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"It is worse, much worse, than you think": David Wallace-Wells interview
"It is worse, much worse, than you think." So begins The Uninhabitable Earth: A Story of the Future, David Wallace-Wells's brilliant new book on the existential threat of climate change which, judging by its frightening contents, should be placed next to Stephen King in the horror section of every bookshop.
"I don't come to it with a life of attachment to environmental causes", Wallace-Wells, 36, tells me when I ask him about his initial interest in the subject when we met in a central London hotel last month. "Five years ago I would have said climate change was an important issue and we should be addressing it but I didn't understand it was a totalising challenge that actually governed all of the other political goals that we might have in this world."
He says he has been "completely transformed" by his research and writing on climate, which received national and international attention with his 2017 article in New York Magazine, where he is Deputy Editor. Quoting climate scientists, the article – which has the same title as the book – looked at some of the likely effects of the worst-case scenarios in terms of global temperature rise. It became the most read article in the history of the publication. "There was a vocal minority of scientists who took issue with it", Wallace-Wells concedes. "So I wanted to really rigorously focus the book on a smaller range possible outcomes. In the article I was talking about warming up to 5, 6 and even 8°C. In the book I mention those levels a couple of times but it's very much focused on 2°C to 4°C, which is inarguably the boundaries of reasonable contemplation."
For the uninitiated, these figures refer to the increase in global temperature on pre-industrial levels. The world has already experienced a 1°C increase. At the 2015 UN climate conference in Paris the 195 signatory nations pledged to keep global warming to "well below" 2°C and "endeavour to limit" them to 1.5°C. However, speaking to the Morning Star in 2016, the respected climate scientist Professor Kevin Anderson explained the commitments made at the summit would likely lead to 3-4°C of global warming by 2100.
Despite the book's narrower focus, its conclusions – based on hundreds of references to the latest scientific research – are still horrifying. "Warming of 3 or 3.5 degrees would unleash suffering beyond anything that humans have ever experienced", Wallace-Wells writes. And just to scare you further, it's important to understand that the larger the temperature increase, the more likely feedback mechanisms and the sheer complexity of the world's climate system will lead to runaway climate change that humanity will be unable to control.
"At 4°C of warming we will have made inevitable the total collapse of all the ice sheets on the planet, which will mean, over time, at least 50 and probably 80 metres of sea level rise", he tells me. "That will take centuries to unfold but it will mean millions of square miles of coastline underwater, many of the world's biggest cities completely drowned" and "will literally redraw the map of the world and make the planet unrecognisable in many, many ways."
Turning to the dire effects of heat, he notes "it's possible as soon as 2050, when we will be at about 2°C of warming or a little bit warmer than that, that many of the major cities in India and the Middle East will be lethally hot in summer. You won't be able to reliably go outside, work outside during the summer months without incurring some lethal risk."
He believes this will contribute to an unprecedented global refugee crisis, and notes in 2017 the UN estimated climate change might create as many as a billion climate refugees by 2050 – "which is as many people as today live in North and South America combined." He is careful to qualify this, explaining the UN's estimate is very much at the high-end of projections: "Even if we only get to 75 million 100 million that's a refugee crisis many times bigger than anything with ever seen before".
The evidence points to "dramatic" economic impacts too, he argues. "The best research suggests at about 4°C of warming we will be dealing with the global economy… that was 30 per cent smaller than it would be without climate change. That is an impact twice as big as the Great Depression. And it would be permanent."
With the effects of climate change so serious and all-encompassing, the environmental movement has long debated how best to present the facts and dangers to the general public in a way that will engender engagement and action. The consensus, in the UK at least, has been for messaging fixed around notions of hope and positive visions of the future. For example, speaking at a World Development Movement public event in 2008 Green MP Caroline Lucas argued "the rhetoric of fear and disaster and tipping points is deeply scary, and it's deeply unhelpful."
"It doesn't work to try to terrify people in to action", she continued.
Wallace-Wells, as readers of his book will attest, takes a very different position: "As I look out at the world it just strikes me that although there are some people who are at risk of being pushed into despair and fatalism, the number of people who are living complacently in the modern world about climate is just so much bigger."
Careful not to dismiss hopefulness and optimism – "anything that sticks" is good – he points to the history of environmental activism and political mobilisation to back up his argument. The influential role Rachel Carson's 1962 book Silent Spring had in banning DDT pesticide, drunk driving and anti-smoking campaigns – all of these successes were not accomplished "by messaging optimistically and talking about hope" but were based on fear and alarm, he argues.
He also points to the historic recommendation of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change last year – that to stay below a 1.5°C temperature increase the world must immediately embark on a World War II-level mobilisation to shift away from fossil fuels. "There were threads of hope and optimism that was part of that [the mobilisation in World War Two] but there was also, obviously, a lot of fear and panic and alarm about what would happen if we didn't mobilise", he says.
While The Uninhabitable Earth is certainly alarming, Wallace-Wells himself is hopeful about the future in many ways, highlighting new activism such as Extinction Rebellion and 16-year old Swede Greta Thunberg and the global school strikes she has inspired.
He also points to significant shifts in US public opinion, with a recent Yale University/George Mason University survey finding six in ten Americans were either "alarmed" or "concerned" about climate change, with the proportion of people "alarmed" having doubled since 2013.
Turning to US politics, he is excited that the Democratic Party is "effectively and totally" signed on to the Green New Deal, the proposed economic stimulus programme that reiterates the goals of the UN to hold global warming to 1.5°C. Mirroring what happened with Heathrow expansion and UK politics in the mid-2000s, he notes the Green New Deal has become "a kind of litmus test for any Democratic candidate" for president, with climate change likely to be a first order priority alongside healthcare and education in the Democratic primaries.
"I even think that will impact the Republican Party over time", he predicts.
Looking at the big picture, in the book Wallace-Wells maintains the climate chaos which is now upon us "has been the work of a single generation." The generation coming of age today faces a very different and essential task, he believes: "the work of preserving our collective future, forestalling… devastation and engineering an alternate path."
"We are living in incredibly consequential times. What we do now politically, culturally, economically will determine the – not to put it too bluntly – that habitability of the planet going forward", he tells me. "Humans have never been in that position before, never held that kind of power in our hands before."
The Uninhabitable Earth: A Story of the Future is published by Allen Lane, priced £20.
This entry was posted in Environment, US domestic politics and tagged Caroline Lucas, Climate change, David Wallace-Wells, Greta Thunberg, Heathrow Airport on March 13, 2019 by ianjs2014.
Book review. The Uninhabitable Earth: A Story of the Future by David Wallace-Wells
Clearly intended to shock, last month the Guardian published a report titled Climate Risks 'Similar To 2008 Financial Crash'.
The problem with this formulation, to partially quote the soon to be iconic first sentence of The Uninhabitable Earth, is that "it is worse, much worse" than this.
"What climate change has in store is not… a Great Recession or a Great Depression but, in economic terms, a Great Dying", David Wallace-Wells, Deputy Editor of New York Magazine, argues.
The 2016 United Nations Paris Agreement, which aims to limit warming to an increase of 2°C on pre-industrial levels, gave hope to many. Wallace-Wells injects a dose of frightening realism into the debate, noting all the commitments made at the summit by the 195 signatories would still mean 3.2°C of warming by 2100. And most terrifyingly of all, as of 2018 "not a single major industrial nation was on track to fulfil the commitments it made in the Paris treaty", he explains.
What does all this mean? "Warming of 3 or 3.5°C degrees would unleash suffering beyond anything that humans have ever experienced".
The twelve chapters which make up the core of the book flesh out this alarming reality, looking at how climate change is raising sea-levels, increasing wildfires and disease, reducing crop yields, killing the oceans and making conflicts more likely. An expansion of his 2017 magazine article that went viral, he is right when he says this section contains "enough horror to induce a panic attack in even the most optimistic".
For example, he notes the planet has experienced a fiftyfold increase in the number of dangerous heatwaves since 1980." Even if warming is limited to an increase of 2°C, big cities in the Global South like Karachi and Kolkata "will become close to uninhabitable", contributing to a massive increase in refugees. A 4°C increase will mean the European heat wave of 2003, which killed 35,000 people, "will be a normal summer."
Frustratingly, when the mainstream media reports on climate change it invariably uses 2100 as the end point for projections. In contrast, Wallace-Wells inconveniently highlights that the death and destruction will not end there. Infact, some observers call the 100 years after 2100 "the century of hell."
A necessary and urgent wake-up call, The Inhabitable Earth is the most important book about climate change since Naomi Klein's 2014 This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate. But while Klein focused on the ideology of economic growth as the central driver of climate change, the topic is largely – and strangely – absent from Wallace-Wells' work. And though he emphasises how climate change is "the biggest threat human life on the planet has ever faced", highlighting the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's push for an immediate global mobilisation on the scale of World War Two, exactly how people should organise to stop climate change is also not something he dwells on.
"I think there just has to be an energetic mass popular movement", was US academic Noam Chomsky's recent take on the necessity of large-scale activism on climate change. Likewise, Klein recently tweeted three central questions for assessing the candidates in the upcoming 2020 US Presidential election: "1. Who best understands that anything short of transformative action on climate is tantamount to genocide? 2. Who, if elected, will be most porous to social movements/ least likely to seal themselves off with elite consultants? 3. Who has a solid chance of beating Trump if we all work like hell?"
Similar questions need to be asked at the next UK general election and across the globe if humanity is to stand any chance of arresting the ongoing and escalating existential threat of climate chaos.
This entry was posted in Environment, US domestic politics and tagged Climate change, David Wallace-Wells, Naomi Klein, Noam Chomsky on March 11, 2019 by ianjs2014.
Book review. Propaganda Blitz: How the Corporate Media Distort Reality by David Edwards and David Cromwell
Named Collins Dictionary's Word of the Year in 2017, "Fake News", along with Russian interference in Western political systems, has become an obsession for the UK and US media and political classes.
David Edwards and David Cromwell – co-editors of media analysis website Media Lens – don't buy into this convenient, self-serving framing. "That fake news is a systematic feature of BBC coverage, and the rest of Western mainstream media, is virtually an unthinkable thought for corporate journalists", they noted recently.
The corporate media "fundamentally distort every significant issue they touch", they argue in their brilliant new book. "Exposing the fraudulence of the 'free press' is therefore highly efficient for positive change."
Based on their Media Alerts – timely critiques of news reporting they have been publishing regularly since starting Media Lens in 2001 – they look at how the media provides state and corporate-friendly coverage of Western foreign policy, climate change, NHS privatisation and the Scottish independence referendum. Compared to their previous books there are fewer illuminating exchanges with journalists – the truthtellers in the newsrooms seem less willing to engage with the authors than they used to. However, their correspondence with Guardian cartoonist Martin Rowson and ITV News's Bill Neely regarding the definition of terrorism are both surreal and revealing. As ex-Guardian columnist Glenn Greenwald tweeted: "I've never encountered any group more driven by group think and rank-closing than British journalism."
The Guardian plays a key role in this corporate news ecosystem, sharply defining and defending the bounds of acceptable debate. From Jeremy Corbyn's rise to the Labour leadership to Julian Assange seeking asylum in the Ecuadorian Embassy and Russell Brand's political awakening, Edwards and Cromwell highlight how the UK's supposedly most left-wing mainstream newspaper sides with the status quo and assails those trying to create significant progressive change.
Best of all is their Anatomy of a Propaganda Blitz, a six-step model for how the media attack and discredit enemies, preparing the way for (Western) intervention. The 2002-3 media-assisted propaganda onslaught in advance of the invasion of Iraq is a good example of this kind of campaign, as is the 2018 antisemitism controversy and the current Venezuelan crisis. Like Edward Herman and Noam Chomsky's Propaganda Model and Stanley Cohen's theory of Moral Panics, this should be required reading on every university journalism and media studies course.
Essentially a £14.99 course in intellectual self-defence against thought control in a democratic society, Propaganda Blitz is an indispensable read for anyone who consumes the news.
Propaganda Blitz is published by Pluto Press, priced £14.99.
This entry was posted in Media, UK Foreign Policy, US Foreign Policy and tagged Glenn Greenwald, Jeremy Corbyn, Media, Media Lens, Noam Chomsky, Propaganda Model on March 1, 2019 by ianjs2014.


Awesome! A super-useful topic for historical gamers, armies as late as WW2 had large cavalry components. This video will be helpful when I get back to my 20mm American Revolution armies. Thanks very much!
Small side question – is that some of my kneaded eraser holding the miniature on the painting stand? I left a bunch of those with BoW when I was there for the Desert War Boot Camp – at least some of the guys seemed impressed with the kneaded eraser in comparison to Blue Tack (holds better, comes off cleaner). Super useful, very cheap, you get them here for 0.50 cents a piece here in the States. You get them at art supply stores / craft stores and the like – can also be used to fill small gaps in minis, they temp-stick just about anything to anything else, and last forever.
Please can we have more exactly like this?
I know you're dying to show us brown fur on a dog, brown fur on…a cat? Maybe brown fur on a fish. I see dazzling future for you painting nothing but brown fur. Let's make it happen!
In all honestly, I find this kind of video very useful. When I was getting a 20mm British cavalry unit ready for American Revolution, I was able to con my girlfriend into painting the actual horses (what is it with "girls" and horses??) She made them each different shades and colors, different markings and breeds, etc. I'm surprised she didn't name them.
Of course she lost a little of her enthusiasm when it came to the equipment – Saddle, bridle, stirrups, bedrolls. 😀 That stuff can be very difficult to paint and requires a very steady hand, especially at small scales.
I applied a little of what she taught me when I was helping my Dad with a OO-scale train table with an Old West theme (lots of horses on that one).
I've seen plenty of armies on the web and on tables where dozens of horses are just brown turds with four hooves. So a video like this, with even the basics of their markings helps a horse-heavy army go a very, very long way.
Think of all the colours you will need for the my little ponies that's out for the new game @elromanozo ?
Great video stunning work Romain.
Thank you all… I'm honored ! I'm glad this is useful to you, it's my best reward.
This video couldn't come at a better time as I still have to paint up the pony dragging Gandalf's cart and did not know how to approach it. Previously the only cavalry I've painted had scales.
Thanks for this tutorial! I have a different method (don't we all) but I definitely see myself folding some of this into my own techniques.


C M Joinery in Draycott. A double glazed conservatory is without doubt one of the easiest and least expensive ways so as to add value to your home. Besides this benefit, there are various others, together with added security, insulation, and the addition of a very helpful additional space.
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If price is your important consideration, you definitely do not wish to economise on high quality, even should you do need to get a great value in your conservatory. The best way to make sure you are getting a high quality product and installation is to get recommendations from different people. There are methods to maintain the costs down, and these include shopping for out of season, not utilizing too many decorative features, and selecting a simple shape.
Worth may not be your essential consideration, and if this is the case one can find that there are so many different types of conservatory accessible it is troublesome to make your choice.
You will have to consider if you would like a completely glazed or part-glazed conservatory. Typically, a part-glazed conservatory can have bricks at the backside and glass on the top of the walls.
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text:
Das Johanniterufer ist eine Straße am Rande der Trierer Innenstadt. Sie verläuft entlang der Mosel zwischen Römerbrücke und Hinter dem Zollamt. Im Süden geht das St. Barbara-Ufer unmittelbar in das Johanniterufer über, welches nördlich als Krahnenufer fortgeführt wird.

Geschichte
Der Name leitet sich von der Komturei des Johanniterordens ab, die sich nahe der Römerbrücke befand. Diese Komturei wurde bereits 1312 vom Templerorden übernommen und 1804 abgetragen.

Kulturdenkmäler
Unter den Kulturdenkmälern sticht besonders der Alte Zollkran hervor, ein Tretraddrehkran aus dem 18. Jahrhundert. Zudem befindet sich an der Straße auch ein altes Pegelhäuschen. In der Straße befinden sich auch mehrere Naturdenkmäler.

Literatur
 Patrick Ostermann (Bearb.): Kulturdenkmäler in Rheinland-Pfalz. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 17.1: Stadt Trier. Altstadt. Werner, Worms 2001, ISBN 3-88462-171-8
 Ulrike Weber (Bearb.): Kulturdenkmäler in Rheinland-Pfalz. Denkmaltopographie Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Band 17.2: Stadt Trier. Stadterweiterung und Stadtteile. Werner, Worms 2009, ISBN 978-3-88462-275-9.
Generaldirektion Kulturelles Erbe Rheinland-Pfalz (Hrsg.): Nachrichtliches Verzeichnis der Kulturdenkmäler Kreisfreie Stadt Trier. (PDF; 1,2 MB) Koblenz 2010.
 Kulturbüro der Stadt Trier (Hrsg.)/Emil Zenz: Straßennamen der Stadt Trier: Ihr Sinn und ihre Bedeutung. Trier 2003.

Einzelnachweise

Innerortsstraße in Trier
Straße in Europa
Mosel

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package org.compass.core.config.process;

import org.compass.core.config.CompassSettings;
import org.compass.core.converter.ConverterLookup;
import org.compass.core.engine.naming.PropertyNamingStrategy;
import org.compass.core.mapping.CompassMapping;
import org.compass.core.mapping.MappingException;

/**
 * @author kimchy
 */
public interface MappingProcessor {

    CompassMapping process(CompassMapping compassMapping, PropertyNamingStrategy namingStrategy,
                           ConverterLookup converterLookup, CompassSettings settings) throws MappingException;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Regional Spotlight: Far West USY
Editor's Note: Every region has its own quirks and traditions that make it special, and this year Achshav is going across USY, from Hanegev to Pinwheel, to show you what makes every single region special. Far West USY is no exception, and to know that you have to look about as far as their Parliamentarian. Today, however, juniors Lily Selznick, Maya Silberstein, Benji Levine, and Raquel Kelley , talk about one of their favorite Far West traditions, Shabbat Mincha, and why it is so special to their region.
It's Saturday afternoon at a Far West convention, and USYers are all sitting in the sanctuary, anxiously waiting for their FAVORITE service to start… MINCHA (afternoon service)!
Given the relative lack of enthusiasm amongst USYers towards what is so often a dull or depressing service, it may be surprising that so many in Far West love this service so much. There's a reason for that. Much like many of Far West's traditions, our mincha service is far from typical.
There's a unique sense of ruach (spirit) and fun that is ingrained in Far West mincha. Throughout the service there are USYers singing, dancing, and shouting at the top of their lungs. Though things tend to mellow out once it's time for the Torah service, it by no means marks the end of the wave of eccentricity that is Far West mincha. Right after the Torah service, the room erupts into a dance of pinky waiving and USYers singing "Yump YUMP-A-DUMP-A-DUMP-A-DUMP-A-DUMP SHWEE!"
Let us explain.
Far West's Executive Vice President picks seven groups of people (seven groups to represent the seven days of the week) to perform a "Yump-A-Dump" in front of the whole region.
Now, you're probably asking yourself: "What in the world is a 'Yump-A-Dump'?"
Well, imagine this…
You have made endless inside jokes all weekend, and you're ready to go up and share them in the form of a "Yump-A-Dump"! All you have to do is reenact it, using only the words, "Vayehi erev, vayehi boker (and it was evening and morning)."
You're ready, you're excited, and it goes like this…
You and a group of four people drop a Nalgene, completely freak out, and say, "Vayehi erev, vayehi boker." You end with "YOM RISHON (SUNDAY)!" and the entire region stick out their pinkies, screaming "Yump a dump a dump a dump a dump SHWEE!" to a tune that we all know and love.
This is one of the most empowering moments during the entire convention. They aren't Hebrew words, and they aren't English words…they are an inside joke that only Far West people will ever understand.
If we're ever having a bad day we can think of those ten words, and instantly a smile will be brought to our faces. When we're 40 years old and we're coming back for our reunion, we know we can walk up to any Far West USYer, and instantly they will know exactly what is going on. It is a connection that lasts a lifetime, and will always bring a smile to our faces.
Raquel Kelley is a junior from Far West USY. She currently serves as chapter Communications Vice President for Congregation B'Nai Israel (CBI) USY in Tustin, CA.
Benji Levine is Far West's Communications Vice President and serves as a member of Communications International General Board. He is a proud member of Adat Ari El USY in Valley Village, CA.
Lily Selznick serves as a member of Religion/Education International General Board, and is a member of Anshei Israel USY in Tucson, AZ.
Maya Silberstein is junior from Far West USY. She currently serves as chapter President for Temple Etz Chayim (TEC) USY in Thousand Oaks, CA.
Do you want to write for the official USY blog? Fill out this form with your contact information and a content idea, and one of our blog editors will reach out to you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nature and environment have always played an important role in the lives of Muslims. Islam has recommended its followers to protect and preserve them. The Messenger of Allah – peace be upon him – said: "A Muslim who plants a tree or grows a crop, and then, a man, bird or animal eats from it, it will be charity on his behalf".
Prophet Muhammad is mercy from Allah to all mankind. He was sent to teach humanity the concept of mercy even to birds and animals which he forbade the people from harming without a proper reason F. Allah had sent Muhammad to perfect the morals and to call people to good manners, chastity, honesty and holding ties of kinship.
1. Islam is the way to enter Paradise which is the ultimate goal a man/woman could ever seek. Nobody can imagine the pleasure and luxury that Allah has created in Paradise. 2. Embracing Islam erases one's previous sins, it will be wiped out once he/she embraces Islam. 3. Jews and Christians were rewarded twice if they embrace Islam. 4. In Islam, one feels secure and guided. Allah says : " Those who believe and do not mix their belief with iniquity, for them there is security and they are rightly guided ".
Juz'u 'Amma is the most commonly recited and memorized portion of the Qur'ān. Its early revelations came in powerful language consisting of short, concise but eloquent sentences; their literary style was so unique that it attracted a great deal of attention. Logical evidences supported the universal truths expressed within them. Their verses exposed the errors of the idolaters and criticized their blind adherence to a religion of unsanctioned customs. They refute the misconception that man is self-sufficient, independent of Allah and unaccountable to Him. And they convey basic principles of morality, ethics and righteous conduct taught by all prophets as an indispensable part of Allah's religion. This English language tafseer of the Qur'an's 30th part is based on well-known Arabic sources and convenient for study.
A brief description of basic Islamic beliefs and practices for non-Muslims with color photos. Suitable for distribution by daʽwah organizations and others.
Correct recitation of the Qur'an is required of every Muslim to the best of his ability. This summary enables English speaking Muslims to understand basic tajweed rules with examples for practice, focusing on problems they have in pronunciation. It includes simple diagrams and may be used as a supplement to oral instruction.
nformation is a source of assurance and a bridge to tolerance and understanding. This book provides concise yet comprehensive answers to questions most often raised about Islam and corrects much of the misinformation currently being spread in a clear, logical manner. Though initially meant for non-Muslims, it is also beneficial in assisting Muslims to respond to these questions with meaningful answers.
Fasting includes self-refinement and discipline. It pleases the Lord, provides nourishment for the soul and teaches patience, self-control and appreciation of provisions often taken for granted. But a believer's objective must be to fulfill his obligation to his Lord, to show servitude to Him, and to obey His command. He fasts only for the acceptance of Allah and His promised reward. This booklet discusses the fast of Ramadhan, other obligatory fasts and the voluntary fasting prescribed in the Sunnah..
Because the Qur'an is the primary source of religious teachings, understanding its meanings is essential for every Muslim. The subjects treated in Surah YaSeen are primarily those denied most by the unbelievers – namely, tawheed, the resurrection and the prophethood of Muḥammad ﷺ. The surah presents arguments appealing to reason and brings to witness some of the visible signs of the unlimited ability of our Creator. It urges man to consider the countless signs evident in creation as proofs of Allah's power with the objective of establishing a firm foundation of faith. Based on Arabic sources, the tafseer is clarified in English.
Hajj is a obligation upon every Muslim who has the financial and physical ability to perform it at least once in a lifetime. From all corners of the globe, Muslims embark on this spiritual journey, seeking their Lord's acceptance. Here is a complete Hajj and ʽUmrah guide in English according to the Sunnah, with a summary of rulings for each step. Easy to understand instructions include color photos, a description of the Prophet's Farewell Pilgrimage, suggestions for facilitation, and mention of visits to Masjid Qubaa' and the Prophet's masjid in Madinah. Convenient to print out for reference during the journey.
The most significant feature of the Qur'an is that it is the words of Allah, the Most High. This obviously means it is the absolute, indisputable truth, and that its legislation is perfectly balanced and completely just. It presents the essential teachings of the faith and the laws that regulate and govern human life. This surah treats what continues to be the most urgent social problem faced by mankind: the threat to the family and to family life upon which a healthy society is built. Within it are clear instructions regarding the social manners to which a believer must adhere in both his public and private life.
Cyberculture is internet culture – the new environment into which we have been drawn in recent years. While kids are often more internet-savvy than parents, and although we cannot protect them from every negative influence, there are some real and manageable steps we can take to help children stay safe. This book presents practical guidelines compatible with Islamic principles to help them avoid serious problems while allowing them the many benefits of internet use.
The washing, shrouding and burial of a deceased Muslim's body is an obligation upon one or more members of the community. Every family should have access to knowledge about how to correctly prepare the deceased for burial. This booklet is a step-by-step guide with simple diagrams. It includes an appendix with rulings pertaining to a bequest and another with supplications for the dead from the Sunnah.
A Muslim believer is constantly cleansing and purifying himself, both his heart and his body. Here is a brief summary discussing physical purity and ritual purity, which is required for certain acts of worship. It includes fiqh rulings pertaining to impure substances, to ghusl, wudhū', tayammum, menstruation and other related issues. .
The worldly life is a short journey through one aspect of creation. This book contains studies pertaining to the heart and soul adapted from the writings of early scholars. They are the realities of faith, which include repentance, patience and worship. Complimenting them are reflections on some realities of life – creation, time, tests from Allah and aspirations toward advancement of the Muslim ummah. It is only through the reform of many individual souls that the reform of the ummah as a whole will follow as a natural result.
The Qur'ān speaks with the perfect knowledge of the Creator about His creation. This surah's distinguishing feature is its historic narratives, sent down by the Lord of mankind to establish truth and to correct erroneous beliefs. It teaches with wisdom and establishes the best system of life for humanity. The Prophet's ﷺ recommendation to recite this sūrah weekly is an indication of its importance. It contains reminders of the end of the world and has been described by scholars as a source of guiding principles, instructive ethics and a foundation for sound belief. It illustrates that truth and righteousness are not related to wealth, position or authority but only to what has been commanded by Allah.


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DENTON — Texas Woman's University's master of education (MEd) degree program in special education will be available in a hybrid format beginning this fall. A hybrid format is one that is predominately online, with some on-campus courses.
The 36-hour degree program is designed to prepare those in the special education field to provide effective services to students with disabilities. The hybrid delivery format will enable TWU to meet the needs of a growing non-traditional market with more flexibility in scheduling, as well as structure and format.
For more information on the degree program, visit www.twu.edu/teacher-education/special-education.asp.
The addition of this program brings TWU's online degree program offerings to 32. For more information on TWU online programs, visit www.twu.edu/tlt.


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FCA dealers now have the opportunity to partner with some of the best website providers in automotive digital marketing. By enrolling in FCA's certified website program, dealers will have their choice of one of four/five providers. Your preferred provider will offer a unique set of strategies and solutions to coincide with your preferred digital strategies along with improved support to help implement and maintain coding, tags, and products and services.


I have especially loved doing Bitty Baddy Jason. I grew up on Friday the 13th movies and my favorite part was always the glimpses of humanity. Particularly in the Friday the 13th: Part II where the token survivor girl donned his mother's sweater. The head tilt would always make me wonder if there was a chance at redemption.
Doing Jason presented the challenge how to make a Bitty Baddy without eyes? Jason is mostly recognizable from his hockey mask and machete. So, I went back to the first Friday the 13th movie where we see Jason as a child drowning. It's never established whether this scene was a dream or reality, but I used the face as a reference. In particular I used the a sculpture by Casey Love for reference.
To be recognizable as Jason though, I'd need to feature his mask. Always inspired by the prolific Margaret Keane I used her 1963 painting "Happy Mask, Unhappy Boy" for the the composition.
To date, he's my favorite!


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MDI Complex – Skin rejuvenator derived from fish cartilage, potassium & Vitamin C, helps inhibit collagen destruction.
Holly Oil – Jojoba Oil & Holly Extract.
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Lavender Essential Oil – A highly aromatic extract with strong antiseptic and anti-inflammatory properties. It is also highly valued for its relaxing properties.
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text:
Giorgio Sommer (1834–1914) was one of Europe's most important and prolific photographers of the 19th century. Active from 1857 to 1888, he produced thousands of images of archeological ruins, landscapes, art objects and portraits.

He was born in Frankfurt am Main (modern-day Germany), where he studied business. Sommer opened his first photography studio in Switzerland, where he made relief images of mountains for the Swiss government. In 1856 moved his business to Naples and later (1866) formed a partnership with fellow German photographer Edmund Behles (also known as Edmondo Behles), who owned a studio in Rome. Operating from their respective Naples and Rome studios, Sommer and Behles became one of the largest and most prolific photography concerns in Italy.

He held studios in Naples at:
 Strada di Chiaia 168
 Via Monte di Dio 4 and 8
 Piazza della Vittoria

Sommer's catalog included images from the Vatican Museum, the National Archeological Museum at Naples, the Roman ruins at Pompeii, as well as street and architectural scenes of Naples, Florence, Rome, Capri and Sicily. Most notably, Sommer published his comprehensive album Dintorni di Napoli, which contained over one hundred images of everyday scenes in Naples. In April 1872, he documented a very large eruption of Mount Vesuvius in a series of stunning photographs.

Sommer and Behles exhibited extensively and earned numerous honors and prizes for their work (London 1862, Paris 1867, Vienna 1873, Nuremberg 1885). At one time, Sommer was appointed official photographer to King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy.

Sommer was involved in every aspect of the photography business. He published his own images that he sold in his studios and to customers across Europe. In later years, he photographed custom images for book illustrations, as well as printing his own albums and postcards. Sommer worked in all the popular formats of his day: carte de visite, stereoview, and large albumen prints (approximately ) which were sold individually and in bound albums.

The partnership with Behles ended in 1874, after which each photographer continued his own business. In Naples, Sommer opened a total of four additional studios: at No. 4 and No. 8 Monte di Dio, No. 5 Magazzino S. Caterina, and a last at Piazza della Vittoria.

Sommer died in Naples in 1914.

References

Gallery

External links

 Biography  (in German)
 Images at Harvard University Art Museums
 Artnet
 Images of Pompeii in 1870
 Images of Fine Arts Museum of San Francisco

1834 births
1914 deaths
Photographers from Frankfurt
19th-century Italian photographers
19th-century Swiss photographers
German emigrants to Italy
German expatriates in Switzerland


Saints Row IV is looking more and more like it belongs in the Crackdown universe - and that's not a bad thing. We already know the game will gift players with super powers like leaping tall buildings, flying, and the ability to glow, but now we're seeing enemies that look pretty similar to the infected folks of Crackdown 2. The latest trailer for the Saints Row IV is called "Meet the President" and we'll let it speak (as well as wub wub) for itself.
Saints Row IV is set to be released on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3 and PC this August. It'll feature two player online co-op and plenty of nut shots...or so I've been told.


The Cancer Trends Progress Report contains trend data for key measures of cancer control (Prevention, Early Detection, Diagnosis, Treatment, Life after Cancer, and End of Life). Data can be accessed within the Trends and Most Recent Estimates section of each measure page.
The accordion menu is made up of collapsible panels that toggle opened and closed by clicking on the section titles. When a panel is toggled it changes color. Open panels are red. Closed panels are gray. Only one section can be opened at any time.
Sections can have multiple subsections depending on what data are available for a measure. When there are multiple subsections, the Expand Section+ and Collapse Section- links become available to toggle. The open subsections have an Overview Graph (see 2), Detailed Trend Graphs (see 3), and Percent and Confidence Intervals for the Most Recent Estimates.
Click on the Overview Graph to open a graph in a pop-up window that dispIays the variables listed within the Detailed Trend Graphs (see 3). There are two links under the title of the graph, Download Image (JPEG) and Download Data (CSV). When you click on Download Image (JPEG), a JPEG file of the graph opens and can be saved to your device. When you click on the Download Data (CSV) link, a CSV file is downloaded which can be opened in Microsoft Excel and other applications.
The Detailed Trend Graphs are separate graphs showing each of the variables that appeared in the Overview Graph. Click on the name of the variable to open that variable's graph in a pop-up. There are two links under the title of the graph, Download Image (JPEG) and Download Data (CSV). When you click on Download Image (JPEG) a JPEG file of the graph opens and can be saved to your device. When you click on the Download Data (CSV) link, a CSV file is downloaded which can be opened in Microsoft Excel and other applications.