Nelda Hogan Baby Boy, 2019-03-16 05:32:04. It's possible to then provide the gifts to the mom-to-be at your distinctive outing or, if you're having a little shower, at the shower. Invitations are for the most part made from card stock, which is offered in the industry. Once you receive the invitations from the way, then the rest ought to be smooth-sailing. The best way to make a superior invitation is to look carefully at the wording.
Alma Contreras Baby Girl, 2019-03-19 13:44:15. Make a fast search and select the catchiest wordings that you're able to emulate in your invitations. Party invitations are important as it is your principal method of communicating all the needed details to your guests. In reality, you may use any of the items a baby uses and either increase your invitation or intensify the invitation inside them.
Danrelle Horn Neutral, 2019-03-19 13:44:15. Checkout testimonials from our recent customers to observe how we can help you make stunning shower invites in virtually no time. Personalize invites just how you like. Upgrading the home usually means that you will need something very special which may increase the attractiveness of each corner and room, including shower. Especially when you're able to discover guests arriving often. What kind of guests you're having.
Dakota Swanson Neutral, 2019-03-18 11:56:03. If you're not from the united states, we'd like to hear about your infant shower traditions! Whether you're hosting the shower for your very best friend or relative, there's always a means to create stunning custom made invitations for the party that will exceed their expectations. There are several things you can do to help a baby shower.
Dawna Ortega Baby Girl, 2019-03-18 11:56:03. Decide upfront what type of invitation you'll be sending. The sort of invitation will present your visitors a notion of what is going to be expected at the party. You can produce the invitation as simple or as complicated as you need and according to your budget. If you want to purchase customized invitations, tiny prints are among our favourite areas to get invitations.
Ora Davenport Neutral, 2019-03-19 13:44:12. Put in some information regarding the shower, for instance, who you're giving the shower to, the time the shower will occur, where the shower is to be provided and the date the shower will happen. Baby showers may also be planned for adopted babies. They are generally given by friends or co-workers, but can also include relatives as guests.
Dakota Swanson Neutral, 2019-03-19 13:44:09. These days, many couples are welcoming a number of babies in their lives at the same time. Turning into a mom is extremely scary and the practice of ensuring you're totally prepared is of course cushioned by the conventional baby shower. Babies are costly, but your baby shower doesn't need to be. To present appropriate care for your baby there's so much you should know and so lots of things you must have.


The exact title of the painting: Brutus, Lucretius (father of Lucretia) and Collatinus (her husband) Vow to Avenge her Death and to Drive the Tarquins from Rome.
In the Brutus story, the oath was sworn as a promise of individual revenge against a corrupt monarchy, and it was somewhat inconsistent and redundant to have noble and virtuous Romans swear an oath to affirm a virtue that was beyond question - patriotism. But the motif of the oath allowed David to present a unified and memorable distillation of a highly involved story.


[3.5 Soulknife PrC]"No, go ahead. Try the spell again."
[D&D 3.5 E6] Off-the-cuff Encounter: What am I?
GiTP Pathfinder Grab Bag Competition III - Playgrounders Assemble!
"Hmph. Let me show you what TRUE weapon mastery means."
Micro RPG Core Rules! - Please critique!
Name for a wand wielding PrC?
Alternate Rules: A treatise on combat and other rules.
[WIP]Warrior Monk (Arcane Gish) I need some help balance wise.
The Witch :D [3.5] PEACH!
(3.5) Daemon's Seal Base Class: The Scion (WIP) PEACHing appreciated.
The Fighter (Now Oddly Similar to the Binder!) PEACHING NEEDED!
UPDATED: Melee Keyblade Wielder (3.5 Base Class) PEACH!
UPDATED: Grenadier (3.5 Base Class) PEACH!
Class & Level Based Bonus to Skill Checks.
Blacksmith (Basic 3.5 Class) PEACH!
The Full Release of [2d6] is here! Thanks to everyone who made it possible! PEACH!
How do *you* create a campaign (order in which you do things)?
Simple question and a random aside.
[Bloodline] Anyone done a Succubus Bloodline?
I Need to Brew Something. What?


Charges vary - info here.
We accept Visa, MasterCard, Amex, Discovery and PayPal.
Delivery times vary based upon what shipping service is selected and depending on where you are having your order delivered to.
Our website is secure and safe.
Once you have placed your order you will receive an email confirmation. Once the order has been shipped you will receive another email, which will include the tracking information.
Yes, you will receive a digital receipt from us via email and a paper invoice along with your order.


The way you tell it matters more.
ACC brings two decades of experience to branding, strategy and content development. We cultivate, curate and direct top creative talent to produce work that reflects your values and vision.
Corvias had established a new branding campaign, but something was missing.
ACC worked with HitTrax to show real, positive transformations of players and coaches.
silence the voices of the voiceless, #standswithimmigrants took a stand.
Need Good Marketing? Start with Values.
Here's the thing with open secrets — they make things alright that have no business being alright.
From snake oil and miracle tonics to Lehman Brothers and listicles, it's a world built on angles, spin, and manipulation.
Photography project highlights contributions of Boston's immigrant community.
The best partnerships often start with a simple chat.
At ACC, we start with values first. Once aligned with your mission and goals, we review your objectives and produce work that's on time, on message and on budget.


I picked up my painted pottery yesterday!
Does it look handpainted? Yes.
It's been a crazy week, and I am so thankful for the weekend. I'm leaving right now to pick up Scott's dad at the airport. We're going to give him the DFW tour and show him the house for the first time. Should be fun!


All Nippon Airways flight 692 in Takamatsu after smoke in the cockpit forced an emergency landing. 137 passengers were evacuated, 5 of whom were injured in the process (Credits: Reuters).
On January 16, the US Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) grounded all Boeing 787 Dreamliner airplanes pending investigation into the safety of its batteries. Poland followed suit, quickly joined by the rest of Europe by decree of the European Aviation Safety Administration. Japan's fleet had already been voluntarily suspended. India and Ethiopia joined the ban within hours.
"Before further flight, operators of U.S.-registered, Boeing 787 aircraft must demonstrate to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) that the batteries are safe," read the FAA's emergency airworthiness directive in part.
The move came after a series of incidents with the Dreamliner power source instigated fire-related hazards aboard the luxury jet. On January 7, a battery fire occurred in a Japan Airlines 787 while on the ground in Boston. On January 8, an inspection found a defective wire bundle connected to another 787 in Boston. On January 11, the FAA announced a safety review of the plane. On January 16, an All Nippon Airways 787 made an emergency landing in Japan after a battery fire broke out mid-flight. A December 4th flight that made an emergency landing in New Orleans due to a fuel leak seems to be unrelated to the battery issue, but Boeing had a battery malfunction incident even earlier in a 2010 test flight of the vehicle. The incidents all stemmed from the battery pack in Dreamliner's aft equipment bay used to start the auxiliary power unit. It is one of two Lithium ion batteries aboard each craft, the second serving as flight system backup and powering pilot displays. Each battery is about double the size of a typical car battery.
The problems stem from the use of Lithium ion batteries, a battery chemistry first for aircraft. Lithium ion batteries have a high energy density and charge more quickly than other battery technologies, but that performance comes at a price. The batteries tend to be very sensitive to operating conditions and easily overheat or short out when overcharged or exposed to temperatures higher or lower than their design capabilities. This can result in fires and production of irritating and corrosive gas from the batteries' electrolyte fluid.
Basic operational concept of a Lithium ion battery (Credits: Argonne National Laboratory).
Other industries went through growing pains with Lithium ion battery fires as well, with well publicized incidents with laptops and automobiles. Boeing was aware of the sensitivities of the technology from the beginning of its work on Dreamliner, and clearly thought they had built in sufficient precautions. The FAA's initial flight approval of the plane specified Boeing's responsibility for ensuring battery safety.
Boeing is standing by their plane, at they should; recent history has shown that Lithium ion batteries can be made to perform safely. "We are confident the 787 is safe and we stand behind its overall integrity," said Boeing Chairman, President, and CEO Jim McNerney in a statement following the global grounding of their plane. Now the question is, how quickly can they address the problem and what implications might it have for Lithium ion use in other applications.
One of those applications that has been highlighted by the Dreamliner issue is the use of Lithium ion batteries in space, and particularly aboard the International Space Station. Boeing's battery supplier, GS Yuasa Lithium Power, Inc. (GYLP), specializes in large format Lithium ion batteries for aerospace, defense, and commercial operations. In November 2012, GYLP was awarded a contract to provide such batteries for use in the ISS Electrical Power System as an upgrade to existing Nickel Hydrogen batteries.
There are already Lithium ion batteries aboard ISS, such as those powering the station's laptops. Some of those batteries are off the shelf variants, but, says Jeevarajan, "we stringently test all the batteries, especially the Lithium ion batteries." Guidelines for use of Lithium ion batteries in space were issued by NASA in 2008. The technology is commonly used in satellites for its superior performance efficiency and longevity.


The Tech 10 has set the standard for Motocross boot performance and protection for well over a decade and the completely redesigned Tech 10 boot raises the performance envelope even further. Perfection through innovation; while maintaining the iconic Tech 10 look, the new boot represents an entirely new approach - improving its ability to give a rider the ultimate in feel, comfort and safety.
The Tech 10's re-design has been guided by three priorities as the Alpinestars technical footwear development team looked to improve overall functionality, performance and safety, decrease weight and reduce material volume. Maximizing these priorities is the key achievement of the new Tech 10 and the result is an all new boot with a greater range of movement and flexibility while offering better control over the flexion and torsion forces that significantly improve boot performance, giving the rider greater confidence and protection.
The most significant upgrades to the Tech 10 performance are unique technologies: The Frontal Flexion Control Frame, the Asymmetrical Dual-pivot Arms, the patented Dynamic Heel Compression Protection Shock Absorber which is integrated into a redesigned foot shell and the slimmer, more streamlined, outsole.


Details: We will be paddling Turtle Creek from O'Riley Rd. to County Hwy J. This section is senic, and is appropiate for anyone, regardless of skill level.
Initial sign-up must be done through this page, but until the PSC website is fully functional, all updates will be done by personal e-mail from one of the trip leaders.
I ask that all paddlers sign up. Please do not invite a guest without signing him or her up through the website.


text:
meghan markle brandi glanville Beau Clark nene leakes taylor swift jim edmonds kenya moore kandi burruss t.i. Erica Mena DJ khaled prince harry Papoose future 50 cent Christina Milian Joycelyn Savage la la anthony joseline hernandez briana dejesus Dennis McKinley kylie jenner angelina jolie
Win A Trip To Hang With Ian Somerhalder On The Set Of New Netflix Series 'V-Wars'
Charisse Van Horn Sep 16, 2018 12:24 PM PDT
Source: Ian Somerhalder/Omaze
Ian Somerhalder, America's favorite vampire that you love to hate, is coming back with a new Netflix series titled V-Wars. The show is currently in production and filming in Toronto, Ian Somerhalder is offering a lucky fan with a friend of their choosing the chance to hang out with him on the set. Somerhalder joins T.J. Scott (Orphan Black, Gotham) and Brad Turner (24, Homeland) as director of the series that is based on the IDW series by Jonathan Maberry.
Netflix ordered 10 episodes and Ian Somerhalder will play the lead character, Dr. Luther Swann. Adrian Holmes plays his best friend Michael Fayne. The two are involved in a cultural war after climate change results in glaciers melting and releasing a virus that turns people into murderous vampires, including Fayne.
Swann is in a race against time as he tries to find a way to save humanity from the vampire plague and its aftermath.
Those who enter the contest will have the chance to spend the day exploring the V-Wars set, enjoy lunch with Ian Somerhalder and take ample selfies with the star best known for his role as Damon Salvatore on the CW hit The Vampire Diaries. Somerhalder played the role for eight seasons.
You may find out more about Ian Somerhalder and your chance to win a day with him on set below.
Win a chance to visit Ian Somerhalder on the set of his upcoming Netflix series V Wars. @iansomerhalder @netflix #IanSomerhalder #Netflix #VWars
https://t.co/49NyVNEd8a
— Charisse Van Horn Writer (@CharisseVanHorn) September 16, 2018
As the grand prize winner can bring a friend along, the prize package is in high demand. Fans of Somerhalder's who grew to admire him on the Vampire Diaries have spread the word about this opportunity.
It's important to understand that Ian Somerhalder and his wife Nikki Reed are very charitable celebrities. Somerhalder launched the eponymous Ian Somerhalder Foundation that helps the planet, animals, and people in multiple ways. Part of entering this contest is by supporting the Ian Somerhalder Foundation with a donation.
You may find more information regarding entries and the ISFoundation at the official contest page. You may also learn how you can volunteer to help Ian Somerhalder help bring change to the world through the ISFoundation.
What do you think about Ian Somerhalder's upcoming series V-Wars? Are you going to enter for a chance to hang out with Ian Somerhalder on set?
Read more about ian somerhalder netflix V-Wars
Candace Cameron Bure Opens Up About Her New Life As An Empty Nester As She Releases New Children's Book
Jan 7, 2020 12:04 PM PST
Kevin James Comes To Netflix With NASCAR Series The Crew
Jan 2, 2020 4:03 PM PST
Charlie Heaton And Natalia Dyer Tease Exclusive Details About Season Three Of 'Stranger Things!'
Allyssia brown
I hope to hang with Ian and Nikki soon it's been my dream for like ever so I hope I get to it would make my day
Alicia Keys Reveals She Has A New Album On The Way - Announces First Tour In 7 Years
Angelina Jolie - Source Reveals How She Reacted To Brad Pitt Throwing Shade At Their Failed Relationship In His SAG Awards Acceptance Speech!
Aerosmith's Drummer Joey Kramer Says He's Being Frozen Out Of The Band

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CARDIAC HILL - A Pitt Panthers Blog: Buddy Morris On His Way Out?
Pitt strength and conditioning coach Buddy Morris is a strong candidate for a similar position with the Washington Redskins. He is expected to interview for the position Wednesday.
You always hear that he's one of the best in the business. If he really wants back in the NFL, and who wouldn't, then I wish him the best of luck even though it would likely hurt Pitt at least a little.


This is a placeholder page for Darla Rogers, which means this person is not currently on this site. We do suggest using the tools below to find Darla Rogers.
You are visiting the placeholder page for Darla Rogers. This page is here because someone used our placeholder utility to look for Darla Rogers. We created this page automatically in hopes Darla Rogers would find it. If you are not Darla Rogers, but are an alumni of Nixon Smiley High School, register on this site for free now.


Over two decades ago, Guy Devaux came to the U.S. from the Champagne region of France, charged with finding the ideal climates and soils to produce great sparkling wine in the Methode Champenoise tradition. After four years of intense study, Guy chose the ideal conditions of Napa Valley for the home of these great new wines: Mumm Napa. Mumm Napa draws from the rich heritage of Champagne Mumm while integrating a unique Napa Valley style to make internationally respected wines of excellent quality. Rob McNeill carries on the inspiration that began with Guy Devaux in making Mumm Napa wines, bringing the ripe character of Napa fruit to the forefront while maintaining the classic balance and structure necessary in an outstanding sparkling wine. These wines are led by the prestige cuvée DVX, named in honor of Guy Devaux and one of the most honored California sparkling wines each vintage.


What is ctr file? How to open ctr files?
The CTR file extension is associated with BrainVoyager QX and used for contrast files for predictor selection.
BrainVoyager QX contains everything you need for the advanced analysis and visualization of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and for EEG / MEG distributed source imaging.
and possible program actions that can be done with the file: like open ctr file, edit ctr file, convert ctr file, view ctr file, play ctr file etc. (if exist software for corresponding action in File-Extensions.org's database).
Click on the software link for more information about BrainVoyager QX. BrainVoyager QX uses ctr file type for its internal purposes and/or also by different way than common edit or open file actions (eg. to install/execute/support an application itself, to store application or user data, configure program etc.).


Kenley Collins was one of those designers on Project Runway who you loved to hate. Some of her designs were amazing yet her whiny personality and mean spirit did not gain a lot of fans. In the finale of Season 5 she was up against two other great designers, Leanne Marshall and Korto Momolu. Ultimately, not only did her fashions look like the work of other, better-known designers, but her line was less cohesive, less unusual and less innovative than either Korto's or Leanne's.
The judges seemed to agree on this, but naturally Kenley didn't. In that nasal whine that was as much a signature as her flocked retro fashions, Kenley declared the judges' assessment unfair.
Given all of the drama with Kenley, I had to use one of her dresses as an inspiration for a painting. i love the colors and the "stripe" of print that flows down the front of the dress. Hence, her is my finished painting!
Loving your painting theme! So fun!!


text:
Home » NICE, CITY OF DOLLS
Like many towns and cities stretched along the Mediterranean, Nice, the most populous town of the French Riviera, has a long and colourful history. Invaded and overrun on numerous occasions, 'Nikaia' was colonised by the Greeks in 600 BC and then conquered by Augustus for the Romans in 1 AD. Marauding barbarians sacked the city which was only rebuilt in the 14th Century when Nice was put under the protectorate of the Comte de Savoie. The medieval city, rich in baroque treasures, survived attacks by the revolutionary armies and is still intact today. Tourists from Northern Europe arrived as early as the 18th Century, firstly the English aristocracy, followed by wealthy Americans and more recently these have been joined by Germans, Dutch, Scandinavians, Italians, with the most recent arrivals being Arabs and Russians. These not only invaded the beaches and filled the hotels and restaurants, but also colonised the surrounding countryside where olive groves have given way to villas and high-rise apartment blocks.
Of course, Nice today has now developed into a vibrant modern city which hugs the coastline of the Mediterranean and stretches inland far back into the foothills of the Alps. A natural gateway between Italy and France, Nice only became part of France in 1860. Many family names are still boldly Italian and the local patois distinctly Italianate. The climate is temperate enough to encourage an abundance of subtropical plant life; wisteria, bougainvillea, mimosa and the ubiquitous palms and eucalyptus. It is a town I visit several times a year and while the speed and recklessness of its drivers can be terrifying, and the smells of the ancient alleyways of the old town, 'le Vieux Nice', are alarming, the beauty of the Baie des Anges, fringed by the bustling Promenade des Anglais and the general sense of well-being make the city an interesting and attractive one.
However, something new is happening in Nice; dolls are taking over. Of course, there have always been dolls of a kind in the annual Carnival Parade. One of the oldest Carnivals in Europe (its origins go back to the 13th Century) the Carnival of Nice, generously supported and promoted by the City, competes with other traditional Carnivals such as those in Venice and Cologne, parading elaborate Carnival floats laden with leering, bloated figures whose doll-like significance has been lost in the mists of their history. However, the real dolls in Nice today are more attractive and more varied in their forms.
The whole area around the old port is alive with antique shops and here one can find genuine and perfectly preserved antique dolls, some over a hundred years old. The best shop seems to BERGASCO in the rue Emmanuel Philibert, where the patronne is a keen doll collector. She tells me she keeps the best ones at home and cannot part with them but she allowed me to photograph those on show in the shop. I must add now that I am not a doll connoisseur and my knowledge is very limited but the delicate porcelain heads and fully movable joints look genuine indeed. The prices vary from around 700 to 1,500 Euros and are, I suppose, for true collectors. Apparently there is a growing demand, and with it an increasing supply of these lovely dolls which have been enjoyed by generations of Nicois. For any doll-lovers visiting Nice, I believe the best supplier to be a Russian woman, Ann, with a stand at the weekly antique and brocante market on the Cours Saleya in Nice.
But it is in the maze of the medieval Vieux Nice' where a true doll invasion is taking over. In these narrow alleyways where the shop buntings overlap from one side to the other, the scent of fresh roses and mimosa compete with heady smells from barrels of ginger and cinnamon, saffron and tumeric. The morning fish market is full of glistening multi-coloured Mediterranean fish and the myriad of tiny stores sport stacks of clothing, carpets, pottery, herbs and materials. And the dolls are there. Cute chubby girl dolls dangle from the ceiling of the butchers, glamorous Cote d'Azur girlie-dolls peep out from the shelves in the dress shops, and baby dolls tumble out of baskets in the sweet shops. Ghoulish witch dolls appear at Halloween and innumerable folklore dolls in traditional costumes tempt the tourist at every comer. Some shops are so packed with decorative dolls, cascading from the ceilings and fighting for place in the cramped shop windows that it is difficult to know just what the shops sell. However, the most recent arrivals are a series of over-sized doll-like figures which were set up on the newly restored pedestrian area of the Promenade des Anglais. This famous five- kilometre long road and footpath was first built by the English who settled in Nice in the mid 18th Century and is now a bustling route from the busy airport to the town centre. The dolls immediatel;y became a photo opportunity for tourists and a tempting challenge for children to climb on and clamber around. The 'dolls' have now been moved to a new site around the Museum of Contemporary Art but a chubby blackamoor has found his natural home at the entrance of the palatial Negresco Hotel, the Nice stop-over for stars and millionaires- his boldly contemporary design causing a culture shock besides the delicate wedding-cake look of the Negresco, all candy pink and white.
I was back in Nice again this autumn and happened to see the forthcoming programme for the resident ballet company at the Opera House. Guess what they're performing? 'Coppelia' – the story of a doll which comes to life !
Christina Gallea Roy 2003


Look for news from around the world in this section. Every continent and country is covered as well as states, provinces, and territories. When a region has a very important city, such as Las Vegas, you'll find a city listing here too. No matter where in the world the major international casino news is happening you'll find it in this section.
From Macau to Tokyo and Las Vegas to Atlantic City, the big headlines are here. You shouldn't have to drill down through a database to find the information you are looking for, so please try the Search box for all articles related to the area, subject, or property you are looking for. World Casino News is such a broad category that you will almost always find the articles here in other categories as well.


In 1909, the Sidney Brick and Tile Company began operations, erecting a brickworks two years later at a site near Sidney in the Rural Municipality of North Norfolk. It supplied red-coloured brick for the construction of numerous buildings throughout Manitoba, and other places in Canada and the United States.
After bricks were pressed into shape, they were loaded onto four-wheel trolleys and rolled along a narrow-gauge railway into a network of 7 or 8 underground tunnels, each about 50 meters in length. A large fan powered by a single-cylinder, coal-fired steam engine produced warm air that was blown through ductwork into the tunnels to assist in drying the moist bricks. When they were dry, the bricks were moved into one of five kilns where they were fired at high temperature to full hardness.
A shortage of labour as a result of the First World War led to closure of the facility in the early 1920s. Instead, clay quarried at the site was shipped to Winnipeg to be made into bricks there. In early 1942, bricks from the former kilns were salvaged by staff from the Carberry Air Force Base for use in building a swimming pool. The property was owned by Alsip's Building Products until 1985 when it was sold as farmland to a local resident. A large depression over much of the site identifies the location of clay excavation. The foundations of several buildings are still visible, as are the remnants of the kilns, water wells, and a loading ramp to a now-removed railway siding on the adjacent Canadian Pacific Railway main line.
This site is on private property and trespassers are at risk from unmarked holes and other concealed obstacles. No visits are permitted.
Carberry Plains: Century One, 1882-1982 by Carberry History Committee, 1982, Manitoba Legislative Library, F5648.C36 Car, page 187.
We thank David Thiessen, Neil Christoffersen, and Fred Lintott for providing additional information used here.


Migraines are mean and get in the way of posting cookie recipes–especially when 12 hours of your headache is divided with 6 hours in bed or worshiping the sparkling white toilet bowl, and 6 hours with the headache in the ER hoping your head doesn't explode all over the inside of your little curtained cubicle the way that exploding whale on the internet does, but secretly hoping you head just might KA-BOOM like the whale because exploding might just make the headache stop.
Lots of drugs and a few saline drips later, I went home and FINALLY had a cup of coffee, which made me feel better than anything drug related. Plus, it didn't have to go into the damn canula sticking outta my arm. OK, so I'd totally mainline coffee, if it weren't for the canula. OWIE. Bruise-y.
Cookies. Yeah, so cookies. I owed you cookies. Right.
I'd so eat these Archway cookies if I could get my hands on them. I have a soft spot for Archway cookies. Especially the Molasses ones and the Frosty Lemon.
I'd also chow down on the Holiday cookie range, like the Chewy gingerbread Men as well as the Bells and Stars. OMNOMNOM NOM Store bought Holiday goodness!
I'd serve these with a special reserve Jamacia Blue Mountain to cut through the extra sugariness of the cookie.


text:
Trump taps Exxon CEO Tillerson as top U.S. diplomat
WASHINGTON -- President-elect Donald Trump announced Exxon Mobil Corp Chief Executive Officer Rex Tillerson as his choice for secretary of state on Tuesday, Dec. 13, praising him as a successful international dealmaker who leads a global operatio...
President-elect Donald Trump named ExxonMobil Chairman and CEO Rex Tillerson as his nominee Tuesday, Dec. 13, 2016, for Secretary of State. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier/File Photo
By Steve Holland / Reuters
WASHINGTON - President-elect Donald Trump announced Exxon Mobil Corp Chief Executive Officer Rex Tillerson as his choice for secretary of state on Tuesday, Dec. 13, praising him as a successful international dealmaker who leads a global operation.
Tillerson's experience in diplomacy stems from making deals with foreign countries for Exxon, the world's largest energy company, although questions have been raised about his relations with Russia.
"He will be a forceful and clear-eyed advocate for America's vital national interests and help reverse years of misguided foreign policies and actions that have weakened America's security and standing in the world," Trump said in a statement.
Tillerson has been chief executive of Exxon Mobil since 2006 and, like Trump, has never held public office. He said he shared the president-elect's "vision for restoring the credibility of the United States' foreign relations and advancing our country's national security."
Trump picked Tillerson, 64, after the Texan was backed by several Republican establishment figures, including former Secretary of State James Baker, former Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice and former Defense Secretary Robert Gates, a senior transition official said.
Rice and Gates, who have worked for Exxon as consultants, both issued statements of support on Tuesday.
Their support is seen as crucial to helping Tillerson get past a possibly contentious Senate confirmation battle likely to focus on his relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin.
Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Corker, who also was under consideration for the secretary of state job, said in a statement that he would hold a nomination hearing in early January. He called Tillerson "a very impressive individual" with "an extraordinary working knowledge of the world."
Russian ties
Lawmakers from both major parties raised concerns about the oilman's relationship with Moscow. Republican U.S. Sen. Marco Rubio, in a statement, said he had "serious concerns" about Tillerson's nomination.
In 2013, Putin bestowed a Russian state honor, the Order of Friendship, on Tillerson, citing his work "strengthening cooperation in the energy sector."
"Mr. Tillerson's cozy ties to Vladimir Putin and Russia would represent an untenable conflict at the State Department," Rep. Eliot Engel, the ranking Democrat on the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, said in a statement.
Trump is confident that Tillerson can get past questions about his ties to Russia, the transition official said.
"His relationships with leaders all over the world are second to none," Trump's statement said.
There also are concerns among lawmakers about former U.N. Ambassador John Bolton, who has been mentioned as a possible No. 2 State Department official and who has voiced hawkish views on Iraq and Iran.
Republicans and Democrats said they would ask Tillerson, who has met Putin several times, about his contacts with Russia. He won fresh praise from Moscow on Monday.
Sen. John McCain, a leading foreign policy voice and the 2008 Republican candidate for president, told Reuters: "I have concerns. It's very well-known that he has a very close relationship with Vladimir Putin."
There has been controversy over the role alleged Russian cyber hacking may have had on the outcome of the Nov. 8 presidential election, in which Trump defeated Democrat Hillary Clinton.
The business community welcomed Trump's choice of Tillerson.
"We are pleased that Rex will bring a business perspective to the State Department," the National Association of Manufacturers said.
While busily filling out his Cabinet, Trump is seeking to answer questions about how he will separate himself from his far-flung business empire before taking office on Jan. 20.
He had planned a news conference on Thursday to lay out the details but delayed it until Tuesday due to what aides said was the crush of picking people to serve in his administration.
In a series of late-night tweets on Monday, Trump said he would be leaving his business before his Jan. 20 inauguration so he can focus full-time on the presidency and that he would leave his two sons, Donald Trump Jr. and Eric Trump, to manage it.
He did not mention his daughter Ivanka, who has been a central player in his business affairs, as well as his campaign, and who is said to be considering a move to Washington to help her father.
"No new deals will be done during my term(s) in office," Trump said.
He said he would hold a news conference "in the near future to discuss the business, Cabinet picks and all other topics of interest. Busy times!"
Reince Priebus, the Republican National Committee chairman who will serve as Trump's chief of staff come January, said in several television interviews on Tuesday that efforts were underway to sort out Trump's complicated businesses.
"It takes a lot of time," he told MSNBC. "We know this is something that we've got to deal with."
Meanwhile, Trump has continued to build his administration.
A source close to the transition said Trump had chosen former Texas Gov. Rick Perry as his nominee for energy secretary, with an announcement expected soon. Perry met Trump on Monday at Trump Tower in New York.
In choosing Tillerson, Trump passed over 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, who had famously criticized the president-elect during the campaign this year.
"It was an honor to have been considered for secretary of state of our great country," Romney said in a Facebook posting on Monday night.


John Whitaker From Huddersfield, WEST YORKS with Lord Z *(Mrs C Whitaker & Dr P Bauer), Lactic Two *(Mrs P Woodward) and Cartier PSG *(Mr P Schildhnechl).
Robert Whitaker From Huddersfield, WEST YORKS with Karina *(Ms E Hunt), Qualite *(Pro Horse International/Mrs C Whitaker) and Ravel *(Pro Horse International).
Ellen Whitaker From Barnsley, SOUTH YORKS with Kanselier *(Amara Whitaker Sport Horses/Mr S Whitaker) and Quinten II *(Amara Whitaker Sport Horses/Mr S Whitaker).
Veronique Whitaker Based in Brussels, BELGIUM with Eldorado *(Mr M Whitaker) and El Capricho Atormentado Z *(Mrs V Whitaker).


text:
July 3, 2020 July 4, 2020 Ogunsiku Babatunde
The Malogy Online Rapid Invitational: Quarterfinalists Emerge
The Malogy Online Rapid Invitational (MORI) has become a trending event in the hearts of people on the African continent. With some of the very best players in Nigeria showing their chess prowess live and direct.
The maiden edition of "MORI" has been a revelation for African chess, and a resounding success this far. It just goes to show that Africa will only get better and better if we are able to showcase the talents we already have.
Final list after the 12 player round robin qualifier event| Image Credit: Malogychess
Without a doubt, Nigeria leads the way in the race to bring online spectators exciting chess duels, as Malogychess brought the rapid invitational to Nigerians, Africans, and the world at large.
FM Kigigha Bomo shadowing the IM Adu Oladapo's game at C4 2019| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
A key aspect of this tournament was the withdrawal of the much fancied IM Adu Oladapo who had to decline participation due to the much publicised personal issues he is having to deal with, and FM Kigigha Bomo has proven to be a very capable replacement.
Twelve (12) players have battled it out within the last four (4) days. Pushing to qualify for the quarterfinals of the event and stand a chance for glory at the end of the tournament.
FM Adebayo Adegboyega in action| Image Credit: http://nigerianchessplayers.blogspot.com/2006/05/adegboyega-adebayo-playing-on-board-1.html?m=1
It has been a very interesting event, as FM Adebayo Adegboyega (Dabee) continued to show the reason why he has been called "Dabeast" by some young fans who follow his games online. The veteran started with a top-class finish against the young IM Anwuli Daniel in the game below, as he showed precision in most of his games to finish atop the standings of the Malogychess sponsored event, with a 7W-4D-0L report card
The young IM Anwuli Daniel, however, dusted himself from the round one loss to the veteran and racked up a series of wins and draws, with just a second loss to veteran IM Aikhoje Odion in the 9th round and finishing with two (2) solid victories in the last rounds to secure his second-place finish and qualification into the final eight (8) of the Malogychess sponsored event, with a 7W-2D-2L report card.
IM Anwuli Daniel in thoughts| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
IM Aikhoje Odion (Odirovski) was definitely one of the favorites to qualify into the next stage of the invitational. While still toasting his appointment as the Players Representative for the Africa Chess Confederation, he definitelyshowed chess prowess at the event.
IM Aikhoje Odion shading his moves| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
Stumbling to losses against the solid FM Kigigha Bomo, the young FM Abimbola Osunfuyi and the co-veteran FM Adebayo Adegboyega, he was able to pick up vital wins and draws to aid his 3rd place finish after the round-robin, which qualifies him for the quarterfinals of the Malogychess sponsored event, with a 6W-2D-3L report card
In 4th place, is FM Akintoye Abdulrahman Abdulraheem, whose chess prowess has never been in doubt since his eventual emergence back in 2017 to take on the challenge of rising to the top of Nigerian chess.
FM Akintoye Abdulrahman Abrulraheem| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
Kicking off his campaign with a 2-0 drubbing of the "young gm" FM Osunfuyi Abimbola, he fell to the sword of IM Aikhoje Odion in the next round, which was one of only two losses that the well-loved "Triple-A" suffered in the entirety of the eleven (11) round-robin phase of the event, and finished with a 5W-4D-2L report card.
Securing 5th place with a point difference between himself and both 4th place finisher and the 6th place finisher, is FM Oragwu Chukwunonso (Nonsopolo), who is the 2019 African Amateur Individual Chess Champion, with a clean sweep of classical, rapid and blitz trophies.
FM Oragwu Chukwunonso| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
He was only one of three players to deliver a huge 2-0 defeat on FM Osunfuyi Abimbola, in his quest to finish in the top eight (8) at the end of the round-robin event.
FM Oragwu secured qualification into the quarterfinals with a 4-game winning streak during the final four (4) games of the round-robin, which was no mean feat, and ended the Malogychess sponsored event with a 5W-3D-3L report card.
FM Osunfuyi Abimbola the gentle assassin| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
FM Osunfuyi Abimbola (Abimbola_Osunfuyi) finished the round-robin in 6th place, and would have felt he should have gotten more. He would undoubtedly be looking forward to doing good damage to the chances of others in the quarterfinals, seeing how much loss he endured in this qualifying stage of the event.
One positive he would take into the knockout stage though, would be his win over IM Aikhoje Odion, who would also be looking out for the young lad. FM Osunfuyi ends the round robin phase of the event with a report card reading of 5W-2D-4L as he prepares for the quarterfinals.
Veteran International Master Olape Bunmi| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
In 7th place, is the veteran IM Olape Bunmi (IM Micfel), who had a mixed start to life at the invitational event, after starting with two (2) wins and two (2) losses in the first four (4) games of the tournament.
The chess coach for the star-studded Oyo Chess Team dusted himself and raked in two (2) more wins and three (3) draws to secure qualification into the quarterfinals, but not before enduring two (2) more losses. He ends the round-robin phase of the event with a 4W-3D-4L report card.
FM Kigigha Bomo in thoughts|Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
The final qualification spot was taken up by the solid FM Kigigha Bomo (self-acclaimed Grandmaster Bomo), who came in for the distraught IM Adu Oladapo (still in Cote D'Ivoire).
The longest-reigning, highest-rated chess player in Nigeria for this decade, came into the fold and showed that he still has the juice that made him the top dog for so long.
FM Kigigha Bomo in action| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
Starting like a house on fire, with two (2) wins and two (2) draws in his first four (4) games, defeating the veteran IM Aikhoje Odion (round 3) and securing a hard-fought draw against the top-dog on the standings, FM Adebayo Adegboyega (round 4) in succession.
He then lost steam and could only muster one (1) more win against IM (elect) Ajibola Olanrewaju (a warning shot that he is coming back for his prized top spot on the Nigerian rating list), and three (3) draws, as he stared down the barrel of four (4) losses.
FM Kigigha Bomo on a mission| Image Credit: Ogunsiku Babatunde
His report card at the end of the round robin section of the Malogychess sponsored event therefore reads 3W-5D-4L.
The quarterfinals will be a very interesting battle for fans and followers of the Malogy Online Rapid Invitational, as well as the players themselves. See pairings below:
The Quarterfinal Pairings are out| Image Credit: Malogychess
What strategy will the players employ now that they will be facing each other once again? Will they use the same openings or tweak it, will they change their lines totally, will they come out with a pet line, or will they go out guns blazing?
These are some of the questions that would be answered when the quarterfinals kick off at noontime today, 3rd of July, 2020.
Do not be told about it….Ensure You are there to witness the battle live!
Previous The Malogy Online Rapid Invitational: Player Spotlight
Next The Malogy Online Rapid Invitational: Into The Semis


This should provide you with the direction you need to determine how to invest your inheritance, either for short-term gain or long-term benefit.
If you inherit a significant amount, you will need to review your estate plan to see what strategies can be put into place to protect your increased assets. If you inherit a valuable collection of art or jewelry, you'll need to look into ways to protect that, too.
If your inheritance is significant enough to allow you to pay off debt –especially credit card debt or loans with high rates – be sure to consider paying it off. You can evaluate whether or not this is a good idea by estimating what you currently pay in interest and then determine if investing your windfall will provide a better return.
If you do not have at least six months' worth of living expenses in an emergency fund, it's a good idea to park some inheritance money there.
Take the time to consider the best use of your inheritance before you may any major moves. Inheritances are separate marital property, so if you are headed for divorce, it may be more prudent to just put the cash in an interest-bearing account until the dust settles.
A financial planner and an estate planner are good choices to help you navigate your new wealth.
Put a small amount by for a special treat but don't go overboard.
Pierchoski Estate Law can further advise you of all your options as part of a comprehensive estate plan. If you would like to have a talk about estate planning for your family, call our office today to schedule a time for us to talk. Call for your appointment at 931.363.7222.


text:
Q: Extract Date from excel and append it in a list using python I have an column in excel which has dates in the format ''17-12-2015 19:35". How can I extract the first 2 digits as integers and append it to a list? In this case I need to extract 17 and append it to a list. Can it be done using pandas also?
Code thus far:
import pandas as pd
Location = r'F:\Analytics Materials\files\paymenttransactions.csv'
df = pd.read_csv(Location)
time = df['Creation Date'].tolist()
print (time)

A: You could extract the day of each timestamp like
from datetime import datetime
import pandas as pd

location = r'F:\Analytics Materials\files\paymenttransactions.csv'
df = pd.read_csv(location)

timestamps = df['Creation Date'].tolist()
dates = [datetime.strptime(timestamp, '%d-%m-%Y %H:%M') for timestamp in timestamps]
days = [date.strftime('%d') for date in dates]

print(days)

The '%d-%m-%Y %H:%M'and '%d' bits are format specififers, that describe how your timestamp is formatted. See e.g. here for a complete list of directives.
datetime.strptime parses a string into a datetimeobject using such a specifier. dateswill thus hold a list of datetime instances instead of strings.
datetime.strftime does the opposite: It turns a datetime object into string, again using a format specifier. %d simply instructs strftime to only output the day of a date.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Time Capsule Sealed in Space Shuttle Exhibit
By Robert Z. Pearlman
At the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, a space shuttle program time capsule has been installed in a vault within the Space Shuttle Atlantis exhibit. (Image credit: NASA/Jim Grossmann)
NASA's Florida visitor center has dedicated a time capsule filled with memorabilia related to the 30-year space shuttle program. Not to be opened until 2061 — 50 years after the last shuttle mission — the time capsule was sealed in the wall of the building that displays the spacecraft that completed that historic final flight.
A public ceremony to dedicate the time capsule was held Monday (Sept. 9) in the "Space Shuttle Atlantis" exhibit at the NASA's Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. The five-story-tall facility displays the retired orbiter and more than 60 related artifacts and simulators designed to inspire a new generation of space program workers.
The $100 million exhibit opened to the public in June. [See Photos of the New Space Shuttle Atlantis Exhibit]
A metal plaque featuring a silhouette of an orbiter and the date 2061 marks where the time capsule is installed. "A time capsule created by the space shuttle team honoring the 30-year space shuttle program is sealed behind this wall. It will be unveiled on July 21, 2061, to honor the 50th anniversary of the space shuttle program's final mission [STS-135]."
The contents of the time capsule were chosen to explain to those who open it in 2061 the significance of the shuttle program through the perspective of what it meant to work at the Kennedy Space Center during the time the orbiters flew.
The first space shuttle, Columbia, lifted off April 12, 1981. The last, Atlantis, landed July 21, 2011. In between those milestones, 133 missions retrieved, repaired and deployed satellites, launched probes to other planets, serviced the Hubble Space Telescope and built the International Space Station.
Among the memorabilia inside the time capsule are:
a space shuttle heat shield tile
a retrieval pin from the solid rocket boosters
a shuttle worker's white overalls and hard hat
rocks collected from the crawlerway atop which the shuttle was transported to the launch pad
A "Mission Accomplished" toy bear that was made commemorating the final shuttle mission, STS-135 (Atlantis). A bear was created for each of the space shuttle mission.
Mission patches for all 135 space shuttle missions
A Kennedy Space Center director's challenge coin
Other items that were placed inside the capsule included an employee's ID lanyard; the center's annual report from 2010; photos of the Launch Complex 39 area, from where the shuttle was processed and launched, as it appeared in 1981 and 2011; and NASA pamphlets describing Kennedy as "America's Spaceport."
Kennedy Space Center director Bob Cabana, who flew on four space shuttle missions, said the time capsule was as much about the future as it was the past.
"As important as our past was, our future is what it's all about," Cabana remarked during the dedication ceremony, as reported by Florida Today. "Just imagine where we're going to be 50 years from now?"
Based on its current plans, NASA hopes by 2061 to have launched astronauts to explore an asteroid and to have crews orbiting Mars, if not also by then on their way to the surface of the red planet. If schedules hold, the opening of the capsule will also come more than four decades after the first commercially-built spacecraft delivers astronauts to the International Space Station.
In August 2011 at a "We Made History" celebration held at the Kennedy Space Center, 426 young "Space Exploration Ambassadors" were nominated to be at the time capsule's opening 50 years later. Patrick Sullivan, who was chosen as one of the ambassadors, attended Monday's dedication ceremony to speak about the history of the space shuttle program and the future of space exploration.
Follow collectSPACE.com on Facebook and on Twitter at @collectSPACE. Copyright 2013 collectSPACE.com. All rights reserved.
Follow SPACE.com @Spacedotcom, Facebook and Google+. Original article on SPACE.com.
Robert Z. Pearlman
collectSPACE.com Editor, Space.com Contributor
Robert Pearlman is a space historian, journalist and the founder and editor of collectSPACE.com, an online publication and community devoted to space history with a particular focus on how and where space exploration intersects with pop culture. Pearlman is also a contributing writer for Space.com and co-author of "Space Stations: The Art, Science, and Reality of Working in Space" published by Smithsonian Books in 2018. He previously developed online content for the National Space Society and Apollo 11 moonwalker Buzz Aldrin, helped establish the space tourism company Space Adventures and currently serves on the History Committee of the American Astronautical Society, the advisory committee for The Mars Generation and leadership board of For All Moonkind. In 2009, he was inducted into the U.S. Space Camp Hall of Fame in Huntsville, Alabama. In 2021, he was honored by the American Astronautical Society with the Ordway Award for Sustained Excellence in Spaceflight History.
Pictures from space! Our image of the day
No, the Big Bang theory is not 'broken.' Here's how we know.
The Comet Interceptor probe could visit a stunning object like the green C/2022 E3 (ZTF)
Watch the moon eclipse Mars tonight


We are happy to announce that we will share the stand with our sister companies CSA (providing software for warehouse and container terminals) as well as DBIS (providing software for bulk and break bulk terminals).
Our common goal: Simplifying your operation!
VISIT MAASVLAKTE II IN VIRTUAL REALITY ON OUR STAND! Want to visit the Second Maasvlakte in Rotterdam, where TBA delivers their state-of-the-art TEAMS software for equipment control in two of the newest automated terminals? In TBA's virtual reality terminals you can drive and walk around the terminal wearing the Oculus Rift on our stand for a fully immersive experience! Read more here on our VR serious games.


text:
Home > Brighton House Prices > Tangmere Road
Sold House Prices in Tangmere Road
This page displays sold house prices for Tangmere Road in Brighton.
Businesses on Tangmere Road
Tangmere Road in Brighton BN1 consists predominantly of terraced houses. Properties on Tangmere Road typically have values around £200,000 - £300,000, with larger terraced houses and townhouses valued at around £300,000.
1 Tangmere Road, Brighton BN1 8TJ
£84,500 Terraced house, Freehold 7th July 2000
£58,500 Terraced house, Freehold 18th September 1998
£75,000 Terraced house, Freehold 21st October 1999
£65,000 Terraced house, Freehold 24th March 1998
£53,000 Terraced house, Freehold 19th February 1997
£169,500 Semi-detached house, Freehold 24th January 2006
£212,000 Terraced house, Freehold 6th March 2012
£115,000 Terraced house, Freehold 12th January 2004
£230,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 29th June 2012
10 Tangmere Road, Brighton BN1 8TJ
£92,500 Semi-detached house, Freehold 22nd June 2000
£118,368 Terraced house, Freehold 19th June 2015
£78,000 Terraced house, Freehold 22nd October 1999
£196,000 Terraced house, Freehold 9th July 2009
£214,000 Terraced house, Freehold 3rd August 2012
£68,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 5th February 1998
£70,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 20th April 2001
£80,500 Semi-detached house, Freehold 29th June 1999
£248,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 8th August 2007
£316,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 7th April 2015
£148,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 9th October 2002
£245,000 Flat, Freehold 26th October 2007
£115,000 Detached house, Freehold 1st February 2002
£172,500 Detached house, Freehold 21st January 2005
£270,000 Terraced house, Freehold 2nd September 2015
£192,000 Terraced house, Freehold 22nd April 2005
£46,000 Terraced house, Freehold 26th January 1996
£218,000 Terraced house, Freehold 9th October 2006
£215,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 23rd August 2010
£54,000 Terraced house, Freehold 8th November 1996
£125,500 Terraced house, Freehold 1st May 2002
£65,000 Terraced house, Freehold 1st May 1998
£220,000 Terraced house, Freehold 4th September 2009
£107,500 Terraced house, Freehold 28th February 2000
£71,500 Semi-detached house, Freehold 6th November 1998
£185,000 Semi-detached house, Freehold 2nd September 2005
Tangmere Road
Map showing Tangmere Road in Brighton.


text:
Osun guber: S/Court to hear Adeleke's appeal tomorrow
By John Chuks Azu | Published Date Jun 16, 2019 12:23 PM Jun 17, 2019 11:08 AM
Sen. Ademola Adeleke
The Supreme Court will tomorrow begin hearing in the appeal filed by Senator Ademola Adeleke of the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) challenging the declaration of Gboyega Oyetola of the All Progressives Congress (APC) as governor of Osun State.
The matter went to the Supreme Court after the Court of Appeal on May 9 upturned the verdict of the Osun State Election Petitions Tribunal which declared Senator Adeleke winner of the governorship election.
The appellate court held that the irregular composition of the lower tribunal, where the judge who delivered the majority judgment, Justice Peter Obiorah, was absent in the proceedings of the lower court, affected the right of the appellant to fair hearing.
The five member panel of justices, which was presided by Justice Jummai Sankey, also upheld 10 out of the 12 issues raised by Governor Adegboyega Oyetola of the APC that the lower tribunal lacked the jurisdiction to entertain some of the grounds of the petition brought by Adeleke over the September 22, 2018 governorship election.
It held that having ruled that the claims of over-voting and voiding of valid votes were unproven by the tribunal in the 17 polling units out 3,010 polling units in the state, the non-compliance was not substantial to proceed to compute and deduct votes.
Both Adeleke and the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) are asking the apex court to set aside the decision of the Court of Appeal in favour of Oyetola of the APC.
Adeleke also contended that the Court of Appeal erred in law when it upheld the appeals by APC and INEC, challenging the decision of the tribunal.
The PDP also contended that the appellate court erred when it dismissed its cross appeal, where it challenged the improper ballot counting which cost it 3, 402 and 379 votes in 23 polling units.
Adeleke and the PDP are therefore seeking a declaration that they won the election by a wider margin than what was found by the lower tribunal in view of what they called the substantial non compliance with the Electoral Act 2010 as amended.


text:
From Austerity to Prosperity: Why I Am Running for California Treasurer
January 25, 2014 12:00 am Published by Ellen Brown Leave your thoughts
Governor Jerry Brown and his staff are exchanging high-fives over balancing California's budget, but the people on whose backs it was balanced are not rejoicing. The state's high-wire act has been called "the ultimate in austerity budgets."
Welfare payments, health care for the poor, and benefits for the elderly and disabled have been slashed. State workers have been downsized. School districts in need of cash have been reduced to borrowing through "capital appreciation bonds" bearing 300% interest. In one notorious case, the Santa Ana school district actually borrowed at 1,000% interest. And the governor acknowledges that California still faces a "wall of debt"amounting to $28 billion. Some analysts put it much higher than that.
At the end of the 20th century, California was ranked the sixth largest economy in the world. By 2012, it had slipped to number twelve. It is coming back up, in part because European countries are falling further into recession; but California's poverty rate remains the highest in the country. More than eight million Californians struggle to meet their daily needs, and one in four children lives in poverty. Income inequality is higher in the nation's most populous state than in almost any other.
California cannot solve its budget problems by slashing services that have already been cut to the bone or raising sales taxes that hurt the poor far more than the rich. We are fighting over a pie that remains too small. The pie itself needs to be expanded – and it can be.
How? By reclaiming that portion that is now siphoned off in interest and bank fees. When tallied up at every stage of production, interest has been calculated to claim one-third of everything we buy.
How can that money be recaptured? By owning the bank.
The approach was pioneered in North Dakota, the only state to escape the 2008 banking crisis. North Dakota has the lowest unemployment rate in the country, the lowest foreclosure rate, the lowest default rate on credit card debt, and no state debt at all. It is also the only state to own its own bank.
In the fall of 2011, a bill for a feasibility study for a state-owned bank passed both houses of the California legislature. The Public Banking Institute, which I founded and chair, was instrumental in helping to get the bill as far as it got. But it died when Jerry Brown vetoed it. His rationale was that we already have a banking committee, and that the matter could be explored in-house. Needless to say, however, we have heard no more about it since.
I am therefore running for California State Treasurer on a state bank platform, along with Laura Wells, who is running for Controller. We are throwing our bonnets in the ring for the opportunity to show the Governor or his successor that a state-owned bank can be our ticket to returning California to the abundance it once enjoyed.
I was a recipient of that abundance myself. I got my undergraduate degree at UC Berkeley in the 1960s, when tuition was free; and my law degree at UCLA Law School in the 1970s, when tuition was $700 a year. Today it is $13,000 and $45,000 annually, respectively, for in-state students. In the 1960s, the governor of California was Jerry Brown's father Pat Brown, a New Deal visionary who believed that investment in education, infrastructure and local business was an investment in the future. Our goal is to revive that optimistic vision in 2014.
We are running on the endorsement of the Green Party – along with Luis Rodriguez for governor and David Curtis for secretary of state – because Green Party candidates take no corporate money. Candidates who take corporate money – and that means nearly all conventional candidates – are beholden to large corporate interests and cannot properly represent the interests of the disenfranchised 99%.
The North Dakota Model:
Banking that Supports Rather Than Exploits the Local Economy
California's revenues are currently parked in those very largest of corporations, Wall Street banks. These out-of-state banks use our giant asset pool for their own speculative purposes, and the funds are at risk of confiscation in the event of a "bail-in."
In North Dakota, by contrast, all of the state's revenues are deposited by law in the state-owned Bank of North Dakota (BND). The BND is set up as a DBA of the state ("North Dakota doing business as the Bank of North Dakota"), which means all of the state's capital is technically the bank's capital. The bank uses its copious capital and deposit pool to generate credit for local purposes.
The BND is a major money-maker for the state, returning a sizable dividend annually to the treasury. Every year since the 2008 banking crisis, it has reported a return on investment of between 17 percent and 26 percent. The BND also provides what is essentially interest-free credit for state projects, since the state owns the bank and gets the interest back. The BND partners with local banks rather than competing with them, strengthening their capital and deposit bases and allowing them to keep loans on their books rather than having to sell them off to investors. This practice allowed North Dakota to avoid the subprime crisis that destroyed the housing market in other states.
Consider the awesome potential for California, with its massive capital and deposit bases. California has over $200 billion stashed in a variety of funds identified in its 2012 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (CAFR), including $58 billion managed by the Treasurer in a Pooled Money Investment Account currently earning a meager 0.264% annually. It also has over $400 billion in its pension funds (CalPERS and CalSTRS).
California's population of 37 million is more than 50 times that of North Dakota. In 2010, the BND had about $4,500 in deposits and $4,200 in loans per capita. Multiplying 37 million by $4,200, a State Bank of California could, in theory, generate $155.4 billion in credit for the state; and this credit would effectively be interest-free, since the state would own the bank.
What could California do with $155 billion in interest-free credit? One possibility would be to refinance its ominous "wall of debt" at 0%. A debt that is interest-free can be rolled over indefinitely without cost to the taxpayers.
Another possibility would be to fund public projects interest-free. Eliminating interest has been shown to reduce the cost of public projects by 35% or more.
Take, for example, the San Francisco Bay Bridge earthquake retrofitting boondoggle, which was originally slated to cost about $6 billion. Interest and bank fees wound up adding another $6 billion to the overall cost to taxpayers. Funding through its own bank could have saved the state $6 billion or 50% on this project.
Then there is the state's bullet train fiasco, which has been beset with delays, cost overruns, and funding issues. As with the Bay Bridge, costs are projected to double as a result of compounding interest on long-term bonds, imposing huge hidden costs on the next generation of taxpayers. By funding the bullet train through a state-owned bank, its costs, too, could be reduced by 50%.
The Challenge of a "Jungle Primary"
As voters become increasingly disillusioned with big-corporate-money candidates, the third party option is gaining traction. According to a recent Gallup poll, in 2013 42% of Americans identified themselves as political independents, significantly outpacing Democrats at 31% and Republicans at 25%.
The growing threat posed by independent and third-party candidates may explain why it is getting harder and harder to run as one. In California we now have Proposition 14, the Top Two primary, sometimes called the "Louisiana primary" or "jungle primary." It might better be named the Incumbents' Benevolent Protection Act.
Proposition 14 requires statewide and congressional California candidates, regardless of party preference, to participate in a nonpartisan blanket primary, with only the top two candidates advancing to the general election. Incumbents and heavily-funded candidates have historically reaped the benefits of this arrangement. Third party candidates are liable to get knocked out in the first round in June, eliminating them from the November elections.
But the new system does have the advantage that anyone can vote for any candidate in the June primary; so if we can mobilize voters, we have a shot.
There is, however, another new hurdle imposed by Proposition 14. In place of the 150 signatures-in-lieu-of-filing-fee needed earlier, we now need 10,000 signatures – either that or $2,800. But we're hoping to turn that requirement, too, to advantage, by using it to build the people power and energy necessary to take the June 3, 2014 primary. If you would like to sign a petition or donate, click here.
There is another way to balance a state budget, one that leads to prosperity rather than austerity. California can stimulate its economy and the job market, restore low-cost higher education, build 21st-century infrastructure, preserve the environment, and relieve the state's debt burden, by establishing a bank that is owned by the people and returns its profits to the people.
This piece first appeared at Web of Debt.
Ellen Brown is an attorney, president of the Public Banking Institute, and author of twelve books including the bestselling Web of Debt. In The Public Bank Solution, her latest book, she explores successful public banking models historically and globally. Her 200+ credit blog articles are at EllenBrown.com. She is currently running for California State Treasurer on the Green Party ticket.
Tags: North America
Categorised in: Article
This post was written by Ellen Brown


Two Suzie Navin free throws give Torrington a 34-32 win over Derby on Senior Night.
TORRNGTON: Turns out things you do in practice can help you come through in the clutch, if you put yourself in position to allow something good to happen.
Sophomore Suzie Navin sank both ends of a one and one opportunity with :15 seconds left to play as the hometown Raiders beat the visiting Derby Raiders by a 34-32 final for their second win of the year on Senior Night.
There have not been many close games for Torrington this year, their closest contest in a loss was by three (39-36 to Woodland) so this was new territory for Navin and her teammates who held on through the last Derby possession and were able to celebrate a hard-fought win.
Seniors Alicia Caskey, Alessandra Chiravolo and Alyssa Maraia went out on a high note, with Maraia tying her season high with 21-points, a total that included four 3-pointers.
In fact, Maraia and sophomore Kate Mooney (10 points), scored 31 of the home teams 34 points but none were more important than the pair of free throws Navin hit for her only two points of the night.
It was Mooney who blew by her defender with 1:55 left to tie things at 32 after a see-saw fourth quarter that began with Torrington trailing 26-22.
Maraia though, drilled a pair of long balls to put her team up 28-26 with 6:30 left.
The Torrington defense held Derby to just two baskets in the final frame and did not allow a point over the last two plus minutes of action.
Navin was fouled after grabbing a defensive rebound and made the long walk to the free throw line after a Torrington time out.
On the bench, Maraia reminded her of those practice freebies that come with a cost if you miss them.
Navin found nothing but net on the first one for the 33-32 lead and then calmly drained the next.
This has been a trying year for the Torrington girls, but a level of fight was always present, even if the won loss record (2-18) might not reflect it.
Truth is, the Torrington program, like so many in the state, needs more girls to come out and play.
The eighth-grade class at the Torrington Middle School is said to be talented so help may be just a season away.
After being up 15-13 at the half, Torrington fell behind after a strong 13-7 third quarter by the visitors. Maraia and Mooney had all their teams points in that frame before Derby ended the quarter on a 4-0 run.
A stiff defense and some key plays down the stretch in the fourth helped Torrington go into next season on a winning note.


text:
Q: Bloqueio(reserva) de uma linha auto incremento no mysql Desenvolvi um importador de dados CSV para a minha base mysql.
O Recurso está funcionando corretamente, porém acredito que deve ter uma forma melhor de implementar a seguinte lógica.
No arquivo CSV dependendo ou não pode ser que ocorra 2 inserts(mestre-detalhe) e a unica forma que tenho no momento de controla-los é através de sua PK auto-incremento.
O que eu faço - Realizo um insert, se existir tal informação do detalhe, eu recupero o ultimo insert (select max(id) table, ou com a função LAST_INSERT_ID() e salva na minha tbl de detalhe a informação recuperada.
Como o meu serviço é online, e outras pessoas podem realizar o mesmo procedimento de importação, pode ser que ocorra o evento do insert no mesmo time e minha operação deixa de ser confiável.
Uma forma que pensei, e estou pesquisando é, como o mysql já sabe qual o próximo índice, eu de alguma forma reservar e bloquear este índice e fazer o meu procedimento, caso ocorra algo comitantemente ele prossiga com a próxima linha.
Alguém já trabalhou com este problema?


Hertford College, Oxford, has transformed its iconic dining hall to mark the 40th anniversary of full coeducation.
For the next 12 months the hall's longstanding portrait gallery of all-male luminaries (including William Tyndale and John Donne) will be replaced by a photographic collection of female fellows and alumni. The new portraits feature women from all professions and walks of life, ranging from the philosopher Baroness Warnock to world champion rower Stephanie Cullen, Professor of Anatomy Kay Davies DBE and curator Xanthe Brooke.
Hertford is one of five Oxford colleges that went fully coeducational (both teaching and housing female students in college) in 1974 – the first at the University to do so. Dr Emma Smith, Fellow and Lecturer in English, coordinated the year-long project. She says: "Marking the coeducation anniversary gave us the opportunity to make a big statement not only about the importance of women to Hertford's successes since 1974, but about the range of careers and lives our students – both women and men – go into.
The gallery unveiled on 20 September includes women from every decade of co-education. Some were nominated by colleagues or peers, others chosen because their personal stories drew on their experience of the college itself in different ways.


text:
\section{Introduction}
 Neutrino flavor oscillations provide
  information of the fundamental  property of neutrinos  such as  masses,
flavor mixings and  $CP$ violating phase.
  In these years, there is growing  experimental evidences of the neutrino
oscillations.
  The exciting one is the atmospheric neutrino deficit \cite{Atm1}$\sim$\cite{Atm3}
    as well as the solar neutrino deficit \cite{solar}.
	   Super-Kamiokande \cite{SKam} also presented the large
neutrino flavor oscillation in  atmospheric neutrinos.
 Furthermore,	a  new stage is represented by the long baseline(LBL) neutrino oscillation experiments \cite{long}.
   The first LBL  reactor experiment CHOOZ has already
reported a  bound  of the neutrino oscillation \cite{CHOOZ},
    which gives a strong constraint of the flavor mixing pattern.
 The LBL accelerator  experiment K2K \cite{K2K} is planned to begin taking data
 in the next year,  whereas the MINOS \cite{MINOS} and ICARUS \cite{ICARUS}
  experiments will start in the first year of the next century.
  Those LBL experiments will clarify  masses,
  flavor mixings and $CP$ violation of neutrinos.

  Some authors \cite{CP1} have already discussed  possibilities of observing $CP$ violation
   in the LBL experiments by measuring
    the differences of the transition probabilities between $CP$-conjugate
    channels\cite{CP2},  which originates from the phase of the neutrino mixing matrix,
	 such as $\nu_\mu \rightarrow\nu_\tau$ and $\overline \nu_\mu \rightarrow \overline \nu_\tau$.
	However, the direct measurement is very difficult in the planned  LBL experiments
 since the  magnitude of its difference is usually expected at most $0.01$ and the difference of
	  energy distributions of neutrino beams $\nu_\mu$ and
$\overline\nu_\mu$  disturbs this measurement
	  in the order of  ${\cal O}(0.01)$.

	  In this paper, we propose the indirect search for the $CP$
violating phase
  in the LBL experiments combined with results of the short baseline(SBL)
   experiments.
    The SBL experiments  give important constraints for  neutrino mixing
    angles.
	The tentative indication has been already given by the LSND experiment \cite{LSND},
   which is an accelerator experiment for $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e(\overline \nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline \nu_e)$.
   The  CHORUS and NOMAD experiments \cite{CHONOM}
   have  reported the  new bound for $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_\tau$ oscillation,
   which has already improved the E531 result \cite{E531}.
   The  KARMEN experiment \cite{KARMEN}
 is also searching for the $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e(\overline \nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline \nu_e)$ oscillation
 as well as LSND.
 The Bugey \cite{Bugey} and Krasnoyarsk \cite{Kras} reactor experiments and
	  CDHS \cite{CDHS} and CCFR \cite{CCFR} accelerator experiments have already given
	bounds for the neutrino mixing parameters as well as E776 \cite{E776}.

Taking account of those data,  we study the $CP$ violatig phase effect
	 of  the $\nu_\mu \rightarrow\nu_e$ oscillation in the LBL experiments.
 Bilenky, Giunti and Grimus \cite{BGG} have already discussed the bound of
 this transition probability, which is
	independent of the $CP$ violatig phase.
	   By investigating the phase effect of the bound,
 we provide a possibility to observe the $CP$ violation in the neutrino oscillation indirectly.

 \section{Mass and mixing  patterns and LBL experiments}

  Let us start with discussing the recent results of atmospheric neutrinos
	  at Super-Kamiokande \cite{SKam}, which
  suggests $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\tau$ oscillation with the large mixing.
 Since the CHOOZ result \cite{CHOOZ}
 excludes the large neutrino oscillation of $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_e$,
 the large mixing between  $\nu_\mu$ and $\nu_\tau$  is a reasonable interpretation
  for the atmospheric $\nu_\mu$ deficit.
  Our starting point as to neutrino mixings is
   the large $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\tau$ oscillation with
 \begin{equation}
  \Delta m^2_{\rm atm}\simeq 5\times 10^{-3} {\rm eV}^2 \ , \qquad\quad
 \sin^2 2\theta_{\rm atm} \simeq 1 \ ,
  \label{atm}
 \end{equation}
\noindent which
  constrain   neutrino oscillations in the LBL experiments.
 The considerable large oscillations are expected  for the $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\tau$ process
  in K2K \cite{K2K}, MINOS \cite{MINOS} and ICARUS \cite{ICARUS}
experiments.
 This large  oscillation hardly  depends  on  other mixings and
the $CP$ violating phase.
 On the other hand, the $\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e$ oscillation is  small and  depends
  on  the phase and other mixing angles, which are constrained by the SBL experiments and
  the LBL reactor experiments.

  In order to give the formulation of the neutrino oscillation
probability for  the LBL $\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e$
   experiment, we should discuss  at first the mass and mixing
pattern of neutrinos.
 Other  possible evidences in favor of neutrino oscillations are
 the solar neutrino and the accelerator experiment LSND.
 Three different scales of mass-squared differences
 cannot be  reconciled with the three family model of neutrinos unless
one of data is disregarded.
 Therefore, one should two possible scenario\cite{Smi}:
(1) "{\bf sacrifice solar neutrino}" and (2) "{\bf sacrifice LSND}".
 By stretching the data, the other scenario  is still available
    as discussed by Cardall and Fuller \cite{CaFu}.
 This scenario appears to emerge naturally as the most likely solution to all
 oscillation evidences, however,  contradicts  with the zenith angle
 dependence of multi-GeV atmospheric data in the Kamiokande and
 Super-Kamiokande experiments \cite{SKam}.
 So, we do not discuss this scenario in our  paper.
  If one would like to sacrifice no data, the sterile neutrino  should be
   included in the analyses, which is out of scope in our paper.

  In the scenario  (1) {\bf "sacrifice solar neutrino"},
   we take $\Delta m_{31}^2\simeq\Delta m_{21}^2\simeq \Delta m^2_{\rm LSND}$ and
$\Delta m_{32}^2 \simeq \Delta m^2_{\rm atm}$($m_3\simeq m_2\gg m_1$).
 The natural  pattern of the neutrino mixing matrix $U$ \cite{Masa} is
 \begin{equation}
 U \simeq \left (\matrix{1 & \epsilon_1 & \epsilon_2 \cr \epsilon_3 & c & s
\cr\epsilon_4 & -s & c \cr} \right ) \ ,
\label{U1}
\end{equation}
where $c\equiv\cos\theta\simeq 1/\sqrt{2}$ and $s\equiv \sin\theta\simeq
1/\sqrt{2}$ are fixed  by taking account  of eq.(\ref{atm}),
and small values $\epsilon_i$'s are constrained from the SBL  experiments.
 We do not consider the mass hierarchy $m_3\gg m_2\gg m_1$, which is unfavourable  in constructing the neutrino mass matrix without fine-tuning
 in the case of  the large mixing \cite{Masa}.

In the scenario  (2) {\bf "sacrifice LSND"},
  we take
$\Delta m_{32}^2\simeq\Delta m_{31}^2\simeq \Delta m^2_{\rm
atm}$ and     $\Delta m_{21}^2   \simeq \Delta m^2_\odot$(solar neutrino).
 For the MSW small angle solution \cite{MSW}, the mixing pattern is
the same one in eq.(\ref{U1}).
Another pattern  is equivalent to an exchange of the first and second
columns in the mixing matrix.
In the case of the just-so solution and the MSW
large angle solution, the mixing matrix pattern
 is somewhat complicated.  Taking account of the  data of the CHOOZ experiment,
 Bilenky and Giunti \cite{Giunti} have obtained a typical  mixing
pattern, on which we will comment later.

 Now, in terms of the standard parametrization of the mixing matrix $U$ \cite{PDG},
 \begin{equation}
 U= \left (\matrix{ c_{13} c_{12} & c_{13} s_{12} &  s_{13} e^{-i \phi}\cr
  -c_{23}s_{12}-s_{23}s_{13}c_{12}e^{i \phi} & c_{23}c_{12}-s_{23}s_{13}s_{12}e^{i \phi} &
                       s_{23}c_{13} \cr
  s_{23}s_{12}-c_{23}s_{13}c_{12}e^{i \phi} & -s_{23}c_{12}-c_{23}s_{13}s_{12}e^{i \phi} &
                       c_{23}c_{13} \cr} \right ) \ ,
\end{equation}
\noindent   where  $s_{ij}\equiv \sin{\theta_{ij}}$ and $c_{ij}\equiv \cos{\theta_{ij}}$
 are vacuum mixings, and  $\phi$ is the $CP$ violating phase,
 the neutrino oscillation probability for the LBL $\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e$
experiment is given  by
   \begin{equation}
 P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e) \simeq  2|U_{e 1}|^2 |U_{\mu 1}|^2-4 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}\cos{\phi}
            \sin^2{\Delta m^2_{32} L \over 4 E}
			 - 2 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}\sin{\phi} \  S_{CP}
	\label{P1}
\end{equation}
\noindent with
   \begin{equation}
  |U_{e 1}|^2 |U_{\mu 1}|^2 \simeq
   c_{23}^2 s_{12}^2 + s_{23}^2 s_{13}^2 + 2 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}
s_{13}\cos{\phi} \ ,
   \label{P11}
\end{equation}
 for the scenario (1),
          and
   \begin{equation}
 P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e) \simeq  4 s_{23}^2 s_{13}^2 \sin^2{\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 4 E}
			 - 2 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}\sin{\phi} \ S_{CP}
	\label{P2}
   \end{equation}
\noindent  for the scenario (2),
where
  \begin{equation}
   S_{CP}=\sin {\Delta m^2_{12} L \over 2 E}+ \sin {\Delta m^2_{23} L \over 2 E}+
          \sin {\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 2 E} \ .
 \end{equation}
  The oscillatory term  $S_{CP}$ is approximately reduced to
$\sin ({\Delta m^2_{23} L/2 E})$
   for the scenario (1), because
   $\sin ({\Delta m^2_{12} L/2 E})$ and $\sin ({\Delta m^2_{31} L/2
E})$
 can be  replaced by the average value $0$ in the  LBL experiments.
	For the scenario (2),  $S_{CP}$ is suppressed
  such as $S_{CP}\sim 0.01$,
	 so the second term  in  eq.(\ref{P2}) can be  neglected.

	Thus, the probability in eq.(\ref{P1}) strongly depends on the $CP$ violating phase,
	 while the one in eq.(\ref{P2}) hardly  depends on it.
	 The $CP$ violating phase effect could be found  in the LBL
$\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e$ experiment  if the scenario (1) is true. On the other hand, if the scenario (2) is true, it is impossible to
	 determine the  $CP$ violating phase by $\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e$.

 \section{Constraints from reactor and accelerator experiments}

 In our analyses,  $s_{23}\simeq 1/\sqrt{2}$ is fixed, but
  $s_{12}$, $s_{13}$ and $\phi$  still remain  as  free patrameters.
  Those mixing parematers are constrained from other experiments.

 For the scenario (1), the SBL experiments give strong constraints because
  the distance $L$ corresponds to the neutrino mass scale ${\cal O}(1{\rm eV})$.
  Let us consider   constraints from  disappearance experiments.
 The Bugey \cite{Bugey} and  Krasnoyarsk \cite{Kras} reactor experiments  and
	  CDHS \cite{CDHS} and CCFR \cite{CCFR} accelerator experiments give bounds for the neutrino
 mixing parameters at the fixed value of $\Delta m^2_{31}$ \cite{Bil}.
In the mixing pattern of eq.(\ref{U1}), the constraint for $U_{e 1}$
is given by using
\begin{equation}
P(\overline\nu_e\rightarrow \overline\nu_e) \simeq  1 - 4 |U_{e 1}|^2 (1 - |U_{e 1}|^2)
            \sin^2 {\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 4 E} \ ,
\end{equation}
\noindent
where  $\Delta m^2_{31}\gg \Delta m^2_{32}$ is used.
Thus, one obtains  the bound $|U_{e1}|^2\geq a_e$ due to
non-observation of  neutrino oscillations.  For example, we get
   $a_e=0.984$ for $\Delta m^2_{31}=2 {\rm eV}^2$.
 This condition is expressed in terms of mixing parameters as follows:

\begin{equation}
 s_{12}^2+s_{13}^2 -s_{12}^2 s_{13}^2 \leq  B_e \equiv 1-a_e \ .
 \label{cond1}
  \end{equation}

 Constraints from  the  appearance experiments are given by LSND, E776 and CHORUS/NOMAD.
    If the excess of the electron events at LSND are due to the neutrino oscillation,
the $\overline \nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline \nu_e$ oscillation
 transition probability is equal to
 $0.31\pm 0.09\pm 0.05\%$ \cite{LSND}.
  The plot of the LSND favored region of  $\Delta m^2$ vs $\sin^2 2\theta$  allows
    the mass region to be  larger  than $\Delta m^2\simeq 0.04\ {\rm eV}^2$.
	However,  Bugey\cite{Bugey} has  already excluded
	 a mass region lower than $\Delta m^2=0.27\ {\rm eV}^2$.  On the other hand,	the constraint by  E776 \cite{E776}  has excluded a  region
	larger than $\Delta m^2=2.3\ {\rm eV}^2$.
 Thus, the mass squared difference $\Delta m_{31}^2$ is obtained in the range \cite{OYB}:
  \begin{equation}
     \Delta m_{31}^2\simeq 0.27 \ {\rm eV}^2 \sim 2.3 \ {\rm eV}^2  \ .
   \end{equation}
   The recent CHORUS experiment for $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_\tau$  has given the bound  $\sin^2 2\theta_{\rm
CHORUS}\leq 1.3\times 10^{-3} \cite{CHONOM}$.
   Those data lead to   constraints of  mixing angles
   by using following equations:
 \begin{eqnarray}
     P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e) \simeq  4 |U_{e 1}|^2 |U_{\mu 1}|^2
            \sin^2 {\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 4 E} \ ,  \nonumber \\
     P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_\tau) \simeq 4 |U_{\mu 1}|^2 |U_{\tau 1}|^2
            \sin^2 {\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 4 E} \ .
 \end{eqnarray}
  Using eq.(\ref{P11}), we get the condition for the LSND data
  \begin{equation}
   c_{23}^2 s_{12}^2 + s_{23}^2 s_{13}^2 + 2 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12} s_{13}\cos{\phi}=L_e\equiv
   {1\over 4}\sin^2 2\theta_{\rm LSND}\ ,
   \label{cond2}
\end{equation}
\noindent
where $L_e$ is given  experimentally  for fixed  $\Delta m^2_{31}$.

For the CHORUS bound of $\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_\tau$, we  also obtain a condition
 \begin{equation}
   s_{23}^2 s_{12}^2 + c_{23}^2 s_{13}^2 - 2 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12} s_{13}\cos{\phi}\leq C_\tau\equiv
   {1\over 4}\sin^2 2\theta_{\rm CHORUS}\ ,
\end{equation}
  \noindent
  which is a weak bound at present since $\sin^2 2\theta_{\rm CHORUS}\geq 0.1$ in the case of
  $\Delta m^2_{31}\leq 2{\rm eV}^2$. Actually,  mixing angles  which satisfy
  eqs.(\ref{cond1}) and (\ref{cond2}) always  satisfy this bound.

  The first LBL reactor experiment CHOOZ \cite{CHOOZ} also constrains
 mixing angles
  by the following formula:
   \begin{equation}
  P(\overline\nu_e\rightarrow \overline\nu_e) \simeq 1 - 2 |U_{e 1}|^2 (1 - |U_{e 1}|^2) -
         4 |U_{e 2}|^2 |U_{e 3}|^2 \sin^2 {\Delta m^2_{32} L \over 4 E} \ .
  \end{equation}
  \noindent
  Taking account of $s_{12}\ll 1$ and  $s_{13}\ll 1$, the probability reduces to
   \begin{equation}
  P(\overline\nu_e\rightarrow \overline\nu_e) \simeq 1 - 2 (s_{12}^2 + s_{13}^2) \ .
  \end{equation}
  \noindent
  Since CHOOZ reported  $\sin^2 2\theta_{\rm CHOOZ}\leq 0.18$ for large $\Delta m^2$,
   we get a constraint $s_{12}^2 + s_{13}^2\leq 0.18/4$, which is a loose bound
    compared with the one in eq.(\ref{cond1}).

  Next we consider the scenario (2), in which the SBL experiments do not constrain  mixing
  angles because the highest mass difference scale is ${\cal O}(0.01{\rm eV}^2)$.
  The constraint follows only from  the CHOOZ experiment \cite{CHOOZ},
in which the probability is expressed as
   \begin{equation}
  P(\overline\nu_e\rightarrow \overline\nu_e) \simeq 1 -
        4 |U_{e 3}|^2 (1-|U_{e 3}|^2) \sin^2 {\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 4 E}
	    \simeq 1 - 4 s_{13}^2 (1 - s_{13}^2) \sin^2 {\Delta m^2_{31} L \over 4 E} \ .
  \end{equation}
  \noindent
  By using the CHOOZ result  $\sin^2 2\theta_{\rm CHOOZ}\leq 0.12$ for
  $\Delta m^2\simeq 5\times 10^{-3} {\rm eV}^2$, we get only a constraint $s_{13}^2\leq 0.03$.
 The MSW small angle solution of the solar neutrino \cite{MSW} gives another constraint:
 $s_{12}= 0.02\sim 0.06$.

 \section{Phase dependence of $P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)$}

 In  the scenario (1),
  eq.(\ref{P1}) is written as
    \begin{equation}
 P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e) \simeq  2|U_{e 1}|^2 |U_{\mu 1}|^2 - 4 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}
   \sin\left ( {\Delta m^2_{32} L \over 4 E}\right )\sin\left ({\Delta m^2_{32} L \over 4 E} -\phi\right ) \ ,
 \label{Pme}
 \end{equation}
 \noindent
 where the first term in the right hand side is fixed by the LSND data.
 It is remarked that $c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}$ determines this oscillation probability
    if $\phi$ is fixed. So, the maximal value of $c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}$
 gives the maximal or minimal $P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)$, which  depends on $\phi$.

	We show how to extract the maximal value of $s_{12}s_{13}$
	 from eqs.(\ref{cond1}) and (\ref{cond2}), taking
	   $s_{23}=1/\sqrt{2}$  for simplicity. Those conditions turn to
  \begin{eqnarray}
      &&s_{12}^2+s_{13}^2 -s_{12}^2 s_{13}^2 \leq  B_e  \ ,
           \label{Scond1} \\
      &&s_{12}^2 + s_{13}^2 + 2 s_{12} s_{13}\cos{\phi} = 2 L_e \ .
           \label{Scond2}
 \end{eqnarray}
	  The maximal value of $s_{12}s_{13}$ under the condition in eq.(\ref{Scond2})
	 is  obtained by an easy algebraic manipulation  as follows:
  \begin{equation}
    s_{12}s_{13}\leq {1\over 1+\cos{\phi}} L_e \ .
	\label{sol1}
  \end{equation}
  \noindent
  On the other hand, we get an equation as to $s_{12} s_{13}$ by a subtraction
  of eq.(\ref{Scond1}) and  eq.(\ref{Scond2}):
  \begin{equation}
     s_{12}^2 s_{13}^2 + 2 s_{12} s_{13}\cos{\phi} + (B_e-2 L_e) \geq 0 \ .
   \label{Scond3}
 \end{equation}
 Taking a positive solution of $s_{12} s_{13}$, we get
   \begin{equation}
    s_{12}s_{13}\leq -\cos{\phi} - \sqrt{\cos^2 \phi - (B_e -2 L_e)}  \ .
   \label{sol2}
 \end{equation}
 \noindent
 The true maximum of $s_{12} s_{13}$ should satisfy both conditions
 of eqs.(\ref{sol1}) and (\ref{sol2}). In conclusion,  we obtain the
 maximal $s_{12} s_{13}$  as follows:
	 \begin{eqnarray}
        s_{12}s_{13}\leq {1\over 1+\cos{\phi}} L_e  \ \ {\rm for} \ \
	                   \cos\phi \geq -1+{L_e\over B_e} (1+\sqrt{1-B_e}) \ ,
           \nonumber \\
        s_{12}s_{13}\leq -\cos{\phi} - \sqrt{\cos^2 \phi - (B_e -2 L_e)} \ \ {\rm for} \ \
	   \cos\phi \leq -1+{L_e\over B_e} (1+\sqrt{1-B_e}) \ .
           \label{SOL}
     \end{eqnarray}

 \noindent
 By using this maximal value, we can  predict the allowed region of the
  oscillation probability of eq.(\ref{Pme}) for the fixed value of  $\phi$.
  We show the allowed region of $P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)$ versus $\phi$ in fig.1, where
    $\Delta m^2_{32}=5\times 10^{-3}{\rm eV}^2$ and typical  parameters of
the  K2K experiment
	$L=250{\rm Km}$, $E=1.3{\rm GeV}$ \cite{K2K} are taken.
  We also take $\Delta m^2_{31}=2{\rm eV}^2$, which leads to $B_e=0.0183$ and
  $L_e=6.5\times 10^{-4}$. The allowed region is shown  between the
solid curve and the  horizontal dashed line.
   It is noticed that this result is consistent with the one  in
ref.\cite{BGG}.
   Since the condition of  eq.(\ref{SOL}) is  a general one, it is useful even if the LSND data
   is replaced by  the KARMEN \cite{KARMEN} data in the future.

   As seen in fig.1, the probability increases steeply in the region $\phi\geq 100^{\circ}$ and
   to the maximal value around $0.02$.
   Thus, the observation of $P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)$ larger than $0.005$ indicates
   the large $CP$ violating phase although
  the $CP$ conserved  limit $\phi=180^\circ$   is still allowed.
  In the case of $\phi=180^\circ$, the observed $P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)$
	fixes both $s_{12}$ and $s_{13}$.  Then, one can predict the $CP$ conjugated
	 process $\overline\nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline\nu_e$ for arbitrary neutrino beam energies.
Thus, the measurement of the  absolute value of $P(\overline\nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline\nu_e)$
	 is a crucial test of the $CP$ violation.
	 In fig.1, we  have also  shown the oscillation probability of
    $\overline\nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline\nu_e$ by taking same values of parameters $L$ and $E$.

In the scenario (2), substituting a bound $s_{13}^2\leq 0.03$ into eq.(\ref{P2}), we obtain
   \begin{equation}
      P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e) \leq 0.06 \ ,
   \end{equation}
 \noindent
 which is much larger than the maximal value $0.02$ in the scenario (1).
 In this case, the $CP$ phase dependence  is not found.

 We have taken the MSW small angle solution of the solar neutrino
in the scenario (2).
 In the case of the just-so solution and the MSW
large angle solution, the mixing matrix pattern
 is somewhat complicated.  However, the mixing matrix
 given in ref.\cite{Giunti} hardly  changes our result with  the MSW small
angle solution.

 The observation of $0.02\leq P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)\leq 0.06$ means that the scenario (2)
  is true,  that is to say, the mass difference scale $\Delta m^2={\cal O}(1{\rm eV}^2)$
   is rejected.  This is the same issue in ref.\cite{Shimada}.
 What can one say if its observed probability is lower than $ 0.02$?
The measurement of the $\overline\nu_\mu\rightarrow \overline\nu_e$ oscillation can select
a  scenario because the $CP$ violating phase effect is found in the  scenario (1).
 An alternative method is to measure the $\nu_e\rightarrow\nu_\tau$
oscillation in the LBL experiment.  For  the scenario (1), the
probability
is different from the  $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e$ oscillation as follows:
    \begin{equation}
 P(\nu_e\rightarrow \nu_\tau) \simeq  2|U_{e 1}|^2 |U_{\tau 1}|^2 +4 c_{23}s_{23}s_{12}s_{13}
   \sin\left ( {\Delta m^2_{32} L \over 4 E}\right )\sin\left ({\Delta m^2_{32} L \over 4 E} +\phi\right ) \ ,
 \label{Petau}
 \end{equation}
 \noindent
 while  the  probability is the same one for  the scenario (2)
in the case of  $s_{23}=1/\sqrt{2}$.
Thus, the  $\nu_e\rightarrow\nu_\tau$ oscillation can select a  scenario of the
mass hierarchy.

It may be useful to remark that  the observation of $P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow \nu_e)$ larger than $0.06$ indicates new physics.

\section{Matter effect}

  Although the distance travelled by neutrinos is less than $1000 {\rm~Km}$ in
 the LBL experiments, those data  include  the background
 matter effect which is not $CP$ invariant \cite{matter}.
In particular,
 the matter effect should be carefully analyzed  for  the scenario  (1)
 since the numerical results strongly depend on the $CP$ violating phase.

  \noindent
   Hamiltonian in matter $H(x)$  in weak basis is
\begin{equation}
 H = U \left (\matrix{ m_1^2/2E & 0 & 0 \cr
            0 & m_2^2/2E & 0 \cr
            0 & 0 & m_3^2/2E \cr} \right )U^\dagger +
      \left (\matrix{ a & 0 & 0 \cr
            0 & 0 & 0 \cr
            0 & 0 & 0 \cr} \right )  \ ,
\end{equation}
\noindent where
\begin{equation}
 a=\sqrt{2} G_F n_e \ ,
 \end{equation}
 \noindent with
 a constant matter density  $\rho=2.34\ {\rm g/cm}^3$.
 For antineutrinos, effective Hamiltonian is given by
  replacing $a\rightarrow -a$ and $U \rightarrow U^*$.

  Minakata and Nunokawa have shown the perturbative treatment of the matter effect
  \cite{CP1}, which is reliable under the mass scale  we consider.
  In the scenario (1)  with
$ m_3\simeq m_2 \gg m_1$, the transition probability is
 given:
\begin{eqnarray}
  P(\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e)&=& 2 |V_{e1}(a)|^2|V_{\m1}(a)|^2
             -4{\rm Re}[V_{e2}(a)V^*_{e3}(a)V^*_{\m2}(a)V_{\m3}(a)]   \sin^2{1\over 2}I_{23}
   \nonumber \\
  &+&2 {\rm Im}[V_{e2}(a)V^*_{e3}(a)V^*_{\m2}(a)V_{\m3}(a)] \sin I_{23} \ ,
\label{PT}
\end{eqnarray}
\noindent  where
\begin{equation}
   V_{\alpha i}(a)= U_{\alpha i}-\sum_{j\not=i}^{}2aE{U_{\alpha j}U^*_{ej}U_{ei}\over  m_j^2-m_i^2} \ ,
   \quad
   I_{ij}=-{\Delta m^2_{ij} L \over 2 E}+(|U_{ei}|^2 - |U_{ej}|^2)aL \ .
   \end{equation}
   \noindent
   The oscillation probability turns to  a complicated equation, but
    it is easy to estimate the matter oscillation effect by using
    the parameters $E={\cal O}(1{\rm GeV})$, $a={\cal O}(10^{-13}{\rm eV})$ and  $L=250 {\rm Km}$.
	We have found the leading matter corrections for the vacuum oscillation to be dominated by
	 terms of $2aE/\Delta m^2_{31}$,  $2aEs_{12}^2/\Delta m^2_{32}$,
	$2aEs_{13}^2/\Delta m^2_{32}$ and  $aL(s_{12}^2-s_{13}^2)$.
	Those corrections are  at most ${\cal O}(10^{-3})$ for the vacuum oscillation probability
	 of $\nu_\mu\rightarrow\nu_e$ in the case of $\Delta m^2_{31}\simeq1 {\rm eV}^2$.
	 This result is consistent with the previous numerical one \cite{CP1}.
	 Thus, the matter effect is negligible small.

\section{Conclusions}\par

  We have proposed the indirect search for the $CP$ violating phase
  in the LBL experiments combined with results of the SBL experiments in two scenarios of
  the mass hierarchy.
   Taking account of those data,  we have investigated the $CP$ violatig phase effect
	 of  the $\nu_\mu \rightarrow\nu_e$ oscillation in the LBL experiments for the scenario (1):
	 the LSND data plus the  atmospheric neutrino deficit.
	 For the scenario (2): the atmospheric neutrino deficit plus the solar neutrino deficit,
	 the phase dependence is negligibly small.
	 As an example, we have shown the phase dependence of the oscillation
	 probability by using typical  parameters of the K2K experiment for the scenario (1).
	 The matter effect has been found to be negligibly small.
	  This phase effect on the probability
   provides a possible method to observe the $CP$ violation in the neutrino oscillation indirectly.   In order to select the  scenario (1) or (2), the
measurement of  the $\nu_e\rightarrow\nu_\tau$
oscillation is useful  in the LBL experiment
as well as  $\overline\nu_\mu\rightarrow\overline\nu_e$.
   Even if  our predicted magnitudes are  out of sensitivity in the K2K experiment,
    we can expect the experiments of MINOS and ICARUS.

\newpage

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv