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Amazon Prime Day 2022: when it is and the deals to expect
By Tabitha Baker last updated 21 December 21
Your pro guide to Amazon Prime Day 2022
Amazon Prime Day is one of the biggest shopping events of the retail calendar. Now in its eighth year, the global retailer's annual two-day deal extravaganza sees the launch of thousands of discounts on everything from electronics and home items to fashion, food, furniture and more - with many of the cheapest prices of the year.
See all today's deals at Amazon
We're expecting Amazon Prime Day 2022 to be another mega-sale. During Prime Day last summer, total online retail sales in the US exceeded $11 billion, according to Adobe Analytics data.
That's more than was spent online the previous Cyber Monday ($10.9 billion) - which was the biggest shopping day of 2020. And it's more than the most recent Cyber Monday too ($10.7 billion), although Prime Day does last for 48 hours rather than just one day.
The date of Amazon Prime Day 2022 is currently still tightly under wraps. Amazon doesn't normally release this information until a week or two before the event - but we've been covering it for long enough to be able to make some strong predictions.
Here's everything you need to know about the next Prime Day, from the date we're expecting it to launch, to our predictions for the best Amazon deals during the annual shopping event.
Amazon Prime Day 2022: everything you need to know
When is Amazon Prime Day 2022?
We predict Amazon Prime Day 2022 will be on Monday, July 18 - Tuesday, July 19. Amazon is unlikely to officially announce the date of its annual sales event until much closer to the time, but we think the retailer will once again run a 48-hour mega-sale with thousands of daily deals, and it'll bring the event back to mid-July, rather than holding it in June, as it did last summer.
Prime Day date history
Eighth: July 18-19, 2022 (predicted)
Seventh: June, 21-22, 2021
Sixth: Oct 13-14, 2020
Fifth: July 15-16, 2019
Fourth: July 16-17, 2018
Third: July 11-12, 2017
Second: July 12, 2016
First: July 15, 2015
Last year, Prime Day was moved to June 21-22 for the first time. The event came just eight months after Amazon was forced to postpone Prime Day until mid-October, following stock shortages and delivery delays caused by the coronavirus pandemic in 2020.
Prior to this, Prime Day was always held in July. It started as a 24-hour shopping event back in 2015, before growing to 30 hours in July 2017 and later expanding to a full two days.
What is Amazon Prime Day?
Prime Day is Amazon's biggest sale of the year. Usually held during the summer months, the annual two-day deals event is for Prime members only - while there are non-Prime offers on the site throughout the sale, all the best discounts are Prime Day deals.
To be eligible for the deals, you'll either need to sign up for Prime membership for $12.99 per month, or $119 per year, or you can start a free 30-day Prime trial closer to the date, once it's been announced.
If you're not intending to keep Prime after the sale, just make sure you cancel it within the one-month trial period. ( You can read our Amazon Prime review if you're not sure.)
How to sign up for a free 30-day Prime trial
1. Go to Amazon Prime
2. Select: Start your free trial
3. Follow the on-screen instructions if prompted
4. Start browsing deals
Prime Day originally started in 2015 as a celebration of Amazon's 20th anniversary. Designed to encourage people to spend outside of the October-December holiday season, the online retailer says its only goal was to "offer a volume of deals greater than Black Friday".
Since then, it's ballooned into one of the biggest sales in the global retail calendar, with many other large retailers launching promotions of their own to take advantage of the huge online audiences around Prime Day.
We'll be rounding up the best Prime Day deals at Amazon here once they start - and we'll bring you the biggest offers from the likes of Walmart, Best Buy, Target, Home Depot and others too.
What are the best Prime Day deals?
Every year, without fail, the best Prime Day deals are on Amazon devices. The retailer always drops the prices of its popular smart speakers, e-readers, security cameras and other devices to the lowest of the year - although we do sometimes see these prices return on Black Friday and Cyber Monday.
4 key stats from Amazon Prime Day last year
Total items bought worldwide:
More than 250 million globally
Most popular item: Fire TV Stick 4K with Alexa Voice Remote
Best-selling categories worldwide: included tools, beauty, nutrition, baby care, electronics, apparel, and household products
Back to school stats: one million laptops, one million headphones, 600,000 backpacks and 240,000 notebooks sold
Data source: Amazon
The Fire TV Stick 4K with Alexa Voice Remote was the most popular item purchased last Prime Day, according to Amazon. On sale at half price ($24.99, down from $49.99), the streaming media player was bought by more people on Prime Day last year than any previous Prime Day.
Other big sellers included Amazon's Echo-branded smart speakers. Our data showed the Echo Dot (fourth-gen) to be a Prime Day favorite, once again, for readers of TechRadar, Tom's Guide, T3 and other Future PLC websites. It hit record lows in June, dropping to $24.99 from $49.99.
However, one trend we've noticed over the last two years is Amazon making more of an effort to boost its marketplace sellers.
Last year, Prime Day was the biggest two-day period ever for Amazon's third party sellers, according to the retailer, resulting in a huge boost in Prime Day deals across home, fashion, beauty and electronics - more than 250 million items were bought worldwide.
In the US, the top-selling Prime Day deals excluding Amazon devices, included:
Waterpik Electric Water Flosser ($40, was $70 at Amazon)
Organic Organic Plant Based Protein Powder ($15, was $27 at Amazon)
23andMe Health DNA Test ($99, was $199 at Amazon)
iRobot Roomba 692 Robot Vacuum ($199.99, was $299.99 at Amazon)
Instant Pot Duo Plus 6 Quart Pressure Cooker ($54, was $119.95 at Amazon)
Amazon Prime Day 2022: our predictions
There are more Amazon deals every year - but not all products receive good discounts on Prime Day. Amazon's own range of smart home devices and tablets are the easiest to predict. Every year we see new record-low prices on the vast majority of Amazon devices, and we expect to see that trend continue in 2022.
Last year, Amazon's Echo smart speakers dropped to new record-low prices, with the latest fourth-gen Echo Dot half price, at $24.99, and the more powerful Echo down from $99.99 to $59.99. In 2022, we expect prices to fall a little further, with the Echo Dot potentially matching the current $20 tag of the previous generation. Plus, we expect more savings on Fire tablets, Kindles e-readers and brands like Blink, Ring and Eufy as well.
If you're looking to buy a decent 4k TV though, think again. Amazon rarely offers big discounts on mid-range and high-end TVs over Prime Day - although there are usually plenty of excellent deals on cheaper Fire-enabled TVs. Still, we're always hopeful. We'll be tracking the best Prime Day TV deals on the day, so stay tuned...
Amazon rarely offers big discounts on mid-range and high-end TVs over Prime Day - although there are usually plenty of excellent deals on cheaper Fire-enabled TVs.
What about this year's Prime Day laptop deals? Well, Prime Day isn't usually the best time to buy a laptop, but last year saw an improvement in deal quality over the year before, and we hope to see this trend continue. Amazon typically lacks variety in the lower mid-range ($300 - $500) on Prime Day. However, last year the retailer provided a slightly better range of laptop deals, with some decent offers in this price category. They were largely limited to cheap Chromebooks or premium ultrabooks and gaming laptops though.
It doesn't look like the global chip shortage is going to end any time soon, as we reported previously. However, we are seeing some of the pressures caused by the pandemic continue to ease, and we're hopeful that laptops will become more of a focus for Prime Day 2022.
If you've got a new Apple device in mind, though, timing is going to be critical. The quality of Prime Day 2022's offers is going to depend on Apple's own release schedule, as while these devices do see some excellent prices when a new generation launches, stock on older models runs out incredibly quickly.
With new M1 Macbooks on the way and considering the M1 iPad Pros will have had plenty of time to mature on the shelves (and perhaps a new generation will be already out in the wild) by next year, we may see even better prices on Apple devices over Prime Day 2022. However, if new models come too early or too late in the year we may also be caught between launches.
These products do see big discounts when a new model lands, but they tend to fly off the shelves and stay off them. Amazon wasn't selling any 2020 iPad Pros or older 2020 MacBooks over Prime Day this year, so if we're too far away from a new generation stock may impede these discounts.
How to prepare for Prime Day 2022: pro tips
Whether you're hopeful for a new kitchen device or a laptop, it's worth making sure you know exactly what you want to get from this year's Prime Day deals.
That means going beyond the brand or model you are looking for, and taking note of the specs and features that are important to you. In the heat of the moment there's going to be a lot of prices and specs flying around, and to get the best Prime Day deals possible you'll need to know exactly what you're looking for.
Plus, your first choice model may not even be discounted which means you'll also want to find out which features you're willing to sacrifice for a lower price and what you would be willing to spend above your budget if there was bags of extra value in a slightly higher cost.
That also means doing a little research on what prices you can expect to see. We cover laptop deals, TV deals, Dyson Airwrap deals and all manner of other products all year round - see all our deals listings. Keep an eye on these pages in the run-up to Prime Day to get an idea of what a good discount might look like for the product you want.
How to find the best Prime Day deals
The best Amazon Prime Day deals don't always make themselves immediately apparent. However, they do sell out fast so you'll need to go in with a game plan. Here's our top tips for bagging the best Prime Day deals for you.
1. Find an Amazon Prime free trial...
Amazon Prime Day is technically reserved for Prime members only, however Amazon usually offers free trials in the lead up to the event to make sure it has as large a customer base as possible. If you're not already subscribed, you'll find free trials available up to three weeks in advance but be sure to time your membership to run over the Prime Day dates once we know them.
2. ... but don't rely on it
