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Home » » MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF CONTROL MEASURES IN THE SPREAD OF CHOLERA
MATHEMATICAL MODELS OF CONTROL MEASURES IN THE SPREAD OF CHOLERA
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Although cholera has existed for ages, it has continued to plague many parts of the world. In this study, a mathematical model for cholera epidemic is presented and analyzed in order to determine the effects of the control measures. We modify a compartmental SIBR model for cholera dynamics proposed by Codeco, introducing control measures such as vaccination, provision of clean water and treatment into the model one after the other. The epidemic threshold known as the basic reproduction number and equilibra for the models are determined. Stability analysis of the models is carried out. Analysis of the models reveals that introduction of control measure reduces the rate of the spread of cholera. We also considered a situation where the control measures were introduced simultaneously into the model. Further analysis shows that the combined control measures yield a better result, that is, it reduces the rate of the spread of cholera more than when only one control measure is introduced. The analytical predictions were confirmed by numerical simulation results. Finally, we performed the sensitivity analysis of the basic reproduction number for the combined control model.
1.1 The Epidemiology of Cholera
2.1 Review of Mathematical Models
2.2 SIBR Model
3. CONTROL MODELS FOR CHOLERA EPIDEMICS
3.1 Vaccination model
3.2 Provision of clean water model
3.3 Treatment model
3.4 Combined control measure model
3.5 Global Stability of the Combined Control Model
4. NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS
4.1 Explanation of Simulation
4.3 Numerical Simulation graph
5. DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Discussion of results
5.2 Observations
5.3 Recommendation
5.4 Suggestion for further work
Cholera is an acute intestinal infection caused by the ingestion of contaminated food and water with Vibrio cholerae bacterium. Among the 200 Serogroups of V. cholera, it is only V. cholerae 01 and 0139 that are known to be the cause of cholera disease [4]. Vibrio Cholerae is a motile gram negative curved-rod bacterium with polar flagellum that causes cholera in human [1, 2]. V. cholerae was first identified by the Italian anatomist Filippo Pacini (1854), though his discovery was not known until Robert Koch thirty years later [3]. Cholera is characterized, in its most severe form, by the sudden onset of acute watery diarrhea that can lead to death by severe dehydration. The etiological agent, Vibrio cholerae 01, (and more recently V. cholerae 0139), passes through and survives the gastric acid barrier of the stomach and then penetrates the mucus lining that coats the intestinal epithelial [5]. Once they colonize the intestinal gut, they produce enterotoxin (which stimulates water and electrolyte secretion by the endothelia cells of the small intestine) that leads to watery diarrhea. If left untreated, it leads to death within hours. In human volunteer studies, the infection dose was determined to be 102 – 103 cells [6]. V. cholerae can stay in faeces without losing its infections ability for 7-14 days and shed back to the environment.
A pictorial representation of the life cycle of V. cholerae is depicted in the diagram below.
Historical records tracing back to 200 years, in both Greek and Sanskrit, describe diseases similar to cholera [8]. Thus, from the literature, it is clear that there were cases of cholera before the first pandemic began. The first cholera pandemic (1816-1826) was fairly limited in scope and related to the Oman war and the war between Persia and Turkey. About 10,000 British troops and a huge number of Indians died during this period. The second pandemic (1829-1851) is believed to have begun in Russia and Hungary (about 100, 000 deaths), the United Kingdom (more than 55,000 deaths) and 100,000 deaths in France. The epidemic reached New York in the same year and the Pacific coast of North America by 1834. The third Pandemic (1985-1860), mainly hit Russia with over a million deaths. In 1852, the outbreak in Chicago took the lives of 5.5% of its population. The fourth pandemic (1863-1873) spread mostly in Europe and Africa and was followed by the fifth (1881-1896), and the sixth pandemic (1899-1923), which had little effect in Europe because of advances in public health, but had hit major cities in Russia and caused the death of more than half a million people [9]. The seventh pandemic began in 1961 and continued to the present on the six continents [3]. A new V. cholerae strain, or biotype called V. cholerae EI Tor, emerged in Indonesia in 1961 and was responsible for the seventh pandemic (and more recently V. cholera 0139).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), 45, 159 cases and 3, 488 deaths in ten African nations were reported up to July 1991. Since 2005, the reoccurrence of cholera is linked with the ever-increasing size of the population living in unsanitary conditions. For instance, from August 2008 to February 2009, more than 79, 000 cases and 3,700 deaths were reported from a single country Zimbabwe [3]. Regardless of the advancement of medical science and health care service, cholera remains a global threat to public health and one of the key indicators of social development. While the disease is not an issue in the developed nations where minimum hygiene standards are met, it still remains a threat in developing countries. In 2006, 236,896 cases were reported from 52 nations, including 6, 311 deaths, which is 79% greater than the reported cases in 2005. It is estimated that only a small proportion of cases less than 10% - were reported to WHO. The burden of the disease was therefore highly under estimated because of poor surveillance and under-reporting [6]......


