Some of the most popular dental topics discussed in Boulder County and Lafayette relate to cosmetic dentistry, such as teeth whitening, veneers, and dental implants. However, the desire to avoid cavities is still the main reason Louisville and Broomfield residents visit their dentists, so today the Lafayette dental blog is going to highlight the 5 things you need to know about cavities.
3. Cavities may get so bad that you will see pits or holes in your teeth, but symptoms may be more subtle, such as sensitivity, pain when biting, or a toothache. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should call your Boulder County, Louisville, or Broomfield dentist today for an appointment.
If you are in the market for quality dental care in the Lafayette area, give Gordon West DDS, Cosmetic & General Dentistry a call. We have been treating dental patients in and around Boulder since 1998. We can also answer any questions you have about cosmetic dentistry procedures such as gum contouring and smile makeovers.


We're in the business of making a difference. Bondi Laces was created with one vision in mind, to take an everyday item and turn it into a vehicle to help children in need.
With each pair of shoe laces purchased, you will be providing a child in need with approximately one week of education. Schooling provides children with essential life skills required to function in society. Over 100 million children of primary school age lack basic reading, writing and math skills.
We've partnered up with a range of charity organisation from around the world, that provides education, build schools and provide scholarships to those who need it the most. Countless children of primary school age lack basic reading, writing and math skills. For every pair of laces you purchase, we will donate a portion to charity to help a child in need.


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San Marin Pony Express
Student-run publication bringing community & campus news to our readers
Humans of San Marin
Centerspread
School locker shortage raises concerns
By stephanie metzger on October 11, 2018 • ( Leave a comment )
Locker distribution at San Marin has been a longstanding problem that does not seem to be solved. This year, with a large freshman class and an increasing number of broken lockers, these issues are more prominent than before.
Attendance Technician Jeanie Olian shared statistics on the number of lockers compared to students.
"There's still about 83 [students] that don't have lockers," Olian said. "We have over 100 lockers that have been broken for a while and have not been fixed yet."
The students that did not receive a locker this year were mostly freshmen. Many of their classes call for certain supplies, and students may have to carry them in their backpack if they do not have a locker. Freshman Gia Ongaro did not receive a locker this year.
"My backpack was really heavy, and it was kind of hard," Ongaro said. "Whenever I pulled something out, everything would fall out."
Other students, like freshman Gage B. Rizzo, who also does not have a locker, are not bothered by having to carry materials but have found the lack of a locker to be inconvenient in other ways.
"I'd rather bring my own lunch to school, but I don't want to carry around a lunch bag, so I have to eat in the cafeteria, which can run out of food," Rizzo said. "Today, I couldn't eat any food because they ran out of pizza. The guy in front of me got a plate of olives."
Some students without a locker or with a broken locker have found ways around the issue. Those who have cars store their belongings there and some without lockers shared a locker with another person.
"I was able to find someone who was able to share [a locker] with me, but it's also hard because the lockers aren't big enough for two people to fit all their stuff," Ongaro said.
Seniors recognized by National Merit Scholarship Program
Administration creates new programs to aid students
Published by stephanie metzger
View all posts by stephanie metzger
NYSA 2019 Fall Recreation League
Top categories: Archives

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Baji Rao II (, dusare bājīrāva peśave), né le  et mort le  à Bithur est le  peshwa de l'Empire marathe, principalement centré sur la moitié Nord de l'Inde actuelle.

Biographie

Chef des Marathes (1800), il est chassé de son pays en 1802 et demande alors la protection des Britanniques. Peshwa (1803), il gouverne de 1796 à 1818 et se réfugie à Bombay. Il signe avec les Anglais le traité de Bassein pour pouvoir être réinstallé au pouvoir mais doit alors accepter leur présence à Pune.

Père adoptif de Nana Sahib, celui-ci lui succède.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Naissance en janvier 1775
Décès en janvier 1851
Inde marathe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Sabah politician charged with sexually assaulting beauty contestant and another woman
Published : Thursday, June 10th, 2021 12:42 pm
Modified : Tuesday, June 15th, 2021 7:25 am
Philip Among – Malaysiakini Pix
By John Isaac
A 52-year-old politician from Sabah was charged in the Kota Kinabalu Magistrate's Court today for five counts of sexual assault on an Unduk Ngadau beauty pageant contestant and another woman.
Phillip Among @ Daniel Dell Fidelis pleaded not guilty to all charges under Section 354 of the Penal Code.
He made the plea before magistrate Jessica Ombou Kakayun.
He faces four counts of molesting the contestant on May 19 this year at four different times at separate locations in Kota Kinabalu.
Phillip was also accused of molesting another woman on April 17 this year, also in Kota Kinabalu.
If found guilty, he could be jailed up to 10 years or fined with whipping or any two of the punishments.
On the first count, Phillip was accused of molesting a woman at a living room of a premises at Asia City at 11pm on April 17.
On the second to the fifth counts, he was alleged to have molested the UN contestant at a studio at Asia City, inside a car, at the staircase beside a photo studio and at an office at Metrotown at 3.30pm, 9.45pm, 2pm and 10pm respectively on May 19.
The court fixed July 14, 21 and 22 for pre-trial case management and released the accused on an RM8,000 bail for each of the charges with two local sureties.
Counsels Marcel Jude Joseph and Abdul Fikry Jaafar Abdullah represented the accused.
Tags: charged, politician, sabah, sexual assault
Popular Rainforest World Music Festival 2021 goes virtual
"Our ancestors were known as fearless warriors and headhunters" – Alena Murang


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LG is Shutting Down its Developer Website
Earlier this year, LG announced to shut down its smartphone business in order to focus more on other profitable businesses. However, the company promised three years of OS updates to its most recent flagship phones in order to extend their life cycle. But now, LG is shutting down its developer website. Starting the new year, the Korean tech giant will no longer provide keys to unlocking bootloaders.
See Also: LG's Latest Foldable Display Tech Promises to Reduce Screen Creasing
The company has announced this on the developer website saying that the company will terminate it and "all information provided on the website and issuing the bootloader unlock key will not be available" after December 31, 2021. The company also said that it will destroy all the personal information available on the website server.
So if you plan on keeping your LG phone a bit more and you would like to root it or install a custom ROM, now is your last chance to get the key for the bootloader. After all, if you are a diehard LG fan, this is probably your best bet at keeping your handset relevant for longer.
Check Also: RIP LG: The Company Officially Closes its Smartphone Business
Sofia Mark says:
LG is slowly shutting down its all services.


text:
Q: JSON array won't decode? The JSON apparently looks likes this.
    {\"amount\":10,\"conversion_id\":\"5145fd4e04af9\",\"extra_params\":
    {\"ip\":\"99.237.185.67\",\"user_agent\":\"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64)
    AppleWebKit/537.11 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/23.0.1271.97
    Safari/537.11\"},\"job_title\":\"Answer a few questions about a website (Canada -
    Sunday task #1) (Canada Only)\",\"adjusted_amount\":8.0}

But json_decode won't work in php. HELP???

A: That is not valid JSON. In JSON keys must be quoted with ", so your stuff as JSON would be
{
    "payload": {
        "conversion_id": "32402345984532934511",
        "amount": 50,
        "adjusted_amount": 25,
        "job_title": "The title of the last job they completed (and 2 other jobs)"
    },
    "signature": "1221299611f823b8c30a347373b449ad"
}

Also see http://json.org

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Onshore US drilling activity was unchanged at a total active count of 1039 rigs; those targeting oil increased 1 with the total at 862. Across the three major unconventional oil basins, the oil rig count increased by 2 to 603, with Permian up 3, Eagle Ford flat and Williston down 1.
The expansion in US production continues; US production rose by 31,000 barrels a day to 10.8 million barrels a day. With increasing crude oil prices and rig counts over the past several months, the US EIA continues to closely monitor US crude oil production trends. The Drilling Productivity Report (DPR) provides a month-ahead projection of oil production for seven significant US shale formations that are driving US production growth.
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Petroleum Supply Monthly with data for March 2018; Weekly Petroleum Status Report, with data for the week ending May 25, 2018; Short-Term Energy Outlook, May 2018; Drilling Productivity Report, May 2018
The US$10/barrel delta between Brent and WTI is sustained by the bottlenecks in pipeline capacity out of the Permian Basin to the Gulf Coast plus the need for heavier, sour crude feedstock to optimize throughput of the Complex Refineries in SE Texas and Louisiana. US crudes are thus especially attractive to overseas buyers, with 1.1 million barrels per day exported in 2017, rising to an average of 1.86 million barrels per day in April 2018 and almost 2.1 million barrels per day in May 2018. Key customers include China and Europe in addition to traditional demand from Canada's eastern refineries.
Natural Gas – India to become a top 3 LNG importer
India, now the third largest energy consumer in the world after China and the US, is making its mark as a major LNG buyer. Last year's estimates indicate that India's natural gas consumption is about 58 billion cubic meters per annum (2.05 trillion cubic feet). As domestic gas production is not able to keep pace with increasing demand in the country, India imports close to half of the natural gas it needs, mostly as LNG. In 2017, it imported more than 19 million tonnes of LNG, making it the fourth largest LNG importer in the world, behind Japan, China and South Korea.
Before some of the recent entrants into the LNG seller space, India only had long-term LNG supply contracts with Qatar, which used to supply the vast majority of India's LNG imports. In the past few years, however, India has leveraged the buyer's market to sign long-term contracts with other exporters including the US, Australia and Russia. Currently, Qatar still remains the biggest supplier while US and Russia are becoming substantial to the Indian LNG market. In fact, there are long-term contracts in place between the Gas Authority of India Limited (GAIL) and a couple of US exporters, amounting to 5.8 million tonnes per annum (mmtpa) of LNG to India. Of the 5.8 mmtpa, 2.3 mmtpa has been contracted from Dominion's Cove Point terminal, from which the first cargo was received at the Dhabol re-gas terminal in Maharashtra, India in late March. The remaining 3.5 mmtpa has been contracted from Cheniere's Sabine Pass terminal, from which deliveries to India should be starting as soon as Train 4 at Sabine Pass begins operations.
GAIL has also made a 20-year contract with Gazprom Marketing & Trading Singapore (GMTS) to receive 2.5 mmtpa. At the Dahej import terminal in Gujarat, GAIL received its first Russian LNG cargo, originating from the Sakhalin-2 LNG terminal, on Monday this week. The contracted price of this Russian LNG is supposedly US$7/MMBtu, which seems significantly cheaper than US LNG based on GCA's estimated prices of Cove Point LNG, at US$8.50/MMBtu delivered, and Sabine Pass LNG, at US$9.20/MMBtu delivered, if the LNG carriers take the Suez Canal route to arrive at the west coast of India. If this is the case, then India may choose to bring in more LNG from Russia than from the US in the future.
Whatever the mix, the total long-term contracted LNG between India and various exporters is at 22 mmtpa to date. This level of gas consumption in India is coming from a mere 6% gas share in India's total energy mix. The government is planning to increase the share of gas in India's energy portfolio to 15% by 2030, which can only mean that LNG imports will rise in India in the coming years. This scenario bodes quite well for LNG exporters, and coupled with increasing imports in China, may create a tighter market for LNG much more quickly than previously expected.
Crude Oil – US gasoline consumption
Gasoline consumption by household vehicles depends on both driving behavior (measured by vehicle miles traveled, or VMT) and vehicle fuel economy (measured in miles per gallon). Changes in gasoline prices are typically the primary factor in short-term fluctuations in gasoline expenditures, while changes in VMT and fuel economy (i.e., vehicle purchases) are more likely to influence longer-term trends.
In 2017, the total VMT for household vehicles was 2.11 trillion vehicle miles, down from the 2.25 trillion vehicle miles reported by NHTS for 2009, the previous NHTS survey year. Vehicle travel in households with only one vehicle increased from 2009 to 2017, which was the only category to do so.
US households with more than one vehicle, the average use per vehicle within a household is greatest in a two-vehicle home, where the average vehicle travels about 11,000 miles. This average declines as households add more vehicles; a six-vehicle home averages about 6,700 miles per vehicle.
Households in the United States with more vehicles not only travel more, but they often put more miles on their most-used (primary) vehicle compared with households with fewer vehicles, according to the Federal Highway Administration's National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). Households with just one vehicle drove an average of about 11,100 miles per year, while households with more than five vehicles traveled a total of about 41,800 miles; each additional vehicle within a household had less average use. About two-thirds of households have either one or two vehicles.
Total US rig count (including the Gulf of Mexico) stands at 1062, up 2 this week. The horizontal rig count stands at 934, up 5 this week.
Compared to a November 2014 figure of 1,876 active rigs, the current level is above 50% of the 2014 high. The rig market is tighter than it appears because many older rigs have been scrapped, cannibalized for spare parts, or are simply unsuitable for drilling the very long wells now favored by shale producers.
US crude oil refinery inputs averaged 17.4 million barrels per day, with refineries at 95.4% of their operating capacity last week. This is 214,000 barrels per day more than the previous week's average.
US gasoline demand over the past four weeks was 9.5 million barrels, down 1.1% from a year ago. Total commercial petroleum inventories increased by 15.8 million barrels last week.
US crude imports averaged 8.3 million barrels per day last week, up by 0.715 million barrels per day from the previous week. Over the last four weeks, crude oil imports averaged 7.9 million barrels per day, 4.4% less than the same four-week period last year.
US crude exports averaged 1.714 million barrels per day last week, a decrease of 465,000 barrels per day from the previous week. Over the last four weeks, crude oil exports averaged 2.052 million barrels per day, 129.8% more than the same four-week period last year.
Crude oil inventories increased 2.1 million barrels from the previous week. The crude stored at Cushing (the main price point for WTI) decreased 0.9 million barrels; total stored is 34.6 million barrels (~38% utilization).


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Mar 05 West Indies Cricketer Runako Morton dies in car crash
ROAD TOWN, Tortola, VI [Posted 8:53 a.m.] – Nevisian, Leeward Islands and West Indies cricketer Runako Morton died in a road accident in Trinidad and Tobago on Sunday March 4, 2012, Police have confirmed.
Morton, 33, crashed into a utility pole on the Solomon Hochoy Highway in Chase Village in central Trinidad. He was on his way home from a cricket match, and was the sole occupant of the vehicle. The accident occurred at around 11p.m. local time.
Morton was one of the few players from the tiny island of Nevis to play Tests for West Indies. He represented Leeward Islands from his debut in 1996-97 till 2009-10, when he shifted base to Trinidad and Tobago. He scored 4104 first-class runs for Leewards at 44.60 with 11 centuries and 25 fifties. He played five first-class matches for Trinidad, scoring 189 runs.
He played 15 Tests and 56 ODIs for West Indies, with his last appearance for his country coming against Australia in a Twenty20 international in 2010. He underachieved as a Test batsman, scoring 573 runs at an average of 22.03 with four half-centuries. He had a better record as a one-day player, scoring 1519 runs at an average of 33.75 with two centuries and ten fifties.
His maiden ODI century (110*) came in a losing cause against New Zealand in 2006. Two months later, he scored another century, but in a washed-out contest against Zimbabwe in Trinidad. However, one of his most significant one-day knocks was his match-winning unbeaten 90 against Australia in the 2006 Champions Trophy.
His in-and-out career continued with a recall for the 2007 England trip and he made runs against Zimbabwe later that year but his form never remained consistent. His most recent fifty was the unbeaten 85 against India at Kingston in 2009. His last Test appearance came in 2008 against Australia in Antigua.
Explosive batsman Chris Gayle has poured his condolences on Twitter, "We lost a True Warrior W.I Cricketer Runako Morton-May is soul rest in peace! Our memories together Live On!-My Condolences to his Family."
"My thoughts go out to Runako Morton's family this morning… Such sad news!! What a lovely guy & fierce competitor!! RIP bossman!!!," tweeted England cricketer Kevin Pietersen.
More in this category: « Prince Harry Beats Bolt in Friendly Race Kartel says police 'slaughtering' him »


Why cant I find the users in "Choose a user or group"?
Not too long back, when you wanted to connect a call to your team, take voicemail or send email, you had the ability to select a single user or a group. Something like this.
While this option was convenient, its drawback was also that it was convenient to send the call only to a user, and not a group. Over time, we were able to see the effects of this on the customer.
The clients regularly missed calls because there was only one user to take the calls.
If the call is routed to a group, in the inbox, you can see calls attended by groups. This isn't possible if you select a user.
Because these reasons made sense, we have removed the ability to select users to connect calls to, or send voicemails to. You will necessarily have to select a group.


Customers of Panora Telco live, work and play in One. Connected. Community. They are connected to the world with a FiberFast network – that delivers ultra fast Internet, FiberTV and reliable crystal clear voice services. The staff at Panora Telco exists to make technology work for customers – not the other way around. We make it Simple & Easy for you!


I have always been interested in figurative art that is grounded in realism yet isn?t confined by its rules, and takes great expressive liberties with the human form. When I was a teenager, I wanted to be a comic book artist. I liked the over the top subjects and styles of the medium. The extreme simplification- things are reduced to their most essential elements. And then the essential elements are exaggerated.
As I got into painting and studied art history, I found myself attracted to works by artists who pushed the boundaries of the human form in a more expressive and interesting manner than the comic books I had been looking at previously.
These artists span different movements and eras, and I casually refer to their work with the catch-all term ?Weird Figuration.? Schiele, Dix, Grosz, Balthus, El Greco, Ingres, Ensor, and Alice Neel are but a few of them. I like to think of my work as a continuation of this long-running tradition and, hopefully, adding something new to it.
My paintings are typically not portraits of actual individuals. I often have specific characteristics I want the figure to have and it can be difficult to find a person who embodies all of them so I usually use a combination of different people. Instead of looking at an individual and trying to capture their essential qualities in a representation, I start with my own ideas of what I want the figure to feel like and then take bits and pieces from different sources to construct what I am after. In that way, I guess my paintings are the opposite of portraits. They are not a reflection of reality, but a suggestion of what reality could be.


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Why Be Catholic? - Ten good reasons for becoming Catholic
Jesus has founded one Church* (not a collection of denominations), and it is His will that all would be part of His one Church.
Jesus founded a visible Church* with visible leaders, not an invisible body with no real authority.
Through apostolic succession and apostolic tradition*, the Church hands down the authentic teachings of Christ and his apostles.
Jesus gave to His Church a charism of infallibility* which gives us certainty in important matters of faith and morals and enables us to know with confidence what to believe and how to live.
In the Catholic Church alone can be found the fullness of the means of salvation* and all of the means to grow in holiness and in virtue*.
The Church's Sacred Liturgy* inserts us into the Paschal Mystery and joins us with the heavenly worship of the angels and saints.
The Church mediates to us Christ's sacraments*: the channels of God's grace, God's life and God's love poured out into us.
In the Church you can receive the Eucharist*, the Body and Blood of the Lord and the source and summit of the Christian life.
In the Catholic Church you become fully united with our earthly and heavenly family: the communion of saints*.
Jesus has given us His mother Miriam* (Mary) as mother of the Church and as our own mother who loves us and watches over us.
1. Jesus founded One Church*, not a collection of denominations
We know from the Gospel of John how serious was Jesus' desire that his followers be united. He prayed that all believers "may be one, as You, Father, are in Me, and I in You; that they also may be one in Us, that the world may believe that You sent Me" (Jn 17:20-21). When we read the New Testament, we see that Jesus founded only one Church, united under the leadership of Peter and the apostles. He never established a loose collection of denominations as they exist today, each one differing and disagreeing with the other on important doctrines and moral issues. The Eastern Orthodox Churches broke away from unity with the pope in 1054. The protestant denominations further damaged the unity of Christianity when they began to break away from the Catholic Church in the sixteenth century, and they continue to fragment themselves to our own day. Even the newer "non-denominational" churches, although they avoid labeling themselves under a particular denominational name, really are another form of evangelical denomination. And the Messianic Jewish movement, while pursuing the noble goal of rediscovering the Jewish roots of Christianity, is plagued by the same lack of unity as the Protestant communities.
The one, universal Church which Jesus has founded and which has preserved its unity now for 2,000 years, all while spreading to all times and places, is the Catholic Church.
By remaining outside of the Catholic Church you are therefore contributing, even if unconsciously and through no fault of your own, to the disunity of the body of Christ. By joining the Catholic Church you join the original Church that Jesus the Messiah founded, and you contribute to the unity of the Church for which He prayed!
2. Jesus founded a visible Church* with visible leaders
Why is there such a lack of unity among Protestant / Evangelical / Messianic communities? Because of the absence of legitimately ordained authority. Often it is said that the church is simply the invisible union of all believers, led by the Holy Spirit and whose head is Christ, but left without any ultimate human authority here on earth. This theory, however, is not biblical and does not work in practice. In fact, it has caused tremendous confusion and division in the Body of Christ.
When one looks at the Bible one finds a completely different picture: At the time of the Exodus, God's people were united under the leadership of Moses and seventy elders, who transmitted the Word of God to the people, interpreted it, and settled disputes (Exo 18:13-26, Num 11:16-25). This continued at the time of the Davidic Kingdom, when the nation was united under the king's authority, subject to the words of the Prophets.
The picture is similar in the New Testament: Jesus gave to His Church a real human leader in the person of Peter. Jesus said that Peter would be the rock on his He would build his Church. He gave him the keys of the kingdom of heaven (Mat 16:17-19), appointed him as chief shepherd of the Church (Jn 21:15-17), and commissioned him to strengthen the other apostles in their faith (Lk 22:31-32). In addition, Jesus also gave his own authority to the other apostles, telling them "he who hears you, hears me" (Lk 10:16) and empowering them to forgive sins (Jn 20:23). You can read in the book of Acts how Peter and the apostles led the Church in proclaiming the gospel and in making important decisions (Acts 2:1-41, 15:7-12).
By joining the Catholic Church you become a part of the Church modeled after God's people in the Bible and you place yourself under the authority which Jesus himself appointed.
3. Jesus established an apostolic succession and apostolic tradition* which hands down His authentic teachings and those of the apostles
But, you may ask, has this divinely appointed authority been preserved in the Church until our own day? Yes it has, through apostolic succession and apostolic tradition. After Judas died, Peter and the apostles immediately chose a successor to replace him (Acts 1:15-26). We also see in the New Testament the apostles ordaining presbyters (Acts 14:23, Tit 1:5), and handing down their own authority to their successors: "what you heard from me entrust to faithful teachers who will be able to teach others also" (2 Tim 2:2). We also read of a triple structure of authority in the New Testament which includes bishops, presbyters (priests) and deacons (1 Tim 3:1,8, 5:17). From the earliest times, bishops have been considered to be the successors of the apostles, with the bishop of Rome being the successor of Peter, who died in Rome. And so the unity of the Church is safeguarded through the passing down of Christ's teachings by the apostolic succession of the bishop of Rome, the pope, in union with all the other bishops, the successors of the other apostles.
The first and most natural reaction to this claim is often: "why should I submit myself to the authority of these men? History has shown how people can abuse their authority and make errors of judgment!" It is true than whenever people exercise positions of authority there is a danger of abuse of authority. Yet we are never totally free of human authority in spiritual matters. The moment we attend a church, we begin to submit to the pastor's authority and teachings - which can also stray from truth and charity. And if we entirely reject authority and accountability, then we become our own authority, with our own fallibility, limitations and blind spots. In other words, we must chose the authority under which we submit: either it will be the authority that Christ himself appointed, under which he promised that "the Spirit of truth will guide you into all truth" (Jn 16:13) and against which "the gates of Hades will not prevail" (Mat 16:18), or it will be the fallible authority of someone else. Rejecting the authority of the pope means that every pastor, or even every individual becomes his own 'pope'. This is not a recipe for unity but for anarchy. Much better is to accept the authority which Christ has appointed and which faithfully guards Christ's teachings, as He has promised!
By joining the Catholic Church you get to tap into the authentic teachings of Jesus and the apostles as passed down through apostolic tradition!
4. The infallibility* of the Church gives us certainty in what to believe and in how to live
The best reason for submitting to the authority of the Catholic Church is because Jesus has endowed it with a special charism of infallibility which safeguards doctrinal unity and guarantees certainty in her teachings. If you have been a Protestant, Evangelical Christian or Messianic Jew for a while, you will probably have heard hundreds of different sermons and teachings interpreting the Bible in different ways that sometimes seriously contradict each other. Perhaps you count yourself among the many believers who feel more confused and less certain about your faith now than a few years ago because of all the different and contradictory teachings, theories, and interpretations of the Bible that you have heard.
Jesus never intended for it to be that way. Nowhere in the Bible do we see every believer consulting his/her Bible and deciding for himself/herself what to believe without appealing to a higher authority. Believers in the first four centuries of the Church did not even have a New Testament they could consult (the NT canon was only closed in 393-397 AD). Their ultimate authority in matters of faith and morals was the authority of the apostles and their successors. We have just seen how Jesus promised to the apostles that "the gates of Hades will not prevail" against the Church, and that the Holy Spirit would lead them into all truth and "will teach you all things, and bring to your remembrance all things that I said to you" (Jn 14:26). Indeed, the Church is called in the New Testament the "pillar and foundation of truth" (1 Tim 3:15).
Though our post-modern society exalts skepticism and uncertainty, it is impossible to build one's life without a solid foundation. Bible believers do have a foundation in Christ and in the Word of God, but this foundation is often undermined by all the conflicting interpretations of Scripture. By contrast, it is a wonderful thing to be certain about what to believe and how to live. The Holy Spirit has faithfully guided the Church for two thousand years so that we can know with confidence how the apostles and the first believers understood and interpreted the Scriptures. Read for yourself the Catechism of the Catholic Church (or its shorter Compendium) to gain clarity on what the Scriptures really say in light of the Church's tradition about important matters such as God's revelation, creation, the nature of man, the Trinity, the divinity of the Messiah, his expected second coming, the Holy Spirit, the nature of the Church, Mary the mother of Jesus, life after death, the effects of baptism, the Lord's Supper, how we are saved, and much more.
Equally as important is the question of how we are to live, or important moral issues. Though the Bible is clear on certain moral issues, on others it is not. Which commandments were preconditioned by time and culture, and which ones are absolute and unchanging? For example, the Bible forbids the shaving of the corners of one's beard, the printing of tattoos, and the eating of shrimps, and it commands women to cover their heads when praying; yet it has nothing to say against abortion, slavery, artificial insemination or human cloning. How are we to interpret the Ten Commandments today? Without authoritative tradition, believers remain at the whim of their pastor's interpretation of the Scriptures; or they must rely on their own private judgment, easily prone to error, and they will find it very difficult to clearly know what is right or wrong. The result can fluctuate between individualistic moral anarchy, where one falls into many sins out of ignorance, and slavish moral legalism, where one abstains from many good things through the fear that they may be sinful. Much better is to draw from the well of the Church's timeless wisdom, guided by the Holy Spirit, in order to really know what is right and wrong and thus find joyful freedom in living out a holy life.
Of course, the infallibility of the Church does not mean that its leaders will always lead an impeccable life. The pope, bishops and priests are sinners too, and they are not immune against moral failure, as this has often happened and, sadly, will happen again. Yet this is another testimony of God's faithfulness and greatness, that He infallibly guides in matters of faith and morals a Church made of fallible sinners like you and me.
By joining the Catholic Church you can know for sure what to believe and how to live regarding the most important matters of life!
5. The Church conveys to us the fullness of the means of salvation* and of the means to grow in holiness and in virtue*
If you believe in Christ and have been baptized, then you are already on the road to salvation. However, accepting Christ by faith as Lord and Savior is not enough to be saved, according to the Bible. Jesus himself said that "not everyone who says to Me, 'Lord, Lord,' shall enter the kingdom of heaven, but he who does the will of My Father in heaven" (Mt 7:21), and that only "he who endures to the end shall be saved" (Mt 24:13). Paul, the great apostle, warned believers to remain in God's goodness, "otherwise you also will be cut off" (Rom 11:22). He exhorts us to "work out your salvation in fear and trembling" (Phil 2:12) and speaks of disciplining his own body and bringing it under subjection "lest, when I have preached to others, I myself should become disqualified" (1 Cor 9:27). Our works also play an important role towards our salvation, since "God will repay each one according to his works" (Rom 2:5-8, 2 Cor 5:10, 1 Pet 1:17, Rev 20:12-13).
We are saved entirely by God's grace, with no initial merit on our part (Eph 2:8). However, we must also work out our salvation in fear and trembling, and "must through many tribulations enter the kingdom of God" (Acts 14:22). As a believer in Jesus, you already have many of the "tools" that help you to work out your salvation in cooperation with God's grace: through faith in Christ and baptism you have had your former sins washed away and received His forgiveness; by reading the Word of God you learn His will to some degree and follow His guidance; through prayer you receive God's help and strength; through praise He touches you with His joy; through works of charity you grow in his likeness and in His selflessness.
However, by remaining outside of the Church, you are missing out on many of the "tools" that Jesus has given us to advance our salvation and that of the world, and to help us grow in holiness. You are continuing on the road to salvation with only "partial equipment" to reach the goal, and thus this goal will be much more difficult to reach. We have already discussed the importance of authority: detached from the Church's authoritative tradition you are exposed to false teachings which may slow you down and even stop you on your way to salvation. You are missing out on the Eucharist, Christ's own body and blood and the most intimate union between the Bridegroom and His bride (see below). You are also deprived of most of the other sacraments which the Lord has given us and which convey to us his power and his grace in a very real way. You do not fully benefit of the protection and intercession of our mother Mary and of the full communion of the saints in heaven and on earth, since possibly you do not even believe in them - and much more!
By joining the Catholic Church you get to tap into the fullness of the blessings that the Lord has given us for our salvation and sanctification!
6. The Church's Sacred Liturgy* inserts us into the Paschal Mystery and joins us with the heavenly worship of the angels and saints
If you have been going to an Evangelical church or Messianic congregation for a while, you have no doubt gotten accustomed to loosely structured meetings, perhaps charismatic, with much emphasis on lively praise and worship, and extensive preaching from the Bible. Though there is nothing wrong with this format, it does bear the problem that it is heavily dependant upon the quality of the ministers. If the worship team is lousy and the preacher boring or irrelevant, there is hardly any point in showing up there. It may well be more beneficial to stay at home and pray alone or with a few friends. Many believers who have been exposed to evangelical/messianic worship for a while begin to feel a need for worship which is less centered upon man and more centered upon God, with less talking, less activities and programs, less novelty, less hype, but rather more depth, more reverence, more mystery and more awe before our Maker. In other words, they long for liturgy.
Often, when we pray to God in our own words we run out of things to say. This is quite normal, for everyone feels at times spiritually weak, tired, uninspired, or dry. In this case, you may have picked up a Bible and prayed the psalms out loud, and felt how the inspired words of Scripture, turned into your own prayer, lifted your soul and expressed things that you could not have come up with on your own. This is the power of the liturgy: the lofty words of prayer uttered by the inspired biblical authors or the spiritual masters and saints, drawn from the rich spiritual treasures of the Church, become your own words. These words unite your mind and heart with the great spiritual figures that preceded us and draw you into the Church's timeless liturgy, united with the heavenly liturgy which transcends time and space.
Liturgical prayer, of course, has been the traditional and historical way of common prayer in both Judaism and Christianity since the origins of the two faiths. While it is important to always nurture a personal, spontaneous dialogue with the Lord in one's private prayer life, the public prayer of God's people has always been primarily liturgical.
By joining the Catholic Church you become a part of the rich Sacred Tradition of the Church and an active participant in her Sacred Liturgy, the very heart of Christ's Paschal Mystery celebrated in union with all the angels and saints in heaven and on earth!
7. The Church mediates to us Christ's sacraments*: the channels of God's grace, God's life and God's love poured out into us
The greatest and most powerful gifts that the Lord has given us, and the most amazing testimony of His love are the seven sacraments which He instituted. Through the seven sacraments the Messiah endows us with His very life and love. One could say that they are like "channels" connecting heaven and earth by which God pours out His grace onto His children. They fill us with the Holy Spirit; they heal us, cleanse us, feed us, and strengthen us. Since they impart to us God's life, they are the most effective means by which we are made holy; they are also the most powerful weapons by which we wage spiritual warfare. The sacraments are not just symbols but signs that actually convey God's grace and love. The seven sacraments are:
Baptism*: the new birth that washes away our sins (Tit 3:5), gives us the Holy Spirit, and baptizes us into Christ's death and resurrection (Rom 6:3-7).
Confirmation*: the fullness of the outpouring of the Holy Spirit which strengthens us and inserts us fully into the Church's mission (Acts 8:14-17).
The Eucharist*: the greatest of sacraments where the Messiah feeds us with His own Body and Blood, soul and divinity (Mark 14:22-24, Jn 6:53).
Reconciliation (Confession)*: the way to receive forgiveness for sins committed after baptism, entrusted by Jesus to the apostles (Jn 20:22-23).
Anointing of the Sick*: grants us help to endure illness and sometimes heals us, cleanses our soul, and helps us to prepare to meet God (Js 5:14-15).
Matrimony*: In marriage, husband and wife become a living sign of the faithful relationship between Christ and the Church (Eph 5:21-33)
Holy Orders*: Jesus called certain men to a special priestly ministry, in addition to our own role as 'kingdom of priests' (Rom 15:15-16).
Tragically, at the time of the Protestant reformation, large numbers of Christians lost five of these seven sacraments, and this sad situation remains to our own day. These sacraments were lost partly because the reformers lost faith in them, and partly because they rejected the priesthood (Holy Orders) upon which they are dependent, for the sacraments of confirmation, the Eucharist, reconciliation, and the anointing of the sick require a validly ordained priesthood (and apostolic succession) to be validly administered. Only the sacraments of baptism and matrimony remain among those believers who have not retained apostolic succession. Even worse, an increasing number of Messianic groups who baptize only in the name of Jesus rather than in the name of the Father, of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, do not even have a valid baptism. The Orthodox churches, by contrast, though they are not in union with the papacy, have retained valid apostolic succession and Holy Orders, and therefore still have seven valid sacraments.
By joining the Catholic Church you get to receive the fullness of Christ's power and love that he gives us through the seven sacraments!
8. In the Church you can receive the great gift of the Eucharist*: the Body and Blood of the Lord and the source and summit of the Christian life.
The Eucharist is called "the sacraments of sacraments" and is "the source and summit of the Christian life." It is such a great gift that it is a reason in itself - indeed perhaps the greatest reason - for joining the Catholic Church. At the Last Supper - a Passover Seder - Jesus said to his disciples after he blessed the bread and the wine: "Take and eat; this is my body... this is my blood of the covenant, which is poured out for many for the forgiveness of sins" (Mt 26:26-28). He then commanded them: "Do this in memory of me" (Luke 22:19). At the first Passover, which initiated the Exodus out of Egypt, God commanded the Israelites to sacrifice a lamb and sprinkle its blood on the doorposts as protection against the angel of death. Then they ate the lamb as a sign of their covenant with God. At the Last Supper Jesus revealed himself as the Lamb of God who takes away the sins of the world, seals a new covenant with us and protects us from eternal death.
Now we also must eat the lamb - the body and blood of the new Paschal sacrifice which becomes present before us at every Mass. Jesus himself had previously said: "unless you eat the flesh of the Son of Man and drink his blood, you have no life in you. Whoever eats my flesh and drinks my blood has eternal life... For my flesh is real food and my blood is real drink" (Jn 6:53-55). This was a shocking statement, and as a result many of his disciples left him (Jn 6:66). Sadly, this is similar to what happened at the Reformation, when many Christians decided they could no longer accept the words of the Savior. Since then, a large part of Christianity has tragically been deprived of the Eucharist, God's greatest gift to us, either because they don't have faith in the Real Presence or because they have no valid priesthood, necessary to consecrate the bread and wine so that they become the body and blood of the Lord. And so they remain with a communion service which, though it may remember the Lord's Passion in a beautiful way, merely consists of bread and wine rather than the Lord's true and substantial presence given to them. As a result, since non-Catholic believers do not accept the full teachings of the Catholic Church, they are not permitted to occasionally go to a Catholic church and receive the Eucharist. This is because the sacrament is a sign of full communion and full unity between believers (CCC 1400), and sharing the Eucharist together with those who do not fully accept the authority and teachings of the Church would falsely give the impression that there exists a full unity between us, while in reality we have not yet attained this full unity of faith. This is not a rejection of our non-Catholic brothers and sisters in Christ, but rather an invitation to them to learn more about the Catholic faith so that they too may come to full unity with the Church and partake of the Lamb's banquet!
The loss of the Eucharist to so many believers is particularly sad because the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist was uncontested for the first millennium of Christian history. Paul himself wrote that "whoever eats the bread or drinks the cup of the Lord in an unworthy manner will be guilty of sinning against the body and blood of the Lord" (1 Cor 11:27). About 50 years later (107 AD), bishop Ignatius of Antioch wrote that "heretics abstain from the Eucharist and from prayer because they do not confess that the Eucharist is the flesh of our Savior Jesus Christ" (Letter to Smyrnaeans 6,2,2). Many other Church Fathers used equally strong language testifying of the Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist.
By joining the Catholic Church you get to partake of the marriage supper of the Lamb and eat at the Lord's Table at every Mass. You get to receive God's greatest gift, the Eucharist - the body and blood, soul and divinity of the Lord who loved you and gave himself for you. This is the most possible intimate union on earth between God and man, a kiss between heaven and earth which nothing else can replace. When you receive the Eucharist, you receive God's very life of love which supercharges you with His power and His grace. Is this really something that you want to do without?
9. In the Catholic Church you become fully united with our earthly and heavenly family: the communion of saints*.
God does not only save us as individuals. He saves us "in bunches" - as a family, a community, a people, a kingdom. Many believers have a rather individualistic view of salvation, seeing it as primarily "me and Jesus." They do ask others here on earth to pray for them, but deny that any help from the saints in heaven is possible or desirable. They see such mediation as a form of spiritism condemned in Deut 18, or a violation of 1 Tim 2:5 which states that there is "one mediator between God and man, the man Christ Jesus." Jesus is of course our one mediator before God, but this does not mean that we can't participate in this mediation. Every time you pray for someone, you are actually mediating for him/her before God. God in fact encourages this type of intercessory mediation (1 Tim 2:1), and we can see in the New Testament that it also continues after death, where the saints who have gone to be with the Lord continue to be with us and help us along the way towards our final goal. They are a "great cloud of witnesses" (Heb 12:1) that surrounds us, the "spirits of just men made perfect" to whom we come in the heavenly Jerusalem (Heb 12:22-23). Even the rich man who suffers in Hades intercedes for his brothers still alive and asks Abraham to send Lazarus to his father's house to warn them (Luke 16:19-31). The rich man plays here - in purgatory? - an intercessory role, and Abraham acts as mediator between him, God, and his brothers. In the book of Revelation we also see elders and angels bringing to God bowls of incense, which are the prayers of the saints on earth (Rev 5:8, 8:3), and the souls of martyrs supplicating God: "how long, O Lord, holy and true, until You judge and avenge our blood on those who dwell on the earth?" (Rev 6:9)
God is interested in the personal salvation of each one of us, but He is just as interested in the communion of love between us, a communion which cannot be broken by death (Rom 8:35-39). God's family includes all members of His Church, whether on earth, in heaven, or those still being purified in purgatory (1 Cor 3:12-15). The saints who have preceded us are our examples in holiness; there in heaven their love has become complete, and they are in an even better position to help us with their prayers than when they were on earth. They pray for us from above, we can ask for their help from here below, and we are also called to pray for those who suffer in purgatory. If you have ever had a loved one pass away, is it not one of the most natural and human reactions to pray for him/her or to ask for his or her help from heaven?
By joining the Catholic Church you take a full part in the eternal, loving communion of saints in heaven, on earth and in purgatory.
10. Jesus has given us His mother Miriam* (Mary) as our own mother who loves us and watches over us
God has given us a mother. When Jesus, a few moments before his death, saw His mother Mary and his disciple John at the foot of the cross, he said to Mary "behold your Son" and to John "behold your mother" (Jn 19:26). In His hour of agony, Jesus was doing more than a private family arrangement. He was making Mary the mother of all humanity.
When the eternal Son of God became man, he dwelt in the womb of this young Jewish virgin for nine months. Just as the Ark of the Covenant had previously been a holy vessel containing the true presence of God in the Tabernacle and Temple, God chose Mary to be His holy "Ark of the New Covenant" containing His very presence. In order to prepare her for such a noble task, he gave her the fullness of His grace and saved her from all sin. This is why the angel greeted her with the words: "Hail, full of grace" (Luk 1:28).
God's 'business' throughout Scripture is to humble the proud and to exalt the lowly, as Mary herself said: "He has scattered the proud in the imagination of their hearts. He has put down the mighty from their thrones, and exalted the lowly" (Luke 1:51-52). God chose to enter humanity through this most humble young woman. In the Gospels her role is modest and self-effaced. Her greatness is not revealed through great words or actions, but rather through her quiet faith and obedience to God's Word, and her faithfulness in raising Jesus and in giving herself entirely to His person and work. Yet with prophetic foresight she also saw that God would give her an exalted place in the story of salvation when she said: "all generations will call me blessed" (Luke 1:48).
We can catch a glimpse of Mary's exalted role in the book of Revelation. In a heavenly vision, John sees the Ark of the Covenant appear in the heavenly temple (Rev 11:19). Immediately afterward, he sees "a woman clothed with the sun, with the moon under her feet, and on her head a garland of twelve stars," who "being with child... cried out in labor and in pain to give birth" to "a male Child who was to rule all nations with a rod of iron" (Rev 12:1-2,5). This child is the Messiah Jesus, and his mother, the woman, is Mary, daughter of Israel and mother of the Church. She is also the woman whose seed would bruise the head of the serpent, as God promised after the Fall of Adam and Eve (Gen 3:15). Mary plays a key role in spiritual warfare against the devil: "And the dragon was enraged with the woman, and he went to make war with the rest of her offspring, who keep the commandments of God and have the testimony of Jesus Christ" (Rev 12:17). Who are "the rest of the woman's offspring"? We are. Mary is our loving mother, our model, and our advocate. She prays for us and helps us along the way to heaven. She does not take Jesus' place but rather leads us to Him. By following her example of humility, obedience, faithfulness, holiness and love, we will grow in her likeness and in the likeness of Jesus.
By joining the Catholic Church you come into full communion with God's human family whose mother and model is Mary: daughter of Israel, mother of the Messiah, and mother of the Church.


We all should learn from failure—but it's difficult to do so objectively. In this excerpt from "Failing to Learn and Learning to Fail (Intelligently)" in Long Range Planning Journal, HBS professor Amy Edmondson and coauthor Mark Cannon offer a process for analyzing what went wrong.
It hardly needs to be said that organizations cannot learn from failures if people do not discuss and analyze them. Yet this remains an important insight. The learning that is potentially available may not be realized unless thoughtful analysis and discussion of failure occurs. For example, for Kaiser [Permanente's] Dr. [Kim] Adcock, it is not enough just to know that a particular physician is making more than the acceptable number of errors [in misread x-rays]. Unless deeper analysis of the nature of the radiologists' errors is conducted, it is difficult to learn what needs to be corrected. On a larger scale, the U.S. Army is known for conducting After Action Reviews that enable participants to analyze, discuss, and learn from both the successes and failures of a variety of military initiatives. Similarly, hospitals use "Morbidity and Mortality" (M&M) conferences (in which physicians convene to discuss significant mistakes or unexpected deaths) as a forum for identifying, discussing, and learning from failures. This analysis can only be effective if people speak up openly about what they know and if others listen, enabling a new understanding of what happened to emerge in the assembled group. Many of these vehicles for analysis only address substantial failures, however, rather than identifying and learning from smaller ones.
An example of effective analysis of failure is found in the meticulous and painstaking analysis that goes into understanding the crash of an airliner. Hundreds of hours may go into gathering and analyzing data to sort out exactly what happened and what can be learned. Compare this kind of analysis to what takes place in most organizations after a failure.
As noted above, social systems tend to discourage this kind of analysis. First, individuals experience negative emotions when examining their own failures, and this can chip away at self-confidence and self-esteem. Most people prefer to put past mistakes behind them rather than revisit and unpack them for greater understanding.
Second, conducting an analysis of a failure requires a spirit of inquiry and openness, patience, and a tolerance for ambiguity. However, most managers admire and are rewarded for decisiveness, efficiency, and action rather than for deep reflection and painstaking analysis.
Third, psychologists have spent decades documenting heuristics and psychological biases and errors that reduce the accuracy of human perception, sense making, estimation, and attribution.1 These can hinder the human ability to analyze failure effectively.
Recent research in the hospital setting by [A. L.] Tucker and Edmondson shows that health care organizations typically fail to analyze or make changes even when people are well aware of failures. Whether medical errors or simply problems in the work process, few hospital organizations dig deeply enough to understand and capture the potential learning from failures. Processes, resources, and incentives to bring multiple perspectives and multiple minds together to carefully analyze what went wrong and how to prevent the occurrence of similar failures in the future are lacking in most organizations.
Conducting an analysis of a failure requires a spirit of inquiry and openness, patience, and a tolerance for ambiguity.
Thus formal processes or forums for discussing, analyzing, and applying the lessons of failure elsewhere in the organization are needed to ensure that effective analysis and learning from failure occurs. Such groups are most effective when people have technical skills, expertise in analysis, and diverse views, allowing them to brainstorm and explore different interpretations of a failure's causes and consequences. Because this usually involves the potential for conflict that can escalate, people skilled in interpersonal or group process, or expert outside facilitators, can help keep the process productive.
Next, skills for managing a group process of analyzing a failure with a spirit of inquiry and sufficient understanding of the scientific method are essential inputs to learning from failure as an organization. Without a structure of rigorous analysis and deep probing, individuals tend to leap prematurely to unfounded conclusions and misunderstand complicated problems. Some understanding of system dynamics, the ability to see patterns, statistical process controls, and group dynamics can be very helpful.4 To illustrate how this works in real organizations, we review a few case study examples below.
Edmondson et al. report how Julie Morath, the Chief Operating Officer at the Minneapolis Children's Hospital, implemented processes and forums for the effective analysis of failures, both large and small. She bolstered her own technical knowledge of how to probe more deeply into the causes of failure in hospitals by attending the Executive Sessions on Medical Errors and Patient Safety at Harvard University, which emphasized that, rather than being the fault of a single individual, medical errors tend to have multiple, systemic causes. In addition, she made structural changes within the organization to create a context in which failure could be identified, analyzed, and learned from.
To create a forum for learning from failure, Morath developed a Patient Safety Steering Committee (PSSC). Not only was the PSSC proactive in seeking to identify failures, it ensured that all failures were subject to analysis so that learning could take place. For example, the PSSC determined that "Focused Event Studies" would be conducted not only after serious medical accidents but even after much smaller scale errors or "near misses." These formal studies were forums designed explicitly for the purpose of learning from mistakes by probing deeply into their causes. In addition, cross-functional teams, known as "Safety Action Teams," spontaneously formed in certain clinical areas to understand better how failures occurred, thereby proactively improving medical safety. One clinical group developed something they called a "Good Catch Log" to record information that might be useful in better understanding and reducing medical errors. Other teams in the hospital quickly followed their example, finding the idea compelling and practical.
In the pharmaceutical industry, about 90 percent of newly developed drugs fail in the experimental stage, and thus drug companies have plenty of opportunities to analyze failure. Firms that are creative in analyzing failure benefit in two ways. First, analyzing a failed drug sometimes reveals that the drug may have a viable alternate use. For example, Pfizer's Viagra was originally designed to be a treatment for angina, a painful heart condition. Similarly, Eli Lilly discovered that a failed contraceptive drug could treat osteoporosis and thus developed their one-billion-dollar-a-year drug, Evista, while Strattera, a failed antidepressant, was discovered to be an effective treatment for hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder.
To help build an organization's ability to analyze its own failures, outside sources of technical assistance in analyzing failure can be engaged. For example, Frederick Reichheld at Bain and Company has demonstrated the value of a deep, probing analysis of failure in the areas of customer and employee defections. In one instance, the fact that most customers who defected from a particular bank gave "interest rates" as the reason for switching banks seemed to suggest that their original bank's interest rates were not competitive. However, his additional investigation demonstrated that there were no significant differences in interest rates across the banks. Careful probing through interviews indicated that many customers defected because they were irritated by the fact that they had been aggressively solicited for a bank-provided credit card, and then had their applications turned down. A superficial analysis of customer defection would have led to the conclusion that the bank's interest rates were not competitive. A deeper analysis led to an alternate conclusion: The bank's marketing department needed to do a better job of screening in advance the customers to whom it promoted such cards.
Failure analysis can reach beyond the company walls to include customers.
In addition to the technical aspects of systematic analysis, discussing failures has important social and organizational benefits. First, discussion provides an opportunity for others who may not have been directly involved in the failure to learn from it. Second, others may bring new perspectives and insights that deepen the analysis and help to counteract self-serving biases that may color the perceptions of those most directly involved in the failure. After experiencing failure, people typically attribute too much blame to other people and to forces beyond their control. If this tendency goes unchecked, it reduces an organization's ability to mine the key learning that could come from the experience.
These first two sections have dealt with inadvertent failures. If a firm can identify and analyze such failures, and then learn from them, it may be able to retrieve some value from what has otherwise been a negative "result." But failure need not always be considered from a "defensive" viewpoint. Our third section describes an "offensive" approach to learning from failure—deliberate experimentation. The three activities presented in this article—identifying failure, analyzing failure, and deliberate experimentation—are not intended to be viewed as a sequential three-step process, but rather as (reasonably) independent competencies for learning from failure. They can be sensibly examined alongside each other, since each is easily inhibited by social and technical factors.


Here are some year 1 children enjoying a PE lesson!
To improve the quality of existing PE teaching through continuing professional learning in PE for generalists, so that all pupils improve their health, skills and physical literacy, and have broader exposure to a range of sports.
To increase participation levels in competitive sport and healthy activity of pupils, and maintain these into adolescence.
To increase the quality of initial teacher training in PE and sport, and to promote PE specialisation in primary level workforce.
Schools understand and value the benefits of high quality PE and sport, including its use as a tool for whole school improvement.
Purpose of funding - What is it for?
All schools have received additional funding into their school budget for PE provision. This is received twice per year and schools must spend the additional funding on improving their provision of PE and sport, but have the freedom to choose how they do this.
Membership with the above partnership involves a local cluster of schools in our area. The affiliation includes entry into the School Sports Partnership competitions such as athletics, football and tennis but also gives the children access to other opportunities including Bikeability and Mini-Leader training. Bikeability aims to give children the skills and confidence to control a bike safely. The specialist sports teachers provide their weekly planning through the School Sports Website which all practitioners can access prior to lessons. They are also responsible, alongside class teachers, for evidencing individual children's progress. This information is also accessible on the secure website. Development in practice throughout the year will involve the coaches planning alongside class teachers, this will develop into a team teaching situation. Next steps will involve the Sports coaches observing teachers and providing developmental feedback in order to impact on practice in a sustainable way.
PE throughout the school follows the requirements of the National Curriculum 2014.
Master basic movements including running, jumping, throwing and catching, as well as developing balance, agility and co-ordination, and begin to apply these in a range of activities.
Participate in team games, developing simple tactics for attacking and defending.
Perform dances using simple movement patterns.
Use the terms 'opponent' and 'team-mate'.
Use rolling, hitting, running, jumping, catching and kicking skills in combination.
Copy and remember moves and positions.
Move with careful control and coordination.
Link two or more actions to perform a sequence.
Choose movements to communicate a mood, feeling or idea.
Move with some control and awareness of space.
Link two or more actions to make a sequence.
Show contrasts (such as small/tall, straight/curved and wide/narrow).
Travel by rolling forwards, backwards and sideways.
Hold a position whilst balancing on different points of the body.
Stretch and curl to develop flexibility.
Jump in a variety of ways and land with increasing control and balance.
The school follows the PE scheme of work from AVSSP.
We have recently started to use the following website to evidence our Sport Premium.


text:
97d17d73-9ad5-4df9-bd96-c7a7b8594952
Foster: NI smart, educated and ready to work
Enterprise Minister Arlene Foster is pictured with key California-based investors Michael Walsh, President and CEO, Cybersource; Steve Luczo, CEO and President, Seagate and Alastair Hamilton, Chief Executive, Invest NI.
Enterprise Minister Arlene Foster has told an audience of business leaders in California that Northern Ireland has a population that is young, smart, educated and ready to work.
Enterprise Minister Arlene Foster is in San Francisco this week to boost trade and investment links in the lucrative Silicon Valley region.
Addressing an audience which included key California-based investors Steve Luczo, CEO and President, Seagate; Michael Walsh, President and CEO, Cybersource and John Giere, CEO Openwave Mobility, the Minister said: "Like Silicon Valley, Northern Ireland hosts a vibrant and high growth technology community.
"Since the start of 2012, over 70 Northern Irish companies have taken part in trade missions to California, building key links between our two economies.
"One of the key reasons for Northern Ireland's success in attracting US companies is that we have a population that is young, smart, educated and ready to work. It is a valuable resource, particularly when companies in other parts of the world are struggling to find and retain technical talent."
Encouraging potential investors to follow the example of blue chip companies like Intel, Microsoft, Cybersource and the New York Stock Exchange and put down roots in Northern Ireland, Arlene Foster added: "The continued dedication to innovation and hard work makes Northern Ireland the ideal investment location.
"We are investing in the necessary skills and infrastructure to create an environment for success."
Alastair Hamilton / California / Cybersource / Invest NI / John Giere / Michael Walsh / Openwave Mobility / San Francisco / Seagate / Steve Luczo


Credit Opinion: Promise Co., Ltd.
Company Profile: Promise Co., Ltd.
Tokyo, December 14, 2010 -- Moody's Japan K.K. had placed its Ba1 long-term issuer and senior unsecured debt ratings on Promise Co., Ltd. on review for possible downgrade.
This action reflects Moody's concern that Promise's franchise and operating stability may deteriorate due to the persistently severe operating environment.
Promise's financial fundamentals have worsened further due to ongoing, high overpaid interest claims.
Moreover, Takefuji's bankruptcy may lead to even higher losses for Promise due to overpaid interest claims.
The impact could be considerable depending on how large a portion of Promise's outstanding exposures overlaps with Takefuji's -- e.g., lender exchange (LE) numbers higher than three.
Unlike Credia, which operated in Shizuoka and went bankrupt in 2007, Takefuji had a nationwide presence and brand, and the potential number of claims could be quite high.
Moody's review of Promise will focus on the negative impact of (1) overpaid-interest claims in light of the Takefuji bankruptcy and (2) the introduction of loan amount caps.
Promise's ratings incorporate the company's stand-alone financial strength as well as the likelihood of support from Sumitomo Mitsui Banking Corporation (SMBC) -- the core bank of the Sumitomo Mitsui Financial Group (SMFG) -- in the event of stress.
Thus, in its review, Moody's will re-assess Promise's stand-alone financial fundamentals as well as the strength of the potential support were the company's financial strength to deteriorate significantly.
Moody's last rating action with respect to the Promise was taken on May 28, 2010, when the long-term issuer and unsecured debt ratings were downgraded to Ba1 from Baa2 and a negative ratings outlook was assigned.
The principal methodology used in this rating was "Analyzing the Credit Risks of Finance Companies: Rating Methodology" published on September 30, 2010. Other methodologies and factors that may have been considered in the process of rating this issuer can also be found on www.moodys.co.jp.
Promise Co. Ltd., headquartered in Tokyo, is a major Japanese consumer finance company, with consolidated assets of around JPY 1.2 trillion as of September 30, 2010.


Daughter in Japan is fine.
After a frantic wait, Karen McGee has heard from her daughter in Japan and learned she was OK.
McGee was beside herself on Friday. She receives texts and e-mails from her 22-year-old daughter, Nicole Rioux, almost daily. But, on the day she needed most to hear from her, the Plainville mom could not reach Nicole, who teaches English in Japanese schools in Morioka.
Before Friday's massive earthquake, Nicole had been through several and had sent texts or emails almost immediately to let mom know she's OK, so McGee worried as time ticked by and there was no message .
On Saturday morning, the call she was waiting for came. Nicole is fine. The power had returned to Morioka, but Internet and phone service remain unpredictable, Rioux told her mother.
Rioux is finishing up her second year of teaching and is due home August.
On Friday, U.S. Rep. Chris Murphy's office asked residents to call his office if they need help finding a loved one. The number is 860-223-8412.
Residents can also check the American Red Cross Safe and Well page, where people in disaster areas can post that they are OK.
The International Committee of the Red Cross also set up a Family Links Network. Families can check the list to find names of relatives or use the service to let your family know you are OK. You can also register the name of someone for whom you are searching.
Officials said thousands of Japanese nationals live in Connecticut and many of them have been unable to make contact with friends and family in areas affected by the powerful quake and tsunami.
Many Connecticut residents also who have friends or family members working or going to school in Japan.
Those trying to contact U.S. citizens in Japan can call the State Department in Washington D.C.


The latest promotion video for Knockout Poker, PokerStars' newest poker variant featuring Neymar Jr, is an instant viral hit with fans across the globe.
Amassing over 1 million views on Facebook and tens of thousands of shares since the video was uploaded last week, the Knockout Poker promotional video by PokerStars starring Naymar Jr called "Neymar JR's Epic Capoeira Football KO Skills" is a huge marketing win for the company.
The video was uploaded to the official PokerStars YouTube channel, then shared on Neymar Jr's Facebook page, which has over 56 million followers.
In the video, football and Capoeria (a Brazilian martial art that combines dance and acrobatics) are blended together seamlessly to create a sequence of set pieces that feels more like artistry than a sport.
Neymar Jr is joined by a world football freestyle champion, a football trick-shot specialist and two martial artists who each take turns in performing elaborate football shots against a target which explodes in an orange dust upon impact with the ball.
The orange dust is a perfect branding match to that of Knockout Poker, the bounty-style sit and go tournaments that the video is promoting.
The world famous Brazilian footballer joined Team PokerStars last May as part of their growing "SportsStars" team of ambassadors.
"As a superstar with one of the world's most famous football clubs and football nations, his appeal is global. This partnership is a great opportunity to market the game of poker across the globe and attract new fans," stated the (at the time) CEO of Amaya, David Baazov.
In Knockout Poker games, every player has a bounty on their head; the bounty is claimed by the player who knocks them out of the tournament. In all Knockout games, 50% of the prize pool goes to the top finishers, and the other 50% is split evenly across all players as bounties.


Below you will find a list of the churches in Olivehurst, CA. These 138 churches are organized by their distance from Olivehurst. The closest businesses to Olivehurst are Olivehurst First Baptist Church on 8th Ave (Olivehurst) in the category Churches Baptist Southern, Assembly of God on Olivehurst Ave (Olivehurst) in the category Churches Assembly Of God, Calvalry Christian Center on Powerline Rd (Olivehurst) in the category Churches Nondenominational, Compton Kenneth Rev on Olivehurst Ave (Olivehurst) in the category Churches and Pentecostal Holiness Church Trinity Life on Olivehurst Ave (Olivehurst) in the category Churches Pentecostal Holiness.


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The baby was discovered in the roadway, uninjured and still strapped in his car seat, by neighbors.
Have you ever placed your cup of coffee on top of your car, only to forget about it and drive away, your cup still steaming on top? Have you ever placed your baby's car seat, with your baby strapped inside of it, on top of your car, only to forget that your little one is still up there – so you drive away?
The baby was discovered in the roadway, uninjured and still strapped in his car seat, by neighbors. The police believe that Clouser was under the influence of something, most likely marijuana, which impaired her judgment.
The baby is now in the custody of Child Protective Services.
I've forgotten a water bottle on top of my car. And when I was younger, I had an outdoor cat that liked to sunbathe on the top of my mother's van; and he once stayed up there while my mother began driving to the grocery store (he jumped off at the first stop sign).
Forgetting that your baby is on top of the car and driving away seems unbelievable! Not hearing the car seat fall off, and continuing to drive – still forgetting – seems much crazier. He was 5 weeks old… how do you forget that? You don't – if you can't be responsible enough to keep your judgment intact at all appropriate times, you should not have children.
What's the craziest thing you placed on top of your car but forgot about, and then drove away?
There should be a parenting test you have to pass before being allowed to conceive. Some people just don't deserve to have children, they are a true blessing and if someone is too ignorant to realize that, then they shouldn't be given such a beautiful gift.
I can believe that but to forget your child is on top of your car is truly crazy. I hope she will never do that again if she gets that baby back. She should also go & get help for drug use & get clean. & she should do it for her baby. The baby must wonder does my mom & dad love me enough to come & get me back in to there safe hands where I belong. It truly breaks my heart.
If you take the time to read the news article associated with this story, it's immediately apparent that neither of this child's patents had his best interests at heart. The mother WAS smoking MORE marijuana after the baby's father was arrested fot DUI while going to get beer after having smoked marijuana… and yes the baby was in the car when he was arrested. These individuals were not ready to be parents.
This is Horrible….I wanna look this Chick up on Facebook >.< She obviously is too young and dumb to have a child…Im sorry to come off so Rude, but who the hell would even put a baby on the roof of a car in the 1st place? This just remindes of those Irresposible Parents that forget about their babies in the car while they do things like…Shop, Getting a Hair Cut, Running Errands, etc. Your Baby's well-being should be Your #1 Priority!! She needs a Slap & I rank her one of the Worst Parents of the Year!
Age doesn't matter! I was only 15 when I had my baby and I never did that. I think it just depends on how responsible the mother actually is!
My comment only meant that she wasn't ready for the responsibility of having a baby. Im 24 and I thank the Lord and say outloud all the time that I wasn't a Teen getting Pregnant…when I was 15, I would have never wanted a Baby, that's too young in my Opinion. At that age, you should be worrying about your education, and if you do spread your legs @ that age, at least use protection (like birthcontrol, condoms) because that is like a baby trying to raise a baby.
I've left a cloth diaper on the trunk of my neon. At a red light some guy jumped out of his car and ran up and grabbed it thinking it was clothing. I think he realized when he handed it back to me that it was not clothing. Haha!
This is the most disgusting thing I have read on here. How in the world could a mother not look in the back seat after getti into the car to check on baby and triple check that everything is all latched and safe to drive. The thought of a mother neglecting her child like that sickens me. Personally, I have never left anything on too of the car, and in will definitely not start with my child!!!
I left the mail (that contained my son's social security card and a hospital bill) on top of my car when my son was 3 weeks old. We made it all the way across town before I realized that I hadn't put it in the car. Fortunately, the mail was waiting in the ditch across from my house for me when I got home (such a relief, because it was also a windy day). I learned from that experience that it isn't wise to set ANYTHING important on top of a vehicle.
*Sigh* I can't judge for this. I think it's a terrible thing that happened, but I did something similar. My infant was 2, maybe 3, weeks old, and we needed to go to Costco….45 minutes away for us. At that time, she cried ALL. THE. TIME. We didn't know then that she was allergic to the dairy I was eating, so we assumed colic. We were EXHAUSTED. My husband was even on his paternity leave to help, but we were thoroughly exhausted. I don't even remember what it was we thought we HAD to have from Costco. Anyways, he got the diaper bag, extra clothes, and my purse. I got the baby, the list, and the coupons. Then she had an accident, and had to be changed before we left. In this poopy craze, I put clean baby back in the car seat in the house while I went to clean myself of her accident. I forgot to buckle her in, I just set her in it because my hands and clothes were poopy. My husband was already outside, and I TOLD HIM I had her ready to go, so he didn't double check, either. We drove all the way to Costco with the baby not buckled in. He went to get her out and told me I hadn't buckled her in…I couldn't even go in Costco I was so distraught. I just cried and cried thinking of all the awful things that COULD have happened but DIDN'T. I swore I'd never do it again…the week my husband went back to work, I did it again. Luckily, I remembered before I got too far, pulled over, and buckled her in properly. It's tough to be a new mom, not know what to expect, be working on no sleep, and have your hormones so out of whack it causes depression. I'm not going to say I think this gal's on MJ, because she could have just been exhausted. And don't put the baby on top of the car? The ground is gross, people, she could have just been so tired and didn't want the car seat on the dirty ground, put the car seat on top because she couldn't think of a better place while she loaded up the car. I mean, it's still likely she was just high, but there are other explanations that I'm sure most new moms can attest to.
I understand your reasoning but the others to have good points but all in all I am glad God kept that baby safe.
You always put your child in the car first. Sheer stupidity and disregard of a human life.
My mom forgot my little brother in the back seat of the car when she ran into the store before…..but then again it was probably a liquor store too though. I cannot imagine the guilt of knowing you are responsible for a tiny little person that depends on you and only you to make sure that they are safe and taken care of, and just being so caught up in yourself to not notice something that has been with you for 10 months is not there anymore…that's why irresponsible kids shouldn't have kids!!
i don't know what to say*_* people like that shouldn't have kids!!!!
First of all why would u put your child on top of your car !!!!!!
My thoughts exactly, who in their right mind would do such a thing. I have never put my children on top of the car. She needs a serious lesson in parenting.
Congrats on your pregnancy! I too thought I would never have a child my son is now 8. I never once left him by mistake because even in my worst sleep deprived state he was the first thing on my mind every move I made.
MY brothers childhood freind went through a meth stage of his life. Lost a lot of brain cells. He forget his baby on top of his car, but he didn't drive very far, only pulled out of the driveway i think, before he remembered the baby was on the car. The lil girl was fine, and he continues to work on his parenting to this day. In his case, hes a man, who made a lot of mistakes, but is working hard to be a good father to his daughter now with what brains he has left. He's entirely clean now, but thats because hes committed to being better. unfortunately, not everyone is.
Some people need to realize that they are not perfect and things happen. It does not mean you are a bad mom or someone that should not have had kids, it means you are human. I am not saying that what happened is not terrible, it definitely is. However, people need to look in the mirror. I am sure there are things that have happened to first time moms that they are not proud of. I for one can say that but it absolutely made me a better parent. My son is 3ys old now and I have poked him in the eye by mistake, been too rough and even accidentally scratched him. These are all things that are unintentional but if he forgives me for the mistakes I have made then that is all that matters.
Poking your child in the eye or scratching them is an honest oops not even a mistake. Leaving your child on the roof of your car is asinine. All parents make mistakes it is part of learning. What would be a reason for putting a car seat on the roof? If you had to put them down at all say to lift the front seat wouldn't you simply place the seat on the ground by your feet? To lift the seat on to the roof of even the smallest car is strange enough but to not hear a big clunky car seat fall off as you drive is unbelievable. I have heard a cell phone fall off my roof as i drove.
Corporal punishment is in order.
Wow, there are a lot of judgmental people on this site. Remember God said "judge not, least you be judged." My question to each of them is "have you ever made a mistake in your life?" If not, guess you are of a species other than those walking the earth.
OK i understand not judging but being as careless as this woman was, is just unacceptable. would you still be saying that if the baby had died? this could have easily killed a 5 week old.. the baby landed in an intersection!!
So I guess the people that are in prison for child abuse should get out since they were judged and convicted. Let people live their lives sure but if they are hurting innocent children they deserve to be judged and stopped from hurting children.
Ingenious – great tip people listen to Merrie. Thanks Merrie for being one of the few people who are not judging others, but giving good sound advice.
Great idea – thankfully I have never put anything on top of my car and left it there. But, using the hood is ingenious. Finally, someone of this message board is saying something that will work. .


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Cooking in a small kitchen can be difficult, but installing innovative and smart kitchen designs will help make cooking much easier and much more enjoyable. But just how do you maximize the space of your small kitchen when you can't fit all of the things you need in order to have a high functioning kitchen? One thing to keep in mind is that your kitchen layout does not need to follow a traditionally spacious layout. By using innovative and space maximizing designs, you will make the best of your small kitchen space and find your cooking experiences much more enjoyable.
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For Christian adoptive families or Christian families considering adoption.
For single parents of children adopted domestically or internationally.
For parents of older children adopted domestically or internationally.
For parents of children adopted from China, and families pursuing Chinese adoptions.
For parents who have chosen or are choosing adoption as their first parenting route—instead of or in addition to having biological children.
This is a group where prospective adoptive parents can share tips & ideas on how to network, in order to find potential adoption situations.
For adoptive families—and hopeful parents—living in California.
For those who are budgeting for an adoption. Ask questions and share advice!
For parents of children adopted from Ethiopia, and families pursuing Ethiopian adoptions.