.

References

External links
 St Louis Mayors

Sources
Much of the original content for this article was based on the brief biographies of St. Louis Mayors found at the St. Louis Public Library's website linked above.

Mayors of St. Louis
1902 births
1984 deaths
Lawyers from St. Louis
Missouri Republicans
20th-century American politicians
20th-century American lawyers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Sometimes timely professional medical care is needed. You do not have the luxury of researching the expertise of the doctor, the quality of care of the hospital or the practicality of getting around at your treatment destination.
Blueprint Health and our hospitality partner, Cape Courtesy have access to all specialities in the Western Cape operating from 3 different private hospital groups.


20 dog boarding businesses near Sharon, Massachusetts. To see the next 20 pet boarding options visit Sharon page 2.
Sharon, MA 02067 | 1 miles away.
Canton, MA 02021 | 3.2 miles away.
Walpole, MA 02081 | 5.7 miles away.
Walpole, MA 02081 | 5.8 miles away.
Brockton, MA 02301 | 7 miles away.
Westwood, MA 02090 | 7.2 miles away.
Holbrook, MA 02343 | 8.1 miles away.
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Braintree, MA 02184 | 11.2 miles away.
I am not currently able to take in dogs for home boarding. I am available for dog walking and home visits for dogs and cats.
Dover, MA 02030 | 11.2 miles away.
Franklin, MA 02038 | 11.5 miles away.
West Roxbury, MA 02132 | 11.5 miles away.
North Attleboro, MA 02760 | 11.8 miles away.
Needham, MA 02492 | 12 miles away.
West Roxbury, MA 02132 | 12.2 miles away.
Attleboro, MA 02703 | 12.3 miles away.
Roslindale, MA 02131 | 12.4 miles away.
Boston, MA 02131 | 12.4 miles away.
Sherborn, MA 01770 | 12.6 miles away.


On Sunday 25 June, thirteen of our schools took part in the CISC Junior and Prep School Athletics Championships, hosted by St. Columba's College in St. Alban's. A big thanks to David Buxton, Headmaster, for the warm welcome to our schools and in particular to Ed Lowe, Director of Sport at St. Alban's, who organised the event with great skill. The results of the events are listed below and as you will see from the photographs the pupils clearly applied maximum effort.
CISC was represented by our Chair, Antonia Beary. Thanks to Antonia for her support for our schools. Many of the events were hotly contested and a number of impressive performances were recorded including a number of records. T. Werret (Prior Park) set a new best in the Long Jump of 4.65m as well as equaling the 100m record (13.6) which was set in 1989 in the U12 Girls competition. H. Lewington (Prior Park) threw 30.72m in the U14 Girls Javelin competition to set a new record whilst E. Henderson (St George's) took over 10 seconds off the U14 Boys 1500m record to finish in 4:31.7. In terms of team competitions, Notre Dame were victorious in the U12 Girls competition whilst St George's finished on top in the U14 Girls competition. Both boys age group titles were claimed by the hosts with St Columba's beating Cranmore into second in both competitions. Aside of the results, all competitors should be congratulated on their efforts and achievements as well as the teachers who should be complimented on their efforts on the day and their coaching beforehand!


Vintage Pair of Blue Opaline Glass Vanity Lotion Bottles by Portieux Vallerysthal of France. Both bottles are identical in size and shape with identical stoppers and gilded patterns. The gilded gold pattern of garlands, bows and swags, repeat 3 times around the body of the bottles.
These patterns are framed by 2 gilded bands. The finials also have a centered gold band. Overall the bottles are in excellent condition. No cracks, major scratches or repairs. There is one chip to the stem of one stopper (pictured). Additionally, there is some fading to the gilded details throughout. However the fading gives the bottles an even greater vintage aesthetic. Dimensions: 2 1/2"W(base) x 6 1/8"H(top of bottle) x 7 3/4H.
The item "Vtg Portieux Vallerysthal Blue Opaline Glass Vanity Lotion Bottles France" is in sale since Thursday, September 21, 2017. This item is in the category "Pottery & Glass\Glass\Art Glass\French\Other French Art Glass".
The seller is "jbarryvintage" and is located in Charlotte, North Carolina. This item can be shipped worldwide.


Laguna Beach police arrested a woman who allegedly stole more than $200 in groceries from Whole Foods Market on Broadway Street and then tried to change her appearance, Sgt. Louise Callus wrote in an email.
Ismail Dhalia, 35, from Laguna Beach, was charged with commercial burglary and posted the $25,000 bail.
A Whole Foods employee called police about 2 p.m. Friday about a woman who allegedly left the store without paying. A downtown foot patrol officer was in the area and responded to the call within minutes. The officer met with store employees and put out a suspect description.
The officer checked a vehicle in the store parking lot and saw items taken from Whole Foods, police said. Officers stayed in the area — out of sight — and waited for Dhalia to return to her car. A short time later officers spotted Dhalia across the street from Whole Foods. Officers detained Dhalia and identified her as the suspect. Police said the stolen items amounted to $238.
Officers determined Dhalia left on foot after putting the stolen items in her vehicle. Police said she purchased new clothes from a thrift shop on Broadway Street to disguise her appearance. She returned to the area, where officers contacted her. The clothes she was wearing when she allegedly committed the crime were found in her possession inside a shopping bag.


text:
1,000 Foo Fighters fans team up to cover the band's 'Saint Cecilia' – watch
The fan group had previously performed 'Learn To Fly' together
Lisa Wright
A group of 1,000 Foo Fighters fans dubbing themselves the Rockin' 1000 have teamed up to cover the band's track 'Saint Cecilia'.
Scroll down to watch the clip.
As Spin reports, the fans recorded themselves performing the song remotely and then cut the audio and footage together to make one group performance of the track – taken from the band's recent EP of the same name.
This is the second time the group, from Cesena, Italy, have come together to show their support of the band.
Last July, they joined forces to perform 'Learn To Fly' in a bid to get Foo Fighters to play in their city. Following the performance – footage of which went viral – the band subsequently played a gig in Cesena in November, inviting the organisers of the video to join them onstage.
Meanwhile, another novel performance of 'Learn To Fly' also recently occurred when Dave Grohl teamed up with The Muppets to play the song. Grohl appeared with Missy Piggy's band, Dr Teeth and The Electric Mayhem, on the show earlier this week.
https://link.brightcove.com/services/player/?bctid=3880246408001


Harminger here, looking like a cross between someone out of a Tintin comic and an extra from a Hall & Oates video circa '85. The thing is I wish I had the balls to don a Captains cap and shirt and trousers like this. I think I've found my outfit for Summer 2014. All aboard the ocean of love, Captain.
Then again, maybe he is a Captain.


This is the section where you will find all the latest updates on activities and issues of importance to youth with developmental disabilities. Here you'll find announcements on internships, conferences, legislation updates, and other information to help you, as youth and emerging leaders, get to where you want to be!
Events From forums and legislative hearings, to conferences and trainings, there's always a lot going within the disability community. Check out this section to find out more about these and various events, including finding registration and contact information.
Announcements Learn what's going on in the disability community at the federal, statewide, and local levels. This section shares everything from website and program launches to funding updates, press announcements and a host of other beneficial information for youth and emerging leaders with disabilities.
Funding Whether trying to find money for college or fund your very own non-profit, this section will point you in the right direction. Look here to find grants, scholarships, and other funding opportunities.
Jobs & Internships Young leaders should continually consider their next moves. This section includes both job and internship opportunities in disability and non-disability related fields.


Our table visualization is one of the most used data representations within our tool, and it offers a lot of flexibility built right into the system. The most important part is, that beside the QQL query, a table metric heavily relies on the additional config, holding information like column names, column widths, and the column type. Our guide on using the Metric Builder is recommended before moving on.
The data fetching and visualization within the table can be handled completely separate. First we will focus on how to load the data.
This is something that is fairly simple for tables, as the result of a SQL query is in a table format anyways, returning a set of rows holding information for a set of columns. When you start writing a query for a table, just make sure the query output (which can be verified looking at the "Query Result" tab) matches exactly what you would like to put into the table.
First we need to set the visualization type to Table. Then, scroll down to the Config box. The config is very important when it comes to creating tables. This is where you add and specify the metadata.
Metadata is defined as data that describes other data. Essentially, the metadata specifies how we want the data (in this case, the QQL we just wrote) to be visualized. If you are creating your metric from scratch or are editing an existing metric that is not a table, there will not already be metadata in the config.
Each id, title, width, type (when included) and hideOnDashboard (when included) corresponds to a single column you want in your table. The example above will have 2 columns: The first will be titled "Name" and the second will be titled "Fans". Because the fans count is an integer, we need to specify this in type. A list of all possible types for each network is listed at the bottom of this article.
This id has to match one of the columns specified by the QQL query. This includes renames or 'aliases'. For our example, the ids here are just 'name' and 'fans'. However, if in the QQL code we had written 'fans AS fanCount' then we would put 'fanCount' as the id for the Fans column. Note: id is case-sensitive.
This is how you want the title of the column to be displayed in your visualization. Unlike the aliases/ids, the title can have spaces in it. For example, the title for the Fans column could also have been written as 'Fans Count'.
Simply go back to the config and adjust the widths so the sum is 100%.
hidden is not specified for a column, it is assumed to be false. If this is false, then the column will be displayed when you add this custom metric to your dashboard. If this is true, then the column will not be displayed for this custom metric on the dashboard. However, in the Query Result, Visualization Preview, the full-page view, and the exports for the metric will all show the column. You can also open the setting for the widget and unhide the column without having to change any code.
To get a good sense of the different types and what they actually mean, it would be very useful to go into the Metric Builder of some of our default metrics and check out the config. This way you are able to see what types we use for different columns and what sort of representation they result in.
The column must return a number. If the number is an integer, it will still be displayed as an integer (e.g. 2 would displays as 2, not 2.0).
The columns must return a number. This simply adds a percentage sign (%) at the end of the value. So if the number is a decimal and you select the type in the metadata to be a percent, the system does not convert the decimal into a percentage. E.g. 0.21 would display as 0.21%, not 21%.
The columns must return text.
The countryCode columns must have type country in the metadata.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), createTime (time), message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Facebook Own Posts Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), createTime (time), message, link,attachmentDescription, attachmentHref, attachmentCaption, and attachmentPreviewPicture.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), createTime (time), userName, message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Facebook User Posts Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), createTime (time), userName, message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Facebook Questions Table.
Use this with the 'isPotentiallyPaid' column.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), createTime (time), message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Instagram Posts Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName ('@' || platformUsername), createTime (time), message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Twitter Own and Retweeted Tweets Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName ('@' || platformUsername), createTime (time), userName ('@' || userName), message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Twitter Mentions Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName ('@' || platformUsername), createTime (time), userName ('@' || userName), message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Twitter Questions Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), createTime (time), message, and pinLink into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Pinterest Pins Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName (profiles.name), createTime (time), boardName (pinterestBoards.name), message, and pinLink into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default Pinterest Boards Table.
Use this with the 'createTime' id. This combines the pageName, createTime, message, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default LinkedIn Updates Table.
Use this with the 'publishTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), title, publishTime, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default YouTube Videos Table.
Use this with the 'publishTime' id. This combines the pageName (name), title, publishTime, and link into 1 column. This is the first column you see in our default YouTube Playlists Table.
If serverSide=true, all follow-up requests (this includes when clicking a column header for sorting, or when clicking PREV or NEXT for paging) will be sent to the server-side instead. This is mostly a necessity for all metrics having bigger data sets, as these cannot be handled locally. You'll see that all posts or comments tables have serverSide:true.
On the other hand, metrics like Key Metrics Table, with a low number of rows guaranteed (it's bound to the number of profiles which is never above a few hundreds), will usually have serverSide: false.
To sum it up, tables you will have a large number of rows for are best to have paginate and serverSide both true. However, if you need to be able to sort by different columns or you are sure you won't have a lot of results, then serverSide=false would be okay. paginate=true will result in a page for every 25 results. paginate=false will display all results on one page.
Note: if paginate is false, serverSide must be false.
When this is 'true', it activates the "paging" over pages of 25 items each. So entries are cut after 25, and the next posts will be on the following page. This has no relation to the serverSide setting. When it is 'false', all results will show on the same page.
sortBy is where you specify which id you would like to sort the table by, and sortDir is where you specify in which direction you want it sorted: either ascending (ASC) or descending (DESC). In the example above we sort by 'fans' DESC. This means the table will list the profiles and their fan count from largest fan count to smallest.
You have the option to add a summary line to the bottom of your table showing the sum or average value of each column. ∑ represents a sum while x̅ represents an average.
Note: Currently, the summary line does not work for tables with "paginate: true"
This will apply to all columns and will sum or average the values depending on the column type. Integers and booleans will be summed, while the other types (percent, decimal, etc.) will be averaged.
You can also add more detail to how you want the summary line, like which columns to apply it to and whether you want sum or average for each column.


text:
Brighton v Posh: Match Preview
Posh look to bounce back from the defeat at Sheffield Wednesday when they travel to Brighton.
Peterborough United travel to the Amex Stadium on Tuesday evening (7.45pm) to face Brighton and Hove Albion in the npower Championship.
Darren Ferguson's men will be looking to bounce back from the 2-1 defeat at Sheffield Wednesday at the weekend, while the Seagulls were held to a 2-2 draw with Leeds United in the televised Championship fixture on Friday night.
Posh will be without the services of young defender Kgosi Ntlhe who sustained a serious injury at Hillsborough. He will undergo a scan to determine the full extent of the injury on Thursday.
Tommy Rowe is unlikely to be fit for the fixture so Joe Newell is favourite to take the left-wing back role. Striker Emile Sinclair has a 'small chance' of making the substitutes bench after a spell on the sidelines with a thigh injury.
Ferguson said: 'Brighton are a big club, they have a tremendous fan base and they play good football, so it will be a test for us, but we are looking forward to it. I have watched the video back from Saturday and I felt we were in control for long periods of that game, but we lost concentration for the first goal.
'I felt we were unfortunate to lose at the Amex last season, the lad Harley scored an unbelievable free-kick that day. Obviously we will be coming up against Craig Mackail-Smith again, everybody knows what a good player he is and he was a pleasure to work with at Peterborough,' Ferguson said.
The game is ALL-TICKET for Posh fans with tickets on sale until 12pm on Tuesday. Just under 200 had been sold up until 2.30pm on Monday.


Seller - 8,345+ items sold. 0.4% negative feedback. Great seller with very good positive feedback and over 50 ratings.
8,345+ items sold. 0.4% negative feedback. Great seller with very good positive feedback and over 50 ratings.


Is the Cremation Society licensed by the State of Georgia?
Home / Frequently Asked Questions / Is the Cremation Society licensed by the State of Georgia?
Yes. SouthCare Cremation & Funeral Society™ has an establishment license and employs licensed funeral directors and embalmers to offer quality services and merchandise.