text:
Franz Kafka: Parables and Paradoxes
Franz Kafka: Metamorphosis (1915)
When I was but thirteen or so
I went into a golden land,
Chimborazo, Cotopaxi
Took me by the hand.
- W. J. Turner, "Romance" (1920)
It wasn't quite like that for me. I'd have to rewrite it as follows:
When I was but fourteen or so
I went into a troubled land,
Josef K., Gregor Samsa
That "Romance" poem has always struck me as a bit off, in any case. That idea of the genocidal conquest of the Americas by the Spanish conquistadors acting as a cheap source of thrills for European romantics seems crass, to say the least. Though of course that may be the point that Turner is trying to make:
My father died, my brother too,
They passed like fleeting dreams,
I stood where Popocatapetl
In the sunlight gleams.
Clearly this "great golden dream" is not being endorsed as altogether a good thing.
Franz Kafka: The Castle (1927)
Most people start with The Trial, but in my case it was The Castle which first pulled me into Franz Kafka's sinister and baffling world. I had a mania for being "well-read" in those days, just after advancing to High School. I'd heard the phrase somewhere and was not yet canny enough to know what a fata morgana such an ambition could be. In any case, I read on the back of the Penguin edition pictured above that it was widely considered one of the most important modern novels, so that was enough for me.
Some things in it were immediately recognisable. The idea of being constantly, insidiously thwarted in everything you set out to do: that was familiar enough as a simple description of my everyday life as the last in line of four children - not to mention the youngest in my class at school. Other details of the book's background would not start to resonate with me until I finally visited Prague, many years later. I hadn't realised the extent to which the Castle there literally dominates the whole city.
Boris Stroujko: Prague Castle (1927)
It looks picturesque enough in the tourist photo above, but on a midwinter morning it can seem as grim and threatening as any Transylvanian peak. And of course 'the Castle' has always been shorthand there for the government, just as 'the Beehive' is for us. For a young Jewish man belonging to one of the subject races of the profoundly anti-semitic Austro-Hungarian Empire, seeing it glowering down on you can hardly have been a happy experience.
But there remains something mysterious and unknowable about Kafka's genius. Many writers before and since have expressed themselves in this fable-like, hyper-real manner, but there's a unique gravity and inevitability to the situations he creates. Jorge Luis Borges, Italo Calvino, Primo Levi - all have been influenced by Kafka, but none have surpassed him. Stories such as "Metamorphosis," "In the Penal Settlement," or (my favourite) "The Burrow" continue to speak to us more than a century after he wrote them.
Max Brod (1884-1968)
Though the situation isn't really as simple as that. The facts of his life have become, in their own way, as emblematic as his fiction. The story, after all, is a famous one. He died from tuberculosis at the age of 40, and left all his writings, both published and unpublished, to his friend and fellow-writer Max Brod, with the following request:
Dearest Max, my last request: Everything I leave behind me ... in the way of diaries, manuscripts, letters (my own and others'), sketches, and so on, [is] to be burned unread.
It depends on your own point of view on these matters whether it makes him a hero or a villain, but Brod ignored these instructions, and printed not only the three incomplete novels Kafka had been working on for so long, but also a mass of unpublished stories, letters, and other material.
Edwin Muir: An Autobiography (1954)
Posterity could be said to have vindicated Max Brod. Kafka's work has never been out of print from that day to this, and he would make any list of the top ten twentieth-century German writers with ease. Possibly his greatest influence has been exerted abroad, in translation, however.
Kafka had the good fortune to fall into the hands of one of Scotland's finest modern poets, Orkneyman Edwin Muir, and his wife Willa Muir (née Anderson), who gradually translated the three novels - The Castle (1930), The Trial (1937), and America (1938) - as well as most of the canonical stories - The Great Wall of China and Other Pieces (1933), and The Metamorphosis (1935) - into clear and elegant English prose.
Nigel McIsaac: Willa Anderson, Mrs Edwin Muir, 1890-1970 (1944)
There's no doubt that Willa was the superior linguist and the senior partner in the enterprise. Here's her own description of how it went, from her memoir Belonging (1968):
We divided the book in two, Edwin translated one half and I the other, then we went over each other's translations as with a fine-tooth comb.
Elsewhere in her journals, she clarified that he "only helped."
One can't help feeling that something in the lives and backgrounds of these two Scots in exile contributed to their instinctive understanding of Kafka. Though born in Montrose, on the mainland, Willa Anderson's parents were both born in the Shetlands, and she grew up speaking Shetland dialect as well as English.
Kirkwall, Orkney (2015)
Edwin, too, born in the Orkney islands, grew up speaking the Orcadian variant of Scots before being forced to move to Glasgow when he was fourteen. All of his work was dominated by this contrast between the 'Eden' of his earliest experiences, and the grimness and despair of life in an industrial slum.
Kafka, too, though Czech by birth, wrote only in literary German. His position as an outsider to the language in which he was forced to express himself can find parallels not only in the experience of the Muirs and other Scots writers, but also in that of Irish writers such as James Joyce and John Synge.
Franz Kafka: The Trial (1925)
It's become rather fashionable to denounce the work of these two pioneers, working (as they did) from inadequate texts, with insufficient information, in favour of the more scholarly efforts of later translators. Here's the first sentence of The Trial in the Muirs' 1937 translation:
Someone must have been telling lies about Joseph K., for without having done anything wrong he was arrested one fine morning.
Franz Kafka: The Trial: Definitive Edition (1956)
What was my surprise, on purchasing the (so-called) 1956 "definitive" edition of the novel, "revised, with additional chapter and notes, by Professor E. M. Butler," to find that this sentence had been recast as follows:
Someone must have traduced Joseph K., for without having done anything wrong he was arrested one fine morning.
"Traduced"! Of all the clumsy, latinate words one could possibly have selected! The simple expressiveness of that "telling lies about" is ruined, along with the entire rhythm of the sentence, out of pure pedantry. So much for Professor Butler as a prose stylist ...
But wait a second, you may interject at this point, what did Kafka actually say? The original opening sentence reads as follows:
Jemand Mußte Josef K. verleumdet haben, denn ohne daß er etwas Böses getan hätte, wurde er eines Morgens verhaftet.
A literal translation of this would read more or less as follow:
Somebody must Josef K. have slandered, because without that he anything wicked had done, was he one morning arrested.
Or, in more normal English:
Somebody must have slandered Josef K., because he was arrested one morning without having done anything bad.
Even "slandered" is better than that word "traduced" - but what's wrong with "telling lies about"? It's far more expressive, and brings the whole sentence to life.
Franz Kafka: The Trial: A New Translation Based on the Restored Text (1998)
The whole subject is discussed at length by Breon Mitchell, whose translation of The Trial was published in 1998. He's worried that both the Muirs and Butler fail to allow for the uncertain nature of that statement of Josef K.'s innocence. Their smoothing out of "getan hätte," a subjunctive tense, in his view renders too absolute the claim that he'd done no wrong. Mitchell's own version reads as follows:
Someone must have slandered Josef K., for one morning, without having done anything truly wrong, he was arrested.
"Truly wrong"! Not only is this a clumsy expression, but it also swings the pendulum too far in the opposite direction. Now we're being set up to regard Josef K. with a certain suspicion - thus obscuring the generally accepted point of Kafka's book.
Willa Muir: Imagined Corners (1931)
The Muirs were fascinating people, and they were already accomplished writers before turning to translation as a means of making extra income. Both wrote fiction, and memoirs, and they had a clear sense of just how a novel should work. You can't retain all the possible niggles of meaning in your own head, let alone in a phrase from a foreign language, when you're setting the tone for an entire narrative with your opening sentence.
Perhaps Breon Mitchell is right. I'm sure he knows far more about the German subjunctive - and the complex state of Kafka's texts - than I ever will. But he clearly doesn't know much about writing good English prose. His own sentence is clumsy, ill-balanced, and contains too many subordinate clauses. It's more use as a crib than as a translation.
It's interesting, too, how little this quibble over tenses seems to have influenced the other five or six translators who've made their own complete versions of The Trial. Were they all wrong? Or is it just a way of justifying monkeying around further with one of the most famous opening sentences in modern literature?
I'm sure that there are many things that require revision in these early translations, especially given the extra materials which have since been unearthed, and the inexorable succession of newly edited critical editions so beloved of German scholars (each new one requiring a new English translation, naturally).
Edwin Muir: Selected Poems (1965)
But don't criticise Edwin and Willa Muir for a lack of style. They'll run rings around you unless you, too, are in the habit of publishing original literary works on a regular basis. There are things you learn when constructing your own poems and stories which come as a great help when you're trying to make a translated author sound natural and idiomatic in a new linguistic matrix.
At least there's a certain fixity to these three novels, however. There are, unequivocally, three of them. Nor have the 'extra chapters' and 'abandoned drafts' which have been soldered more or less awkwardly into Brod's original versions from time to time altered the main lines of each of the narratives.
Franz Kafka: The Man Who Disappeared (1998)
There have, admittedly, been a few irritating attempts to alter the title of America (or Amerika, if you prefer) to some variation on its alternative name Der Verschollene [The Man Who Disappeared]. This culminated in Michael Hofmann's 1996 translation entitled The Man Who Disappeared (Amerika). Honestly, who cares?
The real issue for completists such as myself is the short stories. Or the sketches and short stories. Or the short stories, sketches, and parables. How many are there? How are they to be defined? Which editions have which of them? Are any of the various collections of them to date actually "complete"? What is a story - in Kafkaesque terms - anyway?
The whole thing started inoccuously enough. In his lifetime Kafka published three small collections of stories - or sketches - or parables. They are as follows (you can find complete, bilingual lists of their contents in the bibliography below):
Franz Kafka: Betrachtung (1912 [1913])
Betrachtung [Contemplation]. Leipzig: Rowohlt Verlag, 1912 [or, rather, printed at the end of 1912, but with a title page listing it as "1913," hence the use of both dates in different bibliographies]. A collection of 18 stories.
Franz Kafka: Ein Landarzt (1919)
Ein Landarzt [A Country Doctor]. Leipzig: Kurt Wolff, 1919. A collection of 14 stories.
Franz Kafka: Ein Hungerkünstler (1924)
Ein Hungerkünstler [A Hunger Artist]. Leipzig: Verlag Die Schmiede 1924. A collection of four stories, prepared for publication by Kafka, but published a few months after his death.
He also published the following stories, some of his most famous among them, in periodicals here and there:
Das Urteil [The Judgment] (1913)
Die Verwandlung [The Metamorphosis] (1915)
Der Heizer [The Stoker] (1913) [Included in Amerika (1927)]
In der Strafkolonie [In the Penal Colony] (1919)
You can find all of these "authorised" stories collected conveniently in the following volume:
Stories 1904-1924. Trans. J. A. Underwood. Foreword by Jorge Luis Borges. 1981. A Futura Book. London: Macdonald & Co, 1983.
After that, however, things get a bit more complicated. Max Brod found a great many stories among Kafka's papers, some of which he published in the volume Beim Bau der chinesischen Mauer [The Great Wall of China] in 1931. The Muirs translated it in 1933.
Franz Kafka: The Great Wall of China and Other Pieces (1933)
Successive attempts to publish the remainder of the stories resulted in a number of overlapping collections in English over the next couple of decades. Here's a selection of the major ones - three in the Secker & Warburg "definitive edition", and three similar but not identical collections in the Penguin Classics:
Franz Kafka: In the Penal Settlement (1949)
In the Penal Settlement: Tales and Short Prose Works. Definitive Edition. 1935. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. London: Secker & Warburg, 1949.
Franz Kafka: Wedding Preparations in the Country (1953)
Wedding Preparations in the Country and Other Posthumous Prose Writings: Definitive Edition. 1953. Trans. Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins. London: Secker & Warburg, 1954.
Franz Kafka: Description of a Struggle and The Great Wall of China (1958)
Description of a Struggle and The Great Wall of China: Definitive Edition. 1933. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir and Tania & James Stern. 1958. London: Secker & Warburg, 1960.
Franz Kafka: Metamorphosis and Other Stories (1974)
Metamorphosis and Other Stories. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1933 & 1958. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1974.
Franz Kafka: Wedding Preparations in the Country and Other Stories (1978)
Wedding Preparations in the Country and Other Stories. Trans. Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins. 1953. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978.
Franz Kafka: Description of a Struggle and Other Stories (1979)
Description of a Struggle and Other Stories. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir, Malcolm Pasley, Tania & James Stern. 1973. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979.
Between them, these two sets of three volumes contain virtually everything publishable from Kafka's Nachlaß, or literary remains.
The situation in the USA is quite different, however. There the diffusion of Kafka's short stories is dominated by two books, both compiled and edited by Nahum Glatzer. They are:
Parables and Paradoxes (Parabeln und Paradoxe). Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. Trans. Clement Greenberg; Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins; Willa & Edwin Muir; Tania and James Stern. New York: Schocken Books, 1961.
Franz Kafka: The Complete Stories (1971)
The Complete Stories. Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. New York: Schocken Books, 1971.
Between them, these two books contain virtually everything in Kafka's literary remains which could possibly be regarded as a 'story', including pieces taken from novel drafts, diaries, and other miscellaneous sources.
In the following list (cribbed mainly from the Wikipedia page devoted to Franz Kafka's Bibliography) you can see the inclusiveness of Glatzer's two collections:
[bold = included in Complete Stories (1971) /
underlined = included in Parables and Paradoxes (1961)]
Betrachtung [Contemplation] (1912)
Kinder auf der Landstraße [Children on a Country Road]
Die Bäume [The Trees]
Kleider [Clothes]
Der Ausflug ins Gebirge [Excursion into the Mountains]
Die Abweisung [Rejection]
Das Gassenfenster [The Street Window]
Der Kaufmann [The Tradesman]
Zerstreutes Hinausschaun [Absent-minded Window-gazing]
Der Nachhauseweg [The Way Home]
Die Vorüberlaufenden [Passers-by]
Der Fahrgast [On the Tram]
Zum Nachdenken für Herrenreiter [Reflections for Gentlemen-Jockeys]
Wunsch, Indianer zu werden [The Wish to be a Red Indian]
Unglücklichsein [Unhappiness]
Das Unglück des Junggesellen [Bachelor's Ill Luck]
Entlarvung eines Bauernfängers [Unmasking a Confidence Trickster]
Der plötzliche Spaziergang [The Sudden Walk]
Entschlüsse [Resolutions]
Ein Landarzt [A Country Doctor] (1919)
Der neue Advokat [The New Advocate]
Ein Landarzt [A Country Doctor]
Auf der Galerie [Up in the Gallery]
Ein altes Blatt [An Old Manuscript]
Vor dem Gesetz [Before the Law]
Schakale und Araber [Jackals and Arabs]
Ein Besuch im Bergwerk [A Visit to a Mine]
Das nächste Dorf [The Next Village]
Eine kaiserliche Botschaft [A Message from the Emperor]
Die Sorge des Hausvaters [The Cares of a Family Man]
Elf Söhne [Eleven Sons]
Der Mord / Ein Brudermord [A Fratricide]
Ein Traum [A Dream]
Ein Bericht für eine Akademie [A Report to an Academy]
Der Unredliche in seinem Herzen [Shamefaced Lanky and Impure in Heart] (1902) [Included in Letters to Friends, Family & Editors (1959)]
Beschreibung eines Kampfes [Description of a Struggle] (1909)
Gespräch mit dem Beter [Conversation with the Supplicant]
Gespräch mit dem Betrunkenen [Conversation with the Drunk]
Hochzeitsvorbereitungen auf dem Lande [Wedding Preparations in the Country] (1907-1908)
Der Heizer [The Stoker] (1913) [In Amerika (1927)]
Der Dorfschullehrer / Der Riesenmaulwurf [The Village Schoolmaster / The Giant Mole] (1915)
Blumfeld, ein älterer Junggeselle [Blumfeld, an Elderly Bachelor] (1913)
Der Gruftwächter [The Warden of the Tomb] (1916-17)
Der Jäger Gracchus [The Hunter Gracchus] (1917)
Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer [The Great Wall of China] (1917)
Die Abweisung [The Refusal] (1920)
Ein Hungerkünstler [A Hunger Artist] (1922)
Forschungen eines Hundes [Investigations of a Dog] (1922)
Eine kleine Frau [A Little Woman] (1924)
Der Bau [The Burrow] (1931)
Josefine, die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse [Josephine the Singer, or The Mouse Folk] (1924)
Die Brücke [The Bridge]
Der Kübelreiter [The Bucket Rider] (1917)
Der Schlag ans Hoftor [The Knock at the Manor Gate]
Der Nachbar [My Neighbour] (1917)
Eine Kreuzung [A Crossbreed]
Eine alltägliche Verwirrung [A Common Confusion]
Die Wahrheit über Sancho Pansa [The Truth about Sancho Panza]
Das Schweigen der Sirenen [The Silence of the Sirens]
Prometheus [Prometheus] (1917-23)
Das Stadtwappen [The City Coat of Arms]
Poseidon [Poseidon] (1920)
Gemeinschaft [Fellowship]
Nachts [At Night]
Zur Frage der Gesetze [The Problem of Our Laws]
Die Truppenaushebung [The Conscription of Troops]
Die Prüfung [The Test]
Der Geier [The Vulture]
Der Steuermann [The Helmsman]
Der Kreisel [The Top]
Kleine Fabel [A Little Fable]
Heimkehr [Home-Coming]
Erstes Leid [First Sorrow] (1921-22)
Der Aufbruch [The Departure] (1920-21)
Fürsprecher [Advocates] (1922)
Das Ehepaar [The Married Couple] (1922)
Gibs auf! [Give It Up!]
Von den Gleichnissen [On Parables]
Der Kaiser von Peking [Peking and the Emperor]
Die Chinesische Mauer und der Turmbau von Babel [The Great Wall and the Tower of Babel]
Das Paradies [Paradise]
Der Turm zu Babel [The Tower of Babel]
Der Schacht von Babel [The Pit of Babel]
Abraham [Abraham]
Der Berg Sinai [Mount Sinai]
Der Tempelbau [The Building of the Temple]
Das Tier in der Synagoge [The Animal in the Synagogue]
Der Wächter [The Watchman]
Das Kommen des Messias [The Coming of the Messiah]
Die Sirenen [The Sirens]
Leoparden in Tempel [Leopards in the Temple]
Alexander der Grosse [Alexander the Great]
Diogenes [Diogenes]
Der Bau einer Stadt [The Building of a City]
Der Kaiserliche Oberst [The Imperial Colonel]
Der Kaiser [The Emperor]
In der Karawanserei [In the Caravansary]
Die Zelle [The Cell]
Die Erfindung des Teufels [The Invention of the Devil]
Die Wilden [The Savages]
Der Grüne Drache [The Green Dragon]
Der Tiger [The Tiger]
Kuriere [Couriers]
Ein Geduldspiel [A Chinese Puzzle]
Robinson Crusoe [Robinson Crusoe]
Die Quelle [The Spring]
Die Unersättlichsten [The Hunger Strike]
Das Ziel [My Destination]
Franz Kafka: The Lost Writings, trans. Michael Hofmann (2020)
No doubt volumes such as the above - with its tantalising promise of "seventy-four pieces ... lost to sight for decades ... two of them [never] translated into English before," will continue to appear.
However, if you just want to read Kafka but have been unsure where to start - and you should: Kafka's shorter work is a revelation! - I'd advise either trying to obtain the two Nahum Glatzer edited collections mentioned above, or else the three readily available Penguin Classics compilations.
Unless you're lucky enough to be able to read German, that is, in which case you could probably content yourself with this:
Franz Kafka: Sämtliche Erzählungen (1970)
Franz Kafka (1923)
The Trial. ['Der Prozess', 1925]. Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir (1937). In The Trial / America / The Castle / Metamorphosis / In the Penal Settlement / The Great Wall of China / Investigations of a Dog / Letter to His Father / The Diaries 1910-1923. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir et al. London: Secker & Warburg / Octopus, 1976.
The Trial: Definitive Edition. 1925. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1937. Rev. E. M. Butler. 1956. London: Secker & Warburg, 1963.
The Trial. 1925. Trans. Douglas Scott & Chris Waller. Introduction by J. P. Stern. 1977. London: Picador, 1980.
The Castle. ['Das Schloss', 1926]. Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir (1930). In The Trial / America / The Castle / Metamorphosis / In the Penal Settlement / The Great Wall of China / Investigations of a Dog / Letter to His Father / The Diaries 1910-1923. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir et al. London: Secker & Warburg / Octopus, 1976.
The Castle: Definitive Edition. 1926. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1930. Rev. Eithne Wilkins & Ernst Kaiser. 1953. London: Secker & Warburg, 1961.
America. ['Amerika oder Der Verschollene', 1927]. Trans. Willa and Edwin Muir (1938). In The Trial / America / The Castle / Metamorphosis / In the Penal Settlement / The Great Wall of China / Investigations of a Dog / Letter to His Father / The Diaries 1910-1923. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir et al. London: Secker & Warburg / Octopus, 1976.
Amerika: Roman. 1935. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1985.
America: Definitive Edition. 1927. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1938. Rev. ed. London: Secker & Warburg, 1949.
The Man Who Disappeared (Amerika). 1927. Trans. Michael Hofmann. Penguin Twentieth-Century Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996.
Sämtliche Erzählungen. Ed. Paul Raabe. 1970. Hamburg: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1983.
I. Die vom Autor veröffentlichten Bücher
Betrachtung (1913)
Kinder auf der Landstraße
Entlarvung eines Bauernfängers
Der plötzliche Spaziergang
Entschlüsse
Der Ausflug ins Gebirge
Das Unglück des Junggesellen
Der Kaufmann
Zerstreutes Hinausschaun
Der Nachhauseweg
Die Vorüberlaufenden
Der Fahrgast
Die Abweisung
Zum Nachdenken für Herrenreiter
Das Gassenfenster
Wunsch, Indianer zu werden
Die Bäume
Unglücklichsein
Das Urteil (1913)
Der Heizer (1913)
Die Verwandlung (1915)
In der Strafkolonie (1919)
Ein Landarzt (1919)
Der neue Advokat
Ein Landarzt
Auf der Galerie
Ein altes Blatt
Vor dem Gesetz
Schakale und Araber
Ein Besuch im Bergwerk
Das nächste Dorf
Eine kaiserliche Botschaft
Die Sorge des Hausvaters
Elf Söhne
Ein Brudermord
Ein Bericht für eine Akademie
Ein Hungerkünstler (1924)
Erstes Leid
Eine kleine Frau
Ein Hungerkünstler
Josefine, die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse
II. Zerstreut veröffentlichte, nicht von Kafka in Bücher aufgenommene Erzählungen
Gespräch mit dem Beter
Gespräch mit dem Betrunkenen
Großer Lärm
Der Kübelreiter
III. Die Erzählungen aus dem Nachlaß
Beschreibung eines Kampfes
Hochzeitsvorbereitungen auf dem Lande
Der Dorfschullehrer
Blumfeld, ein älterer Junggeselle
Der Jäger Gracchus
Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer
Der Schlag ans Hoftor
Eine Kreuzung
Eine alltägliche Verwirrung
Die Wahrheit über Sancho Pansa
Das Schweigen der Sirenen
Das Stadtwappen
Zur Frage der Gesetze
Die Truppenaushebung
Der Geier
Der Steuermann
Der Kreisel
Kleine Fabel
Forschungen eines Hundes
Das Ehepaar
Gibs auf!
Von den Gleichnissen
Der Bau
The Great Wall of China and Other Pieces. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1933. Rev. ed. London: Secker & Warburg, 1946.
Longer Stories:
Investigations of a Dog [Forschungen eines Hundes]
The Burrow [Der Bau]
The Great Wall of China [Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer]
The Giant Mole [Der Riesenmaulwurf]
Shorter Stories and Fables:
The Hunter Gracchus [Der Jäger Gracchus]
The Married Couple [Das Ehepaar]
My Neighbour [Der Nachbar]
A Common Confusion [Eine alltägliche Verwirrung]
The Bridge [Die Brücke]
The Bucket Rider [Der Kübelreiter]
A Crossbreed [Eine Kreuzung]
The Knock at the Manor Gate [Der Schlag ans Hoftor]
The City Coat of Arms [Das Stadtwappen]
The Silence of the Sirens [Das Schweigen der Sirenen]
Prometheus [Prometheus]
The Truth about Sancho Panza [Die Wahrheit über Sancho Pansa]
The Problem of Our Laws [Zur Frage der Gesetze]
On Parables [Von den Gleichnissen]
A Little Fable [Kleine Fabel]
Aphorisms:
"He"
Reflections on Sin, Pain, Hope and the True Way [Betrachtungen über Sünde, Hoffnung, Leid und den wahren Weg]
The Metamorphosis / Die Verwandlung. 1935. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1968. New York: Schocken Books, 1974.
Two Dialogues (From a work later destroyed: 'Description of a Struggle' [Beschreibung eines Kampfes])
Conversation with the Suppliant [Gespräch mit dem Beter]
Conversation with the Drunken Man [Gespräch mit dem Betrunkenen]
Meditation [Betrachtung]
Children on a Country Road [Kinder auf der Landstraße]
Unmasking a Confidence Trickster [Entlarvung eines Bauernfängers]
The Sudden Walk [Der plötzliche Spaziergang]
Resolutions [Entschlüsse]
Excursion into the Mountains [Der Ausflug ins Gebirge]
Bachelor's Ill Luck [Das Unglück des Junggesellen]
The Tradesman [Der Kaufmann]
Absent-minded Window-gazing [Zerstreutes Hinausschaun]
The Way Home [Der Nachhauseweg]
Passers-by [Die Vorüberlaufenden]
On the Tram [Der Fahrgast]
Clothes [Kleider]
Rejection [Die Abweisung]
Reflections for Gentlemen Jockeys [Zum Nachdenken für Herrenreiter]
The Street Window [Das Gassenfenster]
The Wish to be a Red Indian [Wunsch, Indianer zu werden]
The Trees [Die Bäume]
Unhappiness [Unglücklichsein]
The Judgement [Das Urteil]
The Transformation [Die Verwandlung]
A Country Doctor [Ein Landarzt]
The New Advocate [Der neue Advokat]
Up in the Gallery [Auf der Galerie]
An Old Manuscript [Ein altes Blatt]
Before the Law [Vor dem Gesetz]
Jackals and Arabs [Schakale und Araber]
A Visit to a Mine [Ein Besuch im Bergwerk]
The Next Village [Das nächste Dorf]
A Message from the Emperor [Eine kaiserliche Botschaft]
Troubles of a Householder [Die Sorge des Hausvaters]
Eleven Sons [Elf Söhne]
A Brother's Murder [Ein Brudermord]
A Dream [Ein Traum]
A Report to an Academy [Ein Bericht für eine Akademie]
In the Penal Settlement [In der Strafkolonie]
A Hunger Artist [Ein Hungerkünstler]
First Sorrow [Erstes Leid]
A Little Woman [Eine kleine Frau]
A Fasting Showman [Ein Hungerkünstler]
Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse-folk [Josefine, die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse]
First Chapter of the Book Richard and Samuel, by Max Brod and Franz Kafka
Foreword [Vorwort]
The First Long Train Journey [Die erste lange Eisenbahnfahrt]
Epilogue (Publisher's Note)
Wedding Preparations in the Country [Hochzeitsvorbereitungen auf dem Lande]
The Eight Octavo Notebooks [Oxforder Oktavhefte]
Letter to His Father [Brief an den Vater]
Fragments from Note-books and Loose Pages
Paralipomena
Introduction by Edwin Muir to The Great Wall of China
Description of a Struggle [Beschreibung eines Kampfes]
The Refusal [Die Abweisung]
Poseidon [Poseidon]
The Vulture [Der Geier]
The Departure [Der Aufbruch]
Give it Up! [Gibs auf!]
At Night [Nachts]
The Helmsman [Der Steuermann]
The Top [Der Kreisel]
The Test [Die Prüfung]
Advocates [Fürsprecher]
Home-coming [Heimkehr]
Fellowship [Gemeinschaft]
Blumfeld, an Elderly Bachelor [Blumfeld, ein älterer Junggeselle]
The Warden of the Tomb [Der Gruftwächter]
Fragments of 'A Report to an Academy' [Ein Bericht für eine Akademie]
Fragment of 'The Great Wall of China' [Beim Bau der Chinesischen Mauer]
The Conscription of Troops [Die Truppenaushebung]
Fragment of 'The Hunter Gracchus' [Der Jäger Gracchus]
Postscript by Max Brod to the German Edition
Metamorphosis [Die Verwandlung]
An Everyday Occurrence [Eine alltägliche Verwirrung]
Homecoming [Heimkehr]
A Comment [Gibs auf!]
Parables and Paradoxes (Parabeln und Paradoxe). Trans. Clement Greenberg; Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins; Willa & Edwin Muir; Tania and James Stern . Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. New York: Schocken Books, 1961.
On Parables
An Imperial Message
Peking and the Emperor
The News of the Building of the Wall: a Fragment
The Great wall and the Tower of Babel
The Tower of Babel
The Pit of Babel
The City Coat of Arms
The Building of the Temple
The Animal in the Synagogue
Before the Law
The Coming of the Messiah
The Silence of the Sirens
Leopards in the Temple
The New Attorney
The Building of a City
The Imperial Colonel
In the Caravansary
The Invention of the Devil
The Hunter Gracchus + Fragment
The Vulture
The Green Dragon
The Problem of Our Laws
The Refusal
A Chinese Puzzle
The Truth about Sancho Panza
The Hunger Strike
The Complete Stories. Ed. Nahum N. Glatzer. 1971. New York: Schocken Books, 1976.
Two Introductory Parables:
Before the Law [from The Trial]
An Imperial Message [from "The Great Wall of China"]
The Longer Stories:
Description of a Struggle
Wedding Preparations in the Country
The Metamorphosis
In the Penal Colony
The Village Schoolmaster (The Giant Mole)
Blumfeld, an Elderly Bachelor
The Warden of the Tomb
A Country Doctor
The Great Wall of China + fragment
A Report to an Academy + two fragments
A Hunger Artist
Investigations of a Dog
A Little Woman
Josephine the Singer, or The Mouse Folk
The Shorter Stories:
Children on a Country Road
The Trees
Excursion into the Mountains
The Rejection
The Street Window
The Tradesman
Absent-minded Window-gazing
Passers-by
On the Tram
Reflections for Gentlemen-Jockeys
The Wish to be a Red Indian
Unhappiness
Bachelor's Ill Luck
Unmasking a Confidence Trickster
The Sudden Walk
Up in the Gallery
A Fratricide
The Next Village
A Visit to a Mine
Jackals and Arabs
The Bucket Rider
The New Advocate
An Old Manuscript
The Knock at the Manor Gate
Eleven Sons
My Neighbor
A Crossbreed
The Cares of a Family Man
A Common Confusion
The Conscription of Troops
The Helmsman
A Little Fable
Home-Coming
First Sorrow
The Married Couple
Give it Up!
Postscript, by Nahum N. Glatzer
Looking to See [Betrachtung]
Children in the lane [Kinder auf der Landstraße]
The spur-of-the-moment stroll [Der plötzliche Spaziergang]
Decisions [Entschlüsse]
The excursion into the mountains [Der Ausflug ins Gebirge]
The bachelor's lot [Das Unglück des Junggesellen]
The businessman [Der Kaufmann]
Wool-gathering at the window [Zerstreutes Hinausschaun]
The passenger [Der Fahrgast]
Dresses [Kleider]
The rebuff [Die Abweisung]
For jockeys to ponder [Zum Nachdenken für Herrenreiter]
The window on the street [Das Gassenfenster]
Wanting to be a Red Indian [Wunsch, Indianer zu werden]
The Stoker [Der Heizer]
The Metamorphosis [Die Verwandlung]
In the Penal Colony [In der Strafkolonie]
The new attorney [Der neue Advokat]
In the gallery [Auf der Galerie]
A leaf from the past [Ein altes Blatt]
At the door of the law [Vor dem Gesetz]
A mine visit [Ein Besuch im Bergwerk]
The householder's concern [Die Sorge des Hausvaters]
A case of fratricide [Ein Brudermord]
A report for an academy [Ein Bericht für eine Akademie]
A Fasting-Artist [Ein Hungerkünstler]
Josephine the singer, or The mouse people [Josefine, die Sängerin oder Das Volk der Mäuse]
Abandoned Fragments: The Unedited Works of Franz Kafka, 1897-1917. ["Nachgelassene Schriften und Fragmente", Vol. 1 of 2, 1992]. Trans. Ida Pfitzner. USA: Sun Vision Press, 2012.
Investigations of a Dog & Other Creatures. Trans. Michael Hofmann. New York: New Directions Press, 2017.
The Lost Writings. ["Nachgelassene Schriften und Fragmente", 2 vols, 1992-93]. Ed. Reiner Stach. Trans. Michael Hoffman. A New Directions Paperbook. New York: New Directions Publishing Corporation, 2020.
Die Aeroplane in Brescia [The Aeroplanes At Brescia] (1909)
[with Max Brod] Die erste lange Eisenbahnfahrt [The First Long Train Journey] (1912)
Eine entschlafene Zeitschrift [Review of Hyperion]
Ein Roman der Jugend: Felix Sternheim, Die Geschichte des jungen Oswald [Review of A Novel about Youth]
Über Kleist's Anekdoten [On Kleist's "Anecdotes"]
Franz Kafka: The Office Writings. Ed. & Trans. Eric Patton & Ruth Hein. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2008.
Diaries:
"Reflections on Sin, Pain, Hope and the True Way." ['Die Zürauer Aphorismen' oder 'Betrachtungen über Sünde, Hoffnung, Leid und den wahren Weg', 1931]. In The Great Wall of China and Other Pieces. Trans. Willa & Edwin Muir. 1933. Rev. ed. London: Secker & Warburg, 1946. 142-59.
The Zürau Aphorisms. Ed. Roberto Calasso. London: Harvill Secker, 2014.
The Diaries of Franz Kafka: 1910-23. ['Tagebücher 1910–1923', ed. Max Brod, 1948]. Trans. Joseph Kresh and Martin Greenberg with Hannah Arendt. 2 vols. 1948 & 1949. Peregrine Books. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964.
"The Eight Octavo Notebooks." ['Oxforder Oktavhefte', 1953]. In Wedding Preparations in the Country and Other Posthumous Prose Writings: Definitive Edition. 1953. Trans. Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins. London: Secker & Warburg, 1954. 54-156.
Letters to Milena. ['Briefe an Milena', ed. Willy Haas, 1952]. Trans. Tania & James Stern. 1953. London: Corgi Books, 1967.
Letter to His Father. ['Brief an den Vater', 1953]. Trans. Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins (1954). In Wedding Preparations in the Country and Other Posthumous Prose Writings: Definitive Edition. 1953. Trans. Ernst Kaiser & Eithne Wilkins. London: Secker & Warburg, 1954. 157-217.
Letters to Friends, Family and Editors. ['Briefe 1902–1924', 1959]. Trans. Richard & Clara Winston. 1977. Richmond, Surrey: Alma Classics Ltd., 2014.
Letters to Felice. ['Briefe an Felice und andere Korrespondenz aus der Verlobungszeit, ed. Erich Heller & Jürgen Born, 1967]. Trans. James Stern & Elizabeth Duckworth. 1973. With Elias Canetti: Kafka's Other Trial. 1969. Trans. Christopher Middleton. 1974. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978.
Letters to Ottla and the Family. ['Briefe an Ottla und die Familie', 1974]. Trans. Robert Boettcher (1982)
Brod, Max. Franz Kafka: A Biography. 1937. Trans. G. Humphreys Roberts. 1947. Rev. Richard Winston. 1960. New York: Schocken Books, 1973.
Janousch, Gustav. Conversations with Kafka. 1953. Rev. ed. 1968. Trans. Goronwy Rees. New York: New Directions, 1971.
Hayman, Ronald. K: A Biography Of Kafka. 1981. An Abacus Book. London: Sphere Books, 1983.
Pawel, Ernst. The Nightmare of Reason: A Life of Franz Kafka. 1984. London: Collins Harvill, 1988.
Calasso, Roberto. K. 2002. Trans. Geoffrey Brock. Jonathan Cape. London: Random House, 2005.
Posted by Dr Jack Ross at 10:21 am No comments:
Labels: Breon Mitchell, Edwin Muir, Franz Kafka, Max Brod, Michael Hofmann, Modern German novelists, The Castle, The Trial, Willa Muir
A Mann for All Seasons: The Magic Mountain
Hans W. Geissendörfer, dir: Der Zauberberg (1982)
[based on the novel by Thomas Mann]
As we move into the fourth week of our fourth COVID-19 lockdown up here in Auckland (still stuck at level 4, though the rest of the country has managed to escape into the relative comfort of level 2), I have to confess that I've been beguiling my enforced leisure rereading Thomas Mann's classic novel of sanatorium life, The Magic Mountain (1924).
Thomas Mann: Der Zauberberg (1924)
This is the third time I've read it. The first time (after a couple of false starts) was when I was still a teenager. I responded immediately to Mann's brilliant evocation of atmosphere in the opening couple of chapters, as his hapless hero Hans Castorp gradually succumbs to the charms of invalid life in the Swiss Alps.
After that, however, it got a bit more difficult. Each chapter was longer than the one before (no doubt by careful design on the part of the author), and the mass of detail about each of the characters and all of the footling ways they find to kill time up there in the rarefied, TB-intolerant air of the mountains, did rather drag at times.
Overall, though, I did feel a sense of achievement when I got to the finish - signalled, appropriately enough, by the outbreak of World War I. Nor was I blind to the allegorical significance of all of this elaborate life-avoidance given some of my other reading around the subject. It's the one thing everyone knows about The Magic Mountain, in fact - its function as a microcosm of the 'sick' society of pre-war Europe.
Thomas Mann: The Magic Mountain, trans. Helen T. Lowe-Porter (1927)
Twenty-five or so years later I read it again. The occasion was my finding a second-hand copy which included the author's late postscript to the novel. I was anxious to see just what he thought it was about, but - being a completist by nature - I thought it necessary to plough right through the whole thing again, all 700-odd pages of it.
The result was, I must admit, a little disappointing: even the charm of those early chapters seemed to have evaporated, leaving only a vast talky expanse of fairly obvious symbolism. The crucial chapter 'Snow', where Hans Castorp, caught in a snowstorm, has a vision of the ideal life (or is it? He wakes up abruptly just as it's shifting into nightmare), fell particularly flat for me at that point.
Gore Verbinski, dir.: A Cure for Wellness (2017)
['inspired' by Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain]
I'm happy to report that that has not been the case this time round. Maybe it helps to be in the middle of a huge, collective, world-wide feverdream. The old attraction was back, though whether I'll ever feel inspired to take the long road to the Bergdorf again remains to be seen.
In particular, I was struck by Mann's plaintive appeal, in his late Postscript to the novel, that readers should reserve judgement until they've read it through twice. I must be unusually dumb, because it took me three readings - I do now, however, feel as if I have some kind of a fist on just what he had in mind.
Thomas Mann: Joseph and His Brothers (1978)
That's not to say that this was the whole extent of my reading of Thomas Mann. I had quite a taste for what were then regarded as modern German writers in my teens, and read Franz Kafka (first), Herman Hesse (second), and finally Thomas Mann in as much depth as I was able, given the translations available at the time.
In particular I read all four of Mann's great novels - Buddenbrooks (1901), The Magic Mountain (1924), Joseph and His Brothers (1933-43), and Doctor Faustus (1947). I also read the four shorter, 'interstitial' novels which have attracted so much less attention: the rather silly Royal Highness (1909); the more brilliant Lotte in Weimar (1939 - US title: The Beloved Returns); the weird, late Holy Sinner (1951); and finally the unfinished Confessions of Felix Krull, Confidence Man, begun as a short story in 1911, and completed and published as the first instalment of a much longer novel in 1954, just before the writer's death.
Thomas Mann: Death in Venice (1912)
Quite likely, though, there's only one thing you associate with the name Thomas Mann: Death in Venice. Or, rather, the wonderfully dreamy 1971 Visconti film about - in the immortal words of Monty Python's "Elizabeth L" sketch - "the elderly poof what dies in Venice."
John Ruane, dir.: Death in Brunswick (1990)
It also inspired an even more inspired spoof about a pitiful mother's boy (played by Sam Neill) in the rather grotty Melbourne suburb of Brunswick, whose series of comic misadventures culminate in an abortive attempt to poison her with a cup of tea as she listens to her favourite record, the slow movement of Mahler's fifth symphony - yes, that leitmotif which keeps going all through Visconti's masterpiece. You can listen to it here.
Helmut Koopman: Thomas Mann (2005)
So who exactly was Thomas Mann? In the picture above, taken in Munich in 1900, you can see him taking a rather subordinate position to his elder brother Heinrich, also a renowned writer. The two would soon change positions, though.
A year later Thomas published his first novel, Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family, still regarded by Germanists as his main claim to fame, given its importance as a chronicle of the decline of the great merchant families of Northern Germany. It was probably the decisive factor in earning him the Nobel Prize for literature in 1929, and it certainly established him as something of a pundit among commentators on German culture and society.
All through the turbulent years of the First World War, the post-war famine, the Weimar Republic, and the turn to Right-Wing Nationalism in his native land, he continued to struggle with his complex fate: a bourgeois but also an artist, a patriot but also an internationalist.
Heinrich Mann's Grave in Berlin (2012)
Brother Heinrich, a thorough Francophile and critic of Prussianism - one of his early novels, Professor Unrat, was filmed as the Marlene Dietrich vehicle The Blue Angel (1930) - faced no such ideological struggles. So far as he was concerned, aggressive German nationalism was a form of mental illness, which needed to be exorcised thoroughly before Germany would be fit to take its place among the other nations of Europe.
In retrospect, it's hard to disagree with him, but the brothers fell out in 1914, and found it difficult to maintain more than an uneasy truce ever after, despite Thomas's eventual espousal of a not dissimilar position.
He wrote novels, short stories, and essays in abundance. Not all of them have been translated into English, but enough is available to give you a pretty good idea of his progress from Protestant Burger to ardent New Dealer. When Hitler came to power, Mann fled to Switzerland and subsequently to the United States, where he was welcomed with open arms as the embodiment of the purer manifestations of German Kultur.
Thomas and his wife Katia Mann's Grave in Switzerland (2005)
This marble-monument version of Mann does not really do him justice, however. His work is both diverse and perverse - by the standards of the time, at any rate. Visconti did not misinterpret the underlying themes of perhaps his greatest work, the novella Death in Venice. It's only one in a series of works which associate artistic inspiration with illness and deformity - a kind of leprosy of the soul which is nevertheless necessary to achieve such great heights.
Heinrich Breloer, dir.: Buddenbrooks (2008)
Mann was, of course, a contemporary of Sigmund Freud, and his ideas on the declining energies of great mercantile families - the first generation pirates and pioneers, the next generations consolidators and businessmen, and the generations after that neurotics and artists - were very much influenced by Freud's ideas on the debilitating tendencies of modern civilisation.
Among his other interests were psychic phenomena (he wrote an interesting essay called "Okkulte Erlebnisse" [An Experience in the Occult] about his own attendance at a séance with celebrated medium brothers Willi and Rudi Schneider). This, too, is one of the many influences which bore fruit in the later chapters of The Magic Mountain.
Is it his masterpiece? I would say so, yes. I greatly enjoyed reading the immensely lengthy Joseph and His Brothers, but it could be accused of a certain avoidance of contemporary phenomena. Amusingly enough, on one of my family visits to the UK, I discovered my 94-year-old Great-Aunt Morag ("It's a great age!") in the process of reading this vast, strange novel, which had been taken out of the library for her by my cousins under instructions to find her some religious books. She said she found it interesting, if a bit long-winded.
Thomas Mann: Doctor Faustus (1947)
Nor have I ever been able quite to fathom the exact point of Doctor Faustus, which others tell me should be regarded as his greatest work. I hope to remedy my deficiencies in this respect when I'm finally able, quite soon, to get hold of a copy of his book-length explication of it, The Story of a Novel (1961), however.
One thing's for certain, The Magic Mountain has nothing whatsoever to do with the Gore Verbinski horror film A Cure for Wellness, despite the director and screenwriter's claims to the contrary. Much though I enjoyed this film, I couldn't honestly see any kinship between their respective projects, apart from the fact that both stories take place at sanatoria in the Swiss Alps.
I certainly do recommend Thomas Mann, though. In certain moods - when one has a lot of time on one's hands - his complex, intertwined narrative style is just what the doctor ordered. And his subject matter is anything but predictable and traditional.
'Polymorphous perversity', Freud's term for infantile sexuality, fits most of his heroes better than other, more conventional descriptions. Mann himself, though on the one hand a bourgeois family man, had another side which required a series of passionate male friendships. Doing justice to these two aspects of himself explains a good deal of his oeuvre.
In the late 1930s his actress daughter Erika required an English passport, having run into difficulties as a 'stateless person' due to her left-wing political affiliations. At the recommendation of Mann family friend Christopher Isherwood, W. H. Auden was asked to marry her in order to secure her a passport. 'Delighted,' he telegraphed in reply, and British nationality for her was duly obtained.
Some years later a photograph of Thomas Mann and his extended family was being taken for a feature article in America, and the journalist enquired just what Mr. Isherwood's connection with the Manns might be? "Family pimp," growled Thomas.
If you do start into his labyrinth, beware!
Carl Mydans: Thomas Mann and family (1939)
l-to-r: Christopher Isherwood, W. H. Auden, Erika Mann, Thomas Mann, Katia Mann, Monika Mann, Klaus Mann
Thomas Mann (1937)
Paul Thomas Mann
Thomas Mann: Buddenbrooks (1901)
Buddenbrooks – Verfall einer Familie (1901)
Buddenbrooks: The Decline of a Family. 1902. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1924. London: Secker & Warburg, 1947.
Königliche Hoheit (1909)
Royal Highness. 1909. Trans. A. Cecil Curtis. 1926. Rev. Constance McNab. 1962. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979.
Der Zauberberg (1924)
The Magic Mountain. 1924. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1928. London: Secker & Warburg, 1948.
The Magic Mountain: With a Postscript by the Author on The Making of the Novel. 1924. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1928. London: Nationwide Book Service, 1979.
Joseph und seine Brüder (1933-1943)
Die Geschichten Jaakobs (1933)
Der junge Joseph (1934)
Joseph in Ägypten (1936)
Joseph, der Ernährer (1943)
Joseph and His Brothers. ['The Stories of Jacob' (1933); 'Young Joseph' (1934); 'Joseph in Egypt' (1936); 'Joseph the Provider' (1943)]. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1948. London: Secker & Warburg, 1956.
Joseph and His Brothers. ['The Stories of Jacob' (1933); 'Young Joseph' (1934); 'Joseph in Egypt' (1936); 'Joseph the Provider' (1943)]. Trans. Helen T. Lowe-Porter. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1978.
Lotte in Weimar (1939)
Lotte in Weimar. 1939. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. London: Secker & Warburg, 1940.
Doktor Faustus (1947)
Doctor Faustus: The Life of the German Composer Adrian Leverkühn as Told by a Friend. 1947. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1949. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1968.
Der Erwählte (1951)
The Holy Sinner. 1951. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1952. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965.
Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull. Der Memoiren erster Teil (1911 / 1954)
Confessions of Felix Krull, Confidence Man: Memoirs Part I. 1954. Trans. Denver Lindley. 1955. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1973.
Thomas Mann: Lotte in Weimar (1939)
[Included in Stories of a Lifetime. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1961);
included in Six Early Stories. Trans. Peter Constantine (1997)]
Gefallen (1894)
Der Wille zum Glück [The Will to Happiness] (1896)
Enttäuschung [Disillusionment] (1896)
Der kleine Herr Friedemann [Little Herr Friedemann] (1896)
Der Tod [Death] (1897)
Der Bajazzo [The Dilettante] (1897)
Gerächt [Avenged] (1897)
Luischen [Little Lizzy] (1897 / 1900)
Tobias Mindernickel (1898)
Der Kleiderschrank [The Wardrobe] (1899)
Der Weg zum Friedhof [The Way to the Churchyard] (1900)
Die Hungernden [The Hungry] (1903)
Das Wunderkind [The Child Prodigy] (1903)
Ein Glück [A Gleam] (1904)
Beim Propheten [At the Prophet's] (1904)
Schwere Stunde [A Weary Hour] (1905)
Wӓlsungenblut [The Blood of the Walsungs] (1905)
Das Eisenbahnunglück [The Railway Accident] (1907)
Anekdote [Anecdote] (1908)
Wie Jappe und Do Escobar sich prügelten [The Fight between Jappe and Do Escobar] (1911)
Bekenntnisse des Hochstaplers Felix Krull [Felix Krull] (1911 / 1922)
Fiorenza [Florence] (1905)
Novellas:
Gladius Dei (1902)
Tristan (1903)
Tonio Kröger (1903)
Der Tod in Venedig [Death in Venice] (1912)
Herr und Hund [A Man and His Dog / Bashan and I] (1918)
Unordnung und frühes Leid [Disorder and Early Sorrow] (1925)
Mario und der Zauberer [Mario and the Magician] (1930)
Die vertauschten Köpfe – Eine indische Legende [The Transposed Heads] (1940)
Das Gesetz [The Tables of the Law] (1944)
Die Betrogene: Erzählung [The Black Swan] (1954)
Thomas Mann: Death in Venice / Tristan / Tonio Kröger (1972)
Die Erzählungen, Erster Band. 2 vols. 1975. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1981.
Der Wille zum Glück (1896)
Enttäuschung (1896)
Der Tod (1897)
Der kleine Herr Friedemann (1896)
Der Bajazzo (1897)
Gerächt (1897)
Luischen (1897 / 1900)
Der Kleiderschrank (1899)
Der Weg zum Friedhof (1900)
Die Hungernden (1903)
Das Wunderkind (1903)
Ein Glück (1904)
Beim Propheten (1904)
Schwere Stunde (1905)
Wӓlsungenblut (1905)
Anekdote (1908)
Das Eisenbahnunglück (1907)
Wie Jappe und Do Escobar sich prügelten (1911)
Der Tod in Venedig (1912)
Die Erzählungen, Zweiter Band. 2 vols. 1975. Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, 1983.
Herr und Hund (1918)
Unordnung und frühes Leid (1925)
Mario und der Zauberer (1930)
Die vertauschten Köpfe – Eine indische Legende (1940)
Das Gesetz (1944)
Die Betrogene: Erzählung (1954)
Fiorenza (1905)
Gesang vom Kindchen: Idylle (1919)
Stories of Three Decades. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. The Modern Library. New York: Random House, Inc., 1936.
Little Herr Friedemann (1897)
Disillusionment (1896)
The Dilettante (1897)
Little Lizzy (1897)
The Wardrobe (1899)
The Way to the Churchyard (1901)
The Hungry (1903)
The Infant Prodigy (1903)
A Gleam (1904)
At the Prophet's (1904)
A Weary Hour (1905)
The Blood of the Walsungs (1905)
Railway Accident (1907)
The Fight between Jappe and Do Escobar (1911)
Felix Krull (1911)
Death in Venice (1912)
A Man and His Dog (1918)
Disorder and Early Sorrow (1925)
Mario and the Magician (1929)
Stories of a Lifetime: The Collected Stories. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. 1936. Vol. 1 of 2. Mercury Books 8. London: The Heinemann Group of Publishers, 1961.
The Transposed Heads (1940)
The Tables of the Law (1944)
Thomas Mann: Six Early Stories (1997)
Six Early Stories. Trans. Peter Constantine (1997)
A Vision: Prose Sketch (1893)
Fallen (1894)
The Will to Happiness (1896)
Avenged: Study for a Novella (1897)
Anecdote (1908)
Thomas Mann: Three Essays (1929)
Three Essays. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1929)
Friedrich und die große Koalition [Frederick and the Great Coalition] (1915)
Goethe und Tolstoi [Goethe and Tolstoy] (1922)
Okkulte Erlebnisse [An Experience in the Occult] (1924)
Past Masters and Other Papers. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1933)
An Exchange of Letters. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1937)
Freud, Goethe, Wagner. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter & Rita Matthias-Rail (1937)
The Coming Victory of Democracy. Trans. Agnes E. Meyer. 1938. London: Secker & Warburg, 1938.
This Peace. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1938)
This War. Trans. Eric Sutton (1940)
Order of the Day: Political Essays and Speeches of Two Decades. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter, Agnes E. Meyer & Eric Sutton (1942)
Listen, Germany! Twenty-Five Radio Messages to the German People over the BBC (1943)
Essays of Three Decades. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter. London: Secker & Warburg, 1947.
Goethe's Faust (1938)
Goethe's Career As a Man of Letters (1932)
Goethe as Representative of the Bourgeois Age (1932)
Goethe and Tolstoy (1922)
Lessing (1929)
Kleist's Amphitryon (1926)
Chamisso (1911)
Platen (1930)
Theodor Storm (1930)
The Old Fontane (1910)
Sufferings and Greatness of Richard Wagner (1933)
Richard Wagner and the Ring (1937)
Schopenhauer (1938)
Freud and the Future (1936)
Voyage with Don Quixote (1934)
Last Essays. Trans. Richard & Clara Winston and Tania & James Stern. 1958. London: Secker & Warburg, 1959.
On Schiller
Fantasy on Goethe
Nietzsche's Philosophy in the Light of Recent History
Chekhov
Appendix: 'A Weary Hour'. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1905)
A Sketch of My Life. ['Lebensabriß', 1930]. Trans. H. T. Lowe-Porter (1960)
The Story of a Novel: The Genesis of Doctor Faustus. Trans. Richard & Clara Winston (1961)
Reflections of a Nonpolitical Man / Thoughts in Wartime / On the German Republic. ['Betrachtungen eines Unpolitischen', 1918; 'Gedanken im Kriege' (1914); 'Von deutscher Republik', 1922]. Trans. Walter D. Morris, Mark Lilla and Cosima Mattner, Lawrence Rainey. Introduction by Mark Lilla. New York: New York Review Books, 2021.
Thomas Mann: Doctor Faustus / The Story of a Novel (1947 / 1961)
Diaries 1918-1939: 1918-1921; 1933-1939. Ed. Hermann Kesten. 1977-80. Trans. Richard & Clara Winston. 1982. London: Robin Clark, 1984.
Letters of Thomas Mann, 1889-1955. Ed. & Trans. Richard & Clara Winston. 2 vols. 1970. Penguin Modern Classics. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1975.
Carlsson, Anni & Volker Michels, ed. The Hesse-Mann Letters: The Correspondence of Hermann Hesse and Thomas Mann, 1910-1955. 1968. Trans. Ralph Manheim. Foreword by Theodore Ziolkowski. 1975. London: Peter Owen, 1976.
The Hesse-Mann Letters (1976)
Posted by Dr Jack Ross at 9:12 am 1 comment:
Labels: Christopher Isherwood, Death in Venice, Modern German novelists, The Magic Mountain, Thomas Mann, W. H. Auden
Seven Stages of Book Collecting


text:
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The Universe - 7 Wonders of the Solar System in 3D | Blu Ray | (21/03/2011) from £12.98 | Saving you £7.01 (35.10%) | RRP £19.99
Mankind's fascination with the stars has always relied on and fuelled our passion for technology. From the earliest telescopes observatories and astronomical charts to satellites space stations and the Hubble telescope we have strived to develop the tools to explore the furthest reaches of the night sky. And now with the development of 3D technology viewers are invited to take one giant leap into the world of wonder that lies beyond Planet Earth. Visit the rings of Saturn dive into the Great Red Spot of Jupiter explore the surface of the Sun and fly through the Asteroid Belt as you take a tour you'll never forget through the seven wonders of the solar system.
Tron Legacy (Blu-ray 3D + 2D Blu-ray + Digital Copy) | Blu Ray | (18/04/2011) from £9.99 | Saving you £18.00 (60.00%) | RRP £29.99
Disney presents a high-tech motion picture unlike anything you've ever seen. Immerse yourself in the digital world of Tron as celebrated actor Jeff Bridges stars in a revolutionary visual effects adventure beyond imagination. When Flynn the world's greatest video game creator sends out a secret signal from an amazing digital realm his son discovers the clue and embarks on a personal journey to save his long-lost father. With the help of the fearless female warrior Quorra father and son venture through an incredible cyber universe and wage the ultimate battle of good versus evil. Bring home an unrivaled entertainment experience with Tron: Legacy - complete with never-before-seen bonus features that take you even deeper into the phenomenal world of Tron.
Mad Dogs - Series 2 | DVD | (12/03/2012) from £3.63 | Saving you £11.50 (71.90%) | RRP £15.99
In an attempt to rescue their friend, the boys enter into a Faustian pact involving drugs, money, witchcraft and goats. How far would you go for your friends, not least when you can't remember why you liked them in the first place? Mad Dogs madness prevails in what is becoming the worst holiday of anyone's lifetime.
Gulliver's Travels (Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray) | Blu Ray | (17/09/2012) from £6.49 | Saving you £23.50 (78.40%) | RRP £29.99
Gulliver's Travels is about as marginal as the trailers suggest; it's a tepidly entertaining, irreverent, and sometimes crass comedy starring Jack Black that takes some gigantic liberties with Jonathan Swift's classic story about the land of Lilliput and its tiny inhabitants. Mailroom loser Lemuel Gulliver (Jack Black) is stuck in a dead-end job and living a dead-end life until the promotion of a fellow employee spurs him to speak up and take action. While a trip to the Bermuda Triangle may not be the date with crush Darcy Silverman (Amanda Peet) that Gulliver had envisioned, the voyage promises to take his career in a new direction, and it eventually delivers him to a kingdom known as Lilliput, which is populated by miniature people. After initially being captured and locked away in a dungeon, Gulliver wins the hearts of the Lilliputian people by saving their princess (Emily Blunt) from being kidnapped and rescuing their king (Billy Connolly) from a fire in a most unorthodox and unsavoury way, and he quickly finds himself in a position of gigantic influence. Problem is, Gulliver is completely unprepared and unqualified for his new leadership roles, both on the personal and professional levels, and his ineptitude puts himself and all of Lilliput in extreme danger. Grade-school humour abounds in this fairly mindless film, something Jack Black always excels at, but viewers will find that the chuckles and the message about the power of believing in oneself fade equally as fast as the credits roll. (Ages 9 and older) --Tami Horiuchi
StreetDance 2 3D (Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray) | Blu Ray | (23/07/2012) from £8.98 | Saving you £14.01 (60.90%) | RRP £22.99
To beat the world's best dance crew, streetdancer Ash (Falk Hentshel), with new friend Eddie (George Sampson), set off to gather the greatest streetdancers from around Europe, falling in love with beautiful salsa dancer Eva (Sofia Boutella) in Paris. With landmark locations, the most spectacular dance fusion of Latin and Street ever seen and featuring streetdance legends Flawless and Akai, the sequel to global smash hit StreetDance is bigger, better, bolder and back!
Rainforest 3D (Blu-ray 3D + Blu Ray) | Blu Ray | (28/05/2012) from £4.99 | Saving you £15.00 (75.00%) | RRP £19.99
EXPLORE THE HEART OF THE JUNGLE! This stunning film transports you deep into the awe-inspiring Rainforest. Join scientists, as they visit Barro Colorado Island in the centre of the Panama Canal, travelling deep into nature's most stunning habitats and there you will meet the beautiful, dangerous and most intriguing of Mother Nature's creatures. Follow the human drama and the wildlife action, as the dedicated and courageous team push themselves to the limit to gather data that could not only provide vital information about the future of our planet, but also save the rainforest and all that lives in it! Enjoy this incredible journey in this 3D adventure as you are taken into the heart, and made privy to the secrets, of the Rainforest!
Sharks (Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray) | Blu Ray | (21/12/2010) from £3.92 | Saving you £21.07 (84.30%) | RRP £24.99
Originally presented in IMAX 3D theatres. They were ruling the seas before dinosaurs roamed the earth. Presented by Jean-Michel Cousteau Sharks 3D is a breathtaking film experience that offers audiences an astonishing up-close encounter with the Lions and Tigers of the Ocean Come face-to-face with a multitude of shark species including the Great White Hammerhead and Whale Shark. Witness them as they really are: not wicked man-eating creatures but wild fascinating and endangered animals that have been in existence millions of years before dinosaurs roamed the earth..
Conan the Barbarian (Blu-ray 3D) | Blu Ray | (12/12/2011) from £9.21 | Saving you £12.50 (50.00%) | RRP £24.99
The legendary Conan The Barbarian stars 'Game of Thrones's Jason Momoa and Avatar's Stephen Lang. From the producers of The Expendables comes a visual spectacular that brings the fabled action hero Conan to life like never before! Based on the character created by Robert E. Howard, Conan was born on the battlefield. From those bloodsoaked beginnings, Conan is destined to venture into an unforgiving world after his father is brutally murdered and his village destroyed. As Conan battles his way through a treacherous world of monsters, sorceresses' and bloodthirsty enemies, he chances upon Khalar Zym - the warlord responsible for his tribe's destruction. And so Conan's quest for true revenge begins... Also starring Ron Perlman and Rose McGowan. Conan The Barbarian Blu-ray includes the feature as both 2D and 3D formats. To watch the 3D version you must have a fully capable 3D HDTV, a 3D compatible blu-ray player, and 3D glasses (not included).
Captain America: The First Avenger (Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy) | Blu Ray | (05/12/2011) from £48.58 | Saving you £-18.59 (-62.00%) | RRP £29.99
Captain America leads the fight for freedom in the action-packed blockbuster starring Chris Evans as the ultimate weapon against evil! When a terrifying force threatens everyone across the globe, the world's greatest soldier wages war on the evil HYDRA organization, led by the villainous Red Skull (Hugo Weaving, The Matrix).
Code Geass: Lelouch Of The Rebellion - Complete Season 1 | Blu Ray | (21/01/2013) from £29.99 | Saving you £10.00 (25.00%) | RRP £39.99
Happy Feet 2/Yogi Bear/Legend Of The Guardians Triple Pack (Blu-Ray 3D) | Blu Ray | (08/10/2012) from £18.67 | Saving you £12.73 (40.50%) | RRP £31.4
Happy Feet 2 The sequel to Happy Feet, the Academy Award-winning animated smash hit, Happy Feet Two returns audiences to the magnificent landscape of Antarctica. Mumble, The Master of Tap, has a problem because his tiny son, Erik, is choreo-phobic. Reluctant to dance, Erik runs away and encounters The Mighty Sven - a penguin who can fly! Mumble has no hope of competing with this charismatic new role model. But things get worse when the world is shaken by powerful forces...
How To Train Your Dragon 3D (Blu-ray 3D + Blu ray + DVD) | Blu Ray | (05/12/2011) from £48.58 | Saving you £-18.59 (-62.00%) | RRP £29.99
From the creators of Shrek, Madagascar and Kung Fu Panda come How To Train Your Dragon, an animated adventure comedy set in a mythical world of burly vikings and wild dragons, based on the book by Cressida Cowell.The story centres around a viking teenager, who lives on the island of Berk, where fighting dragons is a way of life. Initiation is coming, and this is his one chance to prove his worthiness to his tribe and father. But when he encounters, and ultimately befriends, an injured dragon, his world is turned upside down.
Open Season 3D | Blu Ray | (22/11/2010) from £4.76 | Saving you £20.23 (81.00%) | RRP £24.99
Boyz 'n the Wood Boog a domesticated 900lb. Grizzly bear finds himself stranded in the woods 3 days before Open Season. Forced to rely on Elliot a fast-talking mule deer the two form an unlikely friendship and must quickly rally other forest animals if they are to create a rag-tag army against the hunters.
Bolt 3D | Blu Ray | (08/11/2010) from £11.99 | Saving you £14.00 (53.90%) | RRP £25.99
For super-dog Bolt (John Travolta) every day is filled with adventure danger and intrigue at least until the cameras stop rolling. When the star of a hit TV show is accidentally shipped from his Hollywood soundstage to New York City he begins his biggest adventure yet a cross-country journey through the real world. Armed only with the delusions that all his amazing feats and powers are real and with the help of two unlikely traveling companions: a jaded abandoned housecat named Mittens (Susie Essman) and a TV-obsessed hamster in a plastic ball named Rhino Bolt discovers he doesnt need superpowers to be a hero.
Monsters Vs Aliens 3D (Blu-ray 3D + Blu ray + DVD) | Blu Ray | (05/12/2011) from £9.99 | Saving you £17.00 (63.00%) | RRP £26.99
Co-directors of Shrek 2 and Shark Tale team up for Monsters VS Aliens, a fantastic adventure that combines B-movie nostalgia with futuristic technology to create a 3-D animated adventure for the whole family. When an alien attacks the earth, the monsters must step up and become heroes to rescue humanity. This Dreamworks Animation offering features a cast of celebrity voices, including Reese Witherspoon, Hugh Laurie, Will Arnett, and Seth Rogen.
Garfield's Pet Force 3D | DVD | (18/10/2010) from £5.99 | Saving you £7.00 (53.90%) | RRP £12.99
Garfield's Pet Force 3D
Haunting Of Winchester House 3D | DVD | (09/08/2010) from £3.87 | Saving you £6.92 (46.20%) | RRP £14.99
A family moves into a mansion to act as caretakers but when a malevolent force abducts their daughter they discover why the house deserves its reputation as one of the most haunted places in America.
Final Destination 5 (Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray + DVD + Digital Copy) | Blu Ray | (26/12/2011) from £48.58 | Saving you £-18.59 (-62.00%) | RRP £29.99
In what critics are calling The Best Final Destination yet (NME.com) and A franchise high (Yahoo Movies), Death is just as omnipresent as ever and is unleashed after one man's premonition saves a group of co-workers from a terrifying suspension bridge collapse. But this group of unsuspecting souls was never supposed to survive, and, in a terrifying race against time, the ill-fated group frantically tries to discover a way to escape Death's sinister agenda. Final Destination 5 is both a great film in its own right and a brilliant addition to the franchise, with some of the best 3D I've seen this year (David Edwards, Sunday Mirror).
Cars 2 | Blu Ray | (21/11/2011) from £6.99 | Saving you £18.00 (60.00%) | RRP £29.99
Cars&nbsp;may have been one of the less well-regarded Pixar movies but that didn't stop&nbsp;John Lasseter&nbsp;from getting behind the wheel again for this week's sequel. It's Lasseter's passion for all things automotive that drives the follow-up which has a co-directing credit for Brad Lewis - Digital Spy Review From the creators of Cars Up and Toy Story 3 comes a new Pixar classic in this high-octane Blu-ray! Star racecar Lightning McQueen (Owen Wilson) and the incomparable tow truck Mater (Larry the Cable Guy) take their friendship to exciting new places when they head overseas to compete in the first-ever World Grand Prix to determine the world's fastest car. But the road to the championship is filled with plenty of potholes detours and hilarious surprises when Mater gets caught up in an intriguing adventure of his own: international espionage! Experience all the fast-paced fun with an all-car cast &ndash; plus enjoy the hilarious never-before-seen short film Air Mater. The pedal-to-the-metal excitement continues with a full disc of exclusive Around The World bonus features. Special Features: Toy Story Toons: Hawaiian Vacation Air Mater
Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter (Blu-ray 3D + Blu-ray + Digital Copy) | Blu Ray | (22/10/2012) from £4.60 | Saving you £29.20 (85.90%) | RRP £33.99
Many 2012 genre movies have developed a worrisome postmodern tic, often rushing to point out their own ridiculousness before the audience even gets a chance to get swept up and taken in. The historical monster mash Abraham Lincoln Vampire Hunter is profoundly silly--even sillier, possibly, than the title suggests--but it conducts itself with an admirably straight face. Seth Grahame-Smith's script (based on his own novel) finds the Young Mr. Lincoln (Benjamin Walker) set on a path of righteous vengeance after watching his mother get fatally fanged. As he studies the law and woos the ravishing Mary Todd (Mary Elizabeth Winstead) by day, the nights find him throwing down with an unending army of the undead. When he discovers the plot of a master vampire (the excellently dry Rufus Sewell) to conquer the United States, he makes the fateful decision to throw his hat (and silver-bladed axe) into the ring of national politics. Director Timur Bekmambetov (Wanted, the Night Watch series) brings a wide-eyed fervour to the material, offering tantalising hints of a larger mythology while also glorying in the wonky kineticism of the plentiful action sequences. (He's aided in his mission by legendary cinematographer Caleb Deschanel, who gives the images an old-timey View-Master texture.) Scholars of the historical record may well develop the vapours, but for susceptible viewers, the film's wink-free approach and exceedingly game performers make it frightfully easy to sit back, switch off, and bask in its poker-faced outrageousness. Many movies have had somebody thrown by a horse; this movie has a bad guy pick up a horse and throw it at the hero. Brothers and sisters, there is a difference. --Andrew Wright

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text:
This was the first edition of the tournament.

Zhang Ze won the title after defeating Vasek Pospisil 7–5, 3–6, 6–2 in the final.

Seeds

Draw

Finals

Top half

Bottom half

References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw

Kunal Patel San Francisco Open - Singles
2017 in San Francisco

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Therefore has this generation set upon pedestals heroes with feet of clay who stand amidst much turbulence and destruction "imaged" behind a facade of hope and prosperity. They teeter on the edge of a two-edged sword... such are the foundations of modern-day governments via politics, etc!
paranoid - unjust - biased ?
The foregoing words are obviously in chaotic disarray, yet their presentation is an example of how we create confusion in our lives by way of thinking processes devoid of consideration of choices--we simply jump in and "go for it."
CHAOS IS THAT SPACE BETWEEN ONE DECISION AND ANOTHER--AN ESSENTIAL EXPERIENCE IF YOU ARE TO DISCOVER THE TRUTH!
Many individuals live out their lives choosing to take the easiest way out, not realizing that the accumulated effects of haphazard thinking dulls their capacity to analyze possible choices--this is one-dimensional rationalization. On the other hand, many others have searched for a level of understanding that permits them to choose a rationale that enables them to see "down the road and around the bend." Then they become cognizant of a better alignment for either a simple list of words (grade school) or the complicated components of their creative activities by being able to discern the difference between disarray and harmony (university) The latter is a three-dimensional (body/mind/spirit) "thought process" in action.
The ultimate criterion for making choices includes the dimension of The Spiritual--whereby, through experience, we choose to call upon that Essence indicative of the Presence of THE SPIRIT within The Creative Energy we call God BEFORE we initiate involvement in creative activity.
Recognizing the validity of the "before" activity relates to our BEINGNESS as Souls imaged from within THE SPIRIT "before the world was."
Whether we are experiencing the Infinite or Finite Realms, acknowledging the source of our Beingness is essential BEFORE we make use of The Creative Energy Thus will our creations receive the Character of THE SPIRIT.
EVEN JESUS THE CHRIST THOUGHT IT NOT MOCKERY TO CALL HIMSELF THE SON OF GOD WHEREBY HE PLACED WITHIN US THE PATTERN FOR DOING LIKEWISE.
changes come about that enable us to deal with the multifaceted aspects of our Spiritual Nature. This process is activated by the Creative Forces of one's Soul that began before birth and continues to view the "bends in the river" as our story unfolds via our current life plus all former ones. The process of change should be taught in Kindergarten!
One example of an "unbalanced" condition is currently being presented to us by way of the Media in drawing to our attention those in high places who do indeed have feet of clay. However, as we look on, our own unbalanced state rears its ugly head in the form of responses to that we perceive to be the reality of someone else and thereby "feed" their fantasies either by our rejection or acceptance Therefore, who should cast the first stone?
However, as "the knee bone is connected to the thigh bone," so does a characteristic of an individual bespeak of his or her total Beingness, for it colors or reflects in accordance with choices made as to whether you are made in the image created within your own Creative Forces where self is considered to be like unto a God, The created effects that issue forth from The Creative Energy influences us according to our understanding of the Character of OUR FATHER... 'FOR HE HAS GIVEN US HIS SPIRIT!"
Constant concern for our body whether it' a matter of food, clothing, choice of pleasure, or a constant need for physical gratification and for "things that are of the world worldly." ALL PHYSICAL MANIFESTATIONS WILL EVENTUALLY DETERIORATE.
Intellectualism at the expense of a mind open to possible alternatives. Emotional responses that lead to condemnation of the acts of self or others. Lack of proper use of Free Will via choices. Area of attitudes and emotions that cause disease (unbalance) within either the mind or body.
Lack of recognition of this aspect of our 3-fold Nature.
Therefore, we function out of self-centeredness rather than that of THE SPIRIT and soon forget that we are the cause of our dilemmas.
How do we realign these three aspects of ourselves? That is indeed the purpose of our study; i.e, to seek a way that will enable us to recognize how close we are to our CREATOR/FATHER including our ability to "use" ITS Energy in our own creative activities.
It is the nature of our creations to be born, to develop, and be recreated in a state of chaos which has within it the stuff that calls forth Harmony, Purpose for Being, and creative energy wherein lies the Image (effect) of their Creator/Cause/You.
If indeed the previous statement speaks of your Beginning and your Ending, consider one experience in which you might have better utilized the theory of Cause and Effect. (write it down).
REMEMBER, YOU ARE YOUR OWN CREATOR! THE RESULTS COME FORTH VIA YOUR ABILITY TO MAKE CHOICES VIA FREE WILL!


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cachepolicy module¶

class <tt class="descname">cachepolicy</tt>¶

Bases: <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">nssrc.com.citrix.netscaler.nitro.resource.base.base_resource.base_resource</tt>

Configuration for Integrated Cache policy resource.

<tt class="descname">policyname</tt>¶

Name for the policy. Must begin with an ASCII alphabetic or underscore (_) character, and must contain only ASCII alphanumeric, underscore, hash (#), period (.), space, colon (:), at (@), equals (=), and hyphen (-) characters. Can be changed after the policy is created.<br/>Minimum length =  1.

<tt class="descname">rule</tt>¶

Expression against which the traffic is evaluated.
Note:
Maximum length of a string literal in the expression is 255 characters. A longer string can be split into smaller strings of up to 255 characters each, and the smaller strings concatenated with the + operator. For example, you can create a 500-character string as follows: ‘”<string of 255 characters>” + “<string of 245 characters>”’
The following requirements apply only to the NetScaler CLI:
* If the expression includes one or more spaces, enclose the entire expression in double quotation marks.
* If the expression itself includes double quotation marks, escape the quotations by using the character.
* Alternatively, you can use single quotation marks to enclose the rule, in which case you do not have to escape the double quotation marks.

<tt class="descname">action</tt>¶

Action to apply to content that matches the policy.
* CACHE or MAY_CACHE action - positive cachability policy
* NOCACHE or MAY_NOCACHE action - negative cachability policy
* INVAL action - Dynamic Invalidation Policy.<br/>Possible values = CACHE, NOCACHE, MAY_CACHE, MAY_NOCACHE, INVAL.

<tt class="descname">storeingroup</tt>¶

Name of the content group in which to store the object when the final result of policy evaluation is CACHE. The content group must exist before being mentioned here. Use the “show cache contentgroup” command to view the list of existing content groups.<br/>Minimum length =  1.

<tt class="descname">invalgroups</tt>¶

Content group(s) to be invalidated when the INVAL action is applied. Maximum number of content groups that can be specified is 16.<br/>Minimum length =  1.

<tt class="descname">invalobjects</tt>¶

Content groups(s) in which the objects will be invalidated if the action is INVAL.<br/>Minimum length =  1.

<tt class="descname">undefaction</tt>¶

Action to be performed when the result of rule evaluation is undefined.<br/>Possible values = NOCACHE, RESET.

<tt class="descname">newname</tt>¶

New name for the cache policy. Must begin with an ASCII alphabetic or underscore (_) character, and must contain only ASCII alphanumeric, underscore, hash (#), period (.), space, colon (:), at (@), equals (=), and hyphen (-) characters.<br/>Minimum length =  1.

<tt class="descname">hits</tt>¶

Hits.

<tt class="descname">undefhits</tt>¶

Number of Undef hits.

<tt class="descname">flags</tt>¶

Flag.

<tt class="descname">builtin</tt>¶

.<br/>Possible values = MODIFIABLE, DELETABLE, IMMUTABLE.

classmethod <tt class="descname">add</tt><big>(</big>client, resource<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to add cachepolicy.

classmethod <tt class="descname">delete</tt><big>(</big>client, resource<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to delete cachepolicy.

classmethod <tt class="descname">update</tt><big>(</big>client, resource<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to update cachepolicy.

classmethod <tt class="descname">unset</tt><big>(</big>client, resource, args<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to unset the properties of cachepolicy resource.
Properties that need to be unset are specified in args array.

classmethod <tt class="descname">rename</tt><big>(</big>client, resource, new_policyname<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to rename a cachepolicy resource.

classmethod <tt class="descname">get</tt><big>(</big>client, name='', option_=''<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to fetch all the cachepolicy resources that are configured on netscaler.

classmethod <tt class="descname">get_filtered</tt><big>(</big>client, filter_<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to fetch filtered set of cachepolicy resources.
filter string should be in JSON format.eg: “port:80,servicetype:HTTP”.

classmethod <tt class="descname">count</tt><big>(</big>client<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to count the cachepolicy resources configured on NetScaler.

classmethod <tt class="descname">count_filtered</tt><big>(</big>client, filter_<big>)</big>¶

Use this API to count filtered the set of cachepolicy resources.
Filter string should be in JSON format.eg: “port:80,servicetype:HTTP”.

class <tt class="descname">Builtin</tt>¶

<tt class="descname">MODIFIABLE</tt> = 'MODIFIABLE'¶

<tt class="descname">DELETABLE</tt> = 'DELETABLE'¶

<tt class="descname">IMMUTABLE</tt> = 'IMMUTABLE'¶

class <tt class="descclassname">cachepolicy.</tt><tt class="descname">Undefaction</tt>¶

<tt class="descname">NOCACHE</tt> = 'NOCACHE'¶

<tt class="descname">RESET</tt> = 'RESET'¶

class <tt class="descclassname">cachepolicy.</tt><tt class="descname">Action</tt>¶

<tt class="descname">CACHE</tt> = 'CACHE'¶

<tt class="descname">NOCACHE</tt> = 'NOCACHE'¶

<tt class="descname">MAY_CACHE</tt> = 'MAY_CACHE'¶

<tt class="descname">MAY_NOCACHE</tt> = 'MAY_NOCACHE'¶

<tt class="descname">INVAL</tt> = 'INVAL'¶

class <tt class="descname">cachepolicy_response</tt><big>(</big>length=1<big>)</big>¶

Bases: <tt class="xref py py-class docutils literal">nssrc.com.citrix.netscaler.nitro.resource.base.base_response.base_response</tt>

Nitro exception Package

Base Package

Service Package

Util Package

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app

appflow

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appqoe

audit

authentication

authorization

autoscale

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ca

cache

cachecontentgroup

cacheforwardproxy

cacheglobal_binding

cacheglobal_cachepolicy_binding

cacheobject

cacheparameter

cachepolicy

cachepolicy_binding

cachepolicy_cacheglobal_binding

cachepolicy_cachepolicylabel_binding

cachepolicy_csvserver_binding

cachepolicy_lbvserver_binding

cachepolicylabel

cachepolicylabel_binding

cachepolicylabel_cachepolicy_binding

cachepolicylabel_policybinding_binding

cacheselector

cluster

cmp

cr

cs

db

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dos

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filter

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times have changed. This betting experts football predictions is particularly true of sports betting which unlike slot machines is a beatable discipline. Las Vegas is all but trying to get out of the gambling business favoring the no downside risk of big shopping malls and EDM night clubs.the Tigers are diving into full rebuilding mode, so theyre out. The As are the As, theyre both out. The Reds are still in that process and the Orioles are starting to realize contention isnt their best option in 2018.
"They have two guys that can come in and play at a high level and move the ball and score points for their team. So, it's a good position the Dolphins put themselves in." Underselling or not, the Patriots have now won six games in.
How Does Match Result and BTTS Work? Match Result and BTTS bets are also commonly known as BTTS and Win wagers and is two wagers rolled into one. This is done to boost the odds. For example, in a game between Manchester United and West.
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Tee off in ultimate team spirit style. Basketball fans can now take their love of the game on the green when they play 18 holes. The left-handed glove comes with a team logo ball marker and detachable tee so you'll have everything you need — right at your fingertips.
When I purchased this glove I was under the impression that the Notre Dame logo was on the glove itself, so I was very disappointed that it was not. It is just on the ball marker that is attached to the glove by a magnet. So if you remove the ball marker, you wouldn't have any idea it was a Notre Dame glove.


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Cairo Pays Homage To Iran's Last Shah
Queen Farah and Egypt's former First Lady Jehan Sadat at the ceremonies to pay homage to last shah of Iran in Cairo.
Annual ceremonies to pay homage to Iran's last king, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, were once again held in Cairo on July 27.
The former empress of Iran, Farah Pahlavi, and Egyptian former First Lady Jehan Sadat attended the ceremonies alongside the late shah's supporters.
Hundreds of Iranians from all over the world, including the United States, Europe, and Australia, were in Cairo to pay tribute to the shah, who died on July 27, 1980.
Mohammad Reza Shah left Iran while the Islamic Revolution, led by elderly exiled Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, was gaining momentum and the country was practically in chaos.
A year and a half later, the shah, aged 60, died from complications of leukemia at a Cairo hospital.
The late shah was laid to rest at Cairo's Al Rifa'i Mosque, where the last king of Egypt, Farouk, and other prominent figures of modern Egypt are buried.
Close friend and ally, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat held a full state funeral for him, attended by members of the shah's family, as well as former U.S. President Richard Nixon.
As in previous years, Pahlavi and Jehan Sadat commenced the ceremonies by visiting Anwar Sadat's place of burial and the tomb of Egypt's Unknown Soldier.
Queen Farah (R), widow of the late Shah of Iran and Jihan Sadat (L), widow of Egypt's assassinated former president Anwar Sadat, attend a memorial service of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, August2017
At a time when many Western countries were reluctant to let the Iranian king enter their territories, Anwar Sadat warmly welcomed his frail and devastated "brother" as a guest of state.
However, 15 months after the shah's death, Anwar Sadat was assassinated by an Egyptian fundamentalist army officer, Khalid Islambouli, during the annual victory parade held in Cairo to celebrate Egypt's crossing of the Suez Canal. Islambouli was enraged that Sadat had signed a peace treaty with Israel.
As has become a tradition in the past few decades, Pahlavi and Jehan Sadat attended Al Rifa'i Mosque, where they were welcomed by Iranian expats and Egyptians who admire Sadat and the Iranian shah.
"Egyptian clergy, Egypt's Islamic Endowment Organization officials, and sheiks of the Mosque were also there to attend the shah's death anniversary ceremony, which had a religious theme," an attendant of the ceremony told Radio Farda.
Pahlavi read a message and highlighted "the shah's service" for his "beloved country," adding he "always wished for welfare and progress for Iran and its people."
Earlier, in a statement, she had also insisted, "The shah longed to create a system based on democratic values and a humane society combined with respect for individual freedom, decentralized government, people's deliberate participation in national ventures, and a free market in Iran."
The shah's critics have always accused him of suppressing political dissidents and violating human rights.
However, pro-shah forces dismiss these accusations as mostly exaggerations.
Mohammad Reza Shah's tomb in Cairo. Photo from the Shah's memorial service anniversary, July 27, 2017
Wrapping up the ceremony at Al Rifa'i Mosque, Pahlavi went to Cairo's Four Seasons Hotel to pose for photos with supporters.
The shah's memorial ceremonies this year coincided with the fourth anniversary of the downfall of Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood rule and the rise of General Abdel Fattah As-Sissi.
"Undoubtedly, the current government in Egypt had done its utmost to hold the shah's death anniversary ceremony as disciplined and majestically as possible," said a former Iranian army officer who attended the ceremonies.
During the 30 years of Mohammad Hosni Mubarak's presidency in Egypt, the shah's death anniversary was held in similar splendor.
The ceremonies were downgraded during Morsi's presidency from 2011 to 2013 and were only attended by several of the Pahlavis and their supporters.
However, Prince Reza Pahlavi was not present at this year's ceremonies.
Tehran-Cairo diplomatic relations have always been either severed or based on distrust and hostility after February 1979 and the fall of the monarchy in Iran.
Their relations are currently at a low, limited to the operation of trade interest sections in each other's capitals.
Recently Egypt, along with Saudi Arabia, engaged in a more obvious anti-Iran gesture when it joined other Arab states in boycotting Qatar. Along with Riyadh, Manama, and Abu Dhabi, Cairo called on Doha to sever its diplomatic relations with Tehran.
US Treasury Targets A Network Of Companies Breaking Iran Sanctions


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PPolitics
Scott leads Sink in new poll despite 'annoying' ads
Former health care executive Rick Scott has a 49-43 edge over Florida CFO Alex Sink in the race for governor, according to a Quinnipiac University poll released Friday. Both candidates capture about 87 percent of their party vote and around 40 percent of respondents view them unfavorably and favorably. Independent voters are breaking 46-40 percent for Scott. The margin of error in the poll was +/- 2.9 percentage points.
Give credit to the pollsters for asking about both candidates' ad campaigns — according to the Nielsen Company, both candidates ran over 3,000 ads last week, with Scott running just 130 more than his opponent. Fifty-four percent of voters found Scott's ads "annoying," and 38 percent of voters said his ad campaign was "excessive." Forty-six percent of voters found Alex Sink's ads "annoying," while only 17 percent of voters said the amount of ads were "excessive," probably because she did not have a primary campaign like Scott.
President Obama had very low approval ratings — just 40 percent of Floridians approve of the job he is doing as president, while 56 percent disapprove. That number is likely hurting Sink, even though she has tried to distance herself from the president.
A silver lining for Sink: Quinnipiac's poll right before the Florida gubernatorial primary turned out to be the opposite of the result. The day before the Aug. 24 vote, Quinnipiac released a poll showing that Republican primary voters favored Florida Attorney General Bill McCollum by a 39-35 percent margin; Scott ended up winning, 46-44 percent.
Luke Johnson reports on Florida for The American Independent.
Politico: U.S. Chamber, running anti-Charlie Crist ads, received big gift from Fox News parent company
Dallas airport exec chosen to run Tampa International Airport
EPA to Congress: Clean water helps economic growth
In congressional testimony on Friday, the federal Environmental Protection Agency was again criticized for its proposed numeric nutrient criteria, a set of standards to regulate pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus in Florida waterways. But EPA representatives defended the agency's decision to implement the standards, arguing that they are needed for the health and safety of citizens and businesses struggling to survive in harsh economic times.
Poll: More Americans favor abortion rights
The number of Americans who self-identify as abortion rights supporters grew while the number identifying as anti-abortion rights advocates shrank, according to a new national poll. The new distribution marks the first time in about three years that Americans who believe a woman should have the right to choose have the numerical advantage over those who do not.
Schenck bill targeting Prescription Drug Monitoring Program passes House committee
Florida Rep. Rob Schenck, R-Spring Hill, unveiled two new pill mill bills in today's meeting of the House Health and Human Services Committee, including a measure that would would effectively end the Prescription Drug Monitoring Program, a statewide database that would track the use of controlled substances throughout Florida. Both bills passed a committee vote.
Florida Democrats want senator removed from committee for comments about Hispanics
State Reps. Janet Cruz, D-Tampa, and Darren Soto, D-Orlando, requested Wednesday that state Sen. Alan Hays, R-Umatilla, be removed from the Senate Committee on Reapportionment because of his recent statement that many Hispanic-speaking people in Florida ... are not legal.
Liberty Counsel founder flip-flops on school prayer bill
Mat Staver, the founder of a Christian legal group known as the Liberty Counsel, has switched his position on a bill currently making its way to the governor's desk. The bill, which is sponsored by state Sen. Gary Siplin, D-Orlando, would allow state school boards to adopt policies allowing K-12 students to give inspirational messages, including prayers, at any school event.
National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health applauds reintroduction of DREAM act
The National Latina Institute for Reproductive Health (NLIRH) sent out a press release today applauding President Obama, Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nevada, Rep. Ileana Ros-Lehtinen, R-Florida, and other co-sponsors for re-introducing the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minor Act, also known as the DREAM Act.


Dear Lord: we recommit ourselves to prayer. We say, we need you, and we can do nothing without you. We confess that it is not possible to have relationship without communing with you in prayer. Lord, increase our faith. And increase our obedience. May our prayer lives be characterized by well, prayer, and not the guilt (and everything else) that comes with prayerlessness. Father, we intercede on behalf of those who are interceded for the least; we remember the forgotten and unreached and marginalized and ask that you will use us to reach them - with the good news, in sensitivity, in love, with courage and with perseverance. Expand our little worlds. May the walls that need to come down, crumble and fall; and may the things that need to be built, be built and stand strong. We claim the power of the Cross and in thanks say this prayer in the name of the One who bore it, your Son Jesus Christ. Amen.


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World Map / Upcoming Elections / US Presidential election 2016 / US Election Updates / Sanders and Clinton confront issues of race at CNN town hall
US Election Updates - February 24, 2016
Democrats Bernie Sanders and Hillary Clinton addressed race issues at a CNN town hall on Tuesday. The town hall, which comes just four days ahead of the South Carolina Democratic Primary, will witness African-American voters playing an important role. Sanders urged for reforms in the criminal justice system. Sanders also promised that in case he is elected president of the country he will increase funding for historically black colleges and universities. Meanwhile, Clinton called upon the white people to be honest. Clinton said that there were racial barriers that "we need to be honest about".