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CDC Sabotages State Laws Protecting Lyme Patients
https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/cdc-sabotages-state-laws-protecting-lyme-patients-jenna-luche-thayer?trk=v feed&lipi=urn%3Ali%3Apage%3Ap_flagship3_feed%3BUDHCBk0s9W%2BA1GLOF69nqg%3D%3D by Jenna Luche-Thayer, July 4, 2017
The United States (US) Constitution states that 'all men are created equal.' However, American history has shown time and again that human nature and cultural beliefs have led to widely accepted discrimination against certain groups. In almost every case, these marginalized groups have had to organize and demand their rights under the Constitution in order to overturn practices of discrimination.
When one reviews US history, it appears that the federal government takes leadership over state government regarding the rights of marginalized groups. In such cases, the federal government and Supreme Court has intervened to extend active protection for groups living under discriminatory state laws. Classic examples of federal protection of marginalized groups include the federal enforcement of desegregation in the nation's public school system.
In current times, the US Lyme epidemic has created many thousands of patients debilitated and disabled by the disease and its coinfections. In contrast to historic trends, there are significantly more state-level commitments to the protection of this vulnerable group than there are federal commitments. In fact, the federal government has done nothing to protect many who make up this vulnerable group.
The numbers of state actions to protect and serve Lyme patients is directly linked to the increasing national impact of the Lyme epidemic. To put it simply, more and more state officials and legislators have family members, friends and constituents who are suffering significant and enduring debilitations, disability and financial ruin from Lyme, chronic Lyme, and complications from coinfections. In some cases, the state officials and legislators themselves have Lyme, chronic Lyme or Lyme and coinfections.
As it stands, more than 25 state laws have been passed to provide some measure of protections for Lyme patients and/or practitioners who treat Lyme patients. There are 15 states that have such legislation and more are pending. There are 'Lyme disease awareness' laws in 14 states and more are pending.[i] Furthermore, there are increasing numbers of grassroots Lyme advocates that have gained the support of state officials, legislators, medical and other community leaders to quietly make changes that advance access to Lyme treatment options for state staff and other workers at risk of tick-borne diseases including those in construction, landscaping, forestry, brush clearing, land surveying, farming, railroad work, oil field work, utility line work, park or wildlife management, and migrant workers. This is driven by concern for staff wellbeing and economic considerations, e.g. the importance of having a healthy workforce and the desire to reduce costs driven by absenteeism, ill health and disability claims.[ii]
There are over 70 active and enduring nonprofit Lyme organizations throughout the US. Many are openly working with legislators and other state officials to advance Lyme awareness and protections for Lyme patients and their practitioners. Such nonprofit organizations are informing the public and health practitioners that Lyme disease can be complex, dangerous and life altering, that current diagnostic tests are highly inaccurate and a month of antibiotics is often insufficient treatment. Nonprofit Lyme groups in Michigan, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Wisconsin have put up Lyme Awareness billboards. [iii] Such Lyme awareness activities differ dramatically from those of the federal government and particularly that of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Not only has the federal government done little to protect or serve Lyme patients, there is a federal agency that is actively sabotaging the State laws protecting Lyme patients. This federal agency is the CDC. This may well the only case in US History where the federal government is actively undermining state laws that protect a specific group of suffering medical patients – many of whom are debilitated, disabled and financially ruined from illness. [iv]
Furthermore, the CDC Lyme Corps program may well be the only public health education program in US history to serve this cruel objective by exploiting the energy of American youth who wish to serve their communities.
It appears that the CDC Lyme Corps program is a national public health education program. From 2013 to 2016, the CDC website provided no information regarding Lyme Corps. In mid-May 2016, the CDC website posted a few sentences that provide meager information regarding Lyme Corps. In a clear departure from normal federal transparency practices regarding public access to unclassified program information, the CDC has made Lyme Corps' basic program information largely unavailable.
Internet research has found some information regarding Lyme Corps. According to a conference poster, the CDC Lyme Corps program is a "new means of educating health care providers (HCPs) and the public about Lyme disease because: 1) recent surveys indicate that provider practices are often inconsistent with current Guidelines and 2) inaccurate information about Lyme disease is disseminated broadly through internet forums, social media, and traditional media. Pairing these needs with the desire for a "hands on" approach, we developed Lyme Corps. Lyme Corps trains students pursuing health care degrees… to provide Lyme disease education and outreach to both HCPs and the public. Participants' primary responsibilities include: 1) educating colleagues; 2) educating HCPs via clinic visits and material dissemination; and 3) increasing public knowledge in-person and online." [v]
As noted, the CDC appears to be concerned that "provider practices are often inconsistent with current guidelines". The 'current guidelines' referred to are the 2006 Lyme Guidelines written by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA).
To be clear, the CDC is using Lyme Corps to tell health practitioners the only valid treatment for Lyme, chronic Lyme and complications from coinfections are found in the 2006 IDSA Lyme Guidelines. However, key science institutions and federal agencies would not support this objective.
For example, the federal Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is charged with improving the safety and quality of America's health care system. AHRQ develops the knowledge, tools and data needed to improve the health care system and help Americans, health care professionals and policymakers make informed health decisions. The federal National Guideline Clearinghouse (NGC) provides summaries regarding evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, including their development and implementation. AHRQ sponsors the NGC database and website for information on evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. The 2006 IDSA Lyme Guidelines were removed from the NGC in February 2016 because they failed to meet federal standards evidence-based clinical practice Guidelines.
The IDSA Lyme Guidelines have also failed the prestigious Institute of Medicine's (IOM) Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Working Group system for grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. [vi]
The CDC Lyme Corps was initiated in 2013 prior to the NGC delisting of the IDSA Lyme Guidelines. Nevertheless, as of July 4, 2016, the IDSA and the CDC Lyme policy and programs, including Lyme Corps continue to promote these outdated notions and noncompliant Guidelines.
In 2014, CDC Vector-Borne Disease Branch (VBDB) official Christina Nelson enlisted Lyme Corps members from professional staff in the Vermont Department of Health and students at University of Vermont (UVM). UVM Students shared their altruistic reasons for joining Lyme Corps in the University of Vermont medicine blog Joining Lyme Corps to Raise Awareness in Vermont posted June 11, 2015:
In the fall of 2014, "Dr. Christina Nelson, a medical epidemiologist at the CDC in Fort Collins, Colorado…described a program called Lyme Corps, a CDC-sponsored, interdisciplinary program consisting of medical students, public health students, and residents from the University of Vermont. We were immediately interested in joining the effort. Here's why…
[Student 1] I grew up in a community in Maine where there is a high incidence of Lyme disease. I have known many individuals who have been affected by this disease and when I volunteered in my local pediatrician's office three years ago, I got to see first-hand how families can be impacted by this tick-borne illness. I decided to participate in Lyme Corps because I wanted to help teach both my community here in Vermont and back in Maine more about this condition through increased awareness and prevention.
[Student 2] As medical students, there is some straightforward and important information we can relay to patients to help combat misinformation and confusion about Lyme disease."
The CDC's initiation of the Vermont Lyme Corps program followed the passing of a Vermont bill that protects Lyme patients and health practitioners who treat Lyme patients. The H. 123 bill has been effective as of July 1, 2014.
According to the July 14, 2014 Providence Journal article New Vt. law aims to aid in treatment of Lyme disease as cases soar by Lisa Rathke, "Vermont lawmakers passed a bill that they hope will help with treating the [Lyme] symptoms. The new law makes doctors and other health professionals immune from professional conduct charges if they prescribe a course of long-term antibiotics to treat Lyme disease…Vermont joined Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and California in protecting doctors if they prescribe antibiotics for more than a month to people with the disease." [vii]
The Vermont H. 123 bill states:
Lyme disease, caused by one or more Borrelia species of spirochete bacteria…has become endemic in the State.
Lyme disease may be successfully treated with a short-term course of antibiotics if diagnosed early; however, for patients whose Lyme disease is not identified early, complex and ongoing symptoms may require more aggressive treatment as acknowledged by the CDC and the International Lyme and Associated Diseases Society (ILADS).
Treatment of Lyme disease needs to be tailored to the individual patient, and there is a range of opinions within the medical community regarding proper treatment of Lyme disease.
Coinfection by other tick-borne illnesses may complicate and lengthen the course of treatment.
The purpose of this act is to ensure that patients have access to treatment for Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses in accordance with their needs and the clinical judgment of their physicians.
The Board [Vermont State Board of Medical Practice] shall not pursue disciplinary action against a physician, physician assistant, or nurse practitioner, as appropriate, solely for the use of medical care recognized by the Guidelines of the CDC, IDSA or ILADS for the treatment of a patient's symptoms when the patient is clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease or other tick-borne illness.
It should be noted that, in contrast to the IDSA, the ILADS Lyme Guidelines are federally sanctioned by AHRQ and are posted on the NGC. ILADS Lyme Guidelines have also met the IOM Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines and the GRADE Working Group system for grading the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
The CDC Vermont Lyme Corps disseminates public education messages that subvert the patient protections stated in the Vermont H. 123 bill. These include the outdated CDC and IDSA claims that Lyme is hard-to-contract-and-easy-to-diagnose-and-cure. These messages are detailed in UVM blog The Ticks Are Out! Get the Facts About Lyme Disease In Vermont and The Medical Students' News Publication of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) – Section on Medical Students, Residents & Fellowship Trainees Issue 28, Winter 2016 (pages 5 and 6). [viii] [ix]
The existence of patients with persistent infection is denied.
Complications from coinfections are minimized and trivialized.
The public and practitioners are denied information regarding the range of opinions within the medical community regarding proper treatment of Lyme disease.
There is little to no message regarding how Lyme treatment needs to be tailored to the individual patient.
The federally non-compliant IDSA Lyme treatment protocols are advanced as the only treatment option for all patients.
Practitioners' clinical diagnoses are suggested to be less valid than the 1995 two-tiered test designed for surveillance purposes.
In addition to promoting the outdated and noncompliant 2006 IDSA Lyme Guidelines, the CDC has trained its Vermont Lyme Corps student members to disseminate misinformation to practitioners and the public. These Lyme Corps messages undermine the core purpose of the Vermont bill "to ensure that patients have access to treatment for Lyme disease and other tick-borne illnesses in accordance with their needs and the clinical judgment of their physicians." These transgressions can be categorized as explicit misinformation, the denial of patient rights to federally sanctioned treatment options and a neglect of patient centered care.
Apparently, Lyme Corps has also been quite active in Pennsylvania. In 2013, CDC recruited "10 Lyme Corps team members in partnership with Drexel University and the Philadelphia Department of Public Health. Participants attended a 2-day training workshop on clinical and public health management of Lyme disease. Participants kept detailed logs of activities, participated in monthly conference calls, consulted with CDC organizers regularly. From April-May 2013, participants distributed over 1500 printed materials to schools, clinics, parks, etc. They gave 23 presentations to clinical staff at medical practices (average practice size 1,800 patients). Participants also presented to public health officials and a wide variety of adult and children's groups from the general public. Total direct reach was 917 persons. Participants answered over 200 Lyme disease-related questions on health forums."[x]
Pennsylvania also has a law regarding Lyme. According to Newsworks July 10 2014article, New Pa. Lyme disease law focuses on education, lacks mandatory tick registry by Jessica McDonald, BILL No.177 is aimed at providing Lyme disease "information to both the public and healthcare providers" and "created a task force to work on prevention and treatment." [xi] The Pennsylvania Lyme bill also provides some measure of protection in the way Lyme and coinfections are defined and diagnosed. The bill language describing the illness is very current compared to the outdated Lyme misinformation disseminated by IDSA, CDC and Lyme Corps on July 4, 2016.
BILL No.177 defines Lyme disease as a
clinical diagnosis of a patient by a licensed physician or certified registered nurse practitioner of the presence of signs or symptoms compatible with acute, late-stage, persistent infection with Borrelia burgdorferi"
"complications related to such infection" and "other acute and persistent manifestations of such an infection"
or with such "other strains of Borrelia that are recognized by the CDC as a cause of Lyme disease" – this would include Borrelia mayonii and other Borrelia.
The bill recognizes "Bartonella, babesiosis/piroplasmosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis or other tick-transmissible illness" – this would include Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever, Southern Tick-Associated Rash Illness, Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever, Tularemia, Anaplasmosis, Colorado tick fever, Powassan encephalitis, Q fever and so forth.
In summary, Bill No.177 acknowledges and recognizes the need to treat persistent or chronic Lyme infection and related complications and coinfections. It also reinforces the right of physicians to make a clinical diagnosis independent of the CDC's preference for the 1995 two-tiered tests developed for disease surveillance. [xii]
CDC Lyme Corps activities have also been confirmed in Maryland and Virginia. As in Vermont and Pennsylvania, Lyme Corps has disseminated the message that the 1995 two-tiered test designed for surveillance purposes – a test that is 50% inaccurate [xiii] – is needed to validate a clinical diagnosis by a health practitioner.
Both Maryland and Virginia have passed laws whereby any patient who has this outdated two-tiered test must be informed by their practitioner that 'a negative test does not mean they do not have Lyme.' The Lyme Corps message insisting on the validity of the two-tiered test undermines the purpose of these laws and endangers the public.
False negative test results often lead to delayed diagnosis and full systemic complications. These complications may include serious heart, nervous system and immune impairments, organ dysfunction, life-altering damage and death. Officials in many states have engaged with Lyme patients who have suffered devastating health, social and financial consequences from false-negative Lyme test results.
According to the CDC, "Lyme Corps is…dedicated to developing a talented, committed team of students and residents who provide Lyme disease education and outreach to both health care providers and the public…Lyme Corps is community-based… members facilitate Lyme disease education in …schools, and community events (farmers' markets, trail runs, etc.)." [xiv] However, the CDC trains its Lyme Corps members to champion federally noncompliant IDSA Lyme Guidelines. Such members, regardless of talent and commitment, will fail to provide their communities relevant Lyme disease education.
There are other CDC activities that threaten Lyme patients' legal protections. For example, the CDC Lyme website recently posted an advance publication of the Medscape Volume 22, Number 7—July 2016 Continuing Medical Education (CME) Activity, Current Guidelines, Common Clinical Pitfalls, and Future Directions for Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Disease, United States. Four of the article's five authors are CDC's DVBD staff and one of them is Lyme Corps' C. Nelson. Like Lyme Corps, and the CDC/IDSA Lyme Guidelines themselves, the information provided in this CME activity appears to be limited to outdated information.
Therefore, this CME also subverts the Lyme protections detailed in nearly 1/3 of the country. There are additional legal conflicts surrounding the Lyme CME. For example, any state official or health practitioner would be well within their rights to refuse to participate in this CME on the grounds the content contradicts their state protections for Lyme patients and practitioners.
Such state officials and health practitioners should be exempt from this requirement without repercussions to their professional standing or promotions. In almost 1/3 of the country, there are an array of similar legal concerns regarding the adoption of most of the Lyme material currently being disseminated by the CDC.
As previously noted, the CDC Lyme policy and all its programs give singular preference to the noncompliant IDSA Lyme Guidelines. There are four IDSA members – intimately involved with 2006 and pending IDSA Lyme guidelines – who also generate income by acting as expert witnesses on behalf of health insurance companies to deny patients non IDSA treatment protocols and they assist members of medical boards affiliated with the IDSA to sanction doctors who treat patients for chronic Lyme and Lyme with coinfections. [xv]
The IDSA has also taken numerous actions against Lyme patients' and practitioners' protections. One such IDSA website post State-Level Lyme Disease Advocacy Efforts openly admits to undermining Lyme patient rights in: California, Connecticut, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, West Virginia and Wisconsin. [xvi] Another such IDSA web announcement is the IDSA's Lyme Disease Advocacy Efforts. [xvii] The 'anti-protections' advocacy letters are detailed.
IDSA Opposes State Mandates on Doctor-Patient Communications [xviii]
03/13/2013 – IDSA objects to a Virginia law that requires physicians to provide patients with a written notice explaining the uncertainty of test results for Lyme disease. The Society supports better diagnostics and public education, but the specific communication mandated in the law doesn't take into account ongoing scientific advances.
IDSA Opposes State Bill That Would Limit Medical Board's Authority [xix]
04/05/2011 – IDSA has urged lawmakers not to support bills that would restrict the State Board of Medicine from disciplining physicians who prescribe dangerous therapy for Lyme disease.
IDSA Sends Letter Opposing H.R. 1179 [xx]
06/25/2009 – In a letter on the proposed Lyme and Tick-Borne Disease Prevention, Education, and Research Act, IDSA raised concerns about patients being improperly diagnosed with "chronic" Lyme disease and receiving dangerous treatments.
IDSA Letter to the NGA and NCSL Regarding Problematic Lyme Disease Legislation [xxi]
08/07/2007 – IDSA sent a letter to the National Governors Association and National Conference of State Legislatures opposing the prolonged usage of antibiotics in the treatment of "chronic" Lyme disease as well as urging the inclusion of board-certified infectious disease physicians in public hearings on Lyme disease.
As noted, Lyme Corps and other CDC Lyme programs wrongfully subvert state laws that protect Lyme patients and their practitioners. Such programs are the direct responsibility of certain CDC officials. These CDC officials are disregarding a number of federal laws in order to promote the CDC Lyme policy and programs. These violations include the following: [xxii] [xxiii] [xxiv] [xxv] [xxvi] [xxvii]
A breach of public trust by the CDC Directors responsible for protecting the public health and welfare against Lyme epidemic – all these CDC officials are members of IDSA and there are no non-IDSA members among the Directors responsible for CDC's Lyme policy and programs. [xxviii]
This group of CDC officials show continuous and singular "preferential treatment" for the 'Lyme product' of a private medical society, the IDSA. The product is the IDSA Lyme Guidelines; these Guidelines have failed federal criteria for evidence-based medicine.
The promotion of these federally noncompliant IDSA Guidelines make waste of tax dollars and misinform the public. Such actions run contrary to protecting the health and welfare of the public against the Lyme epidemic and they show a strong a lack of "honest effort in the performance of their duties."
These same officials (employees) show a clear pattern of discrimination against patients handicapped by persistent Lyme infection and Lyme and coinfections and in this regard "do not adhere to all laws and regulations that provide equal opportunity for all Americans regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap." The term equal opportunity includes equal access to federally sanctioned Lyme treatments. Furthermore, they have created, enforced and/or implemented a series of policies and programs that actively restrict treatment options for Lyme patients and dismiss and trivialize their pain and suffering.
Through Lyme Corps and other activities, and in close partnership with the IDSA, these CDC officials have "misused their own time, misused the time of state officials and subordinates and misused government property" to advance programs and policies that misinform and endanger the public and discriminate against Lyme patients and practitioners who treat Lyme patients.
These behaviors are being undertaken by handful of CDC officials. However, these actions are affecting Lyme patients nationwide. Furthermore, there are now chronic Lyme patients among the government officials found in state and federal agencies. There are now presidential advisers who have chronic Lyme, members of Congress and the Senate who have Lyme and staffers suffering from chronic Lyme. According to one staffer living in Virginia, a recent poll showed Lyme disease to be the number one concern of residences in Northern Virginia.[xxix] Such residents are not concerned about the CDC's version of Lyme, a simple nuisance illness that is hard-to-contract-and-easy-to-diagnose-and-cure; they are concerned about the complex life-altering illness that is disabling and bankrupting their friends, neighbors and family members.
Residents of Northern Virginia, like many residents in Virginia, Maryland, Vermont, Massachusetts, Ohio, New Jersey, Rhode Island, Pennsylvania, New York, New Hampshire, Minnesota, Maine, Delaware, Connecticut and California have not sat idly by waiting for the federal government to address the Lyme epidemic and take care of Lyme patients. These states' legislators and citizens have passed laws to take care of this marginalized and vulnerable patient group.
Regrettably, the CDC is making history by undermining state laws that protect Lyme patients, many of whom are debilitated, disabled and financially ruined from illness. CDC discrimination against Lyme patients is resulting in such patients being denied access to federally sanctioned treatments. On July 4th 2016, the rule of law does not appear to apply to CDC Lyme policy and programs.
Bio – Jenna Luché-Thayer's expertise includes government transparency and accountability and the integration of marginalized groups. Luché-Thayer is informed by three decades of professional policy and grassroots experience in 40 countries. She has extensive experience in congressional relations, testimony and legislation. She has worked with governments, the United Nations, nonprofits and the corporate world and has over 65 sponsored publications. Luché-Thayer received the International Woman's Day Award for Exemplary Dedication and Contributions to Improving the Political and Legal Status of Women (US government) and built the Highest Ranking Technical Area in Accomplishment, Innovation & Comparative Advantage for United Nations Capital Development Fund.
[i] Sources include Lyme Disease Association and Lyme Disease Organization – two nonprofit organizations that advocate for improved testing, treatments and Lyme awareness.
[ii] This information has been gathered from interviews and the sources will not be disclosed.
[iii] https://www.lymedisease.org/get-involved/take-action/lyme-awareness-month/
[iv] There is federal and state controversy over medical marijuana – medical marijuana is used by many different patients groups to reduce nausea and pain.
[v] https://nphic.confex.com/cdc/nphic14/webprogram/Paper35413.html
[vi] IOM is now the Health and Medicine Divisions (HMD)
[vii] http://www.providencejournal.com/article/20140712/NEWS/307129986
[viii] https://medcenterblog.uvmhealth.org/family-health/the-ticks-are-out-get-the-facts-about-lyme-disease-in-vermont/
[ix] https://www.aap.org/en-us/Documents/coms_newsletter_winter_2016.pdf
[x] https://nphic.confex.com/cdc/nphic14/webprogram/Paper35413.html
[xi] http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/local/healthscience/69957-new-pennsylvania-lyme-disease-law-focuses-on-education-lacks-mandatory-tick-registry
[xii] The Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) is the organization responsible for providing CDC with disease surveillance guidance. In 2011, CSTE redefined the surveillance case definition for Lyme disease. They stated that the two-tiered test is to be used only for surveillance purposes and not for diagnosis. https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/lyme-disease/case-definition/2011/
[xiii] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2078675/
[xiv] http://www.cdc.gov/lyme/faq/index.html
[xv] See under Disclosures in article Unorthodox Alternative Therapies Marketed to Treat Lyme Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4490322/
[xvi] http://www.idsociety.org/State_Lyme_Policy.aspx
[xvii] http://www.idsociety.org/Lyme_Policy/
[xviii]http://www.idsociety.org/uploadedFiles/IDSA/Topics_of_Interest/Lyme_Disease/Policy_Documents
/VA_LabTestingBill_2013.pdf
[xix]http://www.idsociety.org/uploadedFiles/IDSA/Topics_of_Interest/Lyme_Disease/Policy_Documents
/Lyme%20disease_Legislative_Letter_NH_Bradley_%204-05-2011.pdf
[xx]http://www.idsociety.org/uploadedFiles/IDSA/Topics_of_Interest/Lyme_Disease/Policy_
Documents/IDSA%20HR%201179%20Letter%20to%20US%20House%20of%20Representatives%20062509.pdf
[xxi]http://www.idsociety.org/uploadedFiles/IDSA/Topics_of_Interest/Lyme_Disease/Policy_Documents/
IDSA%20Letters%20to%20NGA%20and%20NCSL%20Regarding%20Problematic%20Lyme%20Disease%20Legislation%20080707.pdf
[xxii]https://www.oge.gov/Web/oge.nsf/Resources/Standards+of+Ethical+Conduct+for+Employees+of+
the+Executive+Branch
[xxiii] PART 2635 – STANDARDS OF ETHICAL CONDUCT FOR EMPLOYEES OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH SUBPART A – GENERAL PROVISIONS § 2635.101 Basic obligation of public service.
[xxiv] Reference : 5 C.F.R. Part 2635 As amended at 76 FR 38547 (July 1, 2011) – Page 55 SUBPART G – MISUSE OF POSITION § 2635.701
[xxv] Page 57 (d) Performance of official duties affecting a private interest.
[xxvi] Page 59 § 2635.704 Use of Government property.
[xxvii] Page 60 § 2635.705 Use of official time. (b) Use of a subordinate's time.
[xxviii] This is the chain of command: DVBD L. Petersen reports to B. Bell à National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases Director B. Bell reports to R. Khabbaz à Infectious Diseases Director R. Khabbaz reports to CDC Director. Furthermore, C. Nelson, the DVBD official responsible for implementation of Lyme Corps joined the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) in 2014. In 2015, the AAP was selected as one of the key IDSA collaborators to develop the new Lyme Guidelines.
[xxix] Information provided during May 2016 meeting by staffer representing member on the Science Subcommittee on Oversight
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Q: NextJS and next-routes not routing as I would expect I've created a routes.js file that is as follows:
const nextRoutes = require('next-routes');
const routes = module.exports = nextRoutes();

routes.add
    ('presenterallcurrent', '/presenter/:ccyear','speaker');
routes.add
    ('speakersessiondetail', '/presenter/:ccyear/:slugSpeaker','speakerdetail');

I am expecting that when I browse to:
/presenter/2018/douglas-crockford-1124

I will be taken to my /pages/speakerdetail.js file with query.ccyear and query.slugSpeaker populated to 2018 and douglas-crockford-1124
I am expecting that when I browse to
/presenter/2018

I will be taken to /pages/speaker.js with query.ccyear set to 2018
The second case works as I expect (/presenter/2018) does take me to /pages/speaker.js, but (/presenter/2018/douglas-crockford-1124 gives me a 404.
What am I not understanding and why does this not work?
In my /pages/speaker and /pages/speakerdetail:
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A: For optional parameters in your route, add a trailing ? and adjust speaker.js to render either the year view or detail view based on whether the query.slugSpeaker is undefined.
routes.add
    ('speaker', '/presenter/:ccyear/:slugSpeaker?');

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A portion of the boundary between Nepean and Ottawa, as it appeared in 1965. Image: Detail from National Capital Commission, Map of Ottawa of Environs, 1965.
Continuing from yesterday's introduction, today I offer up the second chapter of Jones' Final Report and Recommendations. In this chapter, Jones and Research Director Donald Paterson offer up a brief statistical snapshot of the Study area and an analysis of the fifty-six submissions received during the hearings.
Interestingly, one of the submissions received recommended the creation of a federal capital territory and one recommended that the Study area be made into an eleventh province. Perhaps as an indicator of the low-level of satisfaction for how things had been going in the postwar era, only 8/56 submissions favoured no change to governance in the region at all.
Second City, Second Metro: So What Exactly Was The Problem? The Solution?


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The latest milestone in open source development at Bloomberg is the incorporation of the Learning-to-Rank (LTR) plug-in into Apache Solr 6.4.0, which shipped this week. The release of the plug-in marks the culmination of a year's worth of close collaboration between two groups of Bloomberg software engineers in New York and London and the open source project's community to make it easier to re-rank search results using machine learning.
Apache Solr is an open source enterprise search platform built on top of the Apache Lucene search engine library. Solr powers search for companies and websites worldwide, and it is one of several open source projects to which Bloomberg engineers contribute as part of the company's ongoing effort to actively participate in the open source community.
Development of the Solr Learning-to-Rank plug-in was jointly led by Michael Nilsson and Joshua Pantony from the Unified Search team in New York and Diego Ceccarelli from the News Search team in London. Individual code contributors included New York-based Jon Dorando, Naveen Santhapuri and David Grohmann from Bloomberg, and, from outside Bloomberg, London-based Alessandro Benedetti (Benedetti and Ceccarelli had initially met since they were both Italian and working on Solr in London).


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text:
Q: How can I change the white space between spans when adding them programmatically? Working on this text alignment project in D3.js, HTML/CSS, and Javascript. I am projecting all the words (actually tokens, including punctuation) in a text and its translation as spans. But the problem is that programmatically adding spans adds white space between them, and I need to be able to get rid of white space before punctuation. And yes, I have to add the spans programmatically because there are too many to write up in the HTML by hand. How can I add a bunch of spans and change the white space between them?
There is a span for the sentence and then a span with a mark for every token in the sentence. I add them like this (no CSS to note):
        data.tgtSentsInOrder.text.forEach(function (sent, i) {
            tgtdiv
                .append('span')
                .attr('id', 'tgtsent' + i)
                .attr('class', 'sentence chosen')

            var tokens = data.tgtSentsInOrder.tokens[i]

            tokens.forEach(function (t) {
                tgtcharcount += t.text.length
            })

            d3.select('#tgtsent' + i)
                .selectAll('span')
                .data(tokens)
                .enter()
                .append('span')
                .attr('id', function (d, j) { return ('tgtsent' + i + 'span' + j) })
                .attr('class', 'token')
                .append('mark')
                .attr('id', function (d, j) { return ('tgtsent' + i + 'token' + j) })
                .html(function (d, j) {
                    return d.text + ' '
                })
                .style('background-color', 'white')
        })

Any other design criticisms are welcome, thank you!

A: Have you tried setting your <spans> as display: inline-block? Usually this remove the white space generated by inline elements.
span {
  display: inline-block;
}


text:
"One Thing" är den tredje singeln från det brittiska-irländska pojkbandet One Direction. Den släpptes den 13 januari 2012 som den tredje singeln från deras debutalbum Up All Night. Låten är skriven av Rami Yacoub, Carl Falk och Savan Kotecha.

Listplaceringar

Referenser

Externa länkar
One Thing på YouTube

Musiksinglar 2012
Engelskspråkiga sånger
Sånger av One Direction

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We're celebrating IEM Katowice by offering fans the chance to show off their CSGO knowledge to be in with a shot of winning a M4A1-S | Decimator (Factory New) skin.
You will be able to win at every stage of the Major - stay tuned for more chances to win.
Who will make it to the Champions stage?
To take part in the first giveaway choose the eight teams that will make it to the Champions Stage of the Major and retweet this tweet on Twitter or like and tag a friend in this post on Facebook. You will also need to be following @Luckbox and liking Luckbox on Facebook so we can get in touch if you win.
You get three points for each team you correctly predict to make it through. Contest will close on February 20th at 11:59 GMT when the Legends stage starts.
At the end of the New Legends stage on February 24th, the 10 best predictors will be drawn at random to win the M4A1-S.
For more chances to predict and in, play our regular Luckbox Weekly Championship in our Discord server. You will need to guess the correct scores this time to outsmart our seasoned CSGO Discord community.
Throughout IEM Katowice 2019, you can use our match streams, schedule and results pages to stay close to the action. Do not miss a piece of it on the go by dowloading the Android and iOS Luckbox News App as well.


text:
package connectors

import javax.inject.{Inject, Singleton}

import config.ProxiedWSHttp
import play.api.libs.json.Json
import play.api.{Environment, Logger, Mode}
import uk.gov.hmrc.http.HeaderCarrier
import uk.gov.hmrc.time.workingdays.{BankHoliday, BankHolidaySet}

import scala.concurrent.ExecutionContext.Implicits.global
import scala.concurrent.Future

@Singleton
class BankHolidaysConnector @Inject()(environment: Environment, http: ProxiedWSHttp) {

  import BankHolidaysConnector._

  val division = "england-and-wales"

  val uri = if (environment.mode == Mode.Test) "http://localhost:11111/bank-holidays.json" else "https://www.gov.uk/bank-holidays.json"

  implicit val bankHolidayReads = Json.reads[BankHoliday]
  implicit val bankHolidaySetReads = Json.reads[BankHolidaySet]

  def bankHolidaysForEnglandAndWales()(implicit headerCarrier: HeaderCarrier): Future[BankHolidaySet] = {
    Logger.debug(s"Loading Bank Holidays from $uri ...")
    http.GET[BankHolidaySets](uri) map { bankHolidaySets: BankHolidaySets =>
      bankHolidaySets(division)
    }
  }
}

object BankHolidaysConnector {
  type BankHolidaySets = Map[String,BankHolidaySet]
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The United Party for National Development, UPND, has joined Patriotic Front President, Michael Sata, in calling for President Rupiah Banda to call for an early election next year.
UPND Secretary General, Winstone Chibwe, told QFM in an interview this morning that even if the UPND was not consulted by the PF leader to call on President Banda to call for an early election, the UPND has always been ready for a tripartite election as well.
Mr. Chibwe says the fact that the UPND has been participating in every by-election is a clear indication that the party is always ready for an election at any given time.
He says it for this reason that the party is in the business of politics to form government.
Patriotic Front President, Michael Sata, said in Kitwe over the weekend that President Rupiah Banda should call for an early election next year because the PF is ready to go to the polls.
Meanwhile, Mr. Chibwe has welcomed October 28 as the date set for the Mpulungu by-election.
The Electoral Commission of Zambia yesterday announced October 28 as the polling day for the Mpulungu parliamentary seat which fell vacant following the death of MMD parliamentarian, Lameck Chibombamilimo.
Mr. chibwe says the UPND finds no problem with the set date because it is timely, and that the election will be held before the rainy season.
He says the party stands ready to see how events will progress from now up to that polling day because the date is within the confinements of the law.


So here's a teaser, of sorts.
While I was attending the Weatherhead School of Management at Case Western Reserve University my classmates and I would talk and meet often. We'd discuss projects, meet after class to review assignments and get together for lunches during the work week. Heck, we even found times on the weekends to get together. If we weren't discussing group projects, professors, family, or work we were discussing our careers and next steps.
Many of my classmates were like me, trying to get involved in everything – networking events, having coffee with undergrad students (aka Coffee Connections), on campus seminars and talks, where ever we could be we went. We'd share notes, ideas, books and articles. We couldn't get enough of each other's insights, ideas, and help.
When entering the MBA program I envisioned coming out of the program poised for growth within my current employer. I didn't much think about leaving corporate life for the uncertainty of opening my own business, but that's what eventually happened. For most of my life, well since 7th grade, I did ponder owning a business and working for myself, but never thought it would happen. In 9th grade I was in an intro to business class and created a "business plan" of sorts for a marina on Lake Erie. Having my own business, while a dream, was never something I seriously pondered until the end of my MBA coursework.
When my classmates heard of my ideas to explore non-corporate life it was suggested that I start a blog to capture the journey. It would highlight the progress, share the challenges and perhaps help others that may consider a similar path. I thought it was a great idea, but never did it. Now looking back I wish I would have shared what I learned along the way. I suppose it's never too late to start, right.
I am calling this The Journey. It really has been a journey. I've created maps (also known as business plans, outlines, whiteboard notes, and filled binders with ideas) and I've had guides along the way (think of these as friends, mentors, coaches, trusted advisers, and family). There's been road blocks and set backs. There's been successes and accomplishments.
I plan to post with some regularity – at least once per month. I am not an expert on any of the topics I'll cover nor am I suggesting that the way I did it was the best way, but perhaps sharing The Journey I took will help you on yours.


text:
Five Reasons Why Not Filing an Income Tax Return is a Bad Idea
Tax Blog Post
As Benjamin Franklin once wrote, "In this world nothing can be said to be certain, except death and taxes." With the 2018 income tax return filing deadline of April 15, 2019 looming, many taxpayers dread having to prepare their income tax return and fear owing money to the IRS. The failure to file a tax return is a serious problem that can come back to haunt you. Whether you owe money to the federal government or you are entitled to a refund of taxes you paid, there are consequences for failing to file an income tax return.
You could be liable for penalties.
Late filing penalties. If you file more than 60 days after the due date of the return, the penalty can be up to a maximum of 25 percent of the unpaid tax.
Late payment penalties. Filing an extension to file your return does not extend the due date for the payment of taxes. Late payment penalties accrue at a rate of 0.5 percent of the unpaid taxes per month, up to a maximum of 25 percent of the unpaid tax.
Fraudulent failure to file penalties. If the failure to file your return is determined to be fraudulent, the penalties for late filing of that return can be increased under IRC 6651(f) and the penalty can be up to a maximum of 75 percent of the unpaid tax.
You could be charged with a crime.
Failing to file a tax return can be classified as a federal crime punishable as a misdemeanor or a felony. Willful failure to file a tax return is a misdemeanor pursuant to IRC 7203. In cases where an overt act of evasion occurred, willful failure to file may be elevated to a felony under IRC 7201. If you are charged with a criminal tax violation, the punishment can be severe and may include fines and jail time.
The statute of limitations on assessment and collection does not start to run until a return is filed.
Generally, the IRS has three years from the filing of a return to audit a tax return and propose an assessment. Once assessed, the IRS generally has 10 years from the date of that assessment to collect on an outstanding tax bill. While these periods can be extended under certain circumstances, neither of these periods of limitation start to run until a return is filed by you or on your behalf by the IRS. Consequently, the IRS can assess and collect on the tax many years later.
The IRS can prepare a tax return for you.
Every year, the IRS receives income information reported to it from third parties using various forms, including Forms W-2 and Forms 1099. The IRS can use this information to prepare a tax return for you, and you could lose out on exemptions, deductions and credits to which you might otherwise be entitled.
You could lose your entitlement to a refund.
If you are entitled to a refund, you are generally not penalized for filing late. However, you only have three years from the due date of the return to file the return and claim your refund. After that three year period, any unclaimed refund is automatically turned over to the government. Further, if your late filed return is subsequently audited resulting in an underpayment of tax, the late filing and late payment penalties will be applied.
If you have unfiled tax returns and it is likely that you owe money to the government, you should speak with an experienced tax attorney before filing those returns. Keep in mind, accountants, enrolled agents and tax return preparers do not have attorney/client privilege; to protect both you and your accountant, it is best to speak with an attorney first.
While the above consequences seem daunting, an experienced tax attorney can help you avoid the worry and stress associated with unfiled returns. Attorney Angelique Neal has the knowledge and experience to provide effective resolutions for tax problems for clients throughout Southeastern Michigan, including Oakland, Wayne, Livingston, Washtenaw and Macomb counties. Contact Angelique at 248/567-7831 or amneal@varnumlaw.com for assistance.
December 2019 Tax Act Provides Relief To Tax-Exempt Organizations: Repeals Church Parking Tax
Tax Advisory, January 9, 2020
Is Your Passport Subject to Revocation Because of Tax Debt?
Tax Insights, August 12, 2019
Cryptocurrency: Did You Get a Letter from the IRS?
Tax Advisory, July 29, 2019
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Tax Planning, Compliance and Litigation
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put their bright ideas to work.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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Global leaders gather in Pittsburgh this week to discuss the rise in extremist hate, find solutions
90.5 WESA | By Kiley Koscinski
Katie Blackley
Pittsburgh will host global leaders this week at a summit that seeks to find a bipartisan response to the rise in extremist hate, nearly three years after a gunman killed 11 worshippers at the Tree of Life synagogue.
The first annual Eradicate Hate Summit will feature speeches from former President George W. Bush; Homeland Security Secretary Alejandro Mayorkas; Anti-Defamation League CEO Jonathan Greenblatt; and Alice Wairimu Nderitu, the United Nations special advisor on the prevention of genocide.
"I want this city to be remembered for how it responded to hate — not how it was victimized by hate," Laura Ellsworth, Jones Day partner and summit co-chair, told WESA's The Confluence. "Hate is a multi-faceted, multi-discipline problem, and it is one whose solution resides in every single one of us."
The three-day summit will include conversations about how to stop the spread of extremism and prevent hate crimes. Panels will discuss the unique roles of technology, social media, cryptocurrency, gender and the pandemic in the rise of extremist hate.
Sessions will also focus on how to ensure justice for victims of hate and create new policies that prevent extremism from spreading.
The summit features a range of experts from anti-terrorism to law; religious and academic leaders; and intelligence and technology experts. Members of Pittsburgh's Jewish community, including members of the Tree of Life Synagogue, will also speak.
But some Pittsburgh community groups are not impressed with the summit's guest list of speakers. Bend the Arc Jewish Action: Pittsburgh — a progressive Jewish social justice group — and the Latino advocacy group Casa San Jose released a joint statement Friday condemning the inclusion of Bush, Mayorkas and former Homeland Security Secretary and Pennsylvania Gov. Tom Ridge.
"It is gratifying that President Bush, Secretary Mayorkas and Mr. Ridge wish to lend their stature to the cause of eradicating hate… However, the legacy of their work stands in stark contrast to lofty goals of the summit itself," the statement reads.
The groups criticized Bush's response to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and related the administration's deportation policies to anti-immigrant sentiment.
"The Bush administration and DHS exploited anti-Islamic fervor to justify an aggressive expansion of domestic surveillance, harassment, and entrapment of Americans who practice Islam, have Arab or Middle Eastern heritage, or fit a stereotype of these cultures," the groups said.
Bend the Arc and Casa San Jose acknowledged the participation of Bush, Mayorkas and Ridge raises the summit's profile and could increase the attention given to other speakers, but they said they feel the legacy of the Bush administration must be noted.
"We need to acknowledge that elevating the voices of Bush, Ridge, and Mayorkas in a conference against hate instead whitewashes their roles in racially-based human rights abuses," the statement reads, calling for organizers to call out the role of government in extremism.
Seamus Hughes, summit speaker and deputy director of the extremism program at George Washington University, spoke with WESA's The Confluence before those community groups voiced their opposition. But he said disagreement is to be expected during the discussions, and the point is to find common ground on which to move forward.
"The goal is really: What's the solution? Where are the common grounds? We're not going to solve all of the world's problems in a [three-day] conference, but we're going to try," he said.
Seamus acknowledged that the goal of the summit is a big one, but he argues the work must begin somewhere.
"It's understandable that people want to take a step back after a mass casualty event," he said. "But very few want to take the next step to try to prevent the next one."
According to Ellsworth, the summit will be an annual event with an aim to produce new laws and policies to prevent the spread of hate and ensure justice for those who are victimized by it.
"Nothing is insurmountable," she said of the summit's lofty goals. "[If] we save one family, two families, three families, it will all have been worth it."
The summit begins at 8 a.m. Monday at the David L. Lawrence Convention Center. The public can register to attend here. Some sessions will be livestreamed.
Identity & Community Eradicate Hate SummitTree of Life SynagogueTree of LifeextremismHate Crimes
Kiley Koscinski
Kiley Koscinski covers city government, policy and how Pittsburghers engage with city services. She also works as a fill-in host for All Things Considered. Kiley has previously served as a producer on The Confluence and Morning Edition.
See stories by Kiley Koscinski
Have a tip for the WESA newsroom? Email news@wesa.fm.
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Teens who spend time in Downtown Pittsburgh say they need a welcoming neighborhood, more safe spaces
Business owners in Pittsburgh's Downtown say teenagers are increasingly disruptive and causing safety issues. Students say they want a place in the neighborhood — and have their own safety concerns.
Central Bucks school board has ties to a Christian nationalist group
Emily Rizzo | WHYY
The Central Bucks school board has ties to a Christian nationalist group and is considering removing 4 LGBTQ books from its libraries.
Lower Hill music venue, parking garage gets the Planning Commission's seal of approval
Jillian Forstadt
Chris Buccini, president of the real estate development firm Buccini Pollin Group, said its plans for the parcel represent a $110 million investment into the Hill District.
Pittsburgh Community Broadcasting


text:
Neomonoceratina koenigswaldi is een mosselkreeftjessoort uit de familie van de Schizocytheridae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1954 door Key.

Schizocytheridae


text:
Home / News / Player Of The Year Award, Messi Wins Overtakes Cristiano Ronaldo
Player Of The Year Award, Messi Wins Overtakes Cristiano Ronaldo
6 days ago News, Sports Leave a comment
Lionel Messi has overtaken Cristiano Ronaldo after the Argentina international was named World Soccer Player of the Year.
Messi has claimed the individual gong six times to Ronaldo's five.
The Argentine enjoyed a remarkable 2022, winning the FIFA World Cup for the first time with his country.
He scored seven goals at the tournament and was named the best player of the World Cup. He also produced three assists in seven games.
Messi won the Ligue 1 title and has also scored 13 goals and 14 assists in 21 appearances this season.
World Soccer's Jamie Evans explained the decision to name the former Barcelona ace as the magazine's Player of the Year ahead of Real Madrid's Karim Benzema.
The World Cup remains the pinnacle of the sport, where legends are written and legacies are defined," he said.
"Messi's name will, hereafter, be forever associated with the year 2022 – just as Pele is with 1970, Maradona with 1986 and Zinedine Zidane with 1998."
Messi 2023-01-24
Tags Messi
Previous Stakeholders Urge FG To Amend NDDC Act
Next Court Reinstates Unlawfully Dismissed Immigration Officer
NEW Chelsea signing Malo Gusto has been speaking about why he joined the Blues. The …


MOLAA's permanent collection is constantly growing. While we can't always have our entire collection out on view we still want to share with you some of the different pieces of art you can expect to see here.
stainless steel and aluminum, 28 3/4 x 39 1/4 x 16 1/2 in.
23 3/4 x 47 3/8 x 2 1/2 in.
chromograph on paper mounted on aluminum, ed. 2/8, 70 7/8 x 31 1/2 in.
color photo on paper, ed. 1/3, 30 1/2 x 46 in.
oil and acrylic on canvas, 62 3/4 x 92 1/2 in.
Manchuria: Peripheral Vision—A Felipe Ehrenberg Retrospective on view beginning on May 23 and running through August 15, is an exhibition of multimedia works created by Felipe Ehrenberg, one of Mexico's most influential conceptual artists. The 50 year survey of 200 works curated by Fernando Llanos explores Ehrenberg's contribution to a postmodern aesthetic of conceptual, performance, installation and video art from the 1960s to the present.
Felipe Ehrenberg (Mexico, b. 1943) studied printmaking and was taught by Mexican masters, Jose Chavez Morado and Mathias Goertiz. However, he is best recognized for his involvement with the Fluxus movement, an international network of artists acknowledged as proponents of conceptual and performance art. In London, he and British artist David Mayor, founded the independent, artists' press, Beau Geste Press (1971-1974). During that time Ehrenberg also became famous for his performance piece, A Date with Fate at the Tate, the first conceptual work (an audio recording documentation) to be represented in the Tate Modern collection.
In the mid-1970s, Ehrenberg returned to Mexico and formed several local artists groups. The most significant of these was Grupo Proceso Pentágono whose artists are recognized as the pioneers of Mexican conceptual art. By incorporating social initiatives with his artistic concerns, Ehrenberg formed an artist group of teachers who aided local communities to use mural art as a public voice. Gaining attention in the United States, he earned a Guggenheim Fellowship (1976), and a Fulbright Lecture Award (1988) and he was an artist-in-residence at Nexus Press, Atlanta, Georgia (1990). He was invited to create several installation works, at the University of Austin, Texas (1990), for the San Diego/Tijuana border initiative, InSite'94 and InSite'97, and for Configura-2 in Germany (1995). These works were all charged with social, cultural and political issues about the laborer, indigenous traditions and multiculturalism. Ehrenberg's 1995 installation Tzompantli, a Mesoamerican skull rack of 15th century wooded beams and human craniums was the first work of installation art acquired by the Museo de Arte Moderno, Mexico City.


text:
2021 BMW M4 CSL
Photo credits: motor1
BMW plans to launch the M4 CSL, which will be designed primarily for the track. When the latest generation of the M4 (code G82) was introduced in 2020, the big kidney grilles in particular sparked much debate. Of course, they will also be available in the CSL (coupe, sports and lightweight) modification – but with a slightly different design. We also expect a new light signature and a new front bumper with a large splitter. There will be a new spoiler at the rear, as well as another bumper, in which two centrally located exhaust pipes will be integrated. A lot of carbon will be used to reduce weight, and lighter wheels will play a role in that. Serial carbon brakes will be installed behind them.
Power at least 550 hp
Of course, there will be more than exciting changes to the body. And since the M4 Competition has 510 hp, the 3.0-liter in-line "six" in the most powerful M4 will probably generate no less than 550 "horses." In order to reduce the weight, the drive will probably be rear wheel only. The start of sales should be given in 2022.
The BMW M4 CSL edition, another car for the petrol heads which is also designed for the track. We, at Auto Trendy, believe that this might be the reason for the car to be with an internal combustion engine under the hood. What is more, building cars with fossil fuel engines for the track might be another trend to procrastinate the introduction of electric drivelines in the sports car sector. We must wait and see, and you should stay tuned!


I'm a young, free-spirited entertainer with a big heart. Always seeking balance in life and positive new experiences are a must. I'm a lover of dancing and the universal human connection made through music. Trained in classical percussion and a student of philosophy I am a bit of an intellectual as well.


A few years ago, I found myself in a state of total overwhelm. My head was in chaos. I couldn't sleep or really eat. I couldn't pretend to be my normal self with friends so I avoided company. I was shaking, exhausted and low. I was looking into the future and all I saw were bleak, desolate choices which had nothing to do with the life I desired. I was looking at the past and seeing how things were not at all as I had thought they were. I felt I was living on quicksand. Everything – past, present and future – seemed jumbled, awful and desperate.
A few people in my practice recently have talked about feeling absolutely overwhelmed. Sometimes, something has happened, an event that seems to have pulled the rug out from underneath their life. Or sometimes nothing has happened and they have gradually become more and more stuck or confused or tired. Everything seems so hopeless. It is impossible to believe that there is a way out.
There were many moments when I felt like that, when it was absolutely beyond me to think that things could be different. There didn't seem to be any options or possibility.
All I really knew to do during these moments was to keep breathing. So I kept breathing. Sometimes my head cleared enough to notice that I could breathe. At other times my thoughts were so whirling and painful that all I could do was live in the full confusion.
Breathe. I knew to do it.
It was one small breadcrumb on the tangled ground of an immense, chaotic forest. All around it were weeds and thorns but there it was, one single breadcrumb. I knew to breathe. That was it. It wasn't much but it was enough. I knew to do it. I knew how to do it. It was obvious and clear and it made sense. It was all I had.
And I stayed with the breathing. And in staying with the breathing, I could see the next breadcrumb. In staying with what I knew to do, I had put myself on a path and on the path was another breadcrumb. I picked it up. As I picked it up, I knew that the crying I was already doing made sense. I didn't try to stop it. So I cried. it made sense to cry.
And because I was doing something that made sense to do, I could see the next breadcrumb.
I picked it up and I knew to speak to someone I trusted. It was a terribly hard conversation to have but I knew to do it. It was just one breadcrumb, one small thing.
I did that small thing that made sense right then and that opened the path a bit wider. The next breadcrumb became slightly more obvious. Then there was another. Then another. And gradually by following these breadcrumbs I emerged from the chaos.
And this is all we can ever do when our head is so full and our reality is upside down and our mind is numb or racing. Look for the first breadcrumb. It will be there and it will be there just for you. What makes sense for anyone else is irrelevant. There will be something there that is just for you.
It might be an action to take. Perhaps just to notice the wisdom that is already keeping you alive like breathing or eating or drinking.
It might be to continue doing what you are doing right now – crying, shouting, raging, sitting.
Or it might be a non-action action like resting or stopping work or no more crying or shouting or doing nothing or not seeing anyone.
Or it might be to stand up or sit down or open a window or go outside.
It might take you in the direction of a connection. Perhaps a connection to yourself and something you know to be true.
Or it might suggest a connection to another person or an animal or to a place or a book or a poem or a piece of music or water.
It won't promise anything. It will never say 'do this and everything will be sorted out.' Because this is about your expansion and growth and your realisation of who you are. What you can see in this moment, however useful it is right now, will not apply as you rise up the mountain. It will simply say 'This makes sense right now'.
And in this action or non action, connection to self or other that makes sense right now we open up a space. We shift our view by a fraction of a degree so that what we are looking at now isn't quite the same as it was, there is something slightly different. And breadcrumb by breadcrumb, fraction of a degree by fraction of a degree we move forwards towards the clearing.
There are more of us than we could ever imagine, seemingly stuck in chaos or trapped in numb confusion. However hopeless it seems though, there will always be one breadcrumb, one small thing that we know to do. One tiny crumb in a world of whatever turmoil or disillusion we are experiencing.
It is not much but it is always enough. It is always there. And there will always be another.
This is the Breadcrumb Club. It is a good place to be.


text:
Esther Shiner Stadium is a multi-purpose outdoor sports facility in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is located in the former city of North York, on the north-west corner of Bathurst Street and Finch Avenue West. Its capacity is 3,000  and is currently the home of North Toronto Nitros of League1 Ontario and FC Vorkuta of the Canadian Soccer League.

York University's football team were former tenants of the stadium from the 1980s to 1995 until a football field was built on campus (see York Stadium).

The stadium plays host to many sporting events including Canadian football, soccer, and athletics. The stadium has hosted the majority of CPSL/CSL Championship finals from 2002, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2014.

The stadium was built in June 1984, and was originally named North York Civic Stadium. It was renamed in 1988 in honour of former City of North York Councillor Esther Shiner. In 2004, the stadium was closed for refurbishment, and it reopened on September 15, 2005 with a new artificial playing surface and a running track.

See also
 Centennial Park Stadium - City of Toronto
 Varsity Stadium - University of Toronto
 Lamport Stadium - City of Toronto
 Monarch Park Stadium - Toronto District School Board
 Metro Toronto Track and Field Centre - City of Toronto
 Rosedale Field - City of Toronto
 York Lions Stadium - York University

References

Soccer venues in Ontario
Sports venues in Toronto
North York
Athletics (track and field) venues in Ontario
Multi-purpose stadiums in Canada
North York Astros
FC Vorkuta
Sports venues completed in 1984
1984 establishments in Ontario


I am a grandmother that raised her grandsons for 6 years. Both loved school and their teachers. There were no disciplinary problems. Last year they moved with their mom to a different city. The youngest, in first grade went from being a Talented and Gifted Nominee, to hating school and his teacher. His behavior and the joy he had when learning no longer mattered to him, the light left his eyes, and my heart aches for him. He has a big heart, and is very sensitive. He said his teacher yells at them constantly. His way of dealing with the "rejection" he feels is directed at him, is to ignore and be unresponsive to his surroundings.
Children today come from broken homes and witness so much. Kids need to be able go to school and feel a sense of belonging. If a child is being emotionally hurt at home and then goes to school and hears his teacher yelling, the child is going to react and take it personal because of the past or current trauma.
I'm sorry, I have never seen him lash out or refuse to cooperate by hiding under his desk. Then to hear that his teacher made him sit on the floor all day, singling him out and apart from the other children is upsetting. If his attention was diverted to something else and he was given a way out of the humiliation handed out by his teacher, in front of his peers, she could have helped to heal his broken spirit.
If a child is made to feel powerless most of their little life, as they become teenagers, how do you think they get their power back? Read the newspapers....It makes me wonder why some pick teaching as their profession....just a thought.
Do young teachers get any training on dealing with kids who have PTSD, or other traumatic experiences? Help me on this please...grandma's have rights too.


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Home > Breaking News > Commodities Corner: More than half of the gas stations in Wilmington, N.C., are out of fuel
Commodities Corner: More than half of the gas stations in Wilmington, N.C., are out of fuel
Markets/commodities reporter
Four states in the path of Hurricane Florence continue to experience shortages of gasoline, with more than half the stations in Wilmington, N.C., without fuel after Hurricane Florence made landfall on the coast of the Carolinas Friday, GasBuddy said.
Just over 56% of gas stations in Wilmington, and nearly 52% in the Greenville-New Bern-Washington, N.C., area were without fuel as of late Friday morning Eastern time, according to live updates from fuel-price tracker GasBuddy. North Carolina was indeed the hardest hit in terms of station outages, but South Carolina, Virginia and Georgia also saw some stations run short of fuel supplies.
See: live updates from GasBuddy on gasoline outages
The outages "paint a much more challenging situation that I would not have necessarily expected," Patrick DeHaan, senior petroleum analyst at fuel-price tracker GasBuddy, told MarketWatch on Friday.
The percentage loss in Wilmington is comparable to what some cities in Florida saw with Hurricane Irma in 2017, he said. At that time, the city with the highest percentage of stations at one point reached 71% in Gainesville.
"I would not have expected to see a number over 50% for any area during Florence, but it highlights the large number of [evacuations]," said DeHaan.
The average national price for regular unleaded gas, however, was at $2.857 a gallon Friday morning, little changed from Thursday's average of $2.856 and up about half a cent from last week's average of $2.852, GasBuddy reported. In North Carolina, the average price was at $2.684, up 1.7 cents from Thursday's average.
"Gasoline availability has been a headache, but the good news is that supply has remained healthy," said DeHaan.
"There is one potential concern," and that is the Colonial Pipeline, DeHaan told MarketWatch. The pipeline carries gasoline, diesel fuel, home heating oil, jet fuel and fuels for the military. It runs from Houston through 11 other states, including the Carolinas, before ending at Linden, N.J.
"There's enough possibility" for a pipeline disruption and if the pipeline goes offline, that could delay North Carolina, South Carolina and Virginia from returning to normal, DeHaan said. But "with Florence weakening, we may get lucky with lower odds of an issue." The National Weather Service downgraded Florence to a Category 1 storm Friday morning as the storm made landfall.
Less demand destruction would be "life may resume faster, putting more pressure on supply than expected," DeHaan said. "I still would not classify any price movements as large—just minor at best."
And while it is a bit too early to speculate, DeHaan said he couldn't imagine a rise any larger than five to 10 cents a gallon in the immediate South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia areas—"and even that's unlikely."
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A wafer, exposure mask, method for detecting an alignment mark and method for exposure, which make it possible to improve accuracy of the alignment as well as correction of a gap between the wafer and the exposure mask, are provided. There is provided a wafer having alignment marks (wafer marks) with edges for causing inspection light for alignment to scatter at an exposure surface during proximity exposure. The wafer mark is characterized by having dot pattern groups, which are made up of dot patterns arrayed in a predetermined direction. The dot pattern group is configured by arranging dot patterns in Direction X with an arrangement interval P2. The arrangement interval P2 is wider than an arrangement interval P1 for the dot patterns. Further, there is provided an exposure mask, which is used in similar proximity exposure, having alignment marks, as mask marks, which have a similar configuration as that of the wafer marks.
As shown in a relevant close-up view of FIG. 3, the alignment marks (a mask mark  7, a wafer mark 7′), in which dot patterns 5 are arrayed in a predetermined direction (for example, in Direction X in the figure) are respectively provided both on a surface 1 a of an exposure mask 1 and on an exposure surface 3 a of a wafer 3. These mask mark 7 s and wafer mark 7′ are arrayed both on the surface 1 a of the exposure mask 1 and on the exposure surface 3 a of the wafer 3 in such a way that the dot pattern 5 is arrayed in a predetermined arrangement state in which the dot pattern 5 is aligned in the same direction when the exposure mask 1 is disposed in proximity to the exposure surface 3 a of the wafer 3. For example here, there is a configuration in which the mask mark 7, which is in the same arrangement state as the wafer mark 7′, is arranged in halfway between two wafer mark 7′, in which the dot pattern 5 are arrayed in four rows in the Direction X. Further, these mask mark 7 and wafer mark 7′ are provided at a plurality of portions of the surface 1 a of the exposure mask 1 and the exposure surface 3 a of the wafer 3 in respective directions.
As shown in FIG. 4, an exposure device employing the SLA method has inspection optic systems including a light source  21, a half mirror 22, a lens 23 and an image detector 24 on a plurality of portions around a mask stage (not shown in the figure). Each inspection optic system is configured such that an inspection light H emitted from the light source 21 is incident from an oblique direction onto the surface 1 a of the exposure mask 1 on the mask stage. Further, through the half mirror 22 and the lens 23, the inspection light H is incident onto the exposure surface 3 a of the wafer 3 through the exposure mask 1. Scattering lights generated at the edge of the wafer 3, a wafer 11 and the dot pattern 5 on the exposure mask 1 are detected by the image detector 24. The inspection optic systems configured as described above are provided in correspondence with the portions at which the mask mark 7 and the wafer mark 7′ of the exposure mask 1 and the wafer 3, which are arranged in the predetermined state, are disposed respectively. Further, the inspection optic systems are configured such that a plane of incidence for the inspection light H is parallel to the above-mentioned arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5 (direction X in the figure). For example, see Japanese Patent Publication No. 2955668.
When the alignment is performed, the scattered lights of the inspection light H from the mask mark  7 and the wafer mark 7′ are detected as image signal by the inspection optic systems disposed on respective portions. As described above with FIG. 3, if the exposure mask 1 and the wafer 3 are arranged in the predetermined state, the mask mark 7 is positioned in the halfway between two wafer marks 7′. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5A, three peaks are observed in correspondence with the arrangement positions of the mask marks 7 and the wafer mark 7′ in a signal strength 51 of an image signal which is measured in the perpendicular direction to the arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5. Accordingly, a X-Y component, θ component and magnification component between the exposure mask 1 and the wafer 3 is detected from positions of these peaks.
In addition, as described above with FIG. 4, the inspection light H is incident onto the exposure mask  1 and the wafer 3 from an oblique direction so as that the plane of incidence of the inspection light H is parallel to the above-mentioned arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5. Accordingly, the focus plane FS obliquely crosses the exposure mask 1 and the wafer 3, and the focus position in the image signal is shifted in the arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5 (shown in a double-dashed line on FIG. 3) for an amount corresponding to a size of a gap G between the exposure mask 1 and the wafer 3. As shown in FIG. 5B, a focus position FP1 in the side of wafer mark 7′ and a focus position FP2 in the side of mask mark 7 are detected by differentiation-processing of the signal strength in the arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5. The shift of the gap G between the exposure mask 1 and the wafer is detected from these focus positions FP1 and FP2.
Further, according to embodiments of the present invention, there are provides an exposure mask, method for detecting an alignment mark, and/or method for exposure, which have alignment marks.
FIG. 5 is a graph describing a signal processing in a SLA method.
FIG. 1 is a close-up view showing an alignment mark in a wafer according to an embodiment of the present invention. A wafer  11 shown in FIG. 1 is to be aligned by use of a SLA method in proximity exposure as described in a section of "Description of Related Art". A exposure surface 11 a is provided with an alignment mark (below, referred to as a wafer mark) 13 having the following configuration.
The wafer mark  13 is formed from dot pattern groups 15 a arrayed in a plurality of rows in a predetermined direction. The dot pattern group 15 a is formed from a plurality of dot patterns 15 arrayed in the same predetermined direction.
Each of the dot patterns  15 is a raised or grooved rectangular pattern having a predetermined length L in the arrangement direction of the dot pattern 15 (direction X in the present embodiment) and a predetermined width W in a direction perpendicular to the direction X. Each of the dot pattern group 15 a formed from the dot patterns 15 described above. In the dot pattern group, a plurality of the dot patterns 15 are arrayed in the arrangement direction X with a predetermined arrangement interval P1. For example, in the present embodiment, the dot pattern group 15 a is configured such that three dot patterns 15 of length L=0.5 μm by width W=2.0 μm are arrayed in the arrangement direction X (a direction of length L) at the arrangement interval P1=0.2 μm.
Further, the wafer mark  13 is formed from a plurality of the dot pattern groups 15 a that are arrayed along the arrangement direction X of the dot pattern 15 at an arrangement interval P2. The arrangement interval P2 is wider than both the arrangement interval P1 of the dot pattern 15 and the length L of the dot pattern 15. Here, for example, the wafer mark 13 is configured at the arrangement interval P2=2 μm. Further, a row of the dot pattern groups 15 a arrayed in the direction X at the arrangement interval P2 is formed from three rows in the direction Y. For example, an interval in the direction X of the dot pattern groups 15 a is approximately 0.2 μm.
Alternatively, the wafer mark  13 described above may be of a configuration in which a slit S is provided in each of the dot patterns of a wafer mark in the related art.
An arrangement state of the wafer mark  13 on the exposure surface 11 a described above has a similar configuration as that of a wafer mark in the related art. For example, two wafer marks 7′ in the configuration described with reference to FIG. 3 are replaced with the wafer mark 13 having the configuration described in any one of the respective embodiments. Further, these wafer marks 13 are, for example, arranged at a plurality of positions on the exposure surface 11 a of the wafer 11 in respective directions (direction X, direction Y).
For the proximity exposure to the wafer  11 having the wafer mark 13 described above, the alignment in accordance with the SLA method is executed as in the related art. Namely, an exposure mask, which has the same mask marks as in the related art, is disposed in the predetermined state in proximity onto the exposure surface 11 a of the wafer 11 that is disposed on an exposure apparatus. Scattered lights of an inspection light H from the mask mark and wafer mark 13 are detected as an image signal by inspection optic systems disposed in respective portions around the exposure mask. In the inspection, edges making the inspection light H scatter are provided by the dot pattern 15 forming the wafer mark 13.
In the wafer mark  13 having the configure described above, the dot pattern groups 15 a, each of which is formed from the dot patterns 15 arrayed in the predetermined direction X, are arrayed in the predetermined direction X at the arrangement interval P2, that is wider than the arrangement interval P1 for the dot patterns 15. Accordingly, if the inspection light H is radiated onto the exposure surface 11 a in a downward oblique direction so as that its plane of incidence is parallel to the arrangement direction X of the dot patterns. With these edges arranged in high density, portions of higher signal strength at which more inspection light is scattered are generated periodically in the arrangement direction X of the dot patterns.
Accordingly, in the portions of the higher signal strength, strength for detecting the alignment mark of the wafer may be enhanced to an adequate value. Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 5B, the signal strength  52 in the direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5 may be increased up to approximately the same level by the use of the wafer mark and the mask mark in the exposure mask side, thereby improving the accuracy of detecting misalignment in the X-Y component, θ component and magnification component between the wafer and the exposure mask.
Further, the signal strength in the arrangement direction X changes periodically in the vicinity of the focus position of the wafer mark  13. As illustrated in FIG. 5B, a derivative value 52 of the signal strength in the arrangement direction of the dot pattern 5 may greatly change within a smaller range in the vicinity of a focus position FP1 of the wafer mark, thereby improving the accuracy of detecting the focus position FP1. Accordingly, the accuracy of detecting the gap G between the wafer and the exposure mask may be improved.
In the embodiment described above, it is described about a case that single dot pattern group  15 a is formed from three dot patterns 15. However, the present invention is not limited only to the embodiment described above. Alternatively, as illustrated in FIG. 2, single dot pattern group 15 may be formed from four and more dot pattern 15, or may be formed from two dot patterns 15. In this case, the signal strength may be increased by making the length of the dot pattern 15 shorter and making the arrangement interval P1 narrower.
Further, the period of the above-mentioned signal strength changes in accordance with the length of the dot pattern groups  15 a in the arrangement direction X and the arrangement interval P2. Accordingly, the accuracy of detecting the focus position may be further improved by appropriately setting the arrangement interval P2 in accordance with the size of gap between the exposure mask and the wafer in such a way that the differential waveform becomes sharper (in other words, resolution for separating a spot is ensured).
Alternatively, the wafer mark  13 having the above-mentioned configuration may be disposed onto the exposure mask as it is as an alignment mark (mask mark) for the exposure mask. For example, the mask mark 7 having the configuration described above with reference to FIG. 3 may be replaced with the wafer mark (alignment mark) 13 and used as a mask mark. Accordingly, by employing such a mask mark on the exposure mask, the signal strength on the exposure mask during the alignment in a SLA method may be enhanced. Accordingly, if the exposure surface of the wafer is formed from a material with high reflectivity, the signal strength of the mask mark may be improved to the same level or substantially the same level as that of the wafer mark. Further, since it is possible to improve the accuracy of detecting the focus position of the mask mark, the accuracy of detecting the gap G between the wafer and the exposure mask may be further improved by the use of such a mask mark in conjunction with a wafer mark.
the plurality of dot pattern groups are arrayed in the predetermined direction with an interval between the dot pattern groups, the interval being wider than an interval between the dot patterns.
2. The wafer according to claim 1, wherein the dot pattern is formed by performing a proximity exposure.
3. The wafer according to claim 1, wherein the dot pattern is a raised or grooved rectangular pattern.
4. The wafer according to claim 1, wherein the dot pattern formed in a plurality of rows in the predetermined direction.
5. The wafer according to claim 1, wherein the alignment marks are disposed at a plurality of portions in respective directions.
7. The exposure mask according to claim 6, wherein the dot pattern formed in a plurality of rows in the predetermined direction.
8. The exposure mask according to claim 6, wherein the alignment marks are disposed at a plurality of portions in respective directions.
the alignment mark of the wafer has a same pattern as that of the dot pattern of the exposure mask.
wherein the inspection light for alignment is incident on the exposure mask and the wafer in an oblique direction.
wherein the inspection light is radiated onto the exposure surface from an oblique direction in such a way that a plane of incidence of the inspection light is parallel to the arrangement direction of the dot patterns.
12. The method for detecting an alignment mark according to claim 9, wherein the exposure is a proximity exposure.
wherein the detecting of scattered inspection light is performed by differentiation-processing of a signal strength along the arrangement direction of dot patterns.
wherein peaks of higher signal strength with stronger scattering of the inspection light are arranged periodically in the direction of arrayed dot pattern.
wherein the exposure mask is configured to have alignment marks, the alignment marks being configured to have a plurality of dot pattern groups, each of the dot pattern groups being configured to have a plurality of dot patterns arrayed in a predetermined direction, and the plurality of dot pattern groups being arrayed in the predetermined direction with an interval between the dot pattern groups, the interval being wider than an interval between the dot patterns.
18. The exposure method according to claim 15, wherein the exposure is a proximity exposure.


Read the following introductions for attractions in Aba. You will know the top attractions there and you can also get to know the city attractions by category.
Situatedabout 200 miles from Chengdu, Songpan AncientTown used to be a militarybase due to its advantageous location. As an ancient town, thisplace is rich in history and culture. Remains of ancient structures andbattlefields can be seen in the ancient town.


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Q: How many solutions can an onto matrix have and how many can one-to-one matrix have? I think that Onto has one or infinity many and One-to-one can have only one unique solution but I'm not sure if this is correct.
Also, must we have a solution for Onto and One-to-one or can we not have any solutions?

A: I will interpret your question in the following way:
Let $T:\mathbb{R}^n\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^m$ be a linear map. Then there is an $m\times n$ matrix $M$ such that $Mv = T(v)$ for each $v \in \mathbb{R}^n$.
Let $y \in \mathbb{R}^m$. We want to determine the number of solutions to $Mx = y$.

First, suppose $T$ is one-to-one. (Then we call $M$ a one-to-one matrix.) First we can prove there is at most one solution. Let $a, b \in \mathbb{R}^n$. Suppose $Ma = Mb = y$. Then $T(a) = Ma = Mb = T(b)$, so $a=b$ as $T$ is one-to-one. It is also possible that there are no solutions - we can use a small example: Consider the case where $T:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow\mathbb{R}^2$ is defined by $T(x) = \pmatrix{x\\x}$. (Then $M$ is given by $\pmatrix{1\\1}$.) Clearly this is one-to-one, but there are no solutions to the equation $Mx = \pmatrix{1\\0}$.

In summary, if $M$ is one-to-one, there is one solution or no solutions to the equation $Mx = y$ for a given $y$.
With similar reasoning, you can show that if $M$ is onto, there is one solution or infinitely many solutions to the equation $Mx = y$ for a given $y$. (I'll leave this as an exercise for you!)
Note that both of these results combine to give you: If $M$ represents a bijective linear transformation, then there is precisely one solution to the equation $Mx = y$.


Here's a great image from a seventies magazine. It's not as vintage as most of my collection, but still quite enjoyable!
Classic of the spanking-the-maid genre. I wonder what magazine this is from.
The magazine was "Palm and Paddle" printed in 1975. I thought I'd put that in the post but I was in a hurry and left it out. Sorry!