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Home > Vol 25, No 1 (2019) >	Kuentzel
Nazi-Germany's Anti-Zionist Propaganda and Its Impact on the War of 1947/48
This article demonstrates that the 1948 Arab war against the United Nation's decision in favor of the partition of Mandatory Palestine was not inevitable. Even though the Arab world rejected the Partition Plan, there was at the same time a general reluctance to go to war, not only among the Arabs in Palestine but also among the governments of major Arab League states such as Egypt. Why did this war - so costly for both sides - nevertheless take place? The article examines the influence of Nazi Germany's radio propaganda in the Arabic language that - from April 1939 to April 1945 - urged their listeners to prevent the birth of a Jewish state and exterminate the Jews living in Palestine. It shows how Nazi officials co-operated with the Muslim Brotherhood in secrecy before WW II and deals with the mobilisation of the Muslim Brotherhood after WW II that dragged Egypt and other Arab states into a full-scale war against the Jews of Mandatory Palestine. It states that there was not only a temporal proximity between the Arab war against Israel and the Nazi war against the Jews three years before, but also an ideological proximity so that the war of 1947/48 might appear as an aftershock of the war before.
Key words: Palestine, Israel, Egypt, Nazi-propaganda, Radio Zeesen, Muslim Brotherhood.
On 29 November 1947 over two-thirds of the United Nations membership voted in favour of General Assembly Resolution 181 proposing a partition of Palestine: 56% of the mandate territory was assigned to a Jewish state and 43% to an Arab state, with Jerusalem under international administration. [1] The Jews in Palestine danced for joy in the streets all night. The following day, eight Jews were murdered in three Palestinian Arab attacks. The Arab war to prevent the implementation of the UN resolution had begun.
The struggle lasted an entire year. The first phase of the war was conducted by irregular Arab guerrilla groups and units. The second phase began on 14 May 1948. During the afternoon of that day, David Ben Gurion announced the birth of the State of Israel. Around midnight the country was invaded from the north by Syrian and Lebanese units, from the east by Jordanian troops and from the south by the Egyptian army. [2] As the British Mandate had ended on the same day, there was no one to stop them. Some 6,000 Jews and an unknown number of Arabs lost their lives before the first ceasefire agreements were signed at the beginning of 1949. [3]
This war - by turning about 700.000 Arab Palestinians into refugees and by strangling the putative Arab state at birth - has shaped the Middle East conflict to the present. Even if there were other reasons for the flight of Arab Palestinians the decisive factor remains: This exodus was a result of the folly of the Arab States in organizing and launching a war of aggression against Israel.
While the Arab world was unanimous in its public rejection of the UN Partition Plan, the question of whether military force should be used to thwart a two-state solution was highly controversial. In 1947, most Arabs in Mandatory Palestine were opposed to war. In his ground breaking study of Palestinian collaborators, Hillel Cohen introduces many examples of stubborn resistance on the part of Palestinian Arabs to their leaders' calls to arms and of non-aggression pacts with nearby Jewish communities. There were even cases where Arabs actively supported Jewish fighters. [4]
There was a similar absence of war-like intentions within the Arab League. It was, for example, almost until the last minute unclear whether Egypt would participate in the war. "We shall never even contemplate entering in an official war," proclaimed General Haidar, Egypt's minister of defense, at the beginning of May 1948: "We are not mad. We shall allow our men and officers to volunteer for service in Palestine, and we shall give them the weapons, but no more." [5] In February 1948, this was also the position of Abd al-Rahman Azzam, the Secretary-General of the Arab League. He defined "the conflict in Palestine as a civil war into which they would send their regular troops only if foreign armies were to get involved and implement the partition by force." [6]
In light of the international support for partition, such caution was understandable. In February 1948, the UN Palestine Commission asserted that "it would be a dangerous and tragic precedent if a General Assembly resolution were to be thwarted by force." [7] At the same time, the United States designated any attempt to change the decision by force as an "act of aggression." [8] At the beginning of that year, no-one assumed that the Arabs would be so foolhardy as to challenge the combined authority of the United Nations, the United States and the Soviet Union who both favored the partition of Palestine. [9]
Foreign policy considerations were not the only reason for the Arab League's hesitating stance. In private, some Arab leaders were not as unhappy with the partition plan as their public statements suggested. As Transjordan's ruler King Abdullah stated: "The partition of Palestine was the only viable solution to the conflict." [10] Abd al-Rahman Azzam, expressed a similar view. According to a Jewish Agency report of August 1946, "there was only one solution, in his view, and that was partition… But as Secretary of the Arab League he could not appear before the Arabs as the initiator of such a proposal." [11] In conclusion, while the Arab world unanimously rejected partition in public, it was quite hesitant regarding embarking upon a regular war. Why then did this war - so costly for both sides - take place?
Here is one remarkable answer by Ali Mahir, the former Prime Minister of Egypt. "Arab opposition to Zionism", he stressed in 1946, "was the product of both Nazi propaganda in the Arab East and Britain's confusing politics." [12] Much has been written about Britain's perplexing politics. This essay will focus on the other aspect, Nazi Germany's propaganda in the Arab East.
2. The impact of Radio Zeesen
Until 1937, the Nazi government rejected Arab offers of cooperation: It was anxious not to jeopardize British appeasement of Berlin by activities in the Middle East, especially since the Mediterranean fell within the sphere of responsibility of Germany's Italian ally. In June 1937, however, Berlin revised this approach. The trigger was the proposal from the British Peel Commission for the division of the Palestine Mandate territory into a smaller Jewish and a larger Muslim-Arab state. The formation of a Jewish state "is not in Germany's interest," was the instant response of Foreign Minister Konstantin von Neurath. "Germany therefore has an interest in strengthening the Arab world as a counterweight against such a possible increase in power for world Jewry." [13] Strengthening the Arabs against the Jews - it is true that Berlin initially pursued this new course surreptitiously, lest it alienate London. Nevertheless, the scale of the operations now set in motion was impressive. Students from Arab countries received German scholarships, firms took on Arab apprentices, and Arab party leaders were invited to the Nuremberg party rallies and military chiefs to Wehrmacht maneuvers. [14]
The most effective vehicle of Nazi propaganda, however, was the Arabic language broadcasting out of Zeesen, a town with some four thousand inhabitants to the south of Berlin. Its influence has long been neglected by historians of the Middle East. This author has written about it since 2005 [15] , but in the meantime, Jeffrey Herf in his "Nazi Propaganda for the Arab World" and David Motadel in his "Islam and Nazi Germany's War" analysed extensively this "long-range gun in the ether" as Joseph Goebbels dubbed it. Based on new sources, both authors show how the Nazis used this propaganda tool to popularize the Jew-hatred found in early Islamic sources and radicalized it by combining it with the patterns of European antisemitism. [16]
Between April 1939 and April 1945, Radio Zeesen broadcast in standard Arabic every day, soon adding programs in Maghribi Arabic, and broadcasts intended for Turks, Iranians, and Indians. The Oriental Service of the radio station had absolute priority over all other foreign broadcast offices and employed around eighty staff members. [17]
At that time, listening to radio took place primarily in public squares or bazaars and coffee houses. Various testimonies from that period indicate that the German broadcast in Arabic language was more popular than the BBC's broadcasts in Arab language. For some reason:
Firstly, it emphasized religion: The programs were professionally produced, with regular recitations from the Koran and well performed Arabic music. Secondly, there were quite popular broadcasters, such as Hajj Amin el Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem, the prominent Iranian announcer Bahram Shahrokh, Taqi al-Din al-Hilali from Marocco and the prominent Iraqi journalist Yunus al-Bahri. [18] Thirdly, the German transmitter - overhauled for the Olympics in 1936 in Germany - was more powerful than those of its competitors, thus ensuring a better listening experience.
Fourthly, Muslims were addressed as Muslims, not as Arabs : With its pro-Arab shift, Berlin had discovered the antimodernist potential of Islam. German propaganda, however, propagated a politicized version of Islam. According to Motadel,
"Berlin made explicit use of religious rhetoric, terminology, and imagery and sought to engage with and reinterpret religious doctrine and concepts to manipulate Muslims for political and military purposes. Sacred texts such as the Qur'an and religious imperatives such as jihad were politicized to incite religious violence against alleged common enemies, most notably the British Empire, the United States, Bolshevism, and Judaism. … German propaganda combined Islam with anti-Jewish agitation to an extent that had not hitherto been known in the modern Muslim world." [19]
Jeffrey Herf highlights the centrality of the teachings of the Koran for Germany's Arabic propaganda as well: "It was its reading of this work and this tradition - not citations of Mein Kampf, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, or speeches by Hitler or Goebbels - that served as the most important entry point to Arab and Muslim listeners." [20]
The reception and the effectiveness of Germany's broadcast propaganda is difficult to assess. There are indications, though, that it had a certain influence.
"Even if we do broadcast in Persian", wrote Reader Bullard, the British Ambassador in Tehran, in 1940, "we cannot hope to rival the Germans in interest, as their more violent, abusive style, with exaggerated claims … appeals to the Persian public." [21]
Not only to the Persians. In 1939, a British informant reported that he had passed a café in Jaffa. It was possible to listen to the German radio even outside, he wrote. Moreover, in his words, "all around the café stood Arabs - even on the nearby balconies - listening to the broadcast." [22] Also instructive is another British report about the effect of Radio Zeesen on the Arabs in Palestine, written in October 1939:
"In general it may be said that the middle, lower middle and lower classes listen to the Arabic broadcasts from Berlin with a good deal of enjoyment. They like the racy, ,juicy' stuff which is put over; they are amused at the slanderous and libelous attacks on British personalities. … What the average Palestine Arab does imbibe, however, is the anti-Jew material. This he wants to hear and to believe; and he does both. To that extent German propaganda is definitely effective." [23]
In spring 1944, a "Weekly Review of Foreign Broadcasts," done for the U.S. Military Intelligence Division concluded: "the anti-Jewish theme has in the past constituted a good half of the German propaganda directed towards the Near East. … In recent weeks the Arabic voice in Berlin has surpassed all its previous records in inciting violence in Palestine." [24]
The bulk of the radio's verbal material was indeed devoted to whipping up antisemitic hatred. "The defense of your life is a duty which can only be fulfilled by annihilating the Jews" was the message on July 7, 1942. "Kill the Jews, burn their property, destroy their stores … Your sole hope of salvation lies in annihilating the Jews before thy annihilate you." [25]
At the same time, the anger of Radio Zeesen turned on fellow Arabs who entertained the possibility of coexistence with Jews in Palestine: "Noble Arabs! You should maintain your policy of boycotting the Jews. You should punish those who ignore the boycott. All Arabs who collaborate with the Jews should be destroyed before they help the Jews destroy us." [26]
However, according to Herf, "the fusion of antisemitism with anti-Zionism was the key ideological weapon of the Nazi regime in its efforts to win support from Arabs and Muslims in North Africa and the Middle East." [27] From April 1939 to April 1945, Radio Zeesen constantly urged their listeners to prevent the birth of a Jewish state and exterminate the Jews living in Palestine. It broadcast, for example, that the Jews would not be satisfied until they had made "every territory between the Tigris and the Nile Jewish." If they succeeded, "there will remain not a single Arab Moslem or Christian in the Arab world. Arabs! Imagine Egypt, Iraq and all the Arab countries becoming Jewish with no Christianity or Islam there." [28] The more impending the defeat of Germany, the shriller the warnings of Radio Zeesen about the consequences for Palestine should "World Jewry" take advantage of its opportunity.
Radio Zeesen stopped broadcasting in April 1945. However, the echoes of this propaganda, which fell on receptive ears due to anti-Jewish elements of the Qur'an and other Islamic sources, continued to reverberate. While the view of the British Foreign Office, which in 1946 "spoke of Arab hatred of the Jews being greater than that of the Nazis", may be exaggerated, [29] it is obvious that wartime Nazi propaganda contributed to increased hostility after the war.
3. The role of the Muslim Brotherhood
That became clear on November 2, 1945, the anniversary of the Balfour declaration. At that day, the worst anti-Jewish pogroms in Egypt's history were perpetrated in Cairo: Demonstrators "broke into the Jewish quarter, plundered houses and shops, attacked non-Muslims, and devastated the adjacent Ashkenazi synagogue before finally setting it on fire." [30]
This Arab mob was organized by the Muslim Brotherhood, which has been founded in 1928. The Muslim Brothers - being a religious sect - weren't ardent followers of the Nazis. They supported, however, the German war effort against Britain and adopted the Nazi's antisemitism. Documents of the British National Archives prove that the Nazis did not only finance the Brotherhood with high sums before WW II. In secrecy, Nazi officials in Egypt also organized "Palestine meetings" and anti-Jewish lectures for the Muslim Brothers and even helped the Muslim Brotherhood in producing explosives for their war against the Jishuw in Palestine. [31]
After 1945, the Brotherhood turned out to be the most important political force in Egypt with 1.500 branches and at least 500.000 members. By 1948, these figures had doubled or even tripled. [32]
They tirelessly defended the war crimes, perpetrated by Amin el-Husseini, the Mufti of Jerusalem. "Should one hair of the Mufti's been touched, every Jew in the world would be killed without mercy"- threatened their newspaper in 1946 - some months after the Holocaust. [33]
Utilizing the arguments of the Nazis, the Muslim Brotherhood started to radicalize the Arab street in their struggle against the Jewish state. They adopted the antisemitic course of Amin el-Husseini in every respect: "This hero fought Zionism with the help of Hitler and Germany", they proclaimed in 1946. "Germany and Hitler are gone, but Amin Al-Husseini will continue the struggle." [34]
Historians of the Middle East agree that it was to a large extent the pressure from the 'Arab street' that had previously driven a reluctant Arab League into a full-scale war against Israel in 1948. [35] Egypt's Premier Nuqrashi, for example, was against the military assault that took place in 1948. However, he said he was swayed by public opinion that "was all in favour of the war, and considered anyone who refused to fight as a traitor." [36]
When the Arab League met in Cairo in December 1947, the Brotherhood brought, for example, 100,000 demonstrators into the streets. According to a contemporary account, on the terrace of the Savoy Hotel where the meeting of the League took place, "the Prime Ministers of the Arab states stood with worthy and grave expressions acknowledging, fez in hand, the salutes of the passing parade of believers." [37] The Arab League's responded to this demonstration by, for the first time, agreeing to the training of volunteers for jihad in Palestine. Thus - it was under the impact of the Brotherhood's mass mobilization that a reluctant Egypt government began its active participation in the fighting in Palestine.
In addition, while the Yishuv had to defend itself against guerrilla attacks, using all necessary means to do so, the Muslim Brotherhood spread rumours of horrific Zionist atrocities against Arabs in Palestine. Thus, they "created an atmosphere in which war seemed the only logical and natural process," writes Thomas Mayer. "The [Brotherhood] Society succeeded in drawing Egypt into a full-scale military initiative in Palestine." [38] The American embassy in Damascus confirmed this assessment. Without referring to the Brotherhood by name, they identified "the combined momentum of their own rhetoric and pressure from below" as the cause of the Egyptian invasion of Israel. The "Government appears to have led public opinion to the brink of war and [is] now unable to retreat." [39]
Only in December 1948, after this war was lost, did the Egypt government dissolve the branches of the Muslim Brotherhood and ban the organization. Why weren't the Arab rulers unable to dissolve the militant and antisemitic demonstrations of the "Arab street" in the years before?
Probably, those rulers were obsessed by an antisemitic kind of anti-Zionism, as well. Thus, two years after the liberation of Auschwitz, Ibn Saud described the Jews as an "aggressive people" whose ambitions "extend to all the Arab states where holy places are to be found." [40] Lebanese Foreign Minister, Hamid Frangieh, regarded "the expansionist efforts of Zionism a serious threat to peace." [41] Iraqi Crown Prince Abd al-llah considered Zionism "the greatest tragedy of the twentieth century," [42] while an Egyptian member of parliament viewed it as "a cancer in the Arab body." [43] It is no wonder, therefore, that an assembly of Arab kings and princes convened by Egypt's King Farouk in May 1946 struck the same note. Their resolution states as follows: "We have decided that Zionism poses a danger not only to Palestine but also to all other Arab countries and to all nations of Islam. Therefore it is the duty of all Arab countries and Islamic countries to resist the danger of Zionism." [44] The paranoid delusion that a few thousand Zionists in Britain and the U.S. Together with the Yishuv in Palestine constituted a dangerous global power that threatened the whole Islamic world had nothing to do with reality but much to do with the cumulative impact of the years of relentless Nazi propaganda since broadcasts from Berlin had permanently claimed that Zionism was inherently expansionist.
In 1948, there were, of course, also other motives to prevent Israel - the Egypt's rulers desire to counter Abdullah's ambitions for example or the feeling that Palestine had become a test of the Arabs' independence vis-à-vis the imperial powers. However the after-effect of Nazi propaganda played a crucial role, as well. Nazi Germany's efforts to incite Arabs against the Jews changed the perception of the Jew within Islamic societies. It strengthened an exclusively anti-Jewish reading of the Islamic scriptures, it popularized European conspiracy theories on a mass scale and it agitated in an anti-Semitic manner against the Zionist project.
Obviously, there was not only a temporal proximity between the Arab war against Israel and the Nazi war against the Jews three years before, but also an ideological proximity. In this respect, the war of 1947/48 might appear as an aftershock of the Nazi war before.
In today's Middle East a rhetoric that was influenced by Nazi sources still prevails. To this day, Palestinian leaders continue to refuse to recognize the Jewish state by using those 80 year old pretensions. The more that connection is understood, the easier might it become to free the lives of Palestinians and Arabs from the idiocy of antisemitism.
[1] Resolution 181 (II) Future government of Palestine, A/RES/ 181 (II), 29 November 1947, accessed October 3, 2017, https://unispal.un.org/DPA/DPR/unispal.nsf/5ba47a5c6cef541b802563e000493b8c/7f0af2bd897689b785256c330061d253?OpenDocument .
[2] Keesing's Archiv der Gegenwart (Königswinter: Siegler-Verlag für Zeitarchive, 1949), entry of May 14,1948, 1498.
[3] For the stages of this war, see: Benny Morris, 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008) and David Tal, War in Palestine 1948: Strategy and Diplomacy (London: Routledge, 2004).
[4] Hillel Cohen, Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917-1948 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2008), 231-258.
[5] Jon and David Kimche, Both Sides of the Hill: Britain and the Palestine War (London: Secker & Warburg, 1960), 153.
[6] Chronology of International Events and Documents, as cited by Archiv der Gegenwart, entry of February 16, 1948, 1385.
[7] UNO-Bulletin, as cited by Archiv der Gegenwart, entry of February 16, 1948, 1385.
[8] According to a draft resolution put by the USA to the Security Council on February 25, 1948, as cited by Archiv der Gegenwart, entry of March 5, 1948, 1408.
[9] Kimche, Both Sides, 64.
[10] Kirkbride (Amman) to London, 30 July 1947, FO 371/61876, E7242 as cited by Thomas Mayer, "Arab Unity of Action and the Palestine Question 1945-48," Middle Eastern Studies 22, (1986): 344.
[11] "He [Azzam] would be prepared to support partition on [one of] two conditions: if one of the Arab states took into its hands the initiative and found the strength and courage to propose the thing in the League Council, or if the British requested him to work along these lines." See: E. Sasson Report, Cairo, 9 August 1946 as cited by Neil Caplan, Futile Diplomacy, Vol. II: Arab-Zionist Negotiations and the End of the Mandate (London: Frank Cass, 1986), 264-265.
[12] E. Sasson's report on "Attempts for Agreement with Arabs" (Jerusalem), 5 March 1946, in E. Sasson's Private Papers (T.A.) as referred to by Thomas Mayer, "Egypt's 1948 Invasion of Palestine," Middle Eastern Studies, 22, (1986), 24.
[13] Heinz Tillmann, Deutschlands Araberpolitik im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Berlin-Ost: VEB Deutscher Verlag der Wissenschaften, 1965), 66.
[14] Robert Melka, "The Axis and the Arab Middle East, 1930-1945" (PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 1966), 53.
[15] Matthias Küntzel, "National Socialism and Antisemitism in the Arab World," Jewish Political Studies Review, 17 (2005) 99-118, accessed October 3, 2017, http://www.matthiaskuentzel.de/contents/national-socialism-and-anti-semitism-in-the-arab-world .
[16] Jeffrey Herf, Nazi Propaganda in the Arab World (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009); David Motadel, Islam and Nazi Germany's War (Cambridge, MA: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2014).
[17] Werner Schwipps, "Wortschlacht im Äther," in Wortschlacht im Äther, Der deutsche Auslandsrundfunk im Zweiten Weltkrieg , ed. Deutsche Welle (Berlin: Haude & Spenersche Verlagsbuchhandlung,1971), 58.
[18] According to Motadel, Islam and Nazi, 93, "Berlin could never have been able to find a better-suited man to be its propaganda instrument through the Radio", a British intelligence report remarked about al-Bahri. "With his sharp voice, aggressive speeches, and marked ability to raise his voice, his broadcasts quickly became the earmark of Germany's Arabic service."
[19] Motadel, Islam and Nazi, 76 and 97.
[20] Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 197.
[21] Reader Bullard, Letters from Tehran: A British Ambassador in World War II Persia (London and New York: I.B.Tauris, 1991), 28.
[22] Central Zionist Archives, Jerusalem, Report by Kapeliuk, 18. October 1939 as cited by René Wildangel, Zwischen Achse und Mandatsmacht. Palästina und der Nationalsozialismus , (Berlin: Klaus Schwarz Verlag, 2007), 359.
[23] British National Archive, London, WO 208/1701, Palestine Historical. Monthly appreciations German Nazi activities in Palestine. Oct '38 - Oct '39.
[24] Weekly Review of Foreign Broadcasts, F.C.C., No. 118, 3/4/44 "Near and Middle East", as cited by Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 219.
[25] Voice of Free Arabism, July 7, 1942, 8:15 pm, "Kill the Jews before They Kill You", Kirk to Secretary of State, No. 502, (July 21, 1942), as cited by Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 126.
[26] Arab Nation, April 30, 1943, 9:00 p.m., "Has the Jewish Danger Passed?", Kirk to Secretary of State, No. 1047, Cairo (May 15, 1943), as cited by Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 171.
[28] Berlin in Arabic, September 8, 1943, "Talk: The Ambitions of the Jews," Kirk to Secretary of State, No. 1313, Cairo, September 23, 1943, as cited by Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 57.
[29] Benny Morris, 1948, 34.
[30] Gudrun Krämer, Minderheit, Millet, Nation? Die Juden in Ägypten 1914-1952 (Wiesbaden: Verlag Otto Harrassowitz, 1982), 320.
[31] British National Archive, London, FA 371/23343 Defense Security Office, Egypt, 10.9.1939 - Note on German Suspects - Egypt, 13, 24, 26.
[32] Abd Al-Fattah Muhammad El-Awaisi, The Muslim Brothers and the Palestine Question 1928-1947 (London: Tauris, 1998), 135.
[33] "One hair of the Mufti's is worth the Jews of the Whole World," Al Ikhwan Al Muslimun, 20 June 1946, Tuck to Secretary of State, No. 1648 (June 24, 1945) as cited by Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 242-3. See about the Mufti's war crimes Joseph B. Schechtman, The Mufti and the Fuehrer: The Rise and Fall of Haj Amin el-Husseini (London and New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1965), 152-163 and Klaus Gensicke,Der Mufti von Jerusalem und die Nationalsozialisten. Eine politische Biographie Amin el-Husseinis (Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 2007), 103-134.
[34] As cited by Herf, Nazi-Propaganda, 244.
[35] Matthias Küntzel, "The Aftershock of the Nazi War against the Jews, 1947-1948: Could War in the Middle East Have Been Prevented?", Jewish Political Studies Review 26 (2016) 38-53, accessed October 3, 2017, http://www.matthiaskuentzel.de/contents/the-aftershock-of-the-nazi-war-against-the-jews-19471948 .
[36] Fawaz A. Gerges, "Egypt and the 1948 war." In: The War for Palestine. Rewriting the History of 1948, edited by Eugene L. Rogan and Avi Shlaim, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) 2001, 154.
[37] "Mit deutschem Gruß für Palästina," Spiegel , 51 (1947), 11.
[38] Thomas Mayer, "The Military Force of Islam. The Society of the Muslim Brethren and the Palestine Question: 1945-48." In Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel, edited by Elie Kedourie and Sylvia G. Haim, London (Frank Cass) 1982, 110-11.
[39] Robert Memminger, Damascus to Secretary of State, 9 May 1948, USNA, 800 Syria/9-548 as cited by Morris, 1948, 181.
[40] United Press, "Telegramm von König Ibn Saud und Präsident Truman", as cited by Archiv der Gegenwart, entry of October 18, 1946, 901.
[41] "UN-Bulletin, Declaration by Hamid Frangieh on behalf of the Arab League," as cited by Archiv der Gegenwart, entry of July 22, 1947, 1151.
[42] FO 371/45237/E 2090, Oriental Department to Dickson, 26 March 1945, as cited by Meir Litvak and Esther Webman, From Empathy to Denial: Arab Responses to the Holocaust (London: Hurst & Co, 2009), 39.
[43] Al-Ahram , 6 and 7 March 1946, as cited by Meir and Webman, From Empathy to Denial, 41.
[44] Third Section of the Resolutions of the Anshas Summit of 28 and 29 May 1946, as cited by Zvi Elpeleg, Through the Eyes of the Mufti. The Essays of Haj Amin (London: Valentine Mitchell, 2009), 194.


Red Tape Mayor Ken Melamed and library chair, Alix Nicoll, officially opened the new library on Saturday. Photo by Ian Robertson, coastphoto.com.
Whistler has seen its share of ribbon cuttings in recent years, but few events have attracted as much attention as the opening of the Whistler Public Library this past Saturday, Jan. 26.
The ceremony started outside, with a crowd of more than 300 people waiting to get their first glimpse of the inside of the building. Mayor Ken Melamed and library board chair Alix Nicoll did the honours cutting the ribbon, then invited the public inside for speeches, refreshments, music, a performance by the Short Skirt Theatre, readings by locals authors, and a tour of the facility. A steady stream of people took out new library cards at the front desk, while community members took out thousands of books, CDs, and DVDs using the new scanner and radio tags system.
It's been almost 22 years since Joan Richoz started the first public library in the basement of municipal hall, before the facility moved into a pair of trailers off of Main Street. Although trailers were supposed to be temporary until the library could build a permanent facility, that proved more challenging than expected. At last, in 2004 the sitting council approved a new library building on the lot beside the existing library, for a $7 million price tag. With construction costs soaring across B.C. due to the stiff competition for workers and materials, however, the final cost will be over $11 million.
Part of the blame has been assumed by members of the previous council that approved the library under a construction management model that allowed local companies to bid on aspects of the construction, rather than the fixed price model recommended by municipal staff. With the construction boom, the bids attracted less interest and competition than council expected.
In his speech to open the library, Melamed acknowledged that it was a challenging project but praised the final outcome.
The mayor also took the opportunity to defend the project and project managers from past criticisms, noting that it takes thick skin and perseverance to get a project this big and complicated off the ground.


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Republican Senate candidates call for new leadership in Washington
Maryland has not had GOP senator in 30 years
George Lettis
After Gov. Larry Hogan's win in the last gubernatorial election, Republicans have hope that success will translate to victory in the race for the U.S. Senate in Maryland. Some of the candidates running for Sen. Barbara Mikulski's soon-to-be vacant seat met for a debate Thursday at Goucher College to share their views on key issues.
After Gov. Larry Hogan's win in the last gubernatorial election, Republicans have hope that success will translate to victory in the race for the U.S. Senate in Maryland.Download the WBAL app.Some of the candidates running for Sen. Barbara Mikulski's soon-to-be-vacant seat met for a debate Thursday at Goucher College. Six candidates were invited to the event and four of them were on stage. For the candidates, the debate represented an introduction and a chance to tell voters who they are and what they stand for.On gun violence, Chrys Kefalas, one-time counsel to former Gov. Robert L. Ehrlich Jr., said it starts with law and order."By first increasing the homicide clearance rate in Baltimore City, we're going to go after those violent criminals by having judicial processes in place away from criminals who do harm in our inner cities," Kefalas said.Staying on guns, each candidate promised, if elected, to fight to protect Second Amendment rights."We just had an incident in San Bernardino and if any of those people had been able to be armed and weren't in a gun-free zone, the only people that would have been worried were the two terrorists who were killing 14 Americans that day," candidate Dave Wallace said.On immigration reform, small businessman Joseph Hooe does not want mass deportation. Instead, Hooe wants to force them to work."What I would like to see is an immigrant pay-to-work program whereby we require all 11 million illegal immigrant workers to purchase an annual temporary right to work for a $1,000 per year," Hooe said.Maryland has not had a Republican senator since Charles Mathias retired in 1987. Inspired by Hogan's victory and statewide popularity, these candidates say it is time for new leadership."Maryland has no senators," candidate Richard Douglas said. "Our senators work for Nevada, they work for (Senate Minority Leader) Harry Reid. Our members of Congress work for Nancy Pelosi. They're not working for us. There's no voice, there's a deafening silence. We need to change that."Officially there are 14 Republicans in the race, but those invited to the debate have filed federal paperwork and are actively fundraising.The primary election is set for April 26.
After Gov. Larry Hogan's win in the last gubernatorial election, Republicans have hope that success will translate to victory in the race for the U.S. Senate in Maryland.
Download the WBAL app.
Maryland Democratic Senate race too close to call, poll finds
Kefalas seeking Republican nomination in U.S. Senate race
Delegate Kathy Szeliga announces run for U.S. Senate
Former Bush appointee running for Senate in Maryland
Some of the candidates running for Sen. Barbara Mikulski's soon-to-be-vacant seat met for a debate Thursday at Goucher College. Six candidates were invited to the event and four of them were on stage. For the candidates, the debate represented an introduction and a chance to tell voters who they are and what they stand for.
On gun violence, Chrys Kefalas, one-time counsel to former Gov. Robert L. Ehrlich Jr., said it starts with law and order.
"By first increasing the homicide clearance rate in Baltimore City, we're going to go after those violent criminals by having judicial processes in place away from criminals who do harm in our inner cities," Kefalas said.
Staying on guns, each candidate promised, if elected, to fight to protect Second Amendment rights.
"We just had an incident in San Bernardino and if any of those people had been able to be armed and weren't in a gun-free zone, the only people that would have been worried were the two terrorists who were killing 14 Americans that day," candidate Dave Wallace said.
On immigration reform, small businessman Joseph Hooe does not want mass deportation. Instead, Hooe wants to force them to work.
"What I would like to see is an immigrant pay-to-work program whereby we require all 11 million illegal immigrant workers to purchase an annual temporary right to work for a $1,000 per year," Hooe said.
Maryland has not had a Republican senator since Charles Mathias retired in 1987. Inspired by Hogan's victory and statewide popularity, these candidates say it is time for new leadership.
"Maryland has no senators," candidate Richard Douglas said. "Our senators work for Nevada, they work for (Senate Minority Leader) Harry Reid. Our members of Congress work for Nancy Pelosi. They're not working for us. There's no voice, there's a deafening silence. We need to change that."
Officially there are 14 Republicans in the race, but those invited to the debate have filed federal paperwork and are actively fundraising.
The primary election is set for April 26.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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"Highly Experimental And Unproven": Scientist Tells Judge Transgender Treatments For Minors Fraught With Risk
Authored by Janice Hisle via The Epoch Times (emphasis ours),
When a researcher begins with a conclusion, then looks for data to support that, "it's a danger to all of science," Dr. Paul Hruz, a St. Louis physician-scientist told a federal judge.
The Arkansas state flag and U.S. flag fly in front of the State Capitol in Little Rock on Dec. 1, 2022. (Janice Hisle/The Epoch Times)
Yet Hruz said he has seen this disturbing pattern recur in recent years, as he examined studies purporting to prove the benefits of hormones and surgeries as treatments for gender-conflicted youths.
"It is erroneous to say that we identified an effective solution that maximizes benefits and minimizes risk," Hruz testified Dec. 1 in U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Arkansas.
Assailing the poor quality of research about gender-transition medical treatments for minors, and raising concerns about the risk of harm, Hruz said: "There are major, major questions that remain."
Hruz, a pediatric endocrinologist and researcher, also called the procedures "highly experimental" and "unproven."
He was the final witness to testify during a trial that is testing the nation's first law banning hormones and surgeries for "gender-transition" of minors.
Judge Faces Big Decision
The American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) filed a lawsuit seeking to throw out the 2021 Arkansas law, alleging it is unconstitutional.
The ACLU of Arkansas has denounced the law as part of a "hateful attack" on LGBT youths seeking "medically necessary care."
But the Arkansas Attorney General's Office is defending the Save Adolescents From Experimentation (SAFE) Act, asserting that the state has a compelling interest to protect vulnerable children from medical interventions that can cause permanent harm, including ongoing health problems and sterility.
No dates have been set for attorneys to file final written briefs—the final pieces of the puzzle for Judge James Moody Jr. to consider before he issues a ruling. His decision could influence the way other states and courts respond to controversies surrounding similar legislation.
Moody will be considering two weeks' worth of testimony that began with witnesses the ACLU called in mid-October. After a month-long recess, the trial resumed on Nov. 28 with witnesses testifying on behalf of the SAFE Act.
Treatments 'Disrupt' Healthy Process
During the last day of testimony on Dec. 1, Dylan Jacobs, deputy solicitor general for the Arkansas Attorney General's Office, systematically questioned Hruz to share his extensive knowledge about treatment of "gender dysphoria," or gender-related distress, among adolescents.
Based on his 25 years as a pediatric endocrinologist, along with 10 years of intensely researching gender dysphoria, Hruz said he would never prescribe puberty-blockers or cross-sex hormones without solid scientific studies showing that they do more good than harm.
Endocrinologists are dedicated to "restoring the body to its natural state of health" by correcting hormonal imbalances or deficiencies, he said.
Thus, Hruz objects to using hormones for gender dysphoria, and disrupting a normally functioning, healthy endocrine system.
6,000 Sex-Based Differences
Jacobs pointed out that ACLU witnesses described puberty blockers as a harmless "pause button." Not so, Hruz said.
Puberty blockers prevent sex-specific changes, including easily observed ones such as breast development in girls and testicle development in boys. But inside the body, many other changes are also occurring during adolescence; the impact of interfering with those changes remains largely unknown, which is troubling, Hruz said.
"It is impossible to turn back time. So, once you've blocked puberty… you cannot buy back the time when that physical process has been disrupted," Hruz said.
He also said credible studies show that, if left alone, many transgender-identifying youths will likely revert to their biological sex. But if put on puberty blockers, 98 percent of the youths will go on to take cross-sex hormones.
Flooding a person's body with hormones of the opposite sex can cause myriad unknown effects, he said, noting that there are more than 6,000 sex-specific genetic differences between males and females.
In addition, it's unclear how the combined effects of puberty blockers and cross-sex hormones could affect young people in the long run, Hruz said.
Rapid-Fire Answers
In instance after instance, Hruz enumerated specific problems with studies that claim hormones or surgeries benefited youths with gender dysphoria.
"Despite the claims that are made about the efficacy of the affirmative approach, the evidence is insufficient to make that conclusion," Hruz said.
With near-encyclopedic detail, Hruz fired off answers so quickly that the court stenographer struggled to keep pace. Moody repeatedly asked him to speak more slowly.
At one point, the judge became so frustrated, he threatened to stop the witness from further testimony unless Jacobs found a way to get Hruz to slow down his statements.
Hruz moderated his pace but continued speaking authoritatively as he testified for more than three hours under Jacobs' questioning.
Generally, when considering medical treatment options, "The higher the risk, the lower the quality of evidence, the more caution that is used," Hruz said.
Yet, with gender-affirming care, that principle seems not to apply, he said.
He couldn't remember seeing any other medical treatments so strongly recommended despite such poor-quality evidence.
Another "unique" feature of this debate: The existence of gender dysphoria hinges on the patient's self-reported identity and desires, Hruz said. There is no way to "test the accuracy of that condition," he said.
Sat, 12/03/2022 – 18:30
Macron talks security guarantees for Russia
Snowden Receives Russian Passport After Taking Citizenship Pledge


The recorded history of Springbrook, NY really begins after the year 1842. By 1849 approximately 50 families lived here and about 10-15 of those were Catholic. Thomas Flanagan gave to the Catholic Community land for a Cemetery. It was used as a burial ground while still planted with corn. As there was no church in town, Mass was said once a month in the Flannigan home. The mission priest ministering to Springbrook Catholics at this time was Fr. Thomas McAvoy of Java, NY. The property of our present parish, originally called St John's was deeded from Thomas Flannigan to John Timon (first Bishop of the Buffalo Diocese). The first deed was dated February 23rd, 1850 and it is from this date that we start the history of St. Vincent de Paul Parish.
1853 Fr. J. Doran broke ground for the first church. The 20' x 30' structure was extremely primitive; four posts and a frame enclosed with planks, large loose boards for a floor, a rough board altar, and no seats.
1857 Fr. James M. built the first rectory. At this time a school was opened in the church to teach religion.
1865 Rt. Rev Bishop Timon administered the first Sacrament of Confirmation.
1874 The original church was moved to the east end of the property to be later used as a barn for the parsonage. A second church was built on site. However, after the frame was raised, high winds leveled it to the ground. It was raised again. This was the main portion of the 'old church ' as we knew it.
1892 First Printed Financial Report - Total receipts from Springbrook, East Aurora, and Marilla were $974.28 (for eight months).
1900 The original church, then being used as a barn, was sold at auction for $20.00 and moved to Blossom Rd. south of the railroad.
1905 St Vincent's School is started in the choir loft of the church.
1908 The Marilla Catholic Church was moved behind St. Vincent's Church and used as our first school. The church was raised and a basement was added as well as an addition to altar area.
1910 The Sisters of St. Francis of Williamsville came to the parish and became teachers in the school.
1919 St Vincent's once again formally becomes a parish rather than a mission church.
1926 Rectory built (now is Convent).
1988 New Church & Rectory built, old rectory becomes Convent.
1993 Father Jim Walter joined St. Vincent de Paul Parish.
1997 Old Convent moved across Seneca St.
1999 Old Church on the corner was taken down.
2001 Bell from old Church added to canopy of new Church.


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All of the magic in Illyriad is performed with spells.
Most of Illyriad's magic abilities are divided into "schools," each with a range of unique properties and general function. Each school is unlocked with research, but the number of schools you can research is limited to a number which is increased by further research. The total number of magic schools planned exceeds the total number of schools that can be unlocked at a single city, so cities will have to specialize their magic research.


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The annual October appearance of Historic England's list of "Buildings at Risk" conveys a sense that the threats to England's heritage are known, under control and in some sense, managed.
The threat even seems to be reducing: 387 buildings at risk were removed from the list this year, and only 328 added. Historic England says it has also met its target to reduce the number of sites on the 2015 Register by 15% (746 sites) in 2017 a year ahead of schedule. Cue a pat on the corporate back?
Sadly, the reality is rather different.
First, HE only counts Grade 1 and 2* buildings outside London. The vast bulk of historic buildings at risk are merely Grade 2, and HE doesn't count them, outside the capital.
Secondly, HE's definition of "risk" is very limited. Crucially, it doesn't include buildings which are about to become disused. Its definition – and targets – imply that it waits until the risk arises, and then tries to manage it.
HE and HLF don't give grants for maintenance or even mothballing – only for repairs. HLF is even prohibited from acting pro-actively: it can only act in response to applications received from neatly-packaged "projects" which (as the decay and expense of repair rises) become ever-more demanding in terms of the "outcomes" required.
Our Forecast for 2018
So here is Maintain's list of buildings at risk in 2018. Not all are historic buildings, but many of them are well-loved and important in their context. Some will find new uses; many will not.
high-street shops, particularly independent businesses
high street banks
all local authority-owned buildings, notably public libraries, local museums, sports centres and swimming pools
Catholic Churches
non-conformist chapels
Anglican churches
Will any of them be eligible for a grant to ensure they are maintained or mothballed, to stave off the inexorable processes of decay, as the Netherlands offer? No.
Will many of them feature, immediately, on Historic England's list of Buildings at Risk? No.
By admin|2018-03-08T12:18:33+00:00January 7th, 2018|Buildings, General, Maintenance, News|
Phone: 1.800.458.556
Mobile: 552.720.546.210
Email: info@your-domain.com


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Regional Regulators in North America Are 'Closely Watching' ICOs
A new report suggests that securities regulators in North America are increasing their oversight of the blockchain funding model.
By Stan Higgins
Oct 18, 2017 at 9:40 p.m. UTC
Updated Sep 13, 2021 at 7:03 a.m. UTC
It's not just national-level securities regulators that are keeping a close eye on initial coin offerings (ICOs).
Late last month, the North American Securities Administrators Association (NASAA) – an organization composed of local, state and regionally based markets watchdogs in Canada, Mexico and the United States – published its Enforcement Report for 2017. While primarily an overview of the kinds of enforcement actions taken in the past year and the issues facing securities regulators, it notably contains a section on the blockchain use case.
After noting that NASAA members believe that trading around cryptocurrencies in general "is likely to pose a significant risk to investors," it makes note of the growing interest in ICOs, which can be used to bootstrap and fund new blockchain networks but have also served as vehicles for alleged fraud in the past.
The report states:
"Cryptocurrencies purport to store value in a distributed digital ledger, and are currently very popular as a means of raising capital for very early stage startups (usually referred to as an "Initial Coin Offering" or ICO). NASAA members are closely watching this emerging market."
That statement came amid a growing number of pronouncements from securities regulators worldwide, a trend that gathered steam after the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) declared that, in some cases, cryptographic tokens distributed through an ICO may be considered securities under federal law.
Some regulators have taken a more restrictive approach, including those in China and South Korea. In the case of China, market watchdogs declared that the ICO funding model is an illegal form of financing, triggering a wave of platform closures and refunds for projects that were in the middle of soliciting funds.
Image via Shutterstock
Stan Higgins


We are older and younger people. We are an intergenerational, non-profit peace and social justice organization with members in Southeast Michigan, including Detroit and the Counties of Wayne, Oakland and Macomb. We work on issues which affect people of all ages: universal health care, peace, strengthening Social Security and Medicare, challenging descrimination, education reform, economic justice, fair labor practices and campaign finance reform. Join us!
For women, and the USA.
The National Council of Gray Panthers Networks has endorsed the Green New Deal. It creates a vision that America can both tackle climate change and work for economic justice by promoting a new green economy.
We are inspired that leadership in this movement is being shared by some bright young people in the Sunrise Movement -- young people who have a big stake in a future with a healthier climate and more green jobs.
Tell your friends about this lecture.
It's an opportunity to learn, share your views and take action!
Event co-sponsors: Peace Action of Michigan; Southeast Michigan Green Party locals; Michigan Coalition for Human Rights; United Church of Christ - Detroit Metropolitan Area. Other groups who would like to also become co-sponsors of this event, are invited to call Randy Block at 248-549-5170 to add your group's name to support this growing movement. No charge to become a co-sponsor. We only ask your help in spreading the word about this presentation.


Next off, determine which mortgage makes the most feeling for you. There are a lot of various options to consider. Although Gilmour recommends selecting one of one of the most common 2: a fixed-rate home loan, in which your interest rate continues to be consistent for the duration of the funding, or a flexible rate mortgage (ARM), where your rate fluctuates to mirror market changes.
cash for home Boiling Springs for dollars seminar.
Getting A Home Loan As A Contractor The loan provider will certainly hold the property as collateral versus you defaulting on the funding. Safe car loans typically offer reduced rates of interest, much better terms and also accessibility to bigger amounts of loan than unprotected finances. They also could boost your credit history, if repaid in timely fashion.
Nonetheless, if there is a deficiency and also the lending institution forgoes the right to obtain a shortage judgment (a personal judgment against the home owners for the amount of the deficiency) or #South Carolina:t# legislation prohibits a shortage judgment under the conditions, the former homeowners don't get any redemption period (Cal. Code Civ. Proc. 726( e)).
Getting A Mortgage After Personal Bankruptcy Most of the home mortgage readily available to those with negative credit history are actually government funded or insured somehow. These include the generally known FHA and also SC car loans, as well as a variety of lesser-known programs such as the USDA real estate program.
Home Evaluation A combustible-gas detector finds percentages of flammable gases. The majority of assessors use their noses since the most typical combustible gases natural gas and propane have smells that are very easy to find. This Bacharach brand name sets you back $350.
A year back, you might well have done, however, as in the real world so in the worlds of home unwanted, all that nonsense has actually needed to stop. The most important thing you could do is reveal your vendor that you have the money to proceed with your acquisition. That means having currently sold your personal building or otherwise being sufficiently fluid, or having a concrete mortgage deal, one your lawyer can validate.
You have actually got your home mortgage, sealed the deal as well as currently it's time to relocate! Whether you make use of a mover or otherwise is up to you, depending on your financial situation and also just how much stuff you need to move; perhaps also, whether you have a lot of pals going to aid you relocate. In either case, you're done with the house buying process! Just begin unpacking and also begin appreciating your initial house! Getting a house for the very first time does not need to be an inconvenience if you're prepared as well as you know just what to do and when to do it. Select a seasoned home mortgage lender and also a pleasant, well-informed real estate agent-they are the secret in ordering to help you have a smooth residence acquiring experience!
You could work to boost your opportunities of getting approved for a home loan by boosting your credit report with credit rating repair work or a financial debt monitoring program. You are additionally much more most likely to be accepted if you supply a big deposit. A down payment between 15% and also 20% will certainly provide you the greatest chances of being accepted.
Repossession Make a bid. The highest prospective buyer takes the residential property. In #South Carolina:t# there are two sorts of repossessions: judicial and non-judicial. The non-judicial path is by far the most used. In non-judicial foreclosures the public auction sale is final. However, with judicial foreclosure the previous owner has up to one year to redeem his building by paying the repossession sale plus interest and also any additional expenditures incurred by the loan provider.


Martinsville, VA (February 20, 2017) – Memorial Hospital of Martinsville & Henry County (MHMHC) today announced that WorkPoint Wellness, MHMHC's occupational health and wellness program, recently welcomed Dr. Melissa H. Smith, DNP, FNP-C, to its team. In addition, WorkPoint Wellness will be expanding its occupational health and wellness offerings as it relocates to a new clinic located at 319 Hospital Drive, Suite 107 in Martinsville. A ribbon cutting and open house is planned at WorkPoint Wellness' new location on Thursday, February 23.
Smith joins WorkPoint Wellness following five years of family/internal medicine practice in Martinsville and eight years of hospitalist practice in Rocky Mount, VA. She received her Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) in 2001, her Master of Science in Nursing (FNP) in 2003, and most recently her Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) in 2010, all from Old Dominion University (Norfolk, VA). She also received her Associate in Applied Science in Nursing from Patrick Henry Community College and is currently an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Nursing at Old Dominion University.
Previously Business Health Services of Memorial Hospital, WorkPoint Wellness is a full service occupational health program that partners with local businesses and industry to provide education, injury management, industrial rehabilitation, testing, screenings and wellness services for employees and the company. In addition to these services, the new location will offer a work injury clinic to all business clients and their employees including: evaluations and treatment for non-emergent work-related injuries, injury-related follow-up, and referrals to appropriate specialties. The public is invited to the open house on Thursday, February 23rd from 5:00 to 7:00pm at 319 Hospital Drive, Suite 107, across from the hospital. WorkPoint Wellness staff will offer tours of the clinic and refreshments will be provided.


A seafood variation on the typical Chinese fave Egg Foo Yung... makes a great summer main dish or make 'em smaller for a killer app.
In a large bowl whisk the eggs with the Iguana Red, mirin & soy until you've beaten them to a slight froth. Stir in the crab, schrooms, sprouts, carrots & celery. Heat 2 big non-stick fry pans over medium high heat with half the oil in each. Once oil is hot, use a 4oz. ladle to portion 3 or 4 patties into each pan. Turn heat down slightly and fry until golden brown, approx. 4 minutes total, flipping from side to side several times while frying so they don't get too dark on any one side. Remove from pan and drain on paper towels. You can keep hot in a 200 deg. oven while you clean pan and add frersh oil if you need to cook the rest of the mixture.


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Home » U.S. and Canada » Plans made to stop tax foreclosure tsunami in Detroit
Plans made to stop tax foreclosure tsunami in Detroit
By Jerry Goldberg posted on March 24, 2015
A dynamic "Emergency People's Assembly to Stop Tax Foreclosures" on March 14 planned a series of actions to demand a moratorium on all tax foreclosures in Detroit and all of Michigan's Wayne County. The assembly also voted to demand the release of the $251 million in unspent federal "Helping Hardest Hit Homeowner" funds by the state of Michigan to help meet the crisis.
With its neighborhoods already devastated by years of mortgage foreclosures due to racist, predatory lending by the major banks, Detroit is now being threatened by an unprecedented wave of property tax foreclosures. These foreclosures are a direct result of Detroit's primarily African-American homeowners being forced to pay property taxes based on assessments that dramatically overstate the actual value of their homes.
Sixty-two thousand Detroit homes are scheduled to go into tax foreclosure on March 31; 37,000 of them are occupied and 18,000 are owner-occupied. The Wayne County treasurer acknowledged that as of March 10, even after placing numerous homeowners in payment plans (delaying the inevitable), over 10,000 homeowners still face the loss of their homes, along with 19,000 other families facing evictions who are renters or on land contracts.
What makes this situation even more disgusting is that federal funds are available to pay off delinquent property taxes on occupied homes! When the banks were bailed out by the federal government for $700 billion in 2008, the Treasury Department allocated about $50 billion to keep families in their homes.
Beginning in 2010, the state of Michigan received $498 million in Helping Hardest Hit Homeowner funds, which can be used to prevent tax foreclosures. Incredibly, as of January, Michigan still had $251 million in unspent Hardest Hit funds according to the most recent Treasury report.
Assembly adopts emergency actions
The emergency assembly was co-chaired by Abayomi Azikiwe from the Moratorium NOW! Coalition and Rebecca Fritz, a mother of five who took over an abandoned Detroit house and turned it into a home for her family when they were confronted with homelessness after exhausting their allowance for remaining in a homeless shelter. Fritz has been defying efforts to remove them for the past year.
Other homeowners challenging eviction as a result of tax foreclosures spoke out, including Kenny Brinkley, an 80-year-old Motown musician who, along with his partner Sandi Combs, are fighting to stay in their 60-year family home. A military veteran with disabilities and his partner testified how they lost their home to an "investor," as is the pattern with many tax foreclosures. Detroit Eviction Defense has led many demonstrations that have prevented the evictions of these families.
Vanessa Fluker, a leading anti-foreclosure attorney, reported how she has been contacted by African-American churches in Detroit facing tax foreclosures, despite their tax-exempt status. That is because their water bills are being illegally treated as tax liens by Wayne County.
Cecily McClellan, a former Detroit city worker, spoke of how she formerly worked in the city's Department of Human Services, where she would help process emergency needs requests that would disburse federal funds to keep people in her homes. McClellan lost her job when DHS was privatized after the state began withholding emergency needs funds from Detroit. Alice Jennings, lead attorney in the class action challenging water shutoffs, reported how the Detroit Water and Sewerage Department has announced plans to resume the shutoffs with the end of winter, targeting 38,000 additional families with deprivation of this most basic human necessity. Pat Driscoll, a retired steelworker and leader of Detroit Eviction Defense's tax foreclosure committee, explained how the foreclosure process operates, and the outreach DED has been doing throughout the community to fight the epidemic.
The assembly adopted the demands of calling for a moratorium on tax foreclosures of all occupied homes, and immediate release by the state of the federal Helping Hardest Hit funds to keep families in their homes. It adopted the suggestion by Wayne County Commissioner Martha Scott to pack the commissioners' next meeting on March 19 to press these demands, and a resolution brought by G. Errol Jennings of the Russell Woods Community Association to pack the Detroit City Council meeting on March 24.
The assembly called for a demonstration on Tuesday, March 31, the last day before the foreclosures go into effect, at the Wayne County Treasurer's office, to demand they be suspended and that the treasurer join the people in demanding release of the Hardest Hit funds.
The gathering also supported a petition campaign initiated by the Detroit People's Platform demanding a halt on the foreclosures. It adopted a resolution brought by Jean Vortkamp from Moratorium NOW! inviting Leilani Farha, U.N. special rapporteur on housing, to come to Detroit and investigate the foreclosures as violations of international law.
Detroit City Council
Detroit Eviction Defense


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From the OFFICE of the GOVERNOR
Contact: govpress@la.gov
President Biden Approves Gov. Edwards' Request for Federal Emergency Declaration for Tropical Storm Nicholas
BATON ROUGE — Gov. John Bel Edwards on Tuesday thanked President Joseph R. Biden for his quick approval of the Governor's request for a federal emergency declaration for Tropical Storm Nicholas, which was granted by the President on Monday night.
"I want to thank the President and Louisiana's federal counterparts at FEMA for their strong partnership as we work to respond to the threat of Tropical Storm Nicholas while also recovering from Hurricanes Laura, Delta and Ida. It's vital that we have as many resources as possible to respond to the forecasted heavy rainfall, potential for flash flooding and river flooding across central Louisiana and all of South Louisiana. The President's federal emergency declaration will help us achieve that, as we will be able to move federal personnel and assets to where they are needed. Louisiana has been tested time and time again, but our strong partnerships at the federal, state and local level are key to our communities standing back up and recovering. I am constantly motivated by the strength of Louisianans as we continue to weather these storms," Gov. Edwards said.
The President's action authorizes FEMA to coordinate all disaster relief efforts for all 64 Louisiana parishes.
On Sunday, Gov. Edwards declared a state of emergency for Tropical Storm Nicholas, allowing the state to begin its preparations and to assist local governments as they respond. President Biden's federal emergency declaration allows Louisiana to mobilize federal resources the state already has in place as well as to request additional resources if needed.
Louisiana continues to recover from Hurricane Laura, Hurricane Delta and Hurricane Ida, with many homes and businesses still damaged from these events. Heavy rainfall could complicate current storm recovery.
Contact the Governor | Subscribe | Unsubscribe
PO Box 94004, Baton Rouge, LA 70804
If you are having trouble viewing this message, please click here.


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Тингрела (село) — расположено в области Каскады в Буркина-Фасо
 Тингрела (озеро) — расположено в области Каскады в Буркина-Фасо

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


XFD takes a well-rounded approach to acquiring student housing assets, from value-add opportunities with significant capex needs and operational turnaround plays for recent builds, to Core Plus assets with stable in-place cash flows that offer opportunities for outsized growth for the right operator.
We bring modern design and practicality together by focusing on in-unit finish quality and thoughtful amenity package combinations, in order to create a boutique living experience for our residents that will leave a lasting impression.
Our team of proven Student Housing Operations experts is experienced with everything from repositioning distressed assets to delivering brand new Class A developments. Our roll-up-your-sleeves approach is a defining quality, core to our decision-making process.
Based on a wealth of experience in real world problem-solving, marketing, and management, XFD offers a range of bespoke third-party management services which will provide the guidance your property needs and the focus it deserves.
We would love to learn more about your needs. Fill out the form below and our operations team will be in touch with you in the next 24 hours.
As XFD Real Estate Partners continues to expand its offerings with third-party management services, they are catching the eye of the student housing market. View the full article here.


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Q: Карта браузерной стратегии Создаю карту для браузерной игры (стратегии). Карта состоит из клеток (tile) ... На данный момент карта обновляется при нажатии на стрелочки рядом с картой, сама карта генерируется с помощью цикла PHP (вся информация о деревнях и ресурсах на карте - храниться и выбирается из БД) ...
Я понимаю что генерировать карту каждый раз при обновлении координат (при передвижении по карте) , это очень тяжелый процесс как для сервера так и для клиента...
То что сейчас:

Принял решение изменить карту:

*

*Использовать AJAX (для динамического обновления карты)

*Использовать JSON Для получения информации о городах на карте с помощью API

*Использовать Скрол по X и Y для прокрутки карты по осям ( такую систему использовали и используют Travian )

Первые 2 пункта - не вызывают вопросов вообще ... Вот насчет 3, это проблема. Сначала выбор пал на плагин Jquery Eco-Scroll.js ... Но не смог найти как прикрутить "начальные координаты" , чтобы не 0:0 грузил, а допустим 20:5 ... Прощу помочь найти решения для реализации карты (и да я понимаю, что карта перекачует из изометрии в 2D ). Самый большой плюс Eco-Scroll.js это предзагрузка клеток .

A:
Самым простым способом оказалось использовать JS (Jquery). Написав небольшую библиотеку , которая генерирует слой клеток размером 20х20 (400 клеток), дальше скрипт грузит данные с сервера используя AJAX и получает ответ в JSON (создается псевдо реал тайм). После того как скрипт уже попал в кэш , загрузка и работа карты - становиться просто великолепной, небольшой скрин:

Довольно интересным решением стало использование draggable , из пакета JQuery. Именно он позволил сделать перетаскивание карты (свайп если вам угодно) , используя математические вычисления удалось научить скрипт понимать стороны света , и перемещать в зависимости от смещения карты относительно страницы :)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Scarlett Oaks is a subdivision of approximately 12 detached, single family homes built ca. 1997. Median lot size is approximately one-half acre. Interior living space ranges from approximately 1,700-2,100 sq. ft. with a median of approximately 1,900 sq. ft.
Entry into the subdivision Park Road onto Scarlett Oaks Circle, just outside the Honey Brook Boro limits.


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Q: ORA-12541:TNS:No listener while connecting to DB using toad, when computer is in domain My system is in domain of my company.
 Installed oracle in my system.
 I am able to connect to oracle using sql plus, but whenever I tried to connect through using toad    following error is coming.
Googled and tried with so many solutions, nothing worked.
See listener.ora file
    SID_LIST_LISTENER =
 (SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
  (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
  (ORACLE_HOME = C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server)
  (PROGRAM = extproc)
)
  (SID_DESC =
  (SID_NAME = CLRExtProc)
  (ORACLE_HOME = C:\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\11.2.0\server)
  (PROGRAM = extproc)
)
   )

   LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
  (DESCRIPTION =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ASDi303.abc.com)(PORT = 1521))
   )
 )

 DEFAULT_SERVICE_LISTENER = (XE)

In tnsnames.ora,  HOST is ASDi303.abc.com only...


The location is so easy to find, right beside the station, on the left side of paris baquette. Free food on the kitchen 24/7 (kimchi and ramen). The staff was so friendly to me, i really love that.
I liked that there was a window that opened. Even though it was cold out, I was able to get some fresh air in the tiny room unlike other guesthouse rooms. It was also very quiet and peaceful.
Although tiny (micro!) the price was very good and the staff I met were incredibly friendly and helpful. It's not often you're greeted with a hug when checking in.
Breakfast was not included. The location is very good, but need to include the viseble name on the entrance.
The view from the roof is astonishing and it is the PERFECT place to see the sunrise over the city and the Han-River. Free tea, coffee and noodles at all times. Free rice during meal times. +You can come and leave whenever you want. Check in and out is quite easy.
The property is right outside the subway (exit 5) which is great. My room on the 9th floor had a good view of the river. 29,000 Won is really cheap for a night in Seoul.
Very close to subway (Nodeul station)couldn't be closer! Very quiet.
Smallest room I've ever had, but it was private and had everything I needed. Property worked for me, food, coffee and transport nearby.
One of our best sellers in Seoul! Ideally located just a 1-minute walk to Nodeul Subway Station, Opera House is female-only accommodations offering simple guest rooms and a Hangang River view. Free WiFi access is available at public areas.
The property's in-room facilities include a flat-screen TV with cable channels, a fridge and air conditioning. The private bathroom comes with a shower, a hairdryer and free toiletries.
Guests at the Opera House can use a shared kitchen to prepare their own meals. Rice, instant noodles, kimchi and tea are available in the kitchen 24 hours free of charge. Luggage storage services are also offered.
Building 63 Aquarium is an 8-minute drive away, while Yeouido Hangang Park can be reached within a 10-minute drive. Namsan N Seoul Tower is a 20-minute drive away. Gimpo Airport is a 30-minute drive away, and Incheon Airport is a 50-minute drive from the property.
When would you like to stay at Opera House?
House Rules Opera House takes special requests – add in the next step!
Please inform Opera House of your expected arrival time in advance. You can use the Special Requests box when booking, or contact the property directly using the contact details in your confirmation.
Breakfast was not included. The price booked from Vladivostok in rubbles was cheaper than 25.000 Krw per day therefore, it did not match and was more expensive. There is molt and dust inside the room with smell, and there is television (no signal) but it showed no tv program at all.
The staff didn't update me that my room was changed. There was also loud noises coming from the side of the builiding. The bed was uncomfortable. They also didn't have toilet paper.
small room. but well it is cheap.
The TV/cable did not work.
Theres no staff. The room have insects inside. So cold inside the room. Last For my payment they let me pay to the other guest because there is no one at the phone.
Well, it WAS very tiny... but for the price, that's what you get!
If you don't speak korean there's too few information. When I arrived my room hasn't been prepared. The toilet was full of sh**, there was garbage on the floor and no one at the hostel, only a korean phone number. When a guest called they had to find someone who speaks english first, who told me I can just enter the room - there is no "check in." I later changed the room and it was fine.


Day 36 didn't start out to swell. Let me explain.
I'm "Liza," and Edward is, well, Edward. Our site is down. I'm on the morning shift. And Edward tells me to hold 1-5 minutes.
Now, the good thing is that probably 50% of the people who get this kind of result in their web search think that it's something on their end. Maybe they've got a bad connection so they go reset the router. Maybe they have a computer that needs an update so they reboot. Maybe they need a defrag, and on and on. By the time they get back to the site, the problem's been fixed, and they're none the worse off for the experience.
So that was a bummer of a way to start the work day. The worst is, when they finally did get us up and running again, they didn't really have an explanation.
Translation? It will happen again next week.
She and I came to an agreement today (I think.) She would willingly let me photograph her if I would willingly be okay with her not having makeup on.
You got a deal, Phyllis. Mi casa es su casa. I know that translates into nothing remotely related, but I really just wanted some Spanish in this blog post.
Okay, according to the Chick-fil-A website, the Chicken Breakfast Burrito consists of: Chunks of Chick-fil-A chicken gently mixed with scrambled eggs, fire-roasted onions and peppers and a subtle blend of Monterey Jack and Cheddar cheeses – all wrapped in a soft flour tortilla and served with our spicy salsa. Also available with our spicy chicken.
My take? Honestly, the burrito wasn't my favorite. Oh, and this was my first shot at the Chick-fil-A Breakfast Burrito, so a lot was riding on this culinary endeavor. I would definitely give it another shot, though, don't get me wrong. They have chicken and sausage, so of course I went with chicken, but sausage may be a better choice. We'll have to test that out. It wasn't as hot as I'd like it, but I'm hard to please in that regard. I also was a little disappointed because of what Ali had mentioned yesterday, which is that some Chick-fil-A's give larger-sized hash brown containers, since I'm such a brainwashed, er, devoted fan of them. Alas, my Trinity Chick-fil-A does not! So Brenda, if you're reading this, it's something to consider. Just a thought.
Final Every Day Rating: I feel myself getting tougher on the rating system, but I gotta go with a 7 out of 10. The really good thing about the burrito is that it's huge! I mean, it's no Chipotle or anything, but it's sizeable for a breakfast entree. But something just wasn't cohesive to me in the ingredient pairings, and I'm still trying to figure it out. I think if it had burned my mouth a little after taking a big bite, however, it could registered an 8 without question.
I like it hot, Chick-fil-A. If you're listening.
**SPECIAL NOTE** If you live in the Tampa area, make sure you take advantage of the COW INVASION tomorrow, July 11th! Check out our blog post HERE on Addicted to Saving for more info.
This entry was posted in Breakfast, Day 36 on July 10, 2013 by Jeff.


text:
package org.apache.hc.client5.http;

import org.apache.hc.core5.util.TextUtils;

/**
 * Signals a non 2xx HTTP response.
 *
 * @since 4.0
 */
public class HttpResponseException extends ClientProtocolException {

    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7186627969477257933L;

    private final int statusCode;
    private final String reasonPhrase;

    public HttpResponseException(final int statusCode, final String reasonPhrase) {
        super(String.format("status code: %d" +
                (TextUtils.isBlank(reasonPhrase) ? "" : ", reason phrase: %s"), statusCode, reasonPhrase));
        this.statusCode = statusCode;
        this.reasonPhrase = reasonPhrase;
    }

    public int getStatusCode() {
        return this.statusCode;
    }

    public String getReasonPhrase() {
        return this.reasonPhrase;
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It's not a crazy assertion that Facebook would have impacted the US election results in one way or another, right? After all, it would be strange to assert that mainstream media has absolutely no impact on the US election results. And just think about how much time we spend with Facebook.
Surprisingly, Mark Zuckerberg doesn't want to admit that Facebook impacted US election results.
On Saturday, Zuckerberg wrote that it was "extremely unlikely hoaxes changed the outcome of this election in one direction or the other." His post did acknowledge that the social platform should do more to fight the spread of false news stories, but also implied that content of the sort was insignificant.
Identifying the "truth" is complicated. While some hoaxes can be completely debunked, a greater amount of content, including from mainstream sources, often gets the basic idea right but some details wrong or omitted. An even greater volume of stories express an opinion that many will disagree with and flag as incorrect even when factual. I am confident we can find ways for our community to tell us what content is most meaningful, but I believe we must be extremely cautious about becoming arbiters of truth ourselves.
These comments are the most extensive remarks Zuckerberg has made publicly since the election, and they come as the social platform's executive team came under fire for not doing more to combat conspiracy theories and other invented news stories. Basically, Facebook can be a force for spreading positive content…but there are clear negatives as well.
Recent findings from the Pew Research Center seem to imply that Facebook did indeed impact the US elections: 20% of social media users indicated that they changed their stance on a particular political issue as a direct result of something they saw on social media, usually towards a more pessimistic stance.
"People who said they had changed their minds on [the presidential] candidates often said that social media pointed their opinion in a more negative direction," said Monica Anderson, a Pew research associate, via a post right before the election.
Interesting, 25% of individuals who identified as liberal Democrats said their minds had been changed about a political or social issue due to social media. They were the most likely to be swayed out of all studied. In contrast, just 13% of conservative Republicans said the same. Considering views were generally moved in a more pessimistic direction, it's not unreasonable to suggest that falsehoods about the Democratic candidate spreading on Facebook likely impacted the US elections.
Considering all of the evidence, is saying that Facebook had an impact on the US elections "a pretty crazy idea," as Zuckerberg claimed on Thursday?


text:
Weekly Market Update
Take Two: ECB minutes reveal fear of entrenched inflation; OPEC+ to cut oil output
The European Central Bank (ECB) feared that an expected economic slowdown in the Eurozone would be insufficient to curb price rises, and that inflation could become "self-reinforcing," according to the minutes from its September rate decision. At last month's meeting, the ECB increased interest rates by 75 basis points (bp); the market consensus is for another 75bp increase in October. The minutes highlighted expectations of "a period of stagnation around the turn of the year" followed by a likely recession next year. The final Eurozone composite Purchasing Managers' Index (PMI) for September was revised down to 48.1, a 20-month low, driven by high inflation, economic uncertainty and weakening demand.
The OPEC+ alliance of major oil producing nations agreed to cut output by two million barrels per day, more than expected, and the equivalent of 2% of global production. The group said the decision was made in response to rising interest rates in western economies amid weakening growth, but US President Joe Biden called the move "short-sighted" while war in Ukraine continues – White House officials raised the prospect of further releases from the US' strategic oil reserves. News of the cut pushed oil prices higher last week; as of Friday morning Brent Crude was close to $95 per barrel, up from about $88 a week earlier.
Figure in focus: 52.2
Service sector activity returned to growth in Japan in September – the final services PMI was revised up to 52.2, compared to 49.5 in August – a reading above 50 indicates expansion. This three-month high likely reflects the easing of COVID-19 restrictions. However, high inflation and weakening demand from Japan's trading partners saw the final manufacturing PMI fall to 50.8 in September from 51.5 the previous month. Meanwhile, a Bank of Japan survey showed worsening business sentiment among big manufacturers for a third straight quarter. To combat economic decline and a falling yen, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida announced a loosening of border policies in a bid to boost inbound tourism.
Words of wisdom:
USB-C: A style of cable connector used to power a variety of technology devices. The European Parliament agreed last week to establish USB-C as the universal charging method for all mobile phones, tablets and cameras, among other equipment, across the European Union. The rule, which still needs formal approval, comes into force from 2024 and will also apply to laptop computers from 2026. It is designed to reduce electronic waste – and is also predicted to save consumers up to €250m per year, but will force some technology firms to change their charging systems as a result.
The UK publishes its latest unemployment figures on Tuesday followed by monthly GDP data for August on Wednesday, when the Eurozone releases its industrial production figures. The Federal Reserve publishes the minutes from its latest monetary policy meeting on Wednesday. The US announces its inflation numbers for September on Thursday, with China's figures following on Friday, alongside the Eurozone trade balance data. The annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and World Bank Group take place this week, while China's 20th Party Congress, a five-yearly event, begins on Sunday.
Take Two: US Q4 GDP tops expectations; UN predicts slower global growth in 2023
Take Two: China growth slows and population falls; global bond issuance soars
Take Two: US inflation eases, prompting hopes of smaller rate hikes; World Bank cuts growth forecast
Issued in the UK by AXA Investment Managers UK Limited, which is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority in the UK. Registered in England and Wales, No: 01431068. Registered Office: 22 Bishopsgate, London, EC2N 4BQ.


text:
Il Mannlicher M1893 (o solo M93) era un fucile a otturatore girevole-scorrevole, realizzato dalla austro-ungarica Steyr Mannlicher. Fu il fucile d'ordinanza del Regno di Romania dal 1893 al 1938, primo fucile a ripetizione (insieme al predecessore M1892) largamente distribuito alle forze armate rumene.

Storia

Sviluppo

Intorno al 1890 i militari rumeni iniziarono la ricerca di un'arma lunga di piccolo calibro, a polvere infume, per rimpiazzare i Martini-Henry monocolpo a retrocarica. Essi si rivolsero alla Österreichische Waffenfabriksgesellschaft di Steyr, in Austria-Ungheria, dove Otto Schönauer era impegnato nella modifica del tedesco Gewehr 1888, insieme a Ferdinand Mannlicher, che ne modificò il sistema di caricamento en bloc in modo da permettere l'inserimento della clip indifferentemente dal verso della stessa. Il fucile così ottenuto, denominato Mannlicher M1892, fu testato dall'esercito rumeno. Dopo ulteriori modifiche minori, la variante finale M1893 venne messa in produzione. Diversamente dall'ordinanza austro-ungarica Mannlicher M1895 ad otturatore scorrevole, il fucile rumeno adottava un classico otturatore girevole-scorrevole.

L'adozione del fucile fu causa di controversie in Romania, nonostante l'approvazione del Re Carlo I; il generale Budisteanu lo definì "un baton", un bastone, ed il calibro più piccolo degli usuali prodotti Mannlicher causò difficoltà nell'approvvigionamento di polvere da sparo compatibile.

Accanto al fucile lungo venne introdotta una variante carabina, lunga 980 mm, con leva dell'otturatore curva. Essa venne assegnata alle unità di cavalleria e di artiglieria.

Impiego operativo

In totale la produzione di M1893 si attestò sui 195.000 esemplari. Fino al 1914 erano stati consegnati alla Romania 120.000 fucili e 14.000 carabine. I rimanenti esemplari già assemblati vennero requisiti dal k.u.k. Armee allo scoppio della Grande Guerra ed impiegati nel calibro originale. I fucili non ancora completati vennero modificati in fabbrica e camerati nella munizione standard austro-ungarica 8 × 50 mm R Mannlicher. A queste armi si unirono le armi in calibro originale di preda bellica, catturate durante la campagna di Romania.

Mannlicher M1896 portoghese
Il Regno di Portogallo acquistò circa 12.500 fucili e carabine in calibro 6,5 mm Mannlicher dalla Steyr, nel 1896 per la marina e per la cavalleria e nel 1898 per l'artiglieria. Queste armi portano inciso lo stemma "CI" (per Carlo I di Portogallo). La cartuccia 6,5 × 53 mm R venne inizialmente importata dalla Georg Roth ed in seguito prodotta nel paese lusitano.

Nel 1946 alcune centinaia di Mannlicher portoghesi furono adattati alla munizione .22 Long Rifle per l'addestramento.

Note

Voci correlate
Mannlicher M1886
Mannlicher-Schönauer
Mannlicher M1895 olandese

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Fucili bolt-action
Fucili da battaglia
Armi della prima guerra mondiale