text:
A Black from the South, a Jew from the Bronx unite in fight for East Ramapo schoolkids
Thomas C. Zambito
Rockland/Westchester Journal News
Citizens across America are proving that the country is not as hopelessly divided as the headlines may lead one to believe. USA TODAY Network reporters are bringing forth examples of how citizens are working across perceived divides to address differences between conservatives and liberals, promote listening to neighbors with opposing views and to solve issues such as racial inequities and gun violence. The USA TODAY Network is reporting on these "Strange Bedfellows" as part of Hidden Common Ground, a key component of USA TODAY's unique local-to-national coverage of the 2020 presidential election.
One is a Black Vietnam War veteran raised in the South who came home from the war disillusioned, eventually venturing north where he found work caring for the mentally ill.
The other is a Jew from the Bronx raised by deaf parents who, after a stop at Columbia University, would go on to lead a school for the deaf.
Black and white, Willie Trotman and Oscar Cohen are united in a singular purpose – making sure Blacks and Latinos get the same education as whites.
LAWSUIT: East Ramapo schools need to drop lawsuit with NAACP | Opinion
FLIGHT: Black families leave struggling East Ramapo school district in search of better education
JUDGE: Federal judge sides with NAACP in voting rights challenge of East Ramapo school district
Trotman and Cohen were the driving force behind the Spring Valley chapter of the NAACP's successful campaign to use the Voting Rights Act of 1965 as a weapon in its long-running battle to improve educational opportunities for minority students in East Ramapo's public schools.
In May, a federal judge sided with the NAACP, declaring the method East Ramapo uses to elect its school board members violated the Voting Rights Act, a signature victory in the civil rights movement.
The ruling, if it survives an appeal, could lead to more seats for minorities on a school board dominated by white, Orthodox Jewish men for over a decade.
It followed years of frustration for Trotman and Cohen, respectively the president and education co-chair of the NAACP chapter, as they struggled to get state lawmakers and education officials to pay attention to what was going on in the district.
Each brought their own skills to the fight -- Cohen the pragmatic educator, assessing the field, deciding where to leverage support, Trotman leaning hard against his civil rights past when all seemed lost.
"He grew up in the segregated South and he's not going to compromise," Cohen said. "And there are times when I say maybe we ought to. And he'll say 'How can you do that? You know? Bull Connor?' He has this history and who the hell am I?"
"We have to keep the fight going," Trotman said. "You're not asking for the world. You're just asking to be equal. At least get some kind of equal treatment."
Trotman, 73, found Cohen, 79, about 15 years ago when he was searching for someone to help challenge East Ramapo's education policies. At the time, more and more of the district's roughly $250 million budget was being siphoned to pay for private school busing. Honors courses were eliminated in the public schools. Kindergarten was reduced to a half day.
One of Cohen's three children, a son, is African-American, adopted when he was four years old. And so, Cohen says, he'd become familiar with the disparate educational opportunities for Blacks and whites in public schools.
And in East Ramapo, graduation rates for Blacks and Latinos were plummeting. Teachers were being laid off.
"From that day to this day we've worked very well together," Trotman says. "I don't even know if we've ever disagreed on a decision believe it or not."
Meetings were moved to Cohen's Chestnut Ridge home when Cohen's wife Sue became sick. She'd listen in from upstairs through a baby monitor.
"When my wife was sick we had meetings here with the committee because I wouldn't go out," Cohen recalled. "And Willie came here."
Sue died in 2012.
The friendship between Trotman and Cohen grew.
They have learned to embrace their differences.
"I have to love the guy," Trotman says. "Sometimes he points to his skin and says 'Remember I'm white and I do white privilege.' He's an intriguing guy. It's almost like he was born for this role."
Hidden Common Ground is supported by a diverse group of foundations, including the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the John S. and James L. Knight Foundation, the Charles Koch Foundation, and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. In addition, the Kettering Foundation is a research partner of the initiative.


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4 Bizarre Facts About Byron - Bibliotheca Veneficae Literary Parlor LLC
"Tis strange,-but true; for truth is always strange;
Stranger than fiction: if it could be told,
How much would novels gain by the exchange!
How differently the world would men behold!"
― George Gordon Byron, Don Juan
A Love for the Macabre
He had a love for the macabre. When one day a skull was dug up at his Newstead Abbey, Lord Byron said, "A strange fancy seized me of having it set and mounted as a drinking cup."
It's been said that the skull's cup was not the only one. He used other skulls and turned them into flower pots. He also had a coffin standing in one of the rooms. His morbid tendency brought him to the point of asking to Mary Shelley her husband's skull before cremation. As bizarre as it sounds, the practice of using skulls as cups is an old practice that goes back to more than 14,000 years.
"Lines Inscribed Upon a Cup Formed from a Skull" by Lord Byron
LibriVox Public Domain
Image from https://antique-collecting.co.uk/2017/09/27/lord-byron-skull-cup-heads-to-auction/
Better to hold the sparkling grape,
Than nurse the earth-worm's slimy brood;
And circle in the goblet's shape
The drink of Gods, than reptiles' food.
Excerpt from "Lines Inscribed Upon a Cup Formed from a Skull" by Lord Byron
Lord Byron had a Zoo.
Lord Byron was an animal lover. He loved dogs the most, but it is undeniable the love he felt for unusual animals . The story tells us that his first pet was a tame bear brought to the College because dogs were not allowed. When he moved to his ancestral house, Newstead Abbey, he got a tame wolf in addition to his bear. In his house in Ravenna, Italy, when Shelly visited him, he told of all the pets that Lord Byron had roaming in the house: five cats, eight large dogs, an eagle, a crow and a falcon while ten horses were kept outside. Of course the number of animals changed over time as circumstances changed, but it's a fact that Lord Byron was always surrounded by many usual and unusual pets. He was very fond of animals and he trusted them more than people.
"Epitaph to a Dog" from LibriVox. Public Domain
But the poor Dog, in life the firmest friend,
The first to welcome, foremost to defend,
Whose honest heart is still his Master's own,
Who labours, fights, lives, breathes for him alone,
Unhonoured falls, unnoticed all his worth,
Denied in heaven the Soul he held on earth –
While man, vain insect! hopes to be forgiven,
And claims himself a sole exclusive heaven.
Excerpt from the poem "Epitaph to a Dog" by Lord Byron
Initiated Into the Secret Carbonari Society
"It's a great object, the very poetry of politics. Only think – a free Italy!!!" The years he spent in Ravenna, were for Byron particularly important. The city where the tomb of Dante Alighieri lies, positively impressed the British poet. He found in its inhabitants authenticity, they were educated and liberal.
He had moved to the city to be near Teresa Gamba, his last and longest love he had ever had in his life. Teresa Gamba, despite her young age, was already married to an old man, Count Guiccioli. However, everyone liked Lord Byron, her husband included and they all openly accepted the love relationship that the two had. Byron became very close to Teresa's brother and father who were members of the Carbonari (charcoal burners) secret society. This society was born as a revolutionary response from the foreign invasion the country was living. He was initiated into the society by Teresa's brother and spent his Italian days loving and dreaming of a free Italy.
Image from http://www.internationalassociationofbyronsocieties.org/index.php/conferences/conference-announcements/item/67-call-for-papers-44th-international-byron-conference-in-ravenna
SWEET hour of twilight! in the solitude Of the pine forest, and the silent shore Which bounds Ravenna's immemorial wood, Rooted where once the Adrian wave flowed o'er To where the last Cæsarean fortress stood, Evergreen forest; which Boccaccio's lore And Dryden's lay made haunted ground to me, How have I loved the twilight hour and thee! The shrill cicalas, people of the pine, Making their summer lives one ceaseless song, Where the sole echoes, save my steed's and mine, And vesper bells that rose the boughs along: The spectre huntsman of Onesti's line, His hell-dogs and their chase, and the fair throng. Which learned from this example not to fly From a true lover,—shadowed my mind's eye.
Ravenna (excerpt from "Don Juan")
Lord Byron like Lord Ruthven
So the story goes that "The Vampyre", tale by William Polidori was in the beginning tied (and probably still is) to Lord Byron's pen. Official announcements by Byron himself and Polidori as well, had not been enough to give to his actual author the right merit that he deserved. When the publisher and editor Henry Colburn found the manuscript three years later from the creation, he gave credit to Byron. He then removed his name on the following editions, however, he never gave credit to Polidori. A few reasons where behind this decision. One of them is that the character's model of the story is taken from "A Fragment" an unfinished vampire story by Byron. Then, Lord Ruthven was much like Lord Byron, 'an aristocratic vampire that travels Europe and finds the time to drain women's blood leaving them dead'.
"The Vampyre" by John William Polidori from Lit2Go in the Public Domain.
He found himself in contact with someone, whom he immediately seized; when a voice cried, "Again baffled!" to which a loud laugh succeeded; and he felt himself grappled by one whose strength seemed superhuman: determined to sell his life as dearly as he could, he struggled; but it was in vain: he was lifted from his feet and hurled with enormous force against the ground: — his enemy threw himself upon him, and kneeling upon his breast, had placed his hands upon his throat — when the glare of many torches penetrating through the hole that gave light in the day, disturbed him; — he instantly rose, and, leaving his prey, rushed through the door, and in a moment the crashing of the brandies, as he broke through the wood, was no longer heard.
Excerpt from "The Vampyre" by John Polidori.
Posted in RomanticismTagged 4 bizarre facts about Byron, Lord Byron facts

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Hochul taps upstate Rep. Antonio Delgado as LG
Delgado will serve the remainder of Brian Benjamin's term and replace him on the primary ballot.
Rep. Antonio Delgado Paul Morigi/Getty Images
| May 3, 2022
Gov. Kathy Hochul announced Tuesday morning that Rep. Antonio Delgado will serve as the state's new lieutenant governor. He will serve out the rest of former Lt. Gov. Brian Benjamin's term and will replace him on the June primary ballot as well. Hochul is expected to call a special election to fill Delgado's empty upstate swing seat, where he had been expected to face a tough reelection.
Hochul praised Delgado, an Afro-Latino who is the first person of color to represent upstate in Congress, in a press release announcing the pick. "We share a belief in working together to get things done for New Yorkers, and Representative Delgado has an incredible record of doing just that in Congress," Hochul said in the statement. "With Antonio Delgado by my side serving as Lieutenant Governor, we will both make history – and make a difference."
Delgado would be the first Latino to hold statewide office in New York.
A moderate who has largely stayed under the radar since his election, Delgado's politics would compliment Hochul's while racially and geographically balancing out her ticket. During his time in office, Delgado has prided himself in visiting every corner of his sprawling district. He has had 18 bills signed into law by presidents from both parties, which he has touted as proof of his bipartisan bonafides, with his most prominent accomplishments focused on aid to rural farmers, veterans and localities. Delgado has also focused on issues related to rural farmers, expanding broadband and green energy.
From a political standpoint, Delgado has a strong congressional fundraising apparatus that will allow him to raise significant amounts of cash quickly despite his late entry into the race. As a Latino candidate, he also will compete with the two other Latinas running for lieutenant governor – Diana Reyna and Ana María Archila – an advantage to Hochul as well with him as her running mate. Though a risk, getting elected lieutenant governor would also ensure that Delgado would continue serving in government at a time when his reelection to Congress is far from assured.
Delgado was first elected to Congress in 2018, defeating former Rep. John Faso in a contentious race for the 19th District in the mid-Hudson Valley. He was reelected in 2020 without a strong challenge from a Republican.
But 2022 promised to be a very different year, with Dutchess County Executive Marc Molinaro running a serious campaign to unseat Delgado and flip the seat back to red. A congressional map that a state judge has since tossed due unconstitutional gerrymandering would have helped fortify the district against GOP challenges. But with congressional lines now in limbo and a seat left empty, Republicans will likely jump on the opportunity to win back one of its few seats in New York.
The vacancy comes at a time when Democrats have only a tenuous hold on the House majority ahead of an election cycle expected to benefit Republicans. Delgado's departure leaves the fate of the battleground district even more uncertain as Democrats are desperate to hold onto every seat they can.
Hochul must declare a special election within 10 days of Delgado's official swearing in as lieutenant governor, with a date likely in mid-to-late July. Molinaro confirmed to City & State that he would be the GOP pick for that special election and said he is feeling "very good" about his race. State Democratic Party Chair Jay Jacobs said that the party has some candidates in mind already, but declined to offer any specific names.
A source close to Ulster County Executive Pat Ryan, a Democrat, said he was interested in running for the seat. A representative for Zephyr Teachout, who lost a race for the 19th District in 2016, said she was not interested in running again.
With reporting by Jeff Coltin
Correction: Marc Molinaro is currently Dutchess County Executive. An earlier version of this misstated that he was no longer serving in the position.
Correction: This story has been updated to accurately reflect Delgado's heritage.
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Monroe is a remote city located inside of Walton County. It is the county seat of Walton and has quite a few residents for being a fairly remote country town. There are many retail locations and restaurants for residents to enjoy in Monroe. It is located about 20-30 minutes from the Monroe area and about 30-45 minutes away from downtown Atlanta. The city has a rich history and a historical downtown district that only adds to the charm of this southern city.


Reality Check: Boris Johnson, Brexit leader, just cannot stop old habits.
"The claim: Boris Johnson told a Channel 4 News reporter that he "didn't say anything about Turkey during the referendum. Since I made no remarks…I can't disown them".
Reality Check verdict: Boris Johnson talked about the issue of Turkey joining the EU several times in the lead-up to 23 June 2016 and was co-signatory of a letter to the prime minister warning about Turkish membership a week before the vote."
According to Theresa May she believes that the UK leaving the EU would make her country less secure from terrorism and more prone to crime. Just with that belief in itself one would think would make her unable to hold public office with the main goal of withdrawing her country from the EU.
I would say that it sounds superficially similar.
The first was a war-time pledge from the PM of NZ to the UK.
Back then the UK was flighting the horrors of Hitler and Nazi fascism.
Today the UK government is voluntarily subjecting itself to the uncertainty of withdrawing from arrangements that the UK had voluntarily entered into with its biggest trading market and from the trade arrangements that market has with other countries.
Ardern's Hope for liberalising free movement of people between the UK and NZ is ironic considering Theresa May's Brexit plans seek to boost the UK's control on immigration. Indeed it is a red-line for her and the number of migrants was a rallyiing cry for Many Brexiteers!
Ardern has not pledged that maintaining and improving relations with Post-Brexit UK should come at any cost to NZ or NZ's relationship with the EU. A totally different situation to the commitment that came with Fraser's Pledge of loyalty to the UK over 70 years ago.
Actually I think that Ardern is striving to limit the harm to NZ's interest's that Brexit entails. Many NZ companies have established UK offshoots on the basis of the UK membership of the single market. So maintaining and trying to build on close relations with the UK, after the UK leaves the single market and EU, is damage limitation for NZ. The harder the Brexit that the UK government undertakes, the more damage limitation is needed by NZ. Will Welsh and Scottish farmers post-Brexit be any less protectionist than as at present within the EU?
Last edited by Bjauck; 21-01-2019 at 02:38 PM.
Agree with all that, Bj. Just surprised that my throw-away quip warranted such a detailed response.
Of course since 1973 when Britain joined the EEC its common destiny lay with Europe and NZ has moved on. The current NZ PM's speech lacks the colonial cringe of yesteryear.
Amusing: Mays big plan B is to continue proceeding with a plan which parliament defeated with a landslide rejection and which the EU is not prepared to renegotiate. Delusion seems to be these days a requirement for inept populistic leaders.
Win - win: the Brits get what they deserve and asked for and the EU is losing a bunch of troublemakers who only know what they don't want, but not what they do. Just a pity about wasting two years for pointless negotiations.
Not sure that May fits the description of a "populist leader". She is just the mug who got landed with an impossible job. She cannot solve this problem, only the people can.
OK - she is no Trump - i give you that. However she choose this job and she took it despite opposing BREXIT. Quite dishonest.
She choose as well to push the job in secrecy without taking the people with her - and she choose to promise a BREXIT where she would have had for 2 years the chance to tell her people that they have been lied at and that any BREXIT is against the best interest of the UK.
I disagree that Theresa May was dishonest to take the job when she disagreed with Brexit. It shows strength of character. Everyone including leaders has to do things they disagree with. That's life. I respect her for tackling a very difficult job and doing the best she could. She was given an impossible task.
Brexit was always going to be the overwhelming issue for whoever took over sorting out the mess left behind by Cameron.
The chief task of the PM is to strive to make their country safe and prosperous. She has previously stated that a Brexit will make the UK less safe and less prosperous. Yet now she is voluntarily in charge of pursuing a Brexit.
Last edited by Bjauck; 24-01-2019 at 07:45 AM.
She wasn't given this task, she choose to pick it and she defined it herself. Remember her famous "Brexit is Brexit". How hard can it be to implement a Brexit she could define herself on the hoof? She only made a dogs breakfeast out of the task she picked herself. Incompetent.
May didn't act out of conviction or to serve the British people - she only jumped on the opportunity to hold the reigns of power, no matter what the cost to the British people (and to the EU). And remember as well - May was the ratbag inflaming all this anti immigration hype in the UK with her "go home or get arrested" campaign during the time she run the home office.
She certainly deserves no pity. She stands equal to the other BREXIT rats like Boris Johnson and Nigel Farrage.
Weimar Britain? Extremists shouting at each other with the leader claiming the will of the people supports her vision?


text:
Un décalage circulaire est une opération sur une liste ordonnée (ou n-uplet), consistant à faire passer le dernier élément au début et à décaler tous les autres ; ou à l'inverse, faire passer le premier élément à la fin, et décaler les autres. Cette opération peut être répétée de manière récursive.

Il s'agit donc d'une permutation circulaire particulière, de même longueur que l'ensemble des n éléments sur lequel elle est définie.

Par exemple, si l'on prend la liste  (a, b, c) — c'est un triplet —, alors ses décalages circulaires successifs sont :
 (a, b, c) ;
 (c, a, b) ;
 (b, c, a).

De manière générale, si l'on a un n-uplet
 (a1, a2, …, an)
alors les décalages circulaires sont obtenus en appliquant l'algorithme récursif suivant :
 premier décalage
 a 11 = a n
 pour 1 < i < n, a 1i+1 = a i
 j  décalage (j < n) :
 a j1 = a j-1n
 pour 1 < i < n, a ji+1 = a j-1i

Utilisation en informatique

En informatique, le décalage circulaire décale tous les bits de l'opérande considéré. Lorsque l'opérande est un ensemble d'octets représentant un nombre, cet opérateur ne conserve pas le signe du nombre ni la mantisse et l'exposant. Contrairement aux  registres à décalage, les places laissées vacantes par le décalage ne sont pas laissées vides mais sont remplies par les bits poussés hors de l'opérande.

Le décalage circulaire est souvent utilisé en cryptographie

Exemple
 Si la séquence de bits 0110 1111 1010 0011 est soumise à un décalage circulaire de quatre bits vers la gauche, le résultat est 1111 1010 0011 0110

On peut remarquer que le quartet le plus à gauche, 0110, devient le quartet le plus à droite.

Articles connexes
 Permutation circulaire
 Entier transposable

Permutation

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Saint Nicholas: The Real Story of the Christmas Legend – Kari Dent… living in paradise until He comes.
My family doesn't observe Christmas the way many people do. We forego the elf – both the one on the shelf and the one who resides at the North Pole. Our Christmas traditions and celebrations have always been centered around the birth of Christ which we have always found sufficient reason to celebrate. Saint Nicholas: the Real Story of the Christmas Legend by Julie Stiegemeyer is a wonderful book to read to young children about the real St. Nicholas. Granted, it is a fictionalized account, but in general it sticks to the most accepted and well-known facts about the kindhearted pastor from modern-day Turkey.
I encourage you to tell your children not only the story of Jesus – the real reason we celebrate – but also about the real man St. Nicholas who gave to others out of a heart dedicated to the Christ of Christmas.
Click here to order Saint Nicholas: the Real Story of the Christmas Legend by Julie Stiegemeyer.


text:
Search underway for the state's oldest buildings
Heritage South Australia is asking for public help to find some of the oldest buildings in the state that have not yet been listed on the South Australian Heritage Register.
Houghton Union Chapel was built in 1845 and is one of the oldest buildings in South Australia.
Department for Environment and Water Heritage Officer Dr Louise Bird said the department is looking for old hidden gems to better understand our earliest buildings, especially those not heritage listed.
"We think it's highly likely that there are some old farm out-buildings or barns, perhaps even some mining infrastructure or other buildings like early churches, which may have gone under the radar.
"That's why we are calling on members of the public, who may have some local knowledge about historic buildings or infrastructure, to help us.
"The Colony of South Australia was founded on 28 December 1836, so we are very keen to see if there is anything that's been overlooked that dates back to the period between 1837 and 1855.
"In particular we want to identify built fabric that remains from that period of time."
"Anyone who thinks they may know of an old hidden gem, can email us details at dewheritage@sa.gov.au
"We would need to know the location and street address of the building and any information that can be provided about its age and history, and also a photo if possible.
"Once a place is identified, we would investigate it further to see if it may be suitable for listing on the South Australian Heritage Register.
"There are already 216 places on the SA Heritage Register that were built between 1837 and 1855 with Holy Trinity Church on North Terrace acknowledged as one of the oldest buildings in the state.
"Houghton Union Chapel that was built only a few years later in 1845, was recently entered on the State Heritage Register and is an example of what may have been overlooked.
"It will be very interesting to see, with the public's help, what we can find."


This beautiful cello dates from the late 1600's…. and can be placed in Cremona…though not to a particular maker. As you can see this instrument has been through quite a journey and it has taken the work of many hands to keep it performing at its high level.
My contribution to this ongoing process was to remove the bass bar in order to glue a crack under it ….then after the gluing, fit studs to secure the crack….then fit a new bass bar that is notched to fit over the studs…which is rather tedious and painstaking. The photos show my bar already in and the beginning of shaping it – also the studs are glued in roughly- and in the process of being worked down to their final shape.
This great cello is played by Derek Barnes in the Philadelphia Orchestra.


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Through our UNION brand, WireCo WorldGroup is committed to providing the broadest range of wire and synthetic ropes for all surface mining applications.
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UNION has been a supplier of quality ropes since 1959 and produces its products in several locations in the US.
For more than 100 years, cranes have carried out heavy-lifting tasks using wire rope. On mining sites, it is essential for cranes to efficiently and safely lift and transport heavy loads to maintain the health and safety of the site. CASAR stocks a large variety of ropes that can reliably help cranes execute routine tasks. We stock ropes for mobile cranes, tower cranes, container cranes, float cranes and portal cranes.
CASAR was established in 1948 with the production of the first eight-strand rope, at a time when six-strand ropes were the industry standard. In 2007 CASAR joined WireCo WorldGroup, which provided the company with international standing and access to the most advanced and knowledgeable technical team in wire rope manufacturing.
BAUMA visitors again expect a superlative construction machine trade fair and CASAR, with its inviting two-storey trade fair stand, expects the rope-using specialist audience in Hall C4, Booth 115.
Quality products, outstanding service and comprehensive technical support – It's what today's industries expect from their supplier partners. And that's what WireCo WorldGroup is all about.
To control production costs, increase production efficiency and continue producing the best products, CASAR's internal processes are continually checked and improved.
Tower cranes have been deployed on European construction sites for a long time, and meanwhile conquered the whole world.
Our TURBOPLAST M just achieved an unbelievable 652,239 cycles in 46 months and brought over 22 million tons of rock up from the depths.
After staying away for many years, CASAR is back at the TOC, the special trade fair for global container transportation and corresponding harbour systems.
Every year in autumn, the state-run University of Perm in Russia hosts a technical conference for mining experts. Both professors and scientists from the university and representatives from the industry contribute to the event. In 2017, CASAR provided an interesting presentation on transport cables used in underground mining.
Even today, 200 years after the invention of the first usable locomotive, the railway continues to play a decisive role when it comes to transporting people and goods from A to B.
CASAR is a provider of high-quality mining ropes, known for their performance.
Only a few weeks separate us from the start of the largest construction machine trade fair in the world, bauma in Munich.
Time is money. As trite as this empty phrase appears, if it concerns the construction of wind farms, then it is as current as it has ever been.
A unique global partnership is currently being created at the Cadarache nuclear research centre in the south of France.
CASAR Drahtseilwerk Saar will be exhibiting between the 29th October and 1st November at the China Coal and Mining Expo 2015.
CASAR has always been known for the extraordinary performance of its mining ropes. Now the company has set a new world record in Australia's Northparkes mine, establishing a new milestone in the process.
WireCo's Union unveils new PowerMax PLUS wire rope downtime is costly to a mining operation. Increased service life of drag ropes helps minimise interruptions, which is essential to lowering overall cost of ownership.


To determine how long you can get the ball to the right base, consider the running speed of the runners and the batter. But never panic?it is still important that you stay cool and relaxed during the game.
To gain the best control over the ball, you need to field the ball from your body?s middle level, just above your glove side.
Keep it open at all times so that you won?t miss a catch. Keep your eye on the ball, too.
Don?t just watch the ball fly?you have to be active and alert all the time during the game. Throw the ball cross seam to prevent the ball from sinking, tailing, or going to the opponent player you are throwing to.
When you crow hop or throw the ball, use your feet to your advantage. If the ball is going to hit the ground, don?t forget to run to it. Use your two hands to catch a bouncing ball. You can use just one hand if the ball is rolling slowly.
Infielders are crucial in any baseball team. If you are going to be one, it helps that you learn baseball techniques for infielders so that you can contribute to your team?s success.
Now you can understand why there's a growing interest in Learn Baseball. When people start looking for more information about Learn Baseball, you'll be in a position to meet their needs.
Have you ever wondered if what you know about Play Drums is accurate? Consider the following paragraphs and compare what you know to the latest info on Play Drums.
Have you always dreamed about becoming a great drummer? Do you want to learn how to play the drums like rock legends, Travis Barker of Blink 182 and Lars Ulrich of Metallica? If you answered yes to any of these questions, then it may be time for you to shop for your own drum set or drum kit.
It may seem really simple to shop for a drum set but it?s not. You also need to remember that even the cheapest drum set will cost you some money. So be prepared to bring 400 to 1,000 dollars when you go shopping for a beginner?s drum set. If you want to go for cheaper drum kits, then you can always try buying used drum kits.
So, here are some of the things that you need to consider before you buy a drum kit. By keeping these things in mind, you will be able to buy the right drum kit for you to learn how to play the drums on.
As a beginner drummer, you need to start with a beginner?s drum kit. When learning how to play the drums, you don?t need to buy drum sets that professionals use. The beginner or starter drum kit will have all the things you need to start learning how to play the drums. The other accessories will follow soon after you master the basics.
The regular beginner?s drum kit will include a snare drum, a bass drum, two mounted toms, and a floor tom. The cymbals will not be included in the set and you will need to purchase them separately. For the cymbals, you will need a hi-hat, a crash, and a ride. These things are enough for you to start playing drums at a beginner level.
Those of you not familiar with the latest on Play Drums now have at least a basic understanding. But there's more to come.
The hardware will include the stands, pedals, and the drum seat or also known as the throne.
If you can, try buying a medium or professional quality drum pedal and drum seat. A beginner drum seat and pedals may break easily.
You should also research a bit about the drum kits that are available in the market. Compare the quality by taking a look at reviews and also check the prices. Go for a set that you are comfortable with and also go for a store with a knowledgeable staff in order for you to get a good advice on what kind of drum kit you should go for.
As you can see, it?s not that difficult to buy your first drum kit or drum set. With a bit of research, you will be able to get the right drum kit for you to learn how to play the drums on.
Always remember that even if you have a professional drum set, you will not be able to play like how the rock legends do. You need to take it one step at a time and you should also try getting proper lessons from a professional drummer. They will be able to teach you the basics and get you ready to rock out on jam sessions with your friends.
Of course, it's impossible to put everything about Play Drums into just one article. But you can't deny that you've just added to your understanding about Play Drums, and that's time well spent.
Do you ever feel like you know just enough about Horse Training to be dangerous? Let's see if we can fill in some of the gaps with the latest info from Horse Training experts.
Horse training is a difficult task. Being a trainer is really rewarding even and at times it can be time consuming and dangerous. In order to become a good trainer, you must first look for an established and reputable horse trainer in your area and become his assistant. You can start by caring for the horses, grooming them, saddling and exercising, and finally, riding when you?ve already established developed proper riding skills.
The key here is to get as much experience as you can. Working with horses is composed of different areas. It starts with the basics of horse teaching which involves breaking, getting rid of bad habits, and lastly, finishing.
Learning never ends especially in horse training. You can use the internet for gathering the latest information on horse training and about the horse as an animal. You should look into the health issues faced by equines, their personality, and psychology. To be en efficient trainer, you must learn the horse?s language.
When you?ve finally learned how to ride a horse, you can now ride horses of different types, age, levels, and events.
It?s impossible not to get hurt when you?re into horse training. You must prepare yourself for the possibility of getting hurt. Your horse might step, kick, bite, or even throw you. Training horses is a dangerous task, especially if you?re handling stubborn ones. Even if you?re only doing it as a hobby, be prepared to get hurt one way or another.
Dedicate your time in caring for horses. Experience can?t be bought. If you want to become one of the best trainers, you should be willing to invest time and energy. As you spend time with horses, you can learn much better.
Now that we've covered those aspects of Horse Training, let's turn to some of the other factors that need to be considered.
In horse training, you need to choose a specialization. Training horses is divided into different specializations such as starting, curing or correcting bad habits, general horse training, and other several events.
To attract clients, you should show a strong record especially in your field of specialization. Being passionate in your chosen endeavor is vital because horses can also feel it.
By nature, horses are wild animals. Even if most horses are domesticated, improper handling or training can trigger their inborn qualities. As mentioned earlier, never stop learning because it is continuous process. There are even instances when your horse teaches you some valuable lessons.
Never abuse your horse. Some trainers tend to beat and whip their horses to make them obey. These trainers can?t be considered good trainers even if their horses obey them. They are fit to be called abusers. If you see trainers who abuse their horses, you can report them to the right authority.
As a trainer, you must see to it that the horse is well cared for. Take good care of it. Owners of the horses can sue you when their precious horse gets damaged or suffer any injury.
Becoming a horse trainer takes time. You can?t learn everything overnight. If you?re determined to become a trainer, the best time to start is now. Find a local horse trainer; a good one so that you can learn his techniques. You must develop a good relationship with horses of different types and age. Gather all the information you can find about horses and their nature.
Being well informed can make you better in horse training.
The only way to keep up with the latest about Horse Racing is to constantly stay on the lookout for new information. If you read everything you find about Horse Racing, it won't take long for you to become an influential authority.
1) Harness racing ? this horse racing form evolved from the chariot races of old. Usually, this form of horse racing involves the horses pulling the jockey on a two-wheeled cart. Another distinction of this horse racing form is the fact that the horses are raced in a specified gait. Unlike thoroughbred racing, this horse racing form calls for more strategy than speed. Since all horses move with the same gait, tactics are needed to win.
a) Pacing ? in this gait, the horse moves its legs laterally. This means that the right front and right back hooves strike the ground simultaneously. Pacing consists of the majority of harness races today. It is more popular because of the fact that pacing is the more exciting variety of this horse racing form.
In pacing, the horses are able to run faster and the gait comes more natural to them. Because of this, there are lesser pauses during a race. When a horse breaks the stride or starts to gallop, it must be slowed down until it can regain the gait.
So far, we've uncovered some interesting facts about Horse Racing. You may decide that the following information is even more interesting.
b) Trotting ? in this variety of the horse racing form, horses move the legs diagonally, which means that the right front leg and the left hind leg strike the ground simultaneously.
2) Thoroughbred racing ? of course, we need to cover this most popular of all horse racing forms. Thoroughbred racing is often referred to as the sport of kings. Many people attend races with hopes of betting their cash on the right horse and winning a lot more money.
Thoroughbred racing is the most popular of all horse racing forms because of the fact that it is the most exciting. Although the ?initial? excitement is provided by the fact that the horses competing in this horse racing form are faster than others, it is expounded by the fact that there are higher amounts at stake. This increased amount of cash is actually caused by the fact that people like to watch thoroughbred racing more than any other horse racing form. Do you see the cycle here?
There are, of course, subcategories within this horse racing form. People can?t just take a random sample of the thoroughbreds available and then let them loose in the track. Administrators need to make the race as even as possible in order to encourage betting.
A maiden race is a variety of this horse racing form which is participated by horses which have yet been untried in a race. Many people choose to bet in these events because of the fact that maiden races have nearly even odds.
Another popular variety of this horse racing form is the Graded stakes race. This variety of the horse racing form involves high class horses and high class prizes. A lot of cash changes hands at these events. Horses which compete in these events are often in the same class, gender and age. This means that all competitors are evenly matched in this horse racing form.
iPad is perhaps not only the most hyped device in recent history, but is also a device that has caused great polarization among users. People can only either love it or hate it. What is so remarkable with this love-hate relationship with Apple's 'magical' and 'revolutionary' tablet PC is that you can tell who love and who hate iPad.
On one side, the techies hate it. They hate the fact that it can't multitask, that it does not have Flash, and that it's just a gigantic version of the iPod Touch. They can tell you everything that is so undesirable with iPad ? from its glossy screen that shows all the gross signs of fingerprints when turned off and the aluminum back that won't make you feel comfortable when you place it on your lap early in the morning. They would even go so far as rant about the black bezel that is too wide to be attractive. There is absolutely nothing that iPad does that other devices doesn?t already do better. And to top all these off, iPad is nothing more than a product of systematic publicity.
While the techies complain about iPad, the online congregation of Apple product enthusiasts continue to clamor for the success that Apple has achieved through the tablet PC that promises to permanently change the way personal computing will roll in the future.
Multitouch screen ? This is surely among the top reasons why non-techie users of iPad love to have it around. Although iPod Touch can be used with nothing but bare thumbs, iPad takes multitouch screens to a level no other product has reached before.
You can still play your favorite game applications, but this time, the experience is enhanced. Instead of constantly zooming in and out of the board when you're playing scrabble, you already have the entire board glaring back at you. If you are driving on simulators, your screen resembles a car windshield more than it does with iPod Touch. If you love reading eBooks on your IPod Touch, you will find that the iBooks e-reader application of its much younger cousin offers you an experience almost similar with reading an actual book. Turn a page and you'll find how much thought was thrown in to create an e-reader app that will give an almost the same feel as with reading a book. With a few modifications, of course. A single tap on an unfamiliar word can give you a dictionary definition online, for one.
When visiting a website, so long as it does not contain rich media contents made with Adobe Flash, you'll have no problem. Other than that, the general experience of web browsing with iPad is simply, incredible. It's fast, hassle-free, and liquid. It is, as Steve Jobs claimed, "the best browsing experience you've ever had".
But not everything that is good with iPad is about its superb screen. People love the fact that iPad exceeds battery life expectations as well. Where typical laptops and portable DVD players can shell out up to 4 hours battery life, iPad promises you up to 10 hours of continuous use. No need for charging in between. But don't take the manufacturer's word for it. One independent review claimed that his iPad played 12 hours' worth of movies.
And despite all these great things, iPad gives more. What more can you ask from a $499 Apple device?
A foreigner once said that ?whoever wants to know the heart and mind of America had better learn baseball.? It might be a little sweeping because in reality, not all Americans know how to play baseball.
The following are some of the basics on the game of baseball.
One baseball game lasts for nine innings. An inning is when both teams have been at bat through three outs.
The visiting team will be at bat first while the home team takes the field. The order of the batters is decided on by the team?s manager.
The batting team usually begins with good batters while the power-hitters and homerun hitters follow and could be at the 3rd to 5th. The catcher and the pitcher are usually in the end.
The game ends after nine innings, and there is a winner if one team has a higher score. If the home team is ahead after 8 and a half innings, they may not need to take up the last ups.
In case of a tie, both teams will continue to play complete innings until a score is no longer tied and both teams have had their turns at bat.
Scoring a run is the object of baseball. A batter must safely touch all the bases (first, second and third) and end back at home plate.
There is a hit if the batter hits the ball and makes it to the next base. Going from home to fist base is called a single, going from home to the second base is called a double and making it to the third base without stopping is a triple.
A homerun is making it safely around all the bases back to home without stopping.
There are nine players per team. They are, namely, the pitcher, the catcher, the first baseman, the second baseman, the third baseman, the short stop, the left fielder, the center fielder, and the right fielder.
The pitcher is probably has the most important role in the game. Aside from controlling the game?s tempo, his biggest role is to shut down the opposition and prevent them from scoring any runs.
People say baseball is played on a ?diamond?. What they mean is the shape of the field (a diamond) bordered by the home plate, first base, second base and the third base.
In the middle is the pitcher?s mound where the pitcher stands to pitch the ball. In the home plate is the catcher who will catch the pitched balls of the pitcher.
The bases are covered by their assigned personnel (first baseman at the first base, etc.) while the short stop covers the area between the second and the third base.
The outfield (extension beyond the infield bordered by the first and third bases) is covered by the left, center, and right fielders. They will catch the ball going their way.
Baseball can be one of the most exciting sports game to watch. The fun stems from the fact that there is strategy at work (mental game) as well as the physical power involved (power hitters, runners, pitching, etc).
It is just as exciting, of course, to play the game as well. But first, you have to learn baseball.
The race is pretty simple to watch. It is played on an arena with three barrels arranged in an isosceles triangle pattern on which the intention of the racer is to gain the fastest speed by circling the three barrels in a cloverleaf pattern. While there may be standards as to the distance of each barrel, governing bodies normally have various preferences on how far each barrel should be set from one another.
A second turn, but this time an opposite one, will be made on the second barrel. And again, the rider will have to race towards the third barrel. The third barrel then will be circled around in the same direction as the second one. After a complete loop, the rider will have to accelerate back to the starting line, which is also considered as the finish line.
Like many other horse racing events, horse barrel racing has its common problems too. We will help you distinguish some of the most common problems and would try to suggest a couple of things to find a solution on it. Please read on.
The best time to learn about Horse Racing is before you're in the thick of things. Wise readers will keep reading to earn some valuable Horse Racing experience while it's still free.
The first barrel is usually termed to as the ?money barrel?. This makes the most difficult turn since the horse has to approach it at full speed. Remember that the main aim of this game is to take it as fast as you can. This is also the most tricky barrel because if you knock it off, you are sure to be out of the game in no time and if you passed over it, you will have the chance to take some money with you.
The problem though comes with the horse that normally passes over this barrel due to lack of rate. Because the horse is charging at top speed, it has the tendency to become too aggressive. Thus, they may either knock the first barrel off or they may pass over it. This problem can be resolved through conditioning your horse to do the turn perfectly.
Some horses often have problems entering the arena. In this case, the horse is called ?barrel sour? or ?ring sour?. This is known to have rooted from running too much in the arena or over practice. This can be resolved through taking some time off the track and giving your horse a break from the barrel routines. One ideal way of doing this is to do trail riding.
Some horses tend to have no breaks at all. In this case, you must not allow your horse to run unless control is gained on it. Solution to this problem can start with running at slower gaits until progress is achieved. Run your horse on barrels only when you are confident enough of its speed and its capability to halt.
Well, even the best computer in the world has its shortcomings. With a promise of harboring new things for personal computing, iPad took center stage and impressed many. But not everyone is happy about what iPad brings to the table. For one, no one is quite sure what role iPad has to fill.
What Really Is An iPad?
Is it a toy, or is it a personal computer? A replacement for notebooks, maybe? For laptops? No one can quite pin down what exactly iPad does. It is a hybrid of sorts, but no one can truly say what it can do that other devices can't. Even when everyone is clamoring that this device could kill Amazon's Kindle, many from the Kinderworld still swear by the almighty e-ink. Still, even the not so big fans of reading eBooks on iPad think that the thoughtfulness of the technology used to recreate reading on an electronic device makes iPad a decent eBook reader.
It looks very much like an iPod Touch, only it is about 4 times bigger. But it is not an iPod Touch and certainly has more functions than iPod Touch offers. Besides, it doesn?t even have SMS so there simply is no way it can be an android phone, a hybrid phone even. Also, unlike the iPod Touch, it is not as portable. You can't carry it around, not even in your pocket. It has the same portability issues as its heavier cousins ? laptops and netbooks. Even around the house, people have difficulty carrying it around. It is too expensive to carry without a case ? it's quite heavy, its slippery and looks very fragile.
The information about Ipad presented here will do one of two things: either it will reinforce what you know about Ipad or it will teach you something new. Both are good outcomes.
It is a very impressive feat of engineering, though. No one can doubt that. At .5 inch thick, iPad stores so much power in it that it is virtually a go-to device when some work have to be finished or when you need a hand for your procrastination. But it?s not just light enough. Surely, anyone who holds this device with one hand for a few hours while reading an eBook or watching a movie will get tired of the weight. Even when you place it on your lap, a few hours can kill your legs. Still, it would be so much to ask when you have a powerful device that can give you superb web browsing experience, brilliant applications, and whatnot and not be content with its .5 inch thickness and it?s a little more than a pound of weight.
Too much glare. Susceptibility to fingerprints. Vulnerability to cracking. Too slippery. The list could go on. The main thing that makes iPad a very handsome device is what many of Apple products' detractors hate about it. And comparisons are always made about how Kindle can fare better under the sun.
But really, when you take all these things away from iPad, you are already asking for a perfect tablet PC. A perfect device that can do nearly all things other devices can do without giving you so much as a small problem. And to think that it is just the second tablet PC Apple has developed, it sure is a giant leap for personal computing devices. But we are humans. Although we are not perfect ourselves, we expect for companies like Apple to produce perfect devices that no one can complain about, ever.
Playing the drums is a fun hobby. However, you need to remember that it?s also one of the most difficult musical instruments to learn. If you want to play drums like rock legends Travis Barker or Lars Ulrich, then you need to be ready to work hard and to practice a lot.
Also, you need to get proper lessons from a professional drummer. They will be able to teach you the basics of playing the drums and also teach you the right way to play the drums.
So, what do you need in order to get started?
First of all, you will obviously need a drum set or a drum kit. But before you go to your local music store to purchase a drum set, you need to keep in mind that as a beginner drummer, you don?t have to get a drum set with an elaborate set up. The basic drum set will do.
The basic drum set will include one bass drum, a snare drum, 3 tom-toms, a crash cymbal, and a hi-hat. You will also need a chair, a bass pedal, and drum sticks.
Next, you will need to get proper lessons. You can go for online lessons, or you can also hire a professional drummer to give you private tutorials or lessons. There are also DVDs and video CDs, which contain drum lessons that you can purchase.
If you base what you do on inaccurate information, you might be unpleasantly surprised by the consequences. Make sure you get the whole Play Drums story from informed sources.
There are quite a lot of DVDs and CDs today that can teach you about the different drumming techniques and how to learn it the easy way. There are even exercises that you can do in order for you to practice your dexterity and coordination, which are very important in drumming.
Now that you have the equipments you need as well as a professional drummer to teach you on how to play the drums along with the DVDs and CDs that contain drum lessons, the next step is to make sure that no one will be upset by the noise you make when you play your drums during lessons or during practice.
Try creating a quiet room. If you have the cash for it, you can convert an entire room to a studio complete with fancy soundproofing and high tech acoustic materials. If you don?t have the money for high tech soundproofing, you can still create a quiet room with a little ingenuity and elbow grease. To make your own quiet room, you can line the walls and ceiling of the room with egg trays and carpet scraps.
This is basically a cheap way to sound proof a room. And, it works just as well as a professionally made quiet room.
Or, you can also get cymbal mutes and drum practice discs. Although these things may still get your drum set to produce noise, the noise levels will be a lot lower.
So, unless you want your neighbors or the police banging at your door and complaining about the noise, you may want to do these mentioned sound proofing methods.
These are basically the things you need in order for you to get started in learning how to play the drums.
iPad ? A Kindle Onslaught, For Real?
The only way to keep up with the latest about Ipad is to constantly stay on the lookout for new information. If you read everything you find about Ipad, it won't take long for you to become an influential authority.
The pioneer in e-reading industry seems to have been beaten by a consolidated device that also delivers superb e-reading experience. But is the game over already between Amazon's kindle and Apple's iPad?
When Steve jobs presented the much-anticipated tablet PC, the iPad, during the formal launching of the product, he gave the nod to Amazon for pioneering and revolutionizing the electronic books industry. It was only a matter of time until he took an ominous tone that seemed to threaten to burn Kindle, for good. In Steve Jobs' words, ?We?re going to stand on their shoulders and go a little further.? And they have taken e-reading further.
iPad is not exactly an e-reader. It is a hybrid that hovers between a smartphone, a laptop, and in some incredible respects, an e-reading device. What it does exactly, no one can quite pin down. It houses a powerful software that can do anything from playing high definition videos to providing a superb gaming console and, well, everything else in between. E-reading capabilities included. At first glance, iPad seems to run away as a winner in many things. But when pitted against Amazon's Kindle, does it even stand a chance?
The heck it does. Take Steve Jobs' word for it. iPad is a device that can take technologies to much greater heights.
Retailing at $499 per piece, iPad does something more than a $249 Kindle can. It plays all sorts of media very well, it manages Instant Messaging platforms superbly, it allows seamless surfing of the web with the updated and better performing Safari, and has other capabilities that are apparently beyond the reach of Amazon's Kindle.
Now the obvious question, will consumers prefer a multi-functioning device that seems to have consolidated everything from smartphone capabilities to plasma TV capabilities ? yes ipad enthusiasts go so far as comparing the glossy multitouch screen of iPad to a plasma TV – to a device that only does one thing ? to serve as a platform for ebooks? More importantly, when Kindle's price go up, will consumers still buy it? Apparently, there are some Kindle die-hard fans out there who appreciate everything Kindle.
Kindle is Amazon's blockbuster for a good reason. It is quite simply the best e-reading device out there. It does what no other e-reading device out there does ? it takes e-reading experience to a realistic yet more convenient level. It is a no brainer that kindle is not as sophisticated as iPad and that exactly is the selling point for the device. It does house any entertainment applications so users can focus on what they are doing, that is to finish the books they are reading from cover to cover. It also has the slow refresh function which makes it hard for readers to jump from one page to another, making it virtually impossible to skip from one chapter of the book to the next.
Kindle is also much less heavier than iPad. It weighs no more than 1.2 pounds, which is pure convenience for long readers. Compared to iPad which comes at 1.5 pounds, Kindle does not pose any discomfort identical with users who have tried reading with iPad.
So it's a standoff?Apple's iPad has functions that Kindle doesn't even pretend to have but Amazon offers a specialized device that delivers on its promise. In the end, users will still have to decide. Do they need a toy that allows e-reading or an e-reader that does its work very well?
So now you know a little bit about Ipad. Even if you don't know everything, you've done something worthwhile: you've expanded your knowledge.
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Publisher: Ottenheimer, distributed by Price/Stern/Sloan.
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Stephen K. Carter, MD, a renowned oncologist who held a variety of executive positions in the pharmaceutical industry and played a major role in the research and development of many widely used cancer and AIDS drugs, died on November 14, 2016, after a long battle against multiple systems atrophy. He was 79. Steve's passing marks the end of an era: He was inspirational to a generation of oncologists.
In the spring of 1976, at the ASCO Annual Meeting in Toronto, those of us connected with the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) came together for a farewell party to Steve, as he was leaving for Stanford University after an impressive 10-year span at the NCI, where he rose to be CTEP's Director and Deputy Director of the Division of Cancer Treatment.
CTEP's mission, in fact, was forged by Steve Carter's enthusiasm and organizational skills in canvassing NCI resources toward coordinated efforts in clinical drug development, at a time when the pharmaceutical industry was not prominently involved in clinical trials. Steve was quick to recognize that a critical analysis of clinical studies and introduction of new drugs and new modalities were essential in making advances in cancer treatment.
Steve Carter became a prominent and dynamic figure in the global development of cancer chemotherapy, responsible for opening doors to young clinical investigators in the international arena. He capably represented the NCI and U.S. oncologic activities in various international collaborative exchanges. In 1985, after serving at the NCI and 6 years at the helm of Northern California's Cancer Program and Professor at Stanford, Steve joined Bristol-Myers—in 1989 renamed Bristol-Myers Squibb—in charge of oncology and HIV drugs. In this new role, he was instrumental in developing drugs to increase the armamentarium against cancer and AIDS and mentoring many junior colleagues. He maintained this role until stepping down in the late 1990s, while continuing to work as a consultant for emerging pharmaceutical development programs.
Steve received his BA in American history from Columbia University and his MD from New York Medical College in 1963. He completed his medical internship and residency at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York, where he became Chief Medical Resident. He went on to publish numerous papers and books on cancer treatment. In addition to his various positions in the pharmaceutical industry, in 1994, President Clinton named Steve to an 18-member panel of scientists, physicians, and advocates for patients with AIDS to help speed the search for new drugs to combat the virus that causes AIDS.
Steve had a lifelong passion for opera, classical music, and the theater. Steve was a voluminous reader, world traveler, political junkie, and dedicated sports fan. He will be remembered most of all as a generous, loving husband, father, and grandfather.
Gregory A. Curt, MD, former Clinical Director at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) and nationally regarded expert on translational oncology died on July 31, 2016. He was 64 years old. Dr. Curt received his MD with distinction in research from the University of Rochester School of Medicine in 1977. He completed his training in internal medicine as an intern and resident at the New England Deaconess Hospital and as a research fellow at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital, Harvard Medical School.
Dr. Curt completed his medical oncology training in the Medicine Branch of the NCI from 1980 to 1983, following which he coordinated the intramural NCI Phase I Cancer Drug Development Program. Dr. Curt served as Deputy Director of the NCI's Division of Cancer Treatment from 1985 to 1988, overseeing the Division's extramural research grant and contract portfolios. He was appointed Clinical Director of the NCI in 1989.
During his years as Clinical Director, Dr. Curt led the intramural program at the NCI increasingly toward translational research involving new therapeutic modalities including anticancer drugs, immunotoxins, and vaccines. He was awarded the Outstanding Service Medal of the U.S. Public Health Service in 1992.
Dr. Curt joined AstraZeneca Oncology in 2002 as Senior Director and Alliance Manager for the National Institutes of Health. Under his leadership, AstraZeneca created important new partnerships with the NCI in cancer drug development as well as cancer prevention and treatment including novel combinations.
Alfred George Knudson, MD, PhD, was internationally recognized for his "two-hit theory" of cancer causation, which explained the relationship between hereditary and nonhereditary cancer types, predicting the existence of tumor suppressor genes. Dr. Knudson died on July 10, 2016. He was 94.
Dr. Knudson was born in Los Angeles on August 9, 1922. After high school, he entered the California Institute of Technology in 1940. He originally planned on a career in physics, but after 2 years, he switched his major to biology, working in the laboratory of Thomas Hunt Morgan, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1933 for discoveries elucidating the role the chromosome plays in heredity.
During his time at Caltech, World War II broke out, and Dr. Knudson joined the Navy. An officer explained that they didn't need PhDs in genetics; the war effort needed doctors and engineers, and he advised Dr. Knudson to stay in school. He entered Columbia University, receiving his MD in 1947.
During an interview, Dr. Knudson said his initial interest in cancer did not come during medical school. "At that time, we had almost no instructions in cancer. You could either remove the tumor surgically or let people die. During my first year of residency at Cornell New York Hospital, I spent 1 month across the street at Memorial, which had a 20-bed pediatric cancer unit and no full-time pediatrician. I spent a month dealing with children with cancer, and it made a very deep impression. That was when I decided to work in the cancer field," said Dr. Knudson.
In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick published their famous paper on the discovery of DNA, which rocked the world, especially the world of the aspiring young geneticist. Dr. Knudson returned to Caltech to earn his PhD. While he was there, James Watson arrived to do work on RNA. It was a formative time in Dr. Knudson's career.
Dr. Knudson came to Fox Chase from The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, where he was Dean, and the MD Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute in Houston, where he specialized in pediatrics and biology. Previously, he was Associate Dean for Basic Sciences at the State University of New York at Stony Brook from 1966 to 1969.
He began his affiliation with Fox Chase in 1970 as a member of its scientific advisory committee, and it was there in 1971 that he did his seminal work leading to the Knudson Hypothesis, otherwise known as the "two-hit hypothesis." This now-confirmed theory advanced the understanding of errors in the genetic program that turn normal cells into cancer cells and guided later investigations by tumor geneticists and molecular biologists.
Dr. Knudson spent most of his career at Fox Chase Cancer Center, where he held several management positions, including that of President. Dr. Knudson and his wife, Anna T. Meadows, MD, who was a pediatric oncologist at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, collaborated on the study of the genetics of childhood cancer. [Dr. Meadows is profiled in this issue;].
In 1978, Charles A. "Mickey" LeMaistre, MD, was named President of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. During his 18-year tenure, MD Anderson became a world leader in outpatient care for cancer patients and the nation's largest ambulatory treatment and surgery programs in cancers. In 2015, Dr. LeMaistre was inducted into the Health Care Hall of Fame. Dr. LeMaistre died on January 28, 2017, in Houston, Texas. He was 92.
Dr. LeMaistre was born on February 10, 1924, in Lockhart, Alabama. At birth, his father gave him the nickname "Mickey," a sobriquet that Dr. LeMaistre preferred over his given name, Charles. His decision to pursue a career in medicine was due, at least in part, to an encounter with the medical world when, as a 10-year-old, he suffered a ruptured appendix while walking in the woods with his German Shepherd, Inga. He recalled the incident during an interview.
Dr. LeMaistre had an early interest in becoming a doctor and had planned on attending the Naval Academy in Annapolis, on an appointment from then Alabama senator, Lister Hill. But a week before entering the Academy, he suffered a serious eye injury that made him ineligible. Instead, Dr. LeMaistre attended the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa, the town where he moved with his mother and five older siblings after his father's death.
After receiving his undergraduate degree, he went to Cornell University, receiving his MD in 1947. Following graduation, Dr. LeMaistre stayed at Cornell as a faculty member, teaching and practicing medicine. In 1954, he left Cornell and joined Emory University in Atlanta, where he stayed for 5 years teaching in internal medicine and conducting a research program. While at Emory, Dr. LeMaistre started a department of preventive medicine; highlighting prevention would be the hallmark of his career.
Dr. LeMaistre left Atlanta in 1959 to become Professor of Internal Medicine at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School in Dallas. In Dallas, Dr. LeMaistre's crusade against cancer blossomed, as he was chosen as 1 of 10 members on the first surgeon general's advisory committee on smoking and health, which would author the landmark 1964 report that labeled tobacco as the leading cause of lung cancer.
In 1971, Dr. LeMaistre was elected Chancellor for the University of Texas Medical School and directed a huge expansion of the University of Texas system, which included new medical schools in Houston and San Antonio. In 1978, he assumed the presidency of The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. While serving at MD Anderson, Dr. LeMaistre developed a cancer prevention division that focused on epidemiology, behavioral sciences, and working with patients who had a family history of cancer. He also played a major role in expanding the center beyond Houston, bringing it to the community rather than requiring patients to come to the cancer center.
Dr. LeMaistre continued to play a role in the fight against cancer until his death.
Robert B. Livingston, MD, a pioneer in chemoradiation, died on September 8, 2016.
Dr. Livingston was an honored member of ASCO since 1975. He served the Society as Chair of the Nominating and Bylaws Committee.
Peter Nowell, MD, the Gaylord P. and Mary Louise Harnell Emeritus Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, died on December 26, 2016, in Newtown Square, Pennsylvania. He was 88.
Dr. Nowell searched for an expert on chromosomes in the area to work with and found David A. Hunger, of Fox Chase Cancer Center (then the Institute for Cancer Research). The seminal observation was made that certain leukemia cells had an abnormally short chromosome 22. In 1959, that mutation was described as the Philadelphia chromosome. Dr. Nowell and his codiscoverer had opened a heretofore-closed window, showing the first clear sign of a genetic cause of cancer.
Dr. Nowell was born in Philadelphia on February 8, 1928. He went to Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, receiving a bachelor's degree in biology and chemistry in 1948 and a medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1952. That same year, Dr. Nowell married Helen Walker Worst, and they had five children.
Dr. Nowell spent 2 years in the Navy during the Korean War studying radiation and bone marrow transplantation, after which he joined the University of Pennsylvania faculty in 1956. From 1967 to 1973, Dr. Nowell served as chair of the university's pathology department and as its cancer center's first director, now known as the Abramson Cancer Center at the University of Pennsylvania. He spent the rest of his career at the University of Pennsylvania.
Albert H. Owens, Jr, MD, a Johns Hopkins oncologist who played a leadership role in developing oncology as a scientific discipline and clinical specialty—and who also served as President of The Johns Hopkins Hospital—died on January 13 at the age of 90.
"Dr. Owens was not only a superb oncologist and mentor, but a first-rate gentleman," said David Ettinger, MD, Alex Grass Professor of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Until 1957, the prevailing thought was that since cancers develop in normal patients, they are not recognized as foreign by the immune system. That changed when Richmond T. Prehn, MD, and his laboratory assistant, Joan Main, showed that tumors induced by chemical carcinogens in mice could stimulate tumor-specific responses that were able to reject those same tumors on challenge. It was a paradigm shift in science, ultimately leading to the current boom in cancer immunology.
Dr. Prehn died at his home in Seattle on November 7, 2016. He was 93 years old.
Shortly after completing a general internship at the Philadelphia Naval Hospital, Dr. Prehn joined the laboratory of Howard B. Andervont, MD, at the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Bethesda. Early during Dr. Prehn's tenure, he accepted a commission in the U.S. Public Health Service and established his own independent laboratory at the NCI. During this period, he developed an interest in the possibility of immunity in relation to cancer in mice, although this line of inquiry was highly disputed at the time.
In 1955, Dr. Prehn received a request to discuss his work with NCI Director John R. Heller, Jr, MD. "After learning of my work, Dr. Heller, advised me, in no uncertain terms, to find some other interest with better prospects," Dr. Prehn said in an interview.
Undaunted, he left the NCI in 1956 and began a residency in pathology at the Public Health Service hospital in Seattle. However, the experiments he had done at the NCI proved successful, culminating in his groundbreaking 1957 paper with Ms. Main, "Immunity to Methylcholanthrene-Induced Sarcomas." On the basis of that paper, Dr. Prehn was offered an assistant professorship in pathology at the University of Washington in 1958. "That one paper was truly the foundation of my career," noted Dr. Prehn.
to become Fox Chase Cancer Center) in Philadelphia; 5 years as Director of the Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine; and 5 years as Director of the California Institute for Medical Research in San Jose. He then returned to the University of Washington, where he spent the rest of his career.
Dr. Prehn was a tireless researcher who always challenged scientific orthodoxy. In addition to leaving his mark on the promising field of immunotherapy, Dr. Prehn was a teacher who inspired many future medical scientists. He is survived by his wife, four children, and five grandchildren.
Daniel J. Sargent, PhD. Dr. Sargent died unexpectedly following a brief acute illness on September 22, 2016. He was 46 years old. With his death, the oncology community lost a leader in statistical research and cancer clinical trial design.
When Dr. Sargent's untimely death was announced, tributes poured in from colleagues and friends. Colleagues said he treasured his family and friends. He enjoyed traveling abroad and exploring new places with his wife and their children. He enjoyed the outdoors, downhill or cross-country skiing, hiking up north with his family, playing tennis, cheering on his children, Alec and Paige, during their tennis matches, or fishing and playing golf with his son.
Saul J. Sharkis, PhD, a scientist who studied the biology of blood stem cells and how they could be used to treat cancer through bone marrow transplantation, died on September 4, 2016. He was 72.
Dr. Sharkis was Professor of Oncology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and a faculty member in the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center for more than 40 years. A native of New York, Dr. Sharkis earned his master's and doctoral degrees from New York University. After completing his postdoctoral research at the National Naval Medical Center in Bethesda, he was recruited to the faculty of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine's Department of Oncology.
Dr. Sharkis was among the first to isolate and study hematopoietic stem cells. His research was important to the progress of bone marrow and stem cell transplants, as it helped reveal the mechanisms of engraftment. His work also uncovered the biology of stem cells, isolating and tracking a stem cell population to show that small numbers of stem cells can reconstitute bone marrow following transplant.
The ability to artificially alter DNA opens the door to new scientific understanding and treatments for various diseases. Oliver Smithies, PhD, made the crucial discovery that a disease-causing gene could be modified. For that and other groundbreaking work, he, along with two other scientists, was awarded the 2007 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. Dr. Smithies died on January 10, 2017. He was 91 years old.
Dr. Smithies was born in the industrial town of Halifax, West Yorkshire, England, on June 25, 1925, to William and Doris Smithies. A bout with rheumatic fever at age 7 left him with a mitral valve murmur, which precluded him from playing sports for several years; during this time, he learned to enjoy reading and problem-solving. Sometime before he was 11, he read a comic book in which the star character was a mad scientist. Dr. Smithies recalled that from that moment, he also wanted to be a scientist, but not of the mad variety.
In 1946, Dr. Smithies was awarded his BA in animal physiology and chemistry from Balliol College at the University of Oxford. He received his PhD in biochemistry in 1951, after which he was awarded a postdoctoral fellowship in the United States at the laboratory of J.W. Williams at the University of Wisconsin-Madison's Department of Chemistry. However, a visa problem forced him to leave the United States. He spent from 1953 to 1960 as an associate researcher in the Connaught Medical Research Laboratory at the University of Toronto, Canada. While there, he also learned genetics from Norma Ford Walker, PhD, at the Hospital for Sick Children.
Dr. Smithies returned to the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1960, where he worked in the Department of Genetics until 1988, when he assumed the position of Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He continued his work there until well into his 80s. It was there where he developed gene targeting of mice, a method of replacing mouse genes using homologous recombination, which is the basis to investigate the role of particular genes in the development of several human diseases, such as cancer. For this pioneering work, he was awarded the Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2007.
Thomas E. Starzl, MD, PhD, who performed the world's first successful liver transplant in 1967, died at his home in Pittsburgh on March 4, 2017, at the age of 90.
Dr. Starzl was born on March 11, 1926, in Le Mars, Iowa. His father owned the Le Mars Globe Post, and his mother juggled dual professions as a teacher and nurse. One of four siblings, Dr. Starzl originally set out to become a priest, but his career goals changed dramatically when his beloved mother died of breast cancer in 1947 at the age of 50. Dr. Starzl attributed his respect for the doctors who treated his mother throughout her illness as his inspiration to pursue a career in medicine.
As a boy, Dr. Starzl worked various jobs at his father's newspaper (then called a "printer's devil"), first as an apprentice who mixed tubs of ink and fetched type and then as a beat reporter. He would later attribute quickly sorting type at the newspaper as a task that helped build manual dexterity, which served him well in his surgical career. Despite growing up during the Great Depression, Dr. Starzl described his childhood as "normal." He excelled in high school academics as a star athlete on the school's football team and was a champion trumpet player.
After high school, Dr. Starzl served a year in the U.S. Navy, from 1944 to 1945, after which he obtained a BA from Westminster College in Missouri. He then attended Northwestern Medical School in Chicago, obtaining an MS in anatomy followed in 1952 by a PhD in neurophysiology and an MD with distinction.
Dr. Starzl then did an internship at The Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, a career-growing period from 1952 to 1959 of postgraduate surgical training. He acquired a wide range of surgical skills at the University of Miami and Northwestern University. During this period, his surgical and research trajectory began to form, especially during discussions with colleagues about the liver's double blood supply.
For Dr. Starzl, the key was whether hormone and nutrient-rich portal blood was important for optimal metabolism and liver health. These scientific explorations led the way for his groundbreaking work in organ transplantation. Between March 1 and October 4, 1963, Dr. Starzl attempted five liver replacements; all five patients died of multiple causes.
After 3 years of nonsurgical self-reflection, Dr. Starzl and his colleagues tried again. They first considered inserting a second liver, to function beneath the impaired one, as a possible route to avoiding the heavy bleeding caused by organ removal. But promising results obtained from liver surgeries on dogs could not be replicated in humans, and that avenue was abandoned.
Although there was enough success in the early transplants to keep hope alive, Dr. Starzl and other transplant pioneers realized that long-term survival would depend on preventing the patient's immune system from attacking the new liver. In the late 1970s, Dr. Starzl helped investigate cyclosporine to prevent liver rejection; after a series of trials at the Universities of Minnesota and Texas, cyclosporine won U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval in 1983.
During this period, Dr. Starzl also began investigating an experimental antirejection drug called FK-506 (tacrolimus), using it on a multiple-organ transplant patient in 1984. Tacrolimus went on to become widely used in transplant surgeries.
Dr. Starzl lobbied intensely for the use of tacrolimus, studying it and publishing his findings in the The Lancet in 1989; the FDA approved it in 1994. The use of tacrolimus led to a medical breakthrough for patients and to Dr. Starzl's appointment as Director of the University of Pittsburgh's transplant unit in 1990. Some years later, the transplant unit was officially renamed the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute.
Dr. Starzl remained active in research as Distinguished Service Professor at the University of Pittsburgh. He received numerous awards during his remarkable career, including the Lasker Award for Clinical Science in 2005. His memoir, The Puzzle People: Memoirs of a Transplant Surgeon, was named by The Wall Street Journal as the third best book on the lives of physicians.
In 2008, Roger Y. Tsien, PhD, shared the Nobel Prize in chemistry with Drs. Osamu Shimomura and Martin Chalfie for helping turn green fluorescent protein from a jellyfish into a research tool that could tag cancer cells or track the advance of Alzheimer's disease. "Our work is often described as building and training molecular spies—molecules that will enter a cell or organism and report back to us what the conditions are, what's going on with the biochemistry, while the cell is still alive," Dr. Tsien said during an interview. Dr. Tsien died on August 24, 2016, in Eugene, Oregon. He was 64.
Dr. Tsien was a precocious child who suffered from asthma, spending a lot of time indoors conducting experiments in his makeshift basement laboratory. A notebook he kept as an 8-year-old is now a part of the Nobel Museum in Stockholm, Sweden. He used the notebook to write his chemistry experiments. When he was 16, Dr. Tsien won first prize in the Westinghouse Talent Search with a project investigating how metals bind to thiocyanate.
Courage, determination, creativity, and resourcefulness were hallmarks of his character. He accomplished much. He will not be forgotten..


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Maximilian Guen (GLS '14) on Becoming a Media Entrepreneur
Co-founder of creative firm Magna Carta, Maximilian was named to Forbes' 30 Under 30 list in Marketing & Advertising and Media along with fellow NYU alumnus Matthew Firpo (TSOA '12). He spoke to us about his experiences at NYU, his inspirations, and working to change perceptions about the refugee crisis in Europe.
What did you study at NYU?
I studied Global Liberal Studies. Dean Fred Schwarzbach was the pioneer of GLS which married together an interesting mix of people with open minds to science, philosophy and the arts.
The fact that I have ended up in media is a prime example of its expansive focus. The subject of my thesis was "How to Manipulate the Mind using Visual Media."
What inspired you to co-found Magna Carta, a creative firm, with fellow NYU alumnus Matthew Firpo (TSOA '12)?
The environment of NYU and the energy of New York provided the inspiration. We realized that there was a gap in the media world and we wanted to create a company that acts as a pipeline for us and a small group of talented directors to constantly be creating and telling powerful stories across all mediums that are visual. We specialize in commercial, narrative, documentary and interactive content with the plans to develop a TV division.
Maximilian Guen: his story continues
How has the company grown since it was founded in 2012?
While still at NYU we took on our first client, which was Tinder in their early days. As they grew we continued to work with top companies in tech and otherwise. Since then, we've worked on commercial campaigns around the world with clients such as Chase, United Airlines, Snapchat, Paperless Post, Visa, and Sony Music. We have a team based in New York with a small office in London. We plan to continue to grow our unique roster of directors and production staff over the next few months. We are also currently expanding our narrative Film & TV department with some great projects in the pipeline.
What projects are you most proud of?
I wouldn't narrow it down to one thing, I get inspired by the idea of impacting people around the world everyday and changing their perceptions with the work that we do.
Can you tell us about The Refuge Project?
Refuge tells the human stories from the Syrian Refugee crisis. It was around November last year that Matthew and I started talking about this idea of taking our storytellers into the field to relate the human stories in an appalling crisis that is happening under our very eyes.
We built the project to be more than just a film but rather a multi-platform experience, called REFUGE. It is a film, a photo series, a book of essays, and most importantly a vehicle for raising awareness. We turned the events we held in NYC (at the French Institute Alliance Francaise), in London (at BAFTA), and in LA (at Anonymous Content) into multi-layered experiences. The engagement has been amazing, it has changed a lot of people's perceptions of the crisis and I hope that as many people as possible can watch REFUGE to spread the word.
You are on the UNICEF Next Generation NY Steering Committee. How did you get involved with UNICEF?
I was first introduced to UNICEF by the wonderful, and now co-chair, Leila Ladjevardian, and my sister Serena (GLS '13) who co-founded the London board of Next Gen.
Congratulations on being named being named to Forbes' 30 Under 30 list in Marketing & Advertising and Media. What advice would you give to current NYU students?
To this I'd say three things, first it is important to surround yourself with people that inspire you and not just in the same industry or focus. Inspiring people will expand your mind and push you to do your best.
Secondly, find your "thing." You have to find the "thing" that you are passionate about. The tricky part is that it can really be anything at all.
This then leads to the third point which is to have confidence and persistence. Once you stumble upon your "thing," you need persistence, you need to spend every waking hour, all day, everyday trying to become the best at it. The confidence part is mostly how you talk about what you're doing. If you believe in your idea and you speak about it in a way that excites people you will rally support and make your "thing" happen.
To find out more about REFUGE, visit this website: http://www.refugeproject.co/
Posted by Arts and Science Alumni Staff at 8:34 AM
Labels: Forbes 30 Under 30, global liberal studies, Magna Carta, Media, new york city, NYU, NYU Alumni, refugee crisis, UNICEF
Maximilian Guen (GLS '14) on Becoming a Media Entr...


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Little Sun x Mifuko #SustainableSummer Brings 600 Lamps to Kenya
In July, we introduced a project with Minna and Mari from Mifuko, a Finnish basket company who works directly with women's self help groups in rural villages and in small workshops in the cities of Nairobi and Mombasa, Kenya. From July 15th to August 15th, every Little Sun Original sold in our web shop and every 20 euros spent in Mifuko's online shop brought one solar-powered Little Sun Original to women of the Mifuko self-help group in Kenya. With your help, we were able to get 600 lamps to Kenya!
With the aid of Little Sun Original's beaming light, the women's group in Kenya have the chance to work on baskets and do household chores with more ease in the evenings. Alongside helping the women's group with getting their work done, the lamps also provide a source of clean energy for their children by not exposing them to kerosene lamps while they're trying to get school work done. We are so thrilled to actively work towards achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals, specifically SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) and SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) for this project.
Little Sun x Mifuko Collaboration: Kenya from Little Sun on Vimeo.
Alongside getting the lamps to Kenya, the first pilot of the Mifuko Ecological Sanitation Project was also launched! Here's an excerpt from Mifuko's blog post about the construction:
"The construction of the entire latrine building lasted around two weeks and required the shared effort of the entire planning and construction team (the children of the family were also very eager to participate and of great help). The preparation of construction materials began with the filling of the hundreds of recycled plastic bottles with sand, in which the local women's group also participated. Jane Mutala's family, on whose plot the first latrine was constructed, also prepared and burned the bricks for the latrine walls.
To read more about the project and Mifuko's mission, feel free to check out Mifuko's website for "work of hands and hearts."
Did you know that for every Little Sun product you purchase, you are not only getting a premium solar product for yourself, but you also make the same product available to someone without access to electricity at a locally affordable price?
Give the gift of clean energy.
Purchase Little Sun today.
#SustainableSummer –
Shopping for a good cause
Little Sun joins forces with Finnish designers Minna and Mari from Mifuko. From July 15 to August 15, every Little Sun Original sold in our webshop and every 20 Euros spent in Mifuko's online shop will bring one solar-powered Little Sun Original to the Mifuko self-help group in Kenya.
Olafur & Little Sun
on the Pathway to Paris
Olafur Eliasson and Little Sun will be at Pathway to Paris on November 5th at Carnegie Hall for a solar-powered sunrise to call citizens of the world to action!
Flashback Friday: Little
Sun at Burning Man
Little Sun made its way to Burning Man this summer! Here's a flashback to that moment.


Meet Catipilla – the innovative new way to build a cat tree that blends seamlessly into your home. Sleek and versatile, Catipilla can be used both indoors and outdoors and its array of health benefits make it the perfect fit for every cat.
Catipilla was inspired by Smudge, an 18-year-old house cat who was struggling to clamber into a ground floor window. Her owners, The Sutton Family, sort out a creative solution to help her get in and out home after refusing to drill holes in their door for a cat flap.
From wood and nails, the first Catipilla concept was born. The wooden platforms have since evolved into a durable, wall-mounted structure that encou- rages cats to climb naturally while saving space in the home. The Catipilla Pro and the Catipilla Mini feature high-quality, UK-manufactured pillars and adjustable tread plates that can be tailo- red to every cat's needs. Catipilla's range also includes an adjustable high plate and cat ham- mock, perfect for bird watching and catnaps.