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The best gaming smartphones in 2020
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Authored by: Antoine Engels 1 month ago
A 144 Hz display, great-sounding speakers, and a powerful state-of-the-art SoC. Gaming smartphones represent a niche market that is still struggling to find appeal amongst the general public. While they share some characteristics with "normal" high-end smartphones, the adjective "gaming" is more than just a marketing ploy. NextPit is here to help you make your choice with this arbitrary yet scalable list of the best gaming smartphones to enjoy in 2020 according to your budget.
Editor's Choice: Asus ROG Phone 3: The best gaming smartphone in 2020
The best gaming smartphones recommended by NextPit in 2020
RedMagic 5S: The more affordable high-end alternative
Lenovo Legion Duel: The coolest gaming smartphone
NextPit's alternatives for a more affordable and/or more discreet smartphone gaming experience
Realme X50: Mid-range performance with 120 Hz
OnePlus 8T: The gaming smartphone that isn't a gaming smartphone
What can we expect from a gaming smartphone in 2020?
Refresh rate and touch sampling rate
Cooling and thermal throttling system
How did NextPit select the best gaming smartphone of 2020?
Are gaming smartphones still too niche?
144 Hz screen, Snapdragon 865+, 16 GB RAM - Isn't that a bit "too much"?
Gaming modes on smartphone: Does it work?
Editor's Choice: Asus ROG Phone 3, the Best Smartphone Gaming in 2020
As with every other comparison that involves a list of the best smartphones, this is a personal choice of the author, who in this case would be me. This choice has obviously been debated among the editorial staff prior to publishing and I will therefore furnish you with my colleagues' recommendations should their opinion differ from mine.
The Asus ROG Phone 3 is the best gaming smartphone on the market in 2020. / © NextPit
Snapdragon 865+ SoC and 12 /16 GB RAM
144 Hz OLED screen
270 Hz tactile sampling rate
6,000 mAh battery
Advanced interface and control centre
Very precise haptic triggers
Solid design
Decent camera configuration
Too many unnecessary accessories
"Only" 30 watts charging
Amazon UK ASUS ROG Gaming Phone 3 £930.36 Go To Shop
The Asus ROG Phone 3 is a high-end smartphone that is gaming-oriented. It has virtually everything it needs to power your portable gaming experience: for a full-blown flagship that boasts of a 6.59-inch AMOLED display with a 144 Hz refresh rate, a Qualcomm Snapdragon 865+ SoC coupled with 12 GB or 16 GB of RAM, as well as a 6,000 mAh battery.
It has sold for £999 ever since its launch on July 22, which is still significantly cheaper than many of the other available high-end smartphones on the market today that are similar or worse, less well-equipped.
Its cooling system works in tandem with an enlarged ventilation chamber - which is an improvement over the ROG Phone 2, accompanied by a special graphite coating that helps limit overheating even during the lengthiest gaming sessions. I never noticed any thermal throttling happening during my tests nor in my daily usage pattern, even though I now use it as my main portable gaming console (while waiting to buy a PS5 in 2021).
The interface is also particularly interesting in terms of management and customisation when it concerns the performance of the ROG Phone 3. The "Armoury Crate" menu happens to be a true control centre that provides you with unique control over the operational aspects of the device (fan speed, CPU core timing, RAM management) by creating different presets for each game, if you wish.
The Armoury Crate of the ROG Phone 3 is an ultra-complete control centre. / © NextPit
The X mode which boosts performance is also very effective as you can see the difference when enjoying your game as well as in graphical benchmark results. Coupled with the attachable external fan via USB-C, you can really play for hours on end without ever feeling the temperature rise in your hands.
The 144 Hz AMOLED display also features a touch-sampling rate (the number of times the smartphone records finger contact per second) of 270 Hz and a response time of 1 millisecond. This provides an absolutely decisive advantage in terms of the smoothness courtesy of the speed of execution of touch commands which will certainly help you greatly in multiplayer games.
One of the only actual drawbacks of the Asus ROG Phone 3 would be the rather inconvenient placement of the USB-C port on the bottom right-hand side. It's a real shame about the ergonomics of a handset that you'll be holding in landscape mode most of the time.
Of course, you can plug an external fan on the left side (which is at the bottom when you hold the smartphone horizontally) where it boasts of a USB-C port and a 3.5mm jack. However, this is far from the optimal placement.
The external fan of the Asus ROG Phone 3 has a USB-C and 3.5mm jack adapter. / © NextPit
You can read the complete Asus ROG Phone 3 review by NextPit here
The best gaming smartphones that NextPit recommends in 2020
If I mention "smartphone gaming", it is not for nothing at all. Hence, I am going to talk about models that were explicitly designed for mobile gaming purposes. Logically, these are very high-end models, with premium specification sheets boasting of top-notch hardware. In order to offer a selection suitable for all budgets, I will therefore also list some other alternatives, although do not expect those to reside on the high-end spectrum.
RedMagic 5S: the more affordable alternative to the Asus ROG Phone 3
The RedMagic 5S is the best alternative to the Asus ROG Phone 3 for a gaming smartphone in 2020. / © NextPit
Snapdragon 865 SoC and 8 GB/12 GB RAM
Tactile sampling rate of 240 Hz
Efficient temperature control
Complete game boost mode
Its price
55 watts fast charging capability
Camera module is average
The "rustic" interface
Amazon UK Nubia Red Magic 5G Gaming Phone £469.00 Go To Shop
A Snapdragon 865 chipset, a 144 Hz AMOLED screen, up to 12 GB of RAM, UFS 3.1 storage, a 64 MP triple camera setup, haptic triggers, and a 4,500 mAh battery - what is there not to love about the RedMagic 5S? The RedMagic 5S is a real powerhouse that retails for less than £600. The basic version, 8GB of RAM/128GB has been available since September 2nd for in Europe. A 12GB/256GB version is also available.
If you are looking for an affordable flagship that retails for less than £600, there are obviously better alternatives like the OnePlus 8T or the Xiaomi Mi 10T Pro. But this is clearly not the market that ZTE subsidiary Nubia is targeting with the RedMagic 5S. This smartphone fully assumes the gaming role and has invested a fair amount of effort into fulfilling this role. In terms of performance and customisation of the gaming experience, we can declare it to be a success.
The RedMagic is also cheaper than the other market leaders in the gaming segment such as the ROG Phone 3 or the BlackShark 3 Pro.
The raw performance of the Snapdragon 865 chipset is obvious and I was really impressed by the efficiency of the temperature control. The smartphone remained almost as cold as ice even after an hour of playing Call of Duty Mobile in high graphics settings.
The cooling system in this model is "version 4.0", as Nubia has christened it. The internal fan, liquid cooling coil, and graphite materials are part of the deal, just as the one found on the RedMagic 5G, but there is a new silver plate on the back of the device that helps facilitate heat transfer when using the Ice Dock device (an external fan accessory).
The interface still requires some fine-tuning but the control centre is a complete success when it comes to software implementation. In addition to tracking and setting the CPU and other clock speeds, the Game Boost menu also offers a digital wellness feature that helps track your game time. Depending on your game time statistics, the smartphone may suggest for you to take a break. An abhorrent idea for any self-respecting mobile gamer, but it is still a welcome option nonetheless.
The Game Boost Menu on the Nubia RedMagic 5S is its biggest highlight. / © NextPit
The triggers are purely haptic, but their sensitivity is extremely accurate thanks to a tactile sampling rate of 320 Hz. Game Boost also offers other options which tend to be cool although they do not really add much in terms of functionality and usefulness.
For example, you can activate an aiming assistance mode, which permanently displays a crosshair on the screen. It's extremely handy when it comes to FPS titles that it could look like cheating to me. But I'm not going to complain about it.
It's cheating! / © NextPit
The biggest flaw in this smartphone is undoubtedly the power button that is located under the volume knob when holding the device in landscape mode, which happens to be common on other smartphones but particularly hinders the use of the RedMagic 5S when one is about to indulge in some gaming. Not only does this button interfere with the "clips" to attach to your PS4 or Xbox One controller, but it will also lock your smartphone when you attempt to attach the "Ice Dock", which is an external fan.
But overall, Nubia's RedMagic 5S is a great and more affordable alternative to the Asus ROG Phone 3, if gaming happens to be your main criteria when purchasing a new smartphone.
The poor button placement of the RedMagic 5S is its biggest flaw. / © NextPit
You can read the full RedMagic 5S review by NextPit here
Lenovo Legion Duel: the coolest gaming smartphone in 2020
The Lenovo Legion Duel is the most stylish gaming smartphone on the market in 2020. / © NextPit
Still being reviewed
Snapdragon 865+ SoC and 12 GB/16 GB RAM
Pop-up camera module
65 watts fast charging
Interface and control centre not advanced enough
Lock button placement
Released on October 15, 2020, the Lenovo Legion Duel is the second smartphone on the market to feature the powerful Snapdragon 865+ chipset, similar to the Asus ROG Phone 3.
I am currently polishing and completing the review of this smartphone. But I can already say that this is the coolest gaming smartphone of the year. It was clearly designed for gamers as well as gaming content creators with its 20 MP "pop up" camera module (a motorised option that failed to gain traction in the past).
It makes perfect sense of having a retractable front camera that enables you to take full advantage of the 6.65-inch AMOLED screen with a 144 Hz refresh rate alongside a 240 Hz touch-sampling rate without any notches getting in the way! This is a big plus when it comes to immersion. This pop-up camera module was also designed for content creators who want to record their gameplay (game sessions) via a selfie perspective or even for streaming.
When you discover that Amazon has launched a streaming platform like Twitch albeit one that is dedicated to smartphone games in the form of GameOn, you can immediately see the usefulness of having such a device.
The Lenovo Legion Duel's pop-up front camera is a big advantage for gaming. / © NextPit
When it comes to performance, we are obviously looking at the top of the range capability thanks to Qualcomm's Snapdragon 865+ chipset that has been mated to either 12 GB or 16 GB of RAM. The benchmarks I was able to run illustrated this raw power well, and the temperature control proved to be quite efficient thanks to the integration of a dual liquid cooling system.
I noticed overheating (40°C) after several hours of play, but at no time whatsoever did I experience any thermal throttling. The smartphone maintained a constant level of performance and FPS throughout the game sessions.
The interface doesn't go as far as its competitors in customising performance though. But the "Legion Realm" menu provides you with a good overall view of key data related to SoC, RAM usage, temperature etc. You can switch to "Crawl" mode to boost the performance levels to the maximum.
The 5,000 mAh battery is based on two 2,500 mAh cells which are simultaneously recharged via USB-C over 65 watts. The placement of the USB-C port is also much better thought out than in the other models which make up this selection since it is located in the middle of the left side: making it perfect in terms of ergonomics when using the device in landscape mode. The placement of the lock button in the middle of the right-hand side, on the other hand, may hinder the use of a Bluetooth controller clip.
But what I love most about the Lenovo Legion Duel is its unashamed gaming-oriented design. It is just cool to look at and touch. We've got animated LEDs at the back, a ribbed coating behind that provides gamers with a better smartphone grip just in case your hands get too sweaty. The haptic triggers are also very precise and improve the already excellent ergonomics of this very good gaming smartphone.
If it was a little cheaper than the Asus ROG Phone 3, I would have forgiven these slight interface and ergonomics flaws and place this as a top recommendation. However, the ROG Phone 3 just proves to be a little more complete, although the Lenovo Legion Duel does carry plenty of clout and a visual identity to match, making it a rather unique proposition on the market which will seduce the geek inside of me. It is definitely the most "stylish" gaming smartphone of 2020, which will appeal to PC gaming owners who are absolutely in love with LED RGB setups on their gaming rigs.
NextPit's alternatives for a more affordable and/or more discreet gaming smartphone
The point here is to provide alternatives to pure gaming smartphones, which are necessarily high-end, more expensive and above all very visually appropriate to indicate it as such. Here, NextPit lists smartphones that are more versatile and/or more affordable but whose gaming possibilities are a little more extensive than those of their competitors in their respective price ranges.
Realme X50: the best value gaming smartphone in 2020
Snapdragon 765G chipset
120 Hz LCD screen
Decent price
No liquid cooling
Game mode is too minimalist
Amazon UK Realme X50 5G £279.00 Go To Shop
The Realme has been available since August 11th at the price of £279 for a single 6 GB RAM/ 128 GB configuration. But in the meantime, the OnePlus Nord has been released on July 21st with a very similar specifications sheet and price.
A 120 Hz LCD screen, Snapdragon 765G chipset, and 4,200 mAh battery makes it hard to distinguish the Realme X50 from its cousin, the OnePlus Nord. But in terms of raw performance, the Realme X50 does better than the Nord, which is a pleasant surprise since the latter has been considered to be more optimised for gaming.
In this comparison, I performed three rounds of several graphics and CPU benchmarks on the Realme X50 and OnePlus Nord. On paper, the Realme X50 performs better than OnePlus Nord. It's hard to say how well the two smartphones perform in real life and everyday usage since the performance of the two smartphones are very similar. As the OnePlus Nord has advantages over some games, such as Fortnite, which can run at 45 FPS on it while being limited to just 30 FPS in the settings on the Realme X50.
But it's a nice surprise to see Realme in the mix of a list that would normally not see it make the cut. All the more so since OnePlus is really touting its Fnatic mode that claims to optimise CPU, GPU, RAM, and so on.
The game mode on the Realme X50 only offers a "Competitive" mode that does not indicate what kind of optimisations are being made when it is activated. The 4,200 mAh battery provides a solid battery life for conventional use that clearly seems ridiculous when compared to other models in this selection.
The game mode of the Realme X50 is too limited. / © NextPit
Overall, the Realme X50 is not a gaming smartphone per se. It is a classic mid-range smartphone but boasts of a full set of gaming features. It is slightly better off functioning as a gaming device than its competitors in this price range. I wouldn't go so far as to say it has hit the middle ground jackpot, but if you want a high-performance gaming smartphone without breaking the bank, it's clearly a good alternative.
It is currently available for less than £400, and if you want a little more performance without totally making the switch to the world of pure gaming smartphones, you can opt for the Realme X50 Pro, which is slightly more expensive although it can be found going for less than £500.
You can read the complete Realme X50 5G review by NextPit here
OnePlus 8T: the least geeky gaming smartphone on the market
The OnePlus 8T is a high-end gaming smartphone that doesn't look like one. / © NextPit
240 Hz touch sampling rate
Simple but effective Fnatic mode
Gaming mode not the most advanced on this list
Screen with punch-hole
Amazon UK OnePlus 8T 5G £449.00 Go To Shop
The OnePlus 8T has been available since October 20, 2020 at a price of £549 for the 8GB/128GB version on the official OnePlus and Amazon stores.
The OnePlus 8T comes with a 6.55-inch AMOLED flat panel display in Full HD+ resolution with a 120 Hz refresh rate and 240 Hz touch-sampling rate, which is not so common on a "classic", non-gaming flagship device.
Underneath the hood lies a Snapdragon 865 chipset, a 4,500 mAh battery with the new highly efficient Warp Charge 65T fast charge capability.
In terms of raw power, the OnePlus 8T has all of the necessary weapons required to compete with the best gaming smartphones on the market such as the ROG Phone 3 from Asus or the Nubia RedMagic 5S. In the graphical benchmarks I used for my tests, the OnePlus 8T always managed to maintain a more or less stabilised framerate of around 30 FPS and this, without ever exceeding the critical temperature reading of 39°C.
The Fnatic mode of the OnePlus 8T and its pop-up windows feature is virtually useless when gaming. / © NextPit
OnePlus has moved the camera module to a different place as compared to the OnePlus 8 in order to obtain a larger surface area for the steam chamber, a dozen temperature sensors, as well as 5 graphite plates, and silicone grease everywhere to limit overheating.
The dedicated Fnatic gaming mode is less advanced than what pure gaming smartphones offer, but the interface is much more user-friendly. You can make the game menu appear contextually, like a pop-up once you are in the game. You have a temperature indicator, battery, as well as the ability to have Instagram or WhatsApp in windowed mode (what's the point?!), block notifications, false positives, etc.
In short, it's a fairly complete high-end smartphone and is the understated alternative in the top end list. The gaming experience is worthy of a gaming smartphone, but the device is not too gaming-oriented and it can be used perfectly as a daily driver.
You can read the full OnePlus 8T review by NextPit here
The idea behind the concept of a gaming smartphone is not to just offer a powerful smartphone. Any flagship released since 2018 is fully capable of running almost any of the most demanding mobile games in high graphics settings, as well as some mid-range models.
Logically, raw power is an essential factor, but it's not the only one. In the gaming category, we will logically find many high-end smartphones, equipped with the latest Snapdragon SoCs such as the Snapdragon 865.
But an even more important criteria would be the fluidity of the user experience. The quality of the screen will therefore be a very important point, with a majority sporting OLED displays, although it would be those equipped with especially high refresh rates that exceed 120 Hz or even 144 Hz which win out. The tactile sampling rate, which is the number of times the screen records a touch with your fingers per second, is a key factor and generally lies around the 240 Hz mark for optimal responsiveness.
The higher this rate, the more accurate the gestures you make by touching your screen will be captured. This is especially important in FPS titles to ensure more responsive and accurate aiming, translating to more accurate targeting. If you switch from 240 to 180 Hz, you'll notice the difference, as if the sensitivity of the aiming is reduced drastically. You need to make longer, more pronounced sweeps, which is far from optimal in a fast-paced FPS title.
Think of it as the DPI (dots per inch) of a PC gaming mouse. The goal being that the mouse, aka touch controls, react to the most subtle movements possible to ensure the greatest possible degree of responsiveness.
Cooling system and thermal throttling
Of course, the gaming range must be equipped with a big battery and a good cooling system in order to prevent any overheating from happening. You'll find the most advanced features in the gaming segment that even "normal" flagships don't offer with liquid cooling, more advanced ventilation chambers, special graphite coatings, and batteries that have a capacity of 5,000 mAh or more.
In contrast to the classic smartphone that is used in a conventional manner, gaming usage can be rather intensive as it places the components of the smartphone through the wringer. This is all the more the case as gaming sessions tend to be rather lengthy. That's why gaming smartphones generally offer better thermal throttling management, i.e. automatic performance limitation to prevent overheating above 39°C.
I do not have precise tools to measure this notion in my tests. Recently, the 3DMark benchmark offered a test called "Wild Life". This test simulates an intense game session with graphics pushed to the maximum settings anywhere from 1 to 20 minutes long. The whole idea is to see how the smartphone behaves once it is pushed to its limits.
This benchmark then furnishes us with the temperature variation, the FPS rate, and battery consumption rate. Temperatures will always rise, it is an inevitable reality based on the laws of physics. But the more the FPS fluctuates as the temperature rises, the more you can measure the amount of thermal throttling.
Over an intense 20 minute session, the Huawei Mate 40 Pro heats up less than the ROG Phone 3 but the performance is also less stable. / © NextPit
In this example above, we can see that the Huawei Mate 40 Pro has heated up significantly less than the Asus ROG Phone 3, maintaining the maximum temperature at 33°C versus 40°C for the ROG Phone. But it can also be noted that the framerate is far more inconsistent than on the Asus smartphone.
Just compare the two graphs on the far left of the image above, the difference between the first loop (1 minute) and the last loop (20 minutes) is obvious on the Mate 40 Pro. The ROG Phone 3 maintains a very similar level of performance.
This is where we can see one of the impacts of thermal throttling. In order to protect against any form of overheating, the Mate 40 Pro limits performance, while the ROG Phone 3 which is better equipped with a cooling system, can afford to operate at higher temperatures for a longer period of time while maintaining a steady level of performance.
Gaming smartphones will be far more capable than "normal" smartphones of pushing that limit and maintaining consistently high performance for as long as possible.
As one reader pointed out to me, do the iPhone 12 and Galaxy S20 have all of these conditions in place? No. Their power gives them some versatility but they are not gaming smartphones. Or maybe all flagships are gaming smartphones, in which the name doesn't make sense in any case.
On the other hand, unlike more classic smartphones, gaming models often tend to neglect the quality of the camera module. They also often have a very gaming-oriented design, complete with LEDs on all sides. They have also been designed to be rather massive and heavy, which doesn't please everyone.
144 Hz OLED display
Snapdragon 865 SoC
Efficient cooling system
Large battery capacity with an average of 5,000 mAh
Quick charge capability
Accessories (fan, USB-C adapter/3.5mm jack)
Highly accurate battery and performance utilities
Eye-catching design packed with LEDs
Massive and rather heavy smartphones
Unsightly gaming interfaces
Generally expensive
Average camera performance
Let's understand each other, I would really like to see gaming smartphones with specification sheets that are on steroids released. I personally play a lot of games on my smartphone. Hence, I know very well that none of the games currently available require such a powerful machine, whether native mobile games (on the App Store or Play Store) or even on cloud gaming.
And even if they did (but they don't), the vast majority of mobile gamers don't play resource-intensive games anyway. Gaming smartphones are simply too far ahead of their time, and the mobile gaming market is not keeping up with the technical ambitions pursued by different manufacturers such as Asus, BlackShark or Nubia.
What I mean by this is, the "gaming" argument on smartphones is not yet strong enough to make this niche a large enough consumer- and fan-base to be profitable. It's wonderful to have such a powerful monster in your hands, but who else but a geek like me would be willing to transform a handheld game console into a smartphone for everyday use?
And who among those playing Candy Crush, Fortnite, and other mini-games that are aplenty in mobile app stores require that much power? It is basically overkill. That's where the mainstream side of the ROG Phone 3 comes in to capture consumers who can get confused by the gaming aspect of things.
144 Hz display, Snapdragon 865+, 16 GB RAM - Isn't that a bit "too much"?
I have devoted an entire guide to this question which I have highlighted below and which I invite you to read if this summary is not exhaustive enough for you.
But to cut a long story short, we do not need the latest Snapdragon, Kirin, Exynos, or whatever chipset. A top-of-the-line SoC from last year or even 2018 may be all you need, provided you adjust your expectations in terms of graphics.
Read also: Gaming smartphones: Do you need a 144 Hz screen, 16GB of RAM and the latest Snapdragon chipset?
No. However, I would always advise you to choose the latest and most powerful model for an optimal experience without any compromises. This all depends on whether your budget allows it, of course.
You also don't need as much RAM as you do on a PC game with 10, 12, or 16 GB. The 6 GB or 8 GB of RAM that is currently the market standard is more than enough. This is surely the point where various manufacturers tend to trumpet their hardware which makes it all the more ostentatious.
However, if there's one thing that's not overboard, it's the screen refresh rate. The latter, when pushed at 90 Hz minimum, is far from being a gimmick. And this precise criteria has a direct and significant impact on the quality of the playing experience.
As for the screen, another key notion would be the touch-sampling rate. Specifically, it's the number of times per second that the screen records a touch with your finger. Expressed in Hz, this data is important to ensure the best possible smoothness and response time of tactile commands. Generally, you should aim for 240 Hz for an optimal experience. This is very different from the refresh rate, which is also expressed in Hz.
So yes, gaming smartphone manufacturers are overdoing it. You do not need so much power to play under good conditions. But you can hardly blame the manufacturers for wanting to push the performance of their devices to the extreme, can you?
Gaming modes on smartphone, it works or not?
What if we overclock our smartphones? The idea sounds absurd but more and more manufacturers are integrating "game" or "gaming" modes to their Android skins that are supposed to boost or optimise the performance of their smartphones. How does it work and more importantly, does it work? The answer can be found in the complete guide shown below, which I will summarise in a brief manner here.
Also read: Gaming smartphones: Do gaming modes actually boost performance?
Fnatic mode on OnePlus, Game Tools on Samsung, X-Mode on Asus or GPU Turbo at Huawei, the list goes on. For some time now on some smartphones, you have been able to improve the graphical performance of your device for a better gaming experience.
To find out if they really work, I've performed several series of graphical benchmark tests as well as hands-on tests. Regarding the benchmarks, I opted for the software that we usually use at the writing desk for our smartphone reviews.
Truth be told, these gaming modes are only really useful for the "Do not disturb" functions they offer. But they don't fundamentally provide better performance.
Benchmark comparison:
Gaming Modes
Game mode: on
GeekBench 5 Single
Geekbench 5 Multi
PassMark Disk
PassMark Memory
3D Mark Slingshot Extreme
3D Mark Vulkan
3D Mark Slingshot 3.0
ROG Phone 3 965 3351 111637 28722 7723 7026 9767
OP Nord 617 1891 58248 21260 3274 3063 4573
Realme X50 616 1934 59550 22502 3326 3117 4652
Game mode: off GeekBench 5 Single Geekbench 5 Multi PassMark Disk PassMark Memory 3D Mark Slingshot Extreme 3D Mark Vulkan 3D Mark Slingshot 3.0
ROG Phone 3 966 3320 98869 28387 7109 6385 9425
But benchmarks are not 100% reliable, and some manufacturers cheat to obtain better scores. So I did some hands-on testing to see if a difference in performance could be felt in real-world conditions when playing. To do so, I focused on the FPS rate.
And I noticed that in use, the improvement brought by gaming modes can be quantified more significantly than through benchmark tests. The FPS rate is a key criterion for judging the quality of a gaming experience.
The fact that game modes allow more FPSs to be displayed on the screen is a good argument to defend their usefulness, which however could seem to be anecdotal at best, and totally useless at worst.
In absolute terms, a gaming mode will never perform actual miracles and transform an old bike into a war machine. The improvements will be incremental at best and are in no way transcendental. Above all, the performance boost comes up against the notion of thermal throttling, a software failsafe that clamps of performance in order to limit overheating.
So we can't say it is a form of marketing bullshit in all intellectual honesty. But rather than providing a real boost, gaming modes offer a little boost at best.
How did NextPit select its best gaming smartphones in 2020?
As explained in the introduction, this list is an arbitrary one since it is based on the preferences of the author (in this case, me) and the rest of the editorial staff (the list was discussed among all the reviewers).
We decided not to make a catch-all list and to select only the best gaming smartphones according to several categories so as not to make the selection confusing, with possibly the best alternatives to make a more informed comparison alongside taking into consideration the budget allocated to different consumers.
But the goal here is not to rank the list in order of greatest to the least. Purchasing a gaming smartphone meets a very specific need and use, it is a niche market, after all. It is therefore useless to include classic flagships or smartphones that were not designed for mobile gaming in the first place, although their raw power may allow limited gaming usage.
The selected models are nevertheless selected on the basis of certain objective criteria such as price, performance (as observed by benchmarks), their technical specifications, etc.
