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Independent Fellowship Programme – Abstracts 2004-05
Publicity, Promises & the Public Space in Ahmedabad
Prayas Abhinav, Ahmedabad
This project will conduct research into the practices of public communication, commercial as well as personal, in Ahmedabad and thereby document the broken links between the "promises and commitments" made by these practices and their delivery.
This could go on to suggest reasons why and how the dreams, desires, needs of citizens become habituated to remain unfulfilled. This would also explain how these dreams, desires and needs increasingly become space- and freedom- oriented, and how the pressure of existence (which exhibits in both working and personal lives) manifests.
The Culture of Business : The Informal Sector and Finance Business in Vijaywada
S. Ananth, Vijaywada
This project will look at the phenomenon of globalisation as it manifests itself at the local level and in day-to-day economic practices. The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the manner in which the culture of business at the local level is impacted by the phenomenon of globalisation. The study will look at the finance sector in the coastal Andhra Pradesh city of Vijayawada in order to show the changes in business culture with the advent of globalisation. The finance sector in Vijayawada, as in many other parts of India, is characterised by an interesting relationship between the informal and formal business establishments.
The research will analyse the manner in which the two reinforce and complement each other and show how the informal sector has been affected by the changes that have resulted from globalisation and also the structural adjustment of the Indian economy. The study is inter-disciplinary in nature and method. First, the study attempts to reinterpret what is generally presumed to be the domain of pure economics in terms of cultural history, and therefore makes a strong argument for the cultural foundations of economic activity. Second, the study employs the methodology of oral history such as structured and unstructured interviews to access material and information related to the field of study.
Laghu Patrika Andolan: Abhivyakti ke Naye Aayam – Ek Partal (Little Magazine Movement: New Dimensions of Expression)
Anurag, Ghaziabad
This work will address the world of expansive world of Hindi 'little magazines' – its history, its sociology, politics but most importantly, its economics. What still makes it an attractive idea? Why do magazines die? What is the average reach of a magazine? What are the networks of production and distribution? What are the special publication strategies that make one magazine look different from others? Why do we see so many special issues with guest editors? These are some of the questions that will be asked at the outset.
The Shrine as an Anodyne in Strife-Torn Kashmir
Hilal Bhat, Srinagar
The researcher intends to work on changing environs of shrines in conflict-devastated Kashmir, where thousands of devotees take refuge in the absence of modern alternatives for dealing with the stress. In the wake of chaos and mayhem in Kashmir, a shrine remains the sole place where the victims of violence have a chance of getting rejuvenated.
Minds exposed to a continual violence need to either come to terms with or transcend the violent event. This process can be arrived at with the help of a facilitator. In many modern societies, the facilitator might be a psychiatrist. In a cultural milieu where spirituality is more pervasive, the figure of the saint lends itself to the role of a psychic facilitator.
The shrine, not only in its spirituality but also in its aesthetic, evokes a sense of serenity. The aesthetic of the shrines in Kashmir couples their architecture and layouts with a supremely appropriate sense of site. Combined, these factors produce an effect that is spectacular. This research will attempt to track the motivations that make people turn to these places for peace of mind and also gain an idea of how intimately the spiritual and the aesthetic flow into each other. The researcher will delve into an appreciation of shrines in Srinagar as a spiritual, aesthetic, social environments and consider the manner in which these significations provide a therapeutic space.
The Relationship Between the Production and Consumption of Thumri and Allied Forms: The Female Impersonator Bal Gandharva
Urmila Bhirdikar, Pune
This project investigates the relationship between the production-consumption of the North Indian musical genre of thumri (and other allied forms) through gramophone records and the fashioning of the songs of the female characters in Marathi Sangeet Natak tradition, with special emphasis on the female impersonator actor Bal Gandharva.
Though the tradition of stage music in Maharashtra is long, it is not a single tradition, but shaped periodically by musical genres outside this commercial theatre in the late-19th and early-20th century. The nexus between the musical genres and their adoption in theatre reveal the composite nature of this theatre, which drew from the current musical (as well as other artistic) practices.
The emphasis of this project is on the beginning of the second decade of the twentieth century, when the north Indian genres of thumri and other "semi-classical" forms were thought to be suitable for representing the "respectable" woman in through theatre. This adoption reveals an interesting relation between the conventional understanding of the thumri genre with kachcha gaana (which also implies less respectable) and the newly emerging discourse of respectability in Marathi theatre. Further, the presentation of the Marathi songs (natya pada) itself seems to have been influenced by the way in which the baijis presented their music through the medium of gramophone records of the 78 rpm era, inviting attention to the shaping of music in the gramophone record format.
The analysis will take into consideration not only the historical and cultural aspects of this phenomenon, but also the musicological aspects of producing and consuming music through gramophone records. Additionally I also propose to look at the apathetic reception of Bal Gandharva's music when rendered by a "real" woman, Goharbai Karnataki, with reference to the debate on the entry of women into theatre in the 1930s.
Of Riots and Ruins: Space and Violence in Vatva, Ahmedabad
Moyukh Chatterjee and Swara Bhaskar, Delhi
Our proposed area of study is a conglomeration of colonies inhabited by Muslims, Hindus and Dalits, located in Vatva, an industrial (previously agrarian) area on the outskirts of Ahmedabad. It was a site of violence during the 2002 carnage and is now informed by post-violence "compromised" peace. We wish to map on this spatial-geographic entity the processes by which contesting discourses of ethnicity, communal identity and multiple explanations for communalisation of "everyday" life are (re) produced. The communalisation of space or alternatively the construction of communal identity with the aid of spatial technologies — like 'ghetto-isation' and communal coding of built structures — is a pan-Ahmedabad phenomenon; however, local versions of this pathology manifesting in Vatva are a subject of our study. Other questions of hegemonic discourse formation and the processes of crystallisation of religious identity form the subtext of our project. We hope also to examine both the space occupied by the Dalits as a minority in a majority-minority area (Muslims a minority in Ahmedabad, are the majority in Vatva); as also the unstable position different communities have occupied in terms of social power before, during and after the riots.
Children's Friendship with Place: Investigating Environmental Child- Friendliness for Children in New Delhi
Sudeshna Chatterjee, Delhi
Despite considerable global attention on making cities child-friendly, specifically through the two prominent global efforts in contexts of low-resources and rapid urbanisation (UNESCO's Growing Up in Cities (GUIC) projects in 1970s and late 1990s, and the UN Child Friendly Cities (CFC) global initiatives in the 1990s), there does not exist any empirically grounded understanding of the construct of environmental child friendliness. An established body of theoretical literature in environmental psychology, geography, planning and design, however, has proposed that children develop feelings and emotions about their everyday environments which induce powerful, positive or negative images. This literature also emphasises the role of affect in not only explaining how children learn about places, but also, in pointing out what sorts of environments children find most satisfying. This study proposes place friendship as a valid form of affective place relationship in childhood that is different from the more widely studied construct of place attachment. Studying children's place friendship will allow us to empirically investigate the meaning of child friendly places for children in cities. Such investigations will be especially meaningful in contexts that have large youthful populations such as in Indian cities, in understanding the implications of fast urbanisation and environmental change for the lives of children.
Beeti Vibhavari Jaag Ri: Dilli ke City-scape mein Dik wa Kaal (Time and Space in the Cityscape of Delhi)
Vijender Singh Chauhan, Delhi
This multimedia work will record sound and image and suppplement them with texts and personal prose. The idea is to capture different shades and textures the city inhabits in different time zones and across seasons. The cityscapes selected include Rajpath, AIIMS Crossing, Chandni Chowk, Moolchand flyover, Connaught Place and the Old Yamuna Bridge.
Tapping In: Urban Water Conflicts as Citizenship Claims in Chennai
Karen Coelho, Chennai
This project proposes to explore collective, contentious and transgressive practices of urban citizenship as articulated in claims to water in the city of Chennai. It uses multi-media techniques to interrogate the narratives of order purveyed by the reforming state, from the vantage point of its margins. Municipal water reforms outline a technocratic discourse in which universal service is guaranteed through rational improvement. But the underground grid, the embodiment of this sovereign order, is, as everybody knows, punctured and intersected by bypass connections and illegal taps that reveal the contentious and compromised order of a ground-level service. The project would explore these challenges to the myth of orderly service from the perspective of citizens struggling for access to water. These challenges take a range of everyday forms, from informal arrangements governing access to public fountains and water tanks, to mariyals and illegal taps. These challenges are modes through which the urban public, lacking access to private property in water, assert the sovereignty of a basic need. The points of leakage in the urban order of the grid may constitute sites in which local claims to citizenship are being asserted, challenging liberal (and neo-liberal) norms of individual-based citizenship.
Protest Through Music: A Documentation and Analysis of the Structure, Content and Context of the Musical Tradition of the IPTA
Sumangala Damodaran, Delhi
The protest music tradition in India is largely undocumented in any systematic manner. The formation of the Indian People's Theatre Association in the 1930s marked a formal adoption of the idea that music and theatre would be used for the conscious articulation of protest. The essential purpose of this project is to begin a process of documentation and analysis of protest music as embodied in the tradition of the IPTA in Hindi and Bengali. In addition, the research will also attempt a preliminary analysis of the structure of the music. The public presentation of the project will involve a presentation of the archival material, interviews and recordings and an analysis of the structure of the music that has been collected. The research also proposes to demonstrate some of the findings of the research through performance.
Hypertextual Poetry: A Study of MSN Poetry Communities
Nitoo Das, Delhi
I propose to study the extremely popular MSN Poetry Communities to investigate changing concepts of poetry according to recent models of hypertextuality. Can anonymous poetry, or rather, poetry written under interesting screen names or "nicks", change the way poetry is traditionally understood (as a lyric/subjective medium)? Is this self-naming of the poet-persona an attempt to renegotiate the ordinarily held assumptions of the poetically created artefact as being stitched to the body and the imagination of the individual who created the text? The identities that are fostered in cyberspace, especially in such poetry communities, compel us to reconsider definitions of the term 'virtual community'. Do these poetry sites manage to erase geographical/cartographical identities? Do they show any gender-based separation? How do the ideological structures of the poetic texts manifest themselves in spaces of anonymity or constructed identities?
Recent studies on Hypertext Theory have problematised concepts like the physicality of the written text, as it exists in words and lines and the intelligibility of the text (the meaning and content behind the empirical text setting). In the MSN Poetry Groups that this research seeks to study, the incorporation of annotative links, attachments to enhance readings, multimedia projections of poetry, radically subvert the generic constraints of traditional poetry . The power of the linear text, the publishing industry, the superiority of the published author, all these hierarchies are almost dismissed in the sites that the study wishes to take up for analysis. The study desires to see how releasing (or maybe, how fettering) these dismissals will be to both the cyberpoet and the cyberreader and try to reconfigure the new slippery space between technology and poetry.
Women and their Spatial Narratives in the City of Ahmedabad
Madhavi Desai, Ahmedabad
Situated on the banks of Sabarmati River, the city of Ahmedabad has its roots in medieval times. It has a historic inner city core and extensive modern development all around. The seventh-largest city in India, it has a population close to 4 million today. The basic premise of this research project is that although the city is theoretically available to all citizens, women are not fully able to physically and culturally participate in it. Focusing on the middle class, this research attempts to document the spatial activities and experiences of women in Ahmedabad in the traditional as well as the modern sections. The objectives are as follows: To trace women's mobility patterns with respect to their neighbourhood and the city, within their social network and outside it; to analyse women's connection to urban institutions and services such as banks, post office, etc.; to understand women's activities and sites of leisure such as hotels, restaurants, parks and multiplexes; to look into women's notions of what a city is in terms of their image and descriptions. The research methods used will include observation, questionnaires and interviews; map analysis and perception drawings by women as well as library research.
The Growth of Print Nationalism and Assamese Identity in Two Early Assamese Magazines
Uddipan Dutta, Tezpur
The advent of print has an important influence upon the arbitrariness of the concept of language as well as nation. Print has taken the role of selecting, codifying and finally making a particular variety the standard variety in many of the world's languages, and thereby enabling the people to imagine to be the members of a particular speech community and later on to assert a common identity in a geographical space. This study is an attempt to deconstruct that complex dynamic in two of the earlier magazines of Assam in the colonial context of the province. Arunondoi, the first Assamese magazine, was an effort of the Baptist missionaries and in the common literary and historical discourse credited with revitalising the Assamese language which was almost at the verge of attrition due to the colonial policy of replacing Assamese with Bengali as a medium of instruction and language of the court. Jonaki, on the other hand, was the journal brought out in Calcutta in the year 1889 by Axomia Bhaxa Unnati Xadhin Xobha (Association for the Development of the Assamese Language), a students' body, with an ideological slant towards a linguistic nationalism. It was the endeavour undertaken by the native middle-class that had grown up with English education. The embryonic form of sub-national identity founded in the pages of Arunodoi matures in the pages of Jonaki. The study is an attempt to recount this journey from the unconscious to the conscious by reading through the pages of these two magazines.
Tale Tellers: Dastangoyee, The Culture of Storytelling in Urdu
Mahmood U. R. Farooqui, Delhi
This study seeks to explore dastans, oral fictional narratives of epical length that flourished in Urdu between the 18th and 20th centuries. While they drew on an older tradition in Arabic and Persian, the Urdu storytellers turned what were often one or two volumes of longish stories into adventures of mammoth proportions. Apart from being performed live they also came to be published to great popular acclaim. The most famous of these, the Dastan-e-Amir Hamza, ran to 46 volumes in total, each volume being a folio-sized book of around 1000 pages each, surely the longest fictional narrative in the world. This narrative's narrator-composers, the dastangos, were also oral performers of an extraordinary calibre who combined the arts of mimicry, ventriloquism, pantomime and voice control to keep their audiences enthralled and captured. Due to their sheer size, inventiveness and narrative power, dastans deeply influenced the nature of other fictional narratives, such as novels, theatre and cinema, that emerged later in North India.
This outstanding fictional and performative tradition has today so disappeared from our memory that not a single public library in India or Pakistan contains the entire Hamza collection. Critics and scholars of Urdu are content to highlight a few bowdlerized single volumes of dastans, produced under British patronage, while wholly and insufferably neglecting the larger body of work. This study seeks to highlight the uniqueness of dastans and dastangoi by collecting archival and photographic materials that might enable the tradition to occupy a rightful place as the most outstanding example of prose narration in Urdu.
The Culture of Crime Pulp Fiction in Bengal
Dev Kamal Ganguly, Hyderabad
The intention of the project is to look closely at those crime thrillers in Bangla which do not have the same recognition as Satyajit Ray's 'Feluda' or Sharadindu Bandyapadhyay's 'Byomkesh' series. These crime thrillers were published in numbers with their grotesquely illustrated covers, cheap quality printing, cheap paper; they were very cheaply priced too. They were a huge hit specially among the pre-adolescent age group even a decade ago. The books no longer exist in significant proportions, but they have left a series of questions relevant for cultural study: what made them successful in their good old days; how were the images of the crime, chase, violence etc., portrayed in those books related to the urban phenomena of the big city; why were they aimed at a particular age group; how did they relate to the tradition of pulp fiction in the West; what were the local inventions of technique in terms of narrating a crime thriller, if any; and how did they imbibe the pulse of their time.
The project wants to initiate these questions and intends to collect and document a representative body of these crime thrillers published. The research will focus on people related to the production of this genre and, by careful classification, scrutiny and analysis of the collected material, try to see this phenomenon in a larger context.
The Kashmiri Encounter in Delhi
Syed Bismillah Geelani, Delhi
It is said that the unique feature of Kashmir is Kashmiriyat. It is this Kashmiriyat which has bound together Hindus and Muslims for centuries and produced a syncretic culture in which Hindus and Muslims could live in harmony with each other. It was said that the armed movement in Kashmir tore apart this syncretic tradition and forced the Kashmiri Pandits to leave the Valley. The study will explore how far the Kashmiris, Hindus and Muslims, living in Delhi have preserved memories of this Kashmiriyat and ask if it binds them together in any way. It will also explore how the armed movement in Kashmir affects the life of these two communities living in exile in Delhi. It will document the real life experiences of these two communities, their encounters with each other, with Indians and with the Indian state.
Excavating Indian Experimental Film
Shai Heredia, Mumbai
This a research project that aims to identify and understand the neglected history of Indian experimental film. Experimental film here refers to filmmaking that explicitly sets out to develop innovative techniques for combining sight and sound, light and word. By challenging peoples' preconceptions and expectations of the moving image, these films tend to shift interests away from illusionism to reveal the aesthetic possibilities of the materials and processes of the film medium.
Over a period of 6 months, existing documentation on experimental film in India will be unearthed, a database of experimental films, filmmakers, technicians will be compiled, experimental filmmakers, historians and critics will be interviewed, an effort to create a library or archive of experimental films will be initiated, and a research paper offering analysis of the social, political and economic context of experimental film in India will be presented. The research collected will be made available on the Filter website for open and easy access to students, filmmakers and researchers and will also be submitted to Sarai, Delhi.
This project fulfills the need for, and interest in spaces designed to re-examine, critique, and reformulate the idea of film in India and ultimately create an environment for active discussion around Indian experimental film, past and present.
Awazein FM Radio Kee (Voices of FM Radio)
S. M. Irfan, Delhi
The proposal attempts to look at the role of FM in the life of Delhi and its satellite areas. The two aspects of this world are, (a) the world of the radio jockey, and (b) the effect on the listeners, but the proposal concerns itself with the former aspect. The attempt will be to analyse the "content" produced by these jockeys, which are interspersed with the film songs. Questions such as whether there is any internal dialogue on between the anchor and the listener, do these anchors think of radio in terms of social responsibility, is there a gendered perspective in so far as the jockeys are concerned, what "newness" there is about this new dialogue, and whether the anchor believes that the listener needs to be catered to individually as a separate cultural unit.
The project will be based on taped interviews with presenters and their families and recordings of their live shows.
Work Culture in Fast Food Chains
Syed Khalid Jamal and Amit Ghosh, Delhi
In preliminary research for Sarai's Student Stipendship programme, the researchers looked at working conditions and considered the relationship of employees of fast food chains with their work place, documenting their desires and frustrations mapped their life histories through a process of active listening and participation. During this research, certain fascinating tropes of the fast food profession, such as "smiling" and "mobility", were articulated.
The "smile" has its own economics embedded at the heart of the food and service industry, of which fast food chains are a small chunk. From the training period to the decisive moments of promotion, the "smile" is considered the single most important factor determining the fate of the employee in the business. It can aptly be said that "smile" is a product which is delivered to the customers at the point-of-purchase. Like burgers and pizzas, employees are trained to deliver this good as efficiently and effectively as any other delicacy mentioned in the menu.
Mobility in the work force is very integral to the fast food chain industry and forms the important aspect of this research project. Often employees are transferred from one department or a sub-department to another, without any prior communication, consent or feedback from the employer. This either leads to frustration or relief, depending on whether an employee is transferred from a high-stress department (such as the kitchen or housekeeping) to a relatively low-stress one (such as servicing), or vice versa.
The research will go further into these aspects and consider the role of gender in the work of fast food chains.
Nautanki Shahar mein: Audyogik Nagri Kanpur mein Lok Manch Kala ke Vikas wa Patan ka Anveshan (Nautanki in the Industrial City of Kanpur: A Historical Study)
Archana Jha, Delhi
This work will explore the conditions of production and popularity of the nautanki form in the colonial and post colonial period in Kanpur. Before nautankis witnessed a decline in the 1970s, Kanpur was considered an important city for these theatrical performances and, in fact, Kanpuri baijis were solicited by other areas on special occasions such as town fairs. It would be intersting to look at the world of raises, akharabazes and the migrant and rural workers who patronised naut ankis. What were the thematic ranges, typical performance structures and genres? Why was song and dance so important to this form and how was it different from theatre?
The Medium is the Community: An Investigation of how Form Affects Discussion and Community in Online Discussion Spaces
Kiran Jonnalagadda, Bangalore
With the advent of social software for the Web (prominently in the form of weblogs and social networking services), we see the Web change from from an information publication space to an interactive communication space. This results in the overlap of what were previously distinct research areas: how the medium affects the message, and how user interface affects usability in computer software. Previous studies by experts have covered online media, online communities and user interfaces, but the new overlap of all three is relatively unexplored. This project intends to study this overlap, of how user interface shapes the communities that form in online communication spaces.
History and Storytelling about Kolkata and Howrah: Integrating Narratives and Database
Vasudha Joshi, Kolkata
According to V. Ramaswamy, a corporate executive and a voluntary activist who has been working in Howrah for several years now:
"For long decades, Howrah has been neglected. During the colonial period, there was a tendency to view Howrah as a coolie town, in comparison to Calcutta, and thus justify institutional neglect in such terms. The sheer backlog of infrastructure and services as the population and especially the slum-dwelling population grew, in turn becoming the pretext for further neglect. Thus, the official view today is that Howrah is a doomed city and nothing whatsoever can be done. Officials responsible for taking action put forward the view that 'decent people do not go to Howrah."
This project will straddle history and storytelling about Kolkata and Howrah and will also include a number of other histories of Kolkata through personal narratives. In the course of working on this project I am interested in working on forms that strive to integrate narrative and database, and experiment with how interactivity might work in new ways. The project will integrate video and stills, archive material and maps along with histories and stories.
Messing with the Bhadraloks: Towards a Social History of the Mess Houses in Calcutta, 1890s-1990s
Boddhisattva Kar and Subhalakshmi Roy, Delhi
In spite of multiple references in a variety of cultural productions and historical accounts of 20th-century Bengal, the mess-houses of Calcutta continue to escape full-length studies and remain a largely undocumented career of (post)colonial urbanity. Though almost a thing of the past today, the institution and practices of mess-houses need critical attention to appreciate a widespread practice of forging a community in an urban space throughout the 20th century. Being shot into the status of a colonial epicentre, the city of Calcutta meant education and jobs for many in its neighboring districts and provinces. From the 1890s, the institution of mess-houses surfaced in the city primarily as a residential establishment of the male middle-class migrants who could not afford to hire a whole house and bring their families along. As our preliminary findings indicate, caught between the compulsions of harboring district identities and acquiring urban respectability, the little Sylhets and the little Burdwans in early- and mid- 20th open anonymous public spaces completely submerged in the mainstream urban culture.
In the first place, the project wishes to appreciate the role of the mess-houses as lived sites of the constitution, exercise and contestation of the distance between the metropolis and the mofussil. From extensive interviews and dispersed written accounts, the research would try to recover the fast vanishing histories of the everyday negotiations of identity. Examining and analysing these representational strategies and the exclusionary rules of the mess-house communities, the study would try to map the changing homosocial boundaries of the urban space and record the details of the gradual and checkered emergence of the working girls' hostels, commonly known as 'women's mess-houses'. Finally, we would like to pursue the final days of the mess-houses in and through the various contexts of political situations, flux in the real estate market, growth of the hotel industry, changing job patterns, consumerist tropes and redistribution of social bonds.
The Hospital Labour Room as a Space for Unheard Voices
Kuldeep Kaur, Chandigarh
The labour room is a space that women from every section of society visit; it deals with the most vulnerable group of patients (mother and child); it plays a crucial role in deciding the overall health standards of any society. It manifests the social attitude towards women and children.
Due to a shortage of time and magnitude of importance, the words uttered in and around labour room go beyond the usual cosmetic expressions of society. The expressions captured in the labour room are the real micro-picture of society's overall attitude towards and children. This study, conducted by a practicing nurse and freelance journalist, will attempt to collect narratives from this space.
Spoke/d Vision: Cyclists in Delhi
Maninder Jit Kaur, Delhi
Like slums, cyclists are seen as impediments and ugly sores on Delhi roads. Though cyclists are officially and existentially lumped together with motor vehicles, forced to drive amidst them, in many ways they more closely resemble pedestrians: they are small, maneuverable, human-powered and exposed to the elements. If speed is power they are literally the most powerless amongst moving-wheel objects. This study would attempt to ethnographically map the life of cyclists through fieldwork and conversational engagements with cyclists about their needs, household incomes, health conditions, employment, etc. More specifically, the study will focus on the survival strategies, competition and collaboration, on the roads of Delhi.
Aa Mata Tujhe Dil ne Pukara: Khani Dilli ki Jagaran Partiyon Kee (Jagaran Tales in Delhi)
Sunil Kumar, Delhi
This work will look at the Jagaran phenomenon in Delhi, especially the Jagaran parties, singers, writers and musicians, big and small. A Jagaran can be looked at as a huge employment avenue, so the financial arrangements are crucial. The other strand in the proposal will see how people gather as publics. How do they use public resources on such occasions? What is the social and administrative sanction for Jagarans? The project will generate an archive of Jagaran material: stories, song books, photos and audio.
Ponytails-Rings-Punches: Female Boxers in India
Pankaj Rishi Kumar, Mumbai
Boxing has traditionally been associated as a masculine activity, identified with the male physique and psychology. Blood, bruises, cuts and concussion, are considered to be "natural" for men, but absolutely at odds with the essence of femininity. Boxing is deeply gendered, embodying and exemplifying "a definite form of masculinity: plebeian, heterosexual and heroic". Thus, when female boxers display unconventional signifiers like aggression, power and hyper-performity, there arises a confusion and a complete lack of grammar to understand to which category they belong. The feminine signifiers (like make-up, bindis, manicured nails, and hairstyle) are culturally set "natural" signifiers, whether they are carried by a markedly feminine woman in a traditional sense or by a markedly masculine woman. In the context of female boxing, the confusion arises because they combine culturally masculine aggression and traditional feminine signifiers. Thus, in the premise of the ring, they feminise masculinity and masculinise femininity.
High Rise Hygiene: Narrativising Mumbai's New Urban Culture
Lakshmi Kutty, Mumbai
I want to explore the different narratives of hygiene and sanitation that inhabit Mumbai city spaces today, that emphasise the need for uncluttered, unperilous modes of communication and interaction, entertainment and leisure, finance and vocation, to name a few. The city space, presently and in its vision for the future,- is being plotted in terms of eliminating its polluting excesses. Public attitudes about changing lifestyles in the city, government plans for redevelopment/beautification, increasing market choices and mobility opportunities, concerned citizens groups' ideas, protests against increasing disparity in living standards — all these narratives are assigning new meanings to familiar symbols, thus creating fully new ways of seeing. What are these new models that are making earlier patterns and ways of inhabiting and consuming the city seem awkward and passé? The project will investigate the exclusionary mechanisms of scrutiny that animate the dominant discourse on hygiene, and will look at how these nuanced tools of power and control are getting articulated in certain print and visual media of the city.
A Study of Changing Banking Practices in Udaipur
Faraaz Mahmood, Udaipur
Eight months ago, when the researcher joined a prestigious private sector bank in Udaipur, he did so with the notion of ensconcing myself in a comfortable and cushioned position in the otherwise volatile world of finance. This was not to be so. He was taken in as an officer trainee but was made to garner hands-on experience right from day one. Within days he was allotted a Financial ID that made him answerable to the corporate office in Mumbai for every wad of notes he handled. Seemingly, the banking procedures have been far more spruced up logically in comparison to those practiced a decade before in the small town in which he lives. Reality, though, is in stark contrast to the virtual appearances. The name of the game is sales and marketing. Banks are no longer the safe havens to park one's hard-earned deposits and earn regular profits over a period of time. The project intends to make a compartmentalised study of six papers dealing with the profit making practices of the bank as a sales machine, and also will maintain a regular blog of events.
The Viewership of Non Commercial and Independent Film in Delhi
Anannya Mehta, Delhi
This study hopes to understand film viewing as a site of meaning, fun and sharing in Delhi. By meaning, the study hopes to convey the now virtual truism that film viewership has come to mean more than just the act of viewing. The cinematic pervades every sphere of our lives the social, the political, the emotional and certainly the economic. What is the motivation behind the mechanics of viewing, behind the habit of regular visits to Sarai, the India Habitat Centre, the Max Mueller Bhavan, the French Cultural Centre, etc? How do audiences understand, interpret and experience films?How do we unravel the ubiquitous presence of the filmic in our lives? In what way does cinema enter the everyday? What form of group congregation does it result in? If independent cinema (non commercial cinema spaces) acts as a new, still emerging public sphere where different narratives of politics, culture, debate, desire and entertainment intersect, then who are these regular film watchers? What is it that people take back with them?
Reading Histories – Migration and Culture: The Politics of Mapping and Representation of Urban Communities
Kaiwan Mehta, Mumbai
Communities, essentially housing communities are defined on various cultural frameworks that range from migration patterns, employment status, community structures, etc. Very often they create cultural zones, which are not generated through historical or social sequences, but are enforced to create preferred cultures. How does one understand the living space and community space within these living complexes? This is the essential social space that defines the way individuals imagine themselves vis-à-vis family, society and nation. These are the primary generators of notions that define society and space.
How does one holistically document these housing communities? What is a process for a holistic mapping? Architects' classical tools of the plan and map have limitations. There is a need to create a mode of representation that documents the living space and the relationships that it accommodates, the community and the politics that it generates, the form and the memories and aspirations it provokes. In this context how does one deal with mapping, documentation and archiving in this context.
This will be viewed in light of the fact that documentation and archiving are emerging strongly as a form of architectural practice and urban studies. These mappings result in generating urban histories and also define policy and planning. The inner city of Bombay, the earlier "native town", which was the area of research interest, was also a prime site for culture, religion and politics. Its history ranged from migration patterns to nationalism and riots.
Factory Closures, Plight of Workers and Urban Space
(Purba Kolkata) Nagarik Mancha, Kolkata
Lockouts in the factories of West Bengal continue to play havoc while the plight of workers of locked-out factories remains largely ignored. It is necessary to zoom in on the state of being of these "de-skilled" workers, on the changes in their lives, purchasing power and livelihood and assess the impact of factory lockouts on the urban space these workers once occupied. Conversely capital, instinctively moving from manufacturing sector to real estate business is, coupled with demands for new housing, triggering dismantling of industrial units on the plea of sickness, leading to thousands of jobless, unprotected workers. This study primarily aims at closely inspecting this synergistic relation between closing down of factories and urban space. It will also study the extent of rehabilitation or self-employment and trace its impact on the surrounding urban infrastructure like markets, schools, tea shops and trading points; observe and analyse the effect of closure on the non-worker section of this urban space; attempt to estimate the social cost of this loss of skill.
Informal Economies and Distribution Practices: Studying Bollywood
Veena Naregal, Delhi
Despite the evident cinephilia of Indian audiences and an estimated current turnover of Rs. 5000 crore, the Hindi film industry continues to largely rely on off-the-books speculative capital and parallel money markets for its finance and distribution arrangements. The distribution and exhibition sectors have been key to the industry's survival, often influencing both the content and commercial prospects of films. These features of the Indian film trade are, by now, part of popular perception. And yet, scholarly writing on the subject has so far fought shy of any sort of documentation or systematic analysis of industry practices.
The Indian market is roughly divided into five distribution territories, with the overseas market counting as a sixth segment. As Bollywood has responded to openings in global markets, the Hindi film industry has seen several changes in the last few years, including recent efforts to corporatise film finance and production. Although the scale of such interventions remain small, they raise many questions, including how these trends signify a shift in the relations between the film industry, state and market and their possible impact on production, distribution and business practices in the industry.
This study will initiate the necessary task of gathering data and practices in the distribution and exhibition sector. It will focus on representative segments of two major distribution territories: 1) Bombay: comprising of Maharashtra, North Karnataka and Gujarat; 2) Delhi and UP. The fellowship will help to gather and analyse data pertaining to the distribution strategies and trajectories for a small number of pre-identified releases over a two-month period. This data will be collected through field-survey interviews with producers, film directors, distributors, exhibitors, multiplex managers, cinema hall proprietors in metros and small towns, policy makers, banking executives, consultants, trade analysts, film journalists and scholars.
The Eastern Yamuna River Bed: Ecological Imbalance and Future Implications
Leela Rani Narzary, Nidhi Bal Singh, Sabir Haque, Delhi
The research will aim to study the new developments that are being planned in the Eastern Yamuna river bed and document the displacement of the peasants who are pushed to the fringes in the name of development. The study seeks to critique the notion of development which always meant concrete construction and nullifying the concept of National Capital Territory: pulling, as opposed to diverting, more resources into Delhi.
The study will be based on the eastern banks of Yamuna, starting from ITO to ISBT. A quick reference can be drawn from the western bank of the Yamuna which was developed during the Asian games preparation; a similar phenomenon can be seen on the eastern banks.
The Commonwealth Games village is coming up on the eastern banks of Yamuna. The population is closing on to the river, extracting every bit the river could offer. Three years ago, more than 100 farmers were evacuated to build the Akshardham temple; a structure along with commonwealth games village will adorn the eastern banks. This research will be based on the experiences of the farmers on the river banks. It will include the voices of planning experts who explain the hazards of constructions on the river flood plane area.
This research seeks to alarm the citizens of Delhi about the various problems that might come up by this crass commercialisation of the green belt which is supposed to be untouched by the concrete development of the city.
Documenting the Contemporary History of the Making of the Hindi Film Song
Prashant Pandey, Delhi
The merging of sound recording with computer technology to create a sample- and sound file-based approach to production has resulted in an enormous increase in the number of songs recorded. This includes the recording of remixes as well. According to an Indian Express report (19 September 2004) busy singers like Sonu Nigam clock around 120 songs a month (4 songs a day). It is not hard to infer that the new technology has imposed harsh demands on the singers and lyricists.
The key to success is precision, speed and a new kind of professionalism which pre-supposes an ease with recording via Internet or recording a song at home by the singer himself/herself at his/her home with/without help from sound engineers. The sending of audio files (read music) through the Internet has dramatically changed the way the industry works. Singers really do not have to be there in the studio with the music director for recording a song. Music is being produced virtually on virtual interfaces.
Blank Noise: Building Testimonies in Public Space
Jasmeen Patheja, Bangalore
Blank Noise makes its entry through street harassment / "eve teasing"— an offence granted normalcy by its sheer daily recurrence.
Blank Noise was initiated in 2003. The project in its first phase began with a series of workshops that explored the public and private identities of nine young urban Indian women. This collective participatory experience evolved into Blank Noise. Both perpetrator and victim were addressed in the final installation that included video, sound and photographs.
In Phase 2, Blank Noise seeks to intervene in the public space by addressing and confronting the public.
Foodcourts and Footbridges: Conceptualising Space in Vijaywada Railway Station
Meera Pillai, Bangalore
The study will explore how a popular public space, the Vijayawada Railway Station (the largest railway junction on the South Central Railways section in India), is used and perceived by different stakeholders, including street children, rickshaw pullers, railway officials, porters, vendors, and middle-class passengers. The study compares uses and perceptions of this space by street children, middle-class users, and those whose presence at the Railway Station is legitimised by authority. It examines the relevance of different stakeholders in the geography of this space, and asks how this important public utility space in the city reflects and contributes to diversity. It tries to understand how space is conceptualised within intersecting social relationships. It explores whether individuals and groups territorialise and claim spaces within a public utility that is supposedly for the benefit of all citizens, seeking to include some and exclude others from particular areas. Rationales constructed to justify alternative use of contested spaces, and how rules and rationales relate to differing identities and assumptions about identity may also be revealed. Mapping, photography, interviews and focus group discussions will generate data which will be presented in the form of a written report and alternative presentations.
Manuel in the City: A Semi-Fictionalised Illustrated Book on the Arrival and Absorption of Goan Migrants to Mumbai
Rochelle Pinto, Mumbai
This is an attempt to produce a semi-fictionalised illustrated book on the arrival and absorption of predominantly working-class Goans into the growing city of Bombay in the 19th century. It draws on the variety of criminalised representations of these groups available in police reports, government correspondence between Bombay and Goa, and the disparaging writings of the Goan elite. In contrast to these, is the wide range of print generated by the newly solvent migrants, which is more evocative of their encounter with the city, and the ways in which they inhabited and transformed its geography. Goan migrants who constituted nearly ten percent of the population of Goa by the end of the 19th century, were not merely absorbed into a homogenising urban machine. Their institutions and practices in fact were and are a distinct element of Bombay's urban culture. Their volatile newspapers, cookbooks, hymnbooks and popular novels are evidence of a sophisticated acclimitisation process through which migrants from scarcely monetised villages in Goa were eased through structures which prepared them to appear as salaried and wage labour in Bombay's offices, restaurants, and dockyards.
The narrative in English will weave together excerpts from advertisements, newspaper articles, novels, poems, and hymnbooks into a narrative. The primary intention in producing a fictionalised form of these accounts is to engage the interest of a wider audience particulary within Goa and Bombay in texts and in the significance of this historical moment which are never otherwise considered a part of literary or print history, and are therefore still not fully a part of a shared legacy. A secondary aim is to bolster an appeal for the preservation of newsprint and popular books produced by Goans through the 19th and early 20th twentieth century. These are valuable resources which are in a state of neglect and may soon be entirely unavailable to the Goan public.
Tracing Spatial Technology in the Rural Development Landscape of South India
Muthatha Ramanathan, Bangalore
This study will critically examine the increasing use of a new suite of technologies, remote sensing (RS) and geographic information systems (GIS), for planning in the natural resource management (NRM)-based rural development sector in India. The key question is: how is this emerging paradigm altering the nature and content of NRM-based rural development in India? The study borrows from an interdisciplinary theoretical framework that draws from Science and Technology Studies (STS) and Critical Development Geography (CDG) to research an NGO's use of these technologies to facilitate development in a cluster of villages in Raichur, Karnataka. In order to understand the everyday details of the entwined processes of technological and development practice, the researcher will undertake a multi-sited ethnography. The project will focus on the NGO's motivations for employing these technologies, and how the employment of these technologies alters practices of knowledge production in this NGO.
Hindi-Urdu Kshetra ke ek Sanskritik Kendra ke Roop mein Ilahabad ka Vikas aur Hastakshep (The Development of Allahabad and its Intervention as a Cultural Centre of the Hindi-Urdu belt)
Himanshu Ranjan, Allahabad
Allahabad emerged as a prominent cultural centre of modern esteem in the 20th century, out of a very complicated and controversial background of the so-called 19th-century renaissance (particularly that of Hindi-Urdu belt), engrossed with rivivalist trends and a typical communal divide where Hindi and Urdu were identified with the Hindu and the Muslim religious communities respectively. Ironically, the two languages belong to the same socio-historic demography of the same belt. This unnatural and imposed divide, triggered by colonial vested interests,hampered severely the healthy growth of both the literatures, whereas inherent communal hatred went on to be culminated in the partition of the country.
Nonetheless, the thread of composite culture in India's pluralistic society prevailed and was nourished significantly by our freedom struggle, anti-colonial struggle, and the new stream of nation-building as well. The century in question witnessed a number of linguistic, literary, cultural and socio-political movements, debates and discourses. The Hindi-Urdu belt provided a fertile land for the same, and it goes without saying that Allahabad has been playing a vital leading role since then.
The Political Sociology of Golf in South Asia
Mario Rodrigues, Mumbai
The golf scene in India has exploded over the last decade with a phenomenal increase in the number of courses, golfers and tournaments. Indian golfers are also shining on the international circuit.
But golf is more than a game today. It is a business, industry, career and lifestyle option. This study will examine the political, economic and social impulses that have unleashed the golf revolution in India and also the contours of its expansionism in Asia.
Golf has also become a dirty four-letter word in recent times. Golf and lifestyle projects involve appropriation of large tracts of land, often in controversial circumstances, by powerful business and political elites, displacement of marginalised peoples from traditional habitats, destruction/alteration of the environment, pollution due to the excessive use of pesticides and depletion of water reserves. This study will focus on some controversial golf projects in India where such violations may have taken place.
It will also look at attempts to promote golf tourism here and take a peep into the mystical world of celebrity and corporate golf as well as that of caddies and explore the situation of both these classes of players, separately and in their interaction.
Media Coverage of the Judicial Execution of Dhananjoy Chatterjee, and its Impact on Children in West Bengal
Biswajit Roy and Nilanjan Datta, Kolkata
Dhananjoy Chattarjee, convicted of the gruesome rape and murder of schoolgirl, Hetal Parekh, was hanged in Alipore Central jail in Kolkata early on 15 August 2004. The profound impact of media hype over his crime and punishment as well as life and death is multi-dimensional. It still haunts middle-class civil society, media and the state in Bengal. At least 20 children died while playing the convict and the hangman, thus reconstructing and reliving the drama of the ritual killing. The deadly impact of media hype was felt far beyond the middle class city homes as TVs beamed live demos by the hangman Nata Mallick and his apprentices, long before the actual hanging, to rural hamlets.
Among the dead and injured children were the cowherd boys in distant districts as well as slum children in Kolkata and semi-urban towns across the state. The impact was not limited to the West Bengal as it was evident in the reports of similar kind of child deaths from other parts of the country.
The study will be two-pronged and examine the political economy of the manufacturing of the news packages on the hanging: the dynamics of mass media's response, corporate strategies in creating and harvesting the hype. It will endeavour unravel the real nature of the mass media's "war with itself" and role of its "contradictory faces" which came to the fore during the months of media obsession with the judicial killing. Did it reflect the ideological and moral fissures within the "system", the fights against the hegemony of the dominant discourse? Or it was just a balancing act in a bid to underline its "pluralistic attitude and neutral face?"
Early Women's Magazines in Kerala and the Construction of Femininity
T. P. Sabitha, Delhi
In my project I wish to explore the modalities by which urbane femininity is constructed through the discourse of education in early women's magazines in Malayalam dating from 1886 (the year of publication of Keralasugunanabodhini, the first women's magazine in Malayalam) to 1926 (the year of publication of Vanitakusumam, the first women's magazine to raise issues concerning women to the discursive level of "rights"). Whether to educate women or not and whether it is appropriate for women to be educated in English were hotly discussed topics in Kerala in the late 19th/early 20th centuries. If such questions were answered in the affirmative, the corollary was an enquiry into what kind of education suited women and what the subjects to be taught should be.
All such debates were built on certain predetermined notions concerning femininity. These notions are not uniform or homologous. I have identified three broad discursive categories related to the project of educating women to become ideals of urbane femininity. These are: sexuality, health and hygiene, and physical appearance. All three categories of essays employ these common discursive techniques: desirability, propriety, and women's moral responsibility for the upkeep of a healthy public. What it is good to be and what it is good to do for women seem to be the two significant questions that will lead to at least tentative answers concerning the colonial and indigenous discursive elements that went into the making of a desirable woman. The dominant discursive paradigm employed in women's magazines can therefore be identified as that of morality. By looking at these three classes of essays in early women's magazines in Kerala, the study will explore the fissures in the models of desirability being made available to women through early print culture in Kerala.
Strangers in the City: The Lives and Longings of Bangladeshi Immigrants in Guwahati
Abdus Salam, Delhi
Growing up in the capital city of Assam in the turbulent years of the Assam agitation, the researcher observed xenophobia that immigration, legal or illegal, whips up in the native, those who form an older, inner layer in the societal onion. The resentment and the non-acceptance persists even in a situation where the immigrant, knowing his condition of no-return, makes an extra-effort to ameliorate cultural forms that to the native gaze constitutes an alien manifest.
To understand certain meanings of immigration, of acceptance, of crossing the bridge from being an immigrant to a native, the researcher intends to look at the clusters of Bangladeshi immigrants in Guwahati, especially in their three areas of major concentration: Noonmati, Hatigaon and Dehan Garigaon/ Bidyanagar. The study will look at what drives them to make arduous journeys across the borders of nation states, how the Indian state responds to their 'trespassings', how the city they try to adopt takes to them: does it ever become home or do they remain strangers in the city? What means do they invent to navigate the social barricades this moving to a different cultural and linguistic zone throws at them?
The Colorisation of Mughal-E-Azam
Abhishek Sharma, Mumbai
This research intends to document, record and analyze the colored reincarnation of the epic love story, Mughal-e-Azam. It will look into the colorisation, restoration and Dolby re-recording of this film, and will touch the following areas: i) How did the idea of colorisation originate? ii) How was it achieved technically? and iii) How was the film received at the box office? In short, the study will focus on the Artistic, Technical and Commercial aspects of MEA (color) and will find out that why this film represents the face of Indian cinema in all its glory and how it affects the audience of the 21st century.
Contending Techno-Paradigms of Contested Public Space: The Politics of CNG
B. Mahesh Sarma, Delhi
Cities change and mega-cites change massively. Though technologies like the metro, the high rises, the pre-fabs, the malls, CNG, ring rail, and so on appear to drive these changes, a quick look also communicates certain politics behind every one of them. The objective of this study is to unearth this politics, which gets hidden in the brilliance of the artefacts these technologies spin-off. The study intends doing this by examining in depth one of the most visible and massive technologies brought to bear upon us in the recent past, the complete conversion of Delhi's road-based public transportation system, into CNG mode. It will examine the context under which such a transformation was warranted, the process by which it was ushered in and the actors involved in the whole process, their agendas, both stated and unstated. The study would also look at the interesting ways in which the choices were brought into the public consciousness, and the manner of their negotiation and selection, and finally its results and consequences.
Mapping the Urban: GIS and Master Plans in Delhi and Bangalore
Nitin Sethi, Delhi
The study will look at the way the urban geographies of Bangalore and Delhi are being written using the master plans that are either being developed or those that exist. it shall investigate the distribution and use of geographical and embedded social information, and culminate with a workshop done with college students in understanding mapping of a region and the potential it holds.
Stories of New Entrepreneurship
Prasad Shetty, Mumbai
Contemporary reconfigurations in city economy are most evident when one finds classified government documents or bank cheques being produced in a neighbourhood slum. The rising demand for cheap labour and state's embracement of global restructurings have significantly contributed towards these reconfigurations, which began with a systematic dismantling of the formal industry and labour subsequently giving birth and nurturing a new breed: the entrepreneur agents. Their tasks included: organising material and labour and give the cheapest bid for production like the Pepsi bottle cap manufacturer or the bank cheque printer; creating demand and selling, like the Amway Agents; felicitating resources and managing crises, like the computer operators or even chit fund operators who arrange quick finances; and brokering knowledge and skills like training people in computer handling, public speaking, etc. This proposal argues that the contemporary city is a city of entrepreneur agents and to understand the new city, their entrepreneurship has to be understood. The project intends to develop a sketch of the new structure through examining the nature of the new entrepreneurships, which have new histories, new requirements and new methods of operations.
Ek Shahar ke Roop mein Gorakhpur ki Pehchan mein Gita Press aur Kalyan ki Bhoomika (Role of Gita Press and Kalyan in the making of Gorakhpur's Identity)
Jitendra Shrivastav, Delhi
Gorakhpur, even today is neither a complete city nor a town. People in nearby towns call it a city and those in cities like Lucknow and Delhi call it "city-like". In the east of Gorakhpur one finds Kushinagar, the place where Gautam Buddha attained salvation (nirvana) and in the west is the place of salvation of famous saint poet Kabirdas, Maghar. Gorakshpeeth, the math of the Nath sect is situated in Gorakhpur. It is known as Gorakhnath temple. Gorakhpur is an important city, having a large number of Hindus, Muslims, Christians and Sikhs.
The Geeta Press was established by the Late Hanuman Prasad Poddar for "the mental and character development of Hinduism". It is important to note that Geeta Press published books on Hinduism at very nominal prices. It needs to be researched, what effect these books on religion had on the scientific advancement of Hinduism. It is however very clear that these created an urge to read among the masses. H.P. Poddar published the magazine Kalyan to contribute in the building and development of Hinduism.
Gorakhpur is equally known by the two magazines: Swadesh by D.P. Dwivedi, and Kalyan. But both contribute and present an image of the city in a different way. Swadesh was an important part of the freedom struggle. It had the support and love of one and all above religion and caste which is not true of Kalyan. But still even today tourists visiting Gorakhpur want to see Geeta Press, not because of the religious feelings behind it. The present study, would endeavour to analyse in an objective way the contribution of Geeta Press and Kalyan on the city of Gorakhpur.
Samaj par Langar ka Arthik wa Samajik Prabhav: Ek Adhyayan (A Study of the Langar and its Social and Economic Impact)
Gurminder Singh, Delhi
This project seeks to study the langar as a social institution. Langar is a Persian word, which means a public kitchen. Langars were started by Guru Nanak Dev and carried forward by successive gurus. In a langar, members of the community have to pay for all expenses, bring provisions or personally contribute through labours of love, by cleaning utensils, fetching water or fuel, or taking a hand in cooking and distributing food.


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Tamara Tunie and Laurie Klatscher spar and shine in The Roommate
By Alex Gordon
Photo: Kristi Jan Hoover
Tamara Tunie and Laurie Klatscher in The Roommate
It's summertime at a big old house in Iowa City when Sharon's new roommate arrives. Robyn is a chill hippie from the Bronx, white and bohemian, with boxes full of flowy, flowery getups and weed. Sharon is polite, friendly, and reserved, and though Black and originally from Illinois, she's settled comfortably into the Iowa lifestyle. Her house is very clean and gets plenty of sunlight. She does not listen to music and, though there's a cute new yoga studio in town, she has no plans to go.
Robyn and Sharon's dynamic starts The Roommate off in familiar, though charming, territory. But City Theatre's production — written by Jen Silverman, directed by Reginald L. Douglas, running through March 24 — overcomes the broader clichés thanks to the powerful performances from its two leads.
Tamara Tunie and Laurie Klatscher, who both appeared in Pittsburgh Public Theater's The Tempest last month, are reunited here and showcase an easy, entertaining chemistry. Tunie has years of stage, film, and television experience under her belt (probably best known as medical examiner Melinda Warner on Law and Order: SVU) and that pedigree is clear in her portrayal of Sharon. The character is complex: a mix of saccharin niceties and repressed anger and sadness which Tunie navigates deftly. Klatscher is all-in as the whip-smart, cunning, funny New Yorker with a shadowy past. You can nearly feel the seeds and stems sticking to her harem pants.
After some early ice-breakers — Isn't the Bronx dangerous? You smoke cigarettes? You're a homosexual? — Robyn and Sharon settle into a pleasant cohabiting routine. They each have fractured relationships with their children; neither has much luck getting them on the phone and even when Sharon finally does, her son is brief and aloof. She's not what you might call worldly, mistaking her son's short-haired girlfriend for a lesbian, or "homosexual," a word she pronounces with discomfort and several extra syllables. Thus Robyn embraces the role of tutor, friend, and mischievous coconspirator, aka she buys a record player and gets Sharon stoned. Before long, they cook up a nefarious scheme which sees Robyn unhappily returning to her roots and Sharon getting a little too comfortable with the rush of bad behavior.
It's a classic, predictable role reversal, and like many of the devices in The Roommate, not particularly innovative. The differences between East Coast and Midwest folks, the liberating effects of dancing, and the power of good weed are all well-trodden in terms of stories about mid-life crises and the loneliness of parenthood. But it doesn't matter. The characters are so vivid and lived-in, the acting so powerful, the script so funny and lively, the play doesn't need to reinvent the wheel in its plot. The innovation happens elsewhere.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Exercise has many health benefits including aiding digestion and elimination. During the detox program, aim to do 30 to 40 minutes of moderate intensity exercise (brisk walking or swimming) and one to two sessions per week of strengthening exercises such as weights, calisthenics, yoga or pilates.
One of the easiest things to do to get your system detoxifying more is to drink lots of water. Ideally the water should be as pure as possible, from a filter is ideal. Drink at least two litres of water per day, more if it hot or you are exercising. A good rule of thumb is that if your urine is not clear, drink more. Add lemon, ginger or mint to your water to get more in!
Your home and work can be major sources of toxins. Try to eliminate or minimise your use of cleaning products (vinegar, bicarb soda, and other natural products are suitable alternatives), antiperspirants with aluminum, pesticides, herbicides, petrochemicals, paints, solvents and hair spray.
How you feel and how you think influences your health profoundly. Try to avoid being around negative, people. Choose to be positive, optimistic and focused on improving your health. If you have major stress in your life, enlisting the support of others can be useful. If you have a lot of small stresses, try meditation or yoga.
Your skin is a major organ of elimination and dead cells accumulate preventing the skin from removing toxins effectively. Before your shower, spend 5 to 10 minutes with a firm-bristled brush or loofah and scrub the skin of the arms, legs and back briskly. Your skin may feel slightly red and tingly when you are finished.
Research into sauna, massage and exercise has shown that these activities have a positive effect on reducing toxicity. Saunas promote sweating which will assist detoxification. If you have access to a sauna use it as part of your detoxification program.
They lymphatic system collects excess fluid and waste from the cells and tissues. If your lymph system is sluggish, fluid and waste build up, preventing the delivery of nutrients to cells. Detoxification stimulates the release of toxins which may overload the lymph system. Lymphatic drainage massage is a great way to stimulate the lymph and remove fluid and waste.
Proper rest and a good night's sleep are essential when you are detoxing. Try for between seven to nine hours of sleep per night. Please speak with me if you are having trouble with sleep.


text:
De Hervormde kerk (ook: Maria en Sint-Antoniuskerk) is de PKN-protestantse kerk te Aalst, gelegen aan Kerkstraat 1.

Geschiedenis
De kerk werd in de 15e eeuw gebouwd als Rooms-katholiek kerkgebouw, gewijd aan Onze-Lieve-Vrouw en Sint-Antonius. Einde 16e eeuw werd het een Hervormde kerk.

Het betreft een bakstenen eenbeukige kerk met aangebouwde toren, welke voorzien is van een tentdak. De onderbouw van de toren en een deel van de noordelijke muur van het schip zijn in tufsteen uitgevoerd en mogelijk 12e-eeuws, als restanten van een Romaanse voorganger. De zuidelijke muur van het schip is vernieuwd in 1922. Het 15e-eeuwse koor is driezijdig afgesloten.

Interieur
In de kerk bevindt zich een zerk van 1544 voor Goessens Jansz., die heer was van Aalst, en zijn vrouw Johanna van Aelst Sande. Ook is er een nis met borstbeeld van Echbert Klop Hooghdyk, deels in Lodewijk XIV-stijl uit 1722. Onder de preekstoel bevindt zich een gotische voet in hardsteen, die van een doopvont afkomstig kan zijn.

Aalst

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Per the requirements of 47 C.F.R. Section 64.1320(e), Verizon provides this statement identifying the persons responsible for handling payphone compensation and for resolving disputes with payphone service providers for Verizon's Long Distance Operations, LEC Operations and XO Communications.
Per the requirements of 47 C.F.R. Section 64.1320(e), Verizon provides this statement identifying the persons responsible for handling payphone compensation and for resolving disputes with payphone service providers for its Local Exchange Carrier ("LEC") Operations.


Announced the listing of the company's shares of common stock on the Nasdaq Capital Market and commenced trading on June 1, 2018, under the symbol "ONCY"
Management will host a conference call for Analysts and Institutional Investors at 8:30 a.m. ET, today, Friday, March 8, 2019. The live call may be accessed by dialing (877) 407-9205 for callers in North America. Overseas callers should contact investor relations for the toll-free dial information for their country. A live webcast of the call will be accessible on the Investor Relations page of Oncolytics' website at www.oncolyticsbiotech.com and will be archived for three months. A replay of the call will be available approximately two hours after the call has ended at (877) 481-4010, using the replay code 44902 and will remain available for one week.
This press release contains forward-looking statements, within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and forward-looking information under applicable Canadian securities laws (such forward-looking statements and forward-looking information are collectively referred to herein as ''forward-looking statements''). Forward-looking statements, including the Company's belief as to the potential and mode of action of REOLYSIN, also known as pelareorep, as a cancer therapeutic; and other statements related to anticipated developments in the Company's business and technologies involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties, which could cause the Company's actual results to differ materially from those in the forward-looking statements. Such risks and uncertainties include, among others, the availability of funds and resources to pursue research and development projects, the efficacy of pelareorep as a cancer treatment, the success and timely completion of clinical studies and trials, the Company's ability to successfully commercialize pelareorep, uncertainties related to the research and development of pharmaceuticals, uncertainties related to the regulatory process and general changes to the economic environment. Investors should consult the Company's quarterly and annual filings with the Canadian and U.S. securities commissions for additional information on risks and uncertainties relating to the forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned against placing undue reliance on forward-looking statements. The Company does not undertake to update these forward-looking statements, except as required by applicable laws.


Senior Management too close to their own careers and goals..self serving..micro-management mentality!
At Miller I am in charge of all CAD related work. I do all the Engineers CAD work, I work closely with contractors and provide them with all CAD related files as well as Flat files (Dated hand drawings) and maintain the CAD database. I also do some infrastructure contractor management as well.
How much does an Engineering Project Manager make at Jacobs in Canada?
Average Jacobs Engineering Project Manager yearly pay in Canada is approximately $243,484, which is 181% above the national average.


One thing Jason and I noticed right off the bat when we moved to San Antonio, is that there are a ton of stray animals. We think this is probably because of the warm climate, but also may be a lack of awareness regarding spaying and neutering. Anyway, it is really heart-wrenching for us to see all these homeless pets on a regular basis, and I knew this would eventually get us in trouble. I had a horrible experience witnessing a little kitten scrambling across a 6 lane highway a couple of weeks ago. That's right- A kitten on the highway- with cars zooming by at 65 MPH! I saw he made it to the shoulder. When I circled back around I said to myself, that if I see that kitten again- he's mine. Didn't see him and decided it's best not to get out of my car on the highway.
Last night Jason and I, and our neighborhood friend Heather were walking down our street on the way to the Alta Vista neighborhood Meet and Greet, when Heather pointed out a stray kitty that was laying in front of a house. This little guy was particularly pathetic- and seeing as all 3 of us have soft spots when it comes to cats, we just couldn't leave him there. I mean, come on, it's a kitten, it needs no further explanation. So we went back to our house with the kitten and put him in the guest house. He ate tuna and used the litter box- good sign! He's just skin and bones right now, and has an eye infection. I took him to our vet this morning to get him checked out, he's going to be much cuter once he's a little more healthy. Since our household has already met it's pet quota, and our Tweed seems to be accustomed to her 1 kitty in the house life-style (we don't want to upset the delicate balance). We're going to try and find him a happy home once he's been given the "thumbs-up" from our vet.
In other news- Jason and I are celebrating our 30th birthdays this week. And we're taking a vacation to California (San Francisco and L.A. and the coast in-between) to celebrate. This trip was planned around Slicehoster friend Jared's wedding in Livermore, CA on July 1st. We also get to visit cousin Brad and partner Jim in L.A., and Rackspace friend Adrian in L.A.
Mom's 1st visit to San Antonio came and went. We accomplished our main mission- finding a "MOG" (mother of the groom) dress for my brother Joe's wedding, which is less than an month away. We took lots of shopping detours on the way and bought a few other fun things too. Mom and I had lots of fun on our pizza making day, which involved purchasing special mail-order pizza-dough-making flour a week prior to the visit. The pizza was quite tasty, but I think I might hold off on baking pizzas from scratch again until the heat of summer is over. We went out on the town a couple of nights, and she got to meet some of our fabulous San Antonio friends. Mom found her new vacation home to be cozy and cool, so I think she'll be back!
Here we are down at the Farmer's Market, checking out the brand-new Riverwalk extension.
The Carriage House is complete- and we had a party!
As of last Friday the Carriage House is officially completed! We pasted the final inspections. So, Jason and I decided to have a big party and invited all our San Antonio friends. We had a mixture of Rackspace friends, and non-Rackspace friends, and the party was a raging success. Jason and I managed to make 60 hamburger patties from scratch the night before, and Jason manned the grill on Saturday. I think we had between 50 and 60 people- and the party lasted from 2 pm till 2 am. So our Carriage house is officially broken-in. A link to the final pictures and party pics will be posted soon! Next projects: Phase 2 - The Shed and Amanda's Quest to make this old house more energy efficient.
The Carriage House will have it's first sleep-over guest as of tonight! My mom is on her way to San Antonio for the first time. We plan on shopping and cooking together, and other girly things.
Sometimes you can find just the two of them serenading at the local pubs and restaurants in town. But what will really rock your socks off is the complete band with AJ on drums, Matt on base, and new addition- Nicholette on mandoline and back-up vocals. Be prepared for impromtu dancing at these gigs.


Last week we told readers about an exposure incident at a local church. This week we can announce that the Sugar Land Police have arrested the offender.
The woman reported the offensive behavior to one of the church's pastors who had the wherewithal to take a picture of the suspect, his car, and his license plate.
On August 22, Anthony Brian Chin, 31, of Katy, was arrested at Sugar Land Police Department and charged with indecent exposure.


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'Quite a big name' - positive response as Sainsbury's confirms plan to open in Sherwood
Work is due to start on site next month
Jamie BarlowContent editor
Penny Breakwell who lives in Sherwood. (Image: Jack O'Connor)
Up to 20 new jobs will be created at a new Sainsbury's store set to open in Sherwood.
The food giant has pledged to open a convenience store planned as part of the redevelopment of the Sherwood Library site off Mansfield Road.
Car parking will be available to customers.
Sainsbury's property director Patrick Dunne said: "This is a very exciting development and we're very pleased to announce our plans to open a new Sainsbury's Local in the heart of it.
"Our convenience store will give customers access to fresh, great value food alongside Sainsbury's renowned colleague service.
"This shop will provide residents with everyday essentials at their doorstep and the chance for workers, and visitors, to get what they need as they go about their busy daily lives."
Ashe Wright, manager at the Divine Coffee House, said: "It's quite a big name to have. I think it will be something extra for people, anything that brings people to the Sherwood high street is good.
"It will definitely boost it, it's a significant boost for Sherwood in general, there's not that many big names here. It will be nice just to have the library back as a community hub that people can use."
Hamid Reza, who is 42, and is the owner of Sherwood Booze, said: "I don't think it's a good thing for me but I like Sainsbury's - it's my favourite shop.
"I think it's very good that they're providing jobs. I have a second shop round the corner so it doesn't concern me too much and I actually like that they open so many shops. It will definitely be busier round here."
Hamid Reza, the owner of Sherwood Booze. (Image: Jack O'Connor)
Local resident Penny Breakwell, 74, of Sherwood, said: "It will be useful - there's not many groceries shop in Sherwood anymore.
"That's obviously good [the new jobs], I know an awful lot of people that have suffered and lost jobs."
Katriona Skrimshire, the owner of Roots - Natural Foods, was more sceptical.
The 50-year-old Sherwood resident said: "I'd be worried about the other shops, some people are really happy - some people aren't,
"I'm worried about the parking, losing a lot of spaces. I'm worried about the noise and mess, the environmental cost, taking the trees out."
Though she backed the job creation, she added: "I'm worried about us because Sainsbury's do sell all that we sell.
How the redeveloped library site could look. (Image: Nottingham City Council/Hockley Developments)
"There's been a lot of competition recently but it might bring a lot of new people."
Owned by Nottingham City Council, the buildings at the existing library site in Spondon Street are in a poor state - and the authority has deemed that the library no longer meets the "standards expected" by users.
Working with contractor Hockley Developments, the council's redevelopment plans have been put forward - planning documents revealing that a "blue-chip retail operator" was be announced in due course to operate from a ground floor unit.
Sainsbury's has now confirmed its commitment to the site.
The former library building is set to include retail space, offices, community facilities with seven apartments above.
At the back, 12 new-build homes are planned as well as two residential buildings set to comprise 22 apartments.
Extinction Rebellion campaigners have also spoken out about the project.
The planning application for the site is yet to be decided.
Alan Forsyth, managing director of Hockley Developments, said: "We are delighted to have Sainsbury's on board for this landmark mixed-use development in Sherwood.
"There is a lot of local excitement about this development, with family housing and apartments being built, as well as the new library and supermarket, and we look forward to getting started on site next month."
Meanwhile, work is progressing on a long-awaited Sainsbury's on land off the A612 Colwick Loop Road.
Nottinghamshire PoliceFaulty fire alarm reported at Nottinghamshire's £18.5million fire and police headquartersEngineers have been at the site carrying out repair work


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Home / / Innovating the future
There is a critical mass of expertise, passion and innovation in Glasgow today. With its shipbuilding prowess and a long-standing business and trade hub Glasgow has a long history of applied knowledge and technological success. Combined with leading universities, ambitious businesses, existing clusters, and significant and sustained investment, Glasgow's culture of innovation is leading Scotland with the creation of three innovation districts.
Innovation districts
Glasgow City Innovation District
Just east of Glasgow City Centre this 6 x 6 city block area encompasses the University of Strathclyde, the City of Glasgow College, the Royal Infirmary as well as the creative Merchant City quarter.
Phase 1 has already completed with over £100 million invested in the University of Strathclyde's Technology and Innovation Centre, inovo, and Tontine. Together these house 18 major research centres and innovation organisations and over 30 innovation companies and SMEs, including the UK's only Fraunhofer site.
>> Read more about the Glasgow City Innovation District
Glasgow University Innovation District
This innovation district, located in Glasgow's West End, is an internationally significant location for clinical and research infrastructure.
The Interdisciplinary Innovation Zone at the University of Glasgow and the Clinical Innovation Zone on the Queen Elizabeth University Hospital campus are the focal point for smart campus, precision medicine and chronic diseases, the nano and quantum world, and cultural and creative economies.
Phase 1 is expected to completed by 2023.
The Advanced Manufacturing Institute Scotland (AMIDS)
Anchored by Glasgow Airport and just 6 miles west of Glasgow, AMIDS will be home to the £65 million National Manufacturing Institute of Scotland and the £56 million Medicines Manufacturing Innovation Centre. AMIDS is poised to become an internationally recognised centre for innovation, research and advanced manufacturing.
>> Read more about AMIDS.
>> Significant investment opportunities exist within each of the Glasgow city region's three innovation districts. Download the Glasgow Innovation Districts Prospectus for more information.
Since 2011 there has been over £16 billion capital investment in infrastructure, including several notable developments for Glasgow's innovation ecosystem.
The £1 billion Queen Elizabeth University Hospital (QEUH)was opened in 2014 and is the largest critical care complex in Western Europe. Situated on the QUEH campus sits the Imaging Centre of Excellence with its 7 Tesla MRI scanner, the University of Glasgow's Teaching and Learning Centre in addition to the Stratified Medicine Scotland Innovation Centre – all in a clinical setting.
The Technology and Innovation Centre (TIC) is the University of Strathclyde's purpose-built facility where academics work in partnership with industry tenants to solve challenges in enabling technologies and the low carbon economy. Located just next door is inovo – the ideal location for savvy companies who wish to locate alongside academia.
The first project to come out of the Glasgow City Region City Deal, Tontine is a high-tech acceleration and growth space for young, aspiring businesses offering a unique mix of co-working space and account management. The likes of Incremental Group and Code Clan are recent Tontine graduates.
The £1.13 billion Glasgow City Region City Deal will significantly transform the metropolitan region over the next 20 years. The City Deal will fund major infrastructure projects, create thousands of jobs and assist thousands of unemployed people into work, improve public transport and – all driving innovation and growth.
Glasgow Convention Bureau reports best ever year-end results with conference business worth over £150 million – that's more conference business in the past financial year than ever before –...Read more...
Glasgow Airport was named Airport of the Year at the Scottish Transport Awards – one of three accolades picked up by the transport hub last night. The airport also...Read more...
Soller Group has gained consent for Carrick Square, a 290,000 sq ft office development in Glasgow's International Financial Services District. The Mosaic Architecture + Design plans are for a...Read more...


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Definition of "motion" []
The act or process of changing position or place. (noun)
A meaningful or expressive change in the position of the body or a part of the body; a gesture. (noun)
Active operation: set the plan in motion. (noun)
The ability or power to move: lost motion in his arm. (noun)
The manner in which the body moves, as in walking. (noun)
The process of continual change in the physical position of an object; movement (noun)
A movement or action, esp of part of the human body; gesture (noun)
The capacity for movement (noun)
A manner of movement, esp walking; gait (noun)
A mental impulse (noun)
A formal proposal to be discussed and voted on in a debate, meeting, etc (noun)
An application made to a judge or court for an order or ruling necessary to the conduct of legal proceedings (noun)
The evacuation of the bowels (noun)
Excrement (noun)
Part of a moving mechanism (noun)
The action of such a part (noun)
The upward or downward course followed by a part or melody. Parts whose progressions are in the same direction exhibit similar motion, while two parts whose progressions are in opposite directions exhibit contrary motion (noun)
To signal or direct (a person) by a movement or gesture (verb)
Use "motion" in a sentence
"Another patent in the steam-engine series, taken out in 1784, contained, besides other methods of converting a circular or angular motion into a perpendicular or rectilineal motion, the well-known and much-admired _parallel motion_, and the application of the steam-engine to give motion to wheel-carriages for carrying persons and goods."
"The said first Bill, in the body thereof, containeth no new matter, but is precisely the same with the motion before mentioned, and liable to all the objections which lay against the said motion, excepting the following particular, viz. that _by the motion_, actual taxation was to be suspended, so long as America should give as much as the said Parliament might think proper: whereas, _by the proposed"
"The physical refutation of the self-existence of the universe is completed by the discovery, _that all the orbs of heaven, as well as the earth, are in motion, and that an orderly and regulated motion_. ["
Words like "motion"
emotion move movement motive
motions motioned motioned proposal
rest motioning motioning motile
harmonic motion optical illusion perpetual motion perpetual motion machine


Can I serialize an object that has native methods?
Method implementations, whether native or pure Java, are not part of the serialized state of an object. There is nothing that prevents objects with native methods from being serialized.
It might however be problematic in practice to reconstitute these objects if the native code can't be loaded, e.g. when sending serialized objects over a socket where the other end doesn't have the native library installed. It is of course also a problem if the other end can't load the .class files, but native libraries can't be dynamically downloaded like .class files.


My name is Brian, and I'd like to make the world a slightly prettier place. Here are some of my attempts to do that.
I'm working on some games with the most beautiful environments I can make, and—more importantly—beautiful stories told in new and fun ways unique to the medium.
You can see illustrations I've done for web sites, contests, and just for fun.
And I'm learning to write music, too.
Have a look around, and enjoy!
I currently work as a Unity 3D developer for a research group at the School of Nursing at Case Western Reserve University. We make games that teach people how to get the most out of hospital and clinic visits.
In my free time, I like working on a variety of side projects, ranging from web sites to video games to fonts. I did freelance design for a while, and a few of the sites I made are shown here.
I have a Bachelor of Arts (yes, Arts in Computer Science from Case Western Reserve University. I don't have much formal design training, just a desire to see what I can do and how I can get better at doing it.
My favorite color is blue-grey, my favorite band Au Revoir Simone, and my favorite book is The Joy Luck Club by Amy Tan. I grew up in Tulsa, Oklahoma, and currently live with my family in Cleveland, Ohio.
Copyright © 2017 Brian Crick.


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Leroy "Roy" Barlow Jeffs (June 5, 1992 – May 29, 2019) was a former member of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS Church). He was one of the prophet Warren Jeffs' fifty four children.

Jeffs left the FLDS and was among the first of his father's children to accuse him of sexual abuse. He died by suicide eight days before his 27th birthday.

Life
Born in Sandy, Utah to Gloria Barlow and Warren Jeffs. At the time, his father was serving as the principal of a FLDS private school, and his grandfather, Rulon Jeffs, was prophet of the FLDS Church. Jeffs would have three younger full siblings (Richard, Rulon, and Patricia), and 50 half siblings. He and his family moved to Short Creek Community in 1998.

Although forbidden from having access to television or toys, Jeffs described a happy childhood— spending time landscaping and gardening with his mother. But he felt neglected and shunned by his father, and witnessed the psychological abuse of his mother (who was not one of his favored wives).

When he was around 10 years old, his father began to separate him from the rest of the family and community. Jeffs was first sent away, along with his mother, when he was 12. Three days after his father's arrest in 2006, at 14, he was sent to a ranch in Wyoming, without his mother. "I was sent from a house in hiding, to a land of refuge, which were the compounds, and that's where it was just a lot of hard labor".

Jeffs was allowed to rejoin the family at the YFZ Ranch but stayed only three weeks because of a confession to his father that he was attracted to some of his father's wives (who were close to his age). He believed the confession was necessary because "God revealed to [Warren] all of the details of your life."

Jeffs was able to reunite with his family, returning to the YFZ Ranch in December 2008, when all of Warren Jeffs' family members were sent there. He was sent to Short Creek in 2010. And in 2012, he was sent out to work at many FLDS enclaves around the United States clearing land, building houses, tending herds, and learning to repair appliances.

Jeffs was working for a church-owned company which was building a hotel in downtown Des Moines, Iowa where he hadn't talked to his family in two years, didn't get along with any of his co-workers, and hadn't been paid in months. Feeling "super alone," on 10 February 2014 he left the FLDS by running off of the job site. He purchased a one-way bus ticket to Salt Lake City.

Jeffs was the first of Warren Jeffs' children to leave his father's church.

Post-FLDS

Jeffs had dismissed the accusations of sexual abuse leveled against his father, until three of his sisters left the church and told him what they had experienced. Jeffs said his father also had sexually abused him before he was six years old, but hadn't thought of it that way until after hearing his sisters' experiences. "Basically, he was like 'Don't ever do this,' then he touched me."

Jeffs started a new life for himself, exploring the secular world as an adult. Discovering a love for Disney movies, Taylor Swift, and Friends. Jeffs was a member of the LGBT community.

At the time of his death, his mother was in hiding and Roy had not seen her in six years.

Death
Jeffs died by suicide at his home in Salt Lake City. Funeral services were scheduled for 8 June 2019 at Larkin Sunset Gardens Mortuary in Sandy, Utah. His family established a Go Fund Me account to help pay for funeral costs.

See also
 Current state of polygamy in the Latter Day Saint movement
 Mormon fundamentalism
 List of former Mormon fundamentalists
 Lost boys (Mormon fundamentalism)

References

External links
 Autobiographical talk given by Roy Jeffs at the Sunstone Salt Lake Symposium.

 Interview with Roy Jeffs, Alina Darger, and Buffy Jessop about disappearing holidays in the FLDS.

1992 births
2019 deaths
Former members of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
LGBT men
LGBT people from Utah
LGBT Latter Day Saints
People from Salt Lake City
People from Sandy, Utah
People from Short Creek Community
Sexual abuse victim advocates
Suicides in Utah
2019 suicides