Inventor: Ibarra Romero, et al.
Abstract: A vacuum brake booster includes a housing and a bent connecting element for connecting the vacuum brake booster to a vacuum source, wherein the connecting element includes a first connecting piece which extends through an opening in the brake booster housing into a vacuum chamber of the vacuum brake booster, a second connecting piece for connecting the connecting element to the vacuum source, and a multi-part housing with a first housing part which carries the first connecting piece and a second housing part which carries the second connecting piece arranged at a first angle to the first connecting piece. To simplify automatic assembly, the position of the second housing part to the first housing part in relation to a second angle is rigidly fixed, and the shape of the opening in the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are matched to each other in such a way that a rotation of the first connecting piece in the opening of the brake booster housing is at least substantially prevented.
1. Vacuum brake booster comprising a housing and a bent connecting element for connecting the vacuum brake booster to a vacuum source, wherein the connecting elementcomprises a first connecting piece which extends through an opening in the housing into a vacuum chamber of the vacuum brake booster, the opening defining an axis of rotation, and a second connecting piece for connecting the connecting element to thevacuum source, and a multi-part housing with a first housing part which carries the first connecting piece and a second housing part which carries the second connecting piece arranged at a first angle to the first connecting piece, wherein the shape ofthe opening in the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are matched to each other in such a way that a rotation of the first connecting piece in the opening of the brake booster housing about the axis ofrotation is at least substantially prevented, and wherein the position of the second housing part relative to the first housing part is rigidly fixed at a second angle.
2. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 1, wherein the multi-part housing of the connecting element comprises only the first and second housing parts and in that a connecting plane in which the first and second housing parts abut each otheris circular ring-shaped.
3. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 2, wherein the first and second housing parts are one of welded, glued and crimped together in a predetermined position, which corresponds to the second angle.
4. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are not circular.
5. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are oval.
6. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 1, wherein a sealing collar is provided between the first connecting piece of the connecting element and the opening in the housing of the vacuum brake booster.
7. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 6, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece of the connecting element is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the opening of the sealing collar.
8. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 1, wherein the housing of the connecting element has an enlarged cavity provided therein, and wherein opening of the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting pieceare oval.
9. Vacuum brake booster comprising a housing defining a vacuum chamber; and a connecting element for connecting the vacuum brake booster to a vacuum source, the connecting element including a first connecting piece that extends through anopening in the housing into the vacuum chamber, the opening defining an axis of rotation, a second connecting piece that is adapted to connect the connecting element to the vacuum source, and a multi-part housing including a first housing part whichcarries the first connecting piece and a second housing part which carries the second connecting piece arranged at a first angle to the first connecting piece, wherein the shape of the opening in the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape ofthe first connecting piece are matched to each other in such a way that rotation of the first connecting piece in the opening of the brake booster housing about the axis of rotation is at least substantially prevented, and wherein the position of thesecond housing part relative to the first housing part is rigidly fixed at a second angle.
10. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 9, wherein the multi-part housing of the connecting element comprises only the first and second housing parts and in that a connecting plane in which the first and second housing parts abut each otheris circular ring-shaped.
11. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 10, wherein the first and second housing parts are one of welded, glued and crimped together in a predetermined position, which corresponds to the second angle.
12. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 9, wherein the opening of the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are not circular.
13. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 9, wherein the opening of the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are oval.
14. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 9, wherein a sealing collar is provided between the first connecting piece of the connecting element and the opening in the housing of the vacuum brake booster.
15. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 14, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece of the connecting element is the same as the cross-sectional shape of the opening of the sealing collar.
16. Vacuum brake booster according to claim 9, wherein the housing of the connecting element has an enlarged cavity provided therein, and wherein opening of the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting pieceare oval.
This application is a National Stage of International Application No. PCT/EP2006/000189 filed Jan. 11, 2006, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference, and which claimed priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2005 002552.8 filed Jan. 19, 2005, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
The present invention relates to vacuum brake boosters comprising a housing and a bent connecting element for connecting the vacuum brake booster to a vacuum source, wherein the connecting element comprises a first connecting piece which extendsthrough an opening in the brake booster housing into a vacuum chamber of the vacuum brake booster, and a second connecting piece for connecting the connecting element to the vacuum source. The connecting element has a multi-part housing with a firsthousing part which carries the first connecting piece and a second housing part which carries the second connecting piece arranged at a first angle to the first connecting piece.
Vacuum brake boosters have long been known and nowadays are used in virtually every motor vehicle which is fitted with a hydraulic braking system. They are used to keep a force that is to be applied by the driver of a vehicle to actuate thebraking system at a comfortable, relatively low level. To achieve this the brake booster adds an auxiliary force, also called a servo force, generated by the brake booster to the actuating force applied by a driver, so the brake actuating forceavailable at the wheel brakes is considerably boosted compared with the force applied by the driver.
Said auxiliary force is generated by a pressure differential in the housing of the brake booster which acts on a moving wall which is arranged between a working chamber and a vacuum chamber of the brake booster. To control the level of thepressure differential, and therewith the size of the auxiliary force generated by the brake booster, a control valve is used which on the one hand, can connect the working chamber of the brake booster to atmospheric pressure (or with overpressure) and onthe other hand can connect the vacuum chamber of the brake booster to the working chamber.
So a vacuum brake booster can function, during operation its vacuum chamber must be connected to a vacuum source which constantly maintains a certain vacuum with respect to atmospheric pressure in the vacuum chamber. A vacuum that prevails inthe intake section of a motor vehicle internal-combustion engine is often used as the vacuum source; in newer vehicles with their relatively lightly throttled engines a separate vacuum pump is increasingly being used as the vacuum source however.
In each case the vacuum chamber must be fluidically connected to the vacuum source. As a rule a hose is used which leads from the connecting element that is on the brake booster for connection of the hose to the vacuum source. For reasons ofspace the connecting element often has a bent design.
Whereas previously usually resilient hose assemblies were used which extended from the connecting element to the vacuum source, nowadays non-resilient, pre-shaped hose assemblies are increasingly being used, of which one end is shrunk onto thesecond connecting piece of the connecting element. If non-resilient, pre-shaped connecting hose assemblies of this type are to be automatically assembled on a vacuum brake booster, it is important that with each vacuum brake booster of a series theconnecting element always has the same position with respect to the corresponding end of the connecting hose assembly. This is not the case with conventional vacuum brake boosters with a bent connecting element for connecting the brake booster to avacuum source. Instead, with vacuum brake boosters of this type known from the prior art the connecting element has to be rotated into an appropriate position before it is connected to the connecting hose assembly.
The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a vacuum brake booster with a bent connecting element that is used for connection to a vacuum source, wherein the connecting element is adapted to be brought into a predefined, desiredposition and then reliably retains this position.
Starting from the vacuum brake booster mentioned in the introduction this object is achieved in that with the housing of the connecting element the position of the second housing part relative to the first housing part is rigidly fixed inrelation to a second angle, and in that the shape of the opening in the brake booster housing and the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece are matched to each other in such a way that a rotation of the first connecting piece in the openingof the brake booster housing is at least substantially prevented. The rigid fixing of the first and second housing parts to each other in relation to a second angle prevents an angular position, once adjusted, between the two housing parts from beingunintentionally changed. The shapes of the opening for the connecting element in the brake booster housing and of the cross-section of the first connecting piece that have been matched with each other result in a form drag which secures the entireconnecting element in a predefined position.
In a preferred embodiment of the vacuum brake booster according to the invention the housing of the connecting element comprises only the two said housing parts, and a connecting plane, in which the two housing parts abut each other, iscircular. The two separate housing parts may thus be joined together and rotated relative to each other into the desired position and then be rigidly fixed. If the housing of the connecting element comprises more than two housing parts, and this is byall means possible, it must only be ensured that the position of the second housing part with respect to the first housing part can be rigidly fixed in order to obtain the advantages according to the invention. For rigid fixing of the two housing partsrelative to the first housing part further housing parts that are arranged between two said housing parts may also be used.
In one embodiment in which the housing of the connecting element comprises only two housing parts, for reciprocal rigid fixing these are preferably welded, glued or crimped together in a predetermined position, which corresponds to the secondangle. These fixing possibilities are particularly advantageous if the housing of the connecting element is made from plastics material.
In order, according to the invention, to prevent the connecting element rotating in relation to the brake booster housing basically all shapes of the opening in the brake booster housing and of the cross-section of the first connecting piecethat are matched to each other are capable of leading to interlocking fit of the connection between the first connecting piece and the opening in the brake booster housing, into which opening the first connecting piece of the connecting element isintroduced. In preferred embodiments of the vacuum brake booster according to the invention the shape of said opening and the cross-section of the first connecting piece is not circular but preferably oval. An oval cross-sectional shape of this kindmay be produced in as problem-free a manner as a circular shape and still leads to the desired form drag of the connection between connecting element and brake booster housing which prevents rotation of the connecting element.
For reliable sealing of the first connecting piece in the associated opening of the brake booster housing a sealing collar made of elastomeric material is arranged on the first connecting piece in preferred embodiments and surrounds the edge ofthe opening of the brake booster housing. For reasons of good fit a sealing collar of this type preferably has a cross-sectional shape adapted to the cross-sectional shape of the first connecting piece.
According to a preferred embodiment of the vacuum brake booster according to the invention in which the housing of the connecting element comprises only two housing parts, adjacent to the connecting plane of its two housing parts this housinghas an enlarged cavity. This cavity can be completely arranged in one housing part or the other but it can also be partially situated in one housing part and partially in the other. With an embodiment of this type the described cavity is preferablyused for receiving a non-return valve which prevents atmospheric pressure from flowing into the vacuum chamber. When assembling the connecting element the non-return valve is first of all inserted into the cavity, or part of it, then the two housingparts are joined together and finally rigidly fixed to each other in the position corresponding to the desired second angle.
Other advantages of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, when read in light of the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 3 shows the view from FIG. 2.
FIG. 1 shows in a cutaway view the region that is of interest here of a vacuum brake booster 10 for a hydraulic motor vehicle braking system. The brake booster 10 has a bowl-shaped housing 12, of which the interior is divided by a moving wall(not shown in FIG. 1) into a vacuum chamber 14 and a working chamber (not visible in FIG. 1).
During operation of a vehicle in which the brake booster 10 is fitted, the vacuum chamber 14 is constantly connected via a connecting element 16 to a vacuum source, for example to the intake section of an internal-combustion engine that drivesthe vehicle, or to a separate vacuum pump, so a certain vacuum always prevails in the vacuum chamber 14.
If the driver of the motor vehicle wishes to brake, this wish is communicated to the brake booster 10 via an input member (not shown) which actuates a control valve (also not shown) of the brake booster in such a way that atmospheric pressureflows into the working chamber, in which approximately the same pressure prevails as in the vacuum chamber 14 before actuation of the brake booster (i.e. the working chamber is also evacuated). Consequently a pressure differential is established at themoving wall which, multiplied by the area of the moving wall, produces a servo or auxiliary force which is output by the brake booster to the braking system of the motor vehicle (conventionally to a master cylinder of the braking system which isconnected downstream of the brake booster 10).
Said hollow connecting element 16 is used to connect the vacuum chamber 14 to a vacuum source. For reasons of space, i.e. in order to take up as little space as possible in the axial direction of the brake booster 10, a housing 18 of theconnecting element 16 has a bent shape, wherein the bend in the illustrated embodiment is approximately 90 degrees.
In the illustrated embodiment the housing 18 of the connecting element 16 comprises a first housing part 20, which carries a first connecting piece 22, and a second housing part 24, which carries a second connecting piece 26 which extends at afirst angle .alpha. to the first connecting piece 22. The angle .alpha. is approximately 90 degrees in the illustrated embodiment.
The first connecting piece 22 of the connecting element 16 extends through a, in this case oval, opening 28 in the brake booster housing 12 from the outside into the vacuum chamber 14. As may be seen in particular from FIG. 3 the firstconnecting piece 22 also has an oval cross-sectional shape, i.e. its outer form is oval in cross-section as well as a channel 30 formed therein. The latter is not imperative however, it is only important that the outer cross-sectional shape of the firstconnecting piece 22 is matched to the shape of the opening 28 in such a way that rotation of the first connecting piece 22 in the opening 28 is at least substantially prevented, i.e. the channel can readily also have a round cross-sectional shape.
In the illustrated embodiment a sealing collar 32 is arranged on the first connecting piece 22, the inner and outer cross-sections of which collar are also oval and therewith adapted to the shape of the first connecting piece 22, the collarsurrounding the edge of the opening 28 on both sides, as shown in FIG. 1. As a result of this resilient sealing collar arranged between the opening 28 and the first connecting piece 22, the first connecting piece 22 can rotate slightly in the opening 28with expenditure of force although a restoring force is then formed in the resilient material of the sealing collar 32 which, once the force applied for rotation ceases, returns the first connecting piece 22 to its original position again. Rotation ofthe first connecting piece 22 in the opening 28 is thereby substantially prevented.
To ensure improved retention of the sealing collar 32 on the first connecting piece 22 the latter is provided with a truncated cone-shaped ribbed section 34. With a suitable, i.e. sufficiently resilient, embodiment of the material of the firstconnecting piece 22 the connecting piece can also be arranged in the opening 28 of the brake booster housing 12 without insertion of a sealing collar.
The two housing parts 20 and 24 are made from plastics material in the embodiment shown in the figures, preferably by injection moulding. At its end remote from the first connecting piece 22 the first housing part 20 has a circular ring-shapedend face 36 which together with a circular ring-shaped end face 38 of the same size on the second housing part 24 determines a connecting plane in which the two housing parts 20 and 24 abut each other. In this connecting plane the two housing parts 20and 24 can be rotated relative to each other about a second angle .beta. in order to be able to adjust a desired angle .beta. which the second connecting piece 26 should have relative to the first connecting piece 22. For this purpose the desiredangle of rotation is adjusted during manufacture of the connecting element 16, at which angle the second connecting piece 26 extends in the desired orientation with respect to the first connecting piece 22 fixed in the opening 28. The two end faces 36and 38 are then welded by means of ultrasound, so the position of the second housing part 24 relative to the first housing part 20 is accordingly rigidly fixed while maintaining the desired angle .beta.. Instead of welding with ultrasound, gluing of thetwo end faces 36 and 38, crimping of the two housing parts 20 and 24 in the region of the two end faces 36 and 38 or interlocking latching which guarantees that the adjusted angle .beta. is maintained may also be considered.
The second connecting piece 26 formed in one piece on the second housing part 24 has a conventional, hollow cylindrical shape and on the outside has a stop configured as an annular collar 40 which limits the extent to which a hose (not shownhere) can be slipped on which provides a connection to the vacuum source.
The vacuum brake booster 10 thereby has a connecting element 16 which owing to fixing of the two angles .alpha. and .beta. achieves clear and precisely reproducible alignment of the second connecting piece 26, and this is advantageous forautomatic assembly of a brake booster in the motor vehicle or for automatic assembly of the hose on the second connecting piece 26.
In the region of the connecting plane arranged between the two end faces 36 and 38 there is moreover formed in the case of the illustrated connecting element 16 an inner cavity 42 which is enlarged in relation to the channel 30 extending throughthe connecting element 16, of which cavity one part is arranged in the first housing part 20 on this side of the connecting plane and another part is arranged in the second housing part 24 on the other side of the connecting plane in the illustratedembodiment. This inner cavity 42 is used for receiving a non-return valve (not shown) which prevents atmospheric pressure flowing into the vacuum chamber 14. The non-return valve is inserted in the cavity 42 before the two housing parts 20 and 24 aresecurely connected together.
In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes, the principle and mode of operation of this invention have been explained and illustrated in its preferred embodiment. However, it must be understood that this invention may be practicedotherwise than as specifically explained and illustrated without departing from its spirit or scope.


The Sea Lodge is the ideal place to stay for any business visit to Koh Tao. Exclusive fully furnished air-conditioned rooms in Mae Haad Beach area. All rooms are fitted with Teak furnishings, air-conditioning and ceiling fans, hot water shower, mini bar, 40channel satellite TV and FREE WIFI. Breakfasts are offered as an optional extra. Sea Lodge also offes a diving courses and equipment sales are offered on-site by Planet Scuba, a PADI 5 Star Instructor Development Centre. The Safety Stop Restaurant and Bar, Recommended after every dive, offers Thai and International dishes and a wide range of drinks from 7am to 11pm.
Karen Loved this place!! Large, bright rooms with all the amenities one would need... felt very luxurious but cost less than a number of the surrounding places. Loved the location right near the water, and was very convenient to just walk over from the ferry station upon arriving at Koh Tao from Koh Pangan. Would definitely stay there again.
Robert Borg This hotel has a wrong view at the front of the hotel. It is located directly at the pier and the noise from the boats is disturbing. The reception is in the diving shop and only open 9 to 6. No restaurant at the hotel but several restaurants around the corner.


text:
Customer Care : 416.798.7641
Planet Paper Box Group Inc.
Box Design, Manufacturing, Distribution
Corrugated, Designers
How Corrugated Boxes are Made
by PeTeRadmin May 12, 2017
Most items at your favorite supermarket, discount store, or shopping mall were safely delivered in boxes made of corrugated cardboard, and many are displayed in the same boxes, which were manufactured so they could be opened and used for this purpose. Other items may arrive in their own corrugated or uncorrugated paperboard boxes. Because corrugated cardboard is such a versatile packaging material, millions of tons are used each year to protect and display products. During 1992, more than 25 million tons of corrugated cardboard were produced in the United States. Another 6 million tons of uncorrugated boxboard or paperboard were also produced for use in folding cartons.
Corrugated cardboard is a stiff, strong, and light-weight material made up of three layers of brown kraft paper. In 1884, Swedish chemist, Carl F. Dahl, developed a process for pulping wood chips into a strong paper that resists tearing, splitting, and bursting. He named it the kraft process because it produces a strong paper that resists tearing, splitting, and bursting.
From the paper mill, rolls of kraft paper are transported to a corrugating, or converting, plant. At the plant, layers of kraft paper are crimped and glued to form corrugated cardboard, which is then cut, printed, folded, and glued to make boxes. At the beginning of this process, kraft rolls from the paper mill are loaded into a huge machine called a corrugator. A typical corrugator is as long as a football field—300 feet (91.44 meters). Some rolls of kraft paper are used as the corrugating medium, and others are used as liners, the layers of kraft paper glued on each side of the medium. After the corrugator has heated, glued, and pressed the kraft paper to form corrugated cardboard, the continuous sheet of cardboard is cut into wide box blanks that then go to other machines for printing, cutting, and gluing. Finally, batches of finished boxes are banded together for shipping to the food processor, toy maker, automobile parts distributor, or any of the thousands of businesses that depend on corrugated cardboard packaging.
Fast-growing pine trees provide the primary raw material used to make corrugated cardboard. The largest packaging companies own thousands of acres of land where trees are matured, harvested, and replaced with seedlings. After the trees are harvested, they are stripped of their limbs; only the trunks will be shipped by truck to a pulp mill. The largest packaging companies also own the mills where trees are converted to kraft paper. At the mill, the harvested tree trunks are subjected to the kraft process, also known as the sulfate process because of the chemicals used to break down wood chips into fibrous pulp. After pulping and other processing, the fibers are sent directly to the paper machine where they are formed, pressed, dried, and rolled into the wide, heavy rolls of kraft paper sent to corrugating plants to be made into cardboard.
At the corrugating plant, only a few other raw materials are needed to make a finished box. Corn starch glue is used to bond the corrugated medium to the liner sheets. Because so much glue is used, rail cars or large tanker trucks deliver it as a dry powder that will be stored in huge silos at the corrugating plant until it is needed. Drawn from the silo, the dry corn starch is mixed with water and other chemicals and pumped into the corrugator to be spread on the corrugated medium as the layers of liner are added. Other raw materials are used to finish the corrugated cardboard after production. Waxes made from paraffin or vegetable oils can be applied to make a water- or grease-resistant container for food products. Brightly colored inks are also applied to create bold graphic designs for self-supporting displays featuring product name, information, and company name and logo. Teams of salespeople and designers work together to create the manufacturing and printing patterns, called dies, that are used to cut and print a specific box design. The dies are created in a pattern shop and transferred to the rotary die-cutting equipment and printers that finish the box blanks.
Kraft paper has been manufactured since 1906. Since then, pulp processing, paper making, and corrugating operations have been developed to a high state of efficiency and productivity. Today, in the corrugated cardboard industry, designers are creating innovative containers that require four-color printing and complex die-cutting. These innovative containers are designed with sophisticated software such as computer-aided design (CAD) programs, allowing a packaging designer to brainstorm different package designs before manufacturing begins. A designer using a CAD program can call up and modify different designs that have been stored in a computer design library. Thus, existing packages can generate new designs. Many retail stores use such light, strong, and colorful containers directly, as point-of-purchase displays.
The Manufacturing
Pulping the pine chips
1 Manufacturing a corrugated cardboard box begins with the pulping of wood chips in the kraft (sulfate) process. First, tree trunks are stripped of bark and torn into small chips. Next, these chips are placed in a large, high-pressure tank called a batch digester, where they are cooked in a solution, or liquor, made of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and several other ionic compounds such as sulfates, sulfides, and sulfites. These strongly alkaline chemicals dissolve the lignin, the glue-like substance that holds the individual wood fibers together in a tree trunk.
2 When the pressure is released after several hours, the wood chips explode like popcorn into fluffy masses of fiber.
Making kraft paper
3 After additional cleaning and refining steps, a consistent slurry of wood pulp is pumped to the paper-making machine, also known as a Fourdrinier machine. Gigantic, square structures up to 600 feet long (182.88 meters), these machines contain a wire mesh in which the paper is initially formed. Next, the paper is fed into massive, steam-heated rollers and wide felt blankets that remove the water. At the end, the finished medium, or liner, is rolled for shipment.
Shipping and storing the kraft paper
4 Rolls of kraft paper for corrugating are available in many sizes to fit the production equipment at different corrugating plants. The most common roll sizes are 67 inches (170.18 centimeters) wide and 87 inches (220.98 centimeters) wide. An 87-inch roll of heavier paper can weigh up to 6,000 pounds (2,724 kilograms). As many as 22 rolls of 87-inch paper can be loaded into one railroad boxcar for shipment to a corrugating plant.
5 At the plant, the kraft paper is separated into different grades, which will be used for the medium and the liner. These different grades of corrugated cardboard can be made by combining different grades of kraft paper. A knowledgeable packaging specialist works with a customer to determine the strength required for the corrugated cardboard container being planned. Then, when a plant receives an order for containers, a product engineer specifies the combination of medium and liner to produce a cardboard to match the customer's requirement.
Corrugating the cardboard
6 Using powerful fork-lifts, skilled equipment operators select, move, and load rolls of kraft paper at one end of the corrugator.
Corrugated cardboard manufacture includes two key steps: making kraft paper and corrugating the cardboard. Kraft paper involves pulping wood chips and then feeding the resulting paper substance through massive steam rollers that remove the water.
Corrugating is also done in a machine that utilizes heavy rollers. One roll of cardboard is corrugated and then glued between two other layers (liners) by the same machine. The glue is then cured by passing the cardboard over heated rolls.
7 One roll of medium is loaded to run through the corrugating rolls, and a roll of liner is fed into the corrugator to be joined with the corrugated medium. Liner from another roll travels up over the corrugating rolls along a flat structure called the bridge. This liner will be glued to the corrugated medium later in the process.
8 For a large production run, additional rolls are loaded into automatic splicers. Sensitive detectors check the rolls of paper feeding into the corrugator. When a roll is nearly empty, the corrugator control system starts a splicer, and paper from the new roll is joined to the end of the paper going through the machine. Thus, production of corrugated cardboard is continuous, and no production speed is lost.
9 The medium to be corrugated is fed into the giant, electrically driven rollers of the corrugator, first through the preheating rollers and then into the corrugating rolls. Steam at 175 to 180 pounds of pressure per square inch (psi) is forced through both sets of rollers, and, as the paper passes through them, temperatures reach 350 to 365 degrees Fahrenheit (177 to 185 degrees Celsius).
10 The corrugating rolls are covered with I O flutes —horizontal, parallel ridges like the teeth of massively wide gears. When the hot paper passes between the corrugating rolls, the flutes trap and bend it, forming the middle part of a sheet of corrugated cardboard. Each corrugating machine has interchangeable corrugating rolls featuring different flute sizes. Installing a different
A finished piece of corrugated cardboard consists of a single corrugated layer sandwiched between two liner layers.
flute size in the corrugator changes the width of the corrugated medium.
11 The medium travels next to a set of rollers called the single-facer glue station. Here, one layer of liner is glued to the medium. Starch glue is carefully applied to the corrugated edges of the medium, and the first layer of liner is added. From the single-facer, the medium and liner go to the double-backer glue station where the other layer of liner from the bridge is added following the same procedure. Continuing through the corrugator, the cardboard passes over steam-heated plates that cure the glue.
Forming the blanks into boxes
12 At the end of corrugator, a slitter-scorer trims the cardboard and cuts it into large sheets called box blanks. Box blanks pop out of the slitter-scorer like wide slices of toast and slide into an automatic stacker that loads them onto a large, rolling platform. From here, they will be transported to the other machines that will convert them into finished containers. Skilled production workers use a computer terminal and printer to prepare a job ticket for each stack of box blanks produced by the corrugator. With the job ticket, workers can route the stack to the right fabrication machines, called flexos (the name is short for flexographic machine). A flexo is a wide, flat machine that processes box blanks.
13 Printing dies and die-cutting patterns I 3 are prepared in a pattern shop on large, flexible sheets of rubber or tin. The dies and patterns are loaded onto the large rollers in the flexo, and the box blanks are automatically fed through it. As each blank passes through the rollers of the flexo, it is trimmed, printed, cut, scored, and, in a printer-folder-gluer, folded and glued to form a box. From the flexo, the finished boxes are automatically stacked and sent to a banding machine to be wrapped for shipping. Other equipment in a corrugating plant includes stand-alone die-cutters, die-cutters with print stations, and machines known as curtain coaters that apply a wax coating to fruit, vegetable, and meat containers. Box blanks requiring only simple, one-color printing and die-cutting can be run through a stand-alone die-cutter, print station, and curtain coater to produce water- or grease-resistant containers.
Quality control begins with the suppliers of the kraft paper used to make corrugated cardboard. Kraft paper must be smooth and strong. After the paper passes through the corrugator and is made into box blanks, individual blanks are pulled from a stack and tested. The Cobb test measures moisture in the liner and medium. Glue strength, bursting strength, compression, and highly accurate dimensional tests determine the quality of the manufacturing process. A warp test determines the flatness of the box blank, insuring that each blank will travel smoothly through the flexo machines. As skilled workers run batches of box blanks through the flexo machines, individual boxes are pulled and inspected. Trimming, cutting, and scoring must be correct. No damage to the cardboard is allowed. Also, the different layers of colored ink used in color printing must be perfectly aligned.
Future corrugated containers will be manufactured using kraft paper produced from recycled packaging rather than trees. Recycling and other environmentally friendly processes will continue to grow in importance in the future of corrugated cardboard. Today, inks based on soybean oil andbiodegradable waxes and other coatings are beginning to be used in container manufacturing. Leading packaging companies are already operating paper mills that make fresh, clean kraft paper by de-inking and pulping used containers.
Source : www.madehow.com
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Mysql select from mediumint(8) to unique Binary(2) I am trying to create a query to populate unique data from one table into part of another table. The two rows from the source table I'm selecting are of types mediumint(8) and varchar(20). In the destination table I have a Binary(2) and a varchar(20) that I'm trying to populate from the source table. I'm also only selecting the top 100 unique values.
The problem I have is with the mediumint(8) to Binary(2) conversion. I can see all my mediumint(8) values are unique, and they are all less than 200 numerically, but for some reason I can't get them to fit in a 2 byte unique binary column. My query keeps rejecting the insert because it says the values are larger than 2 bytes.
sample query:
select distinct id, part from partsTable
group by id
limit 100;

This comes back with a table that looks kind of like this
 id| part
_________
1  |  A
2  |  B
3  |  C
21 |  AB
22 |  AC
...

I have tried doing things like ( id & 0xFFFF) to force my id column as 2 bytes, and CAST(id as UNSIGNED) or CAST(id as BINARY(2)), but these always truncate the data so that i get duplicate values. Not really sure what I'm missing or how my unique id values that I can see are all unique get translated to non unique values when I try to cast them into binary.
What's even more confusing is as a test I just inserted two records into my destination table:
INSERT into table1 (id, part) VALUES (0xFFFF, 'A');
INSERT into table1 (id, part) VALUES (0xFFFE, 'B');

And then I just wrote a query to see what that data looked like:
SELECT bin(id) as id, hex(id) as hex, part FROM table1;

Which returns a result like:
id  | hex   | part
__________________
0   | 0xFFFF| A
0   | 0xFFFE| B

So I have no idea what's going on

A: 2 bytes would be a numeric range of 65535. The problem here is the binary data type in MySQL still contains a string, not a number, but with collation of binary instead of something like utf8 as the char data type would. The difference is that the binary data type restricts the value based on the number of bytes rather than the number of characters in the string that it is storing. In other words, a 3 digit value such as 150 as a string would be 3 characters, totaling 3 bytes. So if this value was converted to BINARY(2), it would lose anything past its 2nd byte, making it 15.
Because it stores a string, the binary data type is not restricted to numeric characters (0,1) as you would expect either. So you could make the values fit in a BINARY(2) by using HEX(). HEX(150) would be '96', and would therefore fit in a BINARY(2). You would then have to use UNHEX() to retreive any of these values. If this table already has other values stored in it I doubt this would work for you though.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This might seem second nature in the UK but it's a new development in Australia. On-course bookies had to be just that, and while recent law changes had allowed local bookmakers to form companies and trade 24/7, that was only if they were on track within that state. Now Victoria has allowed Centrebet, Sportsbet, and the big one, TABCorp trading as TAB Sportsbet, to work on the rails. Bit controversial they have been allowed to queue jump and not be subject to the normal procedures of Victorian bookies during spring carnival time, but it's hardly surprising.
TABCORP will join the Flemington rails as an on-course bookie for the first time on Derby Day.
Tabcorp has won approval from the Victorian Commission for Gambling Regulation to short-circuit Victoria Bookmakers' Association rules to gain a rails berth.
Derby Day, this Saturday at Flemington, is the best day of domestic racing anywhere in the world. Quality from start to finish, and over 100,000 attending the course. Coverage on AtTheRaces and races streamed on Betfair LiveVideo.


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Organising a kids' party? Reserve directly!
Want to book one of our kids' parties? Contact the Sales department on +31 (0)222 390 118 or complete the adjoining request form. Can't quite find the kind of party you want to book? We are happy to discuss options with you!


Please select either Air Quality data or Meterological data.
Alternatively see the Current Readings page for today's measurements.
To see the Banded Graphs click here.
Please note: the scales on the graphs are fixed.
a 24 hour period or less where the average shown will by a 15 minute average.
You are able to view more than one substance for multiple sites, with an overall maximum of six substances per graph.


Bathroom ideas: small corner bathroom vanity with wall shelves and, bathroom ideas: two rustic corner bathroom wall shelves under two, bathroom ideas, corner bathroom wall shelves above rattan waste. Outstanding bathroom corner wall shelf wooden bathroom corner wall. Corner glass shelves for bathroom bathroom glass shelf wall mounted.


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And the Band Plays On
A Lyme & Associated Diseases Resource
CDC Scientists "Directed to Do Things We Know Aren't Right"
On Monday, The Hill newspaper published a story claiming that "The CDC is being influenced by corporate and political interests," as alleged by over a dozen senior scientists at CDC who collectively call themselves CDC SPIDER – Scientists Preserving Integrity, Diligence, and Ethics in Research. The group has chosen to remain anonymous "for fear of retribution."
On August 29, the CDC SPIDER filed a complaint letter with CDC Chief of Staff Carmen S. Villar that makes a number of strong and unambiguous allegations that would shock most Americans, who trust the public health agency charged with "developing and applying disease prevention and control, environmental health, and health promotion and health education activities designed to improve the health of the people of the United States." In their complaint, the SPIDER group states "It is puzzling to read about [CDC] transgressions in national media outlets like USA Today, The Huffington Post, and The Hill. It is equally puzzling that nothing has changed here at the CDC as a result. It is business as usual."
Among the accusations from the CDC SPIDER complaint:
A "cover up" of the CDC Well-Integrated Screening and Evaluation for Women Across the Nation (WISEWOMAN) that, as The Hill describes, resulted from "a coordinated effort within the CDC to misrepresent data given to Congress so that it appeared the program was involving more women than it actually was."
"Irregular (if not questionable) relationships" between top CDC officials and Coca-Cola that was reported in a HuffPost blog by Carey Gillam in June and which resulted in the "immediate departure" of Barbara Bowman, former director of CDC's Division for Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention.
The SPIDER group complains that as CDC scientists, the integrity of their work has been compromised, data "cooked" to make the agency's outcomes look better than they are, and that "this 'climate of disregard' puts many of us in difficult positions. We are often directed to do things we know aren't right…why has the CDC OD turned a blind eye to these things. The lack of respect for science and scientists that support CDC's legacy is astonishing."
Beyond WISEWOMAN and the revelations of collusion with the Coca-Cola corporation, the CDC does indeed have a legacy of some astonishing, but generally dismissed, practices. My rude awakening to this was in 2014 an alarming wake-up call, as I was harassed by a persistent representative of the CDC and Census Bureau who continued to call and to visit my home, insisting that I provide intimate details about my personal health for an extensive and invasive study called the National Health Interview Survey. The survey is voluntary and individuals have the right to decline participation, as detailed in a letter provided by the field worker, and in the interest of preserving the privacy of my personal health information (which I've always been cautioned not to volunteer and which I believed is protected by HIPAA) and because I had been warned by a friend who had been recruited for the survey that "they are stalkers" (which I found impossible to believe at the time). When we spoke by phone, the CDC/Census field worker told me in response to my declination to participate that "no does not mean no to them" (clarifying that by "them," he meant "the government"), "they won't take no for an answer," "someone else will come knocking on your door," and most astonishingly, "they know everything about everybody…that's why the NSA has been tapping everybody's phone calls." I frankly could not make any sense of the conversation and after it transpired wondered whether it had been some sort of paranoid fantasy.
Until this conversation with a CDC representative, I had never questioned the agency's vested interest in supporting public health and wellness, and in my mind that extended to individuals' well being. I was left shaking, feeling like I had just fallen into George Orwell's novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. (Really–I was extraordinarily unsettled for months, and my therapist of five years was irate, concerned that the event had set me back years in my treatment for depression and anxiety.)
This experience prompted research into the CDC, which reminded me that the Center's predecessor, the U.S. Public Health Service, was responsible for initiating and sustaining the infamous syphilis study at Tuskegee, in which the organization conscripted medical doctors who collectively agreed not to treat syphilis among infected black men in order to study the pathological progression of the disease from 1932 until 1972. The result was fully preventable deaths and extraordinary and inhumane suffering of hundreds of human beings – with the indifferent administration of both the federal government's Public Health Service and the doctors who participated in the study. To this day, the CDC website offers a timeline of the study that asks "What went wrong?" Under that heading, which one might expect the organization to admit that the study was wrong, unethical from the beginning. Not so: the CDC states that what went wrong was that "an Associated Press story about the Tuskegee Study caused public outcry." In other words, it makes no admission of unethical behavior–the closest it comes is to point out that "The advisory panel concluded that the Tuskegee Study was 'ethically unjustified'–the knowledge gained was sparse when compared with the risks the study posed for its subjects." This semi-admission of culpability follows the excuse that "the men had agreed freely to be examined and treated." (The men were not treated for syphilis although all treating doctors were aware that the patients had been infected with it.)
The CDC Legacy in Action: Lyme Disease
CDC SPIDER scientists have expressed concern for the "astonishing" practices of the organization. It is telling that this group of federally employed scientists has chosen to express this concern anonymously "for fear of retribution" despite statutes that supposedly protect federal employees from whistleblower retaliation. This begs a serious investigation into whether the Whistleblower Protection Act has any real, enforceable, practical value, or if it is a ruse.
While we would all prefer, and almost all of us have been conditioned, to think that unethical Tuskegee-like actions occur only in history and never in the present, there is presently abundant public outcry about the CDC's handling of at least two infectious diseases: Lyme and the Zika virus.
More people suddenly are becoming familiar with the prevalence and severity of Lyme disease. In 2013, the CDC revised its annual estimate of infection rates from 29,000 to over 329,000 new cases annually. This gave some who live with Lyme disease and the doctors who treat them hope that the acceptance of high prevalence would lead to greater research and care. This has not happened. In fact, the federal government of Canada, which has followed CDC diagnostic and treatment guidelines for Lyme disease to date, is presently convening meetings of its own scientists to develop better treatment protocols for the disease in recognition that the American government–e.g., the CDC–has been negligent in its acknowledgement of science related to Lyme disease.
In 2014, the Canadian House of Commons passed a law called the Federal Framework for Lyme Disease whose preamble states, stunningly, that "the current guidelines in Canada are based on those in the United States and are so restrictive as to severely limit the diagnosis of acute Lyme disease and deny the existence of continuing infection, thus abandoning sick people with a treatable illness."
Given that the bacterium that causes Lyme disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, is closely related to that which causes syphilis, this statement is eerily foreboding when reflecting on the Tuskegee syphilis experiment. All "normal" people have been conditioned to believe that both public health organizations and individual medical doctors are committed to the well being of patients; our history says otherwise, CDC scientists themselves have said otherwise, and this language from the Canadian government clearly states that the U.S. government has "abandoned sick people with a treatable illness."
This corruption is finally getting some media attention. In June, New York City-based news station FOX5NY broadcast "Lyme and Reason," a special dedicated to the Lyme disease epidemic–motivated by the high prevalence of Lyme disease among the news team's families and friends. Earlier in the year, the CDC had refused to participate in an on-camera interview with a Salisbury, Maryland-based ABC News affiliate for Lyme disease awareness month, and so it was encouraging that CDC Chief of Epidemiology and Surveillance Activity of the Bacterial Diseases Branch Paul Meade agreed to be interviewed for the FOX5NY special. If Meade's participation in the interview appeared to have been a baby step toward the CDC acknowledging the severity of Lyme, this was largely undermined by what Meade said during the interview. Following the broadcast, another expert interviewed for the special, Steven Phillips, challenged many of Meade's claims, and FOX5NY asked Meade to respond to Phillips's rebuttals. The response to date has been silence.
Patient Centered Care Advocacy Group founder Bruce Fries created a petition in August asking the CDC to discontinue preferential treatment of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, stating that "despite the fact that the IDSA guidelines are not compliant with current standards and are based on outdated science that has been discredited by a growing body of research, the CDC continues to endorse and promote them while withholding information about competing guidelines from ILADS, which contain information on evidence-based treatments that could improve the health of thousands of chronically ill patients throughout the world." The IDSA's Lyme disease guidelines were the subject of a 2008 antitrust lawsuit by Connecticut Attorney General Richard Blumenthal, which found "serious flaws" and a litany of conflicts of interest. The guidelines were removed this year from the National Guidelines Clearinghouse for being outdated and noncompliant with federal standards and are currently undergoing review.
The CDC Legacy in Action: Zika Virus
Meanwhile, the reason the CDC gave for not being able to participate in the WMDT 47 ABC news interview in May is that "many of our staff are working on the Zika response." Since May, the Zika virus has been touted as a serious public health risk by the CDC and perhaps in even greater measure by mainstream news organizations. The Zika panic can be fairly compared to that which ensued following warnings of swine flu, avian flu, West Nile virus, SARS and many other infectious diseases. To date, 3,936 cases of Zika have been reported among American people, 128 of which have been contracted within the United States. (By comparison, over 300,000 new cases of Lyme diseases are estimated to occur within the United States annually, or over 3 million over the past decade.)
This is not to suggest that raising awareness about the Zika virus is unwarranted; however, the attention and resources allocated to Zika virus prevention are surprising given its limited prevalence: In February, President Obama requested $1.9 billion in emergency funding for Zika-related public health efforts, and U.S. Congress has struggled over the request, with the House proposing $1.1 billion. Only $24 million on average is dedicated by the National Institutes of Health annually to research Lyme disease despite its unquestionably much higher prevalence and known severity.
Purportedly in order to stem the spread of the Zika virus, federal agencies have authorized the aerial spraying of Naled, a potent pesticide, over areas that are determined to be high-risk areas for Zika. While the CDC and EPA claim that Naled poses little to no risk to human beings, the chemical is listed as acutely "moderately to highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation and dermal adsorption" with chronic exposure causing "impaired memory and concentration, disorientation, severe depressions, irritability, confusion, headache, speech difficulties, delayed reaction times, nightmares, sleepwalking and drowsiness or insomnia. An influenza-like condition with headache, nausea, weakness, loss of appetite, and malaise has also been reported," according to Extension Toxicology Network, a collaboration of Cornell University, Michigan State University, Oregon State University, and University of California at Davis. Remarkably, the effects of Naled can be strikingly similar to those of Zika virus infection itself–including potentially causing serious birth defects among children born to pregnant women who are exposed to the chemical.
Despite assertions that Naled is poses no risk to human beings or the environment, it was widely reported in September that millions of bees were killed by Naled spraying in South Carolina, supposedly in an effort to control Zika.
Juan Declet-Barreto, Kendall Science Fellow on Environmental Justice and Climate Policy at the Union of Concerned Scientists, told me in an email that "The EPA and CDC haven't been transparent about their plans to spray and this has been a big problem, at least in Puerto Rico, where there is a long history of public distrust of the federal government." He went on:
This distrust is warranted. We know that the federal government tested toxic defoliation chemicals like Agent Orange in Puerto Rico in the 1950s and 60s as per their own records. When it was reported a few months that Naled would be sprayed, there was a public uproar. The CDC tried to reassure people by issuing a fact sheet, which said Naled is safe to spray "under certain conditions," but it's not clear that those conditions were actually met. As has been reported, the mosquito that carries Zika (Aedes aegypti) is an indoor mosquito and EPA has said that Naled must be sprayed aerially and is not for indoor use. Mosquito expert Duane Gubler, who led the 1987 CDC Naled-spraying campaign in Puerto Rico to fight the ongoing dengue epidemic there, has been quoted clarifying the conditions under which Naled would be effective in combating an indoor mosquito, which diverge from CDC's claims. In addition, the CDC instructed people to stay indoors when spraying occurred, but never notified communities when their neighborhoods would be sprayed.
"The way this unfolded," Declet-Barreto wrote, "shows that the federal government has a long way to go when it comes to transparency and rebuilding trust with certain communities."
The CDC Legacy in Action: Unrestrained Corruption?
Indeed, his words echo the statements of CDC scientists themselves who represent themselves as CDC SPIDER, and are reflected by the CDC's confounding history that oftentimes has made inexplicable and sometimes unethical decisions that appear to be motivated by political interests and financial conflicts of interest, and which undermine the CDC's own mission to protect public health.
CDC scientists, independent scientists, the governments of Canada and Puerto Rico, news organizations and Lyme disease patients, specialists and advocacy groups have petitioned the CDC to improve its transparency and to reform its practices, and also have petitioned U.S. Congress to investigate the CDC for conflicts of interest–so far to no avail.
Posted on October 23, 2016 5 By artistlike	Uncategorized Posted in Uncategorized Tagged #CDC, Commentary, Ethics, Journalism, News, Politics, Transparency
artistlike
writer, painting, liver with chronic lyme disease, gay man, looking for respectful imaginative people with whom to associate and experience life
Mel Thornburg
CDC didn't have any problems dumping genetically altered bacteria in Mosquitoes in US knowing you all already had Epstein Borreliosis AIDS infinite antigenic variation. Then Killing millions of Bee's with toxin sprays knowing they already have your real AIDS too.
CDC are nothing more than a Crime Disease Corporation. https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=10207454356991238&id=1657389649&ref=bookmarks&notif_t=share_reply
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dianedraytonbuckland
Reblogged this on dianedraytonbuckland.
Wendy Inglis
Excellent and informative article which highlights concerns over the CDC s ethical and moral actions .
Thank you, Wendy.
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Q: Android - relationship between Fragment and Activity
my question is really simple: can I create/start a Fragment from an Activity, and vice versa? And how can I do that?
I need to implement this for my app, and I read discordant opinions on the web. Some say that you can only open fragments from other fragments, other say that it's possible but you shouldn't do that, instead you should open fragments only from activities. I'm a bit confused.
I found different ways to do one thing or another, but none worked. The only thing that worked for me was create an Activity from an Activity. What I need to do is to start an Activity from a Fragment, or a Fragment from a Fragment.
Before doing any kind of re-implementation I'd like to understand what of this can actually work, and why the other not.
Thanks everyone, any hint is welcome.

A: Fragments have been introduced since Android Honeycomb (3.0) and are a very important concept in developing and designing your apps.
To answer your questions, you can start a fragment from your activity and you can also start activities from your fragments. You can also start fragments from other fragments. You can use them to make your code much more adaptable by replacing them in tab layouts, or master-detail layouts.
There's a lot to read and understand on using fragments and implementing them into your app, so I suggest you read the Android documentation on fragments.

A: Fragments are placed inside activities and their life cycle is heavily tied to the life cycle of the containing activity.
As for "opening" fragments. Are you talking about adding fragments? You can add fragments to activities via code or XML and you can add fragments to fragments (nested fragments).
Launching an activity is possible either way - from fragments or from activities - via intents.

A: Fragment: typically represents a reusable portion of an activity's user interface, but may also represent reusable program logic. You can combine several fragment to create the user interface that make better use of your phone or tablet.
you can easily interchange fragments to make your GUI'S more dynamic.
Fragment must be hosted by an activity  and they can not execute independently.
Fragment they have their own life cycle which mean they can start an app.
for example: they have onCreate() method so the fragment can add their own menu items to host an activity menu.


Despite spending his career on the bench and in the Justice Department, Garland doesn't have much of an ideological paper trail. As many have pointed out, the D.C. Circuit Court deals primarily with regulatory issues, meaning that Judge Garland's record is virtually free of cases on abortion, marriage, or religious liberty. And that's no accident. If President Obama wants to keep up this façade of centrism, he needs someone free of social baggage. But, make no mistake. Garland was carefully vetted. This president is too worried about his activist legacy to put it in the hands of a man who values the very Constitution it defies.
According to Perkins, Garland's 19 years as a judge on the D.C. Circuit Court of Appeals is merely a cover. Perkins' attack is odd, considering that Chief Justice John Roberts, along with Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Clarence Thomas, and the late Antonin Scalia all served on the D.C. Circuit prior to their nominations to the Supreme Court.
If anything, Perkins' questions about Garland's lack of a paper trail on the issues he particularly cares about should increase his desire for a hearing at which the nominee could answer questions about his philosophy and track record from Republican senators.
If nothing else, this latest argument demonstrates the conservative movement's inability to find anything in Garland's record that would suggest he is unqualified to serve on the court.


Kit: Entry Level kit is included in the course (valued at over R 5000.00); additional and replenishment products are available for purchase at a discounted rate.
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The course is suitable for those who want to improve their hair styling techniques it will act as a complimentary service that you can provide to clients. With the skills acquired you will be able to add to your personal service offerings within the bridal, fashion, and make-up artistry fields.
Students who complete this course successfully will receive a certificate upon the completion of the exam and after moderation.


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Q: iOSOpenDev Theos - how to run i Used iOSOpenDev with Xcode and I am able to compile a tweak and generate dylib file. Its a simple hello world kind of program which says hello when springboard is restarted.
How do I run it on jailbroken device?
1) I copied the dylib file in /Library/MobileSubstrate/DynamicLibraries/ and its plist file as well.
Then I executed the command killall -HUP SpringBoard.
For the very first time it ran. And then it has not ran ever since even after re-starting the phone several times.
What is the right process to run a theos dylib on a device?
Regards,
Vishal.

A: Aha! Finally resolved the issue. There were actually more then one issues. I had to reinstall Cyida as it was corrupt and a huge learning curve to pass as below.
1) There are multiple ways to develop theos tweaks. The best way is to do it on Mac. Theos installation is required in all cases. So please follow Mac instructions from http://iphonedevwiki.net/index.php/Theos/Getting_Started. But don't run nic.pl to create project.
2) Install iOSOpenDev so that you can develop tweak via xcode itself. iOSOpenDev needs Theos which we installed on step 1. iOSOpenDev will also require dpkg package to be installed via macports.
3) Once done, just create new project via xcode. Pressing the RUN button in xcode only compiles and does not deploy to device. Once all compiling and linking errors are resolved follow below steps to run on actual device.
4) Open Target->build settings->User-Defined->iOSOpenDevDevice - Change this variable value to  the IP of your phone. (You have to have your phone and you Mac on same WIFI). Then just press Command + Shift + I. And it will directly run on your device.
Setting up theos/tweak is not as straight forward as I thought but it fun to explore and figure out.

A: Actually you cannot "run" the dylib, as it's a dynamic library.
You can copy the dylib to the target device through SCP/SSH. By pressing Command + Shift + i in Xcode, iOSOpenDev will do the work for you.
You need to make your iOS device and PC/Laptop in the same WiFi network, and remember to set the iOS device's IP address in ~/.bash_profile.
The wiki pages should help. https://github.com/kokoabim/iOSOpenDev/wiki/_pages

A: In my opinion, creating tweaks using inbuilt theos script is better than iosopendev. If you have issues installing theos, just run the script below and it should be done. I couldn't trace the author of the script. Its by far the best way to install theos and all the other components necessary.
Link: http://goo.gl/Id6sU


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Why Aren't Ann Arbor Residents Mowing Their Lawns Until June?
Lauren Gordon
Lauren Gordon Published: April 19, 2022
Photo by Proinsias Mac an Bheatha on Unsplash
Ahead of Earth Day on April 22nd, the Ann Arbor City Council unanimously passed a new resolution that aims to conserve and protect "environmentally helpful creatures."
Earlier this month the "No Mow May" resolution was passed which encourages residents to forgo cutting their grass until after May 31st, with the hopes of facilitating the growth of dandelions, wildflowers, and other plants that are considered essential food sources to various groups of pollinators across Michigan. And this isn't something new! Communities across the globe have adopted this new trend, with Ann Arbor being the latest.
The resolution states that key pollinators, such as the bee population, "make use of no mow spaces as key floral resources during early spring in the Midwest United States." These pollinators are often threatened by habitat loss (often from mowing), pathogens, and parasites.
The U.S. Department of Agriculture says the critical pollinator population is at a crossroads.
Beginning in 2006, experts noted significant yearly declines in honey bee colonies....Years of research determined the decline was likely attributable to a wide range of stressors such as pests, diseases, pesticides... habitat loss, effects of climate variability, agricultural production intensification...and pollinator or crop management practices.
However, these key pollinators are not just limited to honey bees. Many insects and animals you wouldn't even think of are important players in the cross-pollination process like bats, birds, butterflies, moths, and even wasps! Adds the USDA, "A healthy pollinator population is vital to producing marketable commodities. More than 100 U.S. grown crops rely on pollinators."
The City of Ann Arbor says they are committed to help increase the pollinator population and hopes a month free of mowing is a step in the right direction. However, residents can't let their yards get too out of control as they are still responsible for maintaining public spaces like sidewalks and streets and must keep them free of debris.
Do you think we should bring this "No Mow" practice to West Michigan? I, for one, would love to see something similar here!
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Filed Under: Ann Arbor, Garden
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SPEAK Network Ltd. is registered in England and Wales no. 3922047 SPEAK Network, Events, Support and Training is a registered charity no. 1112979 Registered Office Keith Colman Accountants, Park Farm, Dereham Road, Bawdeswell, Norfolk, NR20 4AA Please do not use this address for correspondence - see the contact pages.


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Damson Cloud started life as a traditional technology company in the mid-2000's by Fintan Murphy while still in school at the young age of 19. Damson was primarily focused on computer repairs in the Dublin area. A year later Donal Murphy joined the business.
We are a family run business and got our name from the tree house we had in our childhood home. Which was a Damson tree! Our Dad used to make Damson jam from the fruit each year and when we were picking a name for the business it seemed like the right fit.
It was our Chief Operations Officer Donal who saw the changes coming in the technology landscape. He pushed Damson to move in this direction very early on, little did we know at the time the importance of this decision for our business. In 2009 the decision was made to begin selling cloud services to our customers. Since then we have sold our old IT support business and focused 100% on Cloud products and services. We now specialise in cloud security and digital transformation and help our customers change the way they work.
Work is such a broad word it can mean anything from driving a bus to changing an IT system to heart surgery. It is the word humans have used to describe the thing they spend most of their lives doing and it is ALWAYS changing. There are always new tools and ways of working. At Damson Cloud we're on a mission to help organisations break apart old ways of working and embrace new ones. We love technology and believe it can enable transformation and innovation when used correctly. We look forward to helping your business on its transformation journey.
Check out our leaders profiles and the company timeline below…
Fintan has launched and led a number of Technology businesses over the last decade. Fintan has gained significant expertise in training, change management and public speaking throughout his career and regularly speaks about Cloud Computing at many conferences.
Fintan Murphy
Donal Murphy has 20 years experience in the IT industry. Donal has an in-depth knowledge of G Suite and Google Cloud having worked with Google solutions for over a decade. His role as COO involves project management, development, deployment and support.
Donal Murphy
Rahim has over 25 years experience in enterprise IT; bringing a wealth of expertise from organisations such as Beazley Plc, Avanade, and Saltmine. Rahim advises the Damson Cloud on the latest technology and solutions for our customers
Rahim Hirani
Damson Cloud Timeline
Damson Technologies is founded. The name comes from the Damson tree in our family home where we had our Tree House.
Damson Technologies begins selling cloud services to its customers including an early version of G Suite.
Damson Cloud join the nascent Google Cloud Re-seller program.
Donal, Fintan, and Rahim meet. They soon decide to merge their business to create Damson Cloud!
Damson Cloud expand its offering by announcing partnerships with Bettercloud, Backupify and Cloudmanger.
Damson Cloud announces new contracts with ZPG owner of Zoopla.co.uk and Brown Bag Films Europe largest animation house.
Damson Cloud partner with Happeo (formerly Universe) and Virtru to bring the digital Workspace and increased security to its customers.
Damson Cloud are chosen as one of the worlds first Google Voice Partners for the global launch of Google Voice at Next 2019.
2020 – COVID-19
Helped customers transition smoothly to remote working with G Suite during the worlds largest global pandemic.


Double clicking on a component in Treehouse brings up a properties list, which you can edit. My question is, how does this information get saved back to the part file? If I change a value and save and exit Treehouse, and then open up the part, the property that I changed in Treehouse did not change. But if I open up Treehouse again, it shows that the property of that part DID change. Doesn't make any sense. What am I missing?
Re: Change properties with treehouse?
I think I answered my own question. You have to use the export function and select the folder that the files are in.
And from 2019 you can even add new custom/configuration properties and delete the existing ones inside treehouse, previously this functionality was not there.
I thought that 2019 is in BETA ??


NEW YORK, Nov. 8, 2018 /PRNewswire/ -- Parents, the most trusted brand and leading voice for millennial moms, today announced the Best Baby Gear of 2018 for infants and newborns. This year, Parents received 64,311 votes for products across 17 different categories revealing the top favorite picks and must-have baby gear for families across the nation. Featured in the 2018 list is the best stroller, bottle, swaddle and other items that help make parenting a newborn easier.
"Our editors at Parents are thrilled about this year's best baby gear awards, because the winners were chosen by moms and dads who trust these products for their own children," said Liz Vaccariello, Editor-in-Chief of Parents. "We know that these are the items that parents want and use for their baby's first year of life and we are so impressed by all of the comfort, functionality and convenience of the winners."
The Parents brand, the leading source of busy, millennial moms, reaches nearly 12 million readers monthly through an award-winning magazine and nearly 10 million through its digital platforms. With a 90+ year history of delivering trusted content, Parents provides an empowering voice that helps parents make the best decisions for their families while celebrating the joy of raising healthy, happy children. Parents magazine is published monthly by Meredith Corporation with a rate base of 2.2 million.


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EN EL AMOR
PHOTO GALLERY & MEDIA
MUSICIAN BIOGRAPHIES
Anderleto - Natasa Mirkovic/En El Amor
Sephardic Music from Eastern Europe
Nataša Mirković Vocals & Percussion
Michel Godard Serpent
Jarrod Cagwin Percussion
Ever since her youth, the singer Nataša Mirković has been fascinated by the hardly-known Sephardic songs from her native Bosnia-Herzegovina. With the new program EN EL AMOR she is fulfilling a long-held dream. She sets off on a personal journey using arrangements of traditional Sephardic songs. The ballads, wedding songs and romances tell everyday stories about love, transience and longing. Nataša Mirković carefully frees these songs from any pathos, reduces them down to the essentials and presents us with folk songs of breathtaking poetry and simplicity.
Additionally, she invites two congenial partners on board who, like Mirković, are highly versed in diverse musical worlds and genres and are masters of their instruments:
As a serpent player (the ancestor of the tuba), Michel Godard is a musical wanderer who has a deep and broad understanding of music and crosses between the worlds of Baroque music and jazz with ease. With his playing, he explores over and over again his own limits, creating new worlds of sound through brilliant improvisation, a flexibility on the instrument and innovation.
Jarrod Cagwin, performing on oriental percussion instruments, is a master of groove and is a true magician - an artist who, like no other in the world, is at home in Indian and Middle Eastern percussion. His musical spirit and simplicity in the performance, his passion for innovation and enormous precision on the instrument sets him apart from others. Mr. Cagwin is known around the world for his unique sound on the frame drum.
Ms. Mirković was inspired by Jagoda Flory from Sarajevo, the artist and Grande Dame of Sephardic music. As a singer, musician, composer, teacher and ethnomusicologist who emigrated to the United States, she not only collected Sephardic songs from her home, she also recorded them, arranged them anew and released albums such as Kantikas Di Mi Nona and Memories of Sarajevo in order to prevent Sephardic songs from Bosnia and Herzegovina from falling into oblivion.
CD & Digital Download available from Carpe Diem Records.
Awarded best Border Crossing project and recording for 2017 from the German Record Critics Association (Grenzgange, PDSK)
DD formats include: MP3, WAV, 24-Bit FLAC(96/192)
"En El Amor" is a fascinating collaboration between two well-known jazz musicians with the Bosnian singer Nataša Mirković. On this album, the singer performs songs from her childhood in Bosnia: Ancient Sephardic traditionals that are still being sung by the people of the Balkan area today. She clearly draws inspiration from her ancestral roots, while at the same time the three musicians arrange these old songs in a new and experimental context that transcends time, culture and tradition. Recorded in the breathtaking acoustics of the former synagogue of St. Pölten in Austria, this album becomes a total work of art fusing ancient and new, religious and secular, traditional and modern artistic expression."


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An intervention is one thing which may start today, and doesn't have to wait until the individual reaches an all time low as many people think. So the first task is usually to go with a drug treatment center which may effectively address any sort of addiction, and when choosing understand that inpatient and residential facilities in Brinkley which offer long-term rehabilitation possess the best track records of doing so. Individuals usually stay in a rehab setting in such a program where they may be rehabbed without being distracted and without their forward progress being sabotaged. And since long-term centers are prepared to accommodate clients for many months oftentimes, these centers are of sufficient length to provide rehab in a manner which can completely handle every addiction issue. Once this kind of program has been selected, a rehabilitation counselor can help organize an intervention without delay.
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text:
Kannibal Kapers is a 1935 short animated film by Columbia Pictures featuring the comic strip character Krazy Kat.

Plot
Krazy is riding away at sea on a life ring, perhaps from a ship that sunk. His life ring suddenly catches a large fish which promptly hurls him onto a tree on the shore. On that tree a spidermonkey picks up and places him on a platter which is then carried away by a cannibal chef. The cannibal chef carries Krazy to the chief of the cannibal tribe. The cannibal chief, however, finds Krazy not having enough flesh, and therefore refuses to eat him. The wife of the chief comes by and develops affection for him.

To treat the cannibal couple for sparing his life, Krazy decides to entertain them by dancing and being the conductor of their orchestra. Krazy then conducts, and the orchestra is performing in a more upbeat fashion. The performance goes as planned until Krazy is approached by a cannibal woman who seems to be bothered by the music. When Krazy does not notice her, the woman kicks him. The kick sends Krazy airborne onto much of the orchestra who are most disturbed. The musicians gang on him but Krazy is able to escape. But while he runs, a double bass player grabs and shoots Krazy like an arrow projected by a bow. The cartoon ends with Krazy falling back into the sea.

Reception
National Exhibitor (Jan 3, 1936): "Krazy, as a castaway, lands on an island inhabited by savages who run a night club, "Coconut Grove". In the absence of any interesting plot Mintz has savages run through various dance forms and the hot-cha orchestra displays the versatility with instruments that only a cartoon will allow. Result so-so."

Motion Picture Review Digest (June 10, 1936): "This pictures the feline on a cannibal isle, embellished with a Cocoanut Grove, where night club entertainment is in vogue. It is poorly done and not recommended."

See also
 Krazy Kat filmography

References

External links
Kannibal Kapers at the Big Cartoon Database

1935 short films
American animated short films
American black-and-white films
1935 animated films
Krazy Kat shorts
Columbia Pictures short films
1930s American animated films
Columbia Pictures animated short films
Screen Gems short films

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Q: Why is all() slower than using for-else & break? I've been fooling around with problem 7 from project Euler and I noticed that two of my prime finding methods are very similar but run at very different speeds.
#!/usr/bin/env python3

import timeit

def lazySieve (num_primes):
    if num_primes == 0: return []
    primes = [2]
    test = 3
    while len(primes) < num_primes:
        sqrt_test = sqrt(test)
        if all(test % p != 0 for p in primes[1:]):  # I figured this would be faster
            primes.append(test)
        test += 2
    return primes

def betterLazySieve (num_primes):
    if num_primes == 0: return []
    primes = [2]
    test = 3
    while len(primes) < num_primes:
        for p in primes[1:]: # and this would be slower
            if test % p == 0: break
        else:
            primes.append(test)
        test += 2
    return primes

if __name__ == "__main__":

    ls_time  = timeit.repeat("lazySieve(10001)",
                             setup="from __main__ import lazySieve",
                             repeat=10,
                             number=1)
    bls_time = timeit.repeat("betterLazySieve(10001)",
                             setup="from __main__ import betterLazySieve",
                             repeat=10,
                             number=1)

    print("lazySieve runtime:       {}".format(min(ls_time)))
    print("betterLazySieve runtime: {}".format(min(bls_time)))

This runs with the following output:
lazySieve runtime:       4.931611961917952
betterLazySieve runtime: 3.7906006319681183

And unlike this question, I don't simply want the returned value of any/all.
Is the return from all() so slow that if overrides it's usage in all the but most niche of cases?  Is the for-else break somehow faster than the short circuited all()?
What do you think?
Edit: Added in square root loop termination check suggested by Reblochon Masque
Update: ShadowRanger's answer was correct.
After changing
all(test % p != 0 for p in primes[1:])
to
all(map(test.__mod__, primes[1:]))
I recorded the following decrease in runtime:
lazySieve runtime:       3.5917471940629184
betterLazySieve runtime: 3.7998314710566774

Edit: Removed Reblochon's speed up to keep the question clear.  Sorry man.

A: I may be wrong, but I think that every time it evaluates test % p != 0 in the generator expression, it's doing so in a new stack frame, so there's a similar overhead to calling a function. You can see evidence of the stack frame in tracebacks, for example:
>>> all(n/n for n in [0])
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <genexpr>
ZeroDivisionError: integer division or modulo by zero

A: It's a combination of a few issues:

*

*Calling builtin functions and loading and executing the generator code object is semi-expensive to set up, so for small numbers of primes to test, the setup costs drown out the per test costs

*Generator expressions establish an inner scope; variables not being iterated over need to go through normal LEGB lookup costs, so every iteration inside all's generator expression needs to look up test to make sure it hasn't changed, and it does so via a dict lookup (where local variable lookup is a cheap lookup in a fixed size array)

*Generators have a small amount of overhead, particularly when jumping in and out of Python byte code (all is implemented at the C layer in CPython)

Things you can do to minimize the difference or eliminate it:

*

*Run on larger iterables for the test (to minimize effect of setup costs)

*Explicitly pull test into the local scope of the generator, e.g. as a silly hack all(test % p != 0 for test in (test,) for p in primes[1:])

*Remove all bytecode execution from the process by using map with C builtins, e.g. all(map(test.__mod__, primes[1:])) (which also happens to achieve #2, by looking up test.__mod__ once up front, rather than once per loop)

With a large enough input, #3 can sometimes win over your original code, at least on Python 3.5 (where I microbenchmarked in ipython), depending on a host of factors. It doesn't always win because there are some optimizations in the bytecode interpreter for BINARY_MODULO for values that can fit in a CPU register that explicitly skipping straight to the int.__mod__ code bypasses, but it usually performs quite similarly.

A: That is an interesting question on a puzzling result, for which I unfortunately don't have a definite answer... Maybe it is because of sample size, or particulars of this calculation? But like you, I found it surprising.
However, it is possible to make lazysieve faster than betterlazysieve:
def lazySieve (num_primes):
    if num_primes == 0:
        return []
    primes = [2]
    test = 3
    while len(primes) < num_primes:
        if all(test % p for p in primes[1:] if p <= sqr_test):
            primes.append(test)
        test += 2
        sqr_test = test ** 0.5
    return primes

It runs in about 65 % of the time of your version, and is about 15% faster than betterlazysieve on my system.
using %%timit in jupyter notebook w python 3.4.4 on an oldish macbook air:
%%timeit
lazySieve(10001)
# 1 loop, best of 3: 8.19 s per loop

%%timeit
betterLazySieve(10001)
# 1 loop, best of 3: 10.2 s per loop


text:
Why Do Squirrels Chase Each Other?
By Remy Melina 2010-08-02T22:12:22Z
(Image: © madmaven | sxc.hu)
The sight of squirrels vivaciously chasing each other across a park lawn or spiraling down a tree trunk is one that everyone is familiar with. But why do they do it?
There are several reasons why squirrels "play tag," and a lot depends on the age and the sex of the squirrels in question.
In adult squirrels, chasing is most often related to establishing or maintaining dominance, which is how they settle territorial disputes, according to John L. Koprowski, a squirrel expert and professor of wildlife conservation and management at the University of Arizona.
Squirrels will chase or nip at other squirrels that are feeding in their territory, Koprowski said. The up-and-down spiraling pattern around a tree displayed during some chases is a sure sign of a territorial dispute.
Many species of squirrels are territorial, including northern flying squirrels (Glaucomys sabrinus) and American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus). However, other species, such as the fox squirrel (Sciurus niger), are not. Grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis), which are among the most common squirrels in the United States, are not territorial, but they also use chasing as a way to show other squirrels who's the boss.
"Eastern gray squirrels are not territorial but do form dominance hierarchies in which they establish dominance over each other," said Michael Steele of Wilkes University in Pennsylvania, who has studied squirrel behavior. "Establishing dominance involves aggression and chasing."
Another form of chasing, although in a different pattern, takes place in the late winter or very early spring, when adult squirrels start looking for a mate. The males chase females as part of the mating process, using a slow-paced, following technique during which they use scent to assess the female's reproductive state, according to Koprowski.
The final kind of chasing behavior is seen in young squirrels, who happily chase each other around in the same way that puppies and kittens "play act" fighting, Koprowski told Life's Little Mysteries.
"Juvenile squirrels chase for much more playful reasons and will chase each other or their motherfather's don't provide care or assist in raising young in any wayas they try to develop coordination, strength, and skills...and perhaps just for fun!"
Got a question? Email it to Life's Little Mysteries and we'll try to answer it. Due to the volume of questions, we unfortunately can't reply individually, but we will publish answers to the most intriguing questions, so check back soon.


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text:
Stained glass window of the fire of the Holy Spirit descending on Mary and the Apostles on Pentecost. At Saint Alphonsus Liguori Church, in Saint Louis, Missouri.
From the Jewish Encyclopedia:
Pentecost: Name given by the Greek-speaking Jews to the festival which occurred fifty days... after the offering of the barley sheaf during the Passover feast... It is called, too, the "closing season of the Passover"...
The traditional festival of Pentecost as the birthday of the Torah (= "the time our Law was given"), when Israel became a constitutional body and "a distinguished people," remained the sole celebration after the Exile...
Pentecost marks the closing of the Paschal season. The descent of the Holy Spirit as tongues of fire led to the Apostles preaching in all tongues, to all nations. It marks the birthday of the Catholic — that is, universal — Church, which is made up of all nations and not just God's chosen nation of Israel. With the gifts of the Holy Spirit, we have the Law written on our hearts, and not just on tablets of stone.
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