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Salvation Army Incident Command Team Reporting to Opelika, AL for Tornado Recovery
March 4, 2019 /in Disaster Response /by SalArmySouth
Opelika, AL (March 4, 2019)— After the historic and devastating tornado outbreak that occurred in the Southeast on Sunday, March 3, 2019, The Salvation Army is responding by sending a full Incident Command Team to Opelika, AL. Hardest hit by the outbreak was the mostly rural area of Lee County. Major William Shafer from The Salvation Army Tuscaloosa Corps will arrive today to serve as the Incident Commander. He will be supported by a six member team of Salvation Army representatives from Anniston, Birmingham, Montgomery and Jackson, Mississippi.
In the immediate hours following the storm, The Salvation Army Lee County Service Center provided 200 meals to first responders. Lieutenants Bryan and Tonya Farrington from The Salvation Army Montgomery Corps also deployed to the area Sunday evening with their mobile feeding unit to assist the local Service Extension Center Director. Service delivery will continue throughout Lee County today and include the distribution of hot meals, snacks, and beverages served from six mobile feeding units. Other than Montgomery, the mobile feeding units are deploying into the area from Anniston, Birmingham, and Biloxi, Mississippi.
In addition to tending to the physical needs of those affected, The Salvation Army is providing emotional and spiritual care, which is expected to be a significant need in the wake of this especially cruel and deadly disaster. The National Weather Service reports that more tornado deaths occurred from this one outbreak than in all of 2018. Please keep the tornado survivors as well as first responders in your prayers. Donations to the tornado relief can be made at helpsalvationarmy.org.
https://i1.wp.com/host3.salvationarmysouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/eds.png?fit=495%2C300&ssl=1 300 495 SalArmySouth https://host1.salvationarmysouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/salarmy-logo-1.png SalArmySouth2019-03-04 11:48:002019-03-06 13:08:46Salvation Army Incident Command Team Reporting to Opelika, AL for Tornado Recovery
Remembering Joplin: 2 Years Later
The Salvation Army responding at large explosion in West, Texas
Salvation Army Committed to Providing Ongoing Relief for Tallahassee
Relief Effort Continues After Lewiston, Maine, Fire
Hanes Sock Donation Warms The Hearts & Feet of Shelter Residents
Salvation Army ALM units on standby with strengthening, predicted track of Nate
EDS Update: Donate Now to Disaster Relief Efforts in Mexico Following Hurricane Patricia
KENTWOOL, Manufacturer of World's Best Golf Sock, Supports Salvation Army
The Salvation Army Responds to Sunday's Tornado Outbreak in Lee County,... Salvation Army Serves and Stands Ready to Do More in Wake of Tennessee Floo...

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Q: Custom Scrollbar not working on Mobile (Chrome) We are working on a markup with customized scrollbars.
For this task we use ::-webkit.
::-webkit-scrollbar {
width: 10px;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  border-radius: 0px;
  background-color: #bfbfbf;
}

::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background-color: rgb(255,51,0);
  border-radius: 0;
}

Is working great on desktop devices (chrome)... But on Android Chrome nothing happens.
Is this not working on Mobile? Any workaround or other solution?
Thanks!

A: I've been having the same problem... So far, the only explanation I've been able to find is that, the custom scrollbars works only if the body has position: absolute.
I don't like this solution as it affects some other features in my site, but unfortunately, there isn't any other way I've been able to show custom scrollbars in mobile...
I'm not sure why it is so... Should be simple enough, but for some reason, it's too complicated!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
President Obama Seeks to Remake His Agenda as Health Care Divides Democrats
Some Say Obama Should Drop Health Care, Others Say He Should Push Ahead
ByJAKE TAPPER
Jan. 25, 2010— -- Still reeling from the Democratic Party's loss in Massachusetts to Republican State Sen. Scott Brown, President Obama is hoping to remake his message as divisions deepen among Democrats on health care legislation.
The president has brought in his 2008 campaign manager, David Plouffe, to help run his political operation as he seeks to put his agenda back on track.
Recruited by Obama to supervise House, Senate and gubernatorial elections, Plouffe says Democrats need to push ahead.
"The health care plan has become a caricature," Plouffe said. "And if we walk away from it now, everyone who supported it is going to have all of the downside and none of the upside. We won the House and Senate in 2006, we won the presidency in 2008 ... calling for change.
"Well, that's just not a word. It was a lot about health care, about issues of energy. We have to deliver. If we don't deliver, I think voters will rightfully say, 'You know what's going on here?' We have to pass health care reform. And I think the politics of it [in] the months to come and years to come are going to be very favorable to us."
But unless the president and his party members explain to Americans that they have a coherent strategy, some Democrats say, the party risks losing seats in Congress.
"Right now, unless the president is able to change direction, we will have a rough 2010," Democratic strategist James Carville said on "Good Morning America" today. "You have to think, unless something is done to change direction, I think everything's at risk.
"I don't think it will happen," Carville said of Democrats' losing their majority. "You got to look at this thing in Massachusetts and see there's a real signal here. If you don't deal with it, it's going to get worse."
Some Democrats are already distancing themselves from Obama's agenda and the health care plan, exposing deep divisions in the Democratic Party.
A former Democratic congressman from Tennessee, Harold Ford Jr., said Democrats and the president should take lessons from their loss in Massachusetts and drop health care.
"With one out of five Americans unemployed or underemployed, President Obama and the Democratic Party need to shift attention away from health care and toward a bold effort to create jobs, improve the economy and rein in the size of government," Ford wrote in an op-ed in today's New York Times. "By focusing on job creation and deficit reduction, we can expand our economy and balance the budget."
But others, such as Democratic Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell, disagree and say the president needs to be more combative.
"I want him to issue a call to arms," Rendell said.
"My message to those Democrats is don't be afraid. Listen, you got elected because you wanted to do something to change the quality of people's lives. Here we have a chance to do something historic and if it means some of us are going to lose because of that, so be it. At least you will have lost your office fighting for something and accomplishing something."
President Obama Seeks to Remake Message
Even with Brown in the Senate, Republicans will only have 41 votes, Rendell points out, still giving the Democrats a strong majority.
"Get that best bill as strong and as tight as you can, then send it back to the Senate and let's see if they [Republicans] are going to filibuster ..." he said. "Make them filibuster. Make them go before America people. Make the American people look at a modern day spectacle of what a filibuster would entail.
"I think it's time to call their bluff. I think it is too easy to throw up your hands and say we don't have 60 votes. Remember it's 51 votes for passage, they have to filibuster. Make them filibuster."
Sen. Bill Nelson, D-Fla., said Democrats should pass a health care bill but then slow down.
"I think the president is going to have to scale back his agenda after we pass health care reform," Nelson said.
Nearly all Democrats agree that the president needs to convey his message more clearly to the public.
"You have to put things in context," Carville said. "If you look at what's happening, the president has to explain what he took over and what happened. President Reagan, if you go back to 1980, in his original State of the Union address, blasted Jimmy Carter."
Obama, Carville said, has to give Americans a clear sense that "he has a strategy to deal with this."
Rendell said Democrats "haven't done a very good job explaining what we're doing. We haven't done a good job on how well the stimulus is working, and we surely haven't done a good job explaining what's in the health care reform bill and what is at stake for the American people."
Plouffe said the president needs to implement short-term fixes for the economy but also still needs to focus on long-term solutions.
"I think the politics of the long-term will be very good for our party," he said. "Domestically, on health care, on energy, on financial reform, he [Obama] believes these things are critical to success of the country and a lot of it is for families and businesses to continue to thrive so we got to do that. ... If anything, we've got to communicate that more effectively."
It is still unclear what will happen with the health care legislation. It is in a "legislative limbo," a senior White House official said, adding that "what the American people want is a sense the president is out there addressing their concerns.
"We have to make it clear why we're doing what we're doing. We have to get out there and make it clear whose fighting for whom. [The year] 2009 was a referendum on Obama, but in 2010, it will be a referendum on who's taking on the special interests."
The president is likely to get back on the road, at least once a week, including the day after his State of the Union address Wednesday.
In addition to the return of top aides such as Plouffe, other midlevel operatives from the 2008 Obama campaign who helped bring candidate Obama victories in Iowa and in Feb. 5 Super Tuesday primary states, will be enlisted to work on campaigns to keep expected Democratic losses to a minimum, aides said.
The president has also ordered a review of the Democratic Party's entire political operation.
Obama and Vice President Joe Biden today discussed some items that will appear in the State of the Union address, including proposals to increase the Child and Dependent Care Tax Credit for middle-class families making less than $85,000 a year to 35 percent from 20 percent of qualifying expenses, capping student federal loan payments to 10 percent of the student's income above a basic living allowance, requiring all employers to give workers an option of automatic workplace direct-deposit IRAs, expanding tax credits to match retirement savings and expanding support for families balancing work with caring for elderly relatives.
ABC News' Huma Khan contributed to this report.


In today's business world, the recruitment process has become complex; recruitment agencies compete with other companies to find the best potential employees while businesses wade through a massive number of applicants to find a suitable candidate. However, recruitment process becomes time-consuming when the recruiters and hiring managers are overloaded with resumes. Every application they receive has to be sorted and sent to the relevant personnel for review, and later the candidates have to be screened, interviewed, and onboarded. Sifting through volumes of applications can make recruitment a nightmare. With the advent of technology, the HR industry is increasingly moving away from the traditional practices of recruitment and employing innovative recruitment software.
Compared to the practices of the yesteryears, the recruitment process is now technology driven and much more efficient. Today, most of the HR departments employ easy-to-use online recruitment software to track job openings, candidates, resumes, clients, and contacts more quickly and effectively. This allows recruiting professionals to spend lesser time on the paperwork and more time doing what they do best—hiring the right candidate. However, what are the possibilities that an individual will accept the job? And, if the person comes on board, will he be a long-term asset to the company or quit after less than a year? Recruitment professionals are depending on predictive analytics software to answer such questions.
Software professionals are unlocking the potential of predictive analytics for developing recruitment software. From job advertising to onboarding a candidate, HR managers are streamlining and optimizing every aspect of recruitment with the help of predictive analytics infused recruitment software. Some of the recruitment software providers are also using chatbots artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities to screen candidates. The candidates are required to answer a few questions about their skills and desired work, then the chatbot searches through the list of different job roles and notifies them of possibilities.
Today, many candidates also interview for jobs over platforms such as Skype, which eliminates the need for physical presence at the venue. Recruitment professionals are developing AI and machine learning (ML) platforms that will help HR managers connect with eligible candidates. For example, ML can screen the resumes of desirable applicants and automatically send them emails for a particular job role. Tools such as recruitment marketing software and applicant tracking system (ATS) are empowering talent acquisition professionals to find and hire the best candidates. Employing ATS, HR managers are organizing and accelerating the hiring process. ATS empowers HR departments to post and manage job ads across multiple job sites, and maintains a database of new applicants and candidates who might be available for future openings.
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Q: Variable not expanding inside another variable bash I am reading a csv file in bash script as follows:
resource='/data/bscs/'
while IFS='|'read seqid fname fpath
do
    echo "FILENO:         $seqid"
    echo "FILENAME:       $fname"
    echo "FILE_PATH:    $fpath"
done < "report.csv"

My csv file has following values :
3|sample1.txt|$resource/operation/
I want the $resource to expand inside $fname. Instead, I am getting this output:
FILENO:         3
FILENAME:       sample1.txt
SOURCE PATH:    $resource/operation

I have tried the following:
"${fpath}"
  $(echo $fpath)
How can I achieve this?

A: You can use eval, but the next maintainer will curse your name. Have you tried just appending the variable when using the parsed data, or expanding the variable when creating the data?
If the file is created that way, can't you just use some [redacted] techniques to convince the originator to change their wicked ways?
If change is literally not possible, then you must have control over which variables are possible. Otherwise your script is vulnerable to all sorts of injection attacks, such as inputs like 3|sample1.txt|$(rm --arr --eff /)/operation/. Since you obviously have that under control, you can do some literal replacements of variables with their values on a case by case basis:
IFS='/' read -a pathnames <<< "$fpath"
for pathname in "${pathnames[@]}"
do
    if [ "${pathname::1}" = '$' ]
    then
        variable_name="${pathname:1}"
        printf '%s' "${!variable_name}"
    else
        printf '%s' "$pathname"
    fi
done

With some additional boilerplate to add slashes between pathnames.

A: You can also use indirect variable expansion
$fpath=`echo $resource/operation`
echo ${!fpath}

This will expand the value of resource inside fpath.

A: Variable expansion happens just once and isn't recursive.
You can expand the value yourself:
resource=/data/bscs
fpath='$resource/operation'
echo ${fpath/'$resource'/$resource}

Note that this is much safer than eval, because all the possible variables to substitute must be listed in the code.

A: I do not know why people hate on eval. When used right does not cause problems.
Simplest solution would be:
    read -p "File Path: " FILE_PATH
    FILE_PATH=$(eval echo $FILE_PATH)

Edit: (explanation) Simply put, if you know your data will be OS PATH, just make sure it is expanded from variables before using it.
Do that by evaluating all possible values in it, this is what eval is for. Using it before every command is just a nightmare - use it on your variables that you are using in command.


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Connecticut's Fiscal Decay
Posted in Big Government, Competitiveness, Connecticut, Higher Taxes, States, Tax Increase, tagged Big Government, Competitiveness, Connecticut, Higher Taxes, States, Tax Increase on June 19, 2019| 4 Comments »
'Two years ago, I wrote about how Connecticut morphed from a low-tax state to a high-tax state.
The Nutmeg State used to be an economic success story, presumably in large part because there was no state income tax.
But then an income tax was imposed almost 30 years ago and it's been downhill ever since.
The last two governors have been especially bad news for the state.
As explained in the Wall Street Journal, Governor Malloy did as much damage as possible before leaving office.
The 50 American states have long competed for people and business, and the 2017 tax reform raises the stakes by limiting the state and local tax deduction on federal returns. The results of bad policy will be harder to disguise. A case in point is Connecticut's continuing economic decline, and now we have even more statistical evidence as a warning to other states. The federal Bureau of Economic Analysis recently rolled out its annual report on personal income growth in the 50 states, and for 2017 the Nutmeg State came in a miserable 44th. …the state's personal income grew at the slowest pace among all New England states, and not by a little. …The consistently poor performance, especially relative to its regional neighbors, suggests that the causes are bad economic policies… In Mr. Malloy's case this has included tax increases starting in 2011 and continuing year after year on individuals and corporations… It is a particular tragedy for the state's poorest citizens who may not be able to flee to other states that aren't run by and for government employees.
Here's some of the data accompanying the editorial.
Eric Boehm nicely summarized the main lesson from the Malloy years in a column for Reason.
If it were true that a state could tax its way to prosperity, Connecticut should be on a non-stop winning streak. Instead, state lawmakers are battling a $3.5 billion deficit. Companies including General Electric, Aetna, and Alexion, a major pharmaceutical firm, have left the state in search of a lower tax burden. Connecticut is looking increasingly like the Illinois of New England: A place where tax increases are no longer fiscally or politically realistic, even though budgetary obligations continue to grow and spending is completely out of control.
Unfortunately, the new governor isn't any better than the old governor. The Wall Street Journal opined on Ned Lamont's destructive fiscal policy.
Connecticut desperately needs a new economic direction. Unfortunately, the biennial budget soon to be signed by new Gov. Ned Lamont doubles down on policies that have produced abysmal results.The state's economic indicators are grim. Connecticut routinely ranks near the bottom in surveys of economic competitiveness. Residents and businesses have been voting with their feet. According to the National Movers Study, only Illinois and New Jersey suffered more out-migration in 2018. General Electric left for Boston in 2016. This week, Farmington-based United Technologies Corp. announced it too will move its headquarters… Mr. Lamont's budget seems designed to accelerate the decline. It increases spending by $2 billion while extending the state's 6.35% sales tax to everything from digital movies to laundry drop-off services to "safety apparel." It adds $50 million in taxes on small businesses, raises the minimum wage by 50%, and provides the country's most generous mandated paid family medical leave. Florida and North Carolina must be licking their lips. …The state employee pension plan is underfunded by $100 billion—$75,000 per Connecticut household. A responsible budget would try to start filling the gap; the Lamont budget underfunds the teachers' plan by another $9.1 billion, increasing the long-term liability by $27 billion. …Mr. Lamont proposes to slap a 2.25% penalty on people who sell a high-end home and move out of state. Having given up on attracting affluent families, he's trying to prevent the ones who are here from leaving.
As one might expect, all this bad news is generating bad outcomes. Here are some details from an editorial in today's Wall Street Journal.
…as a new study documents, more businesses are leaving Connecticut as they get walloped with higher taxes that are bleeding the state. Democrats in 2015 imposed a 20% surtax on top of the state's 7.5% corporate rate, effectively raising the tax rate to 9%. They also increased the top income tax rate to 6.99% from 6.7% on individuals earning more than $500,000. The state estimated the corporate tax hike would raise $481 million over two years, but revenue increased by merely $323 million… Meantime, the state's Department of Economic and Community Development, whose job is to strengthen "Connecticut's competitive position," in 2016 alone spent $358 million…to induce businesses to stay or move to the state. This means that Connecticut doled out twice as much in corporate welfare as it raked in from the corporate tax increase. …Thus we have Connecticut's business model: Raise costs for everyone and then leverage taxpayers to provide discounts for a politically favored few. …The state has lost population for the last five years. …The exodus has depressed tax revenue.
And there's no question that people are voting with their feet, as Bloomberg reports.
Roughly 5 million Americans move from one state to another annually and some states are clearly making out better than others. Florida and South Carolina enjoyed the top economic gains, while Connecticut, New York and New Jersey faced some of the biggest financial drains, according to…data from the Internal Revenue Service and the U.S. Census Bureau. Connecticut lost the equivalent of 1.6% of its annual adjusted gross income, as the people who moved out of the Constitution State had an average income of $122,000, which was 26% higher than those migrating in. Moreover, "leavers" outnumbered "stayers" by a five-to-four margin.
Here's a chart from the article showing how Connecticut is driving away some of its most lucrative taxpayers.
Here's a specific example of someone voting with their feet. But not just anybody. It's David Walker, the former Comptroller General of the United States, and he knows how to assess a jurisdiction's financial outlook.
…my wife, Mary, and I are leaving the Constitution State. We are saddened to do so because we love our home, our neighborhood, our neighbors, and the state. However, like an increasing number of people, the time has come to cut our losses… current state and local leaders have the willingness and ability to make the tough choices needed to create a better future in Connecticut, especially in connection with unfunded retirement obligations. …Connecticut has gone from a top five to bottom five state in competitive posture and financial condition since the late 1980s. In more recent years, this has resulted in an exodus from the state and a significant decline in home values.
All of this horrible news suggests that perhaps Connecticut should get more votes in my poll on which state will be the first to suffer fiscal collapse.
Incidentally, that raises a very troubling issue.
The former Governor of Indiana, Mitch Daniels, wrote last year for the Washington Post that we should be worried about pressure for a bailout of profligate states such as Connecticut.
…several of today's 50 states have descended into unmanageable public indebtedness. …in terms of per capita state debt, Connecticut ranks among the worst in the nation, with unfunded liabilities amounting to $22,700 per citizen. …More and more desperate tax increases haven't cured the problem; it's possible that they are making it worse. When a state pursues boneheaded policies long enough, people and businesses get up and leave, taking tax dollars with them. …So where is a destitute governor to turn? Sooner or later, we can anticipate pleas for nationalization of these impossible obligations. …Sometime in the next few years, we are likely to go through our own version of the recent euro-zone drama with, let's say, Connecticut in the role of Greece.
And don't forget other states that are heading in the wrong direction. Politicians from California, New York, New Jersey, and Illinois also will be lining up for bailouts.
Here's the bottom line on Connecticut: As recently as 1990, the state had no income tax, which put it in the most competitive category.
But then politicians finally achieved their dream and imposed an income tax.
And in a remarkably short period of time, the state has dug a big fiscal hole of excessive taxes and spending (with gigantic unfunded liabilities as well).
It's now in the next-to-last category and it's probably just a matter of time before it's in the 5th column.
P.S. While my former state obviously has veered sharply in the wrong direction on fiscal policy, I must say that I'm proud that residents have engaged in civil disobedience against the state's anti-gun policies.


text:
Q: Am receiving error myFunction not defined when loading in chrome debugger Am receiving notification in chrome debugger that myFunction is not defined. Could greatly use some help. Thank you.
<!DOCTYPE html>

Click the button to loop through a block of as long as i is less than 10.

<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>

A: You should have also seen another error in your console using the code you have provided:
Uncaught SyntaxError: Unexpected token else
if (math.random > .5) i === "Heads"}
    else { i === "tails"
  };

Should be:
if (Math.random() > .5) {
     i = "Heads";
}
else {
    i = "tails";
};

A: Create the Javascript Function first and call him
<!DOCTYPE html>

Click the button to loop through a block of as long as i is less than 10.

<button onclick="myFunction()">Try it</button>


text:
Archie Introduces 'Sonic Universe'
by Robert Greenberger · November 26, 2008
Archie Comics has declared that February will see a freshening of the sonic the Hedghog brand as they introduce a new title and reboot the others.
Archie has added new characters and situations to the Sonic canon over the last fifteen years. For many Sonic fans, the Archie Sonic comics are considered the glue that holds the various interpretations of their hero together.
Archie Comics' role as definitive guardian of the canon will be truer than ever, as everything comes together in a new series called Sonic Universe.. This series will unify the various Sonic continuities as never before, tying up loose ends and making connections for a cohesive, unified continuity.
To underscore Archie's importance to Sonic continuity, there is a major tie-in between the first issue of Sonic Universe and the latest installment of the Sonic Archives reprint series, also shipping in February. Sonic Universe #1 starts with a bang. In the story "Living Weapons," Shadow and Metal Sonic continue their series-spanning fight and wind up in a whole new dimension! As we continue to re-envision Sonic's future, fans can also look to the past by picking up Sonic Archives #10 to revisit classic Sonic stories, or read them for the very first time. It truly brings things full circle for fans!
Meanwhile, things are as chaotic as ever over in the regular monthly Sonic the Hedghog, as issue #197 finds Sonic with his hands full dealing with Scourge the Hedgehog, Sally being accused of treason, a lockdown of zones and a new threat that looms on the horizon. These events will have an impact upon the events that transpire in Sonic Universe providing a unified and ongoing continuity as the storylines and cast of characters expand.
SONIC UNIVERSE #1
BECAUSE YOU DEMANDED IT: A THRILLING NEW SONIC SERIES THAT RAISES THE STAKES & EXPANDS THE COMIC BOOK WORLD OF SONIC!
"Living Weapons": This is the comic the fans have waited for – an ever-expanding, all-encompassing series revolving around Sonic's many friends and foes whose continuity aligns with the regular monthly Sonic comic. Along the way, we'll deliver some of the popular supporting cast from the many Sonic video games, including many who have never appeared in the comics before! The first issue of "Sonic Universe" debuts with a story that's out of this world – literally – as Shadow and Metal Sonic continue their series-spanning fight and wind up in a whole new dimension! And things are bound to heat up when Blaze the Cat and a Chaos Emerald enter the mix! Don't miss the explosive beginning of this universe-spanning series!
SCRIPT: Ian Flynn.
ART: Tracy Yardley!
Dimension-defying cover by Patrick "Spaz!" Spaziante
Shipping Date: February 18th, 2009
On Sale at Comic Specialty Shops: February 25th, 2009
On Sale on Newsstands: March 10th, 2009
32-page, full color comic
$2.50 US.
SONIC THE HEDGEHOG ARCHIVES #10
The thrilling new series that lets fans relive classic Sonic stories continues! Volume 10 presents issues #37 through #40 of Sonic's ongoing comic book series in a special 5 x 7 & ½ inch edition. These stories continue the artistic change to a more "dramatic" tone, better aligning the series to the hit Saturday morning animated series then on the air. The emphasis is on the chaos that ensues in the wake of a cataclysmic earthquake, with Robotnik trying to cope with the compromised security of Robotropolis and continue his reign of terror. An even greater threat looms with the rise of Mecha Sonic during the epic "Mecha Madness" story arc, which leads to court martial proceedings for wrongfully accused Sonic! Each story is meticulously restored and printed on high-grade paper, so you can feel like you're zipping right alongside the cobalt champion as he saves Knothole Village! Stories include: "The Day Robotropolis Fell" and "Bunnie's Worst Nightmare" (issue #37), "The Rise of Robotropolis…The Fall of Sonic" and "Bedtime Tails" (issue #38), "Rage Against the Machine" (issue #39), and "Court Martial" (issue #40).
SCRIPTS: Angelo DeCesare, Rich Koslowski, Kent Taylor, Mike Gallagher, Ken Penders & Mike Kanterovich.
ART: Brian Thomas, Rich Koslowski, Manny Galán, Patrick "Spaz!" Spaziante, Ken Penders & Dave Manak.
Colossal cover by Patrick "Spaz!" Spaziante
On Sale at Comic Specialty Shops: March 4th, 2009
112-page, full color paperback
ISBN #: 978-1-879794-39-9
SONIC THE HEDGEHOG #197
"Consequences": Sonic is traversing the Cosmic Highway to the Multiverse with Scourge the Hedgehog in custody, but he doesn't get far before he learns that all the zones are in lockdown. What threat has caused such drastic measures, and can Sonic defeat it? Meanwhile, a hearing is underway to determine whether Princess Sally is guilty of treason. All this, plus a development of cataclysmic proportions that could well mark the beginning of the end as the countdown to issue #200 continues!
ART: Tracy Yardley! and Matt Herms.
Cosmically cool cover by Tracy Yardley!
Shipping Date: February 4th, 2009
On Sale on Newsstands: February 24th, 2009
Robert Greenberger
Robert Greenberger is best known to comics fans as the editor of Who's Who In The DC Universe, Suicide Squad, and Doom Patrol. He's written and edited several Star Trek novels and is the author of The Essential Batman Encyclopedia. He's known for his work as an editor for Comics Scene, Starlog, and Weekly World News, as well as holding executive positions at both Marvel Comics and DC Comics.
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Mable says:
Soooo which is it? Sonic Universe , Sonic the Hedgehog, or Sonic Archives?
I just continue to wonder why the sonic comics arent sold within the UK or the rest of europe for that matter
Jix Hedgehog says:
Sounds like its in this order :Sonic X 40 -> Sonic 197 -> Sonic Archives (for a recap on the Cosmic "Interstate" maybe?) -> Sonic Universe -> Sonic 198 -> Sonic Universe 2 (assuming its on-going) -> Sonic 199 -> Sonic Universe 3 -> Sonic 200Can't wait! Going to the comic store tomorrow for 195 and 196 and X 40
Will Sonic Univese be sold to the UK?
Vinnie Bartilucci says:
Sonic is the first book my daughter has taken an active interest in. I'm looking forward to taking her to the NYCC and taking her to the booth so she can talk to the creators.
I love Sonic Univerce!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Ihave read all of the arks so far but there is one i did not read and that is the first one also,I have not completed the 3rd ark because they have only released 2 of the 4.
Next story 'Sarah Jane' Back for Third Season
Previous story Bryan Singer and Warner Premiere to Work Together


