Our most influential publications have been identified using metrics employed to quantify the scholarly impact of engineering departments nationally. You can learn more about some of our heavily-cited recent work, as identified in 2017, by clicking on the titles below.
Y. Wang, H. Fang, Z. Sahinoglu, T. Wada, S. Hara, "Adaptive estimation of the state of charge for lithium-ion batteries: nonlinear geometric observer approach,"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology, vol. 23, pp. 948 – 962, 2015.
S. Zhang, B.T. Karaca, S.K. VanOosten, E. Yuca, S. Mahalingam, M. Edirisinghe, C. Tamerler, "Coupling infusion and gyration for the nanoscale assembly of functional polymer nanofibers integrated with genetically engineered proteins," Macromolecular Rapid Communications," vol. 36, pp. 1322 – 1328, 2015.
F.I. Uba, S.R. Pullagurla, N. Sirasunthorn, J. Wu, S. Park, R. Chjantiwas, Y.-K. Cho, H. Shen, S.A. Soper, "Surface charge, electroosmotic flow and DNA extension in chemically modified thermoplastic nanoslits and nanochannels," Analyst, vol. 140, pp. 113 – 126, 2015.
E.M Mannen, J.T. Anderson, P.M. Arnold, E.A. Friis, "Mechanical analysis of the human cadaveric thoracic spine with intact rib cage," Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 48, pp. 2060 – 2066, 2015.
X. Li, J. Huang, A. Faghri, "Modeling study of a Li-O2 battery with active cathode," Energy, vol. 81, pp. 489 – 500, 2015.
H. Fang, Y. Wang, Z. Sahinoglu, T. Wada, S. Hara, "State of charge estimation for lithium-ion batteries: an adaptive approach," Control Engineering Practice, vol. 25, pp. 45 – 54, 2014.
N. Sharifi, T.L. Bergman, M.J. Allen, A. Faghri, "Melting and solidification enhancement using a combined heat pipe, foil approach," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 78, pp. 930 – 941, 2014.
J.M. Jackson, M.A. Witek, M.L. Hupert, C. Brady, S. Pullagurla, J. Kamande, R.D. Aufforth, C.J. Tignanelli, R.J. Torphy, J.J. Yeh, S.A. Soper, "UV Activation of polymeric high aspect ratio microstructures: ramifications in antibody surface loading for circulating tumor cell selection," Lab on a Chip, vol. 14, pp. 106 – 117, 2014.
L. Liu, J. Park, X. Lin, A.M. Sastry, W. Lu, "A thermal-electrochemical model that gives spatial-dependent growth of solid electrolyte interphase in a Li-ion battery," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 268, pp. 482 – 490, 2014.
L. Song, Q. Ye, W. Ge, A. Misra, J.S., Laurence, C.L. Berrie, P. Spencer, "Synthesis and evaluation of novel dental monomore with branched carboxyl," Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials, vol. 102, pp. 1473 – 1843, 2014.
H. Yazici, H. Fong, B. Wilson, E.E. Oren, F.A. Amos, H. Zhang, J.S. Evans, M.L. Snead, M. Sarikaya, C. Tamerler, "Biological response on a titanium implant-grade surface functionalized with modular peptides," Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 9, pp. 5341 – 5352, 2013.
X. Lin, J. Park, L. Liu, Y. Lee, A.M. Sastry, W. Lu, "A comprehensive capacity fade model and analysis for Li-ion batteries," Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol. 160, pp. A1701 – A1710, 2013.
A. Hausmann, C. Depcik, "Expanding the Peukert equation for battery capacity modeling through inclusion of a temperature dependency," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 235, pp. 148 – 158, 2013.
J.W. Kamande, M.L. Hupert, M.A. Witek, H. Wang, R.J. Torphy, U. Dharmasiri, S.K. Njoroge, J.M. Jackson, R. D. Aufforth, A. Snavely, J.J. Yeh, S.A. Soper, "Modular microsystem for the isolation, enumeration, and phenotyping of circulating tumor cells in patients with pancreatic cancer," Analytical Chemistry, vol. 85, pp. 9092 – 9100, 2013.
H. Ciu, C. Hong, A. Ying, X. Yang, S. Ren, "Ultrathin gold nanowire-functionalized carbon nanotubes for hybrid molecular sensing," ACS Nano, vol. 7, pp. 7805 – 7811, 2013.
A. Kota, G. Kwon, W. Choi, J.M Mabry, A. Tuteja, "Hygro-responsive membranes for effective oil–water separation," Nature Communications, vol. 3, p. 1025, 2012.
J.S. Lee, T. Kuroha, M. Hnilova, D. Khatayevich, M.M. Kanaoka, J.M. McAbee, M. Sarikaya, C. Tamerler, K.U. Torii, "Direct interaction of ligand–receptor pairs specifying stomatal patterning," Genes & Development, vol. 26, pp. 126 – 136, 2012.
M.A. Baldwin, C.W. Clary, C.K. Fitzpatrick, J.S. Deacy, L.P. Maletsky, P.J. Rullkoetter, Dynamic finite element knee simulation for evaluation of knee replacement mechanics, Journal of Biomechanics, vol. 45, pp. 474 – 483, 2012.
H. Shabgard, C.W. Robak, T.L. Bergman, A. Faghri, "Heat transfer and exergy analysis of cascaded latent heat storage with gravity-assisted heat pipes for concentrating solar power applications," Solar Energy, vol. 86, pp. 816 – 830, 2012.
E. Cecrle, C. Depcik, A. Duncan, J. Guo, M. Mangus, E. Peltier, S. Stagg-Williams, Y. Zhong, "Investigation of the effects of biodiesel feedstock on the performance and emissions of a single-cylinder Diesel engine," Energy & Fuels, vol. 26, pp. 2331 – 2341, 2012.
H. Shabgard, M.J. Allen, N. Sharifi, S.P. Benn, A. Faghri, T.L. Bergman, "Heat pipe heat exchangers and heat sinks: opportunities, challenges, applications, analysis, and state of the art," International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol. 89, pp. 138 – 158, 2015.
A.K. Kota, G. Kwon, A. Tuteja, "The design and applications of superomniphobic surfaces," NPG Asia Materials, vol. 6, p. e109, 2014.
P. Spencer, Q.Ye, A. Misra, S.E.P. Goncalves, J.S. Laurence, "Proteins, Pathogens, and Failure at the Composite-Tooth Interface," Journal of Dental Research, vol. 93, pp. 1243 – 1249, 2014.
C. Sprouse, C. Depcik, "Review of organic Rankine cycles for internal combustion engine exhaust waste heat recovery," Applied Thermal Engineering, vol. 51, pp. 711 – 722, 2013.
X. Li, A. Faghri, "Review and advances of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) part I: Design, fabrication, and testing with high concentration methanol solutions," Journal of Power Sources, vol. 226, pp. 223-240, 2013.
P. Spencer, Q. Ye, J. Park, A. Misra, B.S. Bohaty, V. Singh, R. Parthasarathy, F. Sene, S.E.P. Goncalves, J. Laurence, "Durable bonds at the adhesive/dentin interface: an impossible mission or simply a moving target?," Brazilian Dental Science, vol. 15, pp. 4 – 18, 2012.
A. Srinivasan, C. Depcik, "Review of chemical reactions in the NO reduction by CO on platinum/alumina catalysts," Surface Review and Letters, vol. 19, 1 – 17, 2012.


text:
Lijit raises an additional $7.1M
Lijit continues to rock as it is now reporting that is has raised an additional $7.1M in venture funding from The Foundry Group, Boulder Ventures, and High Country Venture. This brings Lijit's total funding to around $11M (it raised angel money and 3.3M previously) . Lijit will use the money to to launch their search powered ad network.
To me, Lijit is a great example of a company that "got the right people on the bus" and then "listened". It started life as OutFoxed, which I covered here in mid-2006. The company quickly morphed the product from a plug-in which enhanced search results with social context to one which helped publishers to become the focal point of search, allowing them to expose a search box (like you see on ColoradoStartups.com) which leveraged the trusted network of the individual publisher to return more relevant results to the searcher.
Over time, Lijit developed the idea of "re-search", which allowed publishers to intelligently include lijit-based search results as readers moved across enabled sites and pages. Here's an example of what this functionality looks like:
As you can see, anyone who has searched for "colorado startups outfoxed" using Lijit and was led to my content gets to automagically see other content that is in my trusted network that might be related. The magic of this is that it tends to increase page views for me and those that I choose to include in my network.
More page views tend to be good for publishers, especially when more capability for the reader is being provided. Dave Taylor is a good example – he's reporting that the re-search functionality on his popular AskDaveTaylor site is generating about 150,000 extra impressions each day.
The next challenge for Lijit is to build out the ad network which will allow targeted ads to be placed in these search results. This will allow publishers to monetize these extra impressions simply and effectively.
Congrats to Todd, Micah, Tara and the gang at Lijit on this next step in their evolution. It's great to see VC money continuing to be deployed widely here in Boulder.
file under: Blog, Startups, Venture Capital

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Area of Specialization: I specialize in (French) Applied Linguistics, with a special focus on second language acquisition and pedagogy. My current research relates to the acquisition of vocabulary by learners of both French and English as a second language. I am specifically interested in the acquisition of formulaic and idiomatic expressions, and in the use of technology in furthering the acquisition process.
Please note that this site is currently undergoing renovation.


text:
All Four Lion Cubs at the Smithsonian's National Zoo Likely Female
The four lion clubs born at the National Zoo Aug. 31 had their first physical exam today. All four cubs are believed to be female, according to the vets, but it is difficult to determine their gender with certainty at such a young age. Each cub weighs between 7 and 8 pounds.
"They were great first-time patients and all four cubs appear to be healthy at this time," said Dr. Katharine Hope, associate veterinarian at the Zoo. "Their eyes are starting to focus on things, their hearts and lungs sound clear, they are all strong and in good body condition and it looks like some of their lower teeth will start erupting soon."
"The exam today was encouraging," said Craig Saffoe, interim curator of the Zoo's Great Cats Exhibit. "Shera has taken excellent care of her cubs since they were born, and we'll provide the best care that we can to ensure that mom and cubs continue to thrive."
Because the cubs are only 2½ weeks old, animal care staff members are cautiously optimistic. The mortality rate for cubs younger than 1 year old in captivity in 2009 was about 30 percent, compared to a 67 percent mortality rate for cubs in the wild. Their next exam will be in about a month, when staff will be able to confirm the cubs' genders and administer vaccinations.
The Zoo's other female, Nababiep (Shera's 6-year-old sister), is expected to give birth. Luke, the 4-year-old male African lion, bred with both females earlier this year.
The lion cub cam is online, and to download photos of the cubs, visit the National Zoo's Flickr page. To follow the Zoo's progress in building a pride and now caring for the cubs, read the updates from the Zoo's lion keepers and check for news on the Zoo's Twitter feed and Facebook page.
SI-418-2010
Media Only
Lindsay Renick Mayer
Smithsonian's National Zoo
Media Only (202) 633-3055
Photo: Mehgan Murphy, Smithsonian's National Zoo
African Lion Cubs Receive First Vet Exam
On September 17, the National Zoo's lion cubs received their first veterinary exam. All four cubs were deemed healthy. They were born on August 30 and 31 to 5-year-old mother Shera and 4-year-old father Luke.


I love the entries by Brides when they take us along with them on their Wedding planning journey, but nothing beats the excitement like seeing it all come together in a real wedding feature. I know all of you – myself included – feel like we all planned bride Berry's wedding with her (lol) so I bet we are all thrilled to see it all. Personally I have the utmost respect for Bride Berry because I would have never imagined what a modern Beach wedding in Lagos, Nigeria would look like. I have never been to one, or seen one so this wedding is my first ever and huge kudos to Berry and Cakes because this Black and White Beach wedding came out awesome! I talk a lot, my bad – allow me to give the post to Berry.
We did it! Cakes and I finally got married – 3 times, no less! We had a registry wedding, a traditional Nigerian wedding, and a formal White wedding (well, if you call a beach 'formal.') All the planning and budgeting, invitation mishaps, dress shopping, hair and make-up trials, came together for roughly 2 weeks of wedding bliss!
Our registry wedding happened on the 12th of December, a short walk from my office. I actually went to work in my chosen outfit, finished up a report I had to do, and walked over to meet my love and our selected witnesses. It was a short ceremony and within 30 minutes, we were pronounced husband and wife. My 2 long-time friends took us out to lunch for a mini-reception, and yes, there was cake!
The traditional Nigerian wedding took place a week and a half afterwards, in my dad's village called Kono. It was a 2-part process over 2 days. On the first day, Cakes and his family had to come and present the items on the Bride Price list (watches, purses, yams, goats, etc included). You could say that was the formal ceremony where my dad's family officially handed me over to Cakes' family. The following day was the big reception for all our family and friends who could attend. I wore 5 different outfits!!! I would come out, dance a little, go back in the house and change, and then come out again. It was well worth it!
The final part of the wedding festivities was the white wedding. We had decided to get married at the beach, which was almost a first by Nigerian standards. We wanted a small wedding, and actually pulled it off with between 200 and 250 people attending. For non-Nigerians, weddings here usually have between 500 and 1000 guests! We had a wonderful time, and our guests had a total blast! People were able to kick their shoes off, dance in the sand, have fresh coconuts, and just relax. We had rented about 20-30 rooms at the beach resort, so our family and some of our friends were able to spend the night and I hear some people stayed under the moonlight and stars until after midnight!
After everything, I can say that we had the perfect wedding. Even though not everything went to plan (e.g. our programs arrived AFTER the wedding reception had been on for 2 hours), we had a great time. My advice to brides – make sure you take time out to relax before the wedding and remember that you're getting married to the love of your life. On the day of the wedding, you'll hardly notice the centerpieces and flowers, because you'll be too wrapped up basking in your hubby's love and sharing the joy with your family and friends.
Best of luck to you and congratulations in advance!
P.S. PLEASE plan for a honeymoon! Cakes and I haven't been able to go on one, cos I've gone back to work and now we're spending time/money on making sure bills get paid.
For those of you late to the Wedding diaries party, you can catch up on the whole Wedding Diaries series from all the real brides. To stay in focus on today's feature, you may want to read Bride Berry's entries too.
Thanks to Demi O. Photography for these perfect photos. If you have fallen in love with Berry like i did and want to continue seeing more of her, cakes and other life stuff, you can follow her on her blog Berry Dakara.
Love how the coupled mixed modern elements with a beach setting!


text:
Offshore Oil Drilling Is on Hold
The Trump administration's plan to allow oil and gas exploration and extraction off the Atlantic Coast is apparently on indefinite hold.
EH Fusion Party Seeks Ballot Line
Undaunted by the failure last month to place several candidates on the Republican Party ballot in the Nov. 5 election, members of the East Hampton Town Republican Committee, the East Hampton Independence Party, and the East Hampton Reform Democrats are moving to formalize the unity ticket they hoped to create by forming the EH Fusion Party.
Pursuing Flounder of Yore
Jon M. Diat
Ah, memories. Growing up out here as a kid, one of my favorite fish to catch was winter flounder. Not only were they plentiful in the spring but there was a fall run of the flatfish that was just as good.
Bridgehampton Man Dies From Injuries in Riverhead Raceway Crash
Silas Hiscock Sr., a Bridgehampton resident and the owner of Hampton Tank in the hamlet, has died from injuries he sustained in a crash at the Riverhead Raceway on Saturday afternoon.
A Crustacean Celebration
As I climbed aboard my Nova Scotia-built boat to take the hourlong ride to my lobster traps, my anticipation of a good catch, and an even better dinner that same night, loomed large in my head.
Lazy Point Rejoices at Extensions
The East Hampton Town Trustees voted on Monday to change the lease terms of trustee-owned land at Lazy Point significantly. Six trustees voted for the change, two abstained, and one recused himself.
Sag Cinema Eyes a Fall Opening
The construction of a reimagined Sag Harbor Cinema Arts Center is swinging into its third and final phase and remains on target for a fall opening, as organizers now seek to raise an additional $3 million to $4 million in donations.
East Hampton Village Mayoral Campaign Underway
Jerry Larsen, a former East Hampton Village police chief, has announced his intention to run for mayor of the village in 2020.
Push for Hunting Pause
Members of the East Hampton Group for Wildlife renewed their call to ban hunting one day each weekend when the East Hampton Town Board met last Thursday.
Early Jail May Foil ICE
A Queens man who seriously injured a Montauk pedestrian and fled the scene in a drunken-driving incident last Memorial Day weekend has begun serving his prison sentence early.
Nature Notes: Bird Is the Word
Larry Penny
Fish crows arrived three weeks ago and have already taken over the South Fork population centers. What was an extreme rarity 35 years ago has now become a rite of spring in the Hamptons.
Celebrating the Hedges-Edwards Barn
Mark Segal
The 1770 barn, which the historical society acquired some years ago, has been named for both the Hedges family, who built it, and E. J. Edwards, the East Hampton man who preserved it in the first half of the 20th century.


With the rapid pace of change in Information Technology, will you be ready? Can you manage the impact to your business? How can you remain competitive and profitable? Meeting or exceeding the rapidly changing expectations of your current and future customers, suppliers, and employees with real-world information technology is key to success for any organization. Let Windemuller use our expertise to help you find the right technology to make a difference in your business.
Windemuller will help you plan for technology and avoid pitfalls along the way. Our services include auditing, software licensing analysis, documentation, data protection, network security, disaster recovery planning, and business continuity planning.
We take an overall approach to ensure that your systems work as a whole. This delivers flexibility, simplicity, interoperability, and reliability. Of course, this saves money.


Red silk sheer panel dress from Amir Slama featuring a wrap style V neck.
Red and white embroidered kaftan from Brigitte featuring a deep V neck, short sleeves and a drawstring waist.
Red Maryann ruffle sleeve cotton blend dress from Staud.
Red Rayon Frill Maxi Dress from Staud.
Pink and red viscose Joyce cropped jumpsuit from Staud.


Miles the technician who came to work on my garage door was very prompt and he was very professional in his work.
Great service, timely and professional. I highly recommend Precision Door!
Excellent, Shaun was great. Thanks for the prompt service!
Awesome Service! Martin was great! very happy with my purchase!


Kydex 115 high rigidity fire rated sheet is a non-porous, tough, chemical resistant, class I/A rated sheet designed for applications like ceiling panels that require a high rigidity for sag-resistance. The material is monolithic, contains no fibers, and will not crack, chip, flake, or deteriorate over time. Available in full sheets and in custom sizes to be used in ceiling grid systems, Kydex 115 is approved for use in Class 10 rated cleanrooms, as tested according to Fed-Std. 209D.
FIRE RETARDANCY – Kydex 115 meets the criteria for flame spread and smoke development that determines Class I/A compliance using ASTM E-84 methodology.
DURABILITY – Kydex 115 is ideal for applications such as ceiling panels where the product must be routinely removed and/or cleaned for maintenance. It provides superior impact protection and will not chip, crack, or flake. Color is integral throughout each sheet.
CLEANABILITY – Kydex 115 has excellent chemical resistance allowing for the removal of tougher stains with stronger cleaning agents without damaging the surface of the sheet.
USDA APPROVED – In white and beige, Kydex 115 is approved for incidental food contact for use in USDA inspected meat and poultry plants. Kydex 115 sheet can be thermoformed and fabricated for use in both 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional parts. It can be routed, drilled, and cut using standard wood and/or metal working equipment.
2All gauges from 0.028″ (.71mm) and greater. Not intended for specification purposes.


I am an enthusiastic, self-motivated young women with experience in many fields. I enjoy working with clients, customers, people of any kind. I am also at ease juggling multiple projects while meeting tight deadlines and maintaining a cheerful disposition. I am eager to learn and quick to react to change.
Soon to be assistant manager, will start training with the next class.
Offer the customer a promotional price and ask if they would like to pick some up.


I was wondering about how AI will respond when lapping them. In PCars1 lapped AI wouldn't move out of the way, how is this in PCars2? Will they get a blue flag and react accordingly?
Whilst I agree the AI can be overly aggressive whilst being lapped in PC1 they shouldn't really be moving over off the racing line , it happens in F1 but ordinarily the car that is passing has to pass when safe to do so .
The AI will be more sensitive when being lapped verses racing for position. However, they won't just "pull over". You will still need to make a "racing move" to pass them.
In just about every racing discipline besides F1, the Blue Flag means "Faster car approaching". It's an "Informational" flag, not an "Instruction" flag.
Glad to hear they'll be more sensitive when lapped.
Some would say we need to return to this form in F1 too, they get it far to easy! Hard life being a multi millionaire F1 driver.


text:
Q: Diffusion Reaction pde with nonlinear source term / Potential Term my first attempt to write a couple diffusion reaction equations with FiPy.
My equations are for three different concentrations c_i, just with the diffusion part and source (LateX input):
\partial_t c_1 = \nabla \cdot (D_1 \nabla c_1) + A_1 c_{1} + B_1 c_2^4 + W_1 \\
\partial_t c_2 = \nabla \cdot (D_2 \nabla c_2) + c_{1}(A_2 + 2c_1) + c_2^4 + W_2\\
\partial_t c_3 = \nabla \cdot (D_3 \nabla c_3) + A_3 c_{1} - W_3 \\

The coefficients D_i, A_i, B_i, P_i and W_1 are constants.
I have already wrote the code with just de Diffusion term and the nolinear source term. But for a Range of 100 i get some odd behavior for c2.
Is maybe the nonlinear source term, that i wrote wrong? I use the ImplicitSourceTerm command and i thought that this would be linearized the term. Am i missing something? do i have to do the linearization by myslef? (like with Taylor?)
How to Couple Advection Diffusion Reaction PDEs with FiPy and
https://www.ctcms.nist.gov/fipy/examples/diffusion/generated/examples.diffusion.coupled.html
from fipy import *
from fipy import CellVariable, Variable, Grid1D, TransientTerm, DiffusionTerm, ImplicitSourceTerm, LinearLUSolver, Viewer
import math
from fipy.tools import numerix

# Konstanten
F       = 96485.3399  #C /mol
R       = 8.314472    # J/(mol*K)
T       = 273.18      # K
alpha   = 0.5
c_std   = 1.           #  mol/s
c1_sat  = 1.           #  mol/s
eta_Zn  = 1.           # V
kIc = 6.3      # mol/s Von Reaktion I an der Kathode
kIa = 5.       # mol/s Von Reaktion I an der Anode
kII = 0.25        # mol/s von Reaktion II
mu_1I   = 1.    # Von Zinkat in Reaktion I
mu_1II  = -2.   # Von Zinkat in Reaktion II
mu_2I   = -4.   # Von OH in Realtion I
mu_2II  = 2.    # Von OH in Reaktion II
mu_3II  = 1.   # Von H2O in Reaktion II
ep1 = 1.    # Von Zinkat
ep2 = 1.   # Von OH
ep3 = 1.   # Von H20
D1 = .5     # Von Zinkat
D2 = 1.     # Von OH
D3 = 0.1    # Von H20

## Mesh
L = 10.
nx = 1000
mesh = Grid1D(dx=L/1000, nx=nx)
x = mesh.cellCenters[0]

## Initial Conditions
c1 = CellVariable(name="c1", mesh=mesh, value=1., hasOld=True)
c2 = CellVariable(name="c2", mesh=mesh, value=1., hasOld=True)
c3 = CellVariable(name="c3", mesh=mesh, value=1., hasOld=True)

## Boundary Conditions
c1.constrain(2., mesh.facesLeft)
c1.constrain(0., mesh.facesRight)
c2.constrain(0., mesh.facesLeft)
c2.constrain(2., mesh.facesRight)
c3.constrain(0., mesh.facesLeft)
c3.constrain(2., mesh.facesRight)
c2.faceGrad.constrain(1., where=mesh.facesRight)

# Definition Konstanten fuer SourceTerm
Zn1 = (kIc/c_std)*math.exp(-(1-alpha)*(F/(R*T))*eta_Zn)+kII
Zn2 = (kIa/(c_std)**4)*math.exp(alpha*(F/(R*T))*eta_Zn)
Zn3 = kII*c1_sat
OH1 = 4*(kIc/c_std)*math.exp(-(1-alpha)*(F/(R*T))*eta_Zn)+2*kII
OH2 = 4*(kIa/(c_std)**4)*math.exp(alpha*(F/(R*T))*eta_Zn)
OH3 = 2*kII*c1_sat
H1 = kII
H2 = 0.
H3 = kII*c1_sat

sourceCoeff1 = (Zn1*c1) + (Zn1*c2**4) + Zn3
sourceCoeff2 = c1*(OH1 + 2*c1) + c2**4 + OH3
sourceCoeff3 = c1*H1 - H3

eq1 = (TransientTerm(var=c1) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D1, var=c1) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff1, var=c1))
eq2 = (TransientTerm(var=c2) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D2, var=c2) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff2, var=c2))
eq3 = (TransientTerm(var=c3) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D3, var=c3) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff3, var=c3))

eqn = eq1 & eq2 & eq3

vi = Viewer((c1, c2, c3))

for t in range(50):
    c1.updateOld()
    c2.updateOld()
    c3.updateOld()
    eqn.solve(dt=1.e-3)
    vi.plot()

I am trying also to add the potential term but i do not understand if that is even possible. Something like that (same as above but with the potential part)
\partial_t c_1 = \nabla \cdot (D_1 \nabla c_1) + \nabla \cdot \biggl(P_1c_1\nabla\Phi\biggr) + A_1 c_{1} + B_1 c_2^4 + W_1 \\
\partial_t c_2 =  \nabla \cdot (D_2 \nabla c_2) + \nabla \cdot \biggl(P_2c_2\nabla\Phi\biggr) + c_{1}(A_2 + 2c_1) + c_2^4 + W_2\\
\partial_t c_3 = \nabla \cdot (D_3 \nabla c_3) + \nabla \cdot \biggl(P_3c_3\nabla\Phi\biggr) + A_3 c_{1} - W_3 \\

I analysed the example from
https://www.ctcms.nist.gov/fipy/examples/phase/generated/examples.phase.binaryCoupled.html
to try to add the potential term like a Diffusionterm but i always get the error:
SolutionVariableNumberError: Different number of solution variables and equations.
what i expected but maybe i am missing something.
Hier that part of the code:
eq1 = (TransientTerm(var=c1) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D1, var=c1) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff1, var=c1)) + DiffusionTerm(coeff=D1phi, var=phi
eq2 = (TransientTerm(var=c2) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D2, var=c2) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff2, var=c2)) + DiffusionTerm(coeff=D2phi, var=phi)
eq3 = (TransientTerm(var=c3) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D3, var=c3) + DiffusionTerm(coeff=D3phi, var=phi) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff3, var=c3))

Also try to use the command sweep to do some numerical analysis like residual error and the norm. I saw a great explanation about the sweep command here:
Solver tolerance and residual error when using sweep function in FiPy
That part of the code (just for diffusion term with source)
dt = 1.e5

solver = LinearLUSolver(tolerance=1e-10)

c1.updateOld()
c2.updateOld()
c3.updateOld()
res = 1.
initialRes = None

while res > 1e-4:
     res = eq.sweep(dt=dt, solver=solver)
     if initialRes is None:
         initialRes = res
     res = res / initialRes

Neverthless i do not get any result or error and have to stop the process manually.
In summary my questions are:
it is possible to solve with FiPy couple pdes with diffusion term and a potential term?
It is possible to implement the command sweep also for coupled pdes?
Or i am missing something?
I am very grateful for any help or advice. I hope, i wrote this clearly.
Thank you a lot.

A: Here is a working version of your code. I'm not sure if it is correct, but it seems more sensible.
Use an explicit source
The major change made is to remove the implicit source terms and replace them with explicit sources. For example the first equation
eq1 = (TransientTerm(var=c1) == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D1, var=c1) + ImplicitSourceTerm(coeff=sourceCoeff1, var=c1))

is now
eq1 = (TransientTerm() == DiffusionTerm(coeff=D1) + sourceCoeff1)

The use of the ImplicitSourceTerm in all three equations in the OP's code is incorrect. To understand its use take a source of the form value * phi where phi is the variable being solved. In this case the correct source would be ImplicitSourceTerm(value). The multiplication by phi is implicitly assumed. Additionally, this only works correctly if value is negative [edit]. See this example for more explanation.
[edit]: actually, ImplicitSourceTerm handles both positive and negative values so that if the value is positive then the source is added explicitly.
Uncouple the equations
It's best to uncouple the equations at first to better understand what's going on. Coupling equation works best when there are multiple variables inside spatial derivatives that are coupled inside a single equation.
In this case, it might be useful to couple the equations due the the source terms, but only for the purposes of efficiency and only after the problem solution is validated. The new code now solves the equations in an uncoupled form.
for t in range(100):
    c1.updateOld()
    c2.updateOld()
    c3.updateOld()
    for sweep in range(5):
        res1 = eq1.sweep(c1, dt=dt, solver=solver)
        res2 = eq2.sweep(c2, dt=dt, solver=solver)
        res3 = eq3.sweep(c3, dt=dt, solver=solver)
        print('res1', res1)
        print('res2', res2)
        print('res3', res3)

    vi.plot()

Use a sweep loop
Since the equations are non-linear in the sources it is a good idea to use an inner loop and print the residuals to check convergence at each time step as in the code above.
Use a different solver
To make things work it seemed to require a different solver from the default chosen by FiPy. This can often depend on the solver suite employed. In the case, I was using Python 3 so I was probably using the Scipy solvers. To make it work I used the LinearLUSolver otherwise it ran incredibly slowly.
Future
I the long run it might be a good idea to linearize the sources and use ImplicitSourceTerms as well as coupling the equations for the purposes of efficiency, but only after the solution is fully understood and validated. See this example and this explanation for help.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Southern University Alumni Mardi Gras Ball. It so much fun! Besides attending the ball, of course I watched the Super Bowl Game, mostly for the commercials. And when it was all over, and time to go to bed, I decided to fall asleep to the latest J.Crew catalog. BIG mistake! I did not fall fast asleep, I found myself marking pages of every item I want for my Spring wardrobe. Starting with this fluted skirt in pale citrus paired with this flower applique sweater. Plus this bracelet!
Did you watch the Super Bowl? Are we're you just interested in the commercials?


Illustrations above show the master from which the molds are made. Any finished jewelry shown is for illustrative purposes only and is not included in the Hadar's Molds product.
A project for the earrings below can be found in my book Movement and Mechanisms in Metal Clay, p. 10.


Arrive at Leh airport from where you'll be transferred to hotel in private vehicle. Check-in at the hotel. Acclimatizing to the altitude is very important journey before doing any activity so we take rest. Dinner and Overnight stay at Leh.
After breakfast, check out and drive your journey towards Leh en route visiting , Sangam Confluence of Zanskar and Indus, Ladakh Hall of Fame, Gurudwara Patthar Sahib and Magnetic hill. Dinner and overnight at Leh.
After breakfast at the hotel, brace yourself for the splendid drive over the mighty Khardung La – the 2nd highest motor able pass in the world at a height of 5602 M/ 18, 380 ft. Over the route, the road dramatically plunges, and Shyok and Nubra Rivers unfold magically. You move on via Diskit to reach the white sands of Hunder. After freshening up, visit the Diskit monastery, which is believed to be the largest and oldest monastery in Nubra valley, and enjoy the sunset. Head back to the Swiss cottages camps by late evening. Overnight in Nubra Camp Stay KHARDUNGLA PASS: The road journey to Nubra valley leads through Khardung La pass The highest Motorable road in the world 18, 390 ft. around 39 Kms. Away from Leh. There are two checkpoints on the both sides of the pass. Khardong is the first village of Nubra valley at higher altitude than Deskit and other villages.
Post breakfast, begin your journey for the day, exploring the ious villages of Nubra Valley. Retrace your steps past Diskit, to go to Khalsar. Take a 25 kilometers drive towards Panamik and reach Sumur. Walk your way to the ancient Gompa. Don't forget to pack a lunch. Spend some time and then drive back over Khadung check the spelling La to reach Leh by early evening. A 38 kms drive from there takes you to the confluence point of two rivers- Indus and Zanskar. The sunset is the perfect backdrop you can wish for. Head back to the hotel by late evening. Arive Leh. Check into the Hotel. Dinner and Overnight stay at Leh.
After breakfast, drive from Leh to Pangong. At Karu, which is a junction, you take a detour and start ascending to cross the Ladakh range over Chang-La 5, 475 M / 17950 ft. At the foot of the pass on the other side we reach Tangse village. The valley is blessed with a beautiful stream flowing through it, originating from the lake, giving a greenish tincture to the otherwise dry landscape around. Dinner and overnight in Pangong.
After breakfast, drive back to Leh. On the way back, visit the Sindhu Ghat for Sindhu Darshan and walk along the river, Shey monastery, Thiksey monastery, Hemis monastery – the most powerful monastery in the Ladakh region. Rancho's School – Got Famous by a super hit movie 3 Idiots. Reach Leh by evening. Dinner and overnight in Leh.
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ery important to a study of the Witzel family name is the story of the life of Georg Witzel. He enjoys a certain following in Germany for his courageous stand during the turbulent times of the Protestant Reformation. With many writings on the 'foundations of the Church', Georg criticizes both the corruption in Rome and the extremists in the Lutheran movement.
It is in Georg Witzel's family history that the earliest history of the Witzel surname may rest. Because of his fame, Georg wrote a short commentary on the history of his family in Vacha. Later researchers have uncovered a great deal from records in Vacha and Fulda that extend the genealogy offered by Georg.
Georg's grandfather, Johannes Witzel was known to own several houses in the Vacha region. Just how he gained such wealth is not known. But various wax seals used by the family carry the mark of the shoemaker's trade. And occasionally, shoemakers could acquire a reasonable degree of wealth. Such a beginning could provide the funds for the owning of property and the profits that might follow.
Georg's father was the owner of a tavern (Gasthaus) called the Zum Engel (to the Angel). It was in 1497 that Michael - Micheln, Michel - married his second wife, Agnes Landau of Hünfeld. In 1526, Michael headed the city council in Vacha. Certainly, Georg into a family that could offer him advantages.
Georg quickly advances his schooling with the support of his father. He attended schools in Vacha, Schmalkalden, Eisenach, and Halle before enrolling in a two year program at the University of Erfurt, at the early age of 14. Initially, he returned home to Vacha to serve as the local parish schoolmaster.
By 1521, at the age of 20, Georg again left home to further his religious studies, this time in Wittenberg. The University of Wittenberg was alive with ideas of reform. Many academics were bringing into question the unbearable abuses of feudal governance. Also at the University were the professors Martin Luther », Andreas Carlstadt » and Philipp Melanchthon ». It is here, among this group, that the seeds of the Reformation first found fertile soil and launched Georg toward a future dedicated to rectifying the injustices of the Roman Church.
Georg again returned home to Vacha, in 1522. Here, he was ordained as an Augustinian priest. For a time he served as Vicar of Vacha, along with a short term as city clerk.
But by 1524, Georg had decided to abandon the Catholic faith. He moved to Eisenach and joined the Humanist movement and the debate for rights of all individuals before God. While in Eisenach, he married Elizabeth Kraus and began a family. The two would become parents to a total of eight children (Elisabeth, Anna, Georg, Michael, Gabriel, Katharina, Konkordia and Charitas).
It is here in Eisenach, that Georg became acquainted with the outspoken Jakob Strauss. Strauss led the criticism of the unjust practice of placing the poor in debt under false pretenses. Jakob and Georg saw the peasants as helpless victims of an unjust aristocracy. At Strauss' insistence, Georg began to preach in the small town of Wenigen-Lupnitz. From this pulpit, he spoke all the more loudly about the very evident need for religious reform.
Some members of the establishment accused Georg of helping to excite the riots. In reality, Georg supported a non-violent expression of the new ideas. But it is possible that other members of Georg's family were more directly involved. Regardless, the result was that Georg lost his post as a preacher in Wenigen-Lupnitz. Now without work, Georg was soon penniless.
Erasmus had made popular the writings of the early Church Fathers. He wrote about the need to maintain Church doctrine based upon classic and established principles. Georg, like Erasmus, now believed that reform could only be achieved by returning to the fundamentals of the early Christian Church.
In 1527, he approached the theologians at Wittenberg with his new found ideas. But Georg found no acceptance there. Instead, the Lutherans accused Georg of aligning himself with the Anti-Trinitarian views of Johann Campanus ». As a consequence, in March of 1530, he was arrested and imprisoned in the castle of Belzig. Ultimately, he was declared innocent and soon released. But the experience was greatly demoralizing to Georg. He returned to Niemegk. But now physically ill and greatly dissatisfied, Georg left the Lutherans, and resigned his position as preacher in Niemegk in 1531.
He and his family now returned to Vacha. Here, he openly spoke against the Lutheran sect. Once again, he was without a job and penniless. But Georg continued to publish, proclaiming the soundness of the humanism founded in Erasmus. He began to publish anonymously under the pseudonym of Agricola Phaqus. Even so, his identity was discovered when he released his Pro defensione bonorum operum in 1532. His statements brought the Lutherans bitterly against him. In 1533, he replied with the publication of his Apologia. This is considered to be one of his most significant works. Here he expresses his reasons for returning to the Church of Rome. » These writings brought him a new popularity through which he gained new friends. He now was invited to chair the new department of Hebrew language at the University of Erfurt.
For the most part, the aristocracy remained faithful to the power in Rome. Many were seeking a peaceful resolution to the current discontent. Thus, with his moderate view, Georg was invited by the Roman Catholic Count Hoyer of Mansfeld to serve as priest for the small conservative parish of Saint Andrew's in Eisleben. Here, George faced five years of bitter attacks from the Protestants Johann Agricola », Justus Jonas », and Balthasar Raid ». Georg later wrote of his experience in Eisleben: In Vacha, dogs barked, here howl the wolves... Despite these harsh attacks from his opposition, Georg continued to stand by his moderate view.
Is Christ's Body and Blood truly present under the sacramental appearances? If thou art a Catholic, thou must say yes. Now then, is Christ's Body and Blood there a sacrifice also, and a victim? That is the crux of the question. But I will solve it for thee. If Christ's Body and Blood is no victim at all, then our faith is vain and we are yet in our sins. But if His Body and Blood is a victim even as yesterday so today, yea and for ever, how then darest thou deny Him to be a victim in the Sacrament?
n August of 1538, Georg was invited to Dresden by George the Bearded, Duke of Saxony, to assist in reaching a compromise between the distancing factions. Under the protection of the Duke, Georg was able to speak freely against a radical resolution. But upon his benefactor's death, Georg was forced to flee to the mountains of Bohemia in fear of his personal safety.
For a short time, he found protection under Joachim II, the Margrave of Brandenburg. But by this time the Reformation had gained its full force. Georg fled again, finding support for his ideas for a brief time in Lusatia, Silesia, and Bamberg.
Finally, in 1541, Georg returned to the security of his family home in Vacha, finding a safe haven with Abbot John of the Fulda Abbey. From here still, during the Schmalkald War, » he was forced to flee twice again, each time to Wurzburg.
After the long struggle, as he had narrowly weathered the hate, threats and adjustments that so controlled his life, Georg made his final move to Mainz in 1553, with his wife, Elisabeth, joining him in 1554.
In 1559, he received an imperial appointment under Emperor Ferdinand I. Here, he was granted a Doctorate of Theology. Despite being so greatly honored, Georg felt with deep regret hid disappointment that he was not able to successfully bring harmony among his religious colleagues.
I was on February 16, 1573 that George Witzel died in Mainz. Here, he was truly held in high esteem. Part of the inscription on his grave reads Our German Church owes much to him. A later historian adds an honorable note: If the Church had had more … Witzels, there would not have been the need for a Luther or a Calvin.
Georg is credited with having written nearly 140 works. As his humanist mentor, Erasmus, he felt that all questions of the salvation of the soul could be found in the Holy Scripture, without the interception of the Pope or the selling of indulgences. Thus, he believed that the Church had an obligation to provide sound doctrine that justly balanced the rights of all individuals before God.
Much can be learned about the early history of the Witzel family surname through a study of the family of Georg Witzel. In his letters, Luther referred to Georg as Wicel. And Georg's many wittings were published with many versions of his name: Jorge Witzel, Jorgen Witzceln, Georgio Witzell, Georgius Wicelius, Vicelius, Georgii Wicelii, Georgii Vicelii, Georgi Vuicelio, and Georgio Wicelio.
Witzel, Georg. Genealogion quoddam Georgii Wicelii. 1557. pp. 1-4.


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Whether the PTSD Sufferer is seeing a therapist, then you'll have to see. If you or somebody you love is struggling with PTSD, there's much that you can perform. It's implied that PTSD is Simple PTSD, if there's a PTSD.
As side effects aren't officially listed, each individual's body chemistry differs. The dosage can be big. If you feel unwell or are currently experiencing problems with your anticoagulation therapy, explore options with your health care provider.
Presently, there are not any over-the-counter medications approved to take care of anxiety or panic. Difficulties with warfarin typically stem from difficulties maintaining the INR that is proper.
Hospitalization could be the method when therapy isn't sufficient to assist a individual with a mental health condition. It is important to locate a therapist trained CBT as a way to acquire the most benefit. Fortunately, you own a therapist to aid you gain what you require for yourself to endure this landmark.
When someone will not find help and you love becomes sick with a mental illness, there are lots of emotions you may experience. PTSD will become a problem with time and is an important issue for veterans now. Many questions will start to appear when the patient is home.
Mental And Emotional Health and wellness Consistently, experts and also psychologists demand the value of having a positive way of thinking. Not only can mental health and wellness be raised, but not eating can assist to treat the body of practices that have been established such as alcohol, caffeine or bad foods. Timely information as relates to the numerous sorts of problems and taking care of them plays a very important function in looking after the condition. IDEA # 2: Send Your Basic Dimple, Yet Powerfully Punchy E-newsletter to the top 50 (and also 50 just) Entertainment, Mental Health, and also Area Centers. As well as research study has actually proven that a people connection with their family members can favorably or adversely influence their mental disorder. Currently this is an extremely touchy topic so if a mental wellness consumer is in reality giving up control of moneying to insure no acquisition of prohibited materials takes place, one must insure the managing program is credible, in good standing, and also properly managed. Rather, you need to keep in mind just the realities as well as allow mental wellness experts making such medical diagnoses. Allow's start with the most basic definition and afterwards enter into a much more detailed explanation. Excellent mental wellness suggests appreciating your success and approving your imperfections. Individuals with mental disorders are much more prone to enjoying convenience consuming or psychological binges. When we are sick, our body fights the health problem and similarly, when we are having mental illness, we need to establish our psychological stamina to combat the problems connected to our mental health. When estrogen degrees go down in menopause, ladies have the tendency to observe issues with their mental health and wellness, including memory gaps, stress, depression, unclear thinking, and also state of mind swings. For mental wellness practitioners, one should focus upon locating budget friendly or government subsidized housing for the mental medical care consumer, ideally in a situation which removes them from their instant setting (as it is vulnerable to cause relapses or proceeded drug abuse, etc.). Many significant cities have federal government subsidized low-income apartment building that you could consider for such consumers. Today, the relieving physician as well as the energetic relative are straight responsible for integrating people with mental disorder right into culture. Numerous break downs are due to mental health and wellness customers going off their drugs or inappropriate medication equilibriums, which is a travesty considering the avoidability of claimed incidents. One must, nonetheless, remove themselves from any kind of social media network that could add to a regression of the initial psychological condition.


At OSR Physical Therapy, our team of physical therapists provides programs focused on helping people decrease the time spent away from work while recovering from an injury. During this program, patients are assisted with the recovery process and reconditioned for their specific job requirements.
Our return to work program is specialized toward those recovering from any work related injury, such as back injuries or repetitive motion injuries. Depending on each patient's injury and personal needs, sessions may include strengthening, conditioning, and flexibility exercises; functional retraining; body mechanics retraining; injury prevention training; and recommendations for ergonomic changes or accommodations to prevent re-injury.
The physical therapists at OSR has years of experience helping patients return to work quickly and without pain.


Calling all IPA hounds! Catch our crew at Wisconsin IPA Fest, August 5th from 12-5pm. We'll be at Third Space Brewing pouring our Vermont Bandwagon IPA, a NEIPA that is dry hopped twice for a smooth finish with fruity undertones of citrus.
Can't make it over to Milwaukee or celebrate National IPA Day today? Fret not, we've got this stellar brew on tap at The Great Dane Pub & Brewing Company, Hilldale Location!


The sun is out in the sky and it's starting to feel just a little bit like spring !!
AND what a lovely surprise to see so many of you at Daisymade this weekend !! Especially as i was out on Sunday and got away without having to work :) hehe.


Made only in Roquefort village, Roquefort is the Emperor of blue cheeses, with distinctive veins of mould, and a white, crumbly and slightly moist inside, with a characteristic odour. Roquefort - the trinity of sweetness of ewes milk, saltiness and blue mould - first tastes slightly mild, then smoky and fades to a salty finish. Unpasteurised.


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Home » Nation » Cardinal: Priest who fathers child has moral obligation to child, mother
Cardinal: Priest who fathers child has moral obligation to child, mother
On: 8/22/2017, By , In: Nation
U.S. Cardinal Sean P. O'Malley, president of the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, speaks during a seminar on safeguarding children at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome March 23. (CNS photo/Paul Haring)
BOSTON (CNS) -- If a Catholic priest violates his vow of celibacy and fathers a child, he has "a moral obligation to step aside from ministry and provide for the care and needs of the mother and the child," said Boston Cardinal Sean P. O'Malley.
"In such a moment, their welfare is the highest priority," he said in a statement issued after the Spotlight team at the Boston Globe produced a two-part series Aug. 16 and 17 titled "Father, my father." Part 1 was headlined "Children of Catholic priests live with secrets and sorrow" and Part 2, "A priest's son takes his case directly to the pope."
"The gift of life must be protected and cared for in any and all circumstances," Cardinal O'Malley said in an Aug. 16 statement. "Every child is a precious gift from God, deserving the respect accorded to all people. At their ordination, Catholic priests make a promise of celibacy, a commitment to the church and the people they serve."
Cardinal O'Malley said that in 2016 the Pontifical Commission for the Protection of Minors, which he heads, had received "correspondence regarding the children of priests. After careful consideration of this important issue, it was judged to be beyond the commission's mandate."
"With recognition of the importance of these matters that have profoundly impacted the lives of the children, their mothers and the community at large, the commission determined to refer this issue to the Holy See for further review," the cardinal said.
The two-part Spotlight report claimed "priests fathering illegitimate children" is a worldwide and "systemic problem" in the Catholic Church.
Reporter Michael Rezendes wrote that "thousands of people across the world," including in the United States in "cities big and small" -- have "strong evidence that they are the sons and daughters of Catholic priests." "The children say they're often neglected or shamed into silence," according to the reporter.
One man featured in the Globe report is an Irishman named Vincent Doyle, who according to the paper was 28 when he learned his godfather, a Catholic priest, was actually his biological father. But the priest had died and Doyle had little information, the newspaper said.
According to the Globe, he approached the Irish bishops about his situation, which ultimately led to Archbishop Diarmuid Martin of Dublin giving some funds to help Doyle found Coping: Children of Priests International. Doyle also had a copy of a letter about his situation that he gave to Pope Francis during a general audience.
The website says Coping is "a voluntary mental health organization that promotes the well-being of children of Catholic priests and religious as well as their parents worldwide. We work alongside the church encouraging openness toward people affected by this issue."
The Globe reported that Archbishop Martin feels bishops can and should make priest "honor their financial and emotional obligations to their children."
"Fundamentally, a child has a right to know their father and the father has fundamental obligations toward his son or daughter," the archbishop told the newspaper.
In his statement, Cardinal O'Malley said the commission he heads "functions as an advisory body to the Holy Father, proposing norms and practices for protecting minors from sexual abuse."
"In particular, the commission seeks to assist dioceses and religious orders throughout the world as they implement education and training programs for the prevention of sexual abuse," he said. "It is not within the charge of the commission to become involved with individual cases."


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Darren Touch's advice for young people considering community involvement
By Khmerican
Darren Touch
My two-year term as President of the Cambodian Association of the Ottawa Valley came to a conclusion at our Annual General Members Meeting (AGM) in May 2017. Since then, I have found myself able to reflect on the last five years of being a community member, a member of the Board of Directors, Vice-President and President of the Association. There were moments of frustration, accomplishments and failures, but as a whole, there are no regrets. Rather, I leave with the conviction that it was a rewarding experience.
The Cambodian diaspora in Canada is often mired by dramas, divisions and tensions. The impact is harmful and visible, and as a result, participation from community members is restricted and limited, especially from young Cambodian-Canadians.
Positive intentions do exist, but we often see a lack of cooperation and coordination with pre-existing bodies, and sometimes a reluctance to want to. This ultimately results in a duplication of efforts where we see very similar organizations and programs created to serve the community. Funding, resources and member participation become restricted and limited as a result.
As a young person, it may sometimes be hard to know where to start and how to make an impact, given the complex environment our communities operate in. At a certain point, it becomes a gamble and a risk.
Complex though it may be, I grew up having very fond memories of the Cambodian community. Growing up in Calgary, Alberta, I remember the rich and vibrant music, dance and food from the Cambodian parties; the annual Khmer New Year celebration and Pchum Ben ceremonies at the temple and the enriching weekly Khmer language classes. They were connections to a distinct ancient Kingdom, one that has had a turbulent history but continues to be resilient, courageous and spirited. Although foreign, these experiences had a profound impact in helping me understand who I am as a Cambodian-Canadian. It strengthened my identity.
Why should we care?
The answer is simple: it is a part of our identity. If we remain apathetic, we risk losing who we are. There's a Cambodian saying, "Bamboo shoots are the future bamboo." Young people are the bamboo shoots of our community. If we don't encourage young people to become engaged and involved now, will there be a community in 10, 15 or 20 years?
Our community needs us now more than ever.
My parents were strongly against my involvement, and many parents echo this position to their children wanting them to focus on their education. When I moved away for university, I wanted to find something similar to home. I came across the Cambodian Association of the Ottawa Valley and got to know the members who invited me to various community events. As a student far away from home, the community was incredibly welcoming and the community would become a home away from home.
In 2012, I attended the Annual General Members Meeting and the election of the Board of Directors was to take place. The chair of the meeting proceeded to ask the members whether anyone else would like to become a candidate. One of the members then turned to me and suggested I run. He said, "We need more young people leading our community." One thing I noticed at all our community events is that there were hardly any young Cambodian-Canadians. Daunting as it was, I asked myself two questions: "What community do I want?" and "What's the worst that could happen?" I wanted to be a part of the solution, rather than a bystander. It's better being proactive than inactive.
In a culture like ours where age is associated with wisdom, there were times when my age seemed like a barrier. However, there are also many within our community who value the role young people can play. At 18, I was the youngest member of the Board of Directors. At 20, I became the youngest-serving president. Ageism continues to exist within our culture and it isn't unique to this realm. You will face age discrimination wherever you go. At times, I was insulted, threatened, underestimated, disrespected and ignored. However, these negative experiences would not deter me from the incredible opportunity to help shape our community. I sought to gain the trust and confidence of the community through my actions.
I had been fortunate to work with incredible colleagues on the Board of Directors and members of our community. Together, we enhanced the presence of our community within Canada's pluralistic community. We strengthened our partnership with key stakeholders and organizations. We sought to establish an Arts program, and we established clear guiding rules and procedures to ensure we were transparent and accountable to our members. These were accomplishments, but there were also many failures. Each one was a learning lesson for us.
So, if you are considering participating in this both vibrant and challenging community, my advice to you is this: don't be discouraged. The smallest contribution can make a difference. You will succeed, fail and learn. Both the community and you will grow as a result. In the end, I urge you again to ask yourself this: "What community do I want?" and "What's the worst that could happen?" Our community needs you now more than ever.
Darren Touch served as the President of the Cambodian Association of the Ottawa Valley from 2015 – 2017. He is currently a candidate of the Master of Public Policy and Global Affairs at the University of British Columbia. Darren's interest and passion for public policy has led him to diverse roles in the public, private, and non-governmental sector in Canada and abroad. In 2012, Darren was awarded the TD Scholarship for Community Leadership, one of Canada's top undergraduate awards for community leaders.
Related Items:Darren Touch, Featured
In the Spotlight: Daphnee Lucenet, international model
About face: the Cambodian diaspora increasingly turns to its roots
Why Khmer America should care about the 2013 Cambodian election
Review of From the Heart of Brahma
One in 10 Cambodians have hepatitis B
Conviction of Khmer Rouge leaders raises interconnected definitions of justice
Weaving together the Cambodian diaspora patchwork


In October 2016 council launched an exciting new health and well-being initiative called 'Healthy Sunshine Coast'; a series of free or low cost group fitness opportunities made available for Sunshine Coast residents to participate in across the coast.
Below are the free or low cost activities for residents ($10 or less).
Activities under Healthy Sunshine Coast are undertaken at the participant's sole risk.
All liability is with the third party providing the activity - not by council.
By participating in Healthy Sunshine Coast activities you agree in the Physical Activity Participant Terms and Conditions[56KB].
Are you interested in being a provider for the Healthy Sunshine Coast program? Register your Expression of Interest.
Want to stay up to date with council's health and wellbeing programs and initiatives? Subscribe to our Healthy Sunshine Coast e-newsletter.
Healthy Sunshine Coast and TAFE East Coast partner to deliver a range of free physical activity opportunities in our community.
Current opportunities to participate in a group fitness activity.
Low cost or free opportunities for mums with children aged 0 to 5 years to be active and healthy.
Free and low cost activities for seniors to be active and healthy.
Find out about free and low cost yoga for all ages.
Improve your mental health and wellbeing or find resources to assist.
Sunshine Coast Libraries hosts informative and interesting sessions to improve your health and wellbeing.
Council also supports other external health and wellbeing initiatives.


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Q: How to interpret a polychoric correlation? I've checked related links to understand what a Polychoric Correlation measures, got some 404's and other unanswered questions. I've seen it used to determine independence between Nominal/Interval ( "Contunuized"*, aka, Jointly Normal ) on YouTube (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=besaBez9giw&t=597s), as ways of measure correlation between (underlying continuous ) variables, and I've seen it used to describe the distribution of some (underlying continuous ) trait of fertility of cattle given data on cattle births (From John Uebersax' page ).
I (think I) understand the general underlying setup for the polychoric. We start with a paired
discrete/Interval/Ordinal data set . We assume each data set is discrete output comes from an
underlying Normal Distribution , and the pair of variables is jointly-normal. The poly/tetra choric
is then the Pearson correlation between these underlying continuous variables . Is this correct? If so, does it have / can it be used for the purposes described in the above paragraph?
Edit: Also, are normality of each and joint normality required? How robust is it (i.e., how well does the test fare under departures from normality assumptions). Because doesn't joint normality equivalent to individual Normality?

A: Let me provide my answer using the tetrachoric correlation (which is the polychoric correlation when you have two dichotomous ordinal variables).
First, the answer to the first question is: "yes"...this would be the correlation of the underlying (i.e., unobserved) latent variables.  And, based on the assumption that the last concept is dichotomous/ordinal, the correlation could be applied to describe the hypothetical underlying distribution.
To clarify, for the calculation of our correlation, we are assuming that our dichotomous observations are actually continuous (normally distributed) values...but they have been dichotomized because these fall above/below some cut value ($\tau$).  So we observe $x=0$ or $x=1$, but this we are assuming that this is really $x=0$ if $\xi < \tau$ and $x=1$ if $\xi > \tau$...and the "real" data (even if we can't see it) is $\xi$.  So, in your example, the underlying fertility trait is $\xi$ and we are just observing the dichotomized $x$.  (The terminology from latent variable analysis is that $\xi$ is the latent/unobservable variable and $x$ is the manifest/measured/observed variable.)
Now, if we assume the same thing for our 2nd variable, say $y$ (with an underlying $\eta$ variable), then we call the correlation of $\xi$ and $\eta$ the tetrachoric correlation.
A brief comment on how this is estimated:  using the marginal means and the distribution of the values into the four quadrants (cells of the 2×2 contingency table), we can estimate the $\tau$ cuts and the $\rho$ correlation of the latent variables.  We often make simplifying assumptions such as the variance of the latent variables are 1...and if we can't actually measure them anyway, the actually degree of spread is kind of arbitrary...so might as well make is easy to work with.
Second brief comment:  for ordinal variables, the same idea holds...but now we have more than one $\tau$-cut to subdivide the normal distribution into regions associated with the different values of the ordinal measure.
Now for the next question:  ¿do we need to assume that the underlying distributions are normal?  Well, the key idea here is that we are attempting to describe something that can never be measured or directly observed.  So, we really don't know what the distribution would be.  So, to my earlier point, if we can't actually see it, we get some freedom in how we choose to describe it.  As such, we can make our life easier by picking a distribution that is relatively easy to work with...so, why not pick the normal distribution.
Another way to think about this is if you place the $\tau$ cuts on a normal distribution, you obtain a set of relative frequencies for each value of the ordinal measure.  In truth, if you picked a different distribution, you could obtain those same (marginal) percentages, you just would have to pick your new $\tau$-cuts accordingly.
So, the question of robustness may not be contextually appropriate here.  While I believe you could obtain different estimates for the underlying correlations for different distributions, this is a question about when we know specific information about the "latent" variable...but if we really knew that much information about these types of variables, they probably would be observable, and we wouldn't actually need to do a latent analysis.
I hope this helps.  Happy to clarify anything as needed.

UPDATE #1a
Here is a graphic I generated to help elaborate on this idea.

