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WHAT IS CUPPING THERAPY? Cupping therapy is a form of ancient, alternative medicine in which cups are placed on the skin to create suction in order to increase blood flow, reduce inflammation and activate lymphatic drainage. Cupping therapy dates back to ancient Egypt and Asia. Cupping brings fresh blood to the area, improves circulation and is widely used to treat pain, digestive problems and to release toxins. A SET OF 4 CUPS IN 2 SIZES. Ozziko's Facial cupping set arrives with four premium cups made with medical grade silicone. The set contains 2 Medium Cups - best using for face, lips, neck, décolletage, chest or legs + 2 Small Cups - for treating your eyes, forehead, chin, and other delicate and narrow areas). Cuppings are soft, flexible & easy to clean. Requires neither Fire nor a Pump Gun. Suitable for Self-Massage or Massage by a Partner. SAFE NATURAL ALTERNATIVE TO CHEMICAL TREATMENTS OR SURGERIES - Cupping therapy promotes healthy, vibrant skin in a natural, non-invasive way. Daily use will increase the production of collagen, which create younger-looking, healthier skin. Cupping is known to help improving skin elasticity, Increase oxygen-rich blood circulation, strengthen skin & connective tissues, Tone chin, jawline, neck & décolletage, and more. HELPS WITH THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS: Visibly reduces wrinkles, fine lines & deep lines. Can help retaining moisture to dry skin, Reduce scars, excess oil & pore size. Can help reducing the symptoms of migraines and headaches. MINIMUM EFFORT with MAXIMUM RESULTS. Each suction session should take 3-5 minutes. Use daily to achieve the best results. Recommended to use with natural oils, serums, moisturizers, lotions or creams of your favorite brand. HOW TO USE: Apply Cream, Oil or Cleanser on Dry Skin. Choose the right size for the target area and squeeze with your desired pressure. Release on the skin to create suction. Move it smoothly in zigzag or circular motion around the area. You can have a wet cupping massage in the shower with water and soap.


Nestled away just minutes from downtown Charleston, South Carolina lies the quiet, upscale community of Daniel Island. This quaint little island is surprisingly home to two professional sporting venues. Alongside the Family Circle Tennis Center is Blackbaud Stadium, home to the United Soccer League's First Division team, the Charleston Battery.
Blackbuad Stadium seats 5,100 spectators, and boasts one of the nicest English-style soccer pubs in the country, The Three Lions Pub. Inside the pub is thousands of dollars worth of soccer memorabilia. Autographed balls and jerseys line the walls, and range from recent Major League Soccer teams to English World Cup teams from decades ago.
The stadium itself, voted "Best of US Soccer" in 2002, is beautifully lined by palm trees, and is one of the most intimate experiences in the United Soccer Leagues. Every seat in the house is right on top of the action. The first row of seats is literally just feet from the touchline and the player's benches.
Adding environment to this beautiful stadium is the official supporter's group of the Charleston Battery, The Regiment. This group of about 65 supporters brings life to the gold and black jewel that is Blackbaud Stadium, and acts as a bridge between the players and fans.
The Regiment has its own hospitality chair person who sends out care packages to every Battery player on the final roster at the beginning of the season. This includes a list of the best places to eat and where to go, and contacts to some of the supporters to help the players get accustomed to the Charleston area.
"We welcome the new players into town because they don't really know everyone," said Dieu Nguyen, the former President of The Regiment.
At the end of every season, the group hosts a barbeque that is by invite only for Regiment members and the team. At this function, the Battery players and staff not only interact with their most die-hard fans, but also participate in games with children.
Anthony Graves, the current President of The Regiment, said that such interaction is unique at any level. At times, it is even more welcoming than the higher levels such as MLS, and makes the players feel more at home.
Graves described The Regiment as "strictly a supporters' group." He said that they do their best not to be obnoxious during the game, but certainly get all over the opposing teams' players.
For as little as thirty dollars, Battery fans can become part of The Regiment. This includes group gear, and special access to events such as the end-of-year barbeque.
Members of The Regiment and other Battery fans also travel to road games for the Southern Derbies against Carolina and Atlanta. While both the RailHawks and the Silverbacks play in their own soccer specific stadiums (WakeMed Soccer Park and RE/MAX Greater Atlanta Stadium, respectively), Battery fans are also appreciative of having such a beautiful stadium of their own.
Before the opening of Blackbaud Stadium as the first privately funded soccer specific stadium in 1999, the Battery played at a high school football stadium with a track, something that Graves said took away from the atmosphere.
With a beautiful stadium and supporters group for the USL-1 side firmly in place, there is only one thing that Battery fans expect from their team, who hasn't one the league title since 2003.
"Wins, wins, wins, wins, wins, and, um, wins," remarked Graves.


text:
Manufacturers, Mummies and Manchester: Two hundred years of interest in and study of Egyptology in the Greater Manchester area
Hilary Forrest 2011 © BAR Publishing
This book traces interest in Egyptology in Manchester (England) and the surrounding towns from the early nineteenth century, when interest in Egypt first developed, through travel and business links, to the benefactions and dedicated work of cotton men and women who helped to build up and to display the remarkable collections which can be seen to this day. The second half of the book starts in the middle of the twentieth century when the focus became more scientific. The Manchester Mummy Project was pioneering in its day and the Manchester Protocol which laid down a tested methodology for mummy studies became accepted world-wide. Since its inception, mummy studies in Manchester have gone from strength to strength and the KNH Centre for Biomedical Egyptology is now pursuing ground-breaking research. The last section explores a selection of notable contributors to the Egyptological scene in Manchester.
Multiperiod
History of Archaeology
List of illustrations
1. Travellers and Collectors
2. Excavators and benefactors
3. 'A Good and Enlightened Man'
4. Scientific society to public access
5. Cotton and congregations
6. A 'woman of great brilliancy'
7. Egyptian cotton and the Lancashire towns
8. Scientific Egyptology
9. A life devoted to Manchester Egyptology
10. Museums after World War One
11. New heights through new depths
12. Getting down to the bare bones
13. The unwrapping of Mummy 1770
14. Looking deeper
15. Heads, teeth and hands
16. Invaders and unwelcome guests
17. The origins of the KNH Centre
18. The work of the KNH Centre
19. Three days in the life of the KNH Centre
20. Investigating Takabuti
21. From amateur to academe
22. Enthusiasts and inspirations
23. A continuing tradition
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Elections in Georgia are held to fill various state and federal seats. Georgia regular elections are held every even year. The positions being decided each year varies, as the terms of office varies. Special elections are held to fill vacated offices. Georgia is one of seven states that require a run-off election if no candidate takes over a majority of the vote in a primary election. Uniquely, Georgia requires a run-off election if no candidates wins a majority of the vote in a general election; only Louisiana has a similar requirement, but it operates under a different election system.
Following the end of martial law and readmission to the Union during Reconstruction, Georgia was overwhelmingly dominated by the Democratic Party for a hundred years as did many other states of the Confederacy. White voters often perceived the Republican Party as the party of the North standing for Yankee values, growing industrialisation, and an excessively powerful and interfering federal government all arrayed against their localized agricultural society. The abolition of slavery by amendment to the U.S. Constitution and the legacy of an economy damaged by war and social upheaval led many to bitterly oppose a wide variety of national policies.
Elections to the U.S. Congress during this period saw almost exclusively Democratic senators and either totally or almost-totally Democratic House rule. From 1872 to 2002, Georgia voters consistently elected Democrats as governor and Democratic majorities to the state legislature. Like many other Southern states, the Democratic-controlled legislature established run-off elections for primaries in which no candidate receives more than 50% of the vote.
Historically, elections at all levels of government in the U.S. state of Georgia was dominated by conservative white Democrats in the period between Reconstruction and the end of the New Deal Coalition. For decades, Republicans were a tiny minority, generally associated with Union military victory at the end of the Civil War. Indeed, for several years, the Republicans didn't even field a candidate for governor or any other statewide elected office.
Beginning in the 1950s, the credible enforcement of new laws inspired by the Civil Rights Movement began to steadily erode the preponderance of Democrats in elective office in Georgia. The repeal of Jim Crow laws allowed previously disenfranchised African Americans to vote in elections and be active in politics. As many of these people joined with some white Democrats to work for more immediate liberal and pluralistic policies, a growing number of conservative white Democrats who supported either gradual change or none at all either began splitting their tickets at the national level or switching outright to the GOP. The strong showing in Georgia by Republican President Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1956 presidential race proved to be a turning point. Georgia would remain competitive at the national level for most of the rest of the 20th century. the Republican Party appeared positioned to gain even more ground in the coming years. The Democratic Party did not carry the state from the 1960 until Jimmy Carter ran for the White House 16 years later.
Beginning with Barry Goldwater's presidential bid in 1964, the Republican Party began making inroads in Georgia. The state swung over dramatically to support Goldwater—the first time it had gone Republican in a presidential election since Reconstruction. In time, the Republican Party of Georgia would field competitive candidates and win races for seats in the U.S. Senate and U.S. House of Representatives. Republicans also began making gains at the state level, mostly in the Atlanta suburbs. However, conservative Democrats continued to hold most offices at the local level well into the 1990s.
In presidential races, Georgia has given its electoral college votes to the Republican candidate all but four times since 1964: in 1968, segregationist George Wallace won a plurality of Georgia's votes on the American Independent Party ticket; former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter won his home state by landslide margins in 1976 and 1980 (sweeping every county in the state in 1976); and then-Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton won a plurality of votes in 1992 against incumbent Republican George H. W. Bush and Independent Ross Perot. Republican George W. Bush won Georgia by double-digits in 2000 and 2004, with 54.67% and 57.97%, respectively, of the vote. However, in 2008, John McCain won the state by a narrower margin of only 5 points, winning 52% to Democrat Barack Obama's 47%. In 2012, Mitt Romney won the state with 53% to Obama's 45%.
Jimmy Carter, a politician from Plains and a descendant of Confederate veterans who was elected to the Georgia State Senate twice and later served a term as Governor of Georgia, became the 39th President of the United States after winning the election of 1976.
By 2007, conservative Republicans had become the dominant force in state elections, with Republicans holding the offices of governor and lieutenant governor and significant majorities in both houses of the state General Assembly.
As in many states, Democratic strongholds in Georgia include urban and minority-dominated areas. Democrats typically fare well in cities such as Atlanta, Macon, and Columbus, which have large minority populations, as well as Athens, home of the University of Georgia. The Republican Party dominates state elections through its hold on rural south Georgia, with a very notable exception in the southwestern part of the state; the Appalachian north; and many of Atlanta's suburbs. Former Speaker of the United States House of Representatives Newt Gingrich, co-author of the Contract with America and architect of the 1994 "Republican Revolution," represented a district in Cobb County, a conservative suburban Atlanta county.
The current Governor of Georgia is Nathan Deal, who was elected as a Republican in 2010, and is now serving his first term of four years. The Lieutenant Governor is Casey Cagle. Other elected state executive officials include Secretary of State Brian P. Kemp, Attorney General Sam Olens, Commissioner of Insurance Ralph Hudgens, and Superintendent of Schools John Barge.
The Georgia General Assembly has been controlled by the Republicans since 2004. They have majorities over the Democrats in both the Senate and House of Representatives by margins of 38 to 18 and 119 to 60 to 1 respectively as of 2015. In congressional elections, Georgia is now represented in the U.S. Senate by David Perdue and Johnny Isakson, who are both Republicans. The state also sends 14 members to the U.S. House of Representatives, which in 2015 included 10 Republicans and 4 Democrats.
In the 21st century, many conservative Democrats, including former U.S. Senator and governor Zell Miller, decided to support Republicans.
This page was last modified on 7 September 2015, at 17:34.


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You are here: Home → Coursework → Technology
Computer Games (Coursework Sample)
Provide a breif summery of computer games
With the continuing advancement of the technological world, there has been a significant rise in the number of computer games developed over the years. Computer gaming in itself has evolved over the years with us now being on the 8th generation of computer games. To further understand the world of computer gaming, it is important to first understand what a computer game is. A computer game is a virtual representation of the various day to day activities that are carried out in our day to day leaving. Computer games are aimed at giving users a feel of what various activities would feel like in real life that not so many would get an actual chance of doing in person. Take for instance flying a fighter jet or being at the war front. In the consequent paragraphs to come, the various gaming platforms in the 8th generation of gaming will be discussed in a bid to offer greater insight into the world of gaming (Thomas, 2012).
Computer games are categorized based on their interactive game-play and the set of game play challenges that the game offers to its users. As such, the following are some of the various types of computer game platforms. Action games. These particular genre of games is characterized by the user's ability to possess swift reflexes, accurateness, and mastery to overcome obstacles. They are usually combat or mission based. Action games are further sub-categorized into other smaller sub-genres based on the nature of the game play. They include: Ball and paddle games, Beat 'em up and hack and slash, Fighting games, Maze games, Pinball game, Platform games, Shooter games that are further sub-categorized into: First-person shooter, MMO FPS, Light gun shooter, Shoot 'em up (SHMUP), Tactical shooter, Rail shooter and Third-person shooter (Thomas, 2012).
Ball-and-paddle games were the first predecessor games on home consoles. Beat 'em up games and hack and slash games mainly focus on one-on-many close quarters combat with an increase in the difficulty level with each victory. However, the difference between Beat 'em up games and hack and slash games is that beat 'em ups is characterized by hand-to-hand combat whereas hack and slash games is characterized by melee weaponry such as swords and blades. Fighting games are based on a one-on-one combat between two opponents (Thomas, 2012). Maze games involve a player in a given maze in which their main target is to make their way out of the maze.
Pinball games are an exact replica of the real pin ball table. Platform games are characterized by traveling between different platforms within the game by either running, swimming, using ladders and climbing over ledges. Shooter games are entirely based on projectile weaponry such as guns, missiles and RPG's. Its further sub-genres are based on the camera perspective that the shooter genre offers. First person shooter or FPS games offer the player a first hand, one on one perspective giving the player that feeling of "being there" in person. Massively multi-player online first person shooter games (MMOFPS) is a type of FPS that brings individual players on a multi-player platform over the internet where hundreds of players can battle each other. A shoot 'em up or arcade shooter game is one that is characterized by vehicles or spacecraft's that are used in combat to neutralize enemies. Tactical shooter game is a type of FPS that focuses mainly on team play and tactical build up. Third-person shooter games emphasizes on firing and fighting from a camera perspective whereby the player is seen at a distance (Thomas, 2012).
Action-adventure games is the second genre. It involves elements from both worlds. Obstacles are overcome over a long period using tools or other items such as weaponry. It is further subdivided into; Stealth games, Survival horror games, Real-time 3D adventure games, Text adventure games, Graphic adventure games and Visual novel games. The third category of games is role playing games also known as RPG's. Here, players assume the role of a character given in the game as they progress in the game using their given game characters. They progress so using character given abilities. One such game is known as dungeon and dragons. This genre is also subdivided into sub categories namely: Western RPGs and Japanese RPGs (JRPGs), Use of fantasy in RPGs, Sandbox RPGs, Action RPGs, MMORPGs, Rogue RPGs and Tactical RPGs (Thomas, 2012). The fourth category is known as simulation games. They are intended to simulate real life scenarios. It entails Construction and management simulation, Life simulation and Vehicle simulation.
The last main category is known as strategy games.it involves the player indulging themselves in critical thinking, precise planning and the careful execution of a given set of instructions in order to achieve a given task. Its further sub categorized into: Artillery games, Real-time strategy (RTS), Real-time tactics, Tower defense, Turn-based strategy, Turn-based tactics, War-games and 4X game that involves four main primary goals: 'eXplore, eXpand, eXploit and eXtermine'. Other notable game genres include: Casual games, Music games, Party games, Puzzle games, Sports games, Trivia games, Board games, Card games, Adult video games, Art games, Casual games, Christian games, Educational games and Electronic sports games (T...
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HomeHistology / HistopathologyRenal Transplant Rejection
Renal Transplant Rejection
Ranjitha Veerappan, MD , Lou Ellen Miller, HT, HT (ASCP) , Piyush Joshi, MD , George A. Youngberg, MD
This article has been reprinted with permission from HistoLogic, vol 37 no. 2, 2004.
Determining if the cause of renal allograft dysfunction in the early post transplant period is due to rejection or other reasons is a daunting task for the clinician. Clinical signs and symptoms alone are not helpful in clearly distinguishing the numerous causes of renal dysfunction. Various noninvasive tests including imaging studies have also been unsuccessful in distinguishing rejection from other causes.1 Renal allograft biopsy has, therefore, emerged as a key element in aiding in the accurate diagnosis of transplant rejection.
An allograft biopsy in the context of acute rejection not only helps to confirm the diagnosis, but it also reveals if the rejection is a result of humoral (antibody –mediated) or cellular immunologic mechanisms. This distinction determines the therapeutic course and the successful reversal of acute rejection. Cellular rejection is the more common type and is typically manifested by a T-lymphocyte attack directed against renal tubules (and occasionally against blood vessels). Microscopically, the early stages are characterized by edema and focal infiltration of the interstitium and peritubular capillaries by lymphocytes. In later stages, plasma cells, monocytes, and macrophages appear along with a more diffuse lymphocytic infiltrate. Invasion of the tubular epithelium by lymphocytes is a characteristic finding of tubulointerstitial rejection.2 To standardize diagnoses and avoid false positives, a formal system for interpreting renal allograft biopsies was developed.3 In this system, the diagnosis of acute cellular tubulointerstitial rejection is based on the finding of tubulitis. The criterion for diagnosing tubulitis is the identification of intraepithelial lymphocytes in the tubules.
The interpretation of tubulitis has traditionally been done using periodic acid-Schiff hematoxylin (PASH) staining, which clearly identifies the tubular basement membranes and, therefore, aids in the accurate assessment of the location of the lymphocytes (inside versus adjacent to the tubule). However, a significant drawback related to the PASH stain is that intraepithelial lymphocytes cannot always be reliably distinguished from tubular epithelial cell nuclei. Additional stains such as leukocyte common antigen (LCA) or a T-cell stain (UCHL-1) that specifically identifies lymphocytes have been used to address this issue. However, these stains again raise the issue of the location of the lymphocytes (inside versus adjacent to the tubule), since the basement membrane cannot be visualized by these methods. The ideal stain, therefore, would be the one that combines the ability of the PASH stain to visualize the basement membrane and also identify the lymphocytes with a specific marker such as LCA or UCHL-1. This method would greatly facilitate and improve the accuracy of diagnosing acute cellular tubulointerstitial rejection. Such a stain has recently been developed4 and can be produced using the Ventana Benchmark™ automated immunohistochemistry staining system and the NexES Special stains instrument.
A 32-year-old man with a live unrelated donor renal allograft was noted to have rising creatinine. His immunosuppressive regimen consisted of rapamycin and steroids, with no mycophenolate mofetil or calcineurin inhibitors. The elevated creatinine did not respond to pulse methylprednisolone, so a percutaneous renal biopsy was obtained.
Routine light microscopic renal biopsy stains, including PASH and Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E), were made using standard methods. A UCHL-1/PASH stain was prepared according to the method of Resch et. Al,4 using a Ventana (Ventana,Tucson, AZ) combined automated immunohistochemical (Benchmark™) and histochemical (NexES) stainer. Briefly, the renal core biopsy was received in Carson's fixative, processed overnight, and paraffin embedded. The sections were cut at 3 microns and stained on the Benchmark™ using the iView DAB paraffin detection kit (Ventana,Tucson, AZ) with the T-cell (CD45RO) antibody. After the antibody step, the slides were removed from the Benchmark™, rinsed in DI water/ Dawn dishwashing liquid, and placed on the NexES for routine PASH stain. The slides were then dehydrated through graded alcohols, cleared in xylene, and mounted with a permanent mounting medium.
Figure 1. Tubulitis in the renal biopsy. Lymphocyte cytoplasm stains brown. Tubular borders are clearly delineated. UCHL-1/PASH 400x
Figure 2. Distinguishing lymphocytes from tubular cells can be difficult on a standard PASH stain. PASH 400x
Figure 3. It is difficult to identify borders of tubules on a standard lymphocyte stain; determining the location of the lymphocytes (outside versus inside the tubular basement membranes) can be problematic. LCA 400x
Figure 4. Lymphocytes are clearly identified, and their precise location in relation to tubular basement membranes is easy to determine on the PASH/T-cell stain. UCHL-1/PASH 400x
The biopsy demonstrated moderate interstitial inflammation involving greater than 25% of the cortical area. The inflammatory infiltrate consisted predominantly of lymphocytes, with some admixture of plasma cells, eosinophils, and neutrophils. Several tubular profiles showed greater than four mononuclear cells per tubular cross-section. This was most clearly demonstrated on the PASH/T-cell stain (Figure 1). No tubular cross sections contained more than ten mononuclear cells. The PASH/T-cell stain confirmed that the majority of lymphocytes present were T-cells. A diagnosis of acute cellular rejection, tubulointerstitial type was made (Banff 1997 acute rejection, type IA).
The key element in making a diagnosis of acute cellular rejection, tubulointerstitial type, is the identification of tubulitis. This can be challenging because lymphocytes in foci of presumptive tubulitis can be difficult to distinguish from tubular nuclei on standard stains like H&E or PASH (Figure 2). Immunohistochemical stains for LCA or T-cell markers can reliably identify the lymphocytes, but it may be difficult for these stains to distinguish whether the lymphocytes are truly inside the tubular basement membrane or merely adjacent to the tubule (Figure 3). Combining a basement membrane stain (PAS) with a T cell stain (UCHL-1) elegantly solves the problem of both specifically identifying T-lymphocytes and precisely determining their location (Figure 4). Thus, the presence of tubulitis can quickly and accurately be confirmed or excluded. This combination of UCHL-1/PASH greatly improves the accuracy of diagnosing of acute cellular tubulointerstitial rejection and helps determine the therapeutic course and prognosis.
Brown ED, Chen MYM, Wolfman NT, Ott DJ, Watson NE. 2000. Complications of Renal Transplantation: Evaluation with US and Radionuclide Imaging. RadioGraphics. 20(3):607-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiographics.20.3.g00ma14607
Rosai J. 1996. Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. 8th. Elsevier Science.
Racusen LC, Solez K, Colvin RB, Bonsib SM, Castro MC, Cavallo T, Croker BP, Demetris AJ, Drachenberg CB, Fogo AB, et al. 1999. The Banff 97 working classification of renal allograft pathology. Kidney International. 55(2):713-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00299.x
Resch L, Yu W, Fraser RB, Lawen JG, Acott PD, Crocker JF, Wright JR. 2002. T-cell/periodic acid-schiff stain: A useful tool in the evaluation of tubulointerstitial infiltrates as a component of renal allograft rejection. Annals of Diagnostic Pathology. 6(2):122-124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/adpa.2002.32378
Tissue Markers for Cancer Diagnostics
Article Discussing Fatty Tissue Fixation Using Microwave Technology in Hematology and Histology Research.
Staining for Fungi
Colorimetric Alkaline Phosphatase and Peroxidase Substrate Detection Systems
Centrifugation Separations


A professional facial in Carlsbad complements the work you do at home to keep your skin bright and healthy. Daily cleansing and scrubs will clean your skin, but spa treatments take your skin treatment to a professional level. Not only will you leave with a deeper clean, but you will also know more about how to care for the unique needs of your skin.
A facial begins with exfoliating your skin using a peel-off mask, fragrant scrub, or gentle chemical peel. Customized to counter the sun in Carlsbad, your facial will decrease any damage from the elements. Another option is microdermabrasion with diamond chips to make your skin so clean that it sparkles.
If you want a "lunchtime facelift," a VI Peel will reduce age spots and hyperpigmentation. A VI peel treats acne, scarring, fine lines, wrinkles, and age spots. A couple of days after the treatment, your skin will start to peel and continue to do so for about a week. It will look like it is slightly sunburned. The full results of a VI peel are apparent within six weeks. It also improves the overall health of your skin, giving your face a smooth and radiant glow.
After thoroughly cleaning and exfoliating your skin, your esthetician will use steam to open your pores and loosen the dead skin and debris that causes pimples and blackheads. The professional removal of blocked pores, pimples, and blackheads is safer than doing it yourself. Home extractions are often overly-aggressive and lead to scarring and infection.
Stress causes acne and other skin problems. Spending time getting a facial in Carlsbad gives you the much-needed opportunity to relax and daydream. Most facials include a thorough massage to the release tension in your head and shoulders.
Facials temporarily increase sun-sensitivity; therefore, your esthetician will complete your experience with a sunscreen treatment. After your treatment, you may need to wait a couple of days to spend a prolonged amount of time in the sun.
Before you leave, your esthetician will advise you on how to protect and maintain your healthier, younger looking skin. As experts, they can identify skin conditions and create a personalized cleansing regimen. A regularly-scheduled facial in Carlsbad is not only relaxing but an excellent supplement to your daily skin care routine.
Rejeuviné provides rejuvenating skin treatments and facials in Carlsbad. Visit Rejeuviné at http://rejeuvine.com to learn more about the benefits of professional skincare.


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Q: Sqlalchemy queries are running on snowflake but not consistently returning data When executing queries through a sqlalchemy connection to Snowflake, only a small number return data. The other times, an Operational Error is thrown from the connection.
However, looking at the query_history of my user through the webUI, it shows that the query itself was run and the data produced (rows extracted > 0). However this data was not returned through the connection.
Is there some temporary table where this data is being stored, or further requirements for a snowflake connection that I'm missing?
Thanks

A: A possible reason might be that you have not whitelisted access to snowflake maintained customer internal stage area. This area is used to place large data sets and pull up in the tool when requested.
You can possibly use the whitelisting function and validate if the access is present from your network.
Link here has more information for the whitelisting function.
Hope this helps!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Q: How to integrate Veracode SAST and DAST scan in Gitlab CI/CD pipeline I am trying to integrate a SAST and DAST scan in a Gitlab CI/CD pipeline. Here is my gitlab-ci.yml so far:
Pipeline Scan Static Analysis:
image: veracode/pipeline-scan:latest
stage: Security_Scan
only:
- Feature Branch
script:
- zip myapp.zip ./sample/*
- java -Dpipeline.debug=true -jar /opt/veracode/pipeline-scan.jar -vid $TEAM_ANALYSISCENTER_ID -vkey $TEAM_ANALYSISCENTER_KEY --file myapp.zip --issue_details true --gl_issue_generation true -jf results.json 2>&1 | tee policy_scan_output.txt
artifacts:
paths:
- results.json
- policy_scan_output.txt
when: always
name: "veracode-POLICY-SCAN-$CI_COMMIT_REF_NAME-$CI_COMMIT_SHORT_SHA"
allow_failure: false


I hate to admit it, but the internet has changed my reading habits. Before I spent so much time reading from glowing screens, I had subscriptions to several magazines and literary journals. I loved their glossy pages, stunning photography and amazing content. So what happened?
The same things that have happened to most modern readers. The abundance of free content online of ever improving quality, within convenient reach, stole attention. Meanwhile, a number of print publications struggled to make the digital leap or disappeared altogether.
Print mags, once you pile up a few subscriptions, become expensive. What's more, if you love love love reading, you become locked into reading only your subscriptions, which feels restrictive now, given the range of free reading available.
Readbug has the smartest answer I've seen so far, combining our expectations for online reading material with the best that print magazines had to offer. Like Spotify with music, or Netflix with movies, Readbug is a subscription service that gives readers unlimited access to independent magazines for a monthly fee. And while we're talking comparisons, it has a Flipboard-like interface for easily navigating curated content.
This digital platform for independent magazines gives their print counterparts proper digital treatment, translating photographs and print to the small screen so that articles can be appreciated to their fullest. A Readbug subscription also unlocks all the best reading material that readers would end up paying individual publishers for once their free allotment runs out.
As a digital nomad and reading fiend, it's easy for me to see the benefits of a Readbug subscription. It's more practical than print, since you can take content with you wherever you go (on any device), without hauling copies around. You can read all of your favorite content that you otherwise couldn't afford. Yet, you still have the freedom to discover new sources and read around according to your whims. Can I say goodbye clickbait and welcome back Harper's?
I'd argue that the traditional, every publisher-for-itself approach didn't work so well even before the Internet in terms of maximizing audience engagement. Faced with the sheer volume of available content and venues like Medium now winning over readers that hunger for substance, going alone is suicidal for most independent magazines.
Readbug gives readers the reading experience they now expect, but the top-shelf content they've either given up on or learned to peck at on the margins. I go back to the literary journals I love. There are an incredible number of small publishers that put together beautiful compilations of photo essays, nonfiction, fiction and poetry – that far too many people never see because they simply can't afford them all. By joining the ranks on Readbug, they'd no doubt enjoy more eyes on their pages. Win for both readers and magazine publishers.
So far, Readbug is available on iOS, but with Android compatibility promised soon. The startup currently offers a 30-day free trial offer. Subscribe at readbug.com.


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Q: {% if %} tag for showing strikethrough Let's have a DetailView with a model Person. Let's suppose year_of_birth = None for this Person instance.
Can Django template language organize something like this?
{% with "---" as strikethrough %}

Year of birth:  {% object.year_of_birth or strikethrough %}

{% endwith %}

I've experimented with curly brackets. Anyway I get something like this:
Exception Type: TemplateSyntaxError
Exception Value:
Invalid block tag on line 9: '{strikethrough}', expected 'endwith'. Did you forget to register or load this tag?

Well, is the idea of using 'or' in such case viable or I must use {% if %} tag?

A: You can use the default
or default_if_none template tag:
...

Year of birth: {% object.year_of_birth|default:strikethrough %}

...

Also take a look at firstof for logic with more than two options.


The words, "I love you," are buried in the middle of this defense of angry behavior. They may well be familiar words. But the problem with familiar words is that they often lose their impact and may become background noise to your children. More is needed than just words. Real, tangible actions must accompany the words of love. Let's look at patience.
Both toddlers and teenagers are equally adept at calling for patience to be deployed. Patience is not just a mindset, but a particular action that God commands us to take. Biblical patience is not a natural thing. Biblical patience is the fruit of the Spirit. It cannot be modeled by sitting on a rocker on the front porch. It is modeled by a deep abiding trust that God will care for me as I seek to be a faithful parent. It is modeled by compassion replacing exasperation as you live with your children. It is modeled by patiently enduring in love the struggles your children have, just as your heavenly father is patient with you.
Let patience replace anger and frustration in your parenting. Patience means that you can trust God and use pleasant words that promote instruction. Patience means that you can take the time necessary to really listen to your children. Patience will build a relationship, not tear it down.
Loving your children is shown by patience. Any specific situation we face in raising our children can be challenging and overwhelming. To be patient is to believe that God will care for you and your child. You can believe that God has wisdom in his word that will exactly fit the situation you are facing. You can offer patient love instead of frustration. You can trust God as you cry out to him for help. You can be different. You can, through the power of the Holy Spirit, be patient!
Do you need help raising your teen in this social media world? Get your tickets for Kirk Cameron's new movie, CONNECT, in theaters two nights only.


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What is gefitinib and erlotinib?
What are the side effects of erlotinib?
What is erlotinib used for?
What generation is erlotinib?
Who is Solveig in Peer Gynt?
Gefitinib and erlotinib are the two anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) approved for treatment of advanced NSCLC patients.
Can gefitinib cure lung cancer?
For non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring activating EGFR mutations, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as gefitinib are remarkably effective [1], and no cured case of advanced NSCLC has been reported yet. Here, we now report the first case of EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinoma cured with gefitinib.
Which is better EGFR TKI followed by Osimertinib between afatinib and gefitinib erlotinib?
71.1% (p=0.032)]. The median PFS tended higher in the afatinib group than in the 1st-G group (15.6 vs. 8.9 months, p=0.195). Conclusion: Afatinib followed by osimertinib may provide better outcomes for T790M-positive NSCLC than 1st-G EGFR-TKIs.
Burning, tingling, numbness or pain in the hands, arms, feet, or legs.
cough or hoarseness.
diarrhea (severe)
difficult or labored breathing.
fever or chills.
rash (severe)
sensation of pins and needles.
stabbing chest pain.
How long can you take gefitinib?
The median duration of gefitinib therapy was 11.1 years (7.8 years before and 3.5 years during ICAP), with 10-year and 15-year survival rates of 86% and 59%, respectively, from the initiation of therapy.
What class drug is erlotinib?
Erlotinib is in a class of medications called kinase inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of an abnormal protein that signals cancer cells to multiply.
Erlotinib is used for the treatment of metastatic (cancer that has already spread) non-small cell lung cancer in patients who have certain types of abnormal epidermal growth factor (EGFR) gene mutations. Your doctor will perform a test before you take this medicine.
How does erlotinib work?
Erlotinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) which is a type of cancer growth blocker. It blocks proteins on cancer cells that encourage the cancer to grow. These proteins are called epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR). If you have a cancer that has these receptors you are EGFR positive.
Why was gefitinib withdrawn?
On August 26, 2010, FDA requested that AstraZeneca voluntarily withdraw IRESSA (gefitinib) Tablets from the market, because the postmarketing studies required as a condition of approval under subpart H failed to verify and confirm clinical benefit.
First-generation EGFR TKIs (gefitinib, erlotinib and icotinib) reversibly bind to EGFR and inhibit the binding of ATP to the TK domain. This block hampers cell proliferation, ultimately leading to cell death (11).
What is the most common version of Solveig?
Generally speaking, the most common version is Solveig. However, alternative versions are used in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland, Germany, Latvia, and on the Faroe Islands, and to some extent in France . Solveig is a central character in the play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen.
What does Solveig stand for?
Jump to navigation Jump to search. Solveig (/ˈsoʊlveɪ/ SOHL-vay) is a female given name of Old Norse origin, meaning either "Strong House" or "the Sun's Path". It is most common in Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Iceland, and is also common in Germany and France.
Solveig is a central character in the play Peer Gynt by Henrik Ibsen. She sings the famous " Solveig's Song " in Edvard Grieg 's musical suite of the same name. Ibsen uses sun imagery in association to the character (scene 10, act 5), indicating that Ibsen may have favored the idea that the name is etymologically associated with the sun.
What do you call time calculated from 1970 and second?
How many godparents can you have Roman Catholic?


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Press Release: The United Nations Agrees on a Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration
Friday 13 July 2018 has been hailed as a historic day at the United Nations. For the first time ever, UN Member States have agreed on a multilateral framework for cooperation on the global governance of migration. They have endorsed the Global Compact for Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration after one year of preparatory thematic and regional consultations and multi-stakeholder dialogues, and six months of intense inter-governmental negotiations.
"Given the importance for trade unions of a fair labour migration agenda at global, regional and national levels, we have been deeply engaged in this process from the outset," said Ambet Yuson, General Secretary of BWI, and Chair of the Council of Global Unions Working Group on Migration (CGU-WGM). "We are pleased with a number of significant and positive outcomes for migrants," continued Yuson, "but we regret the counterproductive strategies of a number of Member States. These have resulted in the weakening of language in the text on access to services, justice and labour rights for migrants in irregular status. These are fundamental flaws in the Compact that we must work to overcome".
On the positive side, trade unions welcome the promotion of the ILO's Decent Work Agenda and Conventions addressing labour migration in the Compact. We appreciate the recognition of the role of trade unions in advancing decent work for migrant workers. We also appreciate the openness with which Special Representative Louise Arbour and the Co-facilitators, Ambassadors Jürg Lauber (Switzerland), and Juan José Ignacio Gómez Camacho (Mexico) created spaces for dialogue with trade unions and other civil society organizations, and received their inputs. We welcome the good collaboration with the Like-Minded Group (LMG) of Member States and the African Group who promoted the fair labour migration and the decent work agenda throughout the process. (Download the Like-Minded Group Statement here).
The outcome has been the forging of a consensus around a comprehensive migration policy agenda, organized into 23 Objectives. They include such critical issues as enhancing pathways for regular migration, promoting ethical recruitment and decent work, safeguarding labour rights, providing access to services, social protection and justice to migrants, (although, regrettably, with differential access for undocumented migrants), promoting skills recognition and development, promoting portability of social security, addressing vulnerabilities in migration, including climate-induced displacements, trafficking, smuggling, forced labour, child labour, and gender-based violence.
In our Statement delivered to the closing plenary of the Intergovernmental negotiations, trade unions reminded the Member States that according to its guiding principles, the Global Compact was founded on the universality of human rights and the Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work which are enshrined in the Decent Work Agenda. Insistence on clear distinctions between regular and irregular migrants, and enumerating differential regimes for access to services, due process and coverage under human and labour rights provisions were unacceptable. This approach, evident in paragraph 22 i) of the Compact, contradicts protections in international human rights treaties and labour standards. This is a step backwards from decades of well-established ILO doctrine and human rights protections for all migrants. The Compact's failure to recognize the importance of firewalls between labour law and immigration enforcement is also a major departure from well-established protections for irregular migrant workers.
Trade unions are all the more determined to stay engaged with all relevant UN agencies in the process of Implementation, Follow-up and Review while working as a social partner within the tripartite consultative framework of the ILO. The aim is to ensure that migration policies at national, regional and global levels remain firmly rooted in the principles of decent work and core labour standards for all migrants, regardless of status, which the Member States have an obligation to uphold.
As regards Implementation, Follow-up and Review of the Compact, a UN Migration Network has been established, led by the Secretary General. This mechanism replaces the Global Migration Group (GMG). The Network will hold a Framing Conference in Geneva from 15 to 16 October 2018, to determine its terms of reference, including roles and responsibilities of the ILO and other specialized UN Agencies with competencies in the field of migration. The International Organization for Migration (IOM), will be the coordinating Secretariat for the Network.
The Global Compact will be formally adopted by the Member States at an Intergovernmental Conference to be held in Marrakesh, Morocco from 10-11 December 2018.
Download the UN Press Release of 13 July 2018.
You can find the ITUC press release here.
For further information, please contact Jin Sook Lee, jinsook.lee@bwint.org, +41 79 962 4793 (Mobile)


I?ve Noticed My Hair Thinning ? What Can I Do?
By far, the leading cause of hair thinning in both men and women is genetic. Scientists have determined that wearing a cap does not cause thinning hair and that many of the hair thinning products on the market, such as shampoos and solutions, do not work.
Hair thinning treatments prescribed by the doctor have varying results and are different for each patient. While some of these treatments do have success, as soon as you stop using them the hair starts thinning out again. You will never recover the full head of hair of your youth, but many hair thinning products can help you from becoming completely bald.
Surgical hair thinning treatments are successful, but costly. The surgeon removes a small patch of healthy hair and used this to create several hair grafts. With this treatment for hair thinning, he/she will place them over the thinning patches at angles so that when the hair starts to grow, no one will ever notice the difference. You may also have to use other hair thinning products prescribed by the doctor, such as a pill or a topical solution that you use twice a day on your scalp.
Women appear to be better candidates for this treatment because they usually don't lose all their hair. These hair thinning treatments are also different for men and women because some of these products cause hair to grow on other parts of the body that might be unseemly for a female.
You also have to be careful about the hair thinning treatments, even if they are prescribed. Some of them have harmful side effects and some of them only promote hair growth on the top and the sides of the head and not for hair thinning on the back. You might want to have beautiful hair again, but not at the expense of your health.
Hair thinning treatments can vary widely, so consult your doctor first.


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HomePosts tagged 'responsible investment'
Sandfire attack raises question: is it time to legislate sustainability reporting?
November 20, 2014 November 20, 2014 GordonNoble ACSI, ANU, CAER, ESG, responsible investment, Sandfire Resources, sustainability reporting
On 13th November 2014 Sandfire Resources announced that it had filed proceedings in the Federal Court against ESG researcher Centre for Australian Ethical Research (CAER) in regards to research profiles that CAER had provided to ANU.
In taking legal action Sandfire Resources has not just focused on the output of ESG researchers but has drawn attention to the gap between the information companies provide and what investors need to make informed decisions.
One of the foundations of responsible investment has been the idea that investors should engage with companies. But what do we do with companies that do not respond to engagement requests?
Sandfire Resources may be upset at CAER's review, but responsible investors have long been frustrated that listed companies willingly choose to ignore requests for information.
In 2008, I approached the Australian Council of Superannuation Investors with a proposal to develop a benchmark of sustainability reporting practices of ASX 100 companies. My argument to ACSI was that whilst there were good examples of sustainability reporting in the Australian market, many companies either did not report in any way on sustainability, or reported in a way that was of limited value to investors.
As responsible investment develops a key question for investors is how to address the impediments that exist to implementing environmental, social and governance (ESG) practices in the market.
How can investors who are trying to integrate ESG factors into portfolios do so if they don't have relevant information from all players in the market?
By creating a benchmark of sustainability reporting this provided a mechanism for investors to review the sustainability reporting practices of companies over time.
ACSI's first benchmark of sustainability reporting practices in 2008 found that sustainability reporting was distributed according to a bell shaped curve with outliers being best practice reporters (16%) and companies that provided no reporting (17%).
ACSI has now been producing an annual report on sustainability reporting for seven years. This year's report found that 85% of ASX200 companies provide some level of reporting on sustainability factors. Interpreted another way, there are 15% of companies that still provide no reporting at all.
Frustrated at the lack of response from laggard companies, last year ACSI publicly disclosed the names of 8 companies that had been rated at 'No Reporting' for four or more consecutive years. In 2014, 5 of those companies now provide some level of sustainability reporting.
If companies such as Sandfire Resources take legal action when they are not happy with the output from an ESG researcher, should investors be taking legal action when they get no response from a company to their information requests?
A better way than institutionalising legal conflict could be to legislate sustainability reporting. This would be far more efficient. It would remove any debate about what information a company should provide. Legislation could simply require that all companies report according to the Global Reporting Initiative. Other countries have already gone down this path.
By taking legal action Sandfire Resources has opened up the debate on sustainability reporting. The way Sandfire has done this may not be optimal but it will put a spotlight on sustainability reporting. This is something that investors have been seeking for the last seven years.
Whatever the outcome of the legal action, we can guarantee that the bar on sustainability reporting will be raised in coming years. This may either be through companies voluntarily lifting their reporting standards, or through legislation.
ACSI Sustainability Reporting Journey 2014
http://www.acsi.org.au/images/stories/ACSIDocuments/generalresearchpublic/Sustainability%20Reporting%20Journey%202014.Jul%2014.pdf
ACSI Sustainability Reporting Journey 2008 – first report
http://www.acsi.org.au/documents/Sustainability%20Reporting%20(website).pdf
Why Fast Food Strikes in US will not go away – and what McDonalds needs to do about it
September 12, 2014 GordonNoble fast food strikes, McDonalds, responsible investment, SEIU, trade union
Over the last 2 years the SEIU, the trade union that represents US service workers, has been running a campaign for a $15 minimum wage, holding at least seven strikes across the country. In the last week demonstrations across the country led to arrests, including 21 in New York, 50 in Chicago, 50 in Detroit and 27 in Wisconsin. This list goes on.
The strikes have sparked a series of bitter commentary with McDonalds accusing the SEIU of paying strikers. According to quotes in The Guardian a McDonald's spokesperson stated "We reiterate that these are not 'strikes' but are staged demonstrations in which people are being transported to fast-food restaurants. And, we have received reports that some participants are being paid, up to $500, to protest and get arrested." The Guardian quote the National Restaurant Association as stating the protests were nothing more than "orchestrated union PR events where the vast majority of participants are activists and paid demonstrators".
Prior to moving into the responsible investment field I worked for trade unions in both Australia and the UK. I have a good understanding of the way trade unions work and the way they campaign. Whilst a trade union may at times run a campaign that is overtly political it cannot maintain a campaign unless there is a genuine issue. The ongoing duration of the campaign, and the depth of passion that is being generated suggests that there is more to these protests that 'union orchestration.'
To understand what is going on it is necessary to understand the psychological relationship that an individual has with their employer and their trade union. In the main employees like their employers – particularly the people they work with at a local level. Employees will tolerate a lot from employers. They understand the need for businesses to restructure and to make decisions that ensure profitability. They will even accept lower pay increases when times are lean.
What workers want from their trade union can change according to the circumstances of their work. Sometimes they want their union to collaborate with the employer. Sometimes they want the union to stand up and ensure fairness.
There are however times when an employee's general tolerance for their employer tips over into anger. When this happens history has shown that employees will go to extraordinary efforts to achieve change.
This is one of those moments. The fight for a minimum wage didn't just appear over night. The trade union movement has been arguing about it for years. But what has changed is that workers have reached the point when they can no longer get by. This happens slowly. Initially workers absorb housing cost increases, food price increases and energy price increases. But over time anger at the fact that it is impossible to 'get by' no matter how hard a person works builds.
The SEIU fast food strikes are an example of this. They are not ultimately due to the strategy of a union official. If that was the case the actions would have petered out long ago.
Whilst the SEIU's focus is on fast food, campaigns on minimum wages are popping up elsewhere across the globe – an example is Unite's campaign for London hotel workers.
See: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXSxOAba28U
The message for McDonalds, Burger King and other fast food chains is that the campaign for increases to the minimum wage won't go away. Because it can't go away.
What the fast food sector must do is something it has never wanted to do – and that is negotiate with trade unions.
But what will happen if it doesn't? The answer is that the sector will still continue to operate and generate profits for investors, but it will not escape attention. Campaigns will continue, which will mean that the industry will stay in the public spotlight. The sector will also attract increased attention from politicians. Already President Obama has weighed in stating "all across the country right now there's a national movement going on made up of fast-food workers organizing to lift wages so they can provide for their families with pride and dignity. There is no denying a simple truth. America deserves a raise."
The impact of attention on the sector will flow to other issues including the sector's impact on obesity and its carbon footprint.
There is however an alternative path for fast food companies that will in the long term build value. By focusing on engagement not opposition, fast food companies can embrace innovation. There is little benefit in the sector all sticking together in defending increasing minimum wages. Ultimately it will be consumers, who are socially conscious, and whose food habits are changing, that will determine the future winners and losers in the sector.
In simple terms the way that fast food companies react to strikes can be seen as a leading indicator for long term investment returns.


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Fred Ellis (22 July 1907 – 31 December 1963) was a South African boxer. He competed in the men's welterweight event at the 1928 Summer Olympics. He lost in first fight of the tournament to Johan Hellström of Finland.

References

External links

1907 births
1963 deaths
South African male boxers
Olympic boxers of South Africa
Boxers at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing
Welterweight boxers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Talking Policy
Talking Policy: Garry Kasparov on Putin's Russia
February 5, 2016 May 24, 2018 dictatorship, Garry Kasparov, Russia, Vladimir Putin
Putin's rule has become increasingly brutal in recent years, characterized by political repression and aggressive foreign policy. World Policy Journal sat down with Garry Kasparov, political activist and author of the recently published book Winter Is Coming: Why Vladimir Putin and the Enemies of the Free World Must Be Stopped, to discuss recent developments in Putin's reign.
WORLD POLICY JOURNAL: In the book, you recall a question you asked a European Union official in 2005: "What would it take for Europe to stop treating Putin like a democrat? Maybe if all opposition parties are banned? Or what if they started shooting people in the street?" Seeing as opposition parties have indeed been banned in Russia, and with Boris Nemtsov's murder in February 2015, Europe and the U.S. have still not made any significant moves to stand up to Putin. We ask you: what would it take for Europe—and the U.S.—to stop treating Putin like a democrat?
GARRY KASPAROV: I don't think they are treating him as a democrat any longer. We definitely saw quite a significant change in the assessment of Putin, but not in the behavior. I think today, as opposed to 2005 and 2006, they know that Putin is a brutal dictator. Before, they believed that Russia could be a fragile democracy, and Putin was the best Russia could hope for. They now know that he's capable of murdering people and invading neighboring countries, but still see no way of confronting him openly because of the conclusion that upsetting the status quo could be more damaging than simply playing into Putin's hands. We saw it with the latest revelation of Litvinenko's murder and the reaction of the Dutch government to the MH17 tragedy. They know who Putin is, but there is no political will to confront him, as he deserves.
WPJ: What would it take at this point for the West to lead the charge against Putin's actions?
GK: I wish I knew. We all witnessed quite a long and painful list of "Putin will not do this" items. We saw that, one by one, he simply crossed all the borders, erased all the red lines. Considering the lack of political will and inherent weakness in political leadership in Europe and the U.S., I'm afraid that Putin's drastic actions may be unanswered until there is a change in the leadership of the U.S. or in the public mood in Europe, which again might happen because definitely Putin is testing the limits. But still, I don't know where the limits are.
WPJ: Now that oil prices are tanking, and the ruble is declining every single day, what does that mean for Putin and Russia in the future?
GK: Naturally, Putin will never experience the same comfort in spending money as he pleased. At the same time, I could see him looking for asymmetrical solutions because the Russian economy will never recover to the level where Putin could feel comfortable in regaining his popularity from 2005, when he could be seen as a leader who revived economic stability and brought a new prosperity to the Russian middle class. The only tools remaining in Putin's hands now are all connected to propaganda and foreign aggression. That's why my fear is that further decline of the Russian economy will inspire Putin to pursue more aggressive action abroad and more crackdowns at home.
WPJ: Do you think that low oil prices will affect Russian involvement in Syria? Can Putin afford his broad foreign policy ambitions at this point?
GK: When one faces the decline of income, we can see how truncated budgets reflect priorities. Putin's priorities are not connected to the Russian economy or the well-being of Russian citizens. We see that, even at the time of this financial hardship, he still spends money on the military, the security apparatus, and his propaganda machine. I think it's undoubtedly a war budget. I don't think that any crisis will force Putin to quit voluntarily his operation in Syria, or his military buildup in Ukraine.
WPJ: Now that he is playing a key and active role in the Syrian conflict, how do you think it will unfold? What should the Western coalition do?
GK: Syria constitutes an important political victory for Putin. The Syrian crisis cannot be resolved with Putin's crony, Bashar al-Assad, in power, and Assad's murderous regime is a prime source for violence in the region. But Western powers played into Putin's hands, treating Putin as a part of the solution, not as the main problem. And while the West is talking about diplomatic solutions, Putin's planes have been bombing and destroying the opposition and not ISIS. He definitely succeeded in changing his role in global affairs. Now he is no longer a pariah, but a big player who cannot be ignored. A side effect of his aggressive actions in Syria is the refugee crisis. The more refugees head to Europe, the more that boosts the credentials of ultra-nationalist groups in Europe. All of them are big fans and supporters of Putin, and some of them are directly financed by Moscow. With more political power gained by forces like the National Front in France, the chances for lifting sanctions, which is absolutely vital for Putin's political survival in Russia, are improving every day.
WPJ: Do you think Putin has any plan for how Russia will eventually get out of the Middle East quagmire?
GK: I don't think Putin is in the position to make any long-term plans because he thinks about survival today. Exit strategy is the privilege and the necessity of democracies. Any government should be responsible for the soldiers that are sent into war overseas, and leaders have to report to their parliaments, press, and public. Putin doesn't report to anybody. He will stay there as long as he stays in the Kremlin because dictators cannot afford any sign of weakness. Retreat is not an option for Putin. The moment he retreats internationally, he might face challenges from his own rank-and-file in Russia. Dictators should always look at what's happening behind them, because the moment they turn their backs to their own cronies, they are too vulnerable.
WPJ: To refer to the book's title, when winter actually comes to Europe and Ukraine, would Russia cut off gas to them?
GK: Even at the time the book was written, European dependence on Russian gas was much less vital than Russian dependence on the European market. Two years ago, European customers received about one-third of their gas and oil products from Russia, while Russia sold 80 percent of its gas and oil exports to Europe. Naturally, Russia had much more to lose. Europe has been talking for a long time about reducing dependence. We now see some action, but we recently saw Germany making a separate deal with Russia on the second pipeline in the Nord Stream. I think the issue is that of a political and business status quo in which it is in the interest of European politicians and captains of European business to build very strong personal ties and relations with the Kremlin.
WPJ: Let's say Europe wants to weaken Russia. What can it do to further itself from Russian gas?
GK: There are opportunities to work on the project of bringing the gas from Turkmenistan and Azerbaijan via Turkey. One of the best options would be to build a pipeline for gas from Qatar. But then you have to resolve the Syrian problem, and that's probably one of the reasons why Putin is so adamant to make sure it will never happen. I still believe that Norway could increase its production, and that there's gas from North Africa. It's about political will and a comprehensive, long-term policy that will guarantee that Europe will never be blackmailed politically by any of the suppliers.
WPJ: The U.S. elections are coming up this year. You mentioned Obama's failure to send a strong message to Putin in his first years. Where did Obama go wrong? What should the next U.S. President do to send a message to Putin telling him to "back up"?
GK: I think the problem is not only Russia. The next president would have to work really hard to rebuild confidence in America's foreign policy, because Obama's foreign policy created a very dangerous vacuum worldwide. America's friends lost confidence in the U.S., while the enemies of the free world were emboldened by the lack of action and will to participate actively in global affairs. Regarding Putin, America still has several very powerful, non-military tools to curb Putin's aggressive actions. Russia depends on foreign financial markets, and sanctions that are in place today, though mild, are very painful; that's why Putin is trying to demonstrate his ability to get rid of those sanctions. So it's very important that the sanctions stay as long as Russia keeps occupying Ukrainian territory. I think U.S. foreign policy needs a long-term vision. It's time to talk about the future of the world, how we can build new institutions to make sure that international treaties will not be violated as blatantly as Putin did in Crimea. The U.S. needs to build coalitions in Europe and elsewhere, regain confidence of its allies, and make sure that the enemies of the free world will realize that America is no longer passively watching their rise.
WPJ: You consistently mention throughout the book that confrontation with Putin is inevitable. Why do you say that?
GK: It is inevitable because confrontation with Putin is the only way for him to stay in power. Every dictator needs a myth to tell why, after so many years, he still stays in power while the economy is in such a poor state. I see him creating more conflict zones to justify his power. Whether it's Putin or other thugs and terrorists and dictators, they have to continue their policy of confrontations with the free world. The moment they stop, they will be questioned by their own people, since these regimes are not capable of producing high living standards or competing with the free world.
WPJ: You've just said that Putin might attempt to create new conflict zones. Do you have any predictions as to where?
GK: Right now, I think he will be concentrating on his Syrian agenda. He doesn't currently see any benefits to resuming the war in Ukraine, since he has problems with Crimea and with supply, and since lifting sanctions is of top priority. For the next few months, he might be playing a quiet game because he could see that some of his goals can be reached through diplomacy. As long as Obama, Merkel, and Cameron are willing to play his game, he might refrain from drastic actions before sanctions are lifted. Having said that, I would not exclude the possibility that with further deterioration of the situation in Russia, we can expect Putin to shift attention by creating another conflict zone sooner or later. Any expectations that Putin will go back to cooperating simply ignore historical experience. Dictators, after the first phase of their rule when they need friends to solidify their power, reach a point where they need enemies. Putin needs enemies to justify his indefinite rule in Russia. Since he has run out of enemies inside Russia, he is very good at inventing them.
WPJ: In retrospect, invading Ukraine was simple for Putin. Do you think he will have the willpower to potentially attack Estonia and Latvia?
GK: It depends on the degree of desperation. Right now, I think it's highly unlikely because diplomacy is working on lifting sanctions, which will demonstrate to the Russian ruling elite that Putin is still very much in charge. Lifting sanctions will be a major political victory for him. That's why if he is satisfied with this result, he can have a break. It may not be a long one since the Russian economy probably will not recover, and he will not have the same freedom of spending as before. But under no circumstances would I exclude potential attacks on Latvia and Estonia if he is still desperate.
WPJ: What should the U.S. and NATO do? Don't they need Russia's cooperation to fight the Islamic State or to tackle other global challenges?
GK: No, it's very clear that Russia is not fighting ISIS. Putin is in Syria to work on his own agenda. Russia, Assad, and Iran are not part of the solution, but are part of the main problem in the region. It's not even a secret that Putin's planes are not attacking ISIS, and Putin's interest in Syria is opposite to those of Western powers and the Syrian people. The sooner the free world stops playing these games, the better for everybody. I think the only solution for the Syrian refugee crisis is to destroy ISIS there, to liberate Syria, and to bring the refugees back. In order to achieve it, the West should recognize that as long as Putin's troops remain in Syria, there will be no solution for the Syrian crisis.
WPJ: Following Bolotnaya Square, the Putin-Medvedev-Putin shift, Nemtsov's murder, Pussy Riot, and the multitude of examples of repression, is there any hope for a domestic change? A Euromaidan on the Red Square? Is the Russian population that blinded by Russian media that it's easier for them to slip into fear or apathy?
GK: I don't think Russia can move forward without transiting through a period of massive violence. Putin's dictatorship cannot be compared to the authoritarian tendencies shown by Yanukovych, and will not disappear as a result of elections. I think it could go down only as a result of the massive uprising of a desperate population, and a split in the elite. I'm not happy to tell you that. I don't want to see any more violence in Russia, but it has reached the point where the violent position is inevitable. Now, as to what will happen as a result of the violent position, I don't know. What I know from books of history I've read is that regimes like Putin's—the longer they stay in power, the worse the outcome. For those who are afraid that Putin's demise today could lead to a negative outcome or to massive violence, tomorrow, it would be even worse, and the day after tomorrow, it could be a global disaster. It's in everyone's interests to make sure Putin's full-blown one-man dictatorship will not last long enough to spread problems that are tormenting Russia and Russia's neighboring countries to the rest of the world.
WPJ: In the conclusion of Winter is Coming, you say that the most important thing is to fund and promote the extensive education of children. What is the education system like in Russia, and is there any way for the next generation to realize the true nature of Putin's Russia?
GK: From what I understand, the overall crisis in Russia hurts Russian education as well. I see no way of any significant improvement for Russian education, as long as we have a government that thinks that military and security apparatus—and of course, propaganda—are priorities. Poisonous propaganda of Putin's regime is also having very negative effects on the minds of youngsters.
WPJ: The title of your book is a reference to Game of Thrones. In A Clash of Kings, the second novel in the series, the eunuch spymaster Varys poses a riddle: "A priest, a king, and a rich man stand together and each one orders the same swordsman to slay the other two. Who will the swordsman obey?" Varys's simple answer is: "Power resides where men believe it resides." In Russia, why do people believe power resides with Putin?
GK: I tried to explain in the book the mistakes that were made, and why Putin could become the Putin we know today. I leave the answer to this question to historians because I'm more concerned about what happens after Putin. And I think for Russia to survive, it will have to dramatically change its narrative. I feel that there's still potential for Russia to look for its own identity—not an imperial identity, but a state that will become part of Europe's culture and civilization, and will eventually play a positive role in global affairs.
This interview has been edited and condensed for clarity.
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