Last year we saw more retailers participating in Prime Day-esque sales in order to steal a little of Amazon's pie. We expect stores like Walmart and Best Buy will be running their own discounts over the same period this year, which means you'll want to be shopping around to find the best Prime Day deals possible - because some may not even be on Amazon at all.
3. Know what you want to buy...
If you're coming into Amazon Prime Day with your eyes on a prize, you're already in a fantastic position to scoop up a saving. Knowing what you want to buy means you can filter through to the exact product you're after without having to wade through the lightning deals, wasting time while doing so. Check the specs, features, and any design considerations you're after beforehand and, if possible, check out some options in-store so that you know exactly what you're looking for on the big day.
4. ... but stay flexible
That said, it's unwise to rest on the assumption that the particular TV or tablet you're after will be on sale. You can waste a lot of time trying to find any discounts on the particular model you're after if there are just no savings to be found - and you may be missing out on more valuable Prime Day deals in the process. It's great to go in with a brand and model in mind, but think about what you want to get out of it and be flexible with these specs and features for the best value possible.
Similarly, you'll want to build some flexibility into your budget. While it's never a good idea to get caught up in the moment and break the bank, it's worth shopping around similarly specced models to see if you can't pick up far better value just by springing an extra $10 or $20.
5. Get in there early...
When Prime Day itself rolls around, you'll want to be one of the first through the doors to give yourself the most time to find the best offers for you. High profile discounts on the year's hottest tech do run out quickly, so we wouldn't wait around too long if you do stumble across the perfect price.
6. ... but check back throughout the event
Just because you've managed to secure your dream deal straight out the gate doesn't mean Amazon is done. New deals are released throughout the entire sales window, which means you may find a better option worth cancelling your original order for.
Amazon Prime Day vs Black Friday - should you wait?
Both Amazon Prime Day and Black Friday generally offer discounts on the same kinds of devices, but there are a few differences between the sales events that hold bearing over both the value on offer and the ease of actually getting the deals into your basket.
Amazon Prime Day deals are largely focused on Amazon itself, with others like Best Buy and Walmart competing against them. Competition among shoppers is also significantly reduced on Prime Day, which all together means that deals are generally easier to find, easier to price check, and won't run out of stock so quickly.
However, Black Friday is set across a much larger range of retailers, often with prices that manage to come in just a little cheaper and a wider variety of brands on sale. That does mean a lot more work to make sure you're getting the best offer possible, and keeping a close eye out for limited stock flash sales that make up for most of those lowest price records. However, with more competition between retailers we do tend to see slightly heavier discounts in November.
Of course, you may also simply want your tech sooner. If so, we wouldn't recommend waiting too long for a discount. There's no guarantee that prices will be any different come Black Friday, and with such an increase in competition you're also less likely to come across the best deals before they're gone as well.
Prime Day last year
There was plenty to sink your teeth into over Amazon Prime Day this year, with discounts on everything from headphones to the Nintendo Switch. Some categories, however, did perform better than others.
Laptop deals, for example, were available with some slightly better discounts than we were anticipating, whereas 4K TVs didn't seem to offer the variety and quality of discounts that we may have been used to before. We saw very few discounts on LG and Samsung's 2021 models and returning sales on older 2020 devices. If you were after a 4K TV on Amazon Prime Day this year, options were somewhat limited to the retailer's own Fire-enabled displays.
Of course, Amazon's biggest sellers were its Echo and Echo Dot devices, both seeing brand new price lows at $59.99 and $24.99 respectively. However we also saw some excellent savings on previous generation Echo Show 5 and Echo Show 8 smart displays, meeting or just surpassing previous discount records.
Here are all the best Amazon Prime Day deals we saw last year...
Last year's best Amazon Prime Day deals
Amazon Echo Dot (4th gen): $49.99 $24.99 at Amazon
Save $50 - Our favorite Prime Day device deal was a massive 50% discount on the best-selling Echo Dot. That brought Amazon's latest smart speaker down to just $24.99, which is the lowest price we've seen and a fantastic deal for this Alexa-enabled feature-packed speaker.
Amazon Echo (4th Gen): $99.99 $59.99 at Amazon
Save $40 - If you're looking for more power, Amazon had the 4th Generation Echo smart speaker on sale for a record-low price of $59.99. The smart speaker delivers rich sound that adapts to any room and works with Amazon Alexa to become a smart home hub.
Great deal on the best headphones in 2021
Sony WH-1000XM4 headphones: $348 $237 at Amazon
Save $111 - These wireless headphones deliver excellent noise-cancellation and surprisingly great sound quality all in a lightweight, comfortable design. We think they're amazing and they can proudly claim their place at the top of our best headphones of 2021 list. At $237 they beat their previous record low of $278 by a considerable margin as well.
Sony 65-inch A8H BRAVIA OLED 4K Ultra HD Smart TV: $2,498 $1,798 at Amazon
Save $700 - This gorgeous OLED TV packs a stunning picture and great sound quality with an ultrawide viewing angle making it a superb choice for a home cinema upgrade, especially at this record-low price.
iPad 8th generation (32GB): $329 $299 at Amazon
Save $30 - Amazon returned to this wildly popular $299 price tag on the 8th generation iPad over Prime Day, but we had been seeing this price for a few months beforehand. Still, with $30 off you were getting a record low price here and stock seemed to hold out well on all colors throughout the event.
Samsung The Frame 43-inch 4K TV: $999.99 $797.99 at Amazon
Save $202: The premium 2021 Samsung Frame 4K TV took its first ever price cut in this year's Prime Day deals - all the way down to just $797.99. We hadn't seen Amazon discounting this luxury Quantum HDR display before these sales so you were getting an excellent deal here.
AirPods Pro: $249 $189.99 at Amazon
Save $60 - We hadn't seen the AirPods Pro drop down to this $189.99 position for a long time - they've been stuck at $199 for a few months now. However, you did have another chance to grab these premium ANC earbuds for an extra $10 off over Prime Day, before they quickly sold out.
Apple MacBook Air (M1, 2020): $999 $899 at Amazon
Save $100 - The M1 MacBook Air dropped back down to its record low $899 price in this year's Prime Day deals, after weeks of being stuck at $949. This offer came courtesy of an additional $49 discount at checkout.
Samsung Galaxy Buds Pro: $199.99 $169.99 at Amazon
Save $30 - Samsung only released the Buds Pro earlier this year, which is why this $30 discount was so impressive - especially considering it actually appeared the week before Prime Day. We had seen this price once before, but the ANC true wireless earbuds had never dipped below $169.99 in their short time on the market so far.
Apple iPad Air (2020): $599 $519.99 at Amazon
Save $80 – This was the lowest price we had ever seen on the excellent iPad Air 4 at Amazon, and since then this $519.99 sales price has been fleeting. That made this a fantastic opportunity to snag a bargain on a great tablet.
Marvel's Spider-Man: Miles Morales Ultimate Edition: $69.99 $49.99 at Amazon
Save $20 - You could save 29% on Marvel's Spider-Man Miles Morales Ultimate Edition with this great Prime Day deal. The Ultimate Edition comes with Marvel's Spider-Man Remastered, so you can play both of Insomniac Games' unmissable Spider-Man games on your PS5.
iRobot Roomba 614 Robot Vacuum: $249.99 $211.49 at Amazon
Save $38 - You can rely on great cleaning power with the Roomba 614 but you won't have to pay a fortune for fancy extras because this machine just gets the job done. With $38 off, this Roomba deal was great for those that want to keep it simple.
Samsonite Omni PC Luggage: from $139.99 $105 at Amazon
Save $34.50 - There was a 24% discount on the 20-inch carry-on version of this super-popular hardback expandable luggage from Samsonite. It has spinner wheels for moving it around easily, plus a scratch-resistant shell, side-mounted locks and a 10-year warranty. There's also a two and three-piece set if you prefer. This one flew over Prime Day - and with a host of positive user reviews, it's well worth considering.
What happened in last year's Prime Day deals?
Last year, Prime Day was delayed until October 13-14, in an unprecedented move for the sixth annual shopping event. It made sense: consumers were facing an economic downtown over the summer, and the delay also gave Amazon time to deal with the huge increase in orders it had seen during lockdown.
Despite concerns around stock and shipping during the pandemic, Prime Day was even bigger than the year before, with an extra $3.24bn-worth of products sold globally.
Some $10.4 billion-worth of goods were sold in total, so what were people buying? Well, according to Amazon - and our data mirrors the findings - the best-selling products globally were (as usual) Amazon's own devices: the Echo Dot and Fire Stick 4K.
Other top sellers included the iRobot Roomba Robot Vacuum, LifeStraw Personal Water Filter, LEGO Star Wars Stormtrooper Helmet, Bose QuietComfort 35 II wireless headphones and Fitbit Versa 2 smartwatch. Robot vacuums, in particular, were hot products on our pages.
Tabitha Baker
Tabs is a Deals Editor at TechRadar, bringing you all the latest savings on the tech everyone's talking about and covering deals on gaming, laptops, tablets and more in the US and UK. Happiest with a DualSense controller in her hand, she's also contributed to GamesRadar, Tom's Guide and T3 and specializes in gaming hardware and computing.
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The History of the University of Arkansas began with its establishment in Fayetteville, Arkansas, in 1871 under the Morrill Act, as the Arkansas Industrial College. Over the period of its nearly 140-year history, the school has grown from two small buildings on a hilltop to a university with diverse colleges and prominent graduate programs. Its presidents have included Civil War general Daniel Harvey Hill, John C. Futrall, and J. William Fulbright.

Establishment of the University
Prior to the establishment of the University of Arkansas, higher education existed sporadically throughout the state of Arkansas in the form of small academies and institutions, such as Cane Hill College not far from Fayetteville, and St. John's College in Little Rock.  In addition, Fayetteville was also home to Arkansas College, which enjoyed a high reputation statewide and regionally until the destruction of the school's buildings in 1862 by fire. However, by the outbreak of the Civil War, there were no state supported institutions, despite Antebellum attempts by various Arkansas governors to use the proceeds from federal lands bequeathed to Arkansas upon achieving statehood to establish an endowment for their creation. Instead, these funds were siphoned off by the legislature for support of other state programs. Incidentally, the same year that saw the burning down of Arkansas College also saw the introduction of legislation in the United States Congress that eventually resulted in the establishment of the University of Arkansas.

In 1862, President Abraham Lincoln signed into law the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act, which offered to states federal land to sell with the proceedings going towards the establishment of state educational institutions. It was not until Reconstruction that the Arkansas legislature was able to take advantage of the act. The legislature had already shown its desire to establish an institution with Article 9, Section 3, of the Arkansas Constitution of 1868, which stated:

The General Assembly shall establish and maintain a State University, with departments for instruction in teaching, in agriculture and the natural sciences, as soon as the public school fund will permit.

Finally, in 1871, after one aborted attempt to pass a statute to mandate the establishment of an institution, the legislature passed, "An Act for the Location, Organization, and Maintenance of the Arkansas Industrial University, with a Normal Department Therein." This act called upon the legislature to accept the Morrill Act, establish a board of trustees, and established a process by which "any county, city, or incorporated town," could compete to be the location of the university by means of bonds, taxes, and donated sums. However, by the rules of the Morrill Act, the state had until February 12, 1872, to have the university founded and operating to qualify, leaving less than a year to accomplish the deed.

There were three principal competitors to be the host of the new state university, Pulaski County (Little Rock), Independence County (Batesville), and Washington County (Fayetteville and Prairie Grove). Of the three, however, only the Fayetteville-Prairie Grove and Batesville supporters won requisite local elections to legitimize their bids to the legislature created board of trustees. The board of trustees was composed of eleven members, the state superintendent of public instruction, ex-officio president, and ten elective members approved by vote of a joint meeting of the Arkansas legislature with each selected from one of the ten judicial districts. Two men, Lafayette Gregg and David Walker, were among the primary pushers in Washington County to secure the successful passage of the bid via election and later played instrumental roles in the university's history. At this point, the board of trustees then traveled to both towns to judge the locations personally before selecting the winning bid.

The board of trustees visited Batesville on September 24, 1871, and arrived in Fayetteville after a journey that involved the usage of trains, stagecoaches and steam boats by October. By the 11th of same month, the board of trustees put to a vote the two choices of Fayetteville and Batesville for the location of the new university. In a mixed vote, Fayetteville was selected, with the majority of the board in favor of Washington County as the location of the University of Arkansas.

Construction
Upon the selection of Fayetteville as the location for the state university, the board established two committees; one to supervise the procurement of land and construction of facilities, the other to organize the actual selection of instructors, establish departments, and to equip the university for operation. The date of their establishment was approximately four months prior to the deadline of February 12, 1872, after which the state would lose the benefits of the land grant act if the two committees could not have the university up and running by that time.

The homestead of William McIlroy, a local farmer and merchant, had been selected as a location for the university and purchased at cost of $12,000 by the Fayetteville lobbying committee prior to the final decision of the board. At the time, the grounds consisted of a total of , just over a third of it cultivated, a six-room residence, several outbuildings, and an orchard spread over four acres. By January 1, 1872, the committee had arranged for the completion of a two-story frame building, no more than twenty-four by forty feet and with enough room to hold around 120 students. The total expense of the building was only $975, a fraction of the planned cost a permanent main building limited to $120,000. Six months later, a second similar building was erected for twice as much as the first to satisfy expected demands of the first matriculating class.

The construction of the iconic Old Main building did not begin until 1874. Earlier, the board of trustees had placed newspaper advertisements inviting architectural plans in line with a building costing between $85,000 and $120,000.  From this search, the board had initially adopted plans drawn up by the Helena firm of McKay and Hemle. This decision did not remain in plan for long, due to the lobbying by individuals who had visited the University of Illinois previously by the selection of the board to investigate similar land grant universities. The lobbyists had returned with flattering drawings and descriptions of school's university hall and had quickly won over the board. The design by McKay and Hemle was dropped, and the board purchased a copy of the Illinois building plans, designed by Chicago architect John M. Van Osdel for $1,000.

On July 4, 1873, the board of trustees opened up bidding for the construction of the hall, which was eventually won by the local Fayetteville firm of Mayes and Oliver at a bid of $123,855. Incidentally, John McKay of McKay and Hemle, was given the job of supervising architect by friends on the board, a job he held for one year until dismissed by a new board. Alexander Hendry was selected as his replacement by Lafayette Gregg, who had played an instrumental role in bringing the university to Fayetteville, and later, closely oversaw the construction of Old Main. Much of the materials of the building were of local origin, with sandstone quarried near to the university, while the bricks (over 2.5 million of them) were fired not far from the present student union. Construction was declared complete and the hall opened on June 17, 1885. Despite the declaration, the upper two floors and the basement were left unfinished due to the belief they would be finished later when the student population had grown larger. The final cost of the building was more than $134,000.

The early years

The first graduation ceremony held was in the spring of 1876, and consisted of a class consisting of students entirely from Fayetteville and numbering eight. Over the next fifteen years, approximately 5,000 students matriculated through the university. From the opening of the university until 1877, the school was watched over first by an acting president, Noah P. Gates, then the first permanent president, General Albert Webb Bishop, and again by Gates, upon Bishop's resignation as the Reconstruction period ended in Arkansas. Bishop, a Union general, was replaced by Daniel H. Hill, a Confederate general, in June 1877 after General Joseph E. Johnston turned down the offer of the presidency. Hill brought an emphasis on classical and mathematical education, and downplayed the agricultural and technological elements for which the university had originally been established. Furthermore, Hill placed great importance on discipline, willingly expelling students for non-academic violations.

By June 1884, Hill, tired of in fighting with the faculty, resigned after seven years and was replaced by another Confederate veteran, Colonel George. M. Edgar. Problems concerning the direction of the school led Edgar to resign only three years later, to be replaced by Colonel Edward H. Murfee. Under Murfee, and his predecessor ten years later, Albert E. Menke, the school was pushed by Little Rock to adopt and promote its agricultural mission. For all that the legislator in Little Rock pushed for the school to adhere to its founding principle, a lack of interest by both students and faculty resulted in general failure. President John Lee Buchanan, former professor of Latin at Vanderbilt University, saw the university into the 20th century, as well the change of the school's official name of Arkansas Industrial University to University of Arkansas in 1899.

During this time period, the student publications appeared, such as The Cardinal (later replaced by The Razorback), as well as the Arkansas Traveler, the school's newspaper. Hill Hall, later demolished to make way for David W. Mullins Library, was constructed in 1901 as a boys' dormitory. Shortly thereafter, Buchanan retired to be replaced by Henry S. Hartzog, who was then followed by John N. Tillman. It was during Hartzog's tenure that Carnall Hall, a girls' dormitory, was built, and remains standing to this day. Tillman had been the selection of Governor Jeff Davis, and a blatantly political one at that. Such was the outrage of his predecessor, Hartzog, that the former president used his pulpit at the 1905 graduation, to rail against the decision as his last speech in an official capacity. Under Tillman, the tradition of Senior Walk was begun in 1905, the school officially changed its mascot from the cardinal to the razorback, as well was held the competition that selected the school's alma mater (won by Brodie Payne for a reward of $50). Tillman's presidency came to a screeching stop in 1912 due to student protests over a scandal concerning school finances, which resulted in the expulsion of 36 students, that in turn led to general strike by the entire student body that lasted four days. The student dislike of their president, joined with the support of the citizens of Fayetteville, was enough to lead the board of trustees to request Tillman's resignation. Tillman's popularity suffered little, as two years later, he was elected to the first of five terms as a United States Congressman.

Presidency of John C. Futrall
After two tenuous years of temporary presidents and a nationwide search for a permanent replacement to Tillman, the board of directors finally selected John Clinton Futrall as the university president. Futrall was not a candidate from afar, but had been a professor of Latin and Greek since 1895, and was the first head coach of the school's football team. Inherited from Tillman's administration was a dire financial crisis, severe enough that the school had to borrow money to pay for student labor. Futrall quickly sought to correct the situation by lowering salaries, decreasing services, and firings. His goal of fiscal solidity for the university was joined by Governor Charles H. Brough, who pushed through legislation guaranteeing the school a percentage of the state property tax.

Futrall's administration remains to the present the longest of any University of Arkansas president, spanning twenty-five years and ending only with his death in 1939. In this time period, Futrall successfully defended against the relocation of the university to Little Rock, the official accreditation of the college in the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, survived two revolts, one by students and another by bankers, and oversaw the construction of most of the collegiate gothic buildings on campus. The funding for the new buildings was made possible by a bonds from the state and resulted in the construction of the engineering and agricultural buildings in 1926 and 1927, respectively. The issue of money also lead Futrall to actively deciding to limit the post-graduate studies at the school. While the Graduate School was established in 1927, Futrall's decision to limit its cost, lead to no doctoral programs until after his death.

The Bankers Agricultural revolt had its origin in 1919 when the Profitable Farming Bureau (PFB), an agency established by bankers in Little Rock, to promote further investment in agriculture, began to pressure Futrall and the Board of Directors on the issue of the university's College of Agriculture and extension services. In effect, the PFB sought to place an individual educated in modern agricultural practices of the day, as well loyal to its purposes and aims, in charge of the department and its extension services; something that Futrall absolutely refused to consider. Under the growing stress placed on the university by the PFB, the financially tight Futrall and board, undertook the purchase of  of farm land at $123 an acre. Futrall ultimately fended off the attempt by PFB to gain de facto control of the university's agricultural program by choosing a new dean who meet all the requirements that the PFB wanted, but one who was loyal to Futrall and not the agency.

Not long after the conclusion of this battle, a new one ensued, this time concerning the removal of the university from Northwest Arkansas. It began with the introduction of a bill in the state House of Representatives, by a representative from Pope County, to break away the Colleges of Agriculture and Engineering and place them in Russellville. As part of the attempt, the proponents from Pope County had gained the support of individuals from Pulaski County, in exchange for assisting later with any attempts to move the school or parts of it to Little Rock. Both the university and Fayetteville fought the move, and the bill was successfully beaten back in a vote of 52 to 37. Despite the setback, new bills were submitted to time a statewide referendum on the matter with the holding of the 1924 Democrat primary. Proponents of the move went so far as to establish the Arkansas University Removal Association to lobby for a more successful result. Among the chief defenders of the university was Vol Walker and former governor Brough, and after hours and days of speeches for and against the move, the issue was silenced when the state Senate voted to indefinitely postpone any vote upon the bill urging the school's removal.

By 1938, the growing university needed a student union building, and Futrall began charging a $2 per year "student union" fee. The result was Memorial Hall, one of three buildings funded by the Public Works Administration. The Home Economics Building and Classroom Building (part of what is now Ozark Hall) were also added. The Jackson, Tennessee native would never see the final fruits of his labor, however, as Futrall died on September 12, 1939, in an automobile accident on his way back from Little Rock. In addition to the aforementioned events of his time as president, he oversaw the creation of a student government, the expansion of student extracurricular activities, and the founding of the School of Law, amid other significant moments in the history of the school. The Board of Trustees passed a resolution to posthumously name the new student union building "Futrall Memorial Hall" in the president's honor.

The Second World War and after

During World War II, Arkansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission.

J. William Fulbright was selected after a short period by Governor Carl E. Bailey to assume the presidency of the university, a term that ended only two years later with his firing by Bailey's successor, Homer Adkins. In the brief time that Fulbright was president, he essentially continued the policies left behind by the deceased Futrall, though for the first time, the school's stadium became known as Razorback Stadium. Fulbright's termination came as a result of Adkins' election, who had promised to "[t]ake the University out of [p]olitics." As a result, Adkins with the assistance of the legislator, changed the process by which the board of trustees was elected, and followed that with the firing of a number of high-ranking individuals at the university. Fulbright later gained revenge on Adkins, by defeating the governor for the Senate seat in 1944.

Arthur M. Harding was selected as the new president immediately following the firing of Fulbright, and kept the position until 1947. His term as president was markedly different than most of his predecessors, as the university underwent change to support the war effort. Such changes included the establishment of four quarter terms, instead of two semesters, barracks were built surrounding the university for military personnel, and the largest student group on campus was an army air corps unit.

Harding was succeeded by Lewis Webster Jones, with the law school dean, Robert A. Leflar, serving in an interim capacity for a brief period of time. Under Harding, the Fine Arts Center was established on campus, as well the creation of a medical center, attached to the School of Medicine, situated in Little Rock. Doctoral programs, long avoided for cost during the Futrall years, were implemented in the late 1940s and early 1950s. It was also during Jones' tenure that the university became the first white Southern university to allow the admission of an African-American since Reconstruction and the first ever to a post-graduate school, with the entry of Silas H. Hunt to the School of Law.  Jones departed the university in 1951 to assume the presidency of Rutgers University. Hunt's enrollment at the University of Arkansas was also regarded as the first successful school integration in the United States below the Mason-Dixon Line. The same year, the University of Arkansas Medical School would join the University's Law School in integrating as well. Edith Irby Jones, who was also among the African Americans who enrolled at the University of Arkansas in 1948, would become not only the first African American to enroll at the University of Arkansas, but the first African American to enroll below at a standard school in the Southern states. Despite Hunt's untimely death in 1949, fellow Unverisity of Arkansas Law School student Jackie would become the first African American to graduate from the University of Arkansas in 1951.

Assuming the job of university president in 1952 was John T. Caldwell. Caldwell began his term by completing a number of projects begun by his predecessor, such as the establishment of the School of Nursing. Despite a cool relationship with Governor Orval Faubus, the two never interfered with the other's realm, with the governor offering no opposition to the university's work at integrating its Fayetteville and Little Rock campuses. Caldwell's replacement was David Wiley Mullins, of whom the present library is named for. Mullins formally became president in 1961 during the centennial of the Morrill Act, and oversaw the great burst of growth and expansion of the university during the twelve years of his administration.

Under Mullins' watchful eye, most of the multiple story dormitories, now visibly present on the Fayetteville skyline were constructed, as well as the Graduate Education building, science and engineering buildings, and the now demolished Carlson terraces. A new student union was built with the old track and field space becoming an outdoor mall area, now situated between the library and the union, and the Fine Arts Center and the law school. Growth went beyond student enrollment and buildings with record private contributions flowing in to the tune of nearly three million dollars from 1962 to 1965.

Modern era
Mullin's administration was followed by the presidency of Charles Edwin Bishop, who continued the building projects begun under his predecessor. The greatest impact of Bishop's tenure was the establishment of the University of Arkansas System, which re-organized a number of community colleges and state universities into a unified entity. The next president, James E. Martin, went further with the creation of the chancellor position at the university, which in effect carried the roles and duties formerly possessed by the office of university president. In addition, the University of Arkansas Press was established during his tenure.

Thus, in 1982, Bill Allen Nugent became the first chancellor of the university after 110 years, which then allowed university president Martin to focus on the university system. Nugent was followed by Willard Badgett Gatewood Jr., best remembered for beginning the restoration of Old Main. The position of university president was further separated from the school by Martin's successor, Ray Thornton, who moved the physical office to Little Rock to better oversee the unified university system. Thornton later resigned his position to run successfully for Congress, and was later elected a justice of the Arkansas Supreme Court.

The university's third chancellor, Daniel Edward Ferritor, continued and completed the restoration of Old Main, during his eleven-year term. Chief among Ferritor's accomplishments was the addition of another two million square feet in classroom and laboratory space at a cost of $120 million, as well as boosting annual giving to the university from three million to twenty million dollars. Following Ferritor was John A. White, perhaps best known for overseeing the Campaign for the 21st Century, which raised over one billion dollars for the university endowments over an eight-year period. White resigned in 2008 following the tempestuous release of Houston Nutt from his position as the head coach of the school's football program. In a unanimous vote, the board of trustees elected G. David Gearhart to be the fifth chancellor in school history.

See also
 List of University of Arkansas people

References

History of colleges and universities in Arkansas
University of Arkansas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The Academy of American Poets is a national, member-supported organization that promotes poets and the art of poetry. The nonprofit organization was incorporated in the state of New York in 1934. It fosters the readership of poetry through outreach activities such as National Poetry Month, its website Poets.org, the syndicated series Poem-a-Day,[1] American Poets magazine,[2] readings and events, and poetry resources for K-12 educators.[3] In addition, it sponsors a portfolio of nine major poetry awards, of which the first was a fellowship created in 1946 to support a poet and honor "distinguished achievement," and more than 200 prizes for student poets.
In 1984, Robert Penn Warren noted that "To have great poets there must be great audiences, Whitman said, to the more or less unheeding ears of American educators. Ambitiously, hopefully, the Academy has undertaken to remedy this plight."[4][5] In 1998, Dinitia Smith described the Academy of American Poets as "a venerable body at the symbolic center of the American poetry establishment."[6] In 2013, Carolyn Forché described the Academy of American Poets as "the most important organization in our country helping to keep poetry alive and in our culture." [7]
The Academy of American Poets was created in 1934 in New York City by 23-year-old Marie Bullock [8] with a mission to "support American poets at all stages of their careers and to foster the appreciation of contemporary poetry." In 1936, the Academy of American Poets was officially incorporated as a nonprofit organization. Marie Bullock was the president of the Academy of American Poets for the next half a century, running the organization out of her apartment for thirty of those years. In 1982, Marie Bullock received a Mayor's Award of Honor for Arts and Culture. She also had received the Gold Medal of the National Institute of Social Sciences, the Award for Distinguished Service to the Arts from the National Institute of Arts and Letters.[9]
Since its earliest days, the Academy of American Poets has been guided by an honorary Board of Chancellors composed of established and award-winning poets who serve as advisors to the organization and judge its largest prizes for poets. Past Chancellors include W. H. Auden, Elizabeth Bishop, Lucille Clifton, Robert Creeley, Marianne Moore, Mark Strand, and May Swenson. Women as well as men were founding poets of the Academy; for example, Florence Hamilton.[10]
As of 2018, the fifteen Chancellors of the Academy of American Poets are: Elizabeth Alexander, Ellen Bass, Marilyn Chin, Kwame Dawes, Forrest Gander, Linda Gregerson, Terrance Hayes, Brenda Hillman, Marie Howe, Khaled Mattawa, Marilyn Nelson, Alicia Ostriker, Claudia Rankine, Alberto Ríos, and David St. John.[11]
As of 2020, Michael Jacobs chair the Board of the Academy of American Poets.[12]
The Academy of American Poets administers several programs: National Poetry Month;[13] the website Poets.org, which includes a curated collection of poems and essays about poetry, over 800 recordings and videos of poets dating back to the 1960s, and free materials for K-12 teachers, including lesson plans;[14] the syndicated series, Poem-a-Day;[1] and American Poets magazine. The organization also awards nine major prizes for poets, as well as 200 college awards sponsored at schools across the country.[15]
In 1998, Fred Viebahn, husband of African-American poet Rita Dove, drew media attention to the lack of diversity on the Academy's Board of Chancellors; up until then, no poet of color had ever been elected to be a Chancellor, and only very few women.[16] Subsequently, two female Chancellors, Maxine Kumin and Carolyn Kizer, resigned in protest.[6] The Academy responded by instituting major changes and designating several new chancellors, including African-American poets Lucille Clifton and Yusef Komunyakaa.[17]
Elizabeth Kray was hired in 1963 as the first executive director of the Academy of American Poets, and she served the organization until 1981.[10][18] William Wadsworth served as executive director from 1989 to 2001. In 2012, poet and nonprofit administrator Jennifer Benka was named executive director of the Academy of American Poets.[19]
In January 2020 the Academy received a grant of $4.5 million from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, in addition to the $2.2 million provided in 2019. The money will be used for the poet laureate program.[20]
Awards given by the Academy of American Poets
Awards are listed in chronological order of their creation.
Academy Fellowship
Main article: List of winners of the Academy of American Poets fellowship
One Academy Fellowship is awarded annually for "distinguished poetic achievement": Fellows are awarded a stipend which is presently $25,000.[21] The Fellowship program was created in 1946, and was the first of the organization's current portfolio of awards; the Academy's website Poets.org describes it as "the first of its kind in the United States."[21]
James Laughlin Award
Main article: List of winners of the James Laughlin Award
Formerly known as the Lamont Poetry Selection, the Laughlin Award is given in recognition of a poet's second published book, and is considered to be the only major award honoring the publication of a poet's second book.[22][23]
The award was first established in 1954 by a bequest from the wife of Thomas W. Lamont, who specified that it be used "for the discovery and encouragement of new poetic genius."[24] In 1959, Harvey Shapiro referred to the award as "roughly, a Pulitzer for bardlings."[25] Initially, the Lamont Poetry Selection was awarded to a poet's first published book; copies of the book were purchased from its publisher for distribution to the Academy's members. In 1975, the organization changed to selecting a poet's second volume; in an editorial, Peter Davison welcomed the change, suggesting that publishing a second volume was becoming more difficult than publishing the first.[26]
In 1995, it was endowed by a gift from the Drue Heinz Trust, and it was renamed to honor James Laughlin, who founded the publishing house New Directions in 1936.[23] At present, winners receive a cash prize of $5,000, an all-expenses-paid weeklong residency at The Betsy Hotel in Miami Beach, Florida,[27] and the Academy of American Poets purchases one thousand copies of the winning book for distribution to its membership;[23][28] the purchase and distribution essentially guarantee that the book becomes "a bestseller in the tiny poetry market."[29]
Edward Field has described the importance of receiving the Award to his career as follows:[30]
... perhaps it is just as well that I didn't succeed in getting a publisher earlier, since, with new poems being added all the time, the manuscript kept getting stronger. But years of rejection took their toll, and when I won the Lamont Award in 1962, I kept repeating "I will not be consoled." But I was. My life changed considerably. For one thing, I could make a living - I gave poetry readings around the country, wrote narrations for a couple of documentary films, translated a book of Eskimo poems, and, yes, even taught poetry workshops for a while.
—  Edward Field
Several of the Award's recipients have subsequently won the highest honors given to mature poets. Donald Hall was named Poet Laureate of the United States in 2004. Donald Justice, Lisel Mueller, Philip Schultz, and Tracy K. Smith have each won the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.
University and college poetry prizes
The Academy first began awarding annual $100 prizes to student poets at ten American universities and colleges in 1955. The program has since expanded to include more than 200 schools. According to the Academy, most of these prizes are endowed in perpetuity, though some are funded through other arrangements with the school or through private donors. For a school to become part of the program, a $2,500 endowment contribution is required. Individual schools set the winning criteria for their awards, within the guidelines set by the Academy: winners must be registered students at the school and the school cannot restrict the themes or styles of the entries.[31]
Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize
Main article: List of winners of the Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize
The Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize is awarded annually for the best volume of poetry written by a living U.S. citizen and published in the previous year in the United States.[32] The Prize was created in 1975 by the New Hope Foundation of Pennsylvania, which was a philanthropic foundation created by Lenore Marshall and her husband, James Marshall, to "support the arts and the cause of world peace";[33] Lenore Marshall, a poet, novelist, editor, and peace activist, had died in 1971.[34]
The Prize was initially administered by the Saturday Review magazine.[35] Following the folding of Saturday Review, the Prize was administered by The Nation magazine.[36] In 1995, administration of the Prize became the responsibility of the Academy of American Poets; the Prize has a permanent endowment, and the cash value of the prize is currently $25,000.
The Academy of American Poets currently announces three judges for each year's competition in advance.[32] There has been some criticism of the Academy's procedures for mitigating the judges' conflicts of interest, since the judges are often acquainted with some of the poets whose volumes are nominated.[37][38]
Walt Whitman Award
See also: List of winners of the Walt Whitman Award
Named after poet Walt Whitman, the award is based on a competition of book-length poetry manuscripts by American poets who have not yet published a book.[39] It has been described as "a transformative honor that includes publication and distribution of the book though the Academy, $5,000 in cash and a residency at the Civitella Ranieri Foundation."[40][41] The Library of Congress includes the Award among distinctions noted for poets,[42] as does The New York Times, which also occasionally publishes articles about new awards.[43]
The award was established in 1975. In a New York Times opinion piece from 1985, the novelist John Barth noted that 1475 manuscripts had been entered into one of the Whitman Award competitions, which exceeded the number of subscribers to some poetry journals.[44] From 1992 to 2014, Louisiana State University Press published each volume as part of its "Walt Whitman Award Series"[45] Beginning 2015, Graywolf Press published the winning manuscript.[46] The Academy purchases and distributes copies to its members, along with copies of the winning volume for the James Laughlin Award.[47]
Harold Morton Landon Translation Award
Main article: List of winners of the Harold Morton Landon Translation Award
This $1,000 award recognizes a poetry collection translated from any language into English and published in the previous calendar year. Established in 1976, it is given annually. A noted translator chooses the winning book.[48]
Wallace Stevens Award
Main article: List of winners of the Wallace Stevens Award
Named for Wallace Stevens, the award was established in 1994 by Dorothea Tanning to "recognize outstanding and proven mastery in the art of poetry". Nominations are not accepted. The winner, who must be an American citizen, is chosen by the Academy of American Poets Board of Chancellors and receives $100,000.[49]
Raiziss/de Palchi Translation Awards
Main article: List of winners of the Raiziss/de Palchi Translation Awards
Established in 1995, the award seeks to recognize American translators for "outstanding translations into English of modern Italian poetry" that have been published through non-self-publication means. The prize alternates annually between a straight $10,000 book price and a fellowship at the American Academy in Rome and $20,000 for use in advancing a "significant work-in-progress", such as through travel or study. The award is administered for the New York Community Trust and funded by a bequest from Sonia Raiziss Giop.[50]
Aliki Perroti and Seth Frank Most Promising Young Poet Award
Established in 2013, the Aliki Perroti and Seth Frank Most Promising Young Poet Award recognizes a student poet twenty-three years old or younger, with an annual cash prize of $1,000.[51]
Ambroggio Prize
Established in 2017, the Ambroggio Prize is the only annual award of its kind in the United States that honors American poets whose first language is Spanish. It is a $1,000 publication prize given for a book-length poetry manuscript originally written in Spanish and with an English translation.[52] Luis Alberto Ambroggio sponsored the prize to "celebrate poets in the United States writing in Spanish as an important part of our rich American poetic tradition."[53]
Past awards include the Copernicus Award (from 1974 to 1977), the Edgar Allan Poe Award (from 1974 to 1977), and the Peter I. B. Lavan Younger Poets Award (from 1983 to 1994).[54]
^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2015-03-15. Retrieved 2015-01-02. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Poets, Academy of American. "Programs | Academy of American Poets". poets.org.
^ "National Poetry Month: Useful Resources for Teachers and Students". Edutopia.
^ Warren, Robert Penn (1984). Fifty Years of American Poetry. Harry N. Abrams. p. 18. ISBN 0-8109-2296-7.
^ The quotation from Whitman: Walt Whitman (1892). "III. Notes Left Over 3. Ventures, on an Old Theme". Complete Prose Works. Philadelphia: David McKay. p. 324.
^ a b Smith, Dinitia (November 14, 1998). "Two Poets Quit Board Of Academy in Protest". The New York Times.
^ "Carolyn Forché Blaney Lecture: Poets Forum 2013". November 18, 2013 – via YouTube.
^ Poets, Academy of American. "Mission & History | Academy of American Poets". poets.org.
^ Ennis, Thomas C. (December 27, 1986). "Marie Bullock, 75, Founded and Led Academy of Poets" – via NYTimes.com.
^ "Chancellors" Poets.org
^ "American poet Louise Glück wins Nobel Prize in Literature". Star Tribune. Retrieved 2020-11-03. Michael Jacobs, chairman of the Academy of American Poets.
^ Poets, Academy of American. "National Poetry Month | Academy of American Poets". poets.org.
^ "Poetry Gets a Hip New Look". PublishersWeekly.com.
^ [https://www.poets.org/academy-american-poets/american-poets-prizes "American Poets Prizes"> Poets.org
^ Viebahn, Fred (1999). "Unmasking the 'Gods of Poetry'" (PDF). Callaloo. 22 (1). Reprinting of Fred Viebahn's essay from International Quarterly, along with editorial commentary by Charles H. Rowell.
^ Smith, Dinitia (March 22, 1999). "Criticized as Elitist, Poets' Organization Revamps Its Structure". The New York Times. Retrieved 2014-02-11.
^ "Elizabeth Kray, Patron and Friend Of Poets and Their Art, Dies at 71". November 24, 1987 – via NYTimes.com.
^ "Jennifer Benka, MFA '07, to Lead Academy of American Poets". New School News.
^ Libbey, Peter (2020-01-30). "Mellon Foundation Grants $4.5 Million to Academy of American Poets". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-02-01.
^ a b "Academy Fellowship". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2009-03-01. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Past Awards & Grants". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 16 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-05.
^ a b c "James Laughlin Award". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2009-04-23. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ Henderson, Jeanne J. (1973). Literary and Library Prizes. Bowker. ISBN 978-0-8352-0645-7.
^ Shapiro, Harvey (August 9, 1959). "The Timbre of Three New Voices". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
^ Davison, Peter (April 20, 1975). "The Nurture of Poets: The Guest Word". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-05-15.
^ "James Laughlin Award" Poets.org
^ "Literary Awards". Council of Literary Magazines and Presses. Archived from the original on 13 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-04-05.
^ Miller, Judith (December 2, 1996). "As Arts Prizes Multiply, So Do Doubts on Value". The New York Times.
^ Field, Edward (1998). A Frieze for a Temple of Love. David R. Godine. p. 184. ISBN 978-1-57423-067-3.
^ "University & College Poetry Prizes". Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ a b "Lenore Marshall Poetry Prize". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2011-06-22. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Lenore Marshall". James A. Michener Art Museum. Retrieved 2009-06-12.
^ "Lenore G. Marshall, 72, Dies; Was Poet, Novelist, and Editor". The New York Times. September 25, 1971.
^ Miller, Marie-Jeanne A. (2005). "Brown, Sterling Allen". In Serafin; Bendixen, Alfred (eds.). The Continuum Encyclopedia of American Literature. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 135. ISBN 978-0-8264-1777-0. In 1980, the Collected Poems of S. A. B. was published and won deserving accolades and awards, notably the Lenore Marshall/Saturday Review Poetry Prize, given annually to the outstanding book of poems in the U.S..
^ Smith, William Ray (October 16, 1982). "John Logan Wins Marshall Prize". The Nation.
^ Cordle, Alan (December 9, 2004). "The Lenore Marshall Prize and the Doping of Poets". Foetry.com. Archived from the original on July 27, 2011. Retrieved June 15, 2009.
^ Sutherland, John (July 4, 2005). "American foetry: Pulitzer prize-winners accused of fraud and competition-fixing - who ever said poetry was boring?". The Guardian. London.
^ "Walt Whitman Award". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2009-07-07. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Academy Expands Whitman Award". Poets & Writers. August 5, 2014.
^ Lee, Dallas (May 6, 2009). "Walt Whitman, the sublime and the Bibb County Dump". Like the Dew: A Journal of Southern Culture and Politics. Retrieved 2009-05-21.
^ "Authors Jared Carter and Debra Magpie Earling To Read on Dec. 9". The Library of Congress. December 6, 2004.
^ Blog, Newoldage. "Walt Whitman Award - NYTimes.com Search". The New York Times. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
^ Barth, John (June 16, 1985). "Writing: Can It Be Taught?". The New York Times.
^ "Series: Walt Whitman Award of the Academy of American Poets". Louisiana State University Press. Archived from the original on 2008-10-07. Retrieved 2009-06-14.
^ "Academy Expands Whitman Award " Poets & Writers
^ "Membership". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2009-03-03. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
^ "Harold Morton Landon Translation Award". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 15 May 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Wallace Stevens Award". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Raiziss/de Palchi Translation Awards". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2009-05-16. Retrieved 2009-05-04.
^ "Academy Most Promising". Academy of American Poets. Retrieved 2015-01-17.
^ "Ambroggio Prize" Poets.org
^ "Academy of American Poets Launches Poetry Prize for Works in Spanish" Poets.org
^ "Past Awards & Grants". Academy of American Poets. Archived from the original on 2013-08-03.
This page is based on the Wikipedia article Academy of American Poets; it is used under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA). You may redistribute it, verbatim or modified, providing that you comply with the terms of the CC-BY-SA.

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text:
Posted inGovernment, Justice, Law and Order
Experts: 'Religious Freedom' bill is lawsuit waiting to happen
by Patsy R. Brumfield April 1, 2016 May 10, 2021
Unnecessary and unconstitutional are how Mississippi legal experts describe House Bill 1523, which is expected to go to Gov. Phil Bryant for consideration next week.
Proponents say the proposed law seeks to protect citizens' "sincerely held religious belief or moral conviction" to refuse public or private service to same-sex marriage couples.
"This bill is incredibly unconstitutional," said George Cochran, constitutional law professor at the University of Mississippi School of Law. "I think lightning will strike if this (bill) is signed into law."
Matthew Steffey, a Mississippi College School of Law professor, agrees.
"It's an easy-to-win lawsuit," Steffey predicted. "This is political, not legal."
On the Senate floor late Wednesday, Sen. Jenifer Branning, R-Philadelphia, responded to senators' questions about HB 1523, saying the measure is a response to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision last June in Obergefell v. Hodges to uphold same-sex marriage.
The House approved changes to the bill made by the Senate on Friday, but final House action was delayed until Monday. Gov. Phil Bryant then must decide whether to sign the bill. Mississippi Today reported Thursday that the ACLU and other groups are preparing to sue the state if Bryant signs the bill into law.
During debate Wednesday night and again in an interview Thursday, Branning adamantly supported the legislation, saying the bill simply defends businesses and religious organizations from discrimination by the government.
"People are under the misconception that this is a discriminatory bill," Branning said. "Really, it doesn't discriminate against anyone. It protects people in this state who feel they could be discriminated against themselves by the government."
Steffey says that in his view HB 1523 has no legitimate, legal purpose because any concerns about protection of religious freedoms already exist in the Mississippi Religious Freedom Act passed several years ago and also in federal law, which supercedes any state law.
"A person's sincerely held religious belief is already protected in strong terms from government burdens," Steffey said. HB 1523 "is either redundant or irrelevant," he said.
On Thursday, U.S. District Judge Daniel P. Jordan III overruled a Mississippi ban on adoption by same-sex couples, saying the state law – in effect since 2000 – violates the equal-protection and due process provisions of the U.S. Constitution.
HB 1523 brings up the same issues, Steffey said.
Existing law requires that citizens "treat all religious beliefs the same and treat all marriages the same," he said, noting that "even other Southern states have realized" that these kinds of efforts, like HB 1523, have consequences: either costing state treasuries legal fees in defending lawsuits or in dampening economic development and tourism business.
Cochran said he is troubled by the proposal.
"In addition to the legislation reflecting a unique use of state power to declare war on those choosing to engage in constitutionally protected activity," he said, "it gives the right to discriminate to those with 'sincerely held religious beliefs or moral convictions' without further definition.
"Frightening," he added.
by Patsy R. Brumfield, Mississippi Today

Experts: 'Religious Freedom' bill is lawsuit waiting to happen

by Patsy R. Brumfield, Mississippi Today
April 1, 2016

Unnecessary and unconstitutional are how Mississippi legal experts describe House Bill 1523, which is expected to go to Gov. Phil Bryant for consideration next week.

Proponents say the proposed law seeks to protect citizens' "sincerely held religious belief or moral conviction" to refuse public or private service to same-sex marriage couples.

"This bill is incredibly unconstitutional," said George Cochran, constitutional law professor at the University of Mississippi School of Law. "I think lightning will strike if this (bill) is signed into law."

Matthew Steffey, a Mississippi College School of Law professor, agrees.

"It's an easy-to-win lawsuit," Steffey predicted. "This is political, not legal."

On the Senate floor late Wednesday, Sen. Jenifer Branning, R-Philadelphia, responded to senators' questions about HB 1523, saying the measure is a response to the U.S. Supreme Court's decision last June in Obergefell v. Hodges to uphold same-sex marriage.

The House approved changes to the bill made by the Senate on Friday, but final House action was delayed until Monday. Gov. Phil Bryant then must decide whether to sign the bill. Mississippi Today reported Thursday that the ACLU and other groups are preparing to sue the state if Bryant signs the bill into law.

During debate Wednesday night and again in an interview Thursday, Branning adamantly supported the legislation, saying the bill simply defends businesses and religious organizations from discrimination by the government.

"People are under the misconception that this is a discriminatory bill," Branning said. "Really, it doesn't discriminate against anyone. It protects people in this state who feel they could be discriminated against themselves by the government."

Steffey says that in his view HB 1523 has no legitimate, legal purpose because any concerns about protection of religious freedoms already exist in the Mississippi Religious Freedom Act passed several years ago and also in federal law, which supercedes any state law.

"A person's sincerely held religious belief is already protected in strong terms from government burdens," Steffey said. HB 1523 "is either redundant or irrelevant," he said.

On Thursday, U.S. District Judge Daniel P. Jordan III overruled a Mississippi ban on adoption by same-sex couples, saying the state law – in effect since 2000 – violates the equal-protection and due process provisions of the U.S. Constitution.

HB 1523 brings up the same issues, Steffey said.

Existing law requires that citizens "treat all religious beliefs the same and treat all marriages the same," he said, noting that "even other Southern states have realized" that these kinds of efforts, like HB 1523, have consequences: either costing state treasuries legal fees in defending lawsuits or in dampening economic development and tourism business.

Cochran said he is troubled by the proposal.

"In addition to the legislation reflecting a unique use of state power to declare war on those choosing to engage in constitutionally protected activity," he said, "it gives the right to discriminate to those with 'sincerely held religious beliefs or moral convictions' without further definition.

"Frightening," he added.

This article first appeared on Mississippi Today and is republished here under a Creative Commons license.
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One reply on "Experts: 'Religious Freedom' bill is lawsuit waiting to happen"
Tammy Rainey says:
"Existing law requires that citizens "treat all religious beliefs the same"
Exactly. Elevating these three doctrines above all others is so obviously unconstitutional that it ought disqualify a lawmaker from office for even trying it.


To show our appreciation for members, we are hosting Member Month in June. Don't miss these member exclusive events, giveaways and more!
Space is limited. To reserve your spot, please RSVP to Lauren Cooper, Senior Manager of Membership & Admission: lcooperbadmorg or (415) 339-3954.
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VENUES & EVENT PRODUCTION
FIRST AVENUE & 7TH ST ENTRY (MINNEAPOLIS)
First Avenue and 7th St Entry is a live music lover's dream. With two separate performance spaces in one building, the historic venue offers something for everyone. The Mainroom, a 1550-person capacity live music venue hosts over 200 concerts a year, while 7th St Entry, a 250-capacity venue hosts over 350 concerts annually.
First Avenue is more than just four walls, a soundboard, and a stage; it is the epicenter of live music and entertainment in Minneapolis. Having celebrated its 45th Anniversary in 2015, First Avenue is one of the longest running independently owned and operated clubs in the United States, as well as one of the most celebrated. San Francisco has the Fillmore. New York has the Bowery Ballroom. D.C. has the 9:30 Club, and Minneapolis has First Avenue and the 7th St Entry.
First Avenue is a music club committed to fostering arts, music and entertainment excellence; it is, quite simply, what a music club should be.
TURF CLUB (ST. PAUL)
Now operated by First Avenue, the Turf Club is a live music venue in St. Paul, Minnesota boasting a full kitchen and the Clown Lounge, its unforgettable basement bar. The building has housed various businesses, including a grocer in the 1920s, and a dance hall in the 1940s and 50s.
The Turf Club has a main floor with a 350-person capacity, and hosts over 200 shows a year. The Clown Lounge, a 60-capacity sized room, has a small stage perfect for intimate events.
The Turf Club underwent major renovations when purchased in 2014, including brand new sound and lighting system, major infrastructure upgrades, and the addition of the restaurant that now allows diners to enjoy happy hour, dinner, and weekend brunch.
PALACE THEATRE (ST. PAUL)
The century-old Palace Theatre, located in downtown St. Paul, was originally operated as a vaudeville theatre in 1916. The building was converted to a movie theater in 1920s, until it was shut down in 1984. Currently undergoing a $15 million renovation, when it opens the Palace will be the only theater in the Twin Cities devoted to contemporary music, with a planned capacity of 2,700 people. The Palace Theatre is owned by the City of St. Paul, and will be co-managed and co-operated by First Avenue and JAM Productions.
FINE LINE (MINNEAPOLIS)
First Avenue is excited to announce the purchase of Fine Line, with ownership to begin on October 1, 2018. The Fine Line is located in the heart of the Warehouse District, just blocks away from First Avenue, in the main level of the Consortium Building. Originally opened as a venue in 1987, the Fine Line has hosted thousands of influential acts over their 30-plus year history.
OUTSIDE EVENTS
First Avenue curates events outside of our owned properties, often booking shows at other venues in Minneapolis and St. Paul like Northrup Auditorium, the Historic Hennepin Theaters, the Amsterdam, Cedar Cultural Center, and Assembly Hall at the Women's Club. Additionally we produce, talent buy, and offer marketing support for a number of events including Hall's Island, Festival Palomino, and Summer Set Music & Arts Festival.
THE DEPOT TAVERN
Minneapolis music lovers know First Avenue and 7th St Entry as their city's premier venue. Right next door to that self-described "Downtown Danceteria," is another local institution: The Depot Tavern. The bar and restaurant offers a First Avenue and 7th St Entry history course on its walls, which are adorned with photos and memorabilia from past shows.
The Depot enjoys its own identity, too, however, thanks to a menu of gourmet burgers, sandwiches, and hot dogs that earns new legions of fans every day. Applewood smoked bacon and American cheese hide inside the Inside Out burger's half pound of Angus beef, while maple mustard accompanies the diamond corndog, which comes wrapped in pepper bacon. Vegan and vegetarian dishes abound, too, ensuring that no appetite goes unsatisfied.
We're proud to foster relationships with artists and musicians at all stages in their careers, whether it's playing their first show at the 7th St Entry, selling out multiple nights in the Mainroom, or shooting one of the greatest music films of all time in our room (Purple Rain, if you couldn't guess).
By presenting local acts almost every night of the week at the 7th St Entry, First Avenue has been the launching pad for local bands like Atmosphere, Hüsker Dü, the Replacements, Semisonic, Soul Asylum and more.
First Avenue has additionally been a stepping stone for national musicians including Joe Cocker, U2, Eminem, Tina Turner, Black Flag, The Ramones, Depeche Mode, Bo Diddley, Lucinda Williams, Metallica and, of course, Prince. Working with bands like these, First Avenue strives to support the best that live music has to offer.
WRITERS, ARTISTS, & PHOTOGRAPHERS
Artists of all mediums take their place in the history of First Avenue.
With the original First Avenue In House magazine, many writers received their first chance at publication, with the fortunate task of writing about what they loved most.
Local artists have contributed original designs for show posters, magazines, flyers, and First Avenue inspired artwork. Additionally, photographers have shot iconic photographs over the years in our venues and outdoor festivals.
Check out this great piece from Pitchfork highlighting our very own Dan Corrigan (a photographer by night and First Avenue caregiver by day):
With the help of artists and musicians, First Avenue has been able to host countless benefit shows for local and national non-profit groups, including Pastor Paul's Food Shelf, The Red Cross, the Twin Cities Music Community Trust, and many more. First Avenue has also worked with area schools to hold workshops and lectures for students interested in music and related fields.
First Avenue has also been the place for local and national political events. Vice President Walter Mondale, Governor Jesse Ventura, Mayor RT Rybak, Senators Amy Klobuchar and Al Franken, and US Congressman Keith Ellison have used First Avenue as their soapbox during their runs for office. Many youth vote rallies have been held at the club, educating young voters on the importance of their vote and educating them on issues of local and national significance. First Avenue brings the fun back into politics and civic responsibility. Where else in the world could you see a city's Mayor take a stage dive?
Looking to host your next event with us? Contact us and we'll see what we can do for you.


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Obituary for Gladys Jane (Israel) Tack | Norman L. Waterman Funeral Home, Inc.
Arcadia - Gladys Jane Tack, 80 entered eternal rest on Monday, January 28, 2019, at her home.
Family will greet friends Friday, February 1, 2019, at the Norman L. Waterman Funeral Home, Inc., 124 W. Miller St, Newark from 4 to 7 p.m. A Funeral Service will be held Saturday, February 2, 2019, at the funeral home, at 11 a.m. Burial will take place in Fairville Cemetery. Please join the family at the Fairville Volunteer Fire Department for a reception following the burial.
In memory of Gladys, in lieu of flowers, please consider donations to the Newark Food Closet, 301 East Miller Street, Newark, 14513 OR the Fairville Faith Community Church, 6600 Snake Road, Newark, 14513.
Gladys was born the daughter of the late Elmer and Ida (Leenhout) Israel on Thursday, August 25, 1938, in Newark, NY. She spent her life in the Arcadia area, graduating from Newark High School class of 1957. Gladys was known as the "Neighborhood mom" and she had a special love for children. She particularly loved to spend time with her grandchildren and great-grandchildren. Gladys enjoyed reading, gardening (vegetables and flowers), crocheting and sewing. She was a great caregiver, taking care of her parents and husband. For 25 years she worked for the Wayne County Department of Social Services, and after that she worked for Wegmans in Newark until her husband's retirement in 2000. Gladys was a member of the Fairville Presbyterian Church where she served as church secretary and taught sunday school. Gladys volunteered many hours, she ran the Fairville Food Closet and volunteered at the Newark Food Closet.
Gladys will be remembered by her loving husband of nearly 60 years, Carl F. Tack; sons, John (Corrine) Tack and David Tack; daughters, Deborah (Gary) Carlson; and Nancy (David) Kelley; thirteen grandchildren and two great-grandchildren; brother, LaVern (Joan) Israel; sister, Lucille (Rick) Davis; several nieces, nephews and cousin; fresh air children that became part of the family, Steven and Diane Gutman and Anna Llompart.


NFL Forum :: - Best and Worst moves by JA?
Best and Worst moves by JA?
^wow I can't believe i didnt think of those guys!!! Um, I just am pretty sure Dorvey will be bad... I would have rather hadother players, such as trading up one spot for pope.
Dvoracek will surprise you...he's a Steve McMichael type player, plays with an attitude.
Plus he has no quit in him.
I have seen Dvoracek play alongside Tommie Harris when they were both at OU, and believe me, this guy is an animal. He and Harris were a great one-two punch on that D-line.
On Dvorecakakcek, this guy is a Bear.
ohhh I could have fun with that last post, but Grr/Jack would lock me down like clinton on an intern ... really, I think there are far worse than JA, I hope he has the pieces in place better than hendry with the cubs. I do think we are scary deep in defense, solid in our o-line, rbs & qbs, leery in our wrs and still looking for a te somewhere in the tri state area.
I think the best moves that no one is talking about are the O Line. Da coach mentioned Tait and Brown but the line as a whole is key to any success the Bears ahad last year and will have this year. If you think that T Jones was the reason the Bears could run the ball with 8 or more in the box you are confused it was the o-line along with the rest of the blockers (FB, TE) that allowed TJ to get holes to run through. Don't get me wrong TJ played great last year but the O=line deserves its praise and showed how to win football games.
Guys, enough with the check box. I'm sure he's not spending his hours filling out forms - it had to be someone working for him.
I'm confident that Benson and Bradley will prove to be great picks also.


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"We don't do Star Trek": How NASA landed on Mars, unlocking a new era of science
Backstage at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, you could hear a pin drop as the InSight lander descended to Mars without a hitch.
Tom Hoffman, InSight Project Manager, NASA JPL, left, and Sue Smrekar, InSight deputy principal investigator, NASA JPL, react after receiving confirmation that the Mars InSight lander successfully touched down on the surface of Mars, Monday, Nov. 26, 2018. [Photo: NASA/Bill Ingalls]
By Susan Karlin 4 minute Read
After seven years of development, seven months in space, and "seven minutes of terror" plunging through the Martian atmosphere at up to 13,000 mph and 3,000 degrees Fahrenheit, InSight touched the surface at a gentle 5 mph at 2:52:59 p.m. ET.
NASA's InSight Mars lander acquired this image of the area in front of the lander using its lander-mounted Instrument Context Camera (ICC). [Photo: NASA/JPL-Caltech]
"Whoo-hoo!" Hollering and applause erupted from the throngs of NASA staff, VIPs, reporters, and social media ambassadors packing the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mission Control and press rooms. At viewing parties across the country, including in Times Square, and across hundreds of thousands of office screens and mobile devices, untold numbers looked on agog.
Within minutes, her first image appeared: a dirt-spattered fish-eye view of Mars.
"To be in the room when the data stops, to know how quiet it gets, and then once it comes back—the elation!" gushed NASA administrator Jim Bridenstine in the post-landing briefing. International Space Station astronaut Alexander Gerst weighed in: "I got goosebumps watching the coverage!"
"Nice and dirty!" laughed InSight principal investigator Bruce Banerdt about the photo after garnering effusive applause. Since the mid-'80s—including some half dozen failed proposals—Banerdt has been trying to get the first seismometer on Mars since the 1976 Viking lander. "This is a longtime dream come true for me."
Watch a recap of the landing:
Watch (and click around) a 360-degree video of the landing:
The eighth successful Mars landing, InSight will remain on the flat Elysium Planitia expanse gathering data during the next two years that will reveal Mars's internal structure and clues to the beginnings of all rocky planets, including Earth. The earliest data should arrive in spring.
"Those answers are in the details of the structure formed very early in the planet's history," Banerdt told reporters at a pre-landing session last week. "On Mars, that structure has been preserved for the last 4.5 billion years; on Earth, it's been scrambled up by plate tectonics and mantle convection, wiping away evidence of those earliest processes. So we're going to Mars to study those early processes to help us understand how Earth got to where we are today."
The first mission to study the deep interior of Mars, InSight—or, Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy, and Heat Transport—will monitor the planet's seismic activity, rotational wobble, and underground temperatures to determine the size, thickness, and density of its mantle, core, and crust, as well as current geothermal activity and number of meteorites. The lander will also have the first continuous weather monitoring on Mars, offering daily readings of temperature (now a balmy 35ºF to —93ºF), wind, and barometric pressure.
MarCO view of Mars after InSight's landing, taken at 4,700 miles from Mars. [Photo: NASA/JPL]
It was also a success for Mars Cube One (MarCO), a separate but coordinated mission testing the two first deep-space CubeSats (miniaturized satellites), which relayed images of InSight's descent in near real-time, and transmitted the lander's first shot. MarCO will spend the next two weeks transmitting data on the Martian atmosphere.
InSight has two cameras: one, a fish-eye lens offering 120- to 130-degree views that took the first shot; the other, a normal lens mounted on the seven-foot robotic arm. The latter will take 56 images that, when composited, will give scientists a 3D image of where the lander, seismometer, and heat flow sensor are, in space, from each other. The 3D imagery will assist in creating a digital elevation map and help with instrument placement—a task, that JPL science system engineer Elizabeth Barrett likens to "playing a claw game at a carnival, with blindfolds, on another planet."
An initial InSight selfie taken with its larger lens late Monday at JPL, after deployment of the solar panels. [Photo:NASA/JPL-Caltech ]
In order to get an accurate sense of what images would look like, JPL hired Hollywood lighting designers to install ceiling bulbs replicating the lighting on Mars in its InSight Test Bed. (Note Earth and Mars lighting comparisons below.) The simulation stage boasts a true-to-size (3.5-foot-high x 20-foot-wide) model lander on fine gravel to test instrument placement on unstable surfaces, as well as instrument and camera function in that environment.
Earth lighting (L); Mars lighting (R). [Photos: Susan Karlin]
From here, it's another three months to survey the area, place, and calibrate the instruments. "It's a slow-motion mission compared to others," said Banerdt. "It'll be six months before we can get a glimmer of what we're looking for. The more marsquakes, the better we can see the inside."
NASA will make raw images and seismic data available to the public and NASA's Seismology in Schools program. "This science is for everyone," said Banerdt.
"It's the start now of answering a whole set of questions," NASA's chief scientist Jim Green tells Fast Company. "The more we understand about Mars, the more we'll understand about how terrestrial planets evolve. It might help us interpret exoplanets and whether they're habitable. If humans are going to live and work on Mars, they're not going to want to build habitats that marsquakes are going to knock down. We don't do Star Trek; we don't go where no human has gone before. We need to know as much as we can before we send humans."
See my feature on InSight for a more in-depth explanation of this science.
Susan Karlin is an award-winning journalist in Los Angeles, covering the nexus of science, technology, and arts, with a fondness for sci-fi and comics. She's a regular contributor to Fast Company, NPR, and IEEE Spectrum, and has written for Newsweek, Forbes, Wired, Scientific American, Discover, NY and London Times, and BBC Radio


The LEDs I got out of a crappy flashlight.
In this crappy video I have a PICAXE reading an analog input and displaying one digit at a time.
I sawed the tops off of the LEDs and filed them down to defuse them.


So you're stuck in Germany, would do you do with yourself? Do you check out Berlin's bohemian quarters, wander the lush forest of Bavaria or do you dance with your doner, papa, poodles, and bread? Well, I think we all know the answer to this one. Poodles and bread all the way.
This is John Webster's entry for the last chance auditions for Canada's Got Talent. Apprently voting has now closed, but fingers crossed this guy has won his place. he's got some tidy bike skills.
Proof that dogs make the most heart-warming, coolest homecoming. Your move, Roomba Cats.
He thinks by voting for Hillary, he's saving the life of an important man. Interesting.
My man things involve staring, and drooling.