text:
Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Increased Risk of CKD Prevalence in China
Guoxing Li, Jing Huang, Jinwei Wang, Minghui Zhao, Yang Liu, Xinbiao Guo, Shaowei Wu and Luxia Zhang
JASN December 2020, ASN.2020040517; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2020040517
Guoxing Li
1Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
2Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China
Jing Huang
Jinwei Wang
3Institute of Nephrology, Peking University, Beijing, China
4Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Peking University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
ORCID record for Jinwei Wang
Minghui Zhao
ORCID record for Minghui Zhao
5Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
Xinbiao Guo
ORCID record for Xinbiao Guo
Shaowei Wu
6Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
Luxia Zhang
7Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, China
8National Institutes of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China
Exposure to an air pollutant, fine particulate matter (PM2.5), is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary disease. However, minimal data exist on how exposure to high PM2.5 levels, such as in areas of mainland China, may affect CKD risk. In their analysis of data from a large survey of Chinese adults, the authors demonstrate significant associations between long-term exposure to high ambient levels of PM2.5 and an increased risk of CKD prevalence and albuminuria. These associations were significantly stronger in urban areas, among males, among individuals <65 years, and among those with comorbidities. The study's findings offer insight for target population protection and provide evidence for policy makers and public health practices to reduce the CKD risk associated with ambient PM2.5 pollution.
Background Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is an important environmental risk factor for cardiopulmonary diseases. However, the association between PM2.5 and risk of CKD remains under-recognized, especially in regions with high levels of PM2.5, such as China.
Methods To explore the association between long-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and CKD prevalence in China, we used data from the China National Survey of CKD, which included a representative sample of 47,204 adults. We estimated annual exposure to PM2.5 before the survey date at each participant's address, using a validated, satellite-based, spatiotemporal model with a 10 km×10 km resolution. Participants with eGFR <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 or albuminuria were defined as having CKD. We used a logistic regression model to estimate the association and analyzed the influence of potential modifiers.
Results The 2-year mean PM2.5 concentration was 57.4 μg/m3, with a range from 31.3 to 87.5 μg/m3. An increase of 10 μg/m3 in PM2.5 was positively associated with CKD prevalence (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.22 to 1.35) and albuminuria (OR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.32 to 1.47). Effect modification indicated these associations were significantly stronger in urban areas compared with rural areas, in males compared with females, in participants aged <65 years compared with participants aged ≥65 years, and in participants without comorbid diseases compared with those with comorbidities.
Conclusions These findings regarding the relationship between long-term exposure to high ambient PM2.5 levels and CKD in the general Chinese population provide important evidence for policy makers and public health practices to reduce the CKD risk posed by this pollutant.
ambient PM2.5
long-term exposure
You are going to email the following Long-Term Exposure to Ambient PM2.5 and Increased Risk of CKD Prevalence in China
Guoxing Li, Jing Huang, Jinwei Wang, Minghui Zhao, Yang Liu, Xinbiao Guo, Shaowei Wu, Luxia Zhang
JASN Dec 2020, ASN.2020040517; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2020040517
Association of Multiple Plasma Biomarker Concentrations with Progression of Prevalent Diabetic Kidney Disease: Findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Conventional and Genetic Evidence on the Association between Adiposity and CKD
The Relationship between AKI and CKD in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: An Observational Cohort Study
Show more Clinical Epidemiology


I still live in hope!!
Wasnt me either, congrats to the winner, interested to see whats next.
Yes Im in too another 500 entries here Fingers crossed for the win!!!
Its new its the one I came home with, aling with a long sleeved SOB shirt, both brought from the smaller merch stall in the alleyway between the theatre and the hotel..its just before you enter through the security checks!
Just more gossip that it will be extended..nothing exciting! Wish i hadnt waited in now...!
Will know shortly, either would suit me!!
Fox news following up coverage from last night by teasing Springsteen news/announcement/gossip at 9.00! I will be watching and report back..not another extension?
Just popped down to the 7-11 on the corner of Broadway for more supplies and the roads closed and swarming with cops..i turned back they must be reading this!
Just a 100 yards away from Radio City sitting in my hotel room watching, but after a day at the Brooklyn Brewery I might be tempted to rush the stage so sitting tight here with another beer!
No I think we will be seff guided..I looked at the guided tour but in the end sadly it came down to money. Thank you again its been fantastic so far.
Thank you were still talking about it! I think that the show has evolved and it felt that Bruce was more comfortable with the auidence participating..to a point, fortunately until the end the crowd were very well behaved, Bruce himself commenting on this! Yes will be heading out to Asbury later in the week, waiting for the good weather to arrive.
Yes will look out for you..i need to find both my hotel and flight details before i leave currently feeling very disorganised! Im pretty sure hotels on Times Sq hence the closeness..safe flight.
Yes thats a shame, I may well be lurking most nights hoping for some pics ... hotel is a 4 minute walk away so will probably pop down each day!
Just 5 days before its my turn, making a holiday of it with a trip to NJ very much part of it, all ends with Def Leppard at MSG...flying Monday.


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Below is the one and only lobster starter this year, and also a guest favourite — lobster gratinée served with bread. Meaty chunks of lobster are baked in an escargot dish with garlic, herbs, and gooey melted cheeses.
I was also able to try a couple other popular starters from the regular menu. The tuna tartare is one of my favourites. Tuna and avocado go so well together, and the crispy chips provide a nice crunch to complement them. Sometimes I find the chips a bit oily, but this time they were done pretty well.
The baked brie was good as well, and I especially enjoyed the red pepper jelly served on the side. However, I found this dish quite heavy and probably wouldn't order it unless there were at least 4 people sharing. After all, it came with 10 pieces of crostini!
For drinks, I tried the Easy Rider which is basically a blueberry flavoured gin and tonic. Very pretty and easy to drink.
Every meal at The Keg comes with complimentary bread, and this is something I always enjoy. But this time I found out a little secret... You can ask for three cheese butter with your bread! It's a lot tastier than the regular whipped butter. They don't usually provide it with the bread, but just ask for this off-menu spread.
I had the steak and half lobster for my main. Please note that this is different from the "steak and lobster" on the regular menu. That one comes with just the lobster tail, but this one comes with the entire half lobster including the claw and body. I replaced the usual sirloin with a 7 oz filet mignon wrapped in bacon. The steak was cooked perfectly to my desired doneness (rare) and the lobster was extremely fresh! The Keg usually cooks everything perfectly, but on the few rare occasions that they've fallen short, I've never had an issue with getting my food replaced. I've always been happy with the service here.
The picture below basically covers all of the desserts available at The Keg with the exception of ice cream. I would recommend the Billy miner pie and the crème brûlée. Even if you're really full, you can consider getting a mini brownie or crème brûlée for only $3.
The Billy miner pie was a crowd favourite. Can't really go wrong with mocha ice cream on a chocolate sponge bottom, topped with sliced almonds, hot fudge and caramel sauce. I actually managed to finish mine despite being quite full. It wasn't very filling because the texture of the ice cream was super light and fluffy as if it were whipped.
The crème brûlée had a nice crispy caramelized crust, while the custard itself was velvety smooth and creamy with a rich aromatic taste of eggs. This was my personal favourite.
The brownie sundae pictured below is the full size, but as mentioned above, it's also available in a mini size. I didn't taste this, so I can't comment on the flavour.
I also did not taste the cheesecake, but was told by someone who did that it was just a regular slice of cheesecake.
Overall this meal was very enjoyable, as were all of my prior dining experiences with The Keg. I will definitely be back again for the Lobster Summer menu before it ends on September 2!


text:
Google kills its Tango augmented reality platform, shifting focus to ARCore
Lucas Matney	@lucasmtny / 3 years
Google announced today that it's shutting down its high-end smartphone augmented reality platform, Tango, in order to focus on the more mass market ARCore product. The company had already confirmed this much to us when they announced ARCore in August, but now we have an official timeline for Tango's demise.
Tango support will cease March 1, 2018.
"Thank you to our incredible community of developers who made such progress with Tango over the last three years," the company said in a tweet. "We look forward to continuing the journey with you on ARCore."
First introduced in 2014, "Project Tango" was a bit of a trailblazer in its own right, preceding Apple's ARKit with a phone and tablet-based mobile AR solution that relied on advanced camera hardware to build 3D meshes of spaces in a manner similar to the way Microsoft's HoloLens functions. Getting phone manufacturers to build this fairly expensive functionality into their products was a fool's errand for Google, which only succeeded in getting the Tango platform running on a few gimmicky devices over the course of three years.
The company seemed to have its hand forced this year by Apple, which talked a big game regarding its ARKit platform on iOS11, leaving Google to abandon the high cost of entry to Android AR with the introduction of ARCore this past August. There's quite a lot of crossover in these technologies though, so it's not like Tango was all for naught. The platform simplifies things a bit, focusing on plane detection rather than building a 3D mesh of the space. This allows ARCore functionality to run on popular phones like the Galaxy S8 and Pixel that don't have crazy multi-camera IR setups on them.
"Our goal with Tango was really to prove out the core technology and show the world that it's possible," Google AR/VR boss Clay Bavor told TechCrunch in August. "Obviously others have started to invest in smartphone AR, our goal with Tango has always been to drive that capability into as many devices as possible."
This shutdown is pretty logical; there's no sense having a fractured development process for a platform like Android that's already so difficult to align behind a single AR platform. This is all fairly low-stakes at this point, given the lack of established use cases, so dialing back from more advanced technologies to more approachable ones is probably the right call. Nevertheless, this does suck for the handful of users who purchased phones, including the Asus ZenFone AR, which were released just months ago and highlighted Tango as a hallmark feature of the device.


text:
NY Mayor Bloomberg Reverses Course, Cancels NYC Marathon
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg has called off the New York Marathon, bowing to political pressure and criticism that the race would divert city resources away from the Hurricane Sandy cleanup effort. But it will cause another financial blow to the already reeling city.
Bloomberg wanted to move forward with the marathon because it was expected to generate $350 million in economic activity for the beleaguered city, which is losing tens of millions of dollars a day because of the hurricane.
The mayor also wanted to marathon to go forward as a symbol of the city's resiliency and a sign that it was quickly moving ahead to restore normalcy to the city. But the marathon would have placed a huge strain on city sanitation and police resources. It also would tax transportation, with half the subway system still knocked out.
Critics charged that the race would favor Manhattan over the other city boroughs, especially Queens and Staten Island, both of which have been hard hit by the storm, which has left nearly 100 people dead up and down the coast. An estimated 40 people were killed in the New York area.
"We would not want a cloud to hang over the race or its participants, and so we have decided to cancel it," Mr. Bloomberg and the organizers said in a joint news release.
"We cannot allow a controversy over an athletic event—even one as meaningful as this—to distract attention away from all the critically important work that is being done to recover from the storm and get our city back on track."
But race supporters said the marathon is, in many ways, helping expedite the cleanup, not only to make sure the park (and the city) is presentable for TV audiences around the world, but for running fans, and the 47,000 runners who have trained for months for the race.
TheImproper reported the mayor's support for the race yesterday. "Some people said you shouldn't run the marathon," he said.
"There's an awful lot of small businesses that depend on these people. We have to have an economy. There's lots of people that have come here," he added.
Supporters also noted that the 2001 NYC Marathon continued just seven weeks after the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks — the largest non-natural disaster in U.S. history — as a way to show the world the city's resilience.
Apparently the tipping point for the mayor came after the Police Benevolent Association said the NYPD was stretched too thin to facilitate what he called "essentially a citywide party."
"We are spread far too thin fighting crime, terrorism and the effects of this disaster," union head Patrick J. Lynch said in a statement.
Tags:2012 new york city marathon, central park, Hurricane Sandy, Mayor Bloomberg, New York Marathon cancelled, new york road runners, NYDP, NYRR, Peter Lynch
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Hamas says it does not know the whereabouts of an Israeli soldier it had been accused of capturing in Gaza.
The Islamist group's military wing says it lost contact with some fighters in the area and that they and Hadar Goldin, 23, may have been killed.
His supposed capture and the violence that followed ended a 72-hour ceasefire just hours after it had begun.
Earlier, US President Obama described the crisis as "heartbreaking" and said he would work to secure another truce.
"Innocent civilians caught in the crossfire have to weigh on our conscience," he said, but added that Hamas had to show it was serious about wanting an end to the violence.
Israeli airstrikes continued into the early hours of Saturday morning, with Gaza health officials saying nearly 100 Palestinians had been killed in following the collapse of a ceasefire.
At least 1,600 Palestinians, mostly civilians, have now died, and 8,400 have been injured, according to Gaza's health ministry.
Sixty-one Israeli soldiers have died, as well as three civilians in Israel.
Hamas accused Israel of breaking the short-lived ceasefire but the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) said it had been forced to respond to militant rocket fire.


text:
Home >> Newsroom >> National Media Release
CBP Contributes to Project Deliverance
Washington - U.S. Customs and Border Protection efforts in the multi-agency effort led by the Department of Justice known as Project Deliverance contributed to the more than 2,200 individuals arrested on narcotics-related charges in the U.S. and more than 74.1 tons of illegal drugs seized. CBP identified and apprehended Project Deliverance suspects entering or exiting the U.S. and intercepted illicit currency, narcotics and firearms associated with these organizations.
"Opportunities to secure our borders are aggressively being identified on an ongoing basis through our partnerships and collaboration efforts. Building upon these relationships will be at the forefront of our priorities and strategies," said CBP Commissioner Alan Bersin.
In support of Project Deliverance, enhanced operations were conducted at all CBP ports of entry and crossings along the southwest border, with a primary focus on the Rio Grande Valley and El Paso corridors.
More than 3,000 agents and officers from more than 300 federal, state, local and foreign law enforcement agencies operated across the U.S. to make the arrests. During the enforcement action, law enforcement personnel seized $5.8 million in U.S. currency, 2,951 pounds of marijuana, 112 kilograms of cocaine, 17 pounds of methamphetamine, 141 weapons and 85 vehicles.
Project Deliverance, a 22-month effort, concluded on June 9 and targeted the transportation infrastructure of Mexican drug trafficking organizations in the U.S., especially along the Southwest border.
The investigative efforts in Project Deliverance were coordinated by the multi-agency Special Operations Division, comprised of agents and analysts from the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Immigration and Customs Enforcement, the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Marshals Service, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives and CBP, as well as attorneys from the Criminal Division's Narcotic and Dangerous Drug Section.


IMAS International has been conducting research via the internet since 2005. Since the creation of our IMAS Panel, it has been joined by more than 65,000 active participants.
We are a member of RedRay International Research Partners network. The network includes following countries: Austria, Brazil, Czech Republic, China, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Poland, Spain and UK. The RedRay partners are full-service agencies who know and trust each other while each having their own unique strengths and intimate knowledge of their home markets.
We are pleased to announce that in 2019, IMAS was once again awarded the Certificate of Quality Control of Interviewers' Work Program (PKJPA) in category: Research conducted with CATI & CAWI.


Let's take a break from talking about trying to get pregnant when obese and talk about child obesity.
If your toddler is obese, the first thing that you should do is talk to their pediatrician. They will be able to evaluate your child and determine what the proper weight for your child should be. It is likely that they will also be able to give some specific advice to help with the situation as well.
Parents should work with their toddler to eat healthier foods and to exercise. Encouraging exercise is one of the most important things that a parent can do for an obese child, but you should also monitor what they are eating as well.
Avoid giving them junk food or foods that are high in fat and carbohydrates. Instead stick with healthy fruits and vegetables and whole grains. You should also limit the amount of snacking that your child does throughout the day as well.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub