text:
In a good paddock
by Dr Sarah Engledow, 1 March 2011
Celebrating a new painted portrait of Joseph Banks, Sarah Engledow spins a yarn of the naturalist, the first kangaroo in France and Don, a Spanish ram.
Sir Joseph Banks, c. 1788 by Benjamin West, John Raphael Smith
Joseph Banks was 25 when he sailed with James Cook on the Endeavour. At 35 he became President of the Royal Society. He was 36 when his support for the idea of Botany Bay as a site for a new English penal settlement made that settlement eventuate
Joseph Banks was born to Lincolnshire landowners in 1743 and grew up on his father's estate, Revesby. At Eton, he became interested in botany, but at Oxford, he found that there was no one who could lecture him in the subject – so he paid for a lecturer to come from Cambridge. By 1764, at nineteen, Banks had come into his inheritance, and set up his bachelor lodgings in New Burlington Street. Two years later, he made the first of his dedicated botanizing excursions, to Newfoundland and Labrador, where James Cook had been serving in the Navy. Banks left Oxford without having gained his degree, but he was elected to the Royal Society nonetheless, in 1766.
At the age of twenty-five, he let the council of the Royal Society know that he wished to join the voyage of the Endeavour. Along with a substantial cash contribution to the costs of the voyage, the mere request was enough to gain him a berth on what was truly, for those who survived it, the 'cruise of a lifetime'. Between August 1768 and July 1771, Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander collected hundreds of specimens of plants and animals of the South Seas, and Banks, at least, left much of his own seed abroad. Like Cook, he and Solander both became ill in Batavia; Banks, though terribly low himself, sat up all night with the critically ill Solander, and brought him through.
Banks's status as one of the great stars of eighteenth century London scarcely fluctuated from the moment he came back to England in the summer of 1771 until his death in 1820. Soon after he returned, Benjamin West painted him attired in and surrounded by an assortment of splendid souvenirs from his Pacific voyage. Banks sat to Joshua Reynolds in the early months of 1772, as he was preparing to go on Cook's next great expedition, on the Resolution, which was to be renovated to accommodate Banks's extensive retinue and equipment. When Banks's modifications, having rendered the ship unseaworthy, were dismantled, 'Mr Banks declared his resolution not to go the Voyage, aledging that the Sloop was neither roomy nor convenient enough for his purpose,' as Cook put it. Not long after the Resolution got under way, Cook wrote to Banks expressing his regret at the fiasco. Banks set off with Daniel Solander and a French chef to the Isle of Wight, Scotland and Iceland, retaining a lifelong interest in the latter.
At the time of the Resolution's departure in June 1772, Banks had sulkily predicted 'distress and disappointment' as the chief outcomes of the expedition. While certainly distressing at times, not least for the sensitive and volatile German botanist, Johann Forster, the voyage was far from disappointing. Amongst other triumphs, Cook lost only one man out of 118 on an exceptionally arduous three-year journey, much of it in icy southern waters. Having acted like a goose at the outset of the voyage, Banks must have had mixed feelings about its success, and in particular about re-encountering Cook, covered in glory, in London. His dear Solander, however, was an effective intermediary. On 1 August 1775 he told Banks that Cook had just returned; 'he said nothing could have added to the satisfaction he has had in making this tour but having had your company.' Banks and Cook dined together at the Philosophers' Club several times in 1776; around that time, Banks commissioned the well-known portrait of Cook by Nathaniel Dance, to hang in his Soho Square library.
Though he had had a better time than most abroad, and Reynolds's 1772 portrait is inscribed cras ingens iterabimus aequor ('tomorrow we'll sail the vasty deep again'), by and large, after his short excursions with Solander, Banks stayed at home in London and Lincolnshire. In his biography of Banks, novelist Patrick O'Brian evokes the turning point:
There are many types of marine creatures, including the barnacle and the oyster, the very types of sedentary unstirring life, that have an active free-swimming youth; they when they are still quite young something comes over them – they find a convenient place, settle there, change shape, and never move again.
In his remaining years of bachelorhood, Banks lived with Solander; together, they picked over their huge store of specimens and curiosities, went on fishing trips with friends and 'ladies of pleasure', and entertained in the home of Banks's mistress, Mrs Walls. Banks was cut to the heart when his learned and noble friend died in 1782. After marrying in 1779, he lived with his wife Dorothea Hugessen and his sister, Sarah Sophia. They were all to change shape together, in fact, expanding harmoniously over the years (this we know, as Banks kept a set of scales, enjoying recording the weights of his friends and family). O'Brian writes that the marriage 'seems to have been thoroughly suitable and, unencumbered by children, thoroughly happy'.
Having served from 1773 as a 'kind of superintendent' of the Kew Gardens, in the serious development of which, in fact, he played a crucial role, Joseph Banks became President of the Royal Society in 1778. The same year came the first blockbuster temporary exhibition of the British Museum, of which Banks was a Trustee, and Solander Keeper of the Natural History Collections. It was a display of South Seas material brought back from Cook's voyages. Having been established in 1753, the Museum only hit its stride with Banks as an advocate; henceforth, it developed alongside the Royal Society and reflected its areas of enquiry.
In April 1779, just a few weeks after Banks married, he gave evidence before a House of Commons committee on transportation, strongly recommending Botany Bay as a suitable place for a new penal settlement – much needed, with America in revolt. The historian John Gascoigne explains that the period between the end of the American war of independence in 1783 to the instalment of Henry Bathurst as secretary of state for the colonies in 1812 was one in which colonial issues were haphazardly directed. It was for this reason that Banks, being both President of the Royal Society and one of the few Europeans who had actually seen the east coast of Australia, became the government's chief adviser on New South Wales. Incredibly, there was no department, agency or even person formally responsible for coordinating anything like a 'strategic plan' for the new colony. For its first two decades, from 1788 to about 1810, Banks held no official post but his role as effective head of Australian affairs was widely acknowledged. He was a patron of William Bligh, Matthew Flinders and others; and his tremendous interest in Australian natural history was sustained through correspondence and traffic in specimens with successive early governors of New South Wales. Hunter, in particular, shared his interest in natural history and exploration.
One of Banks's first great causes, as President of the Royal Society, was the appropriate commemoration of Cook, news of whose death reached London in January 1780. After four years' delay, Cook was commemorated in a medal, issued in gold, silver and bronze, bearing the inscription Iac Cook oceani investigator acerrrimus ('James Cook, most intrepid investigator of the seas'). Never before had, and never since has, the Royal Society marked the death of one of its members in this way. The medal's profile portrait of Cook was soon replicated in a print by Thomas Cook, surrounded by an engraved border of flaring coarse hair reminiscent of Hawaiian dog-tail fur.
Banks was convinced New South Wales, put on the world map by Cook, had the potential to be much more than a human dump and a drain on the Empire. 'It is impossible to conceive that such a body of land, as large as all Europe ... situated in a most fruitful climate, should not produce some native raw material of importance to a manufacturing country as England is', he wrote. He had sent a number of plants out to New South Wales with the First Fleet. He tried to send more in 1789 on the Guardian, which he'd had fitted out with a special 'plant cabbin'; it was wrecked, but he succeeded with the similarly equipped Gorgon in 1791. That year, he was able to display some 'very good ears of corn' grown in New South Wales, and he soon sent more plants out, speculating that 'in a climate similar to that of the South of France which Botany Bay probably is' the vegetables he'd selected would be 'highly useful'.
Lincolnshire, Banks's ancestral seat, had been wool country since the fourteenth century, although the wool-based fortunes of Lincoln and Boston had waxed and waned. In the late eighteenth century there were renewed efforts to drain the fens of the area through a system of canals. As the sopping land dried off, pasture emerged. Banks was urged to become a member of the Lincolnshire Wool Committee in 1782, and from that point on, became keenly interested in sheep, particularly merinos (the volume The sheep and wool correspondence of Joseph Banks runs to nearly 700 pages). Through Banks's negotiations with a French friend, the first batch of sheep scuttled from Provence to the coast and arrived at Dover on 3 January 1788. These beasts comprised the first lineup of His Majesty's Spanish Flock, in which Banks was to become passionately involved. (In return, Banks sent his agent a kangaroo, France's first, which arrived a couple of weeks before the fall of the Bastille in July 1789.) Some of the king's beasts were obtained through negotiation with Spain, Portugal and France. A good proportion, however, were smuggled to England, including 'Don', the most-publicised individual ram of the Spanish flock, who was spirited ashore from the Betsy in 1790.
It is largely down to Banks's personal enthusiasm for merinos that specimens of the breed were established in Australia within a couple of decades of English settlement. The first of their kind came to Australia from Cape Town in 1797; John Macarthur bought a few, and put them amongst his existing stock. On 9 July 1801 came a moment that decided the course of Australian history. Along with the returning governor, John Hunter, a box of fleeces from John Macarthur's farm in New South Wales had come to London on the Buffalo. Banks examined them with his fellow expert, Henry Lacocke, and the pair found them promising. John Macarthur made personal representations to Banks in London in 1803, at which he emphasised that colonial flocks would free English woollen manufacturers from their risky dependence on Spanish fibre. Banks did not take to Macarthur personally; amongst other things, Macarthur had recently shot one of Banks's friends in a duel. However, Macarthur was able to purchase seven rams and three ewes at the first public auction of merinos, supervised by Banks, near the Pagoda at Kew Gardens on 15 August 1804. Six of the animals survived to land at Sydney on 7 July 1805.
For a long and dispiriting time, it seemed that there would be no opportunity for the National Portrait Gallery to acquire a painted portrait of Banks, although many fine prints representing him in various phases of his life have been purchased and donated. For the inaugural hang of the Gallery in 2008, the National Portrait Gallery, London, lent Reynolds's priceless painting from 1772. Thomas Phillips's 1808 portrait of Banks as President of the Royal Society, which has been on loan to the Gallery from the Mitchell Library, Sydney, was originally commissioned by the Spanish astronomer and Fellow of the Royal Society, Jose Mendoza y Rios, a fellow of the Royal Society (who translated for Spanish shepherds Banks brought to England). He gave it to Banks, who liked it, and commissioned several copies, one of which still hangs in the Royal Society. The National Portrait Gallery, London, and the Linnaean Society both have versions of a portrait Thomas Phillips painted in 1810, with Banks seated, leaning slightly forward, his gaze direct and his right hand on his walking stick. The work acquired by the National Portrait Gallery is a copy of Thomas Phillips's 1814 portrait, commissioned by the Corporation of Boston and now in the Boston Guildhall Museum in Lincolnshire. With a fen drainage plan in his left hand and papers at his elbow, Banks wears the uniform of the Lincolnshire Supplemental Militia, in which he had briefly been Lieutenant-Colonel, set off with the insignia of the Red Ribbon of the Order of the Bath, awarded to him by the King in 1795. Phillips became a fellow of the Royal Society himself in 1819, a year before Banks's death and the end of his record reign as President. He painted his last, posthumous portrait of Banks in 1820, for the Royal Horticultural Society. That work, naturally, gestured at Banks's botanical passions.
The list of events that transpired in Joseph Banks's lifetime is scarcely credible. The time and place in which he lived gave him, like Cook, unrivalled opportunity to exercise his talents. Amidst the stellar figures propelling the Western world into modernity – and he knew a few of them – Banks was a steady, shining light. Despite his eminence, he retained an attractive quality of diffidence, consistent with his 'very great capacity for friendship' and his indifference to the age or social class of his friends. At the last, sure in the knowledge that he would die in his much-loved England, the man asked only to be buried, with no monument, 'in the Church or Church yard of the Parish in which I shall happen to die.' It happened to be in Heston, where his grave is unmarked, but a tablet, officiously installed in the mid-nineteenth century, records his illustrious presence in the nearby ground
Joseph Banks, 1774 by Sir Joshua Reynolds, William Dickinson
Captain James Cook FRS, 1784 by Thomas Cook
Portrait of Sir Joseph Banks, c. 1814 by Thomas Phillips
Portrait of Sir Joseph Banks, president of the Royal Society, 1812 by N Schiavonetti after Thomas Phillips
View the full set of images
By Dr Sarah Engledow
Sir Joseph Banks KCB
Magazine article, Portrait 34
To the end of the earth
The portrait of Dr. Johann Reinhold Forster and his son George Forster from 1780, is one of the oldest in the NPG's collection.
Thrown together
Shipmates for years, James Cook and Joseph Banks each kept a journal but neither man shed light on their relationship.
March - May 2011
Portrait magazine
By Shaun Gladwell
Australian artist Shaun Gladwell discusses his portraits of champion athletes.
National Photographic Portrait Prize curator, Sarah Engledow, finds reward in a difficult task and ultimately uncovers the essence of portraiture.
By Joanna Gilmour
Representations of the inhabitants of the new world expose the complexities of the colonisers' intentions.
By Alistair McGhie
The photographs from Matthew Sleeth's tour of duty series look more like advertisements than images of war.
True fella
By Michael Desmond
Michael Desmond profiles the Australian songwriter and performer Neil Murray and his contribution to Australian music.
The essence of you
By Lee Tulloch
Lee Tulloch remembers her great friend NIDA-trained actor turned photographer Stuart Campbell.
Surfer artist rockstar
By Dr Christopher Chapman
Christopher Chapman talks with Scott Redford about his character Reinhardt Dammn.
Less than six degrees of separation
By Dr Anne Sanders
Anne Sanders finds connections in Inner Worlds between Hungarian expatriates and the development of psychoanalysis in Australia.


text:
Firefox Legacy Add-on removal from Mozilla AMO
by Martin Brinkmann on August 21, 2018 in Firefox - 61 comments
Mozilla revealed plans today to remove so-called legacy add-ons from the organization's repository site for extensions Mozilla AMO.
Mozilla AMO hosts legacy add-ons and WebExtensions currently; going forward, Mozilla wants to purge legacy add-ons from the site as those are no longer compatible with any supported version of the Firefox web browser.
Legacy add-ons is a broad term that refers to extensions, themes, and other content that is no longer supported by recent versions of the Firefox web browser.
Mozilla switched from the classic add-ons system for Firefox to a system that is based on WebExtensions with the release of Firefox 57.
Currently, Firefox ESR 52.x is the only supported version of the Firefox web browser that supports legacy add-ons. All other Firefox versions that Mozilla supports, be it Stable, Beta, or Nightly, support only WebExtensions.
With no supported version of Firefox still supporting legacy add-ons, Mozilla will remove these extensions from the site to streamline it.
Third-party browsers based on Firefox code may continue to support Firefox legacy add-ons, and some users of Firefox made the decision to block browser updates to avoid having legacy add-ons disabled automatically by new versions of the browser.
The timeline the organization published today is as follows:
September 6, 2018 -- Submissions for new legacy add-on versions are disabled. Mozilla does not accept submissions for new add-ons that use legacy add-on systems already. The change affects extension updates.
Early October 2018 -- All legacy add-ons are disabled. Disabled means that they won't show up anymore on Mozilla AMO but are still available in the backend.
Since the extensions are still listed on AMO, add-on developers may publish updates that transform their legacy add-ons into WebExtensions. The extensions would get published on the add-ons store again when that happens and users who had these installed -- and not removed yet -- will receive the updates so that they can use the extension once again.
Attempts are underway to preserve the classic add-ons archive. These projects have about six weeks to create an archive of all legacy add-ons still available on Mozilla AMO to preserve it.
Statistics about the purging would be interesting; how many legacy add-ons, separated into extensions and themes, are removed in October 2018, and how many WebExtensions remain in Store.
The removal of legacy add-ons from Mozilla Add-ons marks an end of an era. While some long standing extensions have been migrated to WebExtensions, lots of extensions were not for a variety of reasons.
Some are abandoned, others can't be ported because the provided APIs don't allow certain functionality, and some extension developers may have decided not to port their extensions.
Whatever the reason, the removal marks the end of extensions such as Classic Theme Restorer, DownThemAll, ChatZilla or FirefFTP, and all full themes released for the web browser.
It makes sense from Mozilla's perspective to hide these add-ons from Mozilla AMO to avoid user confusion; still, a part of web history and Firefox's history is removed by the move.
How to find replacements for Firefox legacy add-ons
How to move Firefox legacy extensions to another browser
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Anonymous said on August 21, 2018 at 7:19 pm
F*ck off Mozilla! You disable your own add-ons and browser!
Mike said on August 21, 2018 at 7:32 pm
I already backed up and downloaded every add-on I wanted to keep
RogerW said on August 21, 2018 at 8:07 pm
One Legacy Add-On I really miss is StartupMaster(https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/startupmaster/) that made use of the old master password api and gave a security dongle like feature i.e. browser won't open until the correct master password was entered on startup. The dev was really awesome, timely updating his add-on and even responding to support emails.
He even reported it to Mozilla (a year back) but as usual their team response is still quite equivocal (5 days back). https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1359182
pintassilgo said on August 21, 2018 at 8:17 pm
"All other Firefox versions that Mozilla supports, be it Stable, Beta, or Nightly, support only WebExtensions."
Nightly and Developer Edition still support [extensions.legacy.enabled = true]. Bootstrapped extensions, the last legacy type that still works, will be removed when Developer Edition reaches v64. Then there will be two ways to run legacy code: WebExtension Experiments and AutoConfig (what userChrome.css is for CSS, AutoConfig is for JS).
S.Spade said on August 21, 2018 at 11:08 pm
Seems to me like a big "Fuck off you all-time-users."
Time to get some cash on our privcate accaount. Therefore we have to deny our early originally aims. Enjoy yourself!
Anonymous said on August 22, 2018 at 12:11 am
Mozilla is paid by Google, that sounds logical that they decided to force their large number of unpaid extension developers to redo from scratch all their hard work in order for it to become compatible with Google Chrome, or see it destroyed.
Nebulus said on August 22, 2018 at 1:02 am
I really dislike this move by Mozilla, but after all it is their product and their servers, so it is their decision to make. All we can do is to download and store copies of the extensions we might need in the future.
zack said on October 16, 2018 at 8:33 am
That's BS. Google operates illegally as a monopoly under antitrust laws on our books and unenforced because our government has become coopted and corrupted by getting a free lunch stealing innovation and content from the masses without reimbursing them. In fact, I think it should even go further, we need reparations. At the minimum, It should be broken up and portions of it applying to business critical for infrastructure nationalized. That will accelerate innovations and prevent corporate capture of critical aspects of our economy. Google was made by countless individuals, with contributions of the entire society….to say it is "owned" by anyone is nonsense. Forcing these things on people is a symptom of a very deep problem..
AmberLight said on August 22, 2018 at 1:10 am
That's not good; so that will block Waterfox and PaleMoon users from having any kind of interaction with legacy extensions other than those that those users backup and store for themselves.
Dilemma–Yes, for FF NOW it makes sense to crush the competition by eliminating one reason why users prefer other Firefox based browsers; on the other hand, not providing ample time and/or even offering to help create an archive for, perhaps, millions of users is a bit harsh.
Angel of Change is everday.
TelV said on August 22, 2018 at 11:04 am
There's a discussion on Github about the Waterfox dev creating his own legacy extensions repository: https://github.com/MrAlex94/Waterfox/issues/303
But for now, the Classic Add-Ons Archive Martin mentioned is a good alternative.
tom42 said on August 25, 2018 at 8:16 pm
Classic Add-Ons Archive is just a DB with URLs to firefox's servers. If Firefox removes the files Classic Add-Ons Archive will no longer work
Antonio said on August 22, 2018 at 11:52 am
"FF NOW it makes sense to crush the competition by eliminating one reason why users prefer other Firefox based browsers;"
and at the same time by to jeopardize the competition by eliminating one reason why users prefer Firefox over other browsers.
Alex said on August 22, 2018 at 12:07 pm
https://addons.palemoon.org/
Robert Ab said on August 23, 2018 at 7:51 am
Many addons are missing. For example, Session Manager
Don Gateley said on August 24, 2018 at 2:44 am
I am deeply dependent on Session Manager. I cannot suffer its loss. If the Waterfox addon repository excepts it I am fucked. Is there a web extension that can accomplish what it does?
I've never understood why Session Manager was not incorporated to be native to FF.
@Don Gateley
They are replacement session managers, but there are not up to task, since required APIs are not completed yet. I would wait 1-2 years: I would use the newest Waterfox or Firefox 56.0.2 together with Session Manager for that time (Watefox will create new profile during installation and copy all setting from Firefox profile; thus Firefox would be unchanged).
Make sure that you are archiving Firefox/Waterfox profiles every some time, just in the case of browser failure (profile contain Session Manager program and session data) (since profile is huge you can use WinRAR, WinZip or other similar software to compress storage archive).
Tab Session Manager is the closest Session Manager replacement, but it is unreliable, you can loose sessions.
Session Sync and MySessions have better scores, but they have limited options and they use Firefox bookmark system to store sessions (Session Sync partly is using also webextension storage being a part of Firefox).
Session Boss – I am not sure how it saves sessions, it is also unreliable.
Some mentioned session managers can import sessions from Session Manager files.
Check this pages:
https://www.reddit.com/r/firefox/comments/7m8nvx/can_session_manager_tab_session_manager_coexist/drslt43/
https://github.com/sienori/Tab-Session-Manager/issues/131
https://www.reddit.com/r/waterfox/new/
https://blog.waterfoxproject.org/
There are several articles about Watefox on ghacks.net as well.
Alex said on August 24, 2018 at 11:42 am
Firefox already includes a rudimentary session manager. As with all browser functions, if you need extended Firefox functionality you can just install one of the many available extensions.
Maybe this Quantum-compatible addon will do the trick: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/my-sessions/?src=search
@Robert Ab
You can't expect them to verify and add every extension on the planet. Also, for extensions to be uploaded there some requirements exist (it needs to specifically target Pale Moon, for example) and the collaboration of the original author might be required. This is not always possible.
Go to Session Manager's website, download it, install it and keep it. It works perfectly.
slumbergod said on August 22, 2018 at 1:20 am
How to kill your user base and alienate your loyal followers. Mozilla Firefox.
Anonymous said on September 1, 2018 at 9:00 pm
Minority Report looms ever nearer… we'd be wise to pay mind that "usermode only" world is the intended destination. Bit by bit. This is but one of those bits. Continue on the present course and we absolutely will find our lives lived only through in a shell of advertising and consumeristic control.
Knowledge is free… imagine we leak it all!?
k said on August 22, 2018 at 1:45 am
What about Firefox Android add-ons?
XenoSilvano said on August 22, 2018 at 1:50 am
well, I guess this definitively marks the end of an era, I had been keeping the following add-ons in the hope that they would be made into web-extensions one day, no point in holding on to them any more, goodbye:
Webfilter | Tweak network | Tinyurl Generator | The Addon Bar | Session manager | Self-destructing Cookies | Restart | RequestPolicy | OpenAttribute | Mobile Barcoder | Loading Bar | Fasterfox | EasyAccent | DownThemAll! | Download Status Bar | Desktop Notification for Android | Cleanest Addon Manager | Classic Theme Restorer | BugMeNot Plugin | BetterPrivacy
it has been a while since the addon component of the Firefox web browser had been removed, even though, users have been given time to get accustomed to the switch that took place, I still sorely miss the utility that some of these addons provided
personally, viewing things on the bright side, not all was in vain, some addons were made into web-extensions, new web-extensions were created to substitute the functionality of addons that did not make the transition and other extensions were made available that provide functionality to users in novel ways that were not available through the addon component, therefore, I do not fret, life goes on
Alex said on August 22, 2018 at 1:50 am
Not much left of our good ol' friend, Firefox. Mozilla should also change the browser's name before it's completely destroyed, instead of ruining the memories and reputation of the once fantastic software that it was.
maxa said on August 22, 2018 at 7:56 am
bye bye Mozilla ((((
Juraj M said on August 22, 2018 at 10:43 am
As add-on developer (https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/user/FastAddons/) I understand the hard decision to purge old add-on architecture. The old add-ons could make any changes your browser which many times resolved to:
1) compatibility issues with other add-ons – for add-on developers this is really bad!
2) compatibility issues with new versions of Firefox – this could break your whole Firefox profile
3) security concerns (and long add-ons update times as all changes needed to be reviewed by humans!)
Current new architecture has many advantages, mostly:
1) almost no compatibility issues with other add-ons or Firefox updates – this saves time for all add-on and Firefox developers that can focus on creating new things!
2) standardized API so add-on can be ported to Chrome, Edge, Opera, Vivaldi and many others browsers with minimum changes!
Even when some add-on are missing, there are many new replacements and the rest will come when the missing API is added.
Few years from now, nobody will care about the old add-ons because there will be much more much better add-ons.
"will come when the missing API is added"
Engage the race on one leg then get a prosthesis during the pit stop.
I understand your point of view Juraj M and appreciate that reducing your workload is a good thing, but Mozilla was unfortunately selective as to which addons would receive the API necessary to create a WebExtension version.
For example, Classic Theme Restorer was among those designated as "Won't Fix" simply because Mozilla didn't want users changing the UI by placing tabs below the location bar for example or moving buttons around.
It's things like that which rile users and why many of us have switched to other Firefox forks like Waterfox, Basilisk, Pale Moon etc., rather than any stubborn resistance to switching to WebExtensions.
user17843 said on August 22, 2018 at 1:54 pm
Lots of loyal users of Firefox are just mad at Mozilla for their confusing corporate politics, and lack of empathy regarding what made old Firefox great. Some of their decisions are good, but the way its implementated shows a lack of respect and love for the old users. I hope Brave will make it big next year on Desktop to give Firefox some competition, but I doubt it will happen, as Brave is based on Chromium.
John Fenderson said on August 24, 2018 at 6:13 pm
@user17843
I'm not mad at Firefox, but I am dismayed that they made Firefox into a browser that doesn't meet my needs as well as it used to. And, to be honest, I'm a bit hurt that after all these years Mozilla has decided that they don't want users like me around anymore.
I certainly am not on board with Brave. I have large ethical issues with that browser.
Laurent Paris said on August 22, 2018 at 2:53 pm
@ Juraj M
Changes not being reviewed by humans IS a security concern.
Which means less powerful addons and losing the advantage FF had on other browsers. Targeting only the lowest common denominator may be good for (some) developers, not for the end user.
And until that happens, what we get is a crippled version of what FF addons used to be. We all know APIs for the most powerful addons are far away and some won't be added at all.
"Few years from now" I'm not sure FF will still be relevant.
"compatibility issues with other add-ons"
they're so compatible now that they can't see each other when it could be useful
"compatibility issues with new versions of Firefox"
it's not the first time they promise this and time will probably show that it's a lie this time too
"security concerns (and long add-ons update times as all changes needed to be reviewed by humans!)"
Android and Chrome have proved enough that the permission system is almost useless to prevent malware, considering how bad the situation was there it was pure nonsense to take this as an example of working security. We had enough news already of malware coming to AMO now that extensions are no longer reviewed.
"standardized API so add-on can be ported to Chrome, Edge, Opera, Vivaldi"
Yes they turned extension developers, who were working for free by solidarity with a free software community, into zero cost employees of Google, Microsoft and others. It's great that independent free software is so helpful with its proprietary "competitors".
"the rest will come when the missing API is added"
Why would they add API that make it easier to beat youtube DRM or block Firefox internal google analytics requests ? This won't happen. For Mozilla today, giving more power to web sites and themselves over the browser is their mission, while user chosen code that extensions represent, and the freedom that comes with it, is the enemy.
Problem is some addons don't have alternative at all.
Do you know alternative to unMHT or Downloads Window?
Mozilla themselves said the new Firefox system can't and will not support advanced customizations.
Alex said on August 22, 2018 at 5:36 pm
You can't have alternatives on a browser that cannot and will not support them. There are only alternative browsers if you still wish to use the functions these extensions provide.
Gildas said on August 26, 2018 at 3:04 pm
Hi, I'm the author of SingleFile. I ported it very recently on Firefox. It allows saving page in HTML format instead of MHTML. Maybe it will help you. It can be downloaded here: https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/single-file//
@Juraj M: "the rest will come when the missing API is added."
No, they won't. There are a number of critical capabilities that Mozilla has been very clear won't ever be available in the new scheme.
Maybe (although I have real doubts), but that doesn't help things right now.
Download link to the latest version of the Classic Add-Ons Archive released July 11 for anyone who doesn't have it yet: https://github.com/JustOff/ca-archive/releases
gh said on August 22, 2018 at 3:44 pm
Bear in mind that the downloadable "Classic Add-Ons Archive" contains –ZERO– actual extensions. It just provides an html page front end for downloading from the (slated to be purged soon) mozilla trove.
TelV said on August 23, 2018 at 1:46 pm
Not really since the Waterfox dev has already offered to host the entire archive: https://github.com/MrAlex94/Waterfox/issues/303#issuecomment-366220487
that's only catalog.
as soon as AMO closed the legacy addons download, the catalog would be useless
syl said on August 22, 2018 at 1:18 pm
This is good, performance from Stylo+WebRender surpasses 200,000 worth of XUL/XPCOM extensions
When speed improvements could be noticed it was mostly because they had suddenly disabled most of addons.
Not completely true. Firefox 56 was already REALLY FAST, and also supported legacy addons.
But I can agree that removal of support for XUL addons is necessary for further browser improvements. Just first Mozilla should provide WebExtension developers of fifty the most popular addons with sufficient APIs.
John Fenderson said on August 24, 2018 at 10:23 pm
@syl
Not for me, honestly. The speed improvements aren't a big deal for me at all, but the loss of functionality that came with the extension change is.
I'll backup all the addons I'm currently using but I'll probably miss others that may be useful and will never be replaced so I hope Waterfox gets its own repository.
Now it makes sense for Mozilla to remove extensions that are no longer compatible but I still can't figure out why they would kill the legacy addons before providing the necessary API to convert them (if that ever happens). That warped sense of priorities essentially destroyed the browser's main advantage.
Google sabotaging the project from the inside sounds like a conspiracy theory but I can't think of another reason except sheer idiocy. I'm not sure which is the most generous explanation.
Farid Le Fleur said on August 23, 2018 at 4:12 pm
@Laurent Paris
Actually it is no conspiracy theory. Just look what Mozilla has done since Australis…
Changing their browser that it becomes the perfect replacement for Google Chrome in all kind of ways – therefor removing all "bloat" (aka. customization) as Chrome users are not interested in using anything "bloated". And a big part of guidance for this "new and improved way" has come from the side of Google who have been coming for Mozilla's "aid and benefit".
But the only thing in which Google is really interested is destroying the competition. Which has worked rather fine with Mozilla AND Opera :D
And sadly both developer teams have been too dense and too naive to fall for this.
Goodbye Mozilla – Welcome Google dominated Mozilla-legacy-wave-abusing pseudo-Mozilla.
Sebas said on August 22, 2018 at 8:13 pm
Downloaded all legacy extensions with FEBE backup and imported them in Waterfox.
John said on August 22, 2018 at 10:22 pm
Problem is that many legacy users will remove Firefox from their computers.
davidb said on August 23, 2018 at 12:54 am
wow I really begin to hate mozilla and all they are working towards. They have gone from the benevlent underdog to the innovating powerhouse to the sniveling sellout in about a decade.
I will continue to use the alternatives that are available until some real competition is released. Not going back to anything Mozilla run however. If you find something that works they wont rest until they find it and disable it for whatever flavor of the month reason they can think of.
But APIs are not ready yet.
I guess planning geniuses are working at Mozilla. Instead of delivering WE APIs for the most important XUL addons before any other changes, they are deciding first to remove support for them in Firefox 57 and then removing these addons from API.
Session management API was said that it will be ready in Q3 2018, now is being moved to 2019. What next: 2022, or maybe 2222?
Mozilla plans for APIs:
https://trello.com/b/PC9kB14s/add-ons-pipeline
https://wiki.mozilla.org/Add-ons/Projects#New_WebExtension_APIs
https://trello.com/b/DIAGSKnM/extensions-and-themes-2018-planning
https://trello.com/c/elTMzfQ6/126-session-management-api
https://trello.com/c/9MPvOfqE/77-hide-tabstrip
https://trello.com/c/FcmMCmDp/110-hiding-the-tab-bar
https://trello.com/c/oIS6g1ia/74-toolbar-api
https://blog.mozilla.org/addons/2018/06/21/add-ons-at-the-san-francisco-all-hands-meeting/#comment-225280
https://trello.com/c/dyUKgHJJ/39-new-webextension-api-development
https://trello.com/c/OaPiGkxa/70-file-system-support
https://trello.com/c/1tkj4W8O/23-file-system-access-api
https://trello.com/c/CXlMYPEN/85-storagelocal-backend-change-to-indexeddb
Laurent Paris said on August 24, 2018 at 5:48 am
So, what sticks out of this mess is an alarming amount of telemetry, the "big vision" is all about discoverability and marketing (rather than actually improving extensions), some theming improvements (still far from catching up with the possibilities of old FF), more support dropped for unlawful stuff… you really have to dig to find anything exciting.
Oh yeah, a session management API! Maybe we'll get a decent manager next year. Maybe in a couple of years, the devs who gave up on FF will get enough crumbs to build an inferior version of what they had previously created. Maybe the users will still be there too.
Robert Ab said on August 24, 2018 at 5:52 pm
Exactly: marketing, marketing, marketing…
Bitter Netizen said on August 25, 2018 at 1:29 pm
And we will never meet again, ever, Firezilla.
bawldiggle said on August 28, 2018 at 8:48 am
Early October 2018 — All legacy add-ons are disabled. Disabled means that they won't show up anymore on Mozilla AMO but are still available in the backend.
Is there public access to "backend" ? If so how and where ?
TelV said on September 5, 2018 at 4:39 pm
@bawldiggle,
Switch to Waterfox and then you can use the Classic addons DB which will become available shortly: https://www.reddit.com/comments/8qsnqx
Bill said on September 5, 2018 at 2:25 pm
Martin, you said that "Currently, Firefox ESR 52.x is the only supported version of the Firefox web browser that supports legacy add-ons. All other Firefox versions that Mozilla supports, be it Stable, Beta, or Nightly, support only WebExtensions."
This is not true.
If you go into "about:config" and make sure that "legacy.extensions.enabled" is set to "True", then the various legacy extensions will work, certainly up to Firefox version 56.*.
For any later versions of Firefox, this command may have to be put in.
Hope this helps others out there who still have legacy extensions that they want to use.
Martin Brinkmann said on September 5, 2018 at 2:58 pm
Firefox 56.x and prior are not supported anymore by Mozilla.
Amy said on September 14, 2018 at 3:35 am
Wow. Foolish move. When that happens it's bye bye Firefox. Hello Vivaldi.
Coco said on September 23, 2018 at 1:28 pm
I'm using Firefox 56.02. If it's affected in any way I will be using Vivaldi exclusively. I see no point in adding insult to injury. Most of the people who no longer use Firefox have already abandoned ship because Quantum killed so called 'legacy' extensions. So now Firefox wants to make things even worse by completely removing 'legacies' from their database altogether? Wow. Way to help CHROME be the top browser. SMH.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The government has announced it will deduct 1.5 percent housing levy from all employees beginning next month.
In a notice published in local newspapers on Tuesday, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development says the first contribution will be due by May 9th.
"Both the employer and employee shall each contribute 1.5% of the employee's monthly basic salary, provided that the sum of the total monthly contributions shall not exceed Sh5,000. Voluntary contributions may also be made to the scheme at a minimum of Sh2,000 per month," the ministry says in the notice.
Employers are required to deduct and remit the levy by 9th of each succeeding month together with other payroll statutory deductions.
Under the housing scheme, President Kenyatta's administration is seeking to put up 500,000 low-cost houses by 2022.
The housing levy takes effect months after the court temporarily suspended its implementation pending the hearing and determination of a case filed by the Central Organization of Trade Unions (COTU).
In its petition, Cotu opposed the implementation of the levy on grounds that it is unconstitutional and amounts to double taxation.
The court said it is illegal. How are they going to deduct an illegal tax. We are the nation of laws.
A government that cannot account 65% of the tax revenues wants to tax us even more. The boy in statehouse is clueless. Worst president ever!
Why doesn't gov.take time to educate people on such important matters! We have been conned in many schemes which promise good returns & they sounded just as good as this one! What guarantee is there that you'll own the house you've been paying for all those years? Kukimbiza vitu bila mpango tu!


text:
Q: UIImagePicker giving runtime error Here is my code. I have implemented UIImagePicker but at run time it does not show me the dialogue box for permission to access gallery in simulator
@IBOutlet var uploadImage: UIImageView!

@IBAction func upldImageBtn(sender: UIButton) {
    imagePicker.allowsEditing = false
    imagePicker.sourceType = .PhotoLibrary

    presentViewController(imagePicker, animated: true, completion: nil)
}

func imagePickerController(picker: UIImagePickerController, didFinishPickingMediaWithInfo info: [String : AnyObject]) {
    if let pickedImage = info[UIImagePickerControllerOriginalImage] as? UIImage{
    uploadImage.contentMode = .ScaleAspectFill
    uploadImage.image = pickedImage
    uploadImage.layer.borderWidth = 0.5
    uploadImage.layer.masksToBounds = false
    uploadImage.layer.cornerRadius = uploadImage.frame.size.height/2
    uploadImage.clipsToBounds = true
    }

    dismissViewControllerAnimated(true, completion: nil)
}

A: Try resetting the simulator.
The option is available in the Menu -> iOS Simulator -> Reset Content and Settings...
If that does not help, please post details of the runtime error you are seeing.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


What Other MBA Programs Are You Applying To?
B-schools are keen to know who they are competing against. They want to see how serious you are about eventually matriculating at their school. They want to know how applicants view the correlation between programs but also if you are using the school as a backup or safe school.
Note that this question is pretty much asked by MBA programs who have been burned by their "yield" in year's past. That is, the admissions committee extends a lot of invites and only gets a handful of positive replies.
Let's use UCLA Anderson as an illustrative example.
On the UCLA Anderson application, if you list that you are applying to Stanford and Haas, in addition to Anderson, the admissions committee will pretty much know you are using them as a backup. Thus, you'll be under the gun (even more so) to prove to the Anderson adcom that you're serious about the school.
If you do not make compelling reasons for "Why Anderson?", then the negative effect of your "other schools" is magnified. That is, it becomes even more apparent that you are using UCLA Anderson as a backup.
A good way to test the efficacy of your case for "Why Anderson" (on your essays) is this - if you can unplug the "UCLA Anderson" name from the essays and plug back in any other business school, the adcom knows you're not really interested, and will see right through it.
What should you do if you answered "Stanford GSB" and "Berkeley Haas" on your application?
Nothing. Just hang tight and see if you get the interview. Answering "Stanford GSB" and "Berkeley Haas" isn't a deal breaker in the near term, but it could be in the end if you don't play your hand right.
So you got the interview, now what?
During your admissions interview, if you can't get beyond a laundry list of clubs and courses that you "plan" to join at UCLA Anderson, then you playing your requiem. Yes, every school you are applying to has a finance club, but during the interview that is not your concern. Being able to articulate how exactly you will contribute to club X or class Y at Anderson is your challenge on interview day. You have to be over the top on this one, especially if you listed Stanford GSB or Berkeley Haas on your application as your "other schools."
So a bad answer is a laundry list. A good answer is: "Given my fundraising background with the United Way as well as my lifelong participation in club sports, I plan on joining Anderson's Challenge 4 Charity. I hope to gain a position on C4C's board as we work with Special Olympics and each Section to raise our volunteer hours and funds. I know we can retake the Golden Briefcase from USC Marshall during the C4C Olympics at Stanford." with "pull through" issues or low acceptance rates of extended offers know that they are going to get dinged in the rankings. They are keen to see that you are serious.
Your ability to articulate clear reasons why you need an MBA, your short and longer term goals and why you need to get that MBA now as opposed to a year from now.
If you do not have clear reasons for wanting to go to a particular school, the adcom will see through it. They review thousands of applications, they have a pretty good BS detector. On paper you might be qualified, but in reality you might be overqualified. That is, you look like an applicant who considers themselves too good for the school in question.
If you are interested in mock interview services or any of our consulting services, please email us at mba@amerasiaconsulting.com. This is how we think about the process - from every angle. It's not enough to know yourself and the story you want to tell, you have to understand the challenges, obligations, and desires of your audience as well. We're here to help with all that and we do it at a higher level than anyone out there.


The refreshing burst of a grape sports drink is a flavor that's unmistakable. Cool and crisp, fruity and fresh, Purple ADE E-Juice mimics the taste of a purple sports drink so well that you'll forget you're vaping. From start to finish, this juice embodies pure grape goodness. When you open a bottle of Purple ADE, the first thing that hits you is the sweet smell of grapes. The next thing you notice is the liquid's cool purple tint as you drip or fill up your tank. As you vape Purple ADE E-Liquid, you'll taste the essence of a just-picked bunch of plump purple grapes on both the inhale and the exhale. This wicked mix has a 70/30 VG/PG ratio that consistently churns up thick clouds. It comes in a 60 ml unicorn bottle, so it's easy to store and pour.
For an intense flavor experience, buy Purple ADE E-Juice today.
Nice amount of juice per bottle and as previously stated taste just like Gatorade, quite remarkable I would have to say!!
This tastes like grape Gatorade. Exactly like grape Gatorade. They knocked this out of the park. Perfect bottle too!


text:
Warren Worthington III ( Angel / Archangel )
Species: Human (mutant)
Creators: Jack Kirby, Stan Lee
Associated Teams: Champions of Los Angeles, Cheyarafim, Defenders/Secret Defenders, Hellfire Club, Renegades, The Four Horsemen, Worthington Industries, X-Factor, X-Men, X-Terminators
Powers: Accelerated Healing Factor, Flight
Published by Marvel Comics
Warren Kenneth Worthington III is a fictional character, a comic book superhero who first appears in the Marvel Comics universe. Originally known as Angel and later Archangel, Worthington is one of the founding members of the X-Men. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist/co-writer Jack Kirby, he first appeared in X-Men (vol. 1) #1 (September 1963).
A mutant, Angel is gifted with a pair of large feathered wings extending from his back enabling him to fly. He is the heir and CEO of the multi-billion dollar Worthington Industries. This privileged background resulted in Warren being stereotyped as an arrogant and fun-loving playboy during his early years with the X-Men, but the trials and tribulations of personal experience have tempered him with humility and deepened his character over the course of time.
One of the original X-Men, Angel has had a frequent presence in X-Men-related comic books throughout the years. He appeared occasionally in X-Men animated series and video games. Angel also appeared in the third film of the X-Men franchise, X-Men: The Last Stand; he was portrayed by Ben Foster.
From his debut in X-Men vol. 1 #1, Angel has frequently appeared throughout most X-Men titles as well as the first series of the Defenders', Champions and the second series of Excalibur.
In the late 1990s he appeared alongside Psylocke in a limited series called Psylocke & Archangel: Crimson Dawn.
He is also one of the main stars in the series X-Men: The Hidden Years which is set in the original X-Men's early days.
In 1996, Marvel also published a one-shot story simply called Archangel, which was written by Peter Milligan.
Warren Worthington III was born in Centerport, New York to Kathryn Worthington and Warren Worthington Jr. He was attending a private school in his adolescence when white, feathered wings began to grow from his shoulder blades. At first Warren felt he was a freak, but he soon learned that he could use his wings to fly and to help people. When there was a fire in his dormitory, he borrowed some props from the school's drama department, dressed up as a "heavenly" angel and rescued his friends. He soon learned that he in fact was a mutant. He donned a mask and costume and called himself the Avenging Angel and became a solo adventurer.
He then began attending the Xavier School For Gifted Youngsters, where Professor Charles Xavier trained young mutants to control their powers and use them for good. Taking the code name Angel, Worthington became one of the original members of the superhero team the X-Men. Along with the rest of the original team, he battled Magneto in the team's first mission.[1]
For a time, he was romantically interested in Jean Grey, but eventually he realized that Jean was in love with Scott Summers and gave up the pursuit.
While pursuing Sauron in the Savage Land, Angel was attacked by Pteranodons and fell to his death. He was brought back to life by an un-costumed Magneto, who was known as Creator in the Savage Land. Presumed dead, Magneto had been gathering a mutant army.
Not long after this, Warren took vengeance upon his uncle, Burt Worthington (who went by the name the Dazzler), who had killed Warren's father, Warren Worthington, Jr.[2]
When the original X-Men were captured by the mutant island Krakoa, Professor X created a new team of X-Men to rescue them. When this new team of X-Men decided to stay, Angel and the rest of the original team, with the exception of Cyclops, left the team. He and Iceman went to Los Angeles, where they founded the Champions with Hercules, the Black Widow, and the original Ghost Rider.[3] Following the apparent death of Jean Grey and Cyclops' subsequent exile from the team, Warren rejoined the X-Men to help pick up the slack.[4] During this time, Angel grew increasingly disturbed by the behavior and actions of Wolverine, and after some time quit the team in protest.
He was once kidnapped by the Morlock leader Callisto and stripped of most of his clothing. Callisto attempted to humiliate him. He could not remember anything else at the time as he was unconscious. Just then, Storm, Nightcrawler, Colossus, and Sprite arrived to stop Callisto, but they were also captured by the Morlocks and tied to stakes. Storm struck a deal with Callisto: a battle to the death without powers. They would duel with knives, with the winner keeping Angel and having the leadership of the Morlocks. Storm won, but spared Callisto's life. Shortly thereafter, Angel joined the Defenders.
The Defenders did not last much longer with Angel, Iceman, and Beast being the sole survivors. They had decided to abandon the hero's life, but with the resurrection of Jean Grey, the five original X-Men chose to form X-Factor.[5] During this period, Warren found himself giving Jean more emotional support than Cyclops was, who was going through intense emotional repercussions while trying to deal with the fact that Jean was still alive in conjunction with his own involvement with Madelyne Pryor (who was later revealed to be a clone of Jean).
Much later, having joined his teammates as a member of X-Factor, Warren's wings were severely damaged during the Mutant Massacre by Harpoon, although Thor saved his life and prevented the Marauders from killing him. Cameron Hodge—whom Warren had known for years and considered a friend, yet was secretly anti-mutant—had his wings amputated. Despondent over the loss of his wings, Warren escaped the hospital and commandeered his private jet, which exploded in the air as the rest of X-Factor watched helplessly from below. It was revealed that Hodge had sabotaged Warren's ultra-light airplane to create the illusion that the depressed Warren had tried to commit suicide.
Before the explosion, Warren was spirited away by the ancient mutant Apocalypse. Apocalypse altered Warren's appearance, giving him blue skin, organic metal wings, and the ability to fire his metal feathers as projectiles. He also gave him the title of Death, the leader of his Horsemen.[6] When it appeared as though Death had killed his former teammate Iceman, he overcame Apocalypse's brainwashing. Hungry for revenge, he tracked down Hodge. Hodge had kidnapped Warren's lover, Candy Southern, and killed her. Warren beheaded Hodge with his wings, seemingly killing him (it was later revealed that Hodge's head still lived in the X-Tinction Agenda crossover). Warren did not rejoin X-Factor immediately afterwards, spending some time as a loner called "Dark Angel" due to his state of mind following Southern's death. After the events of Inferno, he finally rejoined X-Factor, taking the name Archangel at Beast's urging. It was around this point that he became romantically involved with Charlotte Jones, a New York City Police officer who helped to rescue Warren and the rest of X-Factor from the Ravens, a cult of near-immortal psychic vampires.
Angel Again
After rejoining the X-Men, Archangel became romantically involved with Psylocke. Warren soon traded in his "Death" garb for his old blue and white costume, signifying he was attempting to put his dark days behind him. After Psylocke was eviscerated by X-Men prisoner Sabretooth during an escape attempt, Warren and the X-Men tracked down and captured him, but not before he was able to badly damage Warren's metal wings. Over time, the damage to his wings spread. Eventually the metal wings shattered completely, revealing that his feathered wings had been growing back within them and broke them apart from the inside. This followed a visit from Ozymandias, who told him that he was indeed one of Apocalypse's chosen ones.
Reclaiming his original Angel powers, Warren still retained his blue skin color. Having both experienced drastic changes in their lives, Psylocke and Warren found themselves growing apart, while Psylocke began showing attraction for new X-Men recruit Thunderbird. Realizing they were no longer on the same path, Warren ended their relationship, wishing her happiness in the future.
Warren remained a member of one of the core X-Men teams, where he served as co-leader with Nightcrawler. In a fight with Black Tom Cassidy, Angel experienced a "secondary mutation". His blood gained advanced healing properties, giving him the ability to heal quickly from wounds and allowing him to heal others when his blood is mixed with theirs. This new power "healed" Warren's skin from Apocalypse's alterations, turning his blue pallor back to its original shade. Warren discovered his ability to heal others when he saved the life of teammate Husk (Paige Guthrie) after she was severely injured in battle. He has since become involved in a controversial romance with Paige, who is several years his junior. It was also revealed during The Draco storyline that his blood dealt much pain to Nightcrawler. Also in the same storyline it is hinted by Azazel (Nightcrawler and Abyss's father) that Archangel may actually be related to the Cheyarafim, an ancient group of Angel-like mutants who had banished Azazel and his people from Earth into another Dimension.
Warren and Paige took an extended leave of absence, and Archangel launched a charity called "Mutants Sans Frontières" in Zanzibar, (a reference to Doctors Without Borders), where he then proceeded to help stop a coup with the aid of Professor X's newest charges from nearby Genosha. In "Excalibur," Warren met up again with Callisto. As Paige reminded Warren of his history with Callisto, Viper attacked. Warren and Callisto then managed to defeat Viper together. In Generation M, it appeared that Angel's wings had shrunken and shriveled into a useless state following the events of House of M. However, it was revealed that Warren had managed to fake losing his mutant abilities in order to lure out The Ghoul,[7] a deranged serial killer who uses his retained mutant powers to murder ex-mutants.
Though not an active member of any team, Warren has re-united with the other surviving original X-Men—Cyclops, Iceman, and Beast—in a mission to stop Bishop from re-capturing the fugitive mutants known as The 198.[8] The X-Men later teamed up with Bishop to find and recover the 198.
World War Hulk
Archangel joined with fellow former Champions member Hercules, along with Namora, and Amadeus Cho to attempt to calm down The Hulk.[9] In their attempts to help save New York City from the destruction, they form a new team of superheroes, called the Renegades.
Return to the X-Men / Messiah Complex
Angel is part of the team which investigates the new mutant birth in Alaska. He is later part of the team who is looking for former Acolytes. He is next seen part of the same team but attacking The Marauders. Warren goes against Sinister but is easily defeated once he gets over Emma's mental attack. He is knocked out but recovers just fine and is present with the X-Teams for the final battle over the fate of the baby.
Divided We Stand
Angel is later seen flying over San Francisco, going to meet with Hepzibah, Warpath, and Iceman, when he stumbles across an area that looks as if the 1960s never ended. He contacts Scott and Emma asking them for assistance before suffering the mind altering effects of the zone, which are revealed to be caused by Martinique Jason. Angel and the three other ensnared X-Men are sent by Martinique to confront Scott and Emma. Emma manages to free them from the illusion and during the fall-out battle, Angel rescues the Mayor of San Francisco. Thankful for the assistance and for the idea of having real super-heroes in their city, the Mayor then talks to Cyclops and Angel about helping them resettle the X-Men in San Francisco.
Archangel Returns
In X-Force #4, Warren is brutally attacked by a mind controlled Wolfsbane. During the attack, Wolfsbane savagely rips Warren's wings from his back and runs away, taking the wings with her. For reasons yet unknown, Warren's healing factor fails to heal him, and some theorize that like Jay Guthrie, his healing factor was directly linked to his wings. Wolfsbane later delivers them to the Purifiers who reveal that a mysterious agent known as the Apocalypse Strain is present in Warren's body, and is the chief component of the wings themselves. The Purifiers use the Apocalypse Strain to modify an army of Purifier agents, giving them the same metallic wings that Archangel once had. Meanwhile, although Elixir is able to heal all of Warren's injuries, he cannot re-grow his wings due to interference from the Apocalypse Strain. Later in the story, Warren is gripped by a series of excruciating seizures that not only mysteriously regenerate his techno-organic wings, but also transform him back into Apocalypse's version of Archangel.[10]
A preview of X-Force #5 shows Archangel staring maliciously at the remaining X-Force team and Elixir. Wolverine and Warpath then attack him. Archangel wounds Wolverine in the stomach and then fires two of his metallic feathers at X-23 and Elixir, managing to wound X-23 while Elixir narrowly avoids being wounded. Warpath then attacks Archangel from behind, placing one of his daggers at Archangel's throat. Archangel flies up towards the ceiling and slams Warpath against it. He begs for relief from the pain the trauma of the loss of his wings and subsequent transformation is causing him. Just as it seems that Wolverine is about to kill him, Archangel escapes into the night, intent on taking vengeance against the Purifiers.
Archangel's primary power is that of natural flight, due to his large feathered wings. His wings have superhuman strength, and they have a very flexible skeletal structure that enables him to press them to the back of his torso and legs with only the slightest bulge visible under his clothing. His bones are hollow, his body processes food more efficiently than a normal human body and does not store any excess fat, he possesses a greater proportionate muscle mass than normal and because of that his strength, speed, agility, endurance, reflexes, eyesight, and hearing are at their peak. Elements of his anatomy are comparable to those of birds. His superhumanly sharp eyes can withstand high-speed winds which would damage the average human eye. His lungs can extract oxygen from the air at high velocities or altitudes, and he can cope with the reduced temperatures at high altitudes for prolonged periods of time, giving him a greater-than-normal capacity to endure low temperatures in areas such as the Arctic.
While he generally flies below the height of clouds, Archangel can reach almost twice this height with little effort. At his absolute maximum, he can reach the highest recorded altitude of a bird in flight—about the height above sea level of Mount Everest—but he can only remain that high for several minutes. He can fly nonstop under his own power for around half a day.
Flight is as natural for Archangel as it is for a bird and he's been heavily trained by Professor X, especially in mastering his flight indoors. His agility, reflexes, and coordination, and balance while flying appears unmatched in the Marvel Universe, and he's been seen several times defeating other super-beings much faster than him (like the Human Torch) by dodging them and having them smash against the ground or a wall at full speed. The strength in his natural wings can easily break a man's arm or leg, or even put someone through a wall.
Angel is also an accomplished hand-to-hand fighter, having defeated several of the werewolf-like homo superior when Wolverine was defeated. He was trained in hand-to-hand combat at Xavier's school; while dating Psylocke he received a considerable amount of martial arts instruction. During his years on the team he was given extensive training from Wolverine, and when he once surprised Wolverine after taking down some men he said, "My father spoiled me with more than money". He also received further instruction from the Black Widow and Hercules during his days with the Champions.
As the result of a secondary mutation, Archangel also developed a healing factor and can heal others by mixing his blood with theirs, provided they have a matching blood type to Warren's. This mutation varies in potency. At times, he cannot aid the terminally wounded; at others, he can actually raise the newly dead. This secondary mutation suggests that he may be descended from the ancient race of Cheyarafim mutants[citation needed]. He is nearly immune to injury because his healing blood is constantly flowing through him; at its onset he repaired broken bones in days. His healing abilities have progressed since then. However , in a recent issue of X-Force, Warren is savagely attacked and his wings are ripped from his body. His healing factor fails to work, and he instead must be healed by Josh Foley.
Aside from his superhuman powers, Warren is a highly capable businessman, and was the former chairman of the board and principal stockholder of Worthington Industries.
Metal wings
Archangel possesses a set of metal wings given to him by Apocalypse. These wings are composed of a hard, sharp, organic material that resembles the "organic steel" of Colossus' body. The wings gave him the ability to project his bio-metallic feathers out from his wings at great speed and with tremendous force, enabling them to pierce even steel. Archangel does not have complete control over his feathers, which sometimes shoot from his wings against his conscious will in response to his unconscious aggressive drives. The feathers are laced with a neural inhibitor chemical, generated by Archangel's body, which induced temporary paralysis. With his new wings, he has been referenced to fly at speeds much faster than his natural, organic wings. The edges of these metal wings are also quite sharp, allowing them to be used as weapons. As an upgrade of strength to all of Apocalypse Horseman his physical attributes were heightened. Apparently he lost his mechanical wings when he regrew his organic ones, but Apocalypse-induced technorganic mutation never left his system, and his natural-appearing wings contain a strain of the T-O virus, enough, when implanted into regular human beings, to induce a mutation similar to that of Warren's.
In the 1602 timeline, Warren becomes Werner, a young witchbreed (as mutants are known in this reality) who hides his mutation using garments sewn by his mother. Unfortunately, he is captured and almost burnt at the stake by the Grand Inquisitor Enrique (aka Magneto), but rescued at the last moment by Carlos Javier and his students. Safe in England, Werner befriends John Grey unaware that "Master John" is in fact a young woman disguised as a man. This friendship causes jealousy on the part of Scotius Summerisle, who knows of the deception and fears Werner also knows and is trying to court her. They almost come to blows but are reconciled when circumstances lead to Jean's death. It then comes to light that Werner was unaware of "Master John's" true sex but states that he "was in love with that young man."
In the Age of Apocalypse, Warren was never remade as Death by Apocalypse, nor did he ever join the X-Men. Instead, as most of New York was destroyed, Angel worked with Apocalypse's mutant elite, Magneto and his X-Men, and even the Human High Council to maintain and operate a nightclub aptly named Heaven, where humans and mutants could intermingle. When two of his employees, Scarlett MacKenzie and Karma, were apprehended and then later killed, Angel finally chose a side. Strapping himself down with a number of bombs, he attacked Apocalypse's citadel in a suicide run. His sacrifice shut down the protective shields surrounding the citadel, providing the X-Men with a much needed entrance.
Earth X
In this alternate universe, Warren lost his fortune and had become an authentic "Angel", who would help anybody who needs him. He joins the New York City Police and his old friend Iceman to protect the world-altering Torch of the city against the forces of Mephisto. Later, he travels with Mister Fantastic and others to the Negative Zone in the search for the Paradise.
Archangel appeared in the comic book Exiles as a member of Weapon X, a more ruthless version of the self-titled reality hopping team. This Archangel, hailing from Earth-714, appeared very much like his Earth-616 counterpart, even wearing a costume very similar to the one the 616-version wore at the time. Of course, this Archangel, since he was selected for Weapon X rather than the Exiles themselves, was more savage, employing the excessive use of automatic weapons. Archangel was, at some point, replaced by a sociopathic version of Ms. Marvel after he was supposedly sent home for completing his number of missions. He was actually placed in the Panoptichron gallery of fallen Exiles. Why he was placed there is unknown, but he was one of only five recruits to return home alive and intact, alongside She-Hulk, Beak, Iron Man, and Daredevil.
Angel is infected by the zombies Rogue and Ms. Marvel. He participates in a zombie attack on the castle of Doctor Doom. The zombies had detected unaffected humans inside.
Mutant X
In the alternate reality represented in the comic book Mutant X, Warren Worthington was captured by Apocalypse much like he was in the main Marvel timeline. However, instead of the changes seen in Earth 616; blue skin and metallic wings, this fallen angel was given chalk white skin, leathery bat-wings, razor sharp claws and fangs, and the ability to breathe fire. Able to shake off Apocalypse's brainwashing, but still affected by the horrors he endured, he had become bitter, and often lashed out at his teammates, especially the child-like Brute. The Fallen, as he now called himself, joined Havok's team of mutants known as the Six. The Six was a twisted re-imagining of the original X-Factor team, in a reality where Alex Summers was the first X-Man instead of his older brother Scott. The other members were Marvel Woman (Madelyne Pryor), Ice-Man (with his powers enhanced beyond his control), the Brute (a Hank McCoy who possessed green scales and an amphibious nature instead of blue fur) and Bloodstorm, an alternate version of Storm who was turned into a vampire by Dracula.
When Madelyne Pryor became possessed by the Goblin Force and took over New York, the Fallen defects from The Six alongside her, becoming her second-in-command, and later vanishing after her defeat. Unlike most of Pryor's servants, the Fallen went with her willingly. He next appeared re-allied with Apocalypse against the threat of the Onslaught-like Xavier/Shadow King entity. He is one of the very few surviving heroes after the combined attack of the Goblin Force controlled Beyonder and the revived Dracula. He allies himself with a reformed Six.
He made one final appearance at the end of the series, when Dr. Strange summoned The Fallen, along with Xavier, Reed Richards, and others to help Alex prepare for his battle with the Beyonder.
A character resembling The Fallen (albeit mis-colored) briefly appears in Exiles Annual #1 as one of numerous captives of a team of Exiles stationed on Earth-33629.
Shadow-X
New Excalibur battles an evil counterpart of Angel, who is a member of the Shadow-X, the X-Men of an alternate reality in which Professor X was possessed by the Shadow King. They are brought to Earth-616 as a result of M-Day. He was later killed by one of the Shadow Captains.
Ultimate Angel
The Ultimate version of Angel (Warren Worthington III) is one of only a few mutants to be identifiably a mutant at birth. Warren comes from millionaire, mutant-bigoted parents who quickly sign guardianship of him over to Charles Xavier. Warren joins the X-Men taking the codename Angel, though he proves to be an inexperienced and reluctant fighter. There was much controversy over Angel joining the X-Men, as there were many protests of angels being a sign of God. Also, Rogue did not like the fact that he had the appearance of an angel. On an unauthorized mission to Genosha, Angel and his teammates attempt to rescue Longshot, an accused murderer who is facing a public execution. During the Magnetic North storyline, Dazzler and Warren go to the Triskelion in an attempt to rescue Polaris. After Magneto shuts down the power, Dazzler is impaled by one of Lady Deathstrike's claws, leaving her in a coma. Angel faces Professor Xavier and takes responsibility. Under the guise of expulsion, Angel joins Emma Frost's Academy of Tomorrow as a spy for Xavier.
Warren becomes close friends with Nightcrawler, initially due to the fact that they both have physical mutations. Warren gets over his initial attraction to Storm and after the events in Genosha, engages in a relationship with Dazzler. After Bishop recruits Dazzler in his new team of X-Men, she makes Angel part of the team (despite Bishop's protests). While trying to protect the Morlocks he is shot to death by Mister Sinister.[11] He later returns to life in Ultimate X-Men #93. He is seen as a member of Colossus' enchanced team at the end of issue #94, his appearance drastically altered throught the use of Banshee, the Ultimate version of MGH, resulting in Warren having an eagle-like head and feathered upper torso. The mutation seems to have progressed, as he is now completely feathered and has talons and double-jointed knees.
Angel's powers include feathered wings, hollow bone structure, and zero body fat, allowing flight. He also has heightened strength, speed, agility, reflexes, coordination, balance, endurance, and eyesight. He does not appear to have the healing powers of his 616 Universe counterpart.
X-Men: Fairy Tales
In the first issue of X-Men: Fairy Tales, based on the Japanese story of Momotarō, Archangel appears as the pheasant. He refuses to fly because he is scared of falling and failing, until Cyclops/Hitomi and Beast/Aoi convince him.
He was named Tenshi, meaning 'Angel' in Japanese.
Angel made his first ever animated appearance on the 1966 Marvel Super Heroes episode of The Sub-Mariner with the original X-Men line-up (Beast, Cyclops, Iceman, and Jean Grey).
Angel was shown in two episodes of Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends. He appeared in "The Origin of Iceman" and "A Firestar is Born". He is voiced by William Callaway in "A Firestar is Born." In that episode, he introduced Storm to Iceman and Firestar as well as helping to fight Juggernaut.
Archangel's origin was retold in the animated X-Men series, where Apocalypse creates the Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse. Played by Stephen Ouimette, Angel goes to a scientist who claims he can "cure" genetic mutations, but is actually Mystique, a servant of Apocalypse, who turns him into Death. Angel also makes several appearances in the Beyond Good and Evil four-part episode (he appears in parts II, III, and IV), and as one of the original X-Men in two flashbacks, bringing up continuity errors elsewhere as Cyclops, Beast, and Jean Grey do not know him. In this version, he loses the "death" status to become once again Archangel thanks to Rogue, who saps the evil that lay within him. In all, Angel or Archangel, appeared in 7 episodes of the series.
He also appeared in four episodes of X-Men: Evolution, where he acted more like an 'angel', shown rescuing people from what would otherwise be life-threatening situations. Though he ultimately does not join the X-Men, he has become allies with them. His voice was provided by Mark Hildreth.
Angel appears in the new series Wolverine and the X-Men voiced by Liam O'Brien. In one clip, he is shown flying with Rogue in his arms shortly before a shot hits his wing and they both go down. In the series, Angel is not an official member of the X-Men, as he is forced to remain off the team in order to continue to have access to the family fortune, which he has been using in order to aid mutantkind. Despite this, he does help the team in battle as an ally, as well as use his funds to help them out, including repairing the Xavier Institute in the third episode.
Warren Worthington III appears in the 2006 feature film X-Men: The Last Stand, portrayed by Ben Foster. In the film, Warren (referred as Angel in the credits but never called by this name in the dialogue) is a young man in his early twenties, the son of a rich industrialist who is motivated by his son's mutation to create a "cure" for mutants. Warren flees before he can be stripped of his powers and goes to find the X-Men for help. He later makes an appearance in the final confrontation against Magneto's Brotherhood of Mutants, rescuing his father as he is thrown off of a roof. In a flashback, Warren as a boy (portrayed by Cayden Boyd) is seen attempting to cut off his wings. Despite having been featured prominently in promotional art for the film, Angel's role in the film was actually quite minor, and he only appears in a bare handful of scenes throughout the entire film.
In the Sega Genesis release X-Men you can summon the blue-skinned/metal wing version of Warren for some assistance.
The same blue-skinned, metallic-winged Archangel was a playable character in the Fall of the Mutants PC game.
André Sogliuzzo was credited as Angel in X-Men Legends, but was not seen. Angel was originally intended to be a playable character, but he was cut for unknown reasons.
Dave Wittenberg voices Angel in X-Men Legends II: Rise of Apocalypse. Angel shows up as the scout for the different areas that are visited until he is captured by Apocalypse and turned into Archangel. After fighting him as Archangel, the player follows Apocalypse to Egypt for the game's climax. In stage 5, it was mentioned that his mind and body were changed by Mr. Sinister's drugs. It is unknown if Angel would recover from the drugs and turn back to his natural form. On a side note, Archangel has special dialogue with Jean Grey.
^ X-Men Vol. 1 #1
^ Ka-Zar #2,3 (Dec 1970, Mar 1971); Marvel Tales #30 (Apr 1971)
^ Champions #1-3
^ Uncanny X-Men #138
^ X-Factor #1
^ X-Factor #13
^ Generation M #5
^ Civil War: X-Men
^ Incredible Hulk #107
^ X-Force #4
^ Ultimate X-Men #90
^ "The religion of Archangel (Warren Worthington)"
UncannyXmen.net's Spotlight on Archangel
Official Character Bio at Marvel.com
Last updated on August 10th, 2009


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Blu-Ray and DVD news
The only real Transformers: The Movie is coming to Blu-Ray
June 11, 2016 June 12, 2016 Jeffrey Lyles 1 Comment Leonard Nimoy, Optimus Prime, The Transformers: The Movie
Transformers The Movie rolls out on Blu-Ray
Ah, I would have waited an eternity for this. Try as he might, Michael Bay can only manage to make the second best Transformers movie. Despite four live-action attempts with a fifth on the way, for Transformers fans the only film worthy of the title Transformers The Movie is the 1986 version.
And finally Shout! Factory is coming to the rescue for fans of the animated classic. Transformers: The Movie is being released on Blu-Ray, DVD and digital on Sept. 30.
Breaking news! Transformers: The Movie coming to DVD and Blu on 9/13!
— Shout! Factory (@ShoutFactory) June 9, 2016
The film introduced fans to a new generation of Autobots and Decepticons from Hot Rod, Galvatron, Ultra Magnus, Blur, Kup, Cyclonus and the planet devouring Unicron. To further legitimize the film, producer Sunbow Pictures enlisted top tier talent to provide voices including Orson Wells in his final feature film appearance; Leonard Nimoy and Judd Nelson. And that killer soundtrack, which I'm not at all ashamed to say is part of my regular playlist because clearly I've got the touch.
But what makes the film so memorable and hold up to this day is that amazing first half battle sequence featuring the attack on Autobot City. The Decepticons go hard in this fight and the Autobots desperately attempt to repel them with limited resources and personnel. It's about the closest we'd come to an Empire Strikes Back version of The Transformers saga. And that doesn't even count the Optimus Prime/Megatron battle, which remains one of my all-time favorite fight scenes.
Here's the released product information so far for Transformers: The Movie.
2 Discs
Subtitles: English, French, Spanish
Closed Caption: No
You can pre-order the movie here.
And while you're at it check out this fan-voted battle between Optimus Prime and Iron Man, pitting the Autobots' top dog against the Avengers member most suited to give him fits on the battlefield.
← LEGO Star Wars: The Freemaker Adventures debuts June 20
Marvel Legends Whirlwind figure review →


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Movie Journeys | Travel & the Movies
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Fall of the Western Empire
The collapse of the Roman Empire in the West has been charted from many starting places. There are some who feel that the decline began with the first five emperors, who set the bar for decadence. A case can also be made for the even older practice of slavery, which made Rome rotten at the core. The advent of Christianity in the bosom of the Empire further eroded the authority of Rome. Finally, the barbarian hordes that had fought encroachment on distant borders began to sense weakness in the walls and marched toward the capital.
The movie called The Fall of the Roman Empire (1964) chose to draw its line in the sand at the start of the career of Emperor Commodus (r. 180-192), who was later featured in the more powerful but wildly inaccurate film, Gladiator (2000). Commodus followed his father, Marcus Aurelius, onto the throne and began a downward trend that would lead to the division of the Empire into two parts, East and West.
Emperor Constantine halted the decline and reunited the Empire partly by way of converting pagan Rome to Christianity. It was a stunning move and required a period of adjustment. The movie called Constantine and the Cross (1962) dwells only on the Emperor's personal shift of faith, leaving the wrenching changes to follow as a story untold on film. When Constantine died in 337 CE, civil war broke out in the Empire causing further divisions. Christianity thrived more immediately in the East than in the West.
It was movies like this that contributed to a general impression among non-scholars that the Roman Empire collapsed under the weight of its legendary decadence in the fifth century of the Common Era. Anyone visiting Rome in our times has seen the ruins of the once great capital and wondered how it happened that the ancient Rome we see in the movies came to such a sad end. Very little from 2000 years ago remains intact.
Pantheon, built by Emperor Hadrian, c. 126 CE
It was the barbarians who finished the job, coming from all sides to dismantle what they could of the great city of Rome. They were followed by scavengers. The Circus Maximus was leveled to the ground. The ruins of the theater of Marcellus were eventually incorporated into a modern building. The Colosseum was famously used as a quarry by later generations of Romans trying to rebuild simpler lives. Of the few buildings that have survived, the Pantheon is outstanding.
*Go to FAQ for use of the term post-paradigm and capitalization of Civilization.
Fall of the Western Empire Related Posts:
Modern Decadence
Movies about the Internal Collapse of Rome in the West
Movies: Barbarians at the Walls of Rome
Return to Roman Empire Overview
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I'm having a moment over tassel details; I can't get enough of them! From the little fringe on my top, to the plethora of options in my shopping picks below. Fringe felt like the perfect finishing touch for these new printed shorts. I featured them on the blog awhile back and loved them even more in person (they look more blue in person, online I think they look more black). Are you a fan of tassel details?


Following a long battle between music rights-holders and Internet radio giant Pandora Media Inc. over songwriter royalties, the U.S. Department of Justice is stepping in.
The department said it has opened a review of its consent decrees governing music licensing groups that collect royalties from the use of their members' songs and compositions on radio, television and Internet services — rules that have been in place since the days of Glenn Miller, Jimmy Dorsey and Billie Holiday.
Licensing groups ASCAP and BMI, also known as performing rights organizations, and publishers including Sony/ATV and Universal Music Publishing Group argue that the consent decrees entered in 1941 are out of date in the era of streaming music.
The publishers, songwriters and rights organizations have long fought for higher royalty rates for uses of their songs and compositions on Internet services such as Pandora. They have said the consent decrees undermine their position.
"The Department understands that ASCAP, BMI and some other firms in the music industry believe that the Consent Decrees need to be modified to account for changes in how music is delivered to and experienced by listeners," the department said.
The consent decrees do not cover music performers, whom Pandora pays separately.
The review by the department follows a series of lawsuits between Pandora and the songwriter organizations.
Pandora, based in Oakland, sued ASCAP in 2012 to lower the fees it pays to play songs on its service that now counts 77 million active users. Last year, BMI asked the federal rate court to set royalty fees after Pandora allegedly rejected a "reasonable" rate BMI said it had proposed.
Pandora said on Wednesday that the disputed consent decrees provide important protections for consumers and songwriters by providing a way to establish a fair royalty rate and help foster innovation by new industry players.
"Any review of the consent decrees must take into account the careful balance of how to best serve songwriters while also fostering competition and innovation to the benefit of consumers," said Dave Grimaldi, Pandora's director of public affairs, in a statement.
The consent decrees have been reviewed periodically since 1941, with ASCAP's agreement last amended in 2001 and BMI's last changed in 1994.
ASCAP president and chairman Paul Williams cheered the department's review, saying its agreement hasn't been modified since the introduction of the iPod.
As part of the review, the Justice Department has invited comment from parties, including songwriters, composers, publishers, licensees and service providers, until Aug. 6.