So we see that here in Hebrews, Paul of Tarsus referred to Yahshua Christ and said "when He", meaning God Himself, "introduces the First Born into the inhabited world", meaning Christ, "He says: 'and all Messengers of Yahweh must worship Him.'" And doing so Paul must have been referring to Deuteronomy chapter 32, as there is no place in Scripture such as that where that statement was made, except for the 97th Psalm. But the 97th Psalm is actually describing many of the same hopes expressed in Deuteronomy chapter 32, in the expected vengeance of God on His enemies and of the vanity of idolatry because only Yahweh is God.
In chapter 10 of his first epistle to the Corinthians Paul spoke of the wanderings of Israel with Moses and said that they "4... did all drink the same spiritual drink: for they drank of that spiritual Rock that followed them: and that Rock was Christ." Earlier in that same chapter of Deuteronomy we read these words ascribed to Moses: "2 My doctrine shall drop as the rain, my speech shall distil as the dew, as the small rain upon the tender herb, and as the showers upon the grass: 3 Because I will publish the name of the LORD: ascribe ye greatness unto our God. 4 He is the Rock, his work is perfect: for all his ways are judgment: a God of truth and without iniquity, just and right is he." Then later in Deuteronomy chapter 32, there are further references to that same Rock, where Moses spoke of the enemies of God and it says in reference to the children of Israel: "30 How should one chase a thousand, and two put ten thousand to flight, except their Rock had sold them, and the LORD had shut them up? 31 For their rock is not as our Rock, even our enemies themselves being judges." So to Paul of Tarsus, Yahshua Christ was the Rock of Deuteronomy chapter 32, and therefore Yahshua Christ must be Yahweh God incarnate.
So in reference to verse 6 of Hebrews chapter 1, we maintain that Paul is making this assertion: that where Yahweh in Deuteronomy chapter 32 outlined His plan for the children of Israel in the song of Moses, He was indeed introducing the First Born into the inhabitable world, as that is the beginning of the revelation of His plan to come into the world Himself in order that He may save His people.
Thus far Paul has magnified the Son, equated Him to God Himself, and explained that the Son is greater than the angels, or Messengers. Here, as we hope to make evident, Paul seems to be using the word for Messengers, or Angels, in several ways. First, there are the heavenly Messengers who had announced things to men in the Old Testament, and sometimes in the Gospel. Then, there are the prophets of old who had announced the will of God to men in the past, and in a sense they are also Messengers, so they cannot be discounted. Therefore in the opening of this epistle, Paul had also attested that the Son is now the vessel through which God speaks to man.
Now Paul turns to discuss the Messengers once again. However Paul had already repeated the Scripture which insists that all of the Messengers of God must worship the Son. In that, he includes both the heavenly Messengers, which shall become evident later in chapter 2 of this epistle, and the Messengers of the Son Himself, beginning with the apostles of Christ, which are also referenced here. Since the time of the Revelation of Christ, there are no heavenly angels communicating with man, because the Son chose to employ earthly Messengers, and we hope that will also become immediately evident here.
Here Paul quotes from Psalm 104:4, where in a list of the wondrous acts of Yahweh it says "4 Who maketh his angels spirits; his ministers a flaming fire..." Likewise, the word for servants here in this verse of Hebrews may have been read as ministers. An examination of the Psalm reveals that it contains many references to elements of the Creation of God which are apparently allegories for people. We will not discuss them all here, but we shall assert that in this particular verse, we have a Hebrew parallelism, where the descriptions of angels as spirits and of ministers as a flame of fire refer to the same entities.
There certainly seems to be a distinction being made made here. There are the heavenly Messengers, or Angels, which are apparently what Paul meant where he wrote "And then to the Messengers He says", and there are "His Messengers", meaning the Messengers of the First Born who is mentioned in verse 6, which are ostensibly the apostles and bearers of the Gospel of Christ. So the references to angels are not necessarily references to angels in heaven, as angels can also be men. The first group of Messengers are the messengers of God, which seems to be a reference to the heavenly angels who administered the Old Covenant, and later ministered to Christ on earth. But the second group seems to be a reference to the messengers of Christ on earth, the men whom He had chosen to bear the Gospel of the New Covenant.
There is similar language to the verse from Psalm 104 in the closing verses of Psalm 103: "17 But the mercy of the LORD is from everlasting to everlasting upon them that fear him, and his righteousness unto children's children; 18 To such as keep his covenant, and to those that remember his commandments to do them. 19 The LORD hath prepared his throne in the heavens; and his kingdom ruleth over all. 20 Bless the LORD, ye his angels, that excel in strength, that do his commandments, hearkening unto the voice of his word. 21 Bless ye the LORD, all ye his hosts; ye ministers of his, that do his pleasure. 22 Bless the LORD, all his works in all places of his dominion: bless the LORD, O my soul." Here the Psalm refers to several entities which are actually all the same but which are being described in different ways: those who fear God, who keep His covenant and His commandments, His angels that do his commandments, his hosts who are ministers of His, and His works in all places are all Hebrew parallelisms. They are all descriptive statements referring to the same entities, to those who follow the will of their God regardless of whether they are in heaven or on earth.
As Yahweh said in Isaiah chapter 42, "19 Who is blind, but my servant? or deaf, as my messenger that I sent? who is blind as he that is perfect, and blind as the LORD'S servant?" In all cases, the messenger and the servant and he that is perfect [being perfected by God] are representative of the children of Israel, which is quite clear from the context of the chapter. But the word messenger in Isaiah 42:19 is the same word translated as angel in Psalms 103 and 104 and many other passages of Scripture. So we cannot imagine that every reference to an angel, or a messenger, is to a heavenly messenger.
The apostle John used the term spirit of living men in a very similar way where he wrote in chapter 4 of his first epistle: "2 Hereby know ye the Spirit of God: Every spirit that confesseth that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is of God: 3 And every spirit that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God: and this is that spirit of antichrist, whereof ye have heard that it should come; and even now already is it in the world." John was referring to embodied spirits, the spirits of men, and not to spirits which were disembodied or in heaven.
Likewise here Paul refers to embodied spirits of men who are messengers of Christ, and not merely to angels in heaven, although in some of his statements he is referring to angels in heaven. Since the ascension of the Christ described in Acts chapter 1, it is not evident that any heavenly angel has announced the Gospel of Christ on earth, while history is replete with earthly angels announcing the risen Christ in heaven. And while not all angels are men, many angels are indeed men, as many men have been angels.
Then there are "His messengers", the messengers of the First Born come into the world. These are from of the children of Israel who are the messengers of Christ and who shall be made by Yahweh into spirits, and into flames of fire. Thusly, for example, it speaks of the forthcoming vengeance of God in Obadiah verse 18 and it says "And the house of Jacob shall be a fire, and the house of Joseph a flame, and the house of Esau for stubble, and they shall kindle in them, and devour them..." A similar judgment was made in ancient times against the Assyrians, and that judgement was carried out in the people of the Scythians [descendants of the Israelites] who destroyed Assyria. Prophesying that historical event, the prophet Isaiah had written [Isaiah 10:17]: "17 And the light of Israel shall be for a fire, and his Holy One for a flame: and it shall burn and devour his thorns and his briers in one day...." So when the children of Israel do the will of their God, He makes them into spirits and flames of fire. This is an allegory which is quite the opposite of the Old Testament experience, where angels were spirits or flames of fire, sometimes appearing also as men.
And if we examine the full meaning of the Scripture which Paul has cited here in relation to Christ, we see that Paul is indirectly telling the Hebrews that the righteousness and vengeance of God are found in Yahshua Christ, and that those who turn to Christ and announce His Gospel will ultimately be the instruments of God's vengeance and of God's righteousness in the earth.
One manifestation of this spirit from God abiding with man, which gave men the ability to do things that they otherwise could not do on their own, was the spirit of Pentecost. The spirit of Pentecost did not change the identities or the personalities of the men who received it, but rather it endowed them with a certain deposit of the power of God so as to change their abilities. All of the children of Israel, and of Adam, are born with a spirit which is from God. This is the spirit which God forms within man, which is referred to in Zechariah chapter 12. This is the spirit which Paul informs us is sown a natural body, but is raised a spiritual body, in 1 Corinthians chapter 15. The eternal spirit within man is therefore an element of the Adamic creation, as it says in the Wisdom of Solomon, that "God created man to be immortal, and made him to be an image of his own eternity." But we see from John 14 that Yahweh God adds from His spirit to the spirits of those men who accept Him, and that is what happened at the first Pentecost and in the conversions of lost Israelites in the apostolic age.
There are many instances in the Old Testament where things occurred which were exactly similar to the experiences of the apostles that were made possible by the spirit of Pentecost, but which happened for different reasons. One place is in Judges chapter 3 where we read "9 And when the children of Israel cried unto the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer to the children of Israel, who delivered them, even Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb's younger brother. 10 And the Spirit of the LORD came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and the LORD delivered Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushanrishathaim." Likewise in Judges chapter 6 it says in part "34 But the Spirit of the LORD came upon Gideon, and he blew a trumpet..." and again in Judges chapter 11 it says "29 Then the Spirit of the LORD came upon Jephthah..." and Othniel, Gideon and Jephthah were chosen and endowed with the ability to deliver Israel from their enemies at various times. These men were already accounted as the children of God (Deuteronomy 14:1). They did not undergo some mystical process to become God's children, and that popular modern conception which is held by the denominational Christians is not found in Scripture. When Elisha the prophet received double the spirit which Elijah had, Elijah was still Elijah, and Elisha was still Elisha. However they were both already prophets and children of God. When men who are the children of God are ready to serve God, then He may choose to endow them with a portion of His spirit which enables them to fulfill the mission which He wants them to accomplish.
As it is explained by Christ in John chapter 14, when man agrees with God, God sends a portion of His spirit to dwell with man. Paul makes references to this agreement of the spirit of God within man to the Spirit of God Himself, for instance where he wrote in Romans chapter 8 and said "16 The Spirit itself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are the children of God", and elsewhere in 1 Corinthians chapter 2, "12 Now we do not receive the spirit of the Society, but that spirit from Yahweh, in which case we should know the things granted to us by Yahweh; 13 which also we speak of, not instructed in words of human wisdom, but instructed in of the Spirit, by the spiritual compounding with the spiritual." And Paul also explains that the natural man cannot understand the things of the Spirit of God, yet the spiritual man does indeed have the capacity to understand those things. So, for instance, Paul declares that the law is spiritual, in Romans chapter 7, and then he explains that by the spirit a man can keep it, in Romans chapter 8. So it is not that men may receive a spirit from God if they keep the law, or if they undergo any ritual. But rather, if men have the spirit of God in the first place, if they are born from above, then they can choose to keep the law, and then God in turn chooses to deposit His Spirit with them, alongside their own. That is what was transpiring with the spirit of Pentecost when the men who received it had already decided to turn to Christ and keep His commandments.
Men do not receive the spirit of God with some mystical transformation. Rather, the spirit they are born with is from God, if indeed they are children of God. When those men turn to obedience in Christ, God dwells with them and works through them. So God makes His messengers spirits, meaning that He adds the power of His Spirit to their spirits so that they may accomplish the tasks which He appoints of them, and those same messengers, who are His servants, become a "flame of fire".
8 But in reference to the Son: "Your throne, O Yahweh, is for eternity." And: "a scepter of rectitude is the scepter of Your Kingdom.
The Codex Sinaiticus (א) has verse 8 to read only "Your throne, O Yahweh, is for eternity, and the scepter of its Kingdom". The third century papyrus P46 and the Codex Vaticanus (B) follow the text except for a minor variation at the end of the verse, "… is the scepter of its Kingdom." The text follows the Codices Alexandrinus (A) and Claromontanus (D). The Majority Text follows the text except that it wants the word for "and".
We have interpreted the Greek preposition πρός (Strong's # 4314) as "in reference to" here. With the Accusative case, among other things it is said by Liddell & Scott to mean to or towards, in reference to, or relation to, in respect of, touching, etc. There are easier ways to simply say "unto the Son", and the use of the preposition indicates that a stronger meaning was intended.
Here in verses 8 and 9 Paul quotes Psalm 45:6-7 in relation to Christ. The King James Version, which very closely agrees with the Greek of the Septuagint, reads the passage thus: "6 Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. 7 Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness [the Septuagint has 'lawlessness']: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows." The Greek of the New Testament manuscripts which we have followed in this passage is also almost identical to that found in the Septuagint.
And here we have both a statement, in our translation, and a dilemma into which we have purposely placed ourselves. Here, admittedly, in the Masoretic text we have the Hebrew word elohim, a plural of majesty, three times where God appears in the King James Version, and θεός in the Septuagint. On many occasions, translating the Christogenea New Testament, we purposely wrote Yahweh for θεός, or God. We are not apologizing for that, because Yahweh is God, and we have explained ourselves at length on other occasions. So we believe that all those who criticize us for having done that are actually themselves questioning whether Yahweh is God, and it is really they who are in a dilemma. When we made our translation, our methods were calculated. Yahweh, the God of the Old Testament, is also both the Father and the Christ, who is the God of the New Testament, and that is a purposeful statement on our part.
The 45th Psalm which Paul is citing here is apparently an allegory. On the surface, it portrays King David extolling his daughter. But the underlying meaning seems to be a portrayal of the relationship of love between Yahweh and Jerusalem as His daughter, as seen through the eyes of David. David is speaking to God in the Psalm, so the throne is not the earthly throne in Jerusalem. But God is also the subject of the anointing, as all of the pronouns and verb forms show. So this is indeed a Messianic prophecy referring to Christ.
Paul quotes from Psalm 45:6-7, a song of David addressing Yahweh his God, and says that these words were spoken "unto the Son", as the King James Version has it. So in any event, by informing us that these verses of the Psalm were written in reference to the Son, or even simply "unto the Son", as the King James Version has it, Paul of Tarsus is once again asserting that Jesus Christ is God, that Father and Son are indeed One, and as Christ Himself had said, according to the King James translation of Mark chapter 12, "Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord". Even if Yahweh God had given it to David to write these words, they nevertheless refer to Christ, and we see that Christ, occupying the throne of God for eternity, is indeed one and the same with God.
As for the fellows, or companions of Christ, their identity is made evident in chapter 2, where Paul says that "He has taken upon Himself of the offspring of Abraham, from which He was obliged in all respects to become like the brethren".
13 Now has He ever said to any of the Messengers: "Sit at My right hand, until when I would set Your enemies as a footstool for Your feet"?
In Luke chapter 20 where it says "The LORD said unto my Lord", both of the words from which lord is translated are from the Greek word κύριος, which is commonly lord in the New Testament, and so it is in the Septuagint as well. However in the original Hebrew of the Psalm, the first occurrence of lord is the Tetragrammaton, Yahweh, and the second is from the Hebrew word adon (Strong's # 113), which is a noun meaning a lord or a master. So the Hebrew should say "Yahweh said unto my master". It is evident in Luke that Christ as well as His adversaries understood that the passage was in reference to the Messiah as David's master, as Paul also informs us here. This passage further demonstrates that Christ is also a manifestation of God, as David would not be compelled to call his son his master, unless his son were his superior. That is the paradox Christ presented to His adversaries. Later, Christ also attests in Revelation chapter 22 that "I am the root and the offspring of David..." So He must have been the Creator of the race as well as one of its members.
14 Are they not all Spirits of service, being sent forth for a ministry for the sake of those being about to inherit salvation?
We had seen earlier in this chapter that the true Messengers of God worship Christ, and if they do not worship Christ, they are not Messengers of God. This is true of both the heavenly Messengers, whom we would expect to worship Christ, and earthly Messengers as well. However Paul cites this verse to demonstrate to the Hebrews that this man Yahshua Christ is exalted above the heavenly Messengers according to the Scriptures. Here we also see that the true Messengers of God work as servants for the sake of the children of Israel. That was true in the Old Testament Scriptures, and it remains true under the New Covenant. If they are not found doing this, then once again they are not truly Messengers of God. The promises of salvation are exclusively for the children of Israel, so the ministry of service to God should be for their benefit only.
1 For this reason it is necessary for us to give more abundant attention to those things heard, that at no time would we drift off.
2 If the word spoken was confirmed by messengers, and every transgression and disobedience receives a legitimate recompense, 3 how shall we escape, neglecting so great a salvation?
Both the Nestle-Aland Novum Testamentum Graece (NA27) and the King James Version extend the interrogative through to the end of 2:4, although here it ends at the end of this first clause of verse 3. Other manuscript editors (i.e. Berry and Stephanus) support our reading.
Here we see another confirmation of our interpretation of Paul's use of the term for messenger in the previous verses. The spoken word Paul is referring to are the Old Testament promises of a Messiah that he had just cited throughout chapter 1, and which were being confirmed by the apostles who were bearing the Gospel of Christ, as the warning that these Hebrews may neglect "so great a salvation" fully indicates. Therefore Paul distinguishes the heavenly Messengers from the Messengers of the Gospel, who are the apostles of Christ, and the Hebrews to whom he writes had encountered many other apostles besides Paul. As Paul shall explain later in this epistle, where "every transgression and disobedience receives a legitimate recompense", without Christ no transgression has forgiveness, since there is no more propitiation for sin under the law. Understanding that, the consequences of neglecting this salvation are certainly magnified.
Which having been received at the beginning, being spoken through the Prince, by those hearing is confirmed to us, 4 Yahweh joining in testimony with both signs and wonders and various works of power, and apportionments of Holy Spirit in accordance with His will [D has "in accordance with Yahweh"].
There is a lot being said in a few words here, and a powerful argument for those reading this epistle to continue reading it and to consider what it says. Paul is attesting that the word spoken was received at the beginning, which refers to the words of the Old Testament Scriptures in reference to Christ which he has thus far followed from Deuteronomy through the Psalms. Then Paul attests that these were also the things spoken of by Christ in His earthly ministry, as the Gospel of Christ is indeed the confirmation of the Old Testament promises to Israel. Then Paul attests here that there is confirmation for those bearing the Gospel with the acceptance of the message by those who have already turned to Christ, who are "those hearing". Finally, Paul attests that the miracles of the apostolic age granted with the Spirit of Pentecost are a confirmation from God Himself of all of these other things which he has attested. So in this manner Paul endeavors to convince the Hebrews that Christ is the fulfillment of their Old Testament faith.
5 For He did not subject to messengers that coming inhabitable world of which we speak.
As it was in verse 6 of chapter 1, the phrase "inhabitable world" is from the Greek word οἰκουμένη (Strong's # 3625), referring to the dwelling-place of the Adamic race, or the Greco-Roman world of the time of Christ.
Here Paul seems to be alluding to the fact that the ancient Hebrews perceived the kingdoms of this world to be ruled over by angels, fallen or otherwise, which is evident in the accounts of the conquests of ancient Israel over kingdoms controlled by the Rephaim, and also in places such as Daniel chapter 10. It is also evident in other places in Hebrew apocryphal literature, such as in references to Gilgamesh found in the Dead Sea Scrolls, that fallen angels ruled over the kingdoms of antiquity. The "coming inhabitable world" of which Christians speak is the Kingdom of Heaven, and God has subjected it to Himself alone, through Yahshua Christ, which is the message Paul has conveyed by citing the Psalms in reference to the scepter and throne of God in the preceding verses. So once again, Paul endeavors to show that according to the Scriptures, Christ is superior to all of the former angels of God. This argument is made to demonstrate that the Gospel is superior both to Moses and the prophets, and a fulfillment of Moses and the prophets.
"What is man, that You would be mindful of Him? Or a Son of man, that You would watch over Him? 7 You have lowered Him some bit beyond the Messengers; in honor and dignity You have crowned Him.
At the end of verse 7, the Codices Sinaiticus (א), Alexandrinus (A), Ephraemi Syri (C) and Claromontanus (D) all have an additional phrase which reads "and appointed Him over the works of Your hands", for which we may compare Psalm 8:5-6. The text follows the third century papyrus P46, the Codex Vaticanus (B), and the Majority Text.
Here in verses 6 through 8 Paul quotes from Psalms 8:4-6. The Psalm itself refers to the creation of the Adamic Man described in Genesis chapter 1: "O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth! who hast set thy glory above the heavens. 2 Out of the mouth of babes and sucklings hast thou ordained strength because of thine enemies, that thou mightest still the enemy and the avenger. 3 When I consider thy heavens, the work of thy fingers, the moon and the stars, which thou hast ordained; 4 What is man, that thou art mindful of him? and the son of man, that thou visitest him? 5 For thou hast made him a little lower than the angels, and hast crowned him with glory and honour. 6 Thou madest him to have dominion over the works of thy hands; thou hast put all things under his feet: 7 All sheep and oxen, yea, and the beasts of the field; 8 The fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passeth through the paths of the seas. 9 O LORD our Lord, how excellent is thy name in all the earth!" But the Adamic Man had fallen from the purpose which Yahweh intended for him, as it is described in Genesis chapter 3. A thousand years being a day to God, the last 7,500 years have all been a part of the process of correction.
At the same time, Paul is citing this Psalm in relation to both man, and to Yahweh God incarnate as man, as we see below in verse 9. So that is why we capitalized the pronoun in our translation in verse 7, as it refers to Christ as well as to man in general. Paul explains why this verse relates to Christ in the balance of this chapter.
Therefore while He would subject all things to Him, He left nothing unsubjected to Him. But now we do not yet see all things being subjected to Him.
9 Yet we see Yahshua, being made some bit lower than the Messengers, through the suffering of death being crowned with honor and dignity, so that by favor of Yahweh He would taste death on behalf of all. 10 It was suitable to Him, through whom all things are and by whom all things are, bringing many sons to honor, to perfect the Originator of their salvation through sufferings.
Both this verse and the Psalm which Paul cites in reference to man indicate that both David and Paul believed that heavenly angels already existed when man was created, or else man could not have been made somewhat lower than the angels, as the Psalm and Paul's citation of it both infer. This also helps to prove that Genesis chapter 1 is not a full explanation of the entirety of God's creation, contrary to the claims of many denominational churches.
The reasons for the Passion of the Christ are several. One most important aspect is found in the relationship between Yahweh and Israel as a nation, where the Husband was compelled to die so that the wife would not suffer the ultimate penalty of the law, which she deserved for her sin. Here Paul conveys another aspect: that Christ could not justly judge mankind unless He experienced life as a man and unless He Himself experienced judgment from the perspective of man.
We have an adage, where we attest that we do not want to be judged by one who has not walked in our shoes. Therefore God having experienced the judgement and life of men, the same cannot be said to Him when He judges mankind.
Here it must also be noted, that where Paul used the word for many in Hebrews 2:10 where he mentioned the objective of "bringing many sons to honor", or where Christ attested in Matthew 20 that He came "to give his life a ransom for many", that does not exclude any. Setting one in contrast to many of a fixed number does not necessarily exclude any of that same number. Many wordsmiths would use such an argument craftily, to deny that all of Israel shall be saved, even in opposition to the Scriptures which tell us explicitly that none of Israel shall be lost.
The phrase ἐξ ἑνὸς πάντες, which here in verse 11 is translated "all sprung from one" may have been written "are all from of one household" or "are all from of one family", as Paul had written in Galatians chapter 6 of the family or household of the faith. It is the same preposition which the King James translators rendered as "sprang out" in the phrase "our Lord sprang out of Judah", speaking of the tribe of His nativity, which is found in Hebrews 7:14. Joseph Thayer, in his notes concerning the preposition ἐκ (Thayer's Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament, p. 190, ἐκ, II. 1.) explains that where it is used of people it denotes the "Origen, Source, [or] Cause... of generation, birth, race, lineage, [or] nativity" etc. As Paul had explained often in his epistles, and in Romans chapter 4 especially, the promise to Abraham was "sure to all the seed", whether they be Judaeans of the circumcision such as these Hebrews, or Israelites of the ancient dispersions who were nevertheless born of the faith of Abraham, which was the belief that God would do as He said and many nations would come of his seed. The Romans were also one of those nations prophesied by God to descended from Abraham's seed.
14 Therefore, since the children have taken part in flesh and blood, He also in like manner took part in the same [D has "in the same sufferings"], that through death He would annul him having the power of death, that is, the False Accuser, 15 and He would release them, as many as whom in fear of death, throughout all of their lives were subject as slaves.
The phrase "taken upon Himself" is translated from the Medium Voice form of the verb ἐπιλαμβάνω, or ἐπιλαμβάνομαι (Strong's # 1949). With the Medium Voice in Greek, generally the initiator of the action is the same as the recipient of the action, therefore he took the seed of Abraham for himself, or here, upon himself. Yet even without the added words, the meaning is clear, that Yahweh God chose to take upon Himself the seed of Abraham in order to accomplish the things which Paul describes here. So once again we see that Yahshua Christ is one with God.
17 from which He was obliged in all respects to become like the brethren, that He would be a compassionate and faithful high priest of the things pertaining to Yahweh to make a propitiation for the failures of the people. 18 In what He Himself has suffered being tested, He is able to help those being tested.
Yahweh promised that Abraham's seed would inherit the earth, and Yahweh came as Messiah as one of Abraham's descendants in order that He may rule as King over His Own people, fulfilling the promises to Abraham, fulfilling the law in relation to Israel, and correcting the circumstances where the people rejected Yahweh as King and demanded an earthly King. In that way, Yahweh would ultimately be their King in an earthly form, just as they had demanded. Being First Born in the Spirit, He is also the only legitimate claimant to the original Adamic priesthood, being a priest after the order of Melchizedek, as Paul will describe Him later in this epistle. Giving Himself on behalf of the people that they may live, he makes the ultimate sacrifice and brings to an end the Levitical priesthood, which Paul also explains later in this epistle. Furthermore, having been judged by men He asserts a righteous ability to judge men, and being God He therefore becomes the legitimate judge of all. As we said earlier, the reasons for the Passion of the Christ are several indeed, and every aspect of the history of our Adamic race is summed up in Him.


Due to their potentially life-saving nature the design and integration of medical-grade power supplies into medical equipment poses unique challenges. Responding to the burgeoning medical apparatus market, Astrodyne designers understand the particular medical compliance standards. Astrodyne offers a wide variety of medically-approved power solutions to fit any application spanning the power range of 5 watts to 450 watts. Whether you choose economical open frame power supplies, or high density encapsulated versions, all models are fully approved and carry safety certifications for UL/EN60601-1 safety standards. Models options include single, dual or triple outputs from 5VDC to 48VDC.


text:
Matthias Metten (* 3. listopadu 1987 Nordhorn) je německý hudebník. V roce 2005 založil spolu se Zachariasem Adrianem a Kristianem Sandbergem hudební skupinu ItaloBrothers. Jejich hudebním vydavatelstvím je Zooland Records. Debutové album STAMP! bylo vydáno v prosinci 2010 a obsahuje celkem 14 skladeb. Jejich nejúspěšnějšími skladby jsou "Stamp on the Ground", "My Life Is a Party", "This Is Nightlife", "Summer Air". Na levé paži má tetování obsahující zeměpisné souřadnice svého dětského domova.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Němečtí hudební producenti
Němečtí zpěváci
Narození v roce 1987
Narození 3. listopadu
Narození v Dolním Sasku
Žijící lidé
Muži

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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With "invisible" speakers the 933HD sounds crisp and clear at close quarters. If you want to take the sound quality a stage further, then the optical digital output gives you the opportunity to connect up to a home cinema system.
It may be small, but the SM933HD is big on connections. Twin HDMI sockets are matched up to a DVI-D socket, making this a great TV for your HD sources. With one of the HDMI sockets side-mounted, it's also perfect for connecting up HD games consoles. Added to these three digital inputs you'll also find SCART, component and a VGA PC input - everything could ask for from a TV of any size, let alone a 19 inch one.
As if the Samsung's performance and features weren't enough it also just happens to be one of the best looking TVs in its class. With its Sapphire Black "crystal" finish and smooth contours, the SM933HD will be a feature of any desk; or wall for that matter, as the latest Samsung 19 inch is now VESA wall mountable.
For a 19 inch HD LCD, the Samsung SM933HD makes a compelling case for itself. Prepare to be impressed!


Since the advent of the computer and then the Internet, technology has rapidly become essential to the business world. Companies that embrace technology in their operations are in a better position to serve customers better and otherwise stay ahead of their competition. In the medical field, Electronic Health Records (EHR) software has improved healthcare significantly, and can help streamline your own facility's operations.
Generally speaking, EHR software is designed to help physicians to offer better medical care. The software can also help to improve efficiency, feasibility, quality care and chronic disease management. Some of the most important functions of the software include identifying and maintaining patient records, managing test results, managing prescriptions and orders, assisting health care providers in making the best decisions, ensuring proper electronic communication, facilitating patient support among others.
Just like with any other computer software, companies that use EHR software are bound to enjoy numerous benefits. Both patients and providers are likely to enjoy the advantages of this software. Some of these benefits include the ability to provide complete, accurate and up-to-date patient information, secure and quick access to patient data, efficiency in diagnosis, and fewer medical errors, as well as improved interaction between the patient and the health care provider. As a result of these benefits, it is clear that using the software will encourage patient confidentiality, increase quality of care, ensure higher productivity and reduce costs by eliminating paperwork.
Before investing in EHR software, you should know the important features to look for. Here are a few things to focus on.
User-friendly interface – To save time and minimize the potential for mistakes, the interface should be easy to master.
Security compliant – Ensure that the software will protect sensitive information belonging to patients. The security features should ensure compliance with the applicable regulations.
No manual updates – In order to keep up with changing times, software has to be updated from time to time. Rather than going for software that needs to be updated manually, you should consider investing in one that updates automatically.
Integrated workflow – EHR software should streamline all your operations including scheduling for patients, medical record-keeping and patient billing.
If you are to benefit from EHR software, ensure that it will meet the unique needs of your practice. Working with experts in this field will also let you take advantage of the opportunities presented by this technology.


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text:
Q: Extracting Data Client Side I need to be able to extract and transform data from a data source on a client machine and ship it off via a web service call to be loaded into our data store. I would love to be able leverage SSIS but the Sql Server licensing agreement is preventing me from installing Integration Services on a client machine. Can I just provide the client copies of the Integration Services' assemblies to be referenced by my app? Does anyone have any ideas on how to best implement a solution to this problem apart from building a custom solution from the ground up? Ideally the solution would include leveraging an existing ETL tool?
Thanks for your suggestions.

A: If the server can reach out to the client machine, then you can just run the SSIS package on the server.  What kind of data are you moving?  If it's a flat file, you could FTP it to the server.
Another way to go about this is to use BCP.  I'm not a big fan of this approach (SSIS is much faster, more robust, etc), but it can work in a pinch.
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms162802.aspx

A: If you are providing your client with a service around their data, you should develop a standard that they need to deliver their data in, and negotiate a delivery method for that file well before you ever consider what to do with SSIS.  Since from comments it appears that your data is on a machine in a client's remote location, the most common method I have seen is either having the client SecureFTP a file into your network for processing, or to have a job on your end that gets the file using SecureFTP. Once you have the file on your network, writing the SSIS to process it is trivial.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
This sample Android app demonstrates
the use of `AsyncTask`.

This app is covered in
[the chapter on threads](https://commonsware.com/Android/previews/dealing-with-threads)
in [*The Busy Coder's Guide to Android Development*](https://commonsware.com/Android/).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


To all my WANDERLAND fellow gamers, Big Fish Games, WANDERLAND DEVELOPERS, and especially my friends I send gifts and who are so great with gifting in return; Y'ALL ARE TERRIFIC!
continue to work out the kinks the game will get even better as time passes. WANDERLAND is challenging with beautiful graphics, frustrating at times, lots of fun, even if waiting for the item or curse you need makes for the desire to throw your mouse at the wall. (lol) But all in all I can't bring myself to give up striving to solve all I can each session I play every day. I am at level 37 with 57 friends and hope to get more friends as time passes. Anyone who wants or needs friends feel free to request me any time no matter your level, My username is NANNY 138769, I will be happy to accept you. I am a good at gifting as long as you fill in your needs or wishes and I have the item you need.
Thanks to all! Enjoy WANDERLAND as much as I do! It is so addicting!
This game is the pits! You have a challenge you need to do in a certain length of time & the items that you need to complete it do not fall! There is no reason to make the game so difficult!!!!
On the Golden Idol & Magic Well, you should not have to upgrade if you don't want to at that particular time. For us newbies, it is very difficult to keep upgrading in order to get the coins & energy that you need!
It has great graphics and could be fun if it weren't so frustrating!
I LIKE THE GAME BUT VERY TIRED OF NO PROGRESS.
BOBBYDOLAK wrote: I LIKE THE GAME BUT VERY TIRED OF NO PROGRESS.
I have been playing for over a year, level 76 and still only have one portal complete! Now I am told by others, they have had a new portal quest in at least 6 months! Really? How long are we supposed to just keep doing the same things with no prospect of progress? The quests I have are ones that require defeating 2 gremlins for specific items, the other requires 2 collections to be activated, one of them requires 8 ice cubes- really hard to get those. Come on programmers, give us something here! It is getting very boring doing the same thing over and over and not getting anywhere! The cards are a waste of time, nothing worth earning The antlers don't drop even when you finally get night mode (after a second round of ABC was added to the mix) so forget sending the ship which in turn stops you from doing the treasure maps!
This was suppose to be a free game. It has cost me a great deal of money and I am angry with myself for playing it.
I did not care for this one at all. It was way too confusing for me-so sorry I bought it. I played for a half hours which was 28 minutes too much. Uninstalling as I don't even want to play it any longer.
My review would have to be 4.5 for graphics which really are beautiful.
1 for overall game play as this is NOT a free to play game as it claims to be. It is very much a pay to win game, only there is no winning yet since there hasn't been enough development to have a storyline that makes sense, or a non-frustrating way to progress with the game. As an individual who prefers to pay for a game once and not to be lied to with false advertising. So overall my review for Wanderland as a whole is 1.5 with room to get better. I am uninstalling it from my laptop for the time being until there has been more development and the players are actually heard.
I really like this game but it is getting crazy the farther along I get. So hard to get things, never ending tasks. I use all of my life at the well just trying to solve one thing and then I don't get the piece I need to complete my task.
You have to have lots of rubies to get anywhere and guess what they are very hard to come by. I think it is stupid to expect people to spend money on rubies/gold after they have purchased the game. Give us a break game people. I do not like the game at this point. I am at a level when I fight the bad guys, I don't get what I need you have to spend rubies to get it. Stupid......stupid game people.
Its weird. On the last tournament, the skeleton one, it shows me now as the winner with 34, however when the game ended it showed Keith as the winner with 34 also. I know if he made it after did he would be first. However, he wasn't anywhere near at 2am before the game ended at 3am. I couldn't stay awake any longer so gave it up and quit watching for more skeletons, none were appearing at that time.
Anyone else have something like that happen?
On my first tournament a week ago, I've only been playing for 2 weeks, I was about #10, with lots of others with many more turgs than I had, yet when it ended I was declared the winner with 9 turgs I think when earlier someone else had 30 or more. What gives.
Beautiful graphics, but way to much going on. I feel like I'm walking around in circles not accomplishing much. There are a lot of goals but where is it going? I've read the other reviews and they are saying in detail pretty much what I'm thinking.
I've lost my patience with this game so I am deleting it. Good luck!
Since the last update, the ship timer doesn't move. I have to log off and back on and then sometimes the timer starts but the ship is only offering the same two items. This has been this way since the last update. Is anyone else having this problem?
BillyeLH wrote: This game is the pits! You have a challenge you need to do in a certain length of time & the items that you need to complete it do not fall! There is no reason to make the game so difficult!!!!
Djewell wrote: I really like this game but it is getting crazy the farther along I get. So hard to get things, never ending tasks. I use all of my life at the well just trying to solve one thing and then I don't get the piece I need to complete my task.
Agree with this post, I am getting close to deleting this game for the third time! I keep coming back hoping it has changed - just a big cash cow for Big Fish!
Moderators will be removing any content in this thread that is not a review.
Thank you for understanding and for your time. If there are any questions about this post or the forums, feel free to PM me directly or to PM any of our active Moderators. We'll do our best to help out and are always happy to listen and provide feedback or receive it.


Driclor contains aluminium chloride hexahydrate, an antiperspirant that stops you sweating.
When you apply Driclor to the skin, its active ingredient (aluminium chloride) works by blocking the sweat glands. This causes a build up of pressure of fluid within the sweat glands to the point where they stop sweat production for some time. Driclor is usually applied before going to bed at night in order to block the sweat glands while they are least active and washed off in the morning. The sweat glands will then remain blocked and so will not produce sweat during the day.


For over 37 years, William C. Fox Heating and Air Conditioning, has been the leading HVAC repair and installation company in Burlington County and surrounding areas. They are very active with a number of charities that give back to their local communities. Their sense of professionalism and work ethic made Fox HVAC a perfect fit for us and we were happy to assist them with a website redesign.
William C. Fox Heating & Air Conditioning had approached us looking for solution to gain better visibility in their local markets. We had developed a strategy that would not only give them more visibility in Burlington County, but specific targeted cities within that county as well. We also redesigned the website from the ground up giving them a mobile-friendly website which they did not have previously, as well as created several new service pages to help in efforts of search engine optimization.


These Double Six Dominoes Sets feature black, red, or white tiles with spinners. Each Dominoes Set comes packaged in a sturdy walnut stained wooden box with two gold colored clasps that secure the lid. The Domino Tiles measure 2" X 1" X 1/2"
For additional information on any of our Dominoes Sets, please contact us at 1-800-233-0828.
You might also be interested in our other Dominoes Sets, including our popular Tournament Dominoes Sets in Black Velvet Boxes.


text:
Can a Strategic Roadmap help activate purpose and ignite strategy execution?
Agile Business Finance
Agile business transformation
Client Lifecycle Management
Commercial transformation
Consumer power
Consumer speed
Continuous innovation
Cost transparency
Cultural differences
Customer behavior
Customer power
Customer Products & Retail
EMEIA
EY wavespace
Ignition to cognition
Intgrated Work Systems
IT Function
Machine Economy
Market expansion
New business models
Oil-automation
Operational technology
Operational transformation
P&U
Post merger integration
Purpose-led transformation
Rapid change
Supply chain efficiency
Supply chain innovation
Supply chain reinvention
Transformative Age
Trust by Design
Value-driven care
Browse Explore
Michael P Botos
EY Partner/Principal, Strategy, Ernst & Young LLP
Too often, business strategies fail to consider the operational capabilities required to translate purpose and vision into reality. That's where EY's Strategic Roadmap can help.
Under pressure from multiple forces— including changing client demands, aggressive new competitors, disruptive new technologies and evolving regulations— business leaders understand the stakes have never been higher as they pursue organic and inorganic growth strategies to navigate a fast-changing global landscape.
Too often, leading organizations set strategies with no clear line-of-sight to the operational realities required to execute. The most promising, insightful and innovative business strategies frequently devolve into a series of isolated, disconnected initiatives that lack a common thread that stitches them together. In fact, EY teams have found many companies investing millions in strategic and operational initiatives with no connection to an overall enterprise purpose or strategy execution roadmap. In these organizations, employees are frantic and frustrated as their time and efforts are spread across multiple projects that do not appear aligned with a broader strategy focused on building capabilities to compete for the future.
And while many organizations have embraced purpose as a guiding principle or "North Star" to inform decisions and motivate employees, many are still struggling to connect their purpose with their day-to-day operational priorities. After all, knowing your why is hugely valuable for setting overall strategic direction, but it doesn't necessarily reveal the what and the how to align your people, processes and technologies to execute that strategy. Without guardrails that draw a route from short, medium and long-term initiatives required to achieve that overall purpose, the organization is likely to continue investing its scarce resources in sub-optimized, siloed activities that may contribute little to the bigger journey.
To better align their initiatives and prioritize their investments, companies need a structured framework that helps translate purpose into strategy and strategy into action.
That's where EY's Strategic Roadmap comes in.
A roadmap that charts a course to purpose-led strategy
EY's Strategic Roadmap is a future-back view that describes the necessary evolution of an organization's capabilities over time. It begins with a three to five year inspirational purpose, and works back to define the process, technology and organizational capabilities required to activate that purpose.
The business model canvas (BMC) can be an effective starting point to focus strategy and define potential innovations. BMC asks better questions to help organizations better articulate the future state. EY's Strategic Roadmap takes the BMC to the next level by describing the timeline of capability investments required to execute that strategy and realize those innovations over time. Additionally, the Strategic Roadmap helps "stretch" thinking to identify capability gaps and misalignment of investments that might impede successful strategy execution.
More specifically, the Strategic Roadmap represents a structured, systematic approach to align and prioritize investments across operational initiatives, partnerships and acquisitions. It isolates business model assumptions and identifies operating model dependencies that create implicit risk for strategy execution and financial results. In this way, EY's Strategic Roadmap helps to articulate the actionable, measurable steps to answer the question, "What is required to execute the strategy?"
Using the Strategic Roadmap, decision-makers can then assign resources and fund investments where they will have the biggest impact in building capability to advance the organization's strategy and purpose. What's more, leaders can begin to filter and rationalize their existing portfolio of initiatives and capital investments that are not directly aligned or not appropriately timed to achieve their strategy and purpose.
Ultimately, EY's Strategic Roadmap approach helps focus leadership attention on the highest-priority initiatives and actions —including time lines and accountability —to close the gap from purpose to strategy execution.
How EY's Strategic Roadmap works
Let's take a closer look at how EY's Strategic Roadmap approach works. The concept is straightforward, though the diagram may appear complex at first.
Step 1: Frame purpose as the future state
It starts with clear articulation of purpose. [See Fig. 1, upper right] While many organizations have spent time to define their mission, vision and values, few can fully describe an inspiring and actionable purpose statement. An organization's purpose articulates the unique benefits and value proposition it delivers to targeted customers and stakeholders. Going beyond strictly internal or financial results, purpose represents what an organization wants to be known for doing, and it aligns and focuses the organization on its most important priorities. Fundamentally, it is an aspirational and motivating statement of intent that is critical to aligning an organization and achieving a strategy.
Step 2: Summarize the current state
Working back from that future, the next step is to describe where the organization is today. [See Fig. 1, lower left]
How would the primary customers and stakeholders describe the organization today? What differentiated assets and capabilities create potential competitive advantages? And how big is the gap to achieving the purpose and executing the strategy?
Step 3: Articulate the vectors of investment
The Strategic Roadmap defines a clear, actionable path forward to close the gap between an organization's future purpose and its current capabilities. We ask, "What must be true for us to achieve our purpose?" and systematically deconstruct this macro question to assess five vectors or streams of investment and activity:
Customers and influencers: Who are the target customer segments and geographic markets? How will this evolve over time?
Offerings and value proposition: What is the value proposition and customer experience? What new innovations will we bring to market over time?
Processes and workflow: How will we redesign the business processes to deliver the value proposition and enable the desired customer experience?
Technology and data analytics: How will the technology systems, data and analytics capabilities support the value proposition?
People, organization and partnerships: What new organizational roles and partnerships will be required to deliver the value proposition?
Mapped within each of these five vectors are the specific initiatives designed to enable the necessary improvements that evolve the business from what it is today to what it aspires to be.
For example, are the process or technology investments aligned to deliver the desired value proposition to target customers when these products or services are expected to launch? If not, what changes are required in the timing and sequencing of these initiatives? Do gaps exist across these initiatives or capabilities required to deliver and how do we fill them? Should any existing initiatives or investments be deprioritized and/or rationalized because they don't directly contribute to achieving the purpose and executing the strategy?
These kinds of questions help reveal both the operational capabilities required to realize effective strategy execution and the gaps that create risk.
To mitigate those risks, it is advised that organizations take a holistic view of these business model components. There should be both a horizontal and vertical logic or connection between the initiatives: horizontally, the initiatives should describe growth of the organization's capabilities on each business model vector over time; equally important is the vertical logic that aligns the initiatives and manages optimal timing of strategic dependencies.
And looking holistically across these vectors reveals the waves of evolution of the business model that will advance the organization in its journey.
Taken together, these waves also describe how the organization will make money over time. By answering the questions "Who is our customer?" and "What is our value proposition?" we are effectively defining a revenue model. In addressing the "How?" related questions, we are describing the organization's operating model cost structure and capital investments. As a result, these waves of capability investment provide a foundation for estimating the potential financial impact of an organization achieving its purpose by successfully executing its strategy.
The resulting Strategic Roadmap and portfolio of initiatives are aligned to create mutually reinforcing investments in capability over time. The integration of an organization's answers to these questions —Who, What, and How —define its Strategic Roadmap to achieve its Why. The Strategic Roadmap helps an organization ask better questions to activate its purpose and execute its strategy while delivering on financial and non-financial commitments to stakeholders.
Driving transformation at both enterprise and single initiative levels
The Strategic Roadmap has proven effective in aligning strategy with execution in a wide range of client situations. For example, it has been used to help enterprise, business unit, functional and program-level strategies; to align initiatives across partners and acquisition integration; and to reduce risks within investments by identifying capability gaps and informing agile IT delivery programs.
Moving from the "big idea" to actionable strategy execution
While many organizations are embracing the value of purpose in distilling their core differentiators and aspirations, few have really cracked the code of deploying it through every level of their operation. Purpose and strategy are often too broad or unspecific to be executed effectively in key operating functions such as marketing, supply chain and IT. What's more, often the organization has little appetite to engage in further conversations about mission and purpose; it is urgently seeking tactical initiatives to solve a specific pain point. As a result, strategy execution splinters into a proliferation of functional initiatives that fragment the strategy and dramatically reduce the likelihood of success.
The chief advantage of EY's Strategic Roadmap is that it ignites strategy execution by shifting the conversation from the 'big idea' of purpose to an actionable, measurable go-forward plan. In articulating a sequential path of initiatives that are clearly defined and explicitly aligned to the overall journey, EY's Strategic Roadmap helps to frame the priority choices at every level and advance the organization towards fulfilling their larger purpose – equipping them to navigate the disruptive trends of today's Transformative Age.
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Featured content is initially displayed.
Zoom in by using the – and + buttons on the right side of the nebula to explore additional topics and articles that may be of interest.
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Digital enablers (digitalize processes right from the start)
Digital enablers digitize, improve the quality of and prepare unstructured data for integration with RPA. Generally, the digitalization of a process, such as customer self-service, can take much less time and cost than manual data entry.
Once an organization has digitalized its processes, and incorporated RPA, it will be in prime position for implementation of AI initiatives.
RPA (emulate procedural manual tasks via front-end interaction)
RPA can be likened to a virtual workforce automating highly repetitive tasks, based on defined rules. While RPA creates numerous opportunities for automation, it has key limitations when used in isolation. These limitations mean that, although extremely powerful, RPA can only be used on rule-based processes.
Examples of traditional RPA applications include:
Data entry across multiple systems
Applying rule-based data quality checks and transformations
Running reports for multiple countries and collating into a single summary
AI enablers (use AI techniques to derive structure from unstructured data)
AI refers to the development of computer systems able to perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence where judgement is applied beyond simple decision trees, such as visual perception, chat and messaging dialog, reading emails, speech recognition, decision making and translation between languages.
AI enablers include, Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), and Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and can be used to identify patterns and insights to drive decisions and new sources of value.
Human-in-the-loop and process management (passing work from robot to human and back again to optimize use of human skills and experience)
The real power of Intelligent Automation comes in combination not only with RPA and digitization in general, but also with the input of people. Neither human nor machine alone can outperform human and machine working together.
If RPA was the first wave of robotics to transform business, digital enablers, AI and human-in-the-loop processing will be the next. With AI still in its early stages, there are instances where human interaction is critical. RPA+ allows for employee digital portals which facilitate human-in-the-loop work hand-off from RPA to agents.
Examples of Human-in-the-loop include:
Chatbot conversational interfaces.
Robot hand over to agent for granting approvals, or highlighting exceptions.
Big AI (identify patterns and insights to drive decisions and new sources of value)
"Big AI" Gives computers the ability to learn and predict from very large data sets. Big AI may use advanced analytics and big data, decision engines, machine learning or deep learning algorithms for certain processes.
Examples include:
Machine learning to predict equipment failures.
Expert systems to diagnose health conditions.
Anomaly detection algorithms to identify cyber-attacks.
RPA+
RPA+ is the combination of RPA and add-on capabilities to significantly increase the scope of automation and improve productivity. Introducing these tools correctly can transform a large proportion of legacy processes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Bring together anyone who shares market research.
The last issue for Ennio Armato (Italy IFF International Branch Manager) and Alessandro Imborgia (Business Development Manager) – new to the Research Chapter – is crucial because the marketing sector is now strictly dependent on digital channels such as social media and web. Market research is no longer a restricted practice for specialized institutes. Even the social media manager and the SME may, like it or not, face the insights of a Facebook page to analyze the target or user behavior within the site, through Google Analytics. Search Engine Optimization (SEO) is constantly searching for keywords through tools that analyze and study user researches.
In 2018 Ennio and Alessandro will organize workshops, webinars, training sessions and a blogging editorial plan aimed at spreading Cube Survey and educating beginners to use market research. We believe that Research Chapter will be an excellent vantage and a place to analyse the business but also a dissemination valve to achieve our goals more effectively.


This is the first video for 2016!! Happy New Year everyone!! It has been a while! I have been busy with my guinea pigs... Molly and Maru. I recently adopted them from an animal shelter and Molly was ill. She was underweight and had a surgery. She is now ok and her weight is back to normal (from 450g to 880g now)... so here is a picture of them (Maru on the left and Molly on the right)!!
Mix together the cake flour, baking powder, baking soda and green tea powder. Sift and set aside.
Add the egg mixture and yoghurt into the flour mixture. Mix well.
Scoop the mixture evenly between the paper cases and top each muffin with some chocolate chips.


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Q: the difference between two images is larger than the images? I am in the process of creating a TCP remote desktop application
i want to send only the difference of the previously sent frame.
When I compare the original image and the second image   I put information of pixels that have changed in ArrayList
five Item in the ArrayList containing information one pixel
The first Item contains a Height point
The second Item contains a Width point
The third Item contains RGB.red
The fourth Item contains RGB.Green
The Fifth Item contains RGB.Blue
This is the code
    private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        ArrayList new_pixel = Unsafe_diff_array(pictureBox2.Image, pictureBox1.Image);

        Bitmap new_bit_map = (Bitmap)pictureBox3.Image;

        for (int i = 0; i < new_pixel.Count; i+=5)
        {
            int x = (int)new_pixel[i +1];
            int y=(int)new_pixel[i];
            int red= Convert.ToInt16(new_pixel[i + 4]) ;
            int green= Convert.ToInt16(new_pixel[i + 3]) ;
            int blue=Convert.ToInt16(new_pixel[i + 2]);
            new_bit_map.SetPixel(x, y, Color.FromArgb(red , green, blue));

        }
        pictureBox3.Image = new_bit_map;

    }

    public ArrayList Unsafe_diff_array(Image OrginalImage, Image SecondImage)
    {
        Bitmap BOrginalImage = new Bitmap(OrginalImage);
        Bitmap BSecondImage = new Bitmap(SecondImage);
        BitmapData bitmapData1 = BOrginalImage.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0,
                                                         OrginalImage.Width, OrginalImage.Height),
                                                         ImageLockMode.ReadOnly,
                                                         PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);
        BitmapData bitmapData2 = BSecondImage.LockBits(new Rectangle(0, 0,
                                                         SecondImage.Width, SecondImage.Height),
                                                         ImageLockMode.ReadOnly,
                                                         PixelFormat.Format32bppArgb);

        ArrayList siblings = new ArrayList();

        unsafe
        {
            byte* imagePointer1 = (byte*)bitmapData1.Scan0;
            byte* imagePointer2 = (byte*)bitmapData2.Scan0;

            for (int i = 0; i < bitmapData1.Height; i++)
            {

                for (int j = 0; j < bitmapData1.Width; j++)
                {
                    // write the logic implementation here

                    if ((imagePointer1[0] != imagePointer2[0]) || (imagePointer1[1] != imagePointer2[1]) || (imagePointer1[2] != imagePointer2[2]))
                    {
                        imagePointer2[0] = imagePointer1[0];
                        imagePointer2[1] = imagePointer1[1];
                        imagePointer2[2] = imagePointer1[2];

                        siblings.Add(i);
                        siblings.Add(j);
                        siblings.Add(imagePointer2[0]);
                        siblings.Add(imagePointer2[1]);
                        siblings.Add(imagePointer2[2]);

                    }

                    imagePointer2[3] = imagePointer1[3];
                    imagePointer1 += 4;
                    imagePointer2 += 4;

                }//end for j
                imagePointer1 += bitmapData1.Stride -
                                 (bitmapData1.Width * 4);
                imagePointer2 += bitmapData1.Stride -
                                                (bitmapData1.Width * 4);
            }//end for i
        }//end unsafe

        BOrginalImage.UnlockBits(bitmapData1);
        BSecondImage.UnlockBits(bitmapData2);

        return siblings ;
      //  return BSecondImage.GetThumbnailImage(SecondImage.Width, SecondImage.Height, null, new IntPtr()); ;
    }

the problem is  when i Serialize  ArrayList to  MemoryStream
I find that the size larger than the images
I have also tried to put information of pixels that changed in Short Array, but also found a size larger than the images !!!!!?
How do I make this process so that I can Thumbnail size to the smallest possible size ?
the code which i used to Serialize  ArrayList
private System.IO.MemoryStream SerializeBinary(object obj){
        System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter serializer = new System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary.BinaryFormatter();

        System.IO.MemoryStream memStrm = new System.IO.MemoryStream();

        serializer.Serialize(memStrm, obj);

        return memStrm;

    }

A: Of course it will be larger!
Bitmap has an in-memory structure consisting of header, pixel data and sometimes palette while binary formatter serialization result of an ArrayList has a totally different format consisting of assembly metadata, type metatdata, etc.
Also it is a pity all your performance gain of doing unsafe coding on pixels will be wasted on boxing happening of using ArrayList.

A: A typical 32-bit WxH image uses WxHx4 bytes of memory (that's 4MB for a 1024x1024 bitmap).
Assuming that you're sending the list of different pixels in [x][y][color] format with 16-bit [x] and [y] and a 32-bit [color] value, and there are D different pixels, the difference will use Dx8 bytes of memory. Thus, the difference will be larger than the image if more than half the pixels are different (D > WxH/2).
In your case, you're using an array, which means that [color] is actually represented as three [r][g][b] 16-bit values. The memory usage becomes Dx10 and the threshold can be found if 40% pixels have changed (D > WxH/2.5 ).
Consider using a bit to tell whether you're sending a list of differences or a full image, and send the smallest of the two. Also consider things like RLE encoding, using a single [offset] 16-bit value instead of [x] and [y], or just making any unchanged values transparent and saving the result in PNG format.
This, of course, is compounded by any additional serialization data is inserted by your runtime, and the fact that images can be compressed (PNG is lossless, for instance).


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