UPDATE #1b
Here is some brief commentary about the graphic from yesterday.  For my personal learning, I have found it very useful to "visualize" the assumptions of the models.  As such, I like to think about the actual data generation process that might play out.
In this context, the "assumption" is that the latent variables follow a bivariate normal distribution, and there are some cuts along the latent scale that separate observed data into the ordinal categorical scores.  To clarify, I believe the assumption of bivariate normality is just a convenience, as you could obtain any marginal relative frequencies with ANY distribution if you position the tau-cuts appropriately.  So, since we can't see what the wizard is really doing behind the curtain, let's just keep it simple since we now how to work with normal distributions.
So, the upper-left graphic shows a simulated draw from a bivariate normal distribution (with N(0,1) for each marginal distribution and a fixed rho of 0.3.  I kinda just made up some tau-cuts for each axis and I've color coded to help distinguish distance from the diagonal of rectangles formed by the tau-cuts.
The next graphic simply "collapses" all the observations in each rectangle to one bunch.  The idea here is that if we have this pattern of bivariate data with these tau-cuts, these are reasonable relative frequencies to see for a corresponding 5x5 contingency table for our observed ordinal data.
The next graphic (lower-right) just makes the rectangles all the same size, and the last graphic (lower-left) just relabels the observed data in the fashion we would see it.
So, what polychoric correlation is doing is taking this process and trying to run it in reverse.  We start with a relative frequency pattern for our contingency table of ordinal data in the lower-left, and we find the optimal solution for correlation and tau-cuts to get us back to a bivariate normal distribution that would have comparable relative joint-frequencies.

A: The answer by Gregg H is very good. However I'd like to add something about the "assumption" of normality. The whole concept of polychoric correlation is based on the normality assumption. In fact the same observable distribution of categories is compatible with any continuous marginal distribution, and I'm pretty convinced that often the correlation between two latent variables can take a large range of values if we try to find "worst case" non-normal underlying distributions that move the correlation as far away from the one under normality assumption as possible. This is because the correlation is very sensitive to outliers, so that shifting small probabilities to infinity in the latent distribution will have a huge impact on correlations. (Note that for sure the latent distributions can be chosen so that second moments, and therefore correlations, do not exist.)
So statements about the "true" correlation between the "true" latent variables will not be robust, and one can't just justify using the normality assumption for convenience reasons. There is no way to test it either, as Gregg H correctly noted. In fact it is possible to test whether the dependence structure is like a normal one (Gaussian copula), but this is not enough to make sure that correlations are robust, as outliers can spoil the correlation through the marginal distributions even if the dependence structure is fixed.
This seems quite negative, however my own interpretation would be different. I do not think that it is in fact required that the "true" underlying distribution is Gaussian; I'd rather say that the polychoric distribution is a measure of correlation between the observed categorical variables that is "calibrated" through an underlying Gaussian model. The role of the Gaussian model here is not to be "true", but rather to fix a setup that allows to compute a correlation measure. The Gaussian is symmetric and does not have heavy tails, so it will lead to a rather regular and intuitive correlation measure; skew distributions or distributions with outliers will imply correlations that are less intuitively connected to the observed categorical dependence, therefore less desirable. (In fact I believe that the Gaussian correlation will be more robust, at least regarding what happens working with similarly "nice" distributions, than any correlation based on a skew or heavy-tailed distribution, even though worst cases will always be bad).
So there is a way to use polychoric correlations that in my view makes sense regardless of whether there is a "true latent distribution". In most cases I'd say that such a distribution does not really exist, rather it is a modelling device, and then we can choose a nice and convenient one. However, beware of interpreting polychoric correlations as true correlations between real latent variables.


I first posed the question, "Could Mobile Health Become Addictive?" on August 20th. Since then I've done more thinking and I'm warming to the concept. In fact, I'll be addressing this topic when I speak at the upcoming Connected Health Symposium (our 10th! Oct 24, 25 at the Seaport World Trade Center in Boston), and I hope to see you there.
So how can we take advantage of this phenomenon to improve your health? When we get together on October 25, I'll be talking about three strategies and three tactics to make health addictive.
Habit learning is perhaps a less pejorative description of the tendency to check in with our smart phones. Skinner's observations about the power of variable ratio or interval reinforcement is likely based on the physiology of the cortical-striatal "habit" system compared to one trial emotional learning which depends on activation of the amygdala. Creating health habits-my favorite being medication adherence-is very useful.
Wow. Spoken like someone who's trained in behavioral sciences, David. I appreciate your comments.
I come from the behavioral sciences / product design worlds (highly related worlds as it turns out), and a place designers often look for ideas to make habits…particularly difficult habits…sticky / habit-forming / engaging is the game design industry.
The first level is slow-paced, even downright easy. Then, as the player becomes more comfortable with the basic physics of the game, they add complexity very slowly over time (ie, progressively). So the game is always challenging, but never completely out of the player's comfort zone.
A lot of the classic behavioral sciences stuff is baked in there…mastery, self-efficacy, low barriers to initial entry, momentum…but a lot of it is very subtle. Those things aren't necessarily the same as the "gamification" that a lot of people talk about (points, leveling up, etc), and I think it's a nice "addictive design" principle.
I think public health agencies (like CDC) aren't incorporating mobile health enough in their campaigns. Some of the greatest achievements of the 20th century in Public Health would have been easier/more effective to achieve through mobile/SM – and I think that stands true presently as well.
What I love about your concepts is your macro view of other industries and how their methodologies can be put to use in healthcare. Other industries that use techniques that can be applied – 1) Weight Loss – i.e Weight Watchers , 2) Online Advertising – i.e. Google 3) Ecommerce – i.e. Amazon.com and eBay 4) Pharma – treatment/drug adherence. They all have "motivation" as a core component to their business and it is a requirement for their success. These industries have had to figure out how to be successful in motivating consumers. Its refreshing to see some strategic outside the box thinking because that's where the real innovation is going to happen.


The illustrations are so beautiful, but, I do not have space for them. Would love to find then a good home.
Picture in the Facebook group.
I'll take them - I love antique books! PM me here or on FB about shipping.


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Q: Jquery not loading in jsFiddle I am trying to use jQuery-ui's drag and drop with angular js for a list of accordions ...
However my drag and drop doesn work in jsFiddle ( works in local server) as firebug states that : ReferenceError: jQuery is not defined .
Here is the jsFiddle
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<title>Task WhiteBoard</title>

<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="AngularJS + jQuery UI Drag-n-Drop" />
<title>Angular Drag and Drop</title>

Task Whiteboard

    Free Tasks

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A: Take A look on the Left Panel of JSFiddle, there you have selected Pure JS, if you want to use
Jquery UI then choose jquery version 1.7.2 and check the checkBox jquery UI 1.8.18 which is  below that.

A: Your managed resources are out of order. You need to reorder them with jquery first, then jquery ui, etc. That will solve the JS error that jQuery is undefined.


text:
666.01 DEFINITIONS.
As used in this chapter:
(a) "Harmful to juveniles." That quality of any material or performance describing or representing nudity, sexual conduct, sexual excitement, or sado-masochistic abuse in any form to which all of the following apply:
(1) The material or performance, when considered as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest of juveniles in sex.
(2) The material or performance is patently offensive to prevailing standards in the adult community as a whole with respect to what is suitable for juveniles.
(3) The material or performance, when considered as a whole, lacks serious literary, artistic, political, and scientific value for juveniles.
(b) "Juvenile." Any unmarried person under 18 years of age.
(c) "Material." Any book, magazine, newspaper, pamphlet, poster, print, picture, figure, image, description, motion picture film, video cassette, laser disc, phonograph record, cassette tape, compact disc, or other tangible thing capable of arousing interest through sight, sound, or touch and includes an image or text appearing on a computer monitor, television screen, liquid crystal display, or similar display device or an image or text recorded on a computer hard disk, computer floppy disk, compact disk, magnetic tape, or similar data storage device.
(d) "Mental health client or patient." Has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 2305.51.
(e) "Mental health professional." Has the same meaning as in Ohio R.C. 2305.115.
(f) "Minor." A person under the age of 18.
(g) "Nudity." The showing, representation, or depiction of human male or female genitals, pubic area, or buttocks with less than a full, opaque covering, or of a female breast with less than a full, opaque covering of any portion thereof below the top of the nipple, or of covered male genitals in a discernibly turgid state.
(h) "Obscene." When considered as a whole, and judged with reference to ordinary adults or, if it is designed for sexual deviates or other specially susceptible group, judged with reference to that group, any material or performance is "obscene" if any of the following apply:
(1) Its dominant appeal is to prurient interest.
(2) Its dominant tendency is to arouse lust by displaying or depicting sexual activity, masturbation, sexual excitement, or nudity in a way that tends to represent human beings as mere objects of sexual appetite.
(3) Its dominant tendency is to arouse lust by displaying or depicting bestiality or extreme or bizarre violence, cruelty, or brutality.
(4) Its dominant tendency is to appeal to scatological interest by displaying or depicting human bodily functions of elimination in a way that inspires disgust or revulsion in persons with ordinary sensibilities, without serving any genuine scientific, educational, sociological, moral, or artistic purpose.
(5) It contains a series of displays or descriptions of sexual activity, masturbation, sexual excitement, nudity, bestiality, extreme or bizarre violence, cruelty, or brutality, or human bodily functions of elimination, the cumulative effect of which is a dominant tendency to appeal to prurient or scatological interest, when the appeal to such an interest is primarily for its own sake or for commercial exploitation, rather than primarily for a genuine scientific, educational, sociological, moral, or artistic purpose.
(i) "Performance." Any motion picture, preview, trailer, play, show, skit, dance, or other exhibition performed before an audience.
(j) "Prostitute." A male or female who promiscuously engages in sexual activity for hire, regardless of whether the hire is paid to the prostitute or to another.
(k) "Sado-masochistic abuse." Flagellation or torture by or upon a person or the condition of being fettered, bound, or otherwise physically restrained.
(l) "Sexual activity." Sexual conduct or sexual contact, or both.
(m) "Sexual conduct." Vaginal intercourse between a male and female; anal intercourse, fellatio, and cunnilingus between persons regardless of sex; and, without privilege to do so, the insertion, however slight, of any part of the body or any instrument, apparatus, or other object into the vaginal or anal opening of another. Penetration, however slight, is sufficient to complete vaginal or anal intercourse.
(n) "Sexual contact." Any touching of an erogenous zone of another, including without limitation the thigh, genitals, buttock, pubic region, or, if the person is a female, a breast, for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying either person.
(o) "Sexual excitement." The condition of human male or female genitals when in a state of sexual stimulation or arousal.
(p) "Spouse." A person married to an offender at the time of an alleged offense, except that such person shall not be considered the spouse when any of the following apply:
(1) When the parties have entered into a written separation agreement pursuant to Ohio R.C. 3103.06.
(2) When an action is pending between the parties for annulment, divorce, dissolution of marriage, or legal separation.
(3) In the case of an action for legal separation, after the effective date of the judgment for legal separation.
(ORC 2907.01)


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Rodney Reese's net worth, biography, fact, career, awards and life story
Rodney Reese Wiki – Rodney Reese Biography
Rodney Reese spent a night in jail after being arrested for being on the streets while walking home from work in freezing conditions during winter weather last week.
The Plano Police Chief said he is dropping the charge against Reese because he does not conform to what officers were called in to investigate. Reese lives with his mother just a few blocks away, just down the street from where he works.
Rodney Reese Age
Rodney Reese was 18 years old.
Charges – Arrested
A black man in Texas was arrested for walking in the middle of a street during a snowstorm, but the misdemeanor charge has since been dropped, police said.
Video from last Tuesday's encounter shows Rodney Reese, 18, walking home from his job at Walmart in the middle of a snow-covered street when Plano cops approached him for a wellness check.
"Dude, stop, we're trying to help you," said an officer before jumping out of a police patrol car. Then another cop asked Reese, that he was wearing a T-shirt, jeans and no coat, if he needed to be taken somewhere, the clip shows.
"No, I'm straight," Reese answered flatly.
Officers said they were "just trying to make sure" Reese was okay, but he ignored his orders to stop and talk to them as he continued on his way home.
"Can you calm down?" a woman said to Reese. "We just want to talk to you … you're walking in the middle of the road."
Reese repeatedly said that he was on his way to his home and denied the officers' request for a ride, as well as for him to identify himself. A police officer said they were "conducting an investigation" into a report of a man who tripped while walking in a neighborhood without proper clothing, the video shows.
Police Statement
Police said in a statement that police had responded to the scene after someone reported that Reese was possibly disabled or in the middle of a mental health crisis. Officers continued to follow him before handcuffing him, the clip shows.
"Stop resisting!" said an officer.
"Let me go, let me go!" Reese responds about the images. "What the hell happens to you?"
Police noted that Reese, who was arrested for the misdemeanor of being a pedestrian on the highway, was not charged with resisting arrest in the incident.
Meanwhile, the Plano police chief said the misdemeanor charge was also dropped against Reese because the officers' response did not correlate to the incident.
"They should have taken him home, it's where he should have gone," Chief Ed Drain told KDFW.
Department heads will determine if an investigation into the incident is needed, KDFW reported.
Reese, for his part, said he ignored the officers' offer of help because he was only a few blocks from where he lives with his mother.
"They just treated me like he was a criminal or something," Reese, who spent a night in jail, told the station. "Just a simple meeting. A simple encounter. So I tried to avoid it, so I could get home. "
Reese insists that his race was the only reason the cops detained him that night.
"Just because I'm black, that's it," Reese told KDFW. "It's because I'm black, I fit a description. It hurts, man."
Drain denied those accusations but said: "I can't get into people's hearts, I can't get into people's heads."


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Official: Sadio Mané Signs New Long-Term Liverpool Deal
The Reds have now locked down their formidable front three for the foreseeable future.
By Noel Chomyn@LFCOffside Nov 22, 2018, 10:11pm GMT
Share All sharing options for: Official: Sadio Mané Signs New Long-Term Liverpool Deal
Photo by Julian Finney/Getty Images
Earlier in the year, Liverpool moved quickly to sign Roberto Firmino and Mohamed Salah to new long-term deals and signalled that Sadio Mané would be next. As the months passed and no new deal for the 26-year-old winger was forthcoming, some began to worry.
Those worries can be put to rest today as the Senegal international has signed a new long-term deal with the club that runs through 2023, and to hear Mané tell it, there was never really any doubt—he was always going to agree a new deal, it was just a question of when.
"I am very happy, very happy to extend my time at Liverpool," Mane told the club's official website following the announcement. "It is a great day for me and now I am looking forward to everything—to helping the team, to helping the club achieve our dreams."
With Mané's contract out of the way, the focus can now fully turn back to matters on the pitch where Liverpool are preparing for a pair of important matches as they face Watford in the league and then Paris Saint-Germain in a potentially pivotal Champions League tie.
And while a few more goals to celebrate his new deal would be a nice way to cap off the month, Mané knows that, whatever happens next, Liverpool and the chance to work with Jürgen Klopp was the right move to make and has him positioned for success.
"I've always said, when I knew I had a chance to come here I didn't have to think twice," he added. "The right club in the right moment and with the right coach as well. I came here and was very happy. For me, I have made the best decision in my career."


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Target discrimination training done right
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You are at:Home»News - National»US appeals court upholds California bullet stamping law
Empty bullet casings sit in a container at the National Armory gun store and gun range in Pompano Beach, Fla. A U.S. appeals court has upheld a California law that requires new models of semi-automatic handguns to stamp identifying information on bullet casings to help solve crimes. [AP PHOTO]
US appeals court upholds California bullet stamping law
By Kent Thurber on	 August 4, 2018 News - National, Uncategorized
Kent's Note: This story comes from the Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO — A California requirement that new models of semi-automatic handguns stamp identifying information on bullet casings when fired is a "real-world solution" to help solve gun crimes, a divided U.S. appeals court said Friday in a decision that upheld the novel law.
The stamping requirement and two measures intended to make guns safer did not violate the 2nd Amendment because they left plenty of firearms for sale in California and were reasonable to further the state's goal of keeping people safe, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals said in a 2-1 decision.
Gun rights advocates had argued that manufacturers didn't have the technology to implement the stamping requirement, so the law was effectively a ban on the sale of new guns in the state.
Writing for the majority, Judge M. Margaret McKeown said the inability to buy particular guns did not infringe the 2nd Amendment right to self-defense in the home.
"Indeed, all of the plaintiffs admit that they are able to buy an operable handgun suitable for self-defense — just not the exact gun they want," she said.
McKeown, joined by Judge J. Clifford Wallace, also rejected the argument that the stamping technology was impossible to implement.
The 9th Circuit was analyzing the law under a less rigorous judicial standard in order to reach its "policy preferences," said Brandon Combs, executive director of the Calguns Foundation, one of the plaintiffs.
"Really what the 9th Circuit is saying and has said in other cases basically is as long as a person that is law abiding has access to one handgun inside of their home, then that's it," he said. "That's the extent of their right. We think that's quite wrong."
In a dissenting opinion, 9th Circuit Judge Jay Bybee said there was conflicting evidence about whether the stamping requirement was technically feasible. If the state adopted a requirement that no gun manufacturer could satisfy, the law would not help the state solve handgun crimes and would illegally restrict gun purchases, he said.
Also at issue in the case were two additional state requirements that were intended to prevent accidental discharges of handguns. The 9th Circuit upheld those mandates too.
The stamping requirement — the first of its kind in the nation — requires new models of pistols to have a microscopic array of characters in two spots that identify the gun's make, model and serial number and are imprinted on the casings when the weapon is fired. The goal is to allow law enforcement to trace casings left at a crime scene to the weapons from which they were discharged.
The California law, which Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger signed in 2007 and took effect in 2013, doesn't affect guns already on the state's official firearm roster. Only new or modified semi-automatic handguns sold in California must be equipped with the technology.
Washington, D.C., had been keeping a close eye on how California implemented the law, and now has a similar stamping requirement.
Adam Skaggs, chief counsel for the Giffords Law Center to Prevent Gun Violence, said other states will take notice of the court rulings in California.
The California Supreme Court in June threw out a separate lawsuit that sought to block the state's stamping law.
"To the extent that this is not bogged down in litigation, it's going to say to regulators elsewhere that they ought to take another, close look," he said.
In a separate decision Friday, a three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit unanimously upheld another California law that bans people licensed to carry concealed firearms from having them on school grounds.
Kent Thurber
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The taste for analog style in photography and design is not just wistful nostalgia, it's about the desire to introduce something random into the creative process, making the final image a little off kilter. Photographer Lucas Allen has just shot an 8-page spread for Everyday Food magazine using the Hipstamatic App on his iPhone 4.
Anna Last, editor-in-chief of Everyday Food told Lauren Indvik of Mashable that. "what we liked about it is that it gives you the surprise element like a Polaroid does," she told Mashable. "It's a nice little irony, using old technology to get that effect again." Though not everything was left to chance as each image was also shot with a conventional digital camera as a back-up.
Is "surprise" communicated in the image, or is it part of the production process. The images are graphic and angular while the color and lighting is a little random. Is this an Art Director's picnic? Or is it really what a picnic looks like? There is random lighting on some of the images, and despite the perfect arrangement, the Picnic is definitely one of those settings where you might expect a little disorder.
We have examined the popularity among consumers of sharing food photos taken on smartphones. It's clear we are seeing the emergence of a trend in food imagery, of the food photograph as a piece of instant data, alongside the traditional gloriously reverential photograph of the glossy food magazines.