As for a review, this list is the product of several subjective opinions but is always partly supported by objective and verifiable elements. We also remain attentive to the community by taking into account readers' recommendations in the comments to populate the selection.
In essence, only models that have been reviewed at the time of publishing were selected. The smartphone is put into context with the current state of the market, taking into account possible price reductions, the release of new competing models, its availability for purchase, etc. If a model is not available, it will be replaced by a new one (deservedly so) on paper to be part of the selection. Seeing that there are models that we could not review, we have also included them by basing our recommendations on the opinion of competing tech sites that have reviewed those.
What do you think of this selection? Which models do you think we have forgotten and deserve to be included? Do you find the advice and methodology sections useful? What do you think of this new format? Give us your feedback in the comments section!
Also read on NextPit:
The best smartphones for less than £200 in 2020
Hardware Games OnePlus
ravivarma 3 months ago Link to comment
The best gaming phone is also one of the best 'consoles' you can get. No, really - we're serious. Although phones aren't a traditional games machine, the mobile space is one of the most vibrant in all of gaming nonetheless.
George555 3 months ago Link to comment
God, my greatest love, this is black shark 2.0. I just sleep and see myself opening the box and taking it out. Judging by what I saw at the presentation, this is the best value for money.
Goldvin 3 months ago Link to comment
Everything is going to buying flagman smartphone
Peter_Jeftic 9 months ago Link to comment
Can i get one free
Zeeshan_sid 9 months ago Link to comment
Helpful article, I will go for S9
saraomidi Aug 8, 2019 Link to comment
I think Samsung Galaxy A70 is one of the best
Deactivated Account Dec 31, 2018 Link to comment
I like this gaming phone from Doogee the S70 lite rugged gaming phone.
https://www.doogee.cc/detail/ip68-rugged-smartphone_s70lite/140
Folis Foli Dec 6, 2018 Link to comment
S9, gaming,? Funny. You have to charge it after 30 minutes. 😂😂
Charudatt Kumbhare Jan 29, 2017 Link to comment
Please update the article. All the old phones are there in list... 👎👎👎
Brittany McGhee Aug 3, 2017 Link to comment
We've just updated our list again!
GASB Aug 10, 2017 Link to comment
Reallyl? Are you recomending the Galaxy S8 for gaming, when it has poor GPU performance? The best phones for games are the phones with Snapdragon 820/821. Please you just do well your homework.
Sorry for my words, but I hate this marketing that conceals with tecnology...
www.youtube.com/watch?v=064yCZHNWf4&t=158s
www.youtube.com/watch?v=K-GcLKamGPM&t=203s
SorinJerry's W.
Deactivated Account Jan 28, 2017 Link to comment
What about the LG V20 the perfect phone for gaming. With the removable battery you can play all day. AndroidPit you are so biased in your phone coverage it is pitiful.
SorinDeactivated Account
Umair Ramay Mar 22, 2017 Link to comment
All QUAD HD Phones Suck at Gaming Except HTC 10 Which Have a 1080P Gaming Mode !
Fred Brown Aug 22, 2016 Link to comment
The fact that the HTC 10 doesn't have an amoled display isn't necessary a bad thing, people talk like amoled displays are superior, when in fact amoled displays aren't as sharp, and while the high contrast may seem better in some cases, it provides a very unnatural picture, much like the camera on the S7. The HTC 10 actually outperforms the Galaxy S7 in many ways, the HTC 10 scored 30,000 higher according the antutu benchmark scores listed on the site, and the HTC 10 received the highest DXOMARK score of 88, (despite the S7 having the same score the 10 did better with still images which put it ahead), the 10 has better audio microphones, and speakers. The HTC 10 is water resistant just not as well as the S7, but considering your far more likely to drop your phone and break it than drop it in 3 ft of water, the metal body proves better than the S7's glass body, Not to mention the HTC 10 has uh-oh protection which covers the phone in any worst case scenario. The HTC 10 doesn't have all the bloatware found on the S7, which will weigh on the phones performance in the long run, the HTC 10 has adotpable storage, and receives Android updates within 15 days of release while Samsung takes months to get updates. The HTC 10 is the best all around device on the market right now.
Derek Anderson Jul 27, 2016 Link to comment
Moto E LTE with Snapdragon 410. 4.5" screen pushing 960x540 resolution, makes it a no brainer everywhere I want to go device. Can find them for every carrier under $30, refurbs for $5, and it plays every android game with fair ease for on the go gaming.
Sure a nice tablet for couch gaming, with a great resolution, but you cant beat a 2390mAH battery, running what would essentially be a 'Nintendo' level of handheld phone. There are other variants out there, with 410s, running 2Gb of RAM, but if you keep the screen res to the 960x540 range you'll be greeted with plenty of devices that are capable of the latest games your shield can play, while on the go for a much more friendly on the go price (breaks, wear down. It's even got a splash proof coating on it for longevity).
Kyle Layne
Mary 1337 Jul 17, 2016 Link to comment
Currently I have an Xperia T3, which I kind of love. I love the Xperia's but since I am a phone gamer, those can be shit too. My Xperia T3 is good overall, but when it comes to games... No. Just no. This is not a gaming phone.
So, after this phone dies. I obviously want a new one. I'm thinking of abandon the Xperia series (I have been with them since Xperia Mini Pro) and get a really good gaming phone. I really don't like buttons, I prefer touch-buttons. Large screens is a must.
1) Gaming phone
2) Touch buttons only
3) Large screen
Please help me find my perfect phone!
Tilton Jul 11, 2016 Link to comment
No G5? WTF
Deactivated Account
David Nieves Jun 9, 2016 Link to comment
Lame no note series listed here, and my note 3 is still amazing at gaming
Deactivated Account Jun 9, 2016 Link to comment
The Note 4 is the best for gaming big screen, Micro SD, replicable battery so you don't have to worry about running out of power.
SorinDeactivated AccountKevin Farmer
Anand Jun 9, 2016 Link to comment
Why Galaxy Note series is not listed? Note have always had amazing big screen with beefy flagship hardware for it's time.
Kevin FarmerDeactivated Account


Walnut Hills High School, a classical six-year college preparatory high school, is dedicated to the pursuit of academic excellence in a culturally diverse community. Academic ability, a respect for learning, and a will to achieve are tools for the student body and faculty alike. Analytical and creative thinking skills equip students to draw upon the knowledge of the past, to weigh the questions of the present, and to envision the possibilities of the future. Involvement in extra-curricular and co-curricular activities provides additional opportunities for pursuing intellectual, social, and athletic goals. We believe that intellectual achievement is intrinsically valuable in a democratic atmosphere of mutual respect, social equality, and personal responsibility.


Last year we brought you organization made easy, and it's once again time to clear some of the clutter that's built up over the past year and start over fresh. If you missed our posts last year, check them out for ways to organize your schoolwork, desk, dorm, or closet. Being organized is a skill that never gets old whether you're keeping your shoes from being all over the floor or applying for jobs and internships.When developing the beginnings of your career, keeping track of your activities, assignments, and achievements can also help make you visible to future employers. Something to consider if you are in a field like journalism, marketing, the arts or any other creative field is creating an online portfolio.
Even if you are in engineering, accounting, or law there is merit to a website or forum for which to showcase past and current projects according to an article in the NY Times.
Posting consistent records of your work online will help to you stand out, make it easy to build a resume, and can create job leads if a potential employer stumbles across your work.
Position Yourself—Brands use positioning statements as a way to help them create a more concise brand image. For example, BMW is the Ultimate Driving Machine. How will you brand yourself? A good positioning statement identifies you (College Junior, Senior etc.), explains what differentiates you (Honors, Awards, or Experience), and speaks to your target audience (Employers). It should also give a sense of what you've done, what you're doing now, and where you're focus is for the future. Be short and to the point.
Positioning statements are great for use in an "about me" section on your portfolio, or if employers ask you about yourself.
Get it Together – Gather samples of your best writing, presentations, and projects and save them all in one folder along with your resume and a document listing people you could use as references.
Go for Professional Advice – Go to your campus career center or a trusted professional for help on creating your resume. They can help you determine what is appropriate to include or not include on your resume, and even help your create a professional format. Additionally, if you're thinking about building a portfolio they may be able to help you pick out samples of your work and projects that showcase your talent best.
Get Online— Depending on your major and aspirations you may want to use a free portfolio platform, set up your own website domain (which can cost less than $10 a year), or use blog to display your content. Free portfolio platforms are great for a portfolio that mainly consists of writing samples. Some free ones include FolioHD, Carbonmade and Behance. Slideshare is a free online platform for displaying presentations. Prezi is also a way to display your work and creativity. Explore your options and determine which is most suitable for you!
Now not only are all set up to begin searching for that internship or entry-level job, but definitely ahead of the competition. How do you stay ahead in the current competitive job market? Tweet us your tips @BNcollege or let us know in the comments below.


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Date:April 5, 2016
BREAKING NEWS: GOVERNOR BROWN SIGNS BILL THAT WILL INCREASE MINIMUM WAGE TO $15 AN HOUR BY 2022
SACRAMENTO, CA [BY MARTY OMOTO, CDCAN – LAST UPDATED 04/04/2016 09:35 AM] – Governor Brown, as expected, signed this morning in Los Angeles the landmark legislation that will raise the State's minimum wage to $15 an hour by 2022 for businesses with 26 employees or more, and one year later for businesses with 25 employees or less. The legislation – SB 3 by Senator Mark Leno (Democrat – San Francisco) – also provides for a phase-in of three paid sick days for all In-Home Supportive Services (IHSS) workers beginning July 1, 2018.
Governor Brown signed the bill surrounded by Democratic legislative leaders, labor leaders and union members at the Ronald Reagan State Office Building in Los Angeles.
Governor Brown said that "work is part of living in a moral community…Economics is about dollars and justice. Justice is about giving people their due….It's about economic justice. It's about people…Its about putting a little tiny balance in a system that every day becomes more unbalanced…This is an important day! Its not the end of the struggle…"
"No one who works full time should live in poverty," said Senate President Pro Tem Kevin De Leon (Democrat – Los Angeles), one of the co-authors of the legislation, at the signing ceremony, calling the Governor "the best governor in the nation," thanking him for his leadership in signing the historic bill.
Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (Democrat – Los Angeles), spoke of the high poverty in eight of the nine cities he represents, and underscored that this increase is "not a social program" but about work, and underscored that a person working full time should not live in poverty.
Senator Leno said that it was his honor to author SB 3 with his primary co-author Senator Connie Leyva, and said that the increase will lift millions of Californians – the majority of them women – and thanked the Governor for framing the issue as "economic justice."
The Assembly passed on March 31st, SB 3 on a largely party-line vote 48 to 26 with five members not voting or not present , following a floor debate of about two hours late this morning. Two Assembly Democrats voted no.
The State Senate passed SB 3, later in the afternoon on March 31st, after about two hours of floor debate, by a vote of 26 to 12, with all Democrats voting yes and all Republicans present voting no.
Under the plan contained in SB 3 announced March 28th by Governor Brown, Democratic legislative leaders and labor leaders, the State minimum wage will rise to $10.50 per hour on January 1, 2017 for businesses with 25 or more employees, and then rises each year until reaching $15 per hour in 2022. The contents of the agreement was amended into SB 3 on Monday (March 28th), and the legislation passed today without any further amendments or changes.
Governor Brown previously signed AB 10 by Assemblymember Luis Alejo (Democrat – Watsonville, 30th Assembly District) in September 2013 to raise California's minimum wage 25%, from $8 to $10 per hour, effective January 1, 2016.
SCHEDULED WAGE INCREASES (IF NO INCREASES ARE PAUSED)
The following is the schedule of increases to the State minimum wage under SB 3, unless the increases are "paused", referred in the legislation as the "off-ramp" provisions:
$10.50 PER HOUR:
26 Employees or More: January 1, 2017
25 Employees or Less: January 1, 2018
$11 PER HOUR:
IHSS SICK DAYS
Under SB 3, implementation of one sick day for IHSS workers who works in California for 30 or more days within a year from the start of their employment, begins July 1, 2018. A second day added in the first July following $13/hour implementation for larger businesses (January 1, 2020), and a third day added following $15/hour implementation (July 1, 2022).
SB 3 would require that the California Department of Social Services, in consultation with stakeholders, to convene a workgroup to implement paid sick leave for IHSS providers and to issue guidance in that regard by December 1, 2017.
The following is the section in SB 3 that directly relates to the phase-in of paid sick for IHSS workers (other paragraphs or sections that are not new or had minor changes in numbering of section were not included below. For the full provisions regarding sick leave see SB 3, as amended March 28, 2016, in the link above:
"SEC. 2. Section 246 of the Labor Code is amended to read:
(2) On and after July 1, 2018, a provider of in-home supportive services under Section 14132.95, 14132.952, or 14132.956 of, or Article 7 (commencing with Section 12300) of Chapter 3 of Part 3 of Division 9 of, the Welfare and Institutions Code, who works in California for 30 or more days within a year from the commencement of employment is entitled to paid sick days as specified in subdivision (e) and subject to the rate of accrual in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b).
(e) For a provider of in-home supportive services under Section 14132.95, 14132.952, or 14132.956 of, or Article 7 (commencing with Section 12300) of Chapter 3 of Part 3 of Division 9 of, the Welfare and Institutions Code, the term "full amount of leave" is defined as follows:
(1) Eight hours or one day in each year of employment, calendar year, or 12-month period beginning July 1, 2018.
(2) Sixteen hours or two days in each year of employment, calendar year, or 12-month period beginning when the minimum wage, as set forth in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 1182.12 and accounting for any years postponed under subparagraph (D) of paragraph of subdivision (d) of Section 1182.12, has reached $13.00 per hour.
(3) Twenty-four hours or three days in each year of employment, calendar year, or 12-month period beginning when the minimum wage, as set forth in paragraph (1) of subdivision (b) of Section 1182.12 and accounting for any years postponed under subparagraph (D) of paragraph (3) of subdivision (d) of Section 1182.12, has reached $15.00 per hour.
(o) The State Department of Social Services, in consultation with stakeholders, shall convene a workgroup to implement paid sick leave for in-home supportive services providers as specified in this section. This workgroup shall finish its implementation work by November 1, 2017, and the State Department of Social Services shall issue guidance such as an all-county letter or similar instructions by December 1, 2017.
(p) Notwithstanding the rulemaking provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act (Chapter 3.5 (commencing with Section 11340) of Part 1 of Division 3 of Title 2 of the Government Code), the State Department of Social Services may implement, interpret, or make specific this section by means of an all-county letter, or similar instructions, without taking any regulatory action."
"OFF-RAMP" PROVISIONS
The governor can choose to pause any scheduled increase for one year if either economy or budget conditions are met. However, the increase to $10.50/hour is not subject to off-ramps.
Initial determination of Governor by August 1 of each year prior to a January increase. The Governor makes the final determination by September 1.
1. Economy: Governor has the ability to pause an increase if seasonally adjusted statewide job growth for either the prior 3 or 6 months is negative and retail sales receipts for the prior 12 months is negative.
2. Budget: Governor has the ability to pause an increase if any year from the current budget year to two additional years is forecasted to be in deficit when including the next scheduled increase. Pursuant to Proposition 2, a multiyear forecast is adopted as part of the annual Budget Act. A deficit is if the operating reserve is projected to be negative by more than 1 percent of annual revenues, currently about $1.2 billion. The budget off-ramp can only be used twice.
INDEXING: The legislation will index annually for inflation (national CPI) beginning the first January 1 after small businesses are at $15/hour. Floor of 0 percent (no decreases) and a ceiling of 3.5 percent. Off-ramps do not apply once the state gets to $15/hour.
STATE BUDGET IMPACT
The initial impact of the increase in the State minimum wage in the 2016-2017 State Budget will likely be included in Governor Brown's revisions to his proposed budget plan that he will release in mid-May – often referred to as the "May Revise" or "May Revision".
On March 30th, the Governor's Department of Finance told the Assembly Appropriations Committee that the impact for the 2016-2017 State Budget would likely be over $20 million in State general funds, and would grow each year as the minimum wage increases each January.
Under the agreement reached on March 28th, and as contained in SB 3 as amended March 28, 2016, and passed by the Legislature March 31st and signed by the Governor today (April 4th), the State minimum wage would increase January 1, 2017 by 50 cents to $10.50 for businesses with 26 employees or more, and a year later for businesses with 25 employees or less.
The 2016-2017 State Budget covers July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017 and that increase would cover six months of that budget year.
The larger impacts will occur in following State budget years – 2017-2018 (July 1, 2017 to June 30, 2018), when the State minimum wage would increase by $1 on January 1, 2018 and in the 2018-2019 State budget year (July 1, 2018 to June 30, 2019) when IHSS paid sick leave begins.
There was no official statement or commitment regarding funding of the State minimum wage increase in 2017 impacting regional center funded community-based services and supports. Most of those regional center funded providers – though not all – received in 2014 and 2016 increases in funding to cover increases in the State minimum wages. Funding to cover increases in the State minimum wage for IHSS workers (providers) and Waiver Personal Care Services workers would be covered under State law.
Website: www.cdcan.us

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gilbert & George: The Cosmological Picture, 1993 original exhibition poster
https://shop.tate.org.uk/gilbert-and-george-the-cosmological-picture-1993-original-exhibition-poster/25589.html
Add to wishlist Shop more Gilbert & George
Original vintage exhibition poster for Gilbert & George's The Cosmological Pictures, 1993 at Tate Liverpool. It features a large image of Down to Earth 1989, by Gilbert & George.
The Cosmological Pictures was a touring exhibition put together by Gilbert & George to create discussion and communication in cities across Europe. Their chosen title word 'cosmology' comes from the Greek words for 'world' and 'discourse', and their aim was to emphasise the power of human thought to remake life and shape the future through communication, questioning and discussion, prompted by the pictures. It visited Krakow, Rome, Zurich, Vienna, Budapest, The Hague, Dublin, Barcelona, Liverpool and Stuttgart.
The poster text reads:
THE COSMOLOGICAL PICTURES
TATE GALLERY LIVERPOOL
Tuesday – Sunday 10 – 6 - Admission £1 - concession 50p - family ticket £2
Although these posters are in excellent condition, please be aware that as original items they may show some slight signs of age. They're exclusively available online and at Tate Liverpool, and can all be viewed in person at Tate Shop Liverpool by request.
About the artists:
Gilbert & George are a duo of British artists. Gilbert Prousch and George Passmore were born in Italy and Devon respectively. They met in 1967 as students at St Martin's School of Art in London. Their strategy was to make themselves into sculpture, so sacrificing their separate identities to art and turning the notion of creativity on its head. Tate has had two exhibitions dedicated to the pair, and holds a number of their works in the collection.
Dimensions: 85 x 59.5 cm
Artist Gilbert & George
Exhibition Gilbert & George: The Cosmological Picture, 1993
Dimensions 85 x 59.5 cm


As far as parenting books go, I love Dr. Leman. Yes, in general, I love a lot of different parenting books, but Dr. Leman hits very high marks in my book. This book is a great book for a baby shower. I picked it up when my oldest was already almost 2 and we were thinking about number 2 on the way. Dr. Leman gives practical advice for any mom or parent. (He also writes marriage books as well).
He has 5 children and I love the stories he tells about his household as they were all growing up. While Dr. Leman is not a member of my faith, he shares very similar strong family values and I LOVED the chapter in this book about whether a mom should work or not.


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Severance of a director's service contract Severance of a director's service contract
Severance of a director's service contract
Out-Law Guide | 17 Jun 2010 | 2:50 pm | 9 min. read
This guide is based on UK law as at 1st February 2010, unless otherwise stated. It is part of a series on Directors' service contracts . Where there is clear evidence of dishonesty or other serious...
This guide is based on UK law as at 1st February 2010, unless otherwise stated. It is part of a series on Directors' service contracts.
Dismiss summarily for gross misconduct
Where there is clear evidence of dishonesty or other serious misconduct amounting to a repudiatory breach, the company is legally entitled to dismiss the culprit with immediate effect, without any requirement to serve notice or pay in lieu of notice. The need for clear evidence, however, cannot be over-emphasised: in the majority of cases, instant dismissal carries a significant risk of litigation; there may be a High Court claim for wrongful dismissal and, possibly, a statutory claim for unfair dismissal, as discussed below.
Serve notice and require director to work notice period
This option may not be in the best interests of the company (as noted in OUT-LAW's guide to Length of fixed terms and notice periods in directors' service contracts). Directors who are asked to serve their full notice can be demotivated and even hostile towards the company and the remaining directors. Their main focus will, understandably, be on finding another job rather than ensuring the long-term success of the business. The company will usually prefer to cut ties – and bring in someone else – as soon as possible.
Serve notice and put on garden leave
Garden leave provisions are becoming increasingly common. The main reasons for this are explained in our guide to Restrictive covenants in directors' service contracts. In summary: garden leave helps limit the threats to a business posed by a director's departure to a rival and can provide more security than covenants. It also gives the company time and space to negotiate a severance package.
The director on garden leave will often approach the company to agree an earlier termination date so that they can take up their new position. Their entitlement to further payment will then cease.
Garden leave is also useful where cash flow makes a lump sum payment in lieu undesirable.
Steps should be taken to ensure the terms of the garden leave are consistent with the director's contractual rights. The director should continue to receive all salary and benefits and should not be financially disadvantaged. An employing company should also ensure that there are very clear instructions about what a director can and cannot do while on garden leave. These should cover: contact with clients, employees or other business contacts; the steps the director is to take if contacted; the extent to which the director can be called upon to carry out particular tasks and provide assistance.
Terminate instantly under express payment in lieu provision
It is also increasingly common for service agreements to allow the company to terminate a director's employment on making a payment in lieu of notice. This provides a mechanism to bring the director's employment to an end instantly without being in breach of contract. Any restrictive covenants will continue to have effect insofar as they are enforceable. Further information about payment in lieu clauses appears in Payment in lieu clauses in directors' service contracts, an OUT-LAW guide.
Initiate a dialogue and negotiate a package
Frequently, the first instinct of the other directors/non-executive directors is to initiate a 'cards on the table' chat with a view to negotiating an appropriate package. This can work well, particularly if there is a good relationship between those who will have the discussion, the reasons for the departure are understood and the circumstances are not acrimonious – in other words, if the negotiations are likely to succeed.
But there are risks attached. Employment cases make clear that even where there is an agreement to talk off the record 'without prejudice', a party may still be able to rely on these discussions to support a legal claim. The risk is particularly acute where there has been no formal prior procedure. In these circumstances, the discussions and the absence of any formalities could be used in an unfair dismissal claim and/or negotiations for a significant sum in addition to contractual severance entitlements.
Legal and regulatory constraints
Sections 215 to 222 of the Companies Act 2006
The above sections preclude payments 'of compensation for loss of office' where particulars of the payment have not been approved by a company's shareholders. Generally, though, this will not apply. Section 220(1) of the Act provides for express exclusions in relation to a payment made in good faith:
in discharge of an existing legal obligation (effectively defined as an obligation that was not entered into in connection with or in consequence of the event giving rise to the payment);
by way of damages for breach of such an obligation;
by way of settlement or compromise of any claim arising in connection with the termination of the person's office or employment; or
by way of pension in respect of past services.
In addition, case law authority says that payments made to a departing director under express contractual provisions – for example, an express payment in lieu or golden parachute clause – are not covered by the requirement for shareholder approval. Sections 215 to 222 could be an issue, however, where a proposed payment to a director seems excessive in relation to their legal entitlements.
Code of directors' duties
If there is evidence to suggest that proposed payments are excessive when set against an individual director's legal entitlements, it's possible that the code of directors' duties has been breached and that the board's decision to authorise the payments could be challenged. The argument could be advanced that directors, in agreeing particular payments for a departing executive, were acting other than in the best interests of the company.
If a payment is proposed that seems out of line with an individual director's contractual entitlement and unfair dismissal rights, the company's remuneration committee or full board ought to minute the reasons why. Such payments will need to be justified.
The UK Corporate Governance Code
The Code (provision D.1.4) says that:
"The remuneration committee should carefully consider what compensation commitments (including pension contributions and all other elements) their directors' terms of appointment would entail in the event of early termination. The aim should be to avoid rewarding poor performance. They should take a robust line on reducing compensation to reflect departing directors' obligations to mitigate loss."
This provision can be useful when negotiating a package on behalf of a listed company. In particular, it can help endorse the point that payments must be closely linked to financial loss. If there is every reason to believe that a director with a 12 months' notice period would find a position within six months following termination, the remuneration committee would probably find a package of more than six months hard to justify to shareholders.
But 'avoiding rewarding poor performance' and 'taking a proper line to reflect mitigation' are often difficult to reconcile. A director employed under a contract with a 12 months' notice period is, in the absence of gross misconduct, entitled to 12 months' notice irrespective of performance. If they have performed poorly, it may be more difficult for them to find another job and thereby mitigate their loss. In other words, it can be more difficult to negotiate a discount when a director hasn't delivered.
Disclosure requirements
Full disclosure of amounts paid to departing directors is required in the directors' remuneration report, which, as explained in our guide, Directors' service contracts: An introduction, will be put to an advisory vote by shareholders. So a board needs to bear in mind the likely reaction of investors before any deal is agreed.
Potential legal claims
A wrongful dismissal is a dismissal that breaches the terms of the contract. If, therefore, a director is entitled to 12 months' notice but is dismissed instantly without notice, the company will be liable for damages; the director will be entitled to a payment equating to the loss of salary and benefits over the 12 months' notice period.
Any damages will, however, be subject to a reduction for mitigation. A dismissed employee is legally required to take reasonable steps to find an alternative job. If they succeed and take up a new position during the notice period, any sum earned will reduce the amount of their loss pound for pound. If a court is not satisfied that an employee has complied with the obligation to mitigate, this will be reflected in its award for compensation.
Successful wrongful dismissal claims prevent the employer from relying on any provisions within the contract: if the employer is held to have breached the contract, it cannot enforce terms such as restrictive covenants, and these will consequently fall away. It is largely because of this that, where restrictive covenants exist, it is now standard practice to add a contractual payment in lieu provision allowing the company to terminate instantly without breaching the contract.
Every person in Great Britain who has been employed for one year or more has a statutory right not to be unfairly dismissed. This right applies just as much to an employed director as to any other employee. Dismissal will only be found to be fair if:
it is made for a potentially fair reason, such as redundancy, poor performance or poor conduct;
before dismissing or serving notice, the employer followed the necessary fair procedure (see below);
it is reasonable to dismiss in all the circumstances of the case.
Until quite recently, unfair dismissal was not a significant factor in the majority of cases relating to the termination of directors' contracts. This was because compensation for unfair dismissal was limited when set against a director's contractual entitlement. The potential compensation recoverable for unfair dismissal has now, however, significantly increased. In addition to a basic award (which is still a limited amount, calculated in the same way as a statutory redundancy payment), an employee who has been unfairly dismissed is entitled to a compensatory award (dependent on their losses), the statutory maximum for which is now £65,300.
A further significant change took place in 2004. New statutory disciplinary and grievance procedures were introduced, requiring an employer to go through a minimum disciplinary procedure before dismissing someone. The procedure included:
calling the employee to attend a disciplinary hearing;
providing the employee with details of matters to be discussed before the hearing;
notifying the employee of the decision made after the hearing and providing the right to appeal.
If these minimum procedures were not followed, the dismissal was automatically deemed to be unfair and the compensation awarded could be subject to an uplift of between 10 and 50 per cent.
The good news for companies is that the statutory procedures were repealed with effect from 6 April 2009. In their place is a new Code of Practice on disciplinary and grievance procedures from the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS). The Code sets out minimum standards for dealing with disciplinary matters, but there is no longer a requirement to follow a mandatory dispute resolution procedure in advance of dismissal and no automatic unfairness when the Code is not followed.
What does this mean in practice? The ACAS Code is not legally binding, but when deciding if a dismissal was fair or not, an employment tribunal will look at whether the Code was followed. If an employment tribunal decides that an employer failed to follow the Code and that was unreasonable, it may increase the compensation awarded by up to 25 per cent.
The appropriateness of unfair dismissal claims will, of course, vary. A director is not entitled to double recovery in relation to the same period of loss. This means, for example, that if a director is being paid in lieu of a 12-month notice period (either under an express clause or as a result of reaching agreement to make a payment in lieu) and they can mitigate their losses within the 12 months by finding another position, legal action will, from a practical point of view, be irrelevant. The director could seek to recover a basic award but this will be little more than a nominal sum. As regards the compensatory award, the director will not be able to demonstrate any losses: they will have been more than compensated by the payment in lieu.
If, on the other hand, a director's actual losses are likely to exceed payments made under their contractual entitlements, an unfair dismissal claim becomes much more relevant. In these circumstances, an employing company that has failed to go through a fair procedure before giving notice could be in trouble. To avoid the risk of litigation, it will need to:
increase the proposed severance package by a sum that exceeds contractual entitlements and reflects the amount that could be paid in unfair dismissal compensation;
get the director to sign a compromise agreement that prohibits any claim.
This section has dealt with the most likely actions when a company dismisses a director. It is important to remember, though, that others could arise – for example, the claim that a director's dismissal was on discriminatory grounds.
Directors' service contracts


Oceanfront lodge just off the Pacific Rim Highway on Cox Bay, just 7 kilometres south of Tofino. - .
This Inn is located alongside the Pacific Rim highway at Chesterman Beach. There is direct access to the beach and rooms have panoramic views of the ocean.
Luxury Suites, two-level Loft Suites with full gourmet kitchens and our unique one of a kind Canopy Suite.


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Fullerton Building
by Cornelius-Takahama, Vernon
The former Fullerton Building was one of the most important landmarks in the Civic District.1 The building is located at 1 Fullerton Square in the Downtown Core of the Central Region.2 It sits partially on the site of the former Fort Fullerton.3 After Fort Fullerton was demolished, the site was occupied by the Post Office and the Exchange Building until around 1922, when both buildings were demolished to make way for the Fullerton Building,4 which was completed in mid-1928. The building housed the General Post Office and, over the years, other government offices including the Inland Revenue Department. Other tenants included the Chamber of Commerce and the Singapore Club. During World War II, the building was the headquarters of the Japanese Military Administration Department. Following a S$400-million restoration project lasting two years, the building is presently The Fullerton Hotel Singapore.
Fullerton Building and Fullerton Square were located at the site of the former Fort Fullerton, which was built to guard the mouth of the Singapore River.5 The fort was named after Robert Fullerton, the first governor of the Straits Settlements (1826–30).6 Major development in the area began in the mid-19th century with the construction of a sea wall undertaken by George Chancellor Collyer. Extending from Fort Fullerton to the former Telok Ayer Market, the sea wall was constructed from 1857 to 1864 and named Collyer Quay.7
By June 1873, most of Fort Fullerton had been demolished.8 Then in 1879, the Exchange Building opened on the site by the Cavenagh Bridge and Singapore River.9
In 1925, the Tan Kim Seng Fountain was moved to the Esplanade from its original location at Fullerton Square while the Fullerton Building was being constructed.10
In November 1923, the tender for the construction of Fullerton Building was called. The job was awarded to Perry & Co. Overseas Ltd., London, in February 1924. While the contract period was four years, work completion was delayed by a few months.11
During the initial groundwork, excavations revealed the gun casements of Fort Fullerton. The excavation involved moving 40,823 tonnes of earth, in order to build two basement loading yards and a subway to the pier for the new post office. The construction used approximately 18,745 m of reinforced concrete, 1,179 tonnes of steel, 3.5 million bricks, 14 km of hollow bricks, 3,511 cu m of artificial granite, 566 cu m of timber and 52,288 barrels of cement.12
The building's electrical fittings were carried out by the Express Lift Company, while lighting arrangements were undertaken by the Public Works Department. Thomas Holmes was the clerk of the works for the project.13
According to a 27 June 1928 article in The Straits Times, the building cost $4,750,000.14
At 10 am on 27 June 1928, the building was officially opened by Clifford under the main portico. In his speech, Clifford announced that the structure would be named Fullerton Building. Guests at the opening ceremony included General Officer Commanding Major-General C. C. Straubenzee; colonial secretary Hayes Marriott; the Anglican bishop of Singapore, Right Reverend B. C. Roberts; members of the executive council, legislative council and municipal commission; government architect Major Percy Hubert Keys; and the director of Perry & Co. Overseas Ltd, R. Tarring. There was also a large public attendance at the event.15
Fullerton Building was designed by Keys and his assistant Frank Dowdeswell, both of whom later left the government service to establish a private architectural firm, Keys & Dowdeswell.16 The reinforced concrete work was designed by Edmund Coignet & Co.17
The grey granite building sits on 41,100 sq m of land, with its walls towering 37 m from the ground.18 The building's architectural features include fluted Doric colonnades on their heavy base, as well as the lofty portico over the main entrance with trophy designs and the royal coat of arms crafted by Cavaliere Rudolfo Nolli in Singapore. There were originally five distinct frontages, each treated in the Doric order.19 A total of 14 elevators were installed in the building.20
In 1958, a lighthouse was installed on the building's rooftop to guide ships out in the harbour.21 Two tablets, one on each side of the entrance stairway, indicate that construction work began on February 1924 when Laurence Nunns Guillemard was governor of the Straits Settlements, and completed in June 1928 when Clifford had succeeded Guillemard as governor.22
General Post Office
The General Post Office, Fullerton Building's anchor tenant, moved in a few weeks after the building's official opening.23 It occupied the building's sub-ground and ground floors for its postal halls and sorting rooms, and the first floor for offices.24
Mail drops in the post box used to fall directly to the sub-ground floor, where it was caught on a band conveyor and dispatched some 60 m along the basement, and then up to the sorting room. The sub-ground floor was connected to a subway that ran underneath Fullerton Road to the Post Office Pier, for the transfer and pick up of overseas mail.25
Chamber of Commerce and Singapore Club
Soon after World War I, the government approached the Chamber of Commerce and Singapore Club regarding the redevelopment of the Exchange Building site at Fullerton Square. Jointly owned and occupied by the chamber and club, both entities agreed to surrender their joint title to the Exchange Building. In return, they would receive compensatory space in the new building that would be erected on the site.26
Both the chamber and club subsequently took up temporary accommodation at the old Chartered Bank building on Battery Road until the Fullerton Building was completed in 1928.27 The Chamber of Commerce was then allocated a floor space of 941 sq m in the building, while the Singapore Club occupied an area of 6,968 sq m.28 The club's facilities included dining rooms, club rooms, billiards and card rooms, and sleeping accommodation on the upper floors.29
On 13 February 1942, just before the fall of Singapore, then Governor Shenton Thomas and his wife stayed at the Singapore Club in the Fullerton Building because the Government House had become uninhabitable due to artillery bombardment.30 The next day, it was there in their fourth-storey room where Lieutenant-General Arthur E. Percival told them that the British military had decided to surrender to the Japanese.31
During those last days before the fall of Singapore, the Fullerton Building was also used as a hospital with makeshift operating rooms for wounded soldiers.32 The building subsequently became the headquarters of the Japanese Military Administration Department.33
Fullerton Building was also the location where the Oversea Chinese Association gave a cheque for $50 million to the Japanese, as demanded by the latter. Raised by the Chinese in Singapore and Malaya, the cheque was meant to atone for the Chinese resistance against the Japanese invasion of Malaya, Singapore and China. The cheque was handed to Lieutenant-General Tomoyuki Yamashita on 25 June 1942 in a ceremony held in the Chamber of Commerce's committee room.34
Government departments located in Fullerton Building over the years included the Marine Department (1,218 sq m), Imports & Exports Department (662 sq m), as well as the offices of the chief health officer, principal civil medical officer, marine surveyor and the government veterinary surgeon.35 From the 1950s and '60s onwards, government bodies, such as the Inland Revenue Department36 and departments under the Ministry of Finance, were also based in the Fullerton Building.37
From 1982 to 1985, Fullerton Building underwent its first major renovation as the Inland Revenue Department and General Post Office carried out extensive renovations to their offices and front desk area.38
By 1996, all tenants had moved out of the building. It was then put up for tender the following year together with two surrounding land parcels. The site was acquired by Sino Land at a cost of S$110 million.39 The company invested S$400 million, including the cost of the site, on a project to restore and convert the building into a five-star hotel, The Fullerton Hotel Singapore. The hotel commenced operations on 14 December 2000 and was officially opened on 1 January 2001.40
The Fullerton Building was gazetted as a national monument on 7 December 2015.41
Vernon Cornelius-Takahama
1. Civic district plans. (1989, November 15). The Straits Times, p. 2. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
2. Edwards, N., & Keys, P. (1988). Singapore: A guide to buildings, streets, places. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 415. (Call no.: RSING 915.957 EDW-[TRA]); The Fullerton Hotels. (2017). Location. Retrieved 2017, May 16 from The Fullerton Hotels Singapore website: https://www.fullertonhotels.com/singapore/the-fullerton-hotel/location; Oon, D. (1996, July 11). Second part of DGP out next month. The Business Times, p. 2; Nayar, P. (2000, October 27). A grand lady set to emerge. The Business Times, p. 25. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
3. Dunlop, P. K. G. (2000). Street names of Singapore. Singapore: Who's Who Pub., p. 89. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 DUN-[HIS]); Tyers, R. K. (1993). Ray Tyers' Singapore: Then & now. Singapore: Landmark Books, p. 12. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 TYE-[HIS])
4. Chew, M. (2001). Memories of the Fullerton. Singapore: [s.n.], pp. 101–103. (Call no.: RSING q959.57 CHE-[HIS]); From the Daily Times, September 29th. (1879, September 30). Straits Times Overland Journal, p. 2; 100 years of local history. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 11; Lee, Y. M. (1983, May 23). Remembering the past in prints and pictures. The Business Times, p. 7. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
5. Chew, M. (2001). Memories of the Fullerton. Singapore: [s.n.], p. 98. (Call no.: RSING q959.57 CHE-[HIS]); Dunlop, P. K. G. (2000). Street names of Singapore. Singapore: Who's Who Pub., p. 89. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 DUN-[HIS]); Tyers, R. K. (1993). Ray Tyers' Singapore: Then & now. Singapore: Landmark Books, p. 118. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 TYE-[HIS])
7. Chew, M. (2001). Memories of the Fullerton. Singapore: [s.n.], p. 100. (Call no.: RSING q959.57 CHE-[HIS]); Tyers, R. K. (1993). Ray Tyers' Singapore: Then & now. Singapore: Landmark Books, pp. 114–115. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 TYE-[HIS])
8. Old institutions. (1873, June 14). Straits Times Overland Journal, p. 3. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
9. From the Daily Times, September 29th. (1879, September 30). Straits Times Overland Journal, p. 2; 100 years of local history. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 11. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
10. Tyers, R. K. (1993). Ray Tyers' Singapore: Then & now. Singapore: Landmark Books, p. 120. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 TYE-[HIS]); Edwards, N., & Keys, P. (1988). Singapore: A guide to buildings, streets, places. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 374. (Call no.: RSING 915.957 EDW-[TRA])
11. Chew, M. (2001). Memories of the Fullerton. Singapore: [s.n.], p. 130. (Call no.: RSING q959.57 CHE-[HIS])
12. Past and present. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
13. Fullerton Building. (1928, June 28). The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942), p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
14. The new post office. (1928, June 23). The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942), p. 11; The Fullerton Building. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
15. His Excellency's speech. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
16. Chew, M. (2001). Memories of the Fullerton. Singapore: [s.n.], pp. 120–129. (Call no.: RSING q959.57 CHE-[HIS]); Government buildings. (1920, September 30). The Straits Times, p. 7. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
17. New General Post Office. (1928, June 27). Malaya Tribune, p. 10. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
18. Past and present. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 9; Tan, C. (1996, July 27). Fullerton Building to be redeveloped as top-notch hotel. The Straits Times, p. 46. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
19. Past and present. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG; National Heritage Board. (2015, December 7). Former Fullerton Building. Retrieved 2017, May 14 from Roots website: https://roots.sg/Content/Places/national-monuments/former-fullerton-building
21. Dunlop, P. K. G. (2000). Street names of Singapore. Singapore: Who's Who Pub., p. 89. (Call no.: RSING 959.57 DUN-[HIS]); Leong, P. (2000, April 12). Hotel project preserves hallmarks of Fullerton Bldg. The Straits Times, p. 43. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
22. The new post office. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 11; Fullerton Building. (1928, June 28). The Singapore Free Press and Mercantile Advertiser (1884–1942), p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
23. Post office transfer. (1928, July 14). Malaya Tribune, p. 9. Retrieved from NewspaperSG; Lee, E. (1990). Historic buildings of Singapore. Singapore: Preservation of Monuments Board, p. 45. (Call no.: RSING 720.95957 LEE)
24. Past and present. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 9; The new post office. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 11. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
25. The new post office. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 11. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
26. MacLean, R. (2000). A pattern of change: The Singapore International Chamber of Commerce from 1837. Singapore: Singapore International Chamber of Commerce, pp. 110–111. (Call no.: RSING q380.10605957 MAC)
29. Lee, E. (1990). Historic buildings of Singapore. Singapore: Preservation of Monuments Board, p. 45. (Call no.: RSING 720.95957 LEE); Singapore Club. (1928, June 27). The Straits Times, p. 11. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
30. Montgomery, B. (1984). Shenton of Singapore: Governor and prisoner of war. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 133. (Call no.: RSING 941.0840924 SHE.M); Lee, T. (1996, February 27). The last post for Fullerton Building? The Straits Times, p. 18. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
31. Montgomery, B. (1984). Shenton of Singapore: Governor and prisoner of war. Singapore: Times Books International, p. 136. (Call no.: RSING 941.0840924 SHE.M); Leong, P. (2000, April 12). Hotel project preserves hallmarks of Fullerton Bldg. The Straits Times, p. 43; Lim, S. J. (1996, May 3). Grand dame gets a makeover. The Straits Times, p. 8. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
32. Leong, P. (2000, April 12). Hotel project preserves hallmarks of Fullerton Bldg. The Straits Times, p. 43; Lim, S. J. (1996, May 3). Grand dame gets a makeover. The Straits Times, p. 8. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
33. Tan, S. T. L., & Tay, M. H. (2009). Syonan years, 1942–1945: Living beneath the rising sun. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore, p. 36. (Call no.: RSING 940.530745957 TAN-[WAR])
34. Tan, S. T. L., & Tay, M. H. (2009). Syonan years, 1942–1945: Living beneath the rising sun. Singapore: National Archives of Singapore, pp. 200–205. (Call no.: RSING 940.530745957 TAN-[WAR]); Chew, M. (2001). Memories of the Fullerton. Singapore: [s.n.], p. 140. (Call no.: RSING q959.57 CHE-[HIS])
36. Wee, L. (1997, January 18). Iras veteran tells all about those taxing times. The Straits Times, p. 4. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
37. Zaccheus, M. (2015, December 8). Fullerton holds special meaning for Singaporeans, says PM Lee. The Straits Times. Retrieved from Factiva via NLB's eResources website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/
38. $22m renovation for Fullerton Bldg. (1982, August 31). The Straits Times, p. 17; $21m to spruce up Fullerton Building. (1985, May 10). The Straits Times, p. 13; A grand old lady sheds her inhibitions. (1985, August 11). The Straits Times, p. 12. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
39. Far East Group gets Fullerton Building site. (1997, October 3). The Business Times, p. 2. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
40. New look for ol' lady. (1999, May 29). The Straits Times, p. 86; Nayar, P. (2000, October 27). A grand lady set to emerge. The Business Times, p. 25; Mathi, B. (2001, January 1). PM: Fullerton's come a long way. The Straits Times, p. 1; Koh, B. P. (2000, December 15). Old look, new feel for hotel. The Straits Times, p. 3. Retrieved from NewspaperSG.
41. Liyana Othman. (2015, December 7). Fullerton Building officially gazetted as national monument. Channel NewsAsia. Retrieved from Factiva via NLB's eResources website: http://eresources.nlb.gov.sg
The information in this article is valid as at 2015 and correct as far as we are able to ascertain from our sources. It is not intended to be an exhaustive or complete history of the subject. Please contact the Library for further reading materials on the topic.
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