Thanks in part to the popularity of Github, I love that team code reviews are "a thing" now.
I started participating in code reviews in my first job out of college… granted, we didn't have fancy support for it, I would simply email code to my mentors and wait for the feedback (keep in mind, those email address had ! characters instead of @). The systems we have now are quite helpful, but I wanted to talk about the other aspects of code reviews.
It is these two bullets that I would like to share what I currently think are the best ideas surrounding code reviews.
I mean, take your time in writing your comments. I often edit a comment three times to make sure it is kind and respectful. Since we all take pride in our code, reviews can make any of us a bit sensitive.
Make sure your suggestion is clearly explained, as hastily written comments may be misunderstood, causing unnecessary rewrites, pull requests, further reviews.
Review comments don't have to only be about improvements. Pat your coworker on the back, and call out the good code and ideas associated with the changes.
My new approach that I'm starting is leaving little beer emojis to indicate that I owe that teammate a beer for doing writing a particular gem, or solving a bug that has plagued me.
While the top-level engineering promotions at most companies require a significant amount of mentoring, since you are really intelligent, you should get into the practice of mentoring others anyway. As such, start including more "why" explanations, including code examples, deep links into style guides, and references to existing code that may illustrate your point.
I think we've all been on the steeper parts of technological learning curve and received a "do it my way" review with zero justification. By explaining the "why", not only does the code gets better, the team gets better too!
Careful. Do not go to the dark side with this suggestion and start 'splaining (I think you know what I'm referring to). Perhaps we should change the term from mentor to sensei, as one definition of that term I've heard is: one who is further ahead on the path; which characterizes a teacher as one who can look back along a path and say, "Watch your step there, that's a particularly slippery spot. If you do fall, it's okay, because I fell too." It's a compassionate approach to teaching, which we should all adopt.
Now that I'm experienced (I'm not quite old just yet), I can look back at my life and see how many times I was absolutely certain about many things, that I now see to be completely incorrect…laughably wrong. Sure, I should expect my experience should be more valuable now, but I still might be wrong.
You can be wrong too. Obviously, not all the time, but you can never be too sure. Don't take this advice as an urge to limit your comments, but in the conversation that occurs, recognize your teammates perspective is valid too.
We can agree that writing code is quite subjective, almost artistic, right? This means we have many ways of express a solution to a problem in code, so be open to other approaches.
Time for a story. Every time I run the linter on my Python code, it complains bitterly about my use of map, filter and reduce, and claims I should use a comprehension. Perhaps this may date me, but these functions are my bread and butter, as they seem so clear to me. Comprehensions, on the other hand, seem verbose and clutter intention. However, I usually rewrite them as my other colleagues agree with the linter and feel it is easier to read.
If you had posted some code, which of the following three comments would you rather see?
Since the function called is a single line, and only called here, let's inline the function.
Do you think that since this function is a single line, and only called here, would it be more understandable to inline it?
While they all state the same request, I'd argue the last one is the nicest. First, since we've already established that we might not have all the context and be wrong, asking a question not only softens the request, but initiates a dialog, not a response.
The other feature it brings is an ego-supporting back-door for both of you. Since this isn't a direct command, the author may be more willing to accept the comment, but if the author responds with clarifying information why it should stay, you too, are more apt to accept it since it was just a question.
This tip is golden, and I often rephrase all my suggestions as questions.
I'm sure that Mrs. McDougal told you in 8th Grade English class to never use the passive voice and to rewrite your sentence with an active participant, I feel the passive voice deflects criticism from the author and to the code.
Add a comment to the complex algorithm you wrote.
With such a complex algorithm, we should add a clarifying comment.
With such an innovative approach to solving this problem, should we add a clarifying comment explaining it, or should we break out some of the expressions into functions that we could name to help the reader follow the logical flow?
While this may be obvious, our goal should always be to foster and grow a team, so don't leave snarky or condescending comments. Even if you are the team lead with ultimate responsibility for code quality, outright commands may seem heavy-handed, and build underlying resentment.
Also, be careful with the jokes, and no, adding an emoji doesn't make a dig funny.
I wrote this to start a discussion. What advice would you suggest to help further the goals of code quality as well as team building?
Thanks to Ken for reviewing this and your wisdom… oh, and for the great definition of sensei.


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Ochirbat Nasanburmaa (born 14 April 1989) is a female wrestler from Mongolia.

References

External links

 Women freestyle ranking May, 2013; Rank:1

Living people
1989 births
Mongolian female sport wrestlers
Asian Games medalists in wrestling
Wrestlers at the 2010 Asian Games
Sportspeople from Ulaanbaatar
World Wrestling Championships medalists
Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic wrestlers of Mongolia
Asian Games silver medalists for Mongolia
Medalists at the 2010 Asian Games
Universiade medalists in wrestling
Wrestlers at the 2018 Asian Games
Universiade silver medalists for Mongolia
Medalists at the 2013 Summer Universiade
20th-century Mongolian women
21st-century Mongolian women

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Last night I went to a pre wedding Sangeet Party. OMG what a party. Apart from being photography heaven with all the wonderful colours, it was the atmosphere, the welcome, the food. Such a happy evening.
That certainly looks very bright.
beautiful vibrant colors! very lovely shot!


"The whole reason why we built this is because we feel that we want to show customers that MSI can do everything that could be put into a computer. That's why we used the highest end of technology in every single spectrum."
The list price....about 18 hundred dollars. Considering that it can do double duty as a 3D TV and Blu-ray player, the price doesn't seem out of line. You can find us with archives, interviews and more at BootCamp.com. I'm Fred Fishkin.


text:
Yiddish Theater: A Love Story
The Director Dan Katzir and producer Ravit Markus will be conducting Q & A's following the 12:00 and 5:30 showings at the Music Hall.
One of the TOP 10 DOCUMENTARIES of 2007 by Jennifer Merrin of ABOUT.COM !!! "Charming... an irreplaceable record of a life and a movement." (Kenneth Turan, L.A. Times)
This film is in English.
Enter the funny, larger-than-life world of Yiddish theater with this doc about the woman who has kept the oldest Yiddish theater in the U.S. alive. This story of one unique woman's struggle portrays the fight of both an old art form to stay relevant and an old actress to find meaning and a stage in a society that worships youth.
http://www.yiddish…
Dan Katzir
Zypora Spaisman, Felix Fibich, Julie Alexander, Joad Kohn, Hy Wolfe, Sally, Jechiel Dobekirer, Roni Neuman Scholars Dovid Katz, Nahma Sandrow
Monica Film Center 12.08.07 - 3.16.08
Lumiere Music Hall 3.21.08 - 4.03.08
Yiddish Theater: A Love Story Get Tickets

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Eunice Kennedy Shriver Intellectual & Developmental Disabilities Research Centers (EKS-IDDRCs)
Current Sites
This program, established 1 year after NICHD's founding, supports researchers whose goals are to advance understanding of a variety of conditions and topics related to intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs). NICHD's Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Branch (IDDB) funds the program, which includes 15 research centers, located at universities and children's hospitals throughout the country.
Centers are encouraged to have cores to provide infrastructure support for IDD-relevant investigator projects, but they must also support a Clinical Translational Core to promote development of clinical applications from basic science discoveries. Centers must also support an entirely new research component project that uses the cores of the center and addresses one of the five themes identified at the 2012 workshop Charting a New Course for IDD Research, at which thought leaders from the IDD and affiliated communities formulated themes that represented new opportunities for IDD research over the next 5 to 15 years:
Comprehensive "–omic" approaches to IDDs
Outcomes measures for interventions or treatments
Multi-modal treatment approaches
Shared resources across IDDRCs for treatment or assessment
Public health approaches to IDDs
Since the start of the new mechanism, centers have offered a variety of different research services through their cores, including bioinformatics and biostatistics; genomic, proteomic, and metabolomics facilities; cellular neuroimaging and optogenetic services; neuroimaging, including MRI, DTI, and spectroscopy; and animal and human behavioral testing. Specific research projects have included evaluation of animals and humans with ASDs, multimodal treatment studies in Fragile X syndrome, and studies of complementary treatments.
Many studies involve collaborations with researchers outside the program to leverage multiple funding sources. Although the centers differ in many aspects, including their scientific focus, size, lifespan, and history, they share a commitment to creating integrated research opportunities for investigators engaged in basic, clinical, and translational science related to IDDs.
Areas of research for center investigators have included:
Chromosomal conditions that cause IDDs, such as Prader-Willi, Angelman, Williams, and Down syndromes
Conditions identified by newborn screening associated with cognitive impairment
X-chromosome disorders, such as Rett and Fragile X syndromes
Disorders that involve biochemical processes and metabolic issues related to brain functioning, brain injury, or long-term consequences to the brain, such as hypoxia, very low birth weight, phenylketonuria, and prenatal malnutrition
Biological or biochemical mechanisms that cause behavioral problems, such as, self-injurious behavior and impairments in language development
Children's Hospital Boston
Children's Research Institute/Children's National Medical Center
University of Kansas, Lawrence
University of Wisconsin, Madison
NICHD Contact: Melissa Parisi
Need data? EKS-IDDRCs studies are now available in NICHD's Data and Specimen Hub (DASH).
Browse studies and request data for your research.
Content OwnerIntellectual and Developmental Disabilities BranchLast Reviewed Date 3/8/2018


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'Hamilton' Fan Video Shows How 'Satisfied' and 'Helpless' Are Perfectly Synced
The best part of Hamilton on Disney+: Being able to watch the film version of the Broadway show over and over for all the details that are impossible to observe live in a theater (assuming you can even afford to see Hamilton multiple times — or could score tickets even once!). One of Hamilton's biggest showstoppers is "Satisfied," sung by Renée Elise Goldsberry, which reveals the tortured inner life of Angelica Schuyler, Alexander Hamilton's sister-in-law. After Hamilton meets and marries his wife Eliza, Angelica gives a toast at the wedding that turns into "Satisfied." During the song, Angelica unburdens herself to the audience, explaining how she loves Hamilton but kept her emotions to herself for a variety of reasons.
When Angelica describes what happened, the entire show rewinds, and we see the scenes of Hamilton and Eliza's meeting play out again from Angelica's perspective. It's an impressive feat of stagecraft — but viewed linearly in the show you can't quite appreciate just how well the show recreates the earlier scenes, down to specific lighting cues and even tiny gestures by the actors.
A user on YouTube actually synced up "Satisfied" with the earlier events from Hamilton, and viewing them side-by-side the results are truly impressive. Take a look:
Seeing the effect in person was cool, but seeing them side-by-side on video, it's staggering how well they recreated the earlier scenes. Y'know what? I think Hamilton might be a really good show! It is streaming exclusively on Disney+.
Gallery — Movies We Cannot Believe Are Available on Disney+:
Source: 'Hamilton' Fan Video Shows How 'Satisfied' and 'Helpless' Are Perfectly Synced
Filed Under: Disney Plus, hamilton, Lin-Manuel Miranda
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Watch President Joe Biden's 'Celebrating America' Special
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It was no stopping for the Apatani community of Itanagar who celebrated Dree festival with traditional pomp and fervour at the Dree ground on Thursday braving heavy downpour.
Greeting the tribe on the festive occasion, Deputy Chief Minister Chowna Mein extolled the Apatanis' zeal in preserving their age-old culture and tradition.
"We have many things to learn from Apatani brothers, right from cultivating techniques to forest conservation culture. Ziro valley is truly a pride of Arunachal," the Deputy Chief Minister said, citing renowned chef Vikas Khanna's flattering description of his recent visit to the valley.
Mein urged the Apatanis to lead from the front in the socio-economic arena and take other backward communities along.
He also said that the State Government is putting efforts to ensure early recognition of Ziro valley as a world heritage site.
Former Chief Minister Nabam Tuki, who was among the participants, also greeted the Apatani tribe on the occasion, and acknowledged its contribution in areas of human resource development and education.
He said Ziro valley has led in several areas, such as cultivation, cleanliness, forest conservation, and cultural tourism, and encouraged the tribe to continue contributing to state-building.
A skit depicting the Dree mythology and how the tribe's ancestors started cultivating rice was the centre of attraction. The presentation of Daminda dance also added lusture to the colourful festival.


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Big pharma and healthcare providers join forces to promote wellbeing
When the G8 met in London in December 2013 to consider the global challenge of dementia, something new and different happened.
Rather than being on the outside, the pharmaceuticals and biotech industries were included in the discussion of how to meet the challenge of caring for a projected 100 million people with Alzheimer's disease by 2050.
"It brought together academics, researchers, regulators, scientists and pharmaceuticals companies in a way that was very new and very different," says Karen Manson, senior director for global citizenship and sustainability at Janssen, a research-based pharmaceuticals company.
Source: The Guardian (link opens in a new window)
health care, healthcare technology, pharmaceutical industry, public private partnerships


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By AsuquoEJanuary 30, 2023
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I wanted to share these little fall pillows today, some bad news something happened to my pictures , sorry. I will do the best I can to explain how I did it. If you are fairly sew savvy you will be able to do them too!
I bought a full roll of burlap, I have been doing tons with that burlap. This first pillow I love. First I made a black and white checkerboard center using 1 1/2 inch squares sewn together with 1/4 inch seams ending up with 1 inch finished square, sew 8 across and then sew 8 rows to make a big square.
My leaves are some of the hand dyed wool felt that I made and I cut them with my sizzix, You can find leaf images on google and do same thing, use wool to cut out your leaves so no fraying problems.
Arrange your leaves around the edge of your checkerboard circle, my leaves go in multiple directions.
Sew with a nice variegated thick thread in Autumn colors and kinda make a circle catching the leaves and trying to sew a "stem", I went around twice in a wiggle pattern, you can see on the one picture.
I added black piping and backing and done, very pretty and different for fall!
The next pillow was something I made up while playing with my silhouette cameo, I love my cutting machine, still trying to learn the tricks of the trade with it. I used a font that I purchased from hungryjpg.com, (possibly affliate link) I love their stuff. You have to do a nice chunky font. Then I cut it, following the instructions, out of Glitter heat transfer vinyl ( don't forget to reverse it before cutting!). I used my iron to adhere it to a 12x 16 piece of white canvas.
Guess what my piping is made out of? A towel I got from Marshalls for like $6. I have done so many things with that stupid towel. I cut bias strips 1 3/4 inch wide, sewed them together and made piping, attached to my pillow then finished off the back. I had to sew the thick parts with my foot elevated and I just slowed down sewing. I like it, just a different look, I couldn't figure out what would like nice with the writing. It's simple and adds some texture.
Sorry for the lack of pictures. The projects are simple if you are a comfortable sewer, Good Luck and enjoy the Fall season!


#StopBullying • Hashtag on Twitter and JOIN THE CAUSE!
http://WhatsNext.com is planning a special live conversation about cyber bullying and what we can do to #stopbullying once and for all. They'll be joined by The Trevor Project, The Kind Campaign, Do Something, GLSEN, MTV's A Thin Line Campaign, and US! The DigiTour! As well as your favorite online celebrities, and we hope YOU will as well.
You can start getting involved right now via Twitter and YouTube by sharing photos and videos encouraging people to #stopbullying. It's as simple as holding up a sign that says "#stopbullying" and submitting a response to the question: What's one thing we can do to stop bullying?


Twilight Beads is the latest pattern from Joanie Holton and Melanie Greseth of Tailormade By Design. This quilt is constructed with one, simple Flying Geese block that is repeated throughout. By rotating the blocks when assembling the quilt top, a secondary diamond block is magically created. Twilight Beads is perfect for a quilter of any skill level – you would become a Flying Geese pro by the time you finished the quilt!
A really great feature of this pattern is that your quilt can turn out very traditional or completely modern depending upon your fabric choices. Joanie and Melanie used a modern line of fabric from Benartex called Gloaming, which was designed by Shelley Cavanna. Gloaming gives Twilight Beads a distinctly modern feel but if you chose a more traditional line of fabric, you'd end up with a very old-fashioned feel to your quilt.
This pattern is so flexible; it's great one to have on hand for when you need to make a "quick" quilt for someone – perhaps a high school graduate who needs a quilt to take to his/her dorm room. Twilight Beads, finishing at 60 ½" x 77 ½", is the perfect size for a twin bed. Or you could reduce the number of blocks that you sew and make a smaller, baby-sized quilt. The large patches in the center of the Flying Geese are perfect for showcasing your prints and novelty fabrics, making this pattern even more enticing.


text:
Felicia Ceballos-Marroquin
Ceballos-Marroquin
Founder Bulk Food Delivery Truck & Spiffy Rebel
Systems Thinker dedicated to building a
just and regenerative new economy
Felicia Ceballos-Marroquin is an Business Operations Manager by trade. She specializes in the optimization of software systems by using the emerging science of biomimicry, complex adaptive systems and networks.
Her intense curiosity keeps her chasing after emergent technology, and when coupled with her creativity and training as an artist, gives Felicia an edge when it comes to optimizing complex systems for the common good.
While working as a Technical Operations Manager, she brought her sustainability paradigm to work and transformed the business by focusing on building people-centered systems that created long-term productivity and prosperity.
Felicia Ceballos-Marroquin attended the University of California in Berkeley and the Musicians Institute from which she has a degree in Music Business and Vocal Performance. In the past, she has been a publicist for independent musicians, organized community enrichment events for the Getty Foundation and served as the communications chair on the Old Towne Orange Preservation Association.
Wanting to make a larger impact, she started Spiffy Rebel, a vegan and plastic-free personal care product line. She shares her knowledge by teaching soapmaking classes, contributing to the WordPress open source community, and helping businesses increase productivity.
In 2019, she was named as one of the 24 finalists in the National Geographic and Sky Ocean Ventures Ocean Plastic Innovation Challenge, a global search for innovative solutions to help tackle the world's single-use plastic problem.
Her favorite pastimes are hiking, camping and reorganzing her pantry. She currently lives on a coffee plantation in Costa Rica where she studies how culture contributes to a sustainable society.
Leslie Knope is her spirit animal.
© Copyright 2019 Felicia Ceballos-Marroquin · All Rights Reserved


After being bestowed a few hundred pieces of jewelry from a wealthy aunt in NOLA, Robin's curiosity peaked. What did she own? What value did these beautiful antique pieces of jewelry command? How to learn?
Fascinated by their intricate workmanship, glistening gemstones and such attention to the finest detail, she knew she had to research each piece.
No Google, eBay or other sites were thought of then, so Robin headed to the local library where she scoured books on the subject for months. It was definitely time well spent.
Meeting an appraiser of antique jewelry turned into many months of shadowing him to soak up even more knowledge. He was her eyes and she was the ears. At that point, a love affair of fine jewelry began. And so it remains!
Opening her first shop, a cute 600 sq ft "nest", was done on her newfound knowledge and a huge leap of faith. Five years later and the store busting at the seams, Robin moved to 1,400 sq ft cottage, only 2 blocks away. There for over 13 years, countless engagement rings and loyal customers later, she had to take down her shingle. She had worked herself into a stress induced mini stroke. Though she loved every minute of her 18+ years, it was time to pass the baton.
Now living (80% of her time), in Old Mandeville, Louisiana, a quaint town just across Lake Ponchartrain from NOLA, many requested she "begin again". And so she did. Less work hours, a small town atmosphere and new but loyal customers, she's living the semi-retirement dream.
If in the area or driving through, give Robin a call. Set up an appointment, tell her what you are looking for and she will be happy to meet with you. Take a glance through the showcases……never know what estate just came in and you may be the first to view the pieces!
When the famous Texas Antiques Week in Round Top creeps up, you can find Robin in the Campbell Building, downtown Warrenton. Say howdy, grab a hug and peruse the showcases there. Ever changing, this gal has an eye for beautiful pieces at prices to make your wallet sing.


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Power struggle! – Wajid Shamsul Hasan
By crssblog October 13, 2017 October 13, 2017
Leave a Comment on Power struggle! – Wajid Shamsul Hasan
Note: This article by Pakistan's former High Commissioner to the UK, Wajid Shamsul Hasan, quotes our blog titled, Pakistan's Internal Power struggle, written by CRSS Fellow and author Yasmeen Aftab Ali (on 11 October, 2017) that draws Pakistan's political landscape. CRSS welcomes views on the subject for publication on this blog
One of the leading Pakistani columnists and author Yasmeen Ali recently wrote a column titled "Who is running Pakistan?" Keeping the objective conditions in Pakistan today I thought that the headline has been miss spelt and it must be: "Who is ruining Pakistan?" I was wrong.
Yasmeen had taken pains to put forward the proposition as to who is and who should be running it. Being an academic she rightly observed that ideally it should be the government duly elected by the people, of the people and for the people. Then she added new word in dictionary of political science and she says that Pakistan instead of being democratic in nature has turned into 'dynastocratic' for all practical purposes. True. Indeed. Pakistan's position today is both paradoxical and enigmatic. On paper it is democracy and we have an elected government in power but far from it. The man who won the last election with substantive majority and ruled Pakistan for four years has been shown the door on charges of mega corruption by the superior court that has power to interpret the constitution but not the jurisdiction to over ride the wishes of the elected representatives of the people who universally in a democratic polity are sole arbiters. Panama Leaks that have led to the present ongoing crisis could be described as god given opportunity for those who had been fed up with galloping corruption in the high quarters and wanted a stop to it.
And in the process the first to get hit were no other than the former Prime Minister, his daughter and his two sons. Strangely whole edifice of Prime Minister's prosecution was built on charges of acquiring huge wealth through corrupt means. However, he landed up being disqualified on charges of acquiring a work permit in a foreign country with a salary that he insists he did not claim. Not debating whether it was morally right to be Prime Minister of one country and also having work permit of another-the fact that rules in Pakistan only allow one to seek public office after two years of retirement- make him culpable of the high crime in any case since he hid his employment-even if it was on paper.
Without going into the case history or the long catalogue of machinations, wheeling dealings by his family accountant in transferring ill-gotten wealth for investment and purchase of properties abroad including setting up off shore companies-the former prime minister and his immediate family members have been found to be overly tainted. Since Panama Leaks led to resignations of some elected high office holders in other democracies, one perhaps on the concept of high moral ground, expected the former prime minister too to follow their footsteps and present himself for transparent accountability to clear his name.
It was, indeed, music for the years when he came on national television and claimed loud and clear that his hands are clean and that he was ready to show evidence of legitimate means for all the monies that Panama Leaks showed were his or his families. Not only that, he made this declaration in the National Assembly too. What made the whole matter deeply murky was series of contradictions made by all four. One lie led to another more severe than the previous. Forces including his political opponents such as PTI's Imran Khan were offered a life time opportunity by him to take him to the cleaners. When there was a demand by Imran Khan and others that the Prime Minister be taken to task and held accountable for piles of wealth accumulated by him and his family members, my suggestion at that time to him was to take the matter to the Parliament and let it investigate. He had whole team of top lawyers, expert wheeler-dealers in his party and he had resources in abundance, he preferred to get involved in the battle of TORs rather than take the matter to the elected house where the issue could have been resolved in the best collective interests of the members.
He lost his case the very day when he shied away from the Parliament and allowed space to other institutions. Parliament had saved him in 2014 when IK had gone after him in a do or die battle fingered by the invisible umpires who were calling the shots for him. Had former president Asif Ali Zardari not mustered for him parliamentary support, his prime ministership would not survived beyond 2024. However, one cannot help when one does not listen to unsolicited saner advice and his preference is to follow the cronies who encourage him to dig deeper his own grave. Leave aside the element of divine retribution no one in the party tried to revisit him to the possibilities regarding the fate that could be in store for him on the basis of past record and history of Pakistan's highest judiciary. He should have remembered that democracy in Pakistan received its first lethal hit when Chief Justice of Pakistan Justice Muhammad Munir upheld dismissal of the Legislative Assembly in 1954 by a demented Governor General-Malik Ghulam Muhammad followed by yet another ignominiously historical judgment in which the same Chief Justice sanctified General Ayub Khan's martial law in 1958. He set a precedence that has remained an albatross around our necks revisited time and again by the judiciary to keep military dictators in power. Most regretfully the highest judiciary has been ever since playing the role of a second fiddle to the Praetorian establishment. Its fall to the abyss of its own degradation came about when four Punjabi judges of the Supreme Court became directly a party to judicial murder most foul of Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto-not on the merit of the case but to abide by the orders of the blood thirsty dictator General Ziaul Haq. The legality of the fallacious judgment was blown to pieces by three judges of the same Supreme Court from the smaller provinces who found Bhutto Sahib not guilty.
Many other instances can be cited when judiciary has played criminal with democracy but one would suffice here to jog former Prime Minister's memory to the one in which Justice Malik Qayum and his brother judge were ordered by him and pressurized by his hatchet man-his accountability chief and currently his front man– Senator Saifur Rehman– to convict with maximum jail sentence both Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and her husband Asif Zardari post haste in 1999 to pave way for MNS to becoming Ameerul Momineen. Recent blot on judiciary's independence was afflicted when on pressure of former Army Chief, General Pervez Musharraf allegedly involved in the murder of Benazir Bhutto and Akbar Bugti was allowed by the higher court-to leave the country. One may not agree with the insinuations of the PMLN leaders and the convicts that the five- member bench of the Supreme Court that unanimously disqualified the former Prime Minister under some sort of pressure-the fact of the matter is that if there was any, it was moral pressure of the people to see a crippling blow to be dealt at cancerous mega corruption. Senior most judge of the bench Justice Saeed Khosa opened his note with reference to well-known novel of Mario Puzo's "The Godfather" and stated, "In the above mentioned sorry and unfortunate state of affairs a conclusion has appeared to me to be unavoidable and inescapable that in the matter of explaining the wealth and assets respondent No. 1 has not been honest to the nation, to the nation's representatives in the National Assembly and even to this Court." This is a fair indictment of a person found to be overly tainted in mega corruption. Regretfully the way matters are being handled, it seems that there is something more than meets the eye in the prevailing situation of uncertainty. Institutions and individuals must understand when someone is pushed to the wall, he can't go beyond and he knows that if he does not fight he will be killed; as such he develops the mentality of a suicide bomber. That's what we are witnessing in Pakistan today. The former Prime Minister is opening one front after another for his survival. The diatribe by his son-in-law in the National Assembly was a salvo aimed at killing too many birds in one go. Whