It is almost impossible to read about the ethics of autonomous vehicles without encountering some version of the trolley car problem. You're familiar with the general outline of the problem, I'm sure. An out-of-control trolley car is barreling toward five unsuspecting people on a track. You are able to pull a lever and redirect the trolley toward another track, but there is one person on this track who will be hit by the trolley as a result. What do you do? Nothing and let five people die, or pull the lever and save five at the expense of one person's life?
The thought experiment has its origins in a paper by the philosopher Phillipa Foot on abortion and the concept of double effect. I'm not sure when it was first invoked in the context of autonomous vehicles, but I first came across trolly car-style hypothesizing about the ethics of self-driving cars in a 2012 essay by Gary Marcus, which I learned about in a post on Nick Carr's blog. The comments on that blog post, by the way, are worth reading. In response, I wrote my own piece reflecting on what I took to be more subtle issues arising from automated ethical systems.
More recently, following the death of a pedestrian who was struck by one of Uber's self-driving vehicles in Arizona, Evan Selinger and Brett Frischmann co-authored a piece at Motherboard using the trolley car problem as a way of thinking about the moral and legal issues at stake. It's worth your consideration. As Selinger and Frischmann point out, the trolley car problem tends to highlight drastic and deadly outcomes, but there are a host of non-lethal actions of moral consequence that an autonomous vehicle may be programmed to take. It's important that serious thought be given to such matters now before technological momentum sets in.
In a piece at the Atlantic, however, Ian Bogost recommends that we ditch the trolley car problem as a way of thinking about the ethics of autonomous vehicles. It is, in his view, too blunt an instrument for serious thinking about the ethical ramifications of autonomous vehicles. Bogost believes "that much greater moral sophistication is required to address and respond to autonomous vehicles." The trolley car problem blinds us to the contextual complexity of morally consequential incidents that will inevitably arise as more and more autonomous vehicles populate our roads.
I wouldn't go so far as to say that trolley car-style thought experiments are useless, but, with Bogost, I am inclined to believe that they threaten to eclipse the full range of possible ethical and moral considerations in play when we talk about autonomous vehicles.
For starters, the trolley car problem, as Bogost suggests, loads the deck in favor of a utilitarian mode of ethical reflection. I'd go further and say that it stacks the deck in favor of action-oriented approaches to moral reflection, whether rule-based or consequentialist. Of course, it is not altogether surprising that when thinking about moral decision making that must be programmed or engineered, one is tempted by ethical systems that may appear to reduce ethics to a set of rules to be followed or calculations to be executed.
In trolley car scenarios involving autonomous vehicles, it seems to me that two things are true: a choice must be made and there is no right choice.
There is no right answer to the trolley car problem. It is a tragedy either way. The trolley car problem is best thought of as a question to think with not a question to answer definitively. The point is not to find the one morally correct way to act but to come to feel the burden of moral responsibility.
Moreover, when faced with trolley car-like situations in real life, rare as they may be, human beings do not ordinarily have the luxury to reason their way to a morally acceptable answer. They react. It may be impossible to conclusively articulate the sources of that reaction. If there is an ethical theory that can account for it, it would be virtue ethics not varieties of deontology or consequentialism.
If there is no right answer, then, what are we left with?
Responsibility. Living with the consequences of our actions. Justice. The burdens of guilt. Forgiveness. Redemption.
Such things are obviously beyond the pale of programmable ethics. The machine, with which our moral lives are entwined, is oblivious to such subjective states. It cannot be meaningfully held to account. But this is precisely the point. The really important consideration is not what the machine will do, but what the human being will or will not experience and what human capacities will be sustained or eroded.
In short, the trolley car problem leads us astray in at least two related ways. First, it blinds us to the true nature of the equivalent human situation: we react, we do not reason. Second, building on this initial misconstrual, we then fail to see that what we are really outsourcing to the autonomous vehicle is not moral reasoning but moral responsibility.
Katherine Hayles has noted that distributed cognition (distributed, that is, among human and non-humans) implies distributed agency. I would add that distributed agency implies distributed moral responsibility. But it seems to me that moral responsibility is the sort of thing that does not survive such distribution. (At the very least, it requires new categories of moral, legal, and political thought.) And this, as I see it, is the real moral significance of autonomous vehicles: they are but one instance of a larger trend toward a material infrastructure that undermines the plausibility of moral responsibility.
Distributed moral responsibility is just another way of saying deferred or evaded moral responsibility.
The trajectory is longstanding. Here is Jacques Ellul commenting on the challenge modern society poses to the possibility of responsibility.
Let's consider this from another angle. The trolley car problem focuses our ethical reflection on the accident. As I've suggested before, what if we were to ask not "What could go wrong?" but "What if it all goes right?" My point in inverting this query is to remind us that technologies that function exactly as they should and fade seamlessly into the background of our lived experience are at least as morally consequential as those that cause dramatic accidents.
Well-functioning technologies we come to trust become part of the material infrastructure of our experience, which plays an important role in our moral formation. This material infrastructure, the stuff of life with which we as embodied creatures constantly interact, both consciously and unconsciously, is partially determinative of our habitus, the set of habits, inclinations, judgments, and dispositions we bring to bear on the world. This includes, for example, our capacity to perceive the moral valence of our experiences or our capacity to subjectively experience the burden of moral responsibility. In other words, it is not so much a matter of specific decisions, although these are important, but of underlying capacities, orientations, and dispositions.
I suppose the question I'm driving at is this: What is the implicit moral pedagogy of tools to which we outsource acts of moral judgment?
While it might be useful to consider the trolley car, it's important as well that we leave it behind for the sake of exploring the fullest possible range of challenges posed by emerging technologies with which our moral lives are increasingly entangled.


Hello Readers! In this post, we are going to learn about how to use android viewSwitcher widget in any android application. We will also go through different attributes of viewSwitcher widget that can be used to customise it.
ViewSwitcher is a viewAnimator that are used to switch between two views. You can either use viewFactory to create views or add them yourself. A ViewSwitcher can only have two child of which only one is shown at a time.
At first, we will create android application. Then, we will use viewSwitcher widget in this application.
2. Go to File => New => New Project. Write application name as ViewSwitcher. Then, click next button.
Now, we will modify xml and java file to use viewSwitcher widget in the application.
You will need images, stored in main/res/drawable folder, that are needed in the application. These drawable images are used by viewSwitcher to create different views.
In activity_main.xml file, we have used ViewSwitcher widget. Note that there are only two child views of ViewSwitcher. Only one view will be shown at a time. Now, we will access these widgets in java file to perform some operations on it.
Open src/main/java/com.tutorialwing.viewswitcher/MainActivity.java file. Then, add below code into it.
In MainActivity.java file, we have accessed viewSwitcher and Button widgets. We have set in and out animations that are used whenever view is switched. Button will be used to switch between different view in viewSwitcher. We have set click listener to show next view in viewSwitcher whenever button is clicked.
That's end of tutorial on Android ViewSwitcher widget.


text:
The Truth About Drones
Contact / Submit
A positive perspective of UAV's, UAS, multi-rotors and what the public considers "drones"
Drone helps find missing 3-year-old boy
Drones 'Saving Lives' Of Emergency Workers
Drone helped Gurnee firefighters assess propane-storage blaze
Walmart's drone ambitions are real, and smarter than Amazon's
Drones Marshaled to Drop Lifesaving Supplies Over Rwandan Terrain
Palm Beach County Sheriff's Office to receive $1M in state funding for drone program
Autonomous search-and-rescue drones outperform humans at navigating forest trails
Press Release – FAA Announces Small UAS Registration Rule
Federal regulators to require registration of recreational drones
California Governor Kills UAV-limiting Bill
Drone Pilot Rescues Flood Victims
NASA Wants This Gas-Jet Drone to Find Resources on the Moon and Mars
Facebook reveals plans for drone-based Internet in the sky
Innov8tive Designs
Posts By Day
Drones Are Coming To Hollywood: FAA Set To Announce Approval For Use In Filming
Posted: September 24, 2014 in Drones & Hollywood
The FAA will approve Hollywood's request to use drones for filming, government and industry sources familiar with the process have told Forbes. On Thursday afternoon the FAA will announce its decision, and explain the procedures under which production companies will operate and the aviation rules which they are exempted from, the sources say.
In May, seven aerial photo and video production companies asked for regulatory exemptions (known as a 333 exemption) that would allow the film and television industry to use drones with FAA approval. Those seven companies and the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), were asked by the FAA to develop the guidelines and safety procedures under which they planned to operate. The FAA reviewed those procedures and is expected to approve the drone-specific rules and standards that will enable Hollywood to be exempt from existing aviation regulations.
The process was an onerous one that began more than four years ago with aerial cinematography companies working to develop internal guidelines. After filing their request for an exemption, the industry began drafting rules and guidelines, with the participation of pilots, lawyers, consultants, unmanned aviation experts, cinematographers, representatives from the studios, and experienced cinematography companies including Aerial Mob, Astraeus Aerial Cinema Systems, Flying-Cam Aerial Systems, Heli Video Productions, PictorVision, Snaproll Media and Vortex Aerial.
A representative from Vortex Aerial, one of the companies involved in the exemption process, said, "We are very proud to be a part of this monumentally historical event. Being the result of over 4 years of industry leader collaboration we can only hope that this most daunting and financially taxing of tasks will finally come to fruition and not be yet another false start for our industry."
The exemption is expected to specify detailed procedures under which companies may operate. The companies involved expect to release clear safety rules and guidelines that will set the standard for other companies to follow. The exemption allows the companies to fly pursuant to specific rules for the types of flights film productions plan to conduct. By definition, the exemption means that Hollywood will not need to to comply with some of the general flight rules covering pilot certificate requirements, manuals, maintenance and equipment mandates and certain airworthiness certification requirements.
Hollywood is an appropriate industry to be granted one of the first exemptions, said Tony Carmean of Aerial Mob, because it can address the FAA's two major concerns: safety and privacy. "Most studio productions take place on closed sites with an established perimeter, ensuring that personnel on those sites are affiliated with the production and are aware of inbound aircraft," he said. Aerial Mob has worked with clients such as the BBC, Nike, Harvard University and MTV. The company suspended all operations inside the United States while awaiting FAA approval, oftentimes filming in Mexico, which has a more permissive environment for aerial cinematography.
The companies involved in the exemption process have extensive flight experience with both manned and unmanned aircraft, suggesting that certification as a pilot of manned aircraft may be a criteria that the FAA believes is important for the operation of unmanned aircraft. To date, the FAA has received 45 requests for exemptions from large and small companies across a range of industries including agriculture, oil and gas, pipeline inspectors and surveyors. "We have even received an exemption request from a realtor, and a person asking for permission to use a UAS for news gathering," said FAA spokesman Les Dorr.
Currently, Certificates of Waiver or Authorization are available to public entities that want to fly drones in civil airspace. The FAA says that commercial operations are authorized on a case-by-case basis. Such operations require a certified aircraft, a licensed pilot and operating approval. The exemption process under Section 333 provides an additional avenue for commercial UAS operations.
Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/gregorymcneal/2014/09/23/drones-are-coming-to-hollywood-faa-will-announce-approval-this-thursday/
Drones may provide big lift to agriculture when FAA allows their use
The Small UAV Coalition

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
ERCAM GROUP
R+D+I INNOVATION
Photovoltaic (PV) Solar Energy is currently one of the leading renewable energies and it is growing and developing fast. The photovoltaic effect consists of the transformation of incident light photons that reach semiconducting materials, into electric power. ENERGÍA ERCAM designs and develops modern and innovative solutions in the field of PV solar energy.
Ercam´s solar tracking control system calculates the position of the sun, solar altitude and azimuth, as a function of the day, the solar time and the latitude. It also includes a "backtracking" feature in order to prevent self-shading between PV modules and between tracker rows. This feature maximizes the performance of the installation compared to other tracking systems.
ERCAM develops three main business lines: 1) Exclusive distributor of the mini-hydraulic product, brand OSSBERGER for Spain. 2) Development and operation of hydraulic projects in various business areas. 3) Technical Consulting in engineering services for mini-hydraulic plants.
ERCAM has been awarded of 167 MW in MULA (Murcia-Spain)
Energía ERCAM has been awarded of 167 MW in the photovoltaic park located in MULA (Murcia-Spain).
The plant is promoted and built by COBRA Group.
ERCAM signs an EPC contract in SWAZILAND (Africa)
Energía ERCAM signs an EPC contract in Swaziland (Africa) with WUNDERSIGHT Investments.
ERCAM will build PV plants in the country up to 25 MW.
The first 100 KW built as a demonstrators is now connected to the grid for more than one year.
WUNDER SOLAR I of 850 KW will be connected to the grid in April 2018.
Ercam, Oct 13, 2017


text:
architecture & urban development
theory & concepts
urban green
pictures & vids
authors & articles
Biotope City – the Gardencity of the 21thCentury
Helga Fassbinder
'Keynote of the Symposium STRANGE PLANTS ARE MY HOBBY 'COPYSHOP OF HORROR – A temporary space for the nature of cities and the cities of nature' by COPY&WASTE at Ku'Damm Karree Berlin, November & December 2017.
The formula "the city as nature" demands a definition of what is meant by nature. Where to start? What to expect? The question is explosive, especially among biologists, but also among ordinary mortals: what is 'to save 'nature', what does this mean? The state 100 years ago? Or should one even go further back? May trees grow on the West Frisian islands that were not found there 100 years ago? What about the neophytes, the plant exotics such as the Indian balsam, the knotweed or the giant hogweed, or with the animal invaders, the Nile geese, the racoons and others? And what role does man play in this concert, who so effectively intervenes in 'nature'? Here, too, ideas are very different, even controversary – one can philosophize in different ways about what man is: The crown of creation, whose mission is to subjugate the earth, that is to subjugate nature. Or is he a cancer that overgrows the earth and destroys the habitat of such wonderful animals as the Siberian tiger and others, building his own ecosystem against the 'nature' of the earth. But one can regard the ever expanding vertebrate species homo sapiens as one of the elements of the continuous process of change of the organic and the inorganic on earth, too.
From the latter point of view, the question is not "how to save the threatened nature and stop the expansion and appropriation of man", but one asks: "How can we set up and regulate the human habitat in such a way that he can spend his lifetime in a good and healthy as possible way, in interaction with other types of life.
We are not the first to ask this question, as this beautiful medieval embroidery picture shows – people seems to be tiggered by this question in the middle age as we are in the present reflecting the reality of our cities now and in future. Urban reality shows our sharing urban space with nummerous other species, from insects to mice and bird. But  if we have to share this habitat with so many other beings, what should the formula be to share our urban living space in a way that would bring so less harm to al participants in city life? How to build and manage the city in a way that it is worth living for all beings, from homo sapiens to flora and fauna? By 2050, it is very likely that around 10 billion people will populate this globe, over 70% of them will live in cities. These cities will spread over huge regions. What will nature be, what is city then? Can we seperate it? Isn't it that the city is and will be a kind of nature? Isn't it better to talk about 'the city as nature'?
Being in Berlin at this moment, lets have a quick look back: Take the Berlin mascot, the bear, as a starting point. The Berlin bear gives a hint to the elemental threat we humans once experienced in the wild, in the endless forests of Europe with their bears and wolves.
The people have surrounded their homes with protective walls. The city was surrounded by fortification walls – the human settlements were protected not only against human enemies, but they were also a fortress against nature, against the threat of wild animals. Our fairy tales still are telling about this, about the fear of going beyond the walls, walking through forests where the wolves and bears are waylying.
The outsiders of the society, the unadapted like the witches and the robbers fled into the woods. As threatening animal species were eradicated, the need to protect themselves against them got unnecessary, too. A new relationship to 'nature' came up. The human settlements could allow nature in a domesticated form, in this form nature could florish even for representation. The result was the garden and landscape park. Nature became a recreational area. The bear became a mascot.
The explosive growth of cities in the 19th century, had as a result unhealthy living conditions in crowded urban neighborhoods, unbearably dangerous for all residents. The city had to be ventilated - in the literal sense. Fortuned men donated ground and sponcered parcs. Nature evolved from a former threat to a salvation from too much city. The big cities were subjected to a first greening.
Paris was a pioneer city in this. Baron Haussmann, city planing director realized a radical solution. He broke through the gloomy, much too dense medieval quarters, with wide avenues lined with four rows of trees. He got private gardens of the city palace of the aristocracy expropriated and turned into public parks. From the middle of the 19th century, Paris became a Mecca for modern urban planning. Actually an early systematic integration of nature into city.
But there were also other ideas about how to solve the urban misery: others denied the territorial reality of the rapid increase in population in the cities, they had the intention to turn this back and to spread housing over a wide space. They dreamed of a rather romantic relationship between city and nature.
In their hearts, they were hostile to the city. Their supporters envisioned a quasi village side by side. The concept of Garden City by Englishman Howard, for example, proclaimed the idyl of low-rise buildings framed by gardens. Even at the time of its formulation in 1898, this was already an unrealistic solution to the settlement of the many people who flocked to the cities.
But what is a realistic view of the relationship between city and nature today? What would the city be like nature? Would there be a realistic form of the garden city today that harmoniously combines both? The earth population has grown explosively since then and will continue to grow.
The Dutch biologist Jelle Reumer, director of the Museum of Natural History in Rotterdam, occupies a surprising position. He also calls today's city a wildlife park. He considers the phenomenon of man and his relationship to ever-changing nature from a great distance that includes time and space (1).
He started his reflections by observing that birds in the city do not build their nests to raise their cubs with the materials that we naturally would need to use: with dry twigs, leaves, feathers. He observed that they use what they find in the city to build a nest: plastic, wire, polystyrene - materials that partly do their own work better. A few years ago, Sema Bekiroviç made an impressive photo report on such nests: she photographed the nests of coots in the canals of Amsterdam. Degree so you can find nests of urban swans equipped with plastic or wire-mesh crow's nests. There can be no question of repression here.
What man has created with the big city is obviously a new, adapted to him, an 'andropogenes' ecosystem. Of course, an ecosystem in which only a selection of varieties of the entire flora and fauna has established itself, varieties that can handle the structural conditions created by the people. So not the tigers and lynxes, not the oriole and the bitterns, but varieties that see rock formations in the mostly barren cities, into which they can expand their settlement area. The rock pigeons have done that, the seagulls, the crows and others.
Findings arise when you expand the field of view, when you look at the thing or the problem from a long distance and recognize the big connections. What makes the position of Jelle Reumer so exciting is the big time horizon under which he views the world as we experience it hic et nunc: It outlines a history of billions of years. What we care for today as 'nature' in our inner imagination is in fact a chain of ever-changing ecosystems in which even the rampant ecosystem 'city' may well be just an interlude in the next billion years of Earth's future becomes.
This ecosystem of the city is just as wild for the flora and fauna that have nestled here (and will re-nest under changing climatic conditions) as the wilderness was and is out of town. Some animals have already followed humans early into their homes: the dog, the house mouse, the sparrow, the cat. They have adapted. But even the newer immigrants adapt - the blackbird, which I only knew as a forest bird in my childhood, is now looking for insects and worms at the roots of the trees in the Amsterdam canals; the former shy egret hunts from the quay walls. One morning when I opened the front door in Amsterdam, there was a heron sitting on the railing, completely unmoved. A nice passerby took a snapshot.
Other varieties have specialized in our waste, as the crows and city pigeons, the daytime our edible leftovers and barely leave the nocturnal rats …. But we, as homo sapiens, coming from the savanna, have adapted to this ecosystem city so that Jelle Reumer speaks of homo sapiens becoming homo urbanus (see his essay on BCJ 'homo urbanus – the human of our urbanized future'). Being exposed to the savannah, he says, we would not be able to survive for 10 days. In fact, research has shown that 'the city children's senses are dwindling': they look worse, their ability to move and their sense of smell have decreased, even compared to children from two generations ago. Nature does not care whether the changes are man-made or a natural process, a storm, a landslide or similar. they have produced. It adapts to its inexhaustible adaptability. "Qua impact is a storm-thrown tree no less incisive than human intervention by an excavator" (Jelle Reumer, Wildlife in Rotterdam). The place devastated by our construction measures still remains a natural area, albeit in a different form. But our human intervention with the construction of cities has consequences for the living conditions not only of flora and fauna, but also of us, the human causers and beneficiaries themselves. This is what we need to investigate. To make clear what the city means as a natural area, Reumer comes up with a drastic comparison: on the banks of the river Rotte there is a colony of cormorants somewhere in the trees. These trees are completely overloaded with innumerable nests. He writes: "There is an almost apocalyptic sight …. the trees are almost completely dead and completely white with feces, which are all stuck in thick layers on them; any kind of growth at the foot of the trees has disappeared. This is what it looks like when a single species, in this case the cormorants, is dominant in an area. It fills the area with its nests and uninhibitedly pollutes the whole environment, making many other species of animals and plants no longer feel at home and disappear. " Now read these sentences again, he writes, and replace the word 'cormorant' with 'man': "That's the almost perfect definition of city! A packed collection of human nests, better known as buildings, with pretty little room for other varieties and mostly quite dirty. " It is an impressive comparison. A comparison that shows us what our problem with our dense cities is: we destroy the living conditions of many varieties and, ultimately, those of ourselves. If we want to stop, not because of an alleged destruction of nature. "The city does not destroy nature. She can not be displaced. Nature is a succession of ecosystems; it is nonsensical to judge one ecosystem higher than the other ". It is only from our own, interest-driven perspective that we come to value one ecosystem higher than the other. Sub specie aeternitatis is nonsensical. It is about ourselves: to secure our own living conditions, to the living conditions for us people in the city. And there threatens the danger of destroying the livelihoods of not only other varieties, but also the destruction of the livelihoods of our own species, of us humans. But both – and that is the central insight – are related.
Another thing added: Keyword climate change: It is daily in the media to follow – long-lasting heat periods and long-lasting heavy rain, floods, storms. Drying of vast tracts of land on a global scale and sea-level rise; thereby triggered loss of settlement areas and agriculturally usable areas; This triggered migrations of peoples, known only as a so-called refugee crisis. However, the extent of climate-induced migrations greatly exceeds that of war-caused flight movements worldwide. In summary: We are currently dealing with fundamentally changing conditions. The relatively young sciences, which deal with the biological, ecological and meteorological side of our world, sound the alarm. Fast rethinking, energetic reversal is needed. But that also means that we are facing fundamentally changed conditions for the dense city and for sustainable architecture and a sustainable urban development. The consequences of climate change are an essential cause. Once again: So it's about the living conditions for the species homo sapiens in the city. And this question is now in a tightened form. It is by no means 'only' biodiversity, the destruction of the livelihoods of flora and fauna through urbanization, urban land-grabbing and agrarian monocultures. It is also about the destruction of the livelihoods of us humans themselves. However, the way out is not the nature reserve for flora and fauna and for us the back to the garden city à la Ebenezer Howard. We have to put both requirements on top of each other: we have to realize that the dense city itself has to become 'nature', i. to a form of nature that can secure our physical and psychological survival as a species. Thus, an old dream, an old idea has re-entered the stage: the idea of peaceful coexistence and cooperation with nature. We begin to understand our existential dependence on 'nature' – more precisely, our dependence on extra-human nature. We understand that we are only part of a whole, albeit a very aggressive, dominant part. Our vital breathing air must be produced by plants and trees, and these are also air purifying systems and moisture management systems – with ingenious 'natural' technology that works far better than our almost bumbling, albeit scientifically sound technical installations. The great rethinking is emerging: Instead of separation of city and nature of both integration: constructive coexistence in the dense and equally densely green city.
Abbildungen Helga Fassbinder, Sema Bekiroviç (2), Schreiner&Kastler (1), Buro Baustadtrat Ludwig (1)


text:
Q: number of time periods between the previous two periods where (non-zero) demand occurs in Python I'm trying to get the time interval of the last two periods of non-zero demand. The final column should be as shown in nonzero_interval. TIA.
edit:
I've added a link to the paper where this question was motivated from.
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

df = pd.DataFrame(
    {'y': [34, 12, 2, 0, 0, 0, 23, 0, 10, 0],
    'nonzero_interval' : [np.nan, np. nan, 1,1,1,1,1,4,4,2]})

print(df)

The idea comes from Forecasting Intermittent Demand Patterns with Time Seriesand Machine Learning Methodologies

A: IIUC, you can do it with groupby.transform with count, the groups are created where there are a value not equal to 0 with cumsum. then change where the values are equal to 0 to nan with where, shift and ffill.
df['nonzero_interval'] = (df.groupby(df['y'].ne(0).cumsum().shift())
                            ['y'].transform('count')
                            .where(df['y'].ne(0))
                            .shift().ffill()
                         )
print (df)
    y  nonzero_interval
0  34               NaN
1  12               NaN
2   2               1.0
3   0               1.0
4   0               1.0
5   0               1.0
6  23               1.0
7   0               4.0
8  10               4.0
9   0               2.0

A: One method from numpy
n=2
s=df[df.y.ne(0)].index
a=np.diag(s.values-s.values[:,None],k=n-1)
df['New']=pd.Series(a,index=s[n-1:])
df.New=df.New.shift(n-1).ffill()
df
    y  nonzero_interval  New
0  34               NaN  NaN
1  12               NaN  NaN
2   2               1.0  1.0
3   0               1.0  1.0
4   0               1.0  1.0
5   0               1.0  1.0
6  23               1.0  1.0
7   0               4.0  4.0
8  10               4.0  4.0
9   0               2.0  2.0

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Open Journal of Pediatrics > Vol.3 No.3, September 2013
Comparative efficacy of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children ()
Mujibul Hoque, Mohammad Nuruzzaman, Md. Abdul Malik
Department of Pediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, Bangladesh.
DOI: 10.4236/ojped.2013.33046 PDF HTML 5,944 Downloads 10,141 Views Citations
Pneumonia is a common cause of mortality and morbidity in under-5 children throughout the world. Globally an estimated 156 million new episodes of pneumonia occur each year in children and 2 million children die from pneumonia each year which is 20 percent of all deaths of children under five years old. Ceftriaxone is a commonly used drug for empiric treatment of community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children. Levofloxacin may be an adequate option for empiric therapy in treatment of CAP in children because it gives the broad spectrum activity against both bacterial and atypical pathogens causing CAP and studies suggest that it can be safely used in children. This open labeled, randomized, comparative clinical trial was carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh during January, 2011 & December, 2012 to compare the efficacy of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the treatment CAP in children. A total 70 cases of CAP were enrolled. 35 cases were allocated to levofloxacin group and another 35 cases to ceftriaxone group. At first the study cases were selected by systematic random sampling. Group allocation to either levofloxacin or ceftriaxone group was done by lottery method. Total duration for receiving study drugs was seven days. Dose of levofloxacin was 10 mg/kg/day children ≥5 years, where as it was 10 mg/kg 12 hourly in 6 months to <5 years age groups. Dose of ceftriaxone was 75 mg/kg/day. Response to treatment was assessed initially after 3 days and also after 7 days by clinical symptoms and signs. Clinical cure rate was determined by disappearance of the clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia and resolution of radiological findings reported at admission. Clinical responses were categorized as cured and treatment failure. 91.43% cases were cured in levofloxacin group, whereas cure rate of ceftriaxone group was 68.57% which was statistically significant (p = 0.0168). Adverse effects of levofloxacin were found as skin rash in 1 case and vomiting in 2 cases whereas skin rash was found in 1 case in ceftriaxone group. So it can be concluded that levofloxacin is more effective than ceftriaxone in the treatment of CAP in children.
Community Acquired Pneumonia; Ceftriaxone; Levofloxacin
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Hoque, M. , Nuruzzaman, M. and Malik, M. (2013) Comparative efficacy of levofloxacin and ceftriaxone in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia in children. Open Journal of Pediatrics, 3, 266-269. doi: 10.4236/ojped.2013.33046.
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[2] Kabra, S.K., Lodha, R. and Pandy, R.M. (2010) Antibiotic for community acquired pneumonia in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 17. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub3
[3] UNICEF/WHO (2013) Pneumonia: The forgotten killer of children. http://www. who. int/ maternal_child_adolesc ent/documents/9 280640489/en/
[4] Naheed, A., Saha, S.K., Breiman, R.F., Khatun, F., Brooks, W.A., Arifeen, S.E., et al. (2009) Multihospital surveillance of pneumonia burden among children aged <5 years hospitalized for pneumonia in Bangladesh. CID, 48, S82-S89. doi:10.1086/596485
[5] Bradley, J.S., Arguedas, A., Blumer, J.L., Saéz-Llorens, X., Melkote, R. and Noel, G.J. (2007) Comparative study of levofloxacin in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia. The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 26, 868-878. doi:10.1097/INF.0b013e3180cbd2c7
[6] Chein, S., Wells, T.G., Blumer, J.L., Kearnset, G.L., Bradly, J.S., Bocchini, J.A., et al. (2005) Levofloxacin pharmacokinetic in children. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology,45,153-160.doi:10. 1177/009 1270004271944
[7] Rang, H.P., Dale, M.M., Ritter, J.M. and Flower, R.J. (2008) Rang and dale's pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, New York, 660-678.
[8] Pallares, R., Linares, J., Vadillo, M., Cabellos, C., Manresa, F., Viladrich, P.F., Martin, R. and Gudiol, F. (1995) Penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona. The New England Journal of Medicine, 333, 474-480. doi:10.1056/NEJM199508243330802
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[10] Bradly, J.A. (2013) Multicentre, randomized, open-label, comparative study to compare the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin and standard of care therapy in the treatment of children with community-acquired pneumonia in the hospitalized or outpatient setting. http://filehosting.pharmacon.com
[11] Chambers, H.F. and Deck, D.H. (2009) Sulfonamides, trimethoprim & quinolones. In: Katzung, B.G., Master, S.B. and Trevor, J.A., Eds., Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Prentice-Hall International Inc., New Delhi, 815-822.
[12] File, J.R., Segreti, J., Dunbar, L., Player, R., Kohler, R., Williams, R.R., et al. (1997) A multicentre, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents and Chemother, 41, 1965-1972.
[13] Prescot, L.M. (2002) Highlights of the 41st interscience conference on antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. Pharmacy & Therapeutics, 77, 143-146.
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Snyder reveals plans for alternate timeline, Flash in scrapped Justice League sequel
March 30, 2020, 12:32 PM ET
Credit: Warner Bros.
If you thought Zack Snyder was done talking about his plans for the DCEU that never saw the light of day, then you've got another thing coming, bub. Over the weekend, the filmmaker sat down and provided a running director's commentary on Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice. While the video clocks in at over three hours, it is chock full of interesting tidbits about the comic book film.
One really interesting moment comes when Snyder breaks down Barry Allen's cosmic treadmill trip back in time to warn Batman (Ben Affleck) about Lois Lane (Amy Adams) being "the key." During this scene, the Flash (Ezra Miller) also implores Bruce to "find us" (meaning the Justice League) and informs Wayne that his fears about Superman (Henry Cavill) are indeed valid.
Per Snyder, all of this would've set the stage for a future Justice League movie, where he wanted the team to realize that Barry's warning in Dawn of Justice came too early. This prompts them to send Flash back to the past for the second time, which results in an alternate timeline.
Zack Snyders Batman V Superman Directors Commentary
"I had this idea that in the future when [the Justice League] are talking about sending Flash back in time to warn him [Bruce Wayne]," he said. "Cyborg, whose doing the calculation to send him back, would say, 'I have two possibilities of where to send Flash back in time. The numbers point to two moments to warn you [Bruce] ... Like if it's right near the moment where this event might happen—where Lois might get killed, or Bruce isn't able to stop it, however that's happening—it would be important if Flash came closer to that moment, so that Bruce could understand the reality of it."
Confused? Don't worry, things tend to mess with your mind when the space-time continuum is involved. According to CBR, Flash's short BvS warning ties into Snyder's plan for Justice League 2, where the team was going to fight Darkseid on Apokolips and lose. The villain was then supposed to kill Lois, corrupt Superman with the Anti-Life Equation, and takes over Earth. This would fulfill the apocalyptic "Knightmare" dream Bruce glimpses in Dawn of Justice.
Justice League 3 would've gone full Avengers: Endgame as the fractured team sends Allen back to a more critical period in time when Bruce has the ability to save Lois and prevent Darkseid from winning. Flash is successful and establishes a new timeline where the League, now whole and untainted by the stink of defeat, rebuffs Darkseid's invasion of the planet.
"And so, in the future Bruce says to Cyborg, 'Well, what times would you send me back [to]? What time right now would you send me back?' And [Cyborg] says, 'I'm leaning toward this.' And Bruce says, 'Do the other one, because you already sent me that one and it was too early, so send me to the other one,'" Snyder continued. "So that's how he's able to send [Flash] back again. Because in the new timeline, he goes to a different point in time that's closer to the event that we haven't seen yet in this film."
Ezra Miller


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— Feeld Guides
How to have an eco-conscious sex life
We impact the environment everywhere - including in the bedroom. Here's how you can do good while getting off
By Abby Moss
There are lots of little ways we can try to help the planet – whether that's recycling, eating less meat or (as I did this year and I'm quite pleased about it) getting a fizzy water maker instead of buying bottled water. But what about our sex lives – how can we make these more eco-friendly, whether we're single, in a relationship or dating?
We've got some tips and advice on how to make your sex life kinder for the planet…
Wait… my sex life is damaging the environment?
Sorry to be the bearer of bad news, but yeah possibly. The UN estimates that every year more than 10 billion latex condoms are manufactured and the vast majority of these end up in landfill. Most latex used in condoms is synthetic, meaning it's manufactured using chemicals such as polyurethane (itself derived from petrol, which contributes even more to its carbon footprint) and which takes years to biodegrade. As they break down, they also release these chemicals which can then end up in soils and water sources, seriously contaminating the environment.
Sex toys are also often wasteful and polluting – made from petrol-derived plastics and often battery-powered. Lithium batteries (the most common type in small appliances like sex toys) can cause landfill fires which result in plumes of chemical-laden smoke that can travel for miles. The corrosive chemicals in the batteries also leak out as they age and damage soil and water, killing plants and marine life.
But I don't have to give up sex toys right?!
Nope! Luckily, there are loads of great companies out there who are starting to change the scene by creating great, safe and stylish toys that are better for the environment. One of these is The Natural Love Company, who use all sustainable materials – their range of glass dildos is especially classy –, zero plastic packaging, carbon-negative delivery AND for every product you buy they'll plant a tree. Another brand I'm really into is Love Not War, who make a super sustainable (and really stylish) wand vibrator, the Koi. It's palm-sized but very powerful, and it has a rose gold base that can be switched with interchangeable heads – basically making it a whole collection of sex toys in one.
A number of mainstream brands are now making moves towards becoming greener too. Absolute orgasmic fave Womanizer now have an eco toy in their range too, the Womanizer Premium Eco, which is a completely biodegradable version of their most well known toy.
What about condoms and lube?
Obviously skipping on condoms is not a good idea. And lube is an important part of safe and pleasurable sex too. Although synthetic latex isn't biodegradable, natural latex is entirely composed of rubber, which is a natural compound made of sap from rubber trees. This natural rubber breaks down much more easily and doesn't release nasties into the environment when it does. Hanx make natural and vegan condoms and they offer a subscription service so you'll never find yourself having to make a midnight dash to the off-licence again. If you have a latex allergy, Glyde have a range of more environmentally friendly non-latex condoms, as well as a range of dental dams and femidoms.
And as for lube, there are loads of great options for eco-friendly and cruelty-free products. There's this one with especially nice packaging from East London brand Neighbourhood Botanical, or there's this one that looks like high-end hand wash (you could easily just keep it out on the dresser without upsetting your mum).
What else can I do to have a greener sex life?
Use Feeld to reduce your dating commute
Have you been travelling long distances for dates? We feel you, a great human connection can definitely be worth a bit of a journey – but meeting people more local to you is greener and, let's face it, more practical. Feeld Cores are areas where there are a lot of Feeld users, such as London, New York and Berlin.
But if you're not in (or close to) one of these cities, you can also check into a virtual location: Staying At Home, Remote Trios, or, for those looking to cut out the small-talk, Fantasy Bunker.
Attend more eco-friendly sex parties and events
And what about sex parties and events? A lot of safe spaces for sex-positive people are making moves towards a greener future.
Daniel Saynt is founder of the New Society For Wellness (NSFW) a sex and cannabis-friendly private members club in Manhattan, NYC. As well as choosing eco-friendly condoms and lubes at their events, in 2022 Daniel will be focusing on more nature-oriented events as a way to reconnect with his Tiano roots and encourage members to connect with the natural world. 'We are hosting a festival in May which will be eco-conscious and help our members reconnect to the earth and to find more spiritual sex practices,' says Daniel. 'My hope is to help introduce more people to culturally native ways of approaching love, gender and relationships. Our relationship to the earth is a big part of this.'
Recycle your old toys
And no, before you ask, this doesn't mean taking your old sex toys down to your local charity shop (definitely don't do this). There are various services that will recycle the useable parts of your sex toys (the plastics, the electrical components and rechargeable batteries). This super handy blog explains how it works and includes a list of companies and services that will recycle your old toys.
How to make your sex life more eco friendly in four easy steps:
1 - Switch to more sustainable toys, lubes and condoms
2 - Use Feeld to find dates closer to you
3 - Choose to attend more eco-conscious events and parties
4 - Use services that recycle old toys
Abby Moss is a freelance journalist specialising in sex, relationships, and feminism. She lives in London with her partners and their growing animal menagerie, and can be found on Instagram @abbyrmoss
Feeld Notes: The Day I discovered polyamory was for me
Can you be friends with an ex?


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And last but not lease our amazing fundraising team and executive extraordinaire!


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10/03/2019 10/10/2019 / Local News, News
Newton Daily News // "We can still have our differences — that's fine — but we should be able to get along while we do it," Peters said, noting that although he ran as a Republican candidate he sees himself more as a Libertarian. "So that's kind of what Braver Angels is all about." Last week, Peters held a screening of the "Braver Angels: Reuniting America" documentary and coaxed a brief discussion with some of Jasper County's elected officials, 2020 campaign workers, candidates and voters at the Newton Public Library.
How to Respectfully Disagree
The Daily Universe// Is there a good way to disagree with someone while still being respectful of their thoughts and opinions? BYU persuasive writing professor Erin Blackmun teaches her students that sharing their opinions with each other is an opportunity to be enlightened.
How to respectfully disagree – The Daily Universe
10/03/2019 10/03/2019 / News V2
'We must not be enemies' – Newton Daily News


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Ivermectin costs about per dose. However, Agbayani didn't spend lengthy defending his medical credentials, however as a substitute advocated using ivermectin by referring to the wealth of scientific studies with which he was by now very acquainted. However, the lone examine exhibiting a impartial impact was roundly criticized as flawed in an open letter signed by a group of one hundred twenty physicians. It does, nonetheless, require that any dialogue in favor of the drug embody disclaimers that either refutes those optimistic claims or outlines official tips on the subject. Physicians have just lately written a few revenue motive by regulatory businesses and Big Pharma to block low-cost, secure, and efficient therapies like Ivermectin and HCQ in favor of experimental and perhaps more harmful and arguably much less effective vaccines and medicines like Remdesivir. Physicians who make use of good judgment and scientific studies are thought-about violators, in addition to those who publish factual accounts of Ivermectin-based recovery tales.
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In step with numerous meta-analyses of ivermectin RCT's since published by knowledgeable panels from the UK, Italy, Spain, and Japan, they discovered massive, statistically significant reduction in mortality, time to recovery and viral clearance in COVID-19 patients handled with ivermectin. This helped in rising the recovery rate". And that has helped to scale back the pressure on hospitals and very important resources equivalent to oxygen. In a May 7 article titled "Going the Last Mile to Stop Covid-19" the WHO famous that aggressive inhabitants-extensive health schemes, together with home testing and "medicine kits", had helped regain management of the virus. "When the health officials noticed individuals with signs during the survey, they tested them instantly and provided them with house isolation kits, which had medicines like Ivermectin, calcium and zinc tablets along with paracetamol. The damage caused by strongyles, is the primary purpose that parasite management is so essential to the health of your horse. But in October, after the first wave had been introduced beneath control, a newly elected authorities in Lima took the inexplicable step of withdrawing numerous medicines, together with ivermectin, from its remedy guide for the disease. The one medicines which can be nonetheless advisable for early treatment are cold medicines, antipyretics equivalent to paracetamol and inhaled budesonide.
While the official numbers of instances and deaths are most likely nonetheless a fraction of the actual numbers, the trend is clearly transferring in the proper direction. Despite Merck joining other vaccine companies in pushing out speedily developed new medicine, ivermectin was still being facet-lined, though it has been "used for 25 years," said Agbayani. Two more movies were either taken down or marked with warnings, and another, with Robert Malone, the inventor of mRNA vaccine expertise, was taken down in the course of the writing of this text after 587,331 views, leaving Weinstein in a precarious place. Many ivermectin advocates consider discussion of the the drug is being suppressed because of its status as a risk to a billion-dollar vaccine business, but it's just as seemingly that its repute worldwide as a "populist" remedy, a medicine taken by individuals not waiting for official validation, has made it a goal of censors and pundits alike. Dr. George Fareed, former Harvard professor, advocates combination therapy of Ivermectin with HCQ in outpatient cases. Review processing is carried out by the editorial board members of Journal of Infectious Diseases & Therapy or outdoors experts; at the very least two impartial reviewers approval followed by editor approval is required for acceptance of any citable manuscript.
American Journal of Therapeutics, the analysis is the most complete assessment of the accessible knowledge taken from clinical, in vitro, animal, and real-world research. "We did the work that the medical authorities failed to do, we performed probably the most complete overview of the out there knowledge on ivermectin," mentioned Pierre Kory, M.P.A., MD, president and chief medical officer of the FLCCC. But what the WHO failed to say is what was in those medicine kits. This medicine is considered as a fruitful therapy for scabies as opposed to different obtainable medicines available in the market. As such, it was no shock that WHO was delighted with the DGHS' policy reversal. India's Directorate Basic of Well being Providers (DGHS) has executed a policy reversal that might have huge implications for the battle towards covid-19, not solely in India but around the globe. YouTube's coverage is elaborately thought out. How can Merck become profitable out of ivermectin, if the patents already expired in 1996, so even if it tries that, I don't think they'll earn cash in any respect, when so many different companies are making ivermectin. The graph above, taken from a study by Juan Chamie, Jennifer Hibberd of the University of Toronto and David Scheim of the US Public Health Service, exhibits the sharp rise, fall and resurgence in excess deaths (among the many over 60 year-outdated cohort) in Peru as the virus waxed, waned and waxed again. One of the most outstanding examples includes Bret Weinstein, whose DarkHorse podcast is likely one of the sooner-growing independent political exhibits on-line.
Such a mechanism has no effect on the Wolbachia-adverse Loa loa parasites that may cause severe adverse events in some coinfected people treated with the usual anti-filarial drug ivermectin (17). Doxycycline has been confirmed effective as an anti-Wolbachia macrofilaricidal agent, however its lengthy course of treatment (four to six weeks) and contraindications in pregnancy and young kids prohibit its widespread use. If any of those signs are noticed, then consulting a medical practitioner is a should. When using this drug, extreme facet reactions can occur when other infections of the body, akin to river blindness, are present. They get damaged right down to their individual amino acids. One should not neglect animal fats as they are wealthy in the fatty acids the body must create the adrenal response. These are extreme circumstances of adrenal illness, nevertheless Alternative medication has identified that there can more refined points, Adrenal Fatigue (AF) is one of those. Note: Any form of stress results in a weakening of the physique and the adrenals. 'In vitro promise results in clinical failure within the vast majority of instances, and in the unstable surroundings of the present pandemic, it's important that we are sensitive to the implications of our communication and apply our resources to compounds most prone to succeed,' the authors of one of many letters wrote.
The presence of those pathogens in the body leads to the over manufacturing of the physique's defense cells known as eosinophils. Bloating and Gas: The inflammation triggered as a result of toxins, produced by the pathogens residing within the small intestine can lead to a feeling of fullness or bloating and fuel. The presence of microorganisms like micro organism, viruses and other pathogens can efficiently infect the intestines inflicting infection of the intestine, typically known as gastroenteritis. This situation can develop into diarrhea, or amoebiasis the place the particular person might experience loose, watery stools. The parasites which can be present within the intestinal tract can cause inflammation of the internal lining or the mucosa membrane of the intestines. Buttermilk, lime juice, ginger tea, peppermint tea are highly recommended for an individual infected with gastroenteritis. It is very important root out these stressors. It has been proven that beneath most stressors that magnesium is misplaced. So it is essential that these who're suffering with adrenal points from these parasites look to magnesium to help them.
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Biological stress could also be a more essential role in well being or disease. And of course the most recent analysis on Vitamin D exhibits its position in the immune system and neurological. Vitamin C can't be manufactured within the human physique although it may be in animals. So to make a long story short, mineral and vitamin or nutrient deficiency can cause protein assimilation issues along with heavy metals. One of these problems is parasites. In line with (Bundy, 1997) the world is encountering an awesome problem and it's apparent https://sweeplett.info/can-ivermectin-be-bought-over-the-counter-in-malaysia particularly in creating countries as it is the intestinal parasites which represents a fantastic well being downside that wants much work from researchers. Sodium & Potassium are two other electrolytes that play key roles in what companies produce ivermectin the body, one of those pet store ivermectin stromectol being neurological health. Adelle Davis links the roles of potassium and sodium ranges based mostly on Selye's three fashions of adrenal well being. After all sodium is mostly regarded as being a nasty mineral to intake which could be true if potassium and magnesium levels are diminished. They offer just a few ranges of testing. He was very generous and told me that serum testing is the one way to test not urine.
It's widely believed that Americans do not get parasites, this was informed to me by an Infectious Disease doctor. The BBC has been advised there have been round one hundred circumstances on the aircraft service, which is an element means by way of a world tour. For the repeat experiment, one hundred mg/kg pararosaniline was used. There are some intestinal parasites which get into the intestine via varied ways; eating uncooked or unwashed foods, contaminated fingers or water and bodily contact with larva-infected soil. Once contained in the intestine, they populate the gastrointestinal tract and colonize the partitions of the intestine. The last nations joined this system only in 2010. Treatment must proceed for many years, as a result of the drugs solely kill the larvae and not the grownup worms, which can dwell inside humans for over 10 years,' observes Coffeng. The presence of those allergy producing parasites also can set off the over manufacturing of immunoglobulin E (IgE), which is a sort of antibody. It'd take a couple of makes an attempt over the course of a few weeks, or months or years. In some cases, pinworms may additionally cause fever, abdominal pain, bloody bowel movements and poor appetite.
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Training recap #8 covers two weeks from February 25 to March 10, 2019. During the previous training session #7, I ran 33 miles on 10 days (2 days off per week).
New Feature: Starting with this training period, I will share my short-term training goals for the 2-week period, and how I delivered against those goals. I wrote about my long-term goals here. Being transparent, and reconciling my actual performance against my goals, will help me hold myself accountable, and enable me to learn lessons quickly and adapt my training.
My goals comprise continuing to build my foundation and increase mileage, number of running days, and distance of the long run, all within the 10% Rule. Target is to run 20 mpw on 6 days running, with a 6 mile long run. That adds up to 40 miles over 2 weeks. I will continue building the foundation with 2 core and strength workouts per week. To improve running form and neuromuscular response, I will add strides once per week. And last, I will continue cross-training after the long-run on my spin bike.
Let's review how I delivered against those goals. Spoiler alert: Tale of 2 weeks, first one great, second not so much.
There we have it. First 20-mile week, first 6 days of running (Monday off), and first 6-mile long run (Sunday). Yay!
Couple solid runs: Wednesday 3-mile progression run on snowy trails in 22:59 (splits: 8:08, 7:28, 7:23), and Thursday 2-mile progression run in 15:10 (splits: 8:07, 7:03). Progression runs are excellent to build aerobic strength.
Given the ramp-up in volume and quality this week, I sacrificed the strides.
I ran my longest long-run on Sunday, and with snow, ice and slush covering the Waveny trails and fields, it was as much an aerobic as it was a mental effort. It was challenging to stay upright and keep moving forward.
Too exhausted physically and mentally, I did not cross-train on my spin bike, and pushed my 2nd core and strength session into next week (I did only one on Thursday).
Week 2: Weather Wreaks Havoc – Again!
On Tuesday it dumped about a foot of snow, and it was impossible to run either in Waveny Park or on the roads (black ice). Strides would have to wait another week.
On Wednesday I ran on the roads at a slow pace given treacherous conditions. The highlight was returning back to my car and watching the sunset over Waveny Park (photo above).
I did not run on Thursday as conditions had not improved, and I wasn't yet prepared to run consecutive days on the roads given past metatarsal stress reaction.
Finished the week with 3 miles each on Friday and Saturday, and 6 miles on Sunday, all back on the Waveny trails still covered in snow and ice. That resulted in 15 miles for the week on 4 days of running.
After my Sunday long-run, I again did not cross-train on my spin bike due to exhaustion (didn't want to fall off the bike!), but I did complete my 3rd core and strength workout for the week.
Overall I did not reach my goals for the 2-week training session. I ran 35 miles (20 miles and 15 miles) vs. my goal of 40 miles. 10 days of running vs. my goal of 12 days. No cross-training on spin bike, and no strides.
I'm a "glass half-full person", so I look at the positive takeaways. Ramping up from 12 miles to 20 miles in 4 weeks, and from 4-mile long run to 6-mile long run. Although feeling banged up from the challenging weather conditions, overall healthy and feeling good.
How can I improve? Change the approach to running on challenging days. Forget about pace, and focus on aerobic effort and just getting out there and completing a workout, no matter the conditions and the outcome.
For example, during the 2nd week, after a snowstorm dumped a foot of snow, I ran back on the Waveny trails on Friday to Sunday, and although conditions had improved marginally, my pace was around 10 minutes on Friday and barely below 9 minutes on the weekend. However, my aerobic effort was probably equivalent to running at 7 to 7:30 pace, and mentally the focus and perseverance required to complete the runs was intense.
How else can I improve? Continue the non-running part of the program, especially the stretching, core and strength work. The challenging runs validated the importance of strength, stability and mobility to maintain forward momentum and adjust quickly to potential problems. During better running conditions, this foundational work will make me a stronger, faster runner, and reduce injury risk.
Thank you for reading. Would love to hear some feedback. How are you tracking your goals? What are your challenges, and how are you applying lessons learned?


text:
Raimi shows he's haunted (in a good way!) by his earlier works
on May 20, 2009 by Richard Mowe
3.0/5 rating
4.0/5 income
After his sortie with the Spider-Man franchise, director Sam Raimi returns to the horror arena with a film that has many echoes of his earlier work—think the Evil Dead series for a sense of the playful flavor. His name alone should pull in the punters, while solid word of mouth ought to give it legs. The humor feels deliciously dark and the film's more thoughtful than a gorefest or a roller coaster ride, hence the lighter and more accessible rating which should help support the film's already high earning potential.
Working from a script by his brother Ivan, director Sam Raimi returns to the horror genre with a distinct spring in his step and a special midnight slot at the Cannes Film Festival as a launch pad.
Rather than relying on easy options, the two Raimis have concocted an original tale of a young woman's desperate quest to escape an evil curse. Christine Brown (played with considerable resourceful by Alison Lohman) is an ambitious L.A. loan officer with a charming boyfriend, Professor Clay Dalton (the up-and-coming Justin Long).
Their life together appears to have everything going for it until the mysterious Mrs. Ganush (Lorna Raver) arrives at the bank to plead for an extension on her home loan. Christine's dilemma revolves around whether she should follow her instincts and give the old woman a break, or deny the extension and earn the approval of her boss, Mr. Jacks (David Paymer).
Finally she decides to opt for the latter and dispossesses Christine of her home. (How could she know it was going to be such a wrong move?) In retaliation, the old woman places the curse of the Lamia upon her. This has the effect of transforming her life into a living nightmare. Haunted by an evil spirit and misunderstood by a skeptical boyfriend, she seeks the aid of seer Rham Jas (Dileep Rao) to save her soul from eternal damnation and he devises a formula to reverse the spell—but how far is she prepared to go to get herself away from the curse?
Raimi, who in his Evil Dead days showed a penchant for limb-chopping and blood-spewing special effects, shows more restraint here and also plays much of it for laughs—while at the same time scaring us witless. You can see the influence of such horror classics as The Exorcist and The Omen.
Drag Me to Hell shows him back confidently where he belongs, displaying his trademark brio and invention.
Cast: Alison Lohman, Justin Long, Lorna Raver, Dileep Rao, David Paymer and Adriana Barraza
Screenwriters: Sam Raimi & Ivan Raimi
Producers: Sam Raimi, Robert G. Tapert and Grant Curtis
Rating: PG-13 for sequences of horror violence, terror, disturbing images and language.
Running time: 99 min
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Ha! I love those Dos Equis ads. They're odd, but always make me laugh.
I suppose for me, blogging keeps me accountable – to myself. If I write it, I will do it. Writing helps solidify important lessons, to work through questions. And I wouldn't have to blog in order to write, but I love to feedback. I love learning from others – and that sense of community is so motivational.
Oh, you touched on a topic on which I vacillate and ruminate A LOT. I always try to consider what I'm sharing and why I'm sharing it. As long as I'm ok with the answer, I share.
Sometimes I think I'm being oh so very coy and clever about what I share and what I don't… and then I realize I'm still putting so much (too much?) of my life out there.
A lot of me is on the record.. on the blog. But as much as I'm ok with that space, I don't care to put too much on Facebook. I don't know why! Twitter is fine, little bits and pieces, and yes, they all connect to the blog, but I feel like the blog is my home. So I can be open there, in what I create, where the other spaces are more like I'm a guest and are just snapshots of what life is like at my home. I don't know if that makes sense. Like, I wouldn't walk around without a bra while visiting you, but I would at my house. Bad bad metaphor… but you can get where I'm going with it. I hope!
I think there are two different camps on this subject. My sister and my husband often say, You are going to put __________ on the blog and my usual response is yes, I am. I think there are certain items that should be kept off the record, but I think as writers we have this tick to write it down, to make it permanent, and push publish. For some, I know it doesn't work. They are guarded and they are private, but I think there has to be people who are willing to lay it on the line. It is essential for progress, for the writer and his or her audience.
Great Post for your under one hour limit. Here's to keeping the momentum going.
The bulk of my past 8.5 years is on the record in my LiveJournal. In a way, it feels good to have let everything out over the years, but on the other hand, have I spent so much of my life writing about my life that I've missed out on truly living it?
My college best friend and I met through a blogging site called Free Open Diary. Back then, she journaled constantly. I journaled constantly. Oftentimes, that's how we kept up with each other.
Has keeping a blog handicapped me? I feel like my ideas for writing a novel or songs or poetry are very diminished because my blogging muscles are so strong and overpowering. But I like having this written record of my life and something to look back on. What if I get Alzheimer's one day, ya know? Or some other form of dementia? What if my life that I've lived for 60, 70, 80, or more years is suddenly a long stretch of nothing?
In a way, it has made me more observant. It's also made me more understanding of how others behave and feel and how I relate to those behaviors and feelings. It's also been my therapy and lifesaver. If only I'd stuck with it throughout my teens, back when I first started writing, but abruptly stopped when my brothers were finding my diary and telling my dad, who I was most angry with and hurt by, what I was saying about him.
My LJ was public for yeeeeears, okay, like four years, until my stepmother found it and began, like my brothers, telling my dad what I was writing about even though she swore she wouldn't. Now, it's locked and filtered and I have to let people in to see it. So I guess some people have had an all-access pass to my life and thoughts (or the majority of them), but I really don't want to think of the person I'd be if not for my blogging.


Snow is a at-home teeth whitening technology which doesn't require a prescription and can be FDA approved. According to Snow,"top star dentists" use it and are pleased with the results. They also say it's an award winning system for whitening teeth.
The Harvard science research firm, Snow Labs serves over 100,000 customers. They say they're constantly trying to improve the technology and consistently trying to discharge products. Plus they give a few of the proceeds to help provide dental treatments.
The Snow teeth whitening treatment is an FDA-approved, at-home technology that gives folks dentist-level whitening at a fraction of the cost. It was created by a Harvard science study company.
Purchasing Snow is easy and pretty straightforward. Just visit Snow's internet shop and buy it there.
The company states they deliver your purchase fast and totally free of charge. International orders will have a small fee.
Although they do not have a guarantee, they really do have a 100% outcomes warranty. This means if you are not happy with your results, they will replace the serum. Simply put, they don't accept returns or issue any money refunds — they will only issue store credit in the kind of a gift card.
Customers and reviewers phone Snow revolutionary and groundbreaking. It appears to perform better compared to whitening trays and strips some actually compare it to whitening processes achieved by dentists.
The majority of the people who've employed Snow see results in around three days, but every individual should use it until they see the results they desire. It could take up to 21 days of use for 15-30 minutes per session.
Most of the user reviews must do with customer support from early in the company's life. The product seems to function and the client support has improved over the years.
For the most part, reviews of Snow are incredibly favorable. Apparently, not every customer will experience exactly the very same effects but it's generally considered a radical technology.
First, you apply a whitening serum by means of a brush. It's a cream-type substance that you paint onto your teeth. Next, you place the Snow device it fits over your teeth like a tight mouth guard.
The Remineralization Gel that you need to use following the whitening treatment if you have sensitive teeth. This gel returns vitamins and minerals to your teeth, cut down sensitivity, and also will help strengthen your tooth enamel. If you do have sensitive teeth and gums, you shouldn't do it but rather have a break for 1-3 days.
Snow is FDA approved, which can be a big plus. So it is relatively secure. During the treatment, you do end up swallowing a little but not sufficient it is worrisome. In fact, even when you're breastfeeding, you can use this whitening treatment.


text:
Can sarcopenia predict outcomes in bladder cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy?
Corden, Michael
Chin, S.
Cree, Anthea
Satiti, A. D.
Green, Andrew
The University of Manchester, Radiotherapy Related Research, Manchester,
Purpose or Objective Bladder cancer is the tenth commonest malignancy in the UK, with approximately 10,200 new diagnoses and 5,400 deaths annually. Sarcopenia shows promise as a prognostic factor for bladder cancer and has been shown to predict overall survival (OS) in patients treated with radical cystectomy. The present study aims to assess sarcopenia as a predictor of OS and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC) of the bladder treated with organ-sparing concurrent gemcitabine and radiotherapy (GemX). Material and Methods 244 patients with non-metastatic UC, treated from 2010- 2017 with 52.5Gy in 20 fractions of curative intent radiotherapy with weekly gemcitabine, were identified for analysis. Pre-treatment computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained for 185 patients. The L3 vertebra was identified manually and machine learning software was used to assist skeletal muscle segmentation. Crosssectional area of skeletal muscle was obtained and normalised to patients' height. This provided skeletal muscle index (SMI). Sarcopenia was defined using sexspecific international consensus SMI definitions of <39 cm²/m² in women and <55 cm²/m² in men. Associations between pre-treatment sarcopenia and OS and PFS were analysed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves. Results Of 244 patients, 114 (46.7%) were sarcopenic, 71 (29.1%) were non-sarcopenic and 59 (24.2%) had unknown SMI as CT scans were not available. Sarcopenic patients tended to be male (85.1% vs 61.1% in non-sarcopenic patients). No significant differences were observed with respect to age, T stage, smoker status, presence of carcinoma in situ, albumin, haemoglobin, adult comorbidity evaluation-27, World Health Organisation Performance Status (WHO PS), hydronephrosis, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, tumour stage and provision of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Median OS and PFS were 40 (interquartile range [IQR] 23.8 – 62) and 32 (IQR 14 - 54.3) months respectively (see figure 1). Univariate analysis showed no association between sarcopenia and OS or PFS. On multivariate analysis, WHO PS, hydronephrosis and neutrophil count were associated with worse OS and PFS. Conclusion Sarcopenia is not associated with worse OS or PFS in bladder cancer patients treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Corden M, Chin S, Cree A, Hoskin P, McWilliam A, Satiti AD, et al. PO-1216: Can sarcopenia predict outcomes in bladder cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy? Radiotherapy and Oncology . 2020 Nov;152:S640.


text:
https://sixerswire.usatoday.com/2021/07/18/sixers-guard-matisse-thybulle-posts-new-vlog-of-olympic-experience-2/
Sixers guard Matisse Thybulle posts new vlog of Olympic experience
AP Photo/John Locher
Philadelphia 76ers guard Matisse Thybulle is known on the court for being one of the best defenders in the league. Coming off the bench and averaging just 20 minutes a night, he was still named to an All-Defensive Team and he made a huge impact on that end of the floor.
Off the court, he is known as Matisse Thybulle, the YouTube vlogger.
Thybulle began vlogging during the NBA restart in the bubble in 2020 and he became an instant sensation on the website. He has more than 421,000 subscribers to his channel. He continued to post to his vlog a bit during the abbreviated offseason before putting his channel on pause during the 2020-21 season. Now, he is back for his Olympic experience with Australia.
Thybulle posted Episode 2 of his "Road to Tokyo" series, and it started with a big BBQ where he had some fun with Australian teammate and Utah Jazz guard Joe Ingles as well as San Antonio Spurs veteran Patty Mills. He also received a big package of basketball gear delivered to his hotel room and he is trying to give away some of the sleeves he received in the package.
Thybulle and the Boomers recently picked up a win over Team USA when he had an impressive block on star Kevin Durant. He can use this Olympic experience to continue to grow his game and become a more complete player out on the floor before returning to the Sixers for training camp before the 2021-22 season.
3 trade options Sixers should look into for All-Star guard Ben Simmons
Sixers draft in review: Markelle Fultz selected with the No. 1 pick
Sixers 2021 NBA mock draft: Sharife Cooper adds needed bench scoring
Sixers guard Tyrese Maxey putting in work in the gym, drills 3-pointers


What a beauty Nature had given to Kashmir. You will feel alive when you travel to these places. Pictures will definitely blow your mind !
I will tell you important things which will keep you going through these places in a different state of mind.
The journey was absolutely tiring but the weather, the scenic nature was making every moment relax. We started from Manali in the night a day before and reached Jammu on 9.00.
We had breakfast at Jammu and booked a Shared Cab to travel. We booked Innova on sharing basis with two Brazilian girls and a Bangladeshi couple. We had great conversation with these guys. They told us that they are finding our country very amazing.
We had lunch near place called "Shaitan Tekdi" (Ghost's Hill). That driver told us that this place is haunted. But we experienced great weather over there. And from that point Kashmir started.
At 7.00 PM we reached Kashmir (Srinagar). Driver dropped us near Dal lake.
Travelling to these places makes people really think about how wonderful creation the nature had gifted us. Seriously, Travelling leaves you speechless and turns you into storyteller.
We booked Room in Dal Lake (Houseboat). It was really nice. What a great interior it was!
If you want to book this Houseboat.
We brought parcel from Hotel and had delicious food in the houseboat. And ended our day with gossips.
According to my opinion ; Kashmiri People are good hearted. They will never cheat you cause the care taker & owner of houseboat still in contact with me.
We started for Leh (Ladakh) so we went to Public transport stand by Shikara (Small Boat used for Transport in Dal Lake).
We started for Leh by booking Tavera. Bashir Bhai was the driver & owner of car indeed a very good person. Shared by Devashish, a lawyer from Gurgaon (Delhi) & his friend Sumit. We had a nice conversation with these guys.
We had breakfast before the mountain section starts.
The mountain section had started. Ice mountains from both side of car and deep valley was making that view beautiful as well as dangerous.
It was thrilling experience to travel in such circumstances.
We took halt at Zojila Pass where clicked many pictures and what I can say about the view with Maggi. Yumm!
After that we started our Journey..
We reached Indian War Memorial in Drass Sector. It was a very proud moment for us that Indian Soldiers won the battle with Pakistan but eventually sad one that many of our soldiers like Capt. Vikram Batra & Capt. Manoj Pandey & many soldiers sacrificed their lives for our Nation.
Reached at 1.00 AM around in Leh. Bashir bhai car driver was with us to book a good hotel room. Finally, booked Hotel Asia and slept with these epic travel memories.
Now, We are in Ladakh !
Thank you for reading travelians.


MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995 Dec 22;44(50):933-5.
Hypothermia-related deaths--New Mexico, October 1993-March 1994.
Hypothermia is an unintentional lowering of the body temperature to < or = 95 F (< or = 35 C) (1). From 1979 through 1992, 10,550 persons in the United States died from hypothermia, an average of 754 deaths per year (range: 557-1021). Most of these deaths occurred during winter months in three distinct climatic areas: northern states characterized by moderate to severe cold temperatures during winter (e.g., Illinois and New York); southern states where rapid changes in temperature occur because of the effects of weather systems (e.g., North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia); and western states in areas of high elevations and profound declines in temperatures at night (e.g., New Mexico and Arizona). From October 1993 through March 1994, a total of 23 deaths attributed to hypothermia were reported to the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator. This report summarizes the investigations of four of these deaths and the epidemiology for all 23 cases.


text:
Peter Joseph Licavoli (June 7, 1902 – January 11, 1984), was an American organized crime figure in St. Louis, Missouri before moving to Detroit, Michigan. He controlled criminal operations in Detroit and Toledo, Ohio, throughout the Prohibition era.

In the 1930s, Licavoli was convicted of bribing a federal official and spent two years at Leavenworth Penitentiary. He was arrested, tried, or suspected of murder seven times, and released seven times. His brother Dominic married Rosalie Zerilli, the eldest daughter of the Detroit Partnership boss Joseph Zerilli. In 1944, Licavoli left the Toledo-Detroit area for Arizona, living on Grace Ranch near Tucson, Arizona until his death in 1984.

Family Relations

Peter Licavoli was born in St. Louis, and his first dealings with the underworld began when he, his brother Thomas Licavoli and his cousin James Licavoli joined the Russo gang. Pete was brought up in a relatively Jewish neighborhood in St. Louis. Along with his family, Licavoli dealt mostly in illegal gambling operations before moving to Detroit later during Prohibition. After their move to the Detroit Area, Yonnie and James would not be as lucky as Pete. Yonnie was arrested for being involved in the murder of a bootlegger in Toledo and James went into hiding and fled to Pittsburgh. Pete was left to continue gaining control in Detroit where he worked extensively with Jewish gangs in Detroit.

Not much is known of Licavoli's early involvement in gang-life in St. Louis, but as he moved around the country, his list of known associates would bolster well known gangsters throughout the Midwest and even in New York City. Joseph Massei was a known associate of Licavoli in Detroit. His sister-in-law was married to Sam Zerilli, who along with Joseph Zerilli was a well known Crime Boss in Detroit. Pete was known to be a family man. He was accused of using political influence with US Senator Capehart. In the 40s, he pushed to pass a bill that prevented the deportation of his brother-in-law, Frank Cammarata. While Peter was never convicted, his relations with the Senator and the timing of the bill, were easily inferred to be underhanded dealings.

Licavoli's cousin brother who he grew up with, James Licavoli, would go on to become a highly respected crime boss in Cleveland. He was a key figure in the Licavoli-Greene wars, that saw several bombings in Cleveland in the 1970s. However there is little information of any involvement that Pete had with this part of James' life.

Dealings in Detroit

After moving to Detroit from St. Louis, Pete became established in the Detroit mob. He played a key role during Prohibition and was a part of many of the rum-running that happened during that time. During one of the runs in 1928, he bribed a customs officer to allow his gang to transport whiskey across the border from Canada. He attempted to pay the officer $200 and three bottles of whiskey to allow the rest of his alcohol to pass through the border. Later, in 1933, Licavoli pleaded guilty to the charge after evidence was brought against him by the officer he had bribed. The authorities sentenced Licavoli to 2 years at Leavenworth Penitentiary for this crime.  Additionally, a witness placed him at the killing of Henry Tupancy, a man who was shot while sitting in his car, reading the newspaper. Police claimed this to be part of an Italian rum running gang war. Two additional witnesses changed their stories to object the fact that Licavoli had any involvement in the murder. In 1943, Licavoli and 4 other men were indicted by a grand jury after being accused of making false statements to the Alcohol Tax Unit of the Government. These charges were brought after police tracked 100 barrels of whiskey that eventually were sold to Detroit bars and case buyers. They alleged Licavoli was the biggest distributor of this illegal liquor after one of his associates was arrested in a garage with hundreds of cases of liquor.

Pete may have also been involved in the automotive industry. During his testimony in front of a Senate committee, former Ford employee Bud Holt spoke about events that took place within the Ford Service Department in 1935. He claimed Pete helped recruit employees to "take care of certain trouble". According to Holt, Licavoli later demanded higher wages for his recruits, which would in turn lead to his financial benefit. Holt said Licavoli also forced Ford's Personnel Director, Harry Bennett's, car off the road after Bennett fired Licavoli's recruits. However, Holt denied this claim during the hearing. Additionally, Pete was questioned during the Investigation of Organized Crime in Interstate Commerce by the Kefauver committee in 1951. They asked him about his occupation, criminal record, and associates. Licavoli refused to answer almost all of the questions, claiming his answer may lead to his incrimination. During the hearing, Licavoli denied ever meeting or having a disagreement with Harry Bennett.

The Gotham Hotel

Peter Licavoli played an integral role in the organization's gambling operations in Detroit as a boss of the Detroit Mafia, with the Gotham Hotel playing an extremely important part in these operations. Constructed in the 1920s, this building was originally the Hotel Martinique, an upscale hotel that mainly catered to the white residents of Detroit. However, following its failure to operate profitably, the building at 111 Orchestra Place was purchased by John White, Walter Norwood, and Irving Roane in 1943 and renamed the Gotham Hotel.

The three owners of the Gotham Hotel purchased the building with the purpose of transforming it into a luxury hotel for the African-American community of Detroit. Due to widescale discrimination in Detroit throughout the early 20th century, black residents of Detroit were often barred from residency at many of the city's hotels. The Gotham Hotel succeeded in its goal of being a luxury destination to black citizens, in part to its exceptional location, classy decor, and top-of-the-class amenities. A measure of success and even an aid to business, the visits from African-American celebrities, like Jackie Robinson, Sammy Davis Jr, Billie Holiday, Jesse Owens, and many others, made the Gotham Hotel a well-known destination in the city. However, the success of the hotel was quickly undermined by the illicit activities of the Detroit mafia.

John White, one of the owners and operators of the Gotham Hotel, used the hotel as a front to run illegal poker games. Politicians and police detectives alike were frequent visitors of the hotel; as a result, it is presumed that those in charge of shutting down illegal operations, like the Gotham Hotel's gambling ring, knew about its existence but chose to not act. This was the case until November 9, 1962, when "112 officers from the Detroit Police, the IRS and the Michigan State Police descend[ed] on the hotel". The immediate result of this raid included the arrest of John White and 40 other people involved in the gambling, as well as "160,000 bet slips, $60,000 in cash (the equivalent of $473,000 today, when adjusted for inflation), 33 adding machines, marked playing cards and loaded dice." Among those missing from the arrests that day was Pete Licavoli. Although never formally indicted or charged for his involvement, Peter Licavoli is assumed to be very involved in these gambling operations, due to his position in the Detroit Mafia and the discovery of his phone number in John White's personal telephone directory. Seen as one of the most profitable and secure illegal gambling operations in Detroit, the fall of the Gotham Hotel operations deterred others in the city and led to the emigration of these operations to other cities.

Out of the Game, Arrests, and Death

Peter Licavoli's career with the mafia was not all booze and money--eventually he faced ramifications for his actions as one of the top bosses of the Detroit underworld. Throughout his career, he amassed 38 criminal charges ranging in severity. Licavoli was suspected of having a part in Detroit's most sensational underworld crime of 1930 when Jerry Buckley, an American radio commentator was gunned down in the lobby of the LaSelle Hotel in Detroit. Despite the seriousness of this accusation, Licavoli stood tough in court and eventually the charges were dropped for lack of evidence.

Violence was a recurring pattern in Pete's career. He was questioned and eventually released regarding two other prohibition era killings of rum-running Joe Tallman and St. Lous gunman Milford Jones. Authorities credit him with killing at least 15 people between his days as the boss of the Purple Gang and 1950, but he was never convicted of a single murder. Despite having 38 charges against him, Pete was only convicted for four of them: bribing a Canadian border guard during his rum-running days; income tax evasion in the 1950s; contempt of Congress for refusing to appear before a racket investigation and selling a stolen painting to an undercover agent.

Licavoli's tax evasion conviction seems silly when considering the $150 million annual income stream of his enterprises. Despite this immense wealth, Pete underreported his income in 1956 by $29,000 ($ in  dollars). He was indicted for this by a Federal grand jury in September of 1956. Licavoli entered a plea of no contest in 1958 and was charged with income tax evasion, resulting in a two and a half year sentence and $10,000 fine. In this trial, Federal Judge Theodore Levin rebutted Licavoli's lawyer's description of Pete as a "devoted family man and a diligent, hard-working, self-educated businessman," by pointing out that "Licavoli has been associating himself for 30 years with big-time, full-time, and old-time racketeers."

Licavoli's criminal career was not limited to the financial sphere. Licavoli also pleaded guilty to conspiracy to bribe a federal customs officer. Judge Edward J Moinet sentenced him to two years in prison and a $1,000 fine. This was the first crime Licavoli had been convicted of. Licavoli's guilty plea came after an undercover government agent and one of the former customs officers that Licavoli was accused of bribing provided damaging evidence: Licavoli had paid Shell Miller, a former customs border patrolman, $200 and three bottles of whiskey in 1928 to allow his liquor boats to arrive protected from Canada.

Towards the end of his career, Pete moved to Tucson, Arizona, becoming one of Arizona's wealthiest men. Licavoli purchased large amounts of land and commercial property in Tucson, including the Grace Ranch in honor of his wife Grace Bommarito. Grace Ranch served as the Licavoli family headquarters and became a safe haven for the mob for over 35 years. From Tucson, Licavoli set up the southwest gambling wire and supervised his Detroit rackets.

Even with his millions of dollars stored away, Pete couldn't resist the urge to sell a stolen painting to an undercover FBI agent. It was a small painting with a low value, but Licavoli was a man always looking to move stolen property. He was tried by a federal judge in Tucson and given an 18 month sentence, a small penalty considering the US government had been trying to put him behind bars without success for over 25 years.

After a long career with the Purple Gang and a mere five and a half years spent in prison over his criminal career, Licavoli's health began to deteriorate. He had cancer in remission and an inflamed liver. On January 11, 1984, at the age of 81, Pete Licavoli died of a heart ailment in his home in Tucson, Arizona. In his obituary, he is described by Senator Estes Kefauver as "one of the most cold blooded and contemptuous characters to appear before their committee."

References

Further reading
 Shaffer, Terry, "Illegal Gambling Clubs of Toledo", Happy Chipper Publishing, 2012,
 Bonanno, Joseph. A Man of Honor: The Autobiography of Joseph Bonanno. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2003.
 Capeci, Jerry. The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia. Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002.
 Dickson, Kenneth R. Nothing Personal Just Business, Prohibition and Murder on Toledo's Mean Streets. Fremont, Ohio: Lesher Printing, 2003.
 Bureau of Narcotics, U.S. Treasury Department, "Mafia: the Government's Secret File on Organized Crime, HarperCollins Publishers 2007

1902 births
1984 deaths
American gangsters of Sicilian descent
Detroit Partnership

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Ontario Cabinet Office is a ministry of the Government of Ontario. Its role is to serve as the Premier's ministry, and as such its employees are not political appointees, but are permanent members of the public service.
Cabinet Office is headed by the Secretary of the Cabinet, currently Steven Davidson, who is also head of the public service.
In past years, the size of Cabinet Office has grown considerably. This mirrors growth in the central agencies of other governments in the Western world, including the Canadian federal government.
^ Edward E. Stewart (1 January 1989). Cabinet Government in Ontario: A View from Inside. IRPP. pp. 1–. ISBN 978-0-88645-098-4.


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First, I am a big Ottolenghi fan and have all of his cookbooks and from time to time use additional recipes from his Guardian column.
Second, I like near- and middle-eastern food and cooking. One of the key things about Ottolenghi is that you can improvise as needed or desired -- with regard to the types and amount of ingredients. He clearly has to do that himself depending on the season and location.
This products works! I started getting huge strength gains week one. Took 2 pills a day through whole cycle. Gained 18 lbs. kept 12 l s after pct.
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J. ""older and smarter" - Don't think, just buy it.
If you do anything Clinical--RN, PA, MD--you need this book. Each Dx is generously covered in a 2-page format and the index lists all the Dx's covered. Buy the book as "used" hardback here on Amazon--cheapest deal in town for this much immediately useful info. Just find $20 and buy it. You will not be sorry.
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