The U. N. Arms Control Association gave its Person of the Year Award to Ambassador Elayne Whyte Goméz and the disarmament delegations of Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and South Africa.
The event was held in Washington, D.C., during the annual meeting of the body. The award was presented in recognition of the leadership role in the negotiation and adoption of the historic treaty that had the support of 120 countries.
The award, announced Thursday, honors the diplomats who worked at a time when Costa Rica held the presidency of the U. N. Conference for the adoption of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons.
Daryl Kimball, executive director of the organization, announced the 2017 award, and said that "in a year marked by growing tensions between the states with nuclear weapons in the world, the negotiation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons stands out as an achievement".
The head of the organization, founded in 1971, added that "the strong affirmative vote for the disarmament teams of Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Mexico, New Zealand and South Africa, and Ambassador Whyte Gómez, reflect their fundamental role in the negotiation of the treaty and the search for a world without nuclear weapons."
Costa Rica played a strong role in the achievement of the treaty that was ready for the signature of the U.N. secretary general last Sept. 19.
After her appointment as president of the U. N. Conference, and together with a group of diplomatic officials of the Costa Rican foreign ministry, Whyte, who is the permanent representative to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland, conducted the negotiations and drafted the text of the treaty that was finally approved last July 7.
The nuclear disarmament role of the country was recognized with the award.
Each year since 2007, the association board and staff has nominated individuals and groups for people of the year with the purpose of recognizing the significant contributions that advance effective arms control, disarmament and non-proliferation.
More than 2,500 people from 90 countries voted through an online survey in 2017. Voting took place between December and January. This is the largest number of votes from the widest range of countries recorded in the 10-year history of the award.
The distinction is added to the Nobel Peace Prize 2017, which the Nobel Committee in Oslo awarded to the Campaign for the Abolition of Nuclear Weapons, an organization that warned about the consequences of the use of these arsenals and promoted and supported the U.N. Conference, to achieve the signing of the treaty in record time.
The first national survey conducted within the framework of the Strategy of Sustainable Enterprises resulted in a series of recommendations that would improve the business climate in Costa Rica, strengthen the competitiveness of companies and ensure a sustainable and conducive environment for private initiative. The survey was carried out by the Costa Rican Union of Chambers and Associations of the Private Business Sector together with the International Labor Organization.
Among the most relevant proposals are: adjust the support scheme for entrepreneurs to a national strategy to consider success factors, establish a support program to improve the productive efficiency of micro- and small enterprises, review the strategy to reduce and simplify the number of procedures, establish mechanisms to temporarily flex the level of payment of contributions for smaller companies, improve fuel and electricity rates, and strengthen and improve public infrastructure.
Franco Arturo Pacheco, the chamber union president, said the suggestions that were issued show that it is urgent to make a series of changes in laws and guidelines to enhance the country's competitiveness. The results of the survey and the recommendations proposed will be delivered to the president-elect, Carlos Alvarado.
The survey process, which took place from July to December last year and included 1,284 companies (939 were formal and 345 informal), was conducted by the Demoscopy Co.
The regional director of the labor organization, Carmen Moreno, said that his agency is focused on the promotion of decent work. "We recognize that it can only be generated in a broad, democratic and sustainable way, through a powerful, creative and innovative private sector, and for this reason, it is essential to have environments for companies to be sustainable, so that the enterprises can arise everywhere, can mature and consolidate, and generate the greatest wealth through the value generated, distributed and shared," he said.
The survey was designed to offer results in the following topics: size of the company according to number of employees, informal businesses, activity sectors (primary, secondary and tertiary) and for two areas of location, the Greater Metropolitan Area and the rest from the country. Some of the study shows that medium and large companies are those that usually have more years of operation. 82 percent of them are over 15 years old and 97 percent have been operating for more than five years.
The results of the survey and the recommendations proposed will be delivered to the president-elect, Carlos Alvarado.
Some 43 percent of the informal business units are more than 15 years old. This shows that, for a segment of Costa Rican micro-enterprises, informality, that is lack of full legal status, is a permanent phenomenon.
Costa Rican companies are characterized by a high degree of specialization. Only 16 percent of formal Costa Rican companies are involved in several areas of production at the same time.
The survey also showed that 10 percent of small and medium enterprises are able to place their products in international markets.
People with university or higher education run 84 percent of medium and large companies and 54 percent of medium and small companies. Among informal businesses, 23 percent of them are run by people with higher education.
The complaints cited in the survey include: slow issuance of permits by the National Environmental Technical Secretariat, problems with applications for land-use licenses in municipalities and dissatisfaction with the fuel supply service.
In recent years, Costa Rica has remained within the list of countries that violate intellectual property rights, according to the U. S. Trade Representative. The Office of the Deputy Prosecutor for Economic, Tax and Money Laundering Offenses reported receiving 100 complaints regarding the violation of intellectual property rights from November 2016 to October of last year.
The country is placed on the violations list due to the lack of actions on the part of the state to guarantee compliance with these rights. This discourages employers from asserting their rights and results in lost business opportunities.
In response to this issue, the Costa Rican law firm BLP will carry out an internet intellectual property online congress Thursday, World Intellectual Property Day. This online congress is innovative and will be the first online initiative in Central America. It will run from 8:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. It is aimed at companies that handle high-level brands, small and medium enterprises, managers, lawyers and professionals who are in charge of the image and brands and who are constantly working on product launches.
The first congress aims to train attendees in the general aspects and new trends that exist in the region on the subject, organizers said.
"Any product or service that we use may be subject to intellectual property, but there is a lot of ignorance on the part of companies about the issue, because it goes beyond establishing a brand. This congress intends to instruct the assistants in the need to protect their creations," said Giselle Reuben, partner of BLP and specialist in intellectual property.
Intellectual property is not fully protected in Costa Rica, according to BLP.
The topics that will be addressed are patents, anti-piracy, parallel importation, non-traditional brands, generalities of brands, industrial secrets, intellectual property and advertising and recommendations for the management of brand portfolios.
Registration for the congress is free, and people should confirm their participation at eventos@blplegal.com. Once the registration is confirmed, the organization will share a link to access the talks of the congress.
A lawmaker of the Citizen Action Party, Marco Vinicio Redondo Quirós, denounced large optical chains in the country that he said he believes have paralyzed the organic law project of the college of optometrists.
The initiative includes measures to ensure that Costa Ricans receive quality visual health services.
"In many places, eye exams may be done by people who are not certified in the area of visual health services. This is a dangerous practice and we want to stop with the bill. Unfortunately, the optical chains have Otto Guevara working according to their interests," said Redondo Quirós, criticizing a legislative colleague.
The legislator said that these companies have coerced their employees to oppose the initiative, despite the fact that the text is endorsed by the College of Optometrists of Costa Rica. In addition, lawmakers Otto Guevara has paralyzed the text with amendments, so that it is in one of the committees of the legislature.
Specifically, employers are opposed to the College of Optometrists conducting an examination of incorporation. In addition, they are against the necessity of having a professional in commercial establishments.
Redondo said he thinks that stricter visual health measures are required.
"There is a very big business in the sale of lenses. That's why the big optical chains do not want any control. They want to take advantage of the needs of Costa Ricans at the expense of their visual health," said Redondo Quirós.
After great expectations Move Concerts has confirmed that Roger Waters and his tour "Us + Them" will perform in Costa Rica. This is the only concert by the acclaimed Pink Floyd artist in Central America and will place Costa Rica as the capital of live entertainment in the region.
Tickets will be on pre-sale at www.eticket.cr April 30 at 10 a.m. The sale will start tomorrow for Amex customers.
For Credomatic customers the pre-sale starts May 3 at 10 a.m. The general sale will start on May 7 at 8 a.m.
"We are going to present a new show. It will be a mix of things from my long career, things from my years with Pink Floyd, some new things. Probably 80 percent will be old material and 20 percent will be new, but will be connected by a general concept. It will be a great show, I promise. It will be spectacular as all my shows have been," said the 74-year-old British singer.
First clue a huge pink pig balloon at La Sabana.
In expectation of the concert, the famous pig that has been characteristic of Waters concerts since the 1970s began to be installed at the National Stadium last Sunday.
Legendary "Pink Floyd" singer will be in Central America for the first time.
Industrial companies expect 2018 to be similar to 2017 but with very low generation of employment opportunities.
A study on the prospects for the year called, "Business Perspectives and Competitiveness Factors of the Industrial Sector, 2018" is conducted by the Chamber of Industries of Costa Rica. This is the ninth consecutive survey and study by the chamber.
The study suggest that in 2018, 60 percent of the total companies surveyed will increase production, but 74 percent will maintain their level of employment for the rest of the year. Medium-sized companies are the most optimistic, particularly in terms of increased production.
Enrique Egloff, president of the Chamber of Industries said that, "the scarce generation of employment continues to worry us because it is no secret that to reduce unemployment and poverty in a sustained manner, a significant increase in opportunities is necessary, according to the estimations from interviewed companies on hiring levels, would reach a maximum of 2 percent ".
Regarding the net balance of employment behavior and taking into account the percentage of companies that would increase it or reduce it, a positive balance of 5 percent is expected.
That represents 6.6 percent less than in 2017, which achieved a net balance of 11.6 percent. The balance is the following according to company size: 10.percent for large companies, 10.7 percent for medium companies and 1.9 percent for the small ones.
"On the issue of employment, while there is an improvement in the expectations of medium-sized companies, the stagnation in the expectations of large companies and the deterioration of the expectations of small companies, precisely point to a very slight growth in hiring in the industrial sector," Egloff said.
"The evolution of both investment plans and hiring personnel were, at least partially, affected by the uncertainty generated by the electoral process in a good proportion of the entrepreneurs in the sector," Egloff explained.
The study also indicates that in terms of the assessment of the overall results or performance of the companies, the industrialists surveyed rated 2017 with a score of 7.2. By 2018, the expected average rating is 7.3.
The small industries rated the general results of 2017 with a score of 6.5, while the mediums gave a score of 7.2m and the large manufacturing companies were the ones that rated the performance during that year with an average score of 8.0.
Interviewees were asked if the electoral process generated uncertainty in the company and, if so, if it had effects on the company. About 63 percent of the companies surveyed said that the electoral process had generated uncertainty.
In 80 percent of the companies there was uncertainty and negative effects particularly with reference to investment plans (74 percent), hiring of workers (54 percent) and, to a lesser extent, expansion projects to new markets (37 percent) and development of new products or lines of business (30 percent).
As for the factors that negatively affect the competitiveness of manufacturing companies, the cost of electric power is still the factor most mentioned by industrial companies (75.2 percent) which affects their competitiveness.
When taking into account the order of importance that the interviewees give to the three factors which in their opinion are the ones that currently have the most influence are: the cost of electricity, social changes, and the competition of informal companies. Procedures and permits, taxes and labor regulations were also mentioned in the study.
The study suggest that in 2018, 74 percent will maintain their level of employment for the rest of the year.
For small and medium companies, the first four places in order of importance are: social charges, the cost of electricity, competition from informal companies and taxes. So-called informal companies are those who may not be legally organized, may not pay appropriate social charges for health and security of their work-forces and may pay salaries below the legal minimum.
Finally, in this section it is important to highlight that financing, both in terms of access and cost, remains at a level of importance for small and medium companies, ranking sixth the same as in 2017. "As we pointed out a year ago in spite of the advances in the implementation of reforms to the banking system for development, access to financing continues to be a factor that cannot be effectively addressed. Additionally, the cost, especially in national currency, is high, particularly for small industry," said Egloff.
The chamber survey also rated the administration of President Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera.
The assessment, using a 1 to 10 scale, included the qualification of 18 public policy areas or actions of the administration, as well as a qualification question on the general management of the government to date.
The general rating of the government in this last year was 5.0. This rating is lower than the 5.4 obtained in the 2017 survey.
The areas of control of public expenditure, simplification of procedures, and public security were rated lowest by industrialists.
Of the 18 categories, none had a significant increase and 10 had a significant reduction.
The control of inflation was in all the years of the Solís Administration the best rated area. However for last year, the average grade declined and is below 7.
The areas in which the ratings fell the most were in their order: public safety (-1.8), control of public expenditure (-1.3), electricity (-0.7) and regulatory improvement (-0.6).
The average rating of the 18 areas considered was 4.8, lower than the 5.2 in 2017.
Industrialists anticipate an increase in inflation, exchange rate and interest.
Costa Rican artist Karen Clachar conceives the pre-Columbian stone petroglyphs as if they were the first papers, the first advertising posters, or the first popular signs in her new exhibition SIGNUM. The work brings these ancient stone carvings into a dialogue, like the first forms of communication and artistic expression with the massive commercial brands, modern references of a consumer society.
SIGNUM is being inaugurated at the dungeons of the National Museum, at 7 p.m. They are a work that took five years, and, through the creativity of the artist and the vision of the publicist, they mix the signs of ancestral indigenous cultures with the signs of the general culture.
"In my work I use brands of mass consumption to generate a new language, in it there is hybridity, a game, a contrast, there is, if you like, a development of a new iconography, of a SIGNUM, in Latin, because it is our basic and primary way to communicate, something we are facing now," explains the artist.
The viewer will see various techniques, including screen printing, engraving, painting, installation and photography, and faces a collection of objects representative of mass consumption, such as stock exchanges, credit cards, train tickets, cards of hotel, placed in facilities that seek to connect the visitor with daily life, with the bombardment to which they are exposed day by day.
According to Rocío Fernández, director of the National Museum, the work of Clachar, "shows the creator who lives with the communicator and the publicist in a continuous commitment to the reflection of the work itself (the act of creating through various media) and its weather. The glyph is just a starting point, a graphic reference to reveal how the consumer society prints its mark on universal brands and signs."
Clachar was inspired by two starting points to conceptualize and carry out SIGNUM, two tours that marked the creation of this exhibition, a visit to Mexico and another to the Guanacaste Conservation area. In Mexico she saw the Sun Stone better known as the Aztec calendar, one of the historical petroglyphs. It is more than 1,700 years old and continues to be as popular and current as it was in antiquity.
The exhibition will be available for two months.
The works will be displayed until July 22 within the normal schedule of the National Museum, from Tuesday to Saturday, from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and Sundays from 9 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.
Costa Rica has moved its offices in Germany after being at one location for more than 20 years.
The site, in the center of the city, is minutes from the Bundestag, the German Parliament, and the ministries of Education and the Environment, which allows staff members easy and convenient access to those departments.
In the opening ceremony, participants included: the minister of Foreign Affairs and Worship, Manuel A. González Sanz, the ambassador of Costa Rica in the Federal Republic of Germany, Giancarlo Luconi, members of the accredited diplomatic and consular corps, and members of the German Parliament. Also at the ceremony were representatives of the federal government of Germany, businessmen, academics, and friends of the embassy, among them Costa Rican students who carry out their undergraduate and postgraduate studies in that European country.
González stressed the importance of the country's continuing efforts to have infrastructure that represents the values of service of Costa Ricans, facilitates access to users and represents the image of the country in a dignified manner.
"In these four years we have implemented measures not only to expand the spectrum of diplomatic relations, with which we open new embassies, but also to empower them with better facilities, services and access in our authorized embassies and consulates."
Costa Rica-German relations are one of the most stable.
Among the messages were those of the importance of the bonds of friendship and trade relations and exchange of knowledge that have always highlighted both nations.
According to Luconi, the ambassador, the new headquarters responds to "an additional effort to support the improvement of the national image in a country of such importance. In addition the act coincides with the recent start of operations of the flights of the German airline Lufthansa.
With the help of dogs of the Border Police a mobile liquor store was discovered in Ciudad Neily.
The action was coordinated with the Fiscal Control Police of the Ministry of Finance, and 1056 units of liquor were seized.
Monday, police in the canton of El Guarco, in the province of Cartago, intercepted another vehicle which contained 1,666 units of liquor, 2,400 cans of Cuba Libre and 36 containers of whiskey.
In one week authorities have caught two vehicles using the same methodology.


Through outlets available in many countries, we offer a Cash&Carry along with Wholesale services to the local community and businesses, with a portfolio of over 1500 lines of quality branded food, household goods and non-food item All made available at the lowest prices.
On arrival you will be free to browse our aisles to select what products you need with no restriction on quantities and varieties. On completion of your transaction our friendly staff will be pleased to help you load it into your vehicle.


text:
package org.kie.workbench.common.stunner.client.lienzo.shape.view.wires.ext;

import com.ait.lienzo.client.core.shape.MultiPath;
import com.ait.lienzo.test.LienzoMockitoTestRunner;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.kie.workbench.common.stunner.client.lienzo.shape.view.wires.WiresScalableContainer;
import org.kie.workbench.common.stunner.core.client.shape.view.event.ViewEventType;
import org.mockito.Mock;

import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;

@RunWith(LienzoMockitoTestRunner.class)
public class DecoratedShapeViewTest {

    private static ViewEventType[] viewEventTypes = {};
    private final static MultiPath PATH = new MultiPath();

    private final double width = 5;
    private final double height = 5;

    @Mock
    private WiresTextDecorator textDecorator;

    private WiresScalableContainer container;

    private DecoratedShapeView<WiresShapeViewExt> tested;

    @Before
    public void setup() throws Exception {
        container = new WiresScalableContainer();
        this.tested = new DecoratedShapeView<>(viewEventTypes,
                                               container,
                                               PATH,
                                               width,
                                               height);
        this.tested.setTextViewDecorator(textDecorator);
    }

    @Test
    public void testTitle() {
        //setTitle should not throw an exception when called with a null argument
        tested.setTitle(null);
    }

    @Test
    public void testTextWrapBoundariesUpdatesOnRefresh() {
        tested.refresh();
        verify(textDecorator).update();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Category Archives: Lebanon
Palestinian Family Ties: The Most Sacred Solidarity
From left to right: delegation members Shafic Budron and his daughter Dima with Shafic's Uncle Hasan, Al-Bi'na, Israel.
Early in the planning of our delegation, two of our Palestinian-American members, Shafic Budron and his daughter Dima, invited our group to visit to the homes of their family members in the Upper Galilee of Israel. Shafic and his immediate family are dear friends to many of members of the delegation – and of course we graciously accepted their invitation. I think I can safely say this visit was one of the most eagerly anticipated part of our itinerary.
Like many Palestinian families, Shafic's family was devastated by the Nakba. While many of his family members became internally displaced – and eventually became Palestinian citizens of Israel, others became refugees. Shafic himself was born after the Nakba and grew up in the infamous Shatilla refugee camp south of Beirut, Lebanon.
Shafic's personal story is a harrowing one, but he eventually made his way to the US, where he became an American citizen, a successful businessman and a prominent member of the Palestinian community in the Chicago area. Shafic and his family are among the most genuine, open-hearted people I know – indeed his friendship with so many Jewish members of our delegation was a major inspiration for this remarkable trip.
Most of Wednesday was a travel day as we drove north through the Jordan Valley toward the Upper Galilee. When we arrived at our destination in the village of Al-Bi'na, we were literally swarmed by joyous family members, who quickly and graciously welcomed the members of our delegation. Shafic's uncle Hasan (his father's youngest and only surviving brother) introduced us to his many children and grandchildren and extended family members as we sat in a circle for a cursory "get to know each other" session. Then we sat down to a sumptuous lunch (above), where we continued to get to know each other some more. By the end of the meal, we felt as if we had become adopted members of the family.
After a visit to the former village of Al-Ghabsiyah (see my earlier post), we went to Shafic's cousin Dr. Abed's home in the nearby village of Al-Jedaidah for a dinner that lasted well into the wee hours of the evening. Tired but exhilarated, we were eventually put up in family members' homes for the night.
This was clearly an emotional visit for the entire family, not least for Shafic and Dima themselves. The Budrons have, quite understandably, experienced a myriad of emotions on this trip and during our Galilee sojourn in particular. This was, in fact, Dima's very first trip to Israel/Palestine. While she has visited her father's family several times in Lebanon, she has never visited her homeland until now. She tells me she has heard stories about her ancestral home from her parents and grandparents for years – and is overwhelmed to finally make the visit now as a young woman.
It has been a profound and emotional visit for our entire American Palestinian/Jewish delegation as well. As of now, the trip has officially wound down. Several members are already returning home and I am preparing to depart today. There's so much more to say, so many more experiences to describe. I'll do my best to share as many of them as I can after I return.
In my next and final post, I'll offer some concluding thoughts – and I have put out an open invitation to our members to share their thoughts with you as well. Suffice to say for now this has been a sacred journey – one that has strengthened our relationships with one another and our solidarity with those who devote their lives every day toward a just peace in Israel/Palestine.
More thoughts to come…
Hasan and Shafic say goodbye.
This entry was posted in Bil'in Solidarity Delegation 2013, Human Rights, Israel, Lebanon, Nakba, Palestine, Refugees on October 27, 2013 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.
Facing the Silence: On Reading Khirbet Khizeh
When I was twenty or so and living in Israel, I made a valiant attempt to plow my way through the classic 1949 Hebrew novella, Khirbet Khizeh by S. Yizhar. Alas, there was only so much a young American college student could really understand, but I persevered because I was just so eager to experience this seemingly radical counter-cultural work of Israeli literature.
Khirbet Khizeh, which painfully portrays an Israeli unit's expulsion of Palestinian villagers from their homes in 1948, has long been considered a seminal work in modern Israeli literature, fusing stream of consciousness style Hebrew with poetic Biblical literary allusions. Even more remarkable is the fact that despite its profoundly controversial subject matter, Khirbet Khizeh has generally been accepted as a classic by Israelis. Indeed, the book has long been included in Israeli high school curriculum and the the author himself went on to enjoy a long and distinguished career as a member of the Knesset.
So imagine my pleasant surprise to learn that almost thirty years later, the great Khirbet Khizeh has finally been published in English translation by a boutique press called Ibis Editions. And I must say that having just now finished it, I am all the more moved by its literary power and moral urgency.
At the same time, however, reading it today left me with a baffling set of resonances. How could a work of such abject moral outrage be widely considered as a classic in Israel? How could a society embrace a work such as this, and be so unwilling to face its essential message? (In Yizhar's words: "We came, we shot, we burned, we blew up, expelled, drove out and sent into exile.")
Witness the devastating conclusion of the novella, which is told from the point of view of a morally conflicted Israeli soldier who has just participated in the expulsion of Arab villagers from the fictional village of Khirbet Khizeh:
When they reached their place of exile night would already have fallen. Their clothing would be their only bedding. Fine. What could be done? The third truck began to rumble. Had some astrologer already seen in the conjuncture of the stars in the sky over the village or in some horoscope how things would turn out here? And what indifference there was in us, as if we had never been anything but peddlers of exile, and our hearts had coarsened in the process. But this was not the point either.
And how does it end?
The valley was calm. Somebody started talking about supper. Far away on this dirt track, close to what appeared to be its end, a distant, darkening swaying truck, in the manner of heavy trucks laden with fruit or produce or something, was gradually being swallowed up. Tomorrow, both painful humiliation and helpless rage would turn into a kind of casual irritation, shameful, but fading fast. Everything was suddenly so open. So big, so very big. And we had all become so small and insignificant. Soon a time would arise in the world when it would be good to come home from work, to return exhausted, to meet someone, or walk alone, to walk saying nothing. All around silence was falling, and very soon it would close upon the last circle. And when silence had closed in on everything and no man disturbed the stillness, which yearned noiselessly for what was beyond stillness – then God would come forth and descend to roam the valley, and see whether all was according to the cry that had reached him.
I am particularly taken by Yizhar's reference to silence – and how he subverts it with a final allusion to the anguished cries of Sodom and Gomorrah. Yizhar, who himself fought in the 1948 war as an intelligence officer, was already able to articulate a deep dark silence descending upon the land in the aftermath of those deep, dark days. Now over sixty years after the terrible events recorded in this novella, it seems that this silence has only deepened all the more.
So how could such a devastating book be considered to be an Israeli classic by Israelis? By any other yardstick, one might assume that such a work would be considered something of an underground novel. In a recent NY Times feature, Israeli author A.B. Yehoshua suggested that "there was no scandal" when it was written "because the society felt itself so just that it could absorb a critic."
I interpret his comment to mean that as the victorious party, Israel could certainly allow itself a bit of angst over how its victory was achieved. In this regard, you could well draw a straight line from Khirbet Khizeh to the deep moral challenges represented in works of contemporary Israeli writers such as Amos Oz or David Grossman, or films such as Waltz with Bashir or the just-released Lebanon.
In fact, the Hebrew term "shoot and cry" ("yorim u'vochim") was actually coined in the wake of the 1982 Lebanon war to describe this unique form of Israeli cultural angst, as if these powerful expressions of moral accounting could somehow erase the guilt of what Israel had perpetrated – and continues to perpetrate – against Palestinians.
And so in the end, despite all of the genuinely anguished soul-searching, we are still left with the terrifying silence. But ironically enough, whatever the statement Yizhar was intending to make with Khirbet Khizeh, whatever its literary/cultural legacy, I find that it still cries out with unbearable intensity.
(Click here to hear a very interesting and informative interview with co-translator Yaacob Dweck.)
This entry was posted in Books, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine on August 10, 2010 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.
Gaza One Year Later: Beyond the Complications
It was exactly one year ago that I read the first news accounts of Israel's military assault in Gaza:
Waves of Israeli airstrikes destroyed Hamas security facilities in Gaza on Saturday in a crushing response to the group's rocket fire, killing more than 225 — the highest one-day toll in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in decades…
(There) was a shocking quality to Saturday's attacks, which began in broad daylight as police cadets were graduating, women were shopping at the outdoor market, and children were emerging from school. The center of Gaza City was a scene of chaotic horror, with rubble everywhere, sirens wailing, and women shrieking as dozens of mutilated bodies were laid out on the pavement and in the lobby of Shifa Hospital so that family members could identify them. The dead included civilians, including several construction workers and at least two children in school uniforms.
By afternoon, shops were shuttered, funerals began and mourning tents were visible on nearly every major street of this densely populated city.
Previously, whenever I'd hear this kind of news out of Israel/Palestine, my shock and anguish would quickly be tempered by a familiar voice telling me to calm down, don't overreact, don't forget how terribly "complicated" the situation is. (Indeed, I recall hearing that voice distinctly three years earlier when the IDF responded to Hezbollah rocket attacks with a similarly massive military onslaught.)
This time, though, it was different. This time I didn't hear the voice. Somehow, it just didn't seem all that complicated to me any more.
This is what I wrote on my blog that day:
The news today out of Israel and Gaza makes me just sick to my stomach.
I know, I can already hear the responses: every nation has a responsibility to ensure the safety of its citizens. If the Qassams stopped, Israel wouldn't be forced to take military action. Hamas also bears responsibility for this tragic situation…
I could answer each and every one of these claims in turn, but I'm ready to stop this perverse game of rhetorical ping-pong. I don't buy the rationalizations any more. I'm so tired of the apologetics. How on earth will squeezing the life out of Gaza, not to mention bombing the living hell out of it, ensure the safety of Israeli citizens?
We good liberal Jews are ready to protest oppression and human-rights abuse anywhere in the world, but are all too willing to give Israel a pass. It's a fascinating double-standard, and one I understand all too well. I understand it because I've been just as responsible as anyone else for perpetrating it.
So no more rationalizations. What Israel has been doing to the people of Gaza is an outrage. It has brought neither safety nor security to the people of Israel and it has wrought nothing but misery and tragedy upon the people of Gaza.
There, I've said it. Now what do I do?
As I read this post one year later, I remember well the emotions I felt as I wrote it. I also realize what a critical turning point that moment represented for me.
As a Jew, I've identified deeply with Israel for my entire life. I first visited the country as a young child and since then I've been there more times that I can count. Family members and some of my dearest friends in the world live in Israel.
Ideologically speaking, I've regarded Zionism with great pride as the "national liberation movement of the Jewish people." Of course I didn't deny that this rebirth had come at the expense of another. Of course I recognized that Israel's creation was bound up with the suffering of the Palestinian people. The situation was, well, it was "complicated."
Last year, however, I reacted differently. I read of Apache helicopters dropping hundreds of tons of bombs on 1.5 million people crowded into a 140 square mile patch of land with nowhere to run. In the coming days, I would read about the bombing of schools, whole families being blown to bits, children literally burned to the bone with white phosphorous. Somehow, it didn't seem so complicated at all any more. At long last, it felt as if I was viewing the conflict with something approaching clarity.
Of course I think we'd all agree that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict is technically complicated. But at the same time I think we all know that at the end of the day, there is nothing complicated about persecution. The political situation in Darfur, for instance, is enormously complicated – but these complications certainly haven't stopped scores of Jews across North America from protesting the human rights injustices being committed there. We do so because we know that underneath all of the geopolitical complexities, oppression is oppression. And as Jews, we know instinctively that our sacred tradition and own tragic history require us to speak out against all oppression committed in our midst.
I'd suggest that if there is anything complicated for us here, it is in possibility that we might in fact have become oppressors ourselves. That is painfully complicated. After all, our Jewish identity has been bound up with the memory of our own persecution for centuries. How on earth can we respond – let alone comprehend – the suggestion that we've become our own worst nightmare?
More than anything else, this is was what I was trying to say in that anguished, emotional blog post one year ago: is this what it has come to? Have we come to the point in which Israel can wipe out hundreds of people, whole families, whole neighborhoods and our response as Jews will be to simply rationalize it away? At the very least will we able to stop and question what has brought us to this terrifying point? Have we become unable to recognize persecution for what it really and truly is?
Those who know me (or read my blog) surely know that it has been a painfully challenging year for me. My own relationship to Israel is changing in ways I never could have predicted. Since I started raising questions like those above, I've lost some friends and, yes, my congregation has lost some members. If Zionism is the unofficial religion of the contemporary Jewish community then I'm sure there are many who consider me something of an apostate.
But at the same time, I've been surprised and encouraged by the large number of people I've met who've been able to engage with these questions openly and honestly, even if they don't always agree with me. I suppose this is what I decided to do one year ago: to put my faith in our ability to stand down the paralyzing "complexities," no matter how painful the prospect.
One year later, I still hold tight to this faith.
This entry was posted in Gaza, Human Rights, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Peace, War, Zionism on December 28, 2009 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.
Gilad Shalit and the Sorrows of Tribalism
Not long ago I was asked by a friend: why are Israelis and Jews so fixated on the kidnapping of Gilad Shalit? With all of the crises and injustices being committed in the world, why is there such a hue and cry over this one particular man?
I answered that like all nations, Israel takes this kind of thing personally. I mentioned that just like many Jews in Israel and around the world, I also experienced Hamas' abduction of Gilad Shalit as an injustice committed against one of my own. Even as a Jew living in the comfort of my Evanston home, I felt a visceral sense of pain three years ago when I first heard the news of Shalit's kidnapping. Over time, my pain turned to anger as Hamas denied him Red Cross visits and refused to confirm (until only recently) whether he was even dead or alive.
I went on to compare Israel's trauma to the feeling of collective trauma we felt in our country in 1979, when Iranian militants took American embassy workers hostage: how violated our nation felt: how personally we identified with the hostages; how deeply we experienced the injustice of their imprisonment.
On a less tribal level, of course, I do understand that there was a deeper context to the hostage crisis. Underneath our feelings of personal violation were more challenging questions – questions few of us were prepared to ask out loud. Why, for instance, did we have so much concern over 53 fellow Americans, but not for countless other political prisoners around the world, many of them incarcerated by regimes actively supported by our nation?
In just the same way, I believe too few Jews even know – let alone protest – that while Hamas unjustly imprisons Shalit, Israel holds hundreds of Palestinians taken in operations that at best must be considered ethically dubious. While Israel defends its actions legally by terming these prisoners "enemy combatants," the hard truth remains that for decades Israel's security services have rounded up scores of Palestinians without charge and have imprisoned them indefinitely – in many cases for years.
Yes, many of the prisoners are undoubtedly guilty of plotting or carrying out violent acts against Israelis. Many of these incarcerations can surely be defended on grounds of security. But it has become impossible to ignore that Israel has also incarcerated considerable numbers of Palestinians who by any reasonable definition must be considered political prisoners.
(One recent case in point: many Jews are familiar with the case of Gilad Shalit, but I'm sure that far fewer know, for instance, about Abdallah Abu Rahmah, a Palestinian high school teacher and coordinator of the non-violent campaign in the West Bank village of Bil'in, who was arrested last week by the Israeli military. According to eyewitness accounts, Abu Rahmah was taken from his bed at 2:00 am in the presence of his wife and children.)
And so, beyond the emotions of tribalism, the question remains: will we ever be able to see past our own loyalties and find equal value in the lives of others – human beings who are just as eminently worthy of fair treatment, justice and dignity? And even more challenging: will we ever be ready to admit that the violence committed against us is often inspired in no small way by the injustices we ourselves have committed – and continue to commit?
To return to the Iranian hostage example: back in 1979, few Americans cared to even ask why their Iranian captors might have been so motivated to commit this act. Most of us were ignorant to the powerful significance of the American embassy for Iranians – that it was this very same embassy from which our nation had plotted the overthrow of Iran's democratically elected government in 1953. As it turned out, the regime we subsequently installed would persecute and unjustly imprison countless Iranian citizens over the next two decades.
So too in the case of Gilad Shalit. Few of us in the Jewish community are truly ready to examine the source of Gazan's fury toward Israel – a fury that has been building since long before Hamas even existed. Few of us are willing to face the history of Israel's oppressive policies in Gaza or the fact that Gazans have been living under an intolerable occupation for decades.
And even fewer of us even know that the overwhelming majority of the 1.5 million who live in Gaza belong to families that originally came from outside of Gaza – from towns and villages like Ashkelon and Beersheba – and were expelled from their homes by the Israeli military in 1948. Indeed, when I think of Gazan rage in 2009, I can't help but think of these chilling words by Moshe Dayan from back in 1956:
Who are we that we should bewail their mighty hatred of us? (They) sit in refugee camps in Gaza, and opposite their gaze we appropriate for ourselves as our own portion the land and the villages in which they and their fathers dwelled.
The history of Gaza is indeed a tragic one – and yes, Israel's oppression of its population is a critical part of this tragedy. Unless we take the time to understand this history – and our part in it – I don't believe we can even begin to pretend there is a way out of this conflict.
To be clear: understanding the source of Gazans feelings toward Israel does not mean condoning their actions. Hamas' imprisonment of Gilad Shalit is barbaric. As a fellow Jew, I grieve for Shalit and I pray for his safe return. But at the same time, I cannot look away from the more painful realities that led to his capture in the first place, and I truly believe that until we make an honest effort to face and address these realities, there will invariably be more Gilad Shalits in Israel's future.
Following Israel's military campaign in Lebanon in the summer of 2006, journalist Amira Hass wrote these powerful words in Ha'aretz. I believe she presents us with a profound model of an Israeli who is able to hold her own concern for her people together with a willingness to face the truth of the injustices perpetrated her nation. Her words are doubly tragic as we now approach the one-year anniversary of Israel's military campaign in Gaza:
We are justly concerned about the welfare of northern residents, proud of their fortitude, understand those who leave, are shocked by the death of each person and by every rocket hit, and identify with those suffering from anxiety. Take what the northern residents have been going through for a month, multiply it by 1,000, add an economic blockade, power and water cuts, and no wages. This is how the Palestinians in the Gaza Strip have been "living" for the past six years.
The Israelis allow their army to continue destroying, trampling and killing in the Palestinian territories. Here, like in Lebanon, the real intelligence and security failure is Israel's ignoring the extent of our uninhibited, unrestrained devastation and their amazing power of human endurance. This is why Israel has delusions of "victories." If the homemade rockets are still being fired at Sderot despite the Palestinians' extensive suffering, it is because they have concluded, correctly, that Israel's destruction power is not intended to stop Qassam rockets – or to free Gilad Shalit. It is intended to force them to accept a surrender arrangement, which they reject not with military victories but with their power of endurance.
This entry was posted in Gaza, Human Rights, Iran, Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Politics, Refugees, War on December 15, 2009 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.
Dancing Around Bashir
"Waltz With Bashir" has been racking up the prizes. In addition to a slew of international awards, it was awarded Best Picture by the National Society of Film Ciritics, Best Foreign Film at the Golden Globes, and it seems to have the inside track on the same award at the Oscars this Sunday night. But as "Bashir" amasses its acclaim, some observers are frankly critiquing the film against Israel's painful present-day reality.
In a recent Nation article, Israeli author Liel Liebovitz wonders why the Israeli public has so thoroughly embraced this fiercely anti-war statement (enough to vote it as their third-favorite Israeli film of all time) while ignoring its "harrowing lessons" through its strong support of their government's military actions against Gaza.
Liebovitz concludes that "Bashir's" popularity not withstanding, Israel is sadly disregarding director Ari Folman's powerfully moral vision – particularly in light of the recent elections:
Israel of today is not Ari Folman's. It is Avigdor Lieberman's and Benjamin Netanyahu's, the country of the countless men and women crying out for revenge. As we root for Waltz with Bashir, if we want to truly honor that film's message, let us never forget that. Otherwise, all we have is just a pretty animated film.
Journalist Naira Antoun, writing in the Electronic Intifada comes to a similar conclusion:
(We) are reminded of the psychologist's comment near the start of the film: "We don't go to places we don't want to. Memory takes us where we want to go." Perhaps this explains how at the same time that Gaza was being decimated, Israel heaped acclaim and awards on Waltz with Bashir; in addition to numerous international awards, the film scooped up six awards at the Israeli Film Academy. Indeed, the same Israelis who flocked to see the film gave their enthusiastic approval to Operation Cast Lead in Gaza. According to a poll released on 14 January by Tel Aviv University, a staggering 94 percent of Israeli Jews supported or strongly supported the operation.
As a Palestinian viewer, however, Antoun goes even farther than Liebovitz: she faults the film for rendering Palestinians essentially invisible:
There is nothing interesting or new in the depiction of Palestinians — they have no names, they don't speak, they are anonymous. But they are not simply faceless victims. Instead, the victims in the story that Waltz with Bashir tells are Israeli soldiers. Their anguish, their questioning, their confusion, their pain — it is this that is intended to pull us…We don't see Palestinian facial expressions; only a lingering on dead, anonymous faces. So while Palestinians are never fully human, Israelis are, and indeed are humanized through the course of the film.
Among other things, I think these reviews illuminate the painful difficulties inherent in making an anti-war statement while the war is still raging. A sad anecdote: a congregant recently told me that when she saw the film, a screaming match erupted in the audience after it ended. Apparently someone screamed "That's Gaza!" to which another responded "Shut up!" and on it went…
And on it goes…
Update 2/23/09: Thanks to Eric for forwarding this devastating Ha'aretz piece re "Bashir" by (who else?) Gideon Levy.
This entry was posted in Israel, Lebanon, Movies, Palestine, War on February 20, 2009 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.
Brit Tzedek Hits the Hill
Just returned from DC and an invigorating few days with Brit Tzedek v'Shalom's Advocacy Days on Capitol Hill. Anyone who supports a Pro-Israel, Pro-Peace policy should take heart in knowing that more than 150 activists from all over the country devoted themselves to in-depth briefings and advocacy training before fanning across the Hill to visit the offices of House reps and senators, encouraging our leaders to redouble their efforts toward a two-state solution. (If you will allow me a shameless brag, JRC provided ten participants – far and away the most from any one congregation and comprising the overwhelming majority of Illinois constituents. A sampling of JRC'ers above, from left to right: Michael Peshkin, moi, Jan Yourist and Mark Zivin.)
It currently is a time of tentative hope in the region. A fragile cease-fire has been brokered between Israel and Hamas, talks are continuing between Syria and Israel, and there are also encouraging signs of hope coming out of Lebanon. Sadly, the US is nowhere is be seen in these efforts. (The negotiations with Hamas, Syria and Lebanon were brokered by Egypt, Turkey and Qatar, respectively). On this issue, Israel's Defense Minister Ehud Barak was quoted recently in Ha'aretz regarding negotiations with Syria:
I don't think we will have negotiations before the end of this year without the contribution of the Americans, who, alone, can help bridge the gaps.
The plain truth is that no lasting negotiation between Israel and its neighbors has ever happened without an active mediating effort by the US. Sadly, the Annapolis talks are barely limping along – and despite Bush's rosy prognostications, no one in his/her right mind could claim that anything resembling a negotiated settlement will emerge before time runs out on the current administration.
Our message to our national leaders was simple: Congress needs to urge our new administration to make peace between Israel and Palestine a real priority from day one. Time is running out – and we simply cannot afford another President who waits until the waning days of his presidency to become actively engaged in the peace process.
Our Congressional visits were encouraging – but the true test is yet to come. The latest polls tell us that 87% of American Jewry support a negotiated two-state solution. If this is true, then American Jews need to be unflagging in our efforts to encourage our leaders to take the specific and painful steps to make this a reality.
Indeed, there's nothing novel about advocating for a two-state solution per se. What is needed now for leaders to be explicit on the steps needed to make this happen. A preliminary laundry list: the appointment of a special envoy for this exclusive purpose, an unequivocal demand for an end to Israeli settlements on the West Bank and East Jerusalem, and stronger Palestinian efforts to maintain security in the territories.
In the current political climate it will take real bravery for American politicians to take these kinds of public positions. But the strong majority of American Jews who are committed to a real and lasting peace must do what we can to give our leaders the cover to provide this kind of leadership. I'm enormously proud that Brit Tzedek is leading the charge in this effort.
This entry was posted in Israel, Lebanon, Palestine, Peace, Politics, Syria on June 25, 2008 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.
Waltz with Bashir
The new animated Israeli feature, "Waltz with Bashir" premiered at the Cannes Film Festival last week to extremely positive reviews and I must say I am REALLY looking forward to seeing this one. Directed by Israeli documentarian Ari Folman (one of the writers of the HBO series, "In Treatment"), "Waltz" is largely based on actual interviews with 1982 Lebanon war veterans – and Folman's personal memory of the Sabra/Shatilla massacre of Palestinian civilians.
According to one review:
I'm going to go out on a limb here and say that I wouldn't be surprised to see Waltz with Bashir show up on the slate at Telluride in September, and even less so to see it wind up with an Oscar nod come January. Folman has made a beautiful, disturbing and deeply compelling film that documents the horrors to which he and his friends were witnesses, while offering hope that he and others might, some day, heal from the ravages of war. While it's too much to hope that this or any film might have an impact in the real world that could put an end to mankind's seemingly endless capacity to hurt one another, films like Waltz with Bashir offer us the opportunity to learn about and from history. If those who don't learn from history are doomed to repeat it, perhaps those who do might, eventually, build a world where such atrocities no longer exist.
From the looks of the trailer above, "Waltz" looks to be one of the most original and significant Israeli feature films in recent memory. It is scheduled to open in Israel on June 5. Here's hoping it travels stateside soon.
This entry was posted in Israel, Lebanon, Movies, War on May 21, 2008 by Rabbi Brant Rosen.

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INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MQ', E'Martinika');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MU', E'Mawrikiý');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MR', E'Mawritaniýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'YT', E'Maýotta');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MX', E'Meksika');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'IM', E'Men adasy');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'CF', E'Merkezi Afrika Respublikasy');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'FM', E'Mikroneziýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MD', E'Moldowa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MC', E'Monako');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MN', E'Mongoliýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MS', E'Monserrat');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'ME', E'Montenegro');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MZ', E'Mozambik');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'EG', E'Müsür');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MM', E'Mýanma (Burma)');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NA', E'Namibiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NR', E'Nauru');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NP', E'Nepal');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NL', E'Niderlandlar');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NE', E'Niger');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NG', E'Nigeriýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NI', E'Nikaragua');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NU', E'Niue');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NF', E'Norfolk adasy');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NO', E'Norwegiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'OM', E'Oman');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'AF', E'Owganystan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'UZ', E'Özbegistan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PK', E'Pakistan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PW', E'Palau');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PS', E'Palestina territoriýasy');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PA', E'Panama');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PG', E'Papua - Täze Gwineýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PY', E'Paragwaý');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PE', E'Peru');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PN', E'Pitkern adalary');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PL', E'Polşa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PT', E'Portugaliýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PR', E'Puerto-Riko');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'RE', E'Reýunýon');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'CX', E'Roždestwo adasy');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'RW', E'Ruanda');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'RO', E'Rumyniýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'RU', E'Russiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SV', E'Salwador');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'WS', E'Samoa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SM', E'San-Marino');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'ST', E'San-Tome we Prinsipi');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SA', E'Saud Arabystany');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'BL', E'Sen-Bartelemi');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'MF', E'Sen-Marten');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'PM', E'Sen-Pýer we Mikelon');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SN', E'Senegal');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'KN', E'Sent-Kits we Newis');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'LC', E'Sent-Lýusiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'VC', E'Sent-Winsent we Grenadinler');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'RS', E'Serbiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SC', E'Seýşel adalary');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SG', E'Singapur');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SX', E'Sint-Marten');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SY', E'Siriýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SK', E'Slowakiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SI', E'Sloweniýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SB', E'Solomon adalary');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SO', E'Somali');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SD', E'Sudan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SR', E'Surinam');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SL', E'Sýerra-Leone');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SJ', E'Şpisbergen we Ýan-Maýen');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'LK', E'Şri-Lanka');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'SE', E'Şwesiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'CH', E'Şweýsariýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TZ', E'Tanzaniýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TH', E'Taýland');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TW', E'Taýwan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TC', E'Terks we Kaýkos adalary');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TJ', E'Täjigistan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NC', E'Täze Kaledoniýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'NZ', E'Täze Zelandiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TL', E'Timor-Leste');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TG', E'Togo');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TK', E'Tokelau');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TO', E'Tonga');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TT', E'Trinidad we Tobago');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TN', E'Tunis');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TV', E'Tuwalu');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TR', E'Türkiýe');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'TM', E'Türkmenistan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'UG', E'Uganda');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'UA', E'Ukraina');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'WF', E'Uollis we Futuna');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'UY', E'Urugwaý');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'VU', E'Wanuatu');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'VA', E'Watikan');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'VE', E'Wenesuela');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'HU', E'Wengriýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'VN', E'Wýetnam');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'IQ', E'Yrak');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'IL', E'Ysraýyl');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'JM', E'Ýamaýka');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'JP', E'Ýaponiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'YE', E'Ýemen');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'ZM', E'Zambiýa');
INSERT INTO "list" ("id", "value") VALUES (E'ZW', E'Zimbabwe');


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We offer products for your OR, Labor & Delivery, SPD, Nursery, Anesthesia and Central Supply. Within those departments our product lines provide solutions for storage, traditional and green lighting, patient care and surgical cleaning & sterilization.
Please contact us at Craig at ams-colorado.com or call us at 303.797.6123.


text:
---
layout: post
title:  "openstack4j集成Openstack问题及样例代码"
data:   2017-09-06 14:31:48
categories: openstack
tags: openstack openstack4j 云计算
---

* content
{:toc}

## 参考资料
- 官方地址:http://www.openstack4j.com/
- 发布包地址:http://search.maven.org/
- github地址:https://github.com/ContainX/openstack4j/

## 集成步骤
分为mavan集成方式和直接集成方式,这里采用直接集成的方式,其他集成方式看官方文档。
## 版本支持
* OpenStack4j 3.0.X - Java 7 (JDK 8 preferred)
* OpenStack4j 2.0.X - Java 7

## 集成代码参考

```
import java.util.List;

import org.openstack4j.api.OSClient.OSClientV2;
import org.openstack4j.api.OSClient.OSClientV3;
import org.openstack4j.model.common.Identifier;
import org.openstack4j.model.compute.Server;
import org.openstack4j.model.identity.v3.User;
import org.openstack4j.model.image.Image;
import org.openstack4j.openstack.OSFactory;

import org.openstack4j.api.OSClient.OSClientV2;
import org.openstack4j.api.OSClient.OSClientV3;
import org.openstack4j.model.common.Identifier;
import org.openstack4j.model.compute.Server;
import org.openstack4j.model.identity.v3.User;
import org.openstack4j.model.image.Image;
import org.openstack4j.openstack.OSFactory;

/**
 * Created by zhangqk on 2017/8/24.
 */
public class Test {

    OSClientV2 clientV2 = null;
    OSClientV3 clientV3 = null;
    /**
     * @param args
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        OSClientV2 os = new Test().getClientV2();
        OSClientV2 os = new Test().getClientV2100();
//		OSClientV3 os = new Test().getClientV3();
//		List<Server> servers = (List<Server>) os.compute().servers().list();
        List<Image> images = (List<Image>) os.images().list();
        for (Image image : images) {
            System.out.println("镜像名称:"+image.getName());
        }
//		if(servers.size() > 0){
//			for(Server server:servers){
//				System.out.println("主机名字:"+server.getName());
//			}
//		}
        System.out.println("finsh");
    }

    public OSClientV2 getClientV2(){
        if(clientV2 == null){
            clientV2 = OSFactory.builderV2()
//                    .endpoint("http://10.10.110.100:5000/v2.0")
//                    .credentials("admin","admin")
//                    .tenantName("admin")
//                    .authenticate();
                    .endpoint("http://192.168.56.122:5000/v2.0")
                    .credentials("admin","password")
                    .tenantName("admin")
                    .authenticate();
        }
        return clientV2;
    }

    public OSClientV2 getClientV2100(){
        if(clientV2 == null){
            clientV2 = OSFactory.builderV2()
//                    .endpoint("http://10.10.110.100:5000/v2.0")
//                    .credentials("admin","admin")
//                    .tenantName("admin")
//                    .authenticate();
                    .endpoint("http://192.168.56.122:5000/v2.0")
                    .credentials("admin","password")
                    .tenantName("admin")
                    .authenticate();
        }
        return clientV2;
    }

    public OSClientV3 getClientV3(){
        Identifier domainIdentifier = Identifier.byId("default");
        if (clientV3 == null) {
            OSFactory.enableHttpLoggingFilter(true);
            clientV3 = OSFactory.builderV3()
//                    .endpoint("http://openstack_vip:5000/v3")
                    .endpoint("http://192.168.56.122:5000/v3")
//					.endpoint("http://10.10.110.87:35357/v3")
                    .credentials("admin","password",domainIdentifier)
                    .authenticate();
        }
        return clientV3;
    }

}

```

## 问题及解决
### java-jdk版本不支持
#### 错误描述

```
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.UnsupportedClassVersionError: org/openstack4j/model/common/Identifier : Unsupported major.minor version 51.0
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass1(Native Method)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClassCond(ClassLoader.java:631)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.defineClass(ClassLoader.java:615)
	at java.security.SecureClassLoader.defineClass(SecureClassLoader.java:141)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.defineClass(URLClassLoader.java:283)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.access$000(URLClassLoader.java:58)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader$1.run(URLClassLoader.java:197)
	at java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(Native Method)
	at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:190)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:306)
	at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:301)
	at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:247)
	at Test.testv3(Test.java:38)
	at Test.main(Test.java:24)
```

#### 解决办法
使用jdk1.8版本

以下是各版本对应的小版本号:
- Java SE 9 = 53 (0x35 hex),
- Java SE 8 = 52 (0x34 hex),
- Java SE 7 = 51 (0x33 hex),
- Java SE 6.0 = 50 (0x32 hex),
- Java SE 5.0 = 49 (0x31 hex),
- JDK 1.4 = 48 (0x30 hex),
- JDK 1.3 = 47 (0x2F hex),
- JDK 1.2 = 46 (0x2E hex),
- JDK 1.1 = 45 (0x2D hex).

### java-jdk版本不支持
#### 错误描述
```
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: com/google/common/collect/Lists
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.identity.v3.domain.KeystoneAuth$AuthIdentity.<init>(KeystoneAuth.java:105)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.identity.v3.domain.KeystoneAuth$AuthIdentity.createCredentialType(KeystoneAuth.java:119)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.identity.v3.domain.KeystoneAuth.<init>(KeystoneAuth.java:52)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.client.OSClientBuilder$ClientV3.authenticate(OSClientBuilder.java:165)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.client.OSClientBuilder$ClientV3.authenticate(OSClientBuilder.java:128)
	at Test.testv3(Test.java:39)
	at Test.main(Test.java:24)
```
#### 解决办法
下载对应的依赖包,包括(2.21,3.0。4)
* 下载地址:https://jar-download.com/?detail_search=a%3A%22openstack4j%22&a=openstack4j
*

### openstack不是原生的,厂商做了更改,正在解决
#### 错误描述
```
SLF4J: Failed to load class "org.slf4j.impl.StaticLoggerBinder".
SLF4J: Defaulting to no-operation (NOP) logger implementation
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#StaticLoggerBinder for further details.
Exception in thread "main" ConnectionException{message=URI does not specify a valid host name: http:/v1/images/detail, status=0}
	at org.openstack4j.connectors.resteasy.HttpExecutorServiceImpl.invoke(HttpExecutorServiceImpl.java:56)
	at org.openstack4j.connectors.resteasy.HttpExecutorServiceImpl.execute(HttpExecutorServiceImpl.java:30)
	at org.openstack4j.core.transport.internal.HttpExecutor.execute(HttpExecutor.java:51)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.internal.BaseOpenStackService$Invocation.execute(BaseOpenStackService.java:208)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.internal.BaseOpenStackService$Invocation.execute(BaseOpenStackService.java:202)
	at org.openstack4j.openstack.image.internal.ImageServiceImpl.list(ImageServiceImpl.java:44)
	at com.sgcc.sgcloud.Test.main(Test.java:26)
Caused by: org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException: URI does not specify a valid host name: http:/v1/images/detail
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.determineTarget(AbstractHttpClient.java:766)
	at org.apache.http.impl.client.AbstractHttpClient.execute(AbstractHttpClient.java:754)
	at org.jboss.resteasy.client.core.executors.ApacheHttpClient4Executor.execute(ApacheHttpClient4Executor.java:182)
	at org.jboss.resteasy.client.ClientRequest.execute(ClientRequest.java:438)
	at org.jboss.resteasy.client.ClientRequest.httpMethod(ClientRequest.java:688)
	at org.jboss.resteasy.client.ClientRequest.httpMethod(ClientRequest.java:694)
	at org.openstack4j.connectors.resteasy.HttpCommand.execute(HttpCommand.java:65)
	at org.openstack4j.connectors.resteasy.HttpExecutorServiceImpl.invokeRequest(HttpExecutorServiceImpl.java:61)
	at org.openstack4j.connectors.resteasy.HttpExecutorServiceImpl.invoke(HttpExecutorServiceImpl.java:54)
	... 6 more
```
#### 解决办法

### xxx
#### 错误描述

```

```

#### 解决办法

### xxx
#### 错误描述

```

```

#### 解决办法


text:
Институт народной медицины находится в Тхимпху, Бутан, на вершине холма возле Бутанского музея текстиля и Национальной библиотеки.

Оказывает медицинские услуги, обучает врачей и проводит исследования лекарственных растений для разработки новых лекарственных средств. В институте имеется библиотека, которую начали собирать в 1616 году с момента введения в Бутане тибетского буддизма. Книги и рецепты были взяты в монастырях, где учёные сохранили медицинские знания.

История

В 1967 году король поручил департаменту здравоохранения создать систему народной медицины на благо народа Бутана и сохранения традиционной бутанской культуры. 28 июня 1968 года в Деченчолинге была открыта «местная амбулатория», в которой работали врачи, обучавшиеся в Тибете. В 1979 году она была переведена на нынешнее место в Тхимпху и переименована в Национальную местную больницу, а в 1988 году в Национальный институт народной медицины. Параллельно по всей стране открывались меньшие по размерам медицинские центры, и к 2001 году они стали доступны во всех районах Бутана. Эти центры были интегрированы в национальную систему здравоохранения и прикреплены к районным больницам. Одним из основателей института был Друнгчо Пема Дорджи.

Здравоохранение

В институте лечат с помощью лекарств, изготовленных по народным рецептам из минералов, животных, драгоценных металлов и камней, а также растений. Как правило, во время курса лечения пациент должен воздерживаться от употребления мяса и алкоголя. Ежегодно более 40 тысяч пациентов лечатся в институте, находящемся в Тхимпху. А по всей стране в центрах народной медицины лечатся более 100 тысяч человек в год.

Обучение и исследовательская работа

Институт готовит врачей в области народной медицины. Для получения степени бакалавра врачи учатся 5 лет, а фармацевты 3 года. К 2004 году институт подготовил 38 дипломированных выпускников, большинство из которых работают в институте.

Фармацевтический и научно-исследовательский отделы производят 103 необходимых для изготовления лекарств ингредиента и занимаются выращиванием лекарственных растений.

См. также
 Список музеев Бутана

Примечания

Больницы по алфавиту
Больницы Бутана
Институты по алфавиту
Научные институты Бутана
Медицинские высшие учебные заведения
Высшие учебные заведения Бутана
Организации, основанные в 1968 году
1616 год
Тхимпху

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Q: Optimizar BackTracking estoy intentando optimizar este algoritmo backtracking que me tarda 400ms en ejecutarse.
¿Alguna recomendación para mejorar tiempo de ejecución de este algoritmo?
Test:
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args){

    BackTracking a = new BackTracking();
    List b = a.recursividad(0,new ArrayList(),new TreeSet(),new TreeSet());
    System.out.println("Soluciones: "+b.size());
    for(List c : b){
        System.out.println(c);
    }

}
}

Reinas:
public class Reina {
private Integer y;
private Integer x;

public Reina(int x, int y) {
    this.x = x;
    this.y = y;
}

public Integer getY() {
    return y;
}
public Integer getX() {
    return x;
}

public Integer getDiagonalPrincipal(){
    return y-x;
}
public Integer getDiagonalSecundaria(){
    return y+x;
}

@Override
public String toString() {
    return "[" + x + ","+ y + "]";
}

}

BackTracking:
public class BackTracking {

public Integer reinas = 4;
private List> resultado = new ArrayList>();
public List> recursividad(Integer x,List yOcupadas,Set diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,Set diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas){

    if(x == reinas){

        //Posibles soluciones
        List lista = new ArrayList(); //Creo una lista con las posiciones actuales
        for(int i=0;i<"reinas";i++){
            lista.add(new Reina(i, yOcupadas.get(i)));
        }
        if(getNumeroDeConflictos(lista) == 0){ //Compruebo si esa lista es valida
            Integer i = 0;
            if(!resultado.containsAll(lista)){ //Si no esta en la solucion la lista, la a�ado
                    resultado.add(i, lista);
                    i++;
                }
            }

        }else{
            for(Integer a : getAlternativa(x,yOcupadas,diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas)){ //Las alternativas

                yOcupadas.add(a);
                calculaPropiedadesDerivadas(yOcupadas,diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas);

                recursividad(x+1, yOcupadas,diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas);

                yOcupadas.remove(yOcupadas.size()-1);
                calculaPropiedadesDerivadas(yOcupadas,diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas);
        }
    }
    return resultado;

}

private void calculaPropiedadesDerivadas(List yOcupadas,Set diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,Set diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas){
    diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas = new HashSet<>();
    diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas = new HashSet<>();
    for(int x=0; x < yOcupadas.size();x++){
        diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas.add(yOcupadas.get(x)-x);
        diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas.add(yOcupadas.get(x)+x);
    }
}

public List getAlternativa(Integer x,List yOcupadas,Set diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas,Set diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas){
    Stream s = IntStream
            .range(0, reinas)
            .filter(y -> !yOcupadas.contains(y)
                    && !diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas.contains(y-x)
                    && !diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas.contains(y+x)
                    )
            .boxed();
    return s.collect(Collectors.toList());
}

public Integer getNumeroDeConflictos(List ls){
    Set diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas = new HashSet<>();
    Set diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas = new HashSet<>();
    for(Reina r:ls){
        diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas.add(r.getY()-r.getX());
        diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas.add(r.getY()+r.getX());
    }
    return 2*reinas
            - diagonalesPrincipalesOcupadas.size()
            -diagonalesSecundariasOcupadas.size();
}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


MINNEAPOLIS – December 5, 2018 – Arcserve, LLC, the world's most experienced data protection provider, has appointed Sue Fossnes as North American Channel Director. Fossnes is an industry veteran with 20 years of experience building and growing channel programs that create both short and long-term business impact. She will be responsible for the development, implementation and measurement of new and existing channel programs, including associated partner incentives, to drive bookings and pipeline growth.


text:
Q: How to identify class stereotypes for use case scenario? How to identify class stereotypes for use case scenario?
I have my use case scenario. But Identifying class stereotypes means?

A: Class stereotypes does not mean the UML term stereotype but to find "something that fits" in this context. So the class Purchase would come to mind here (re. your commented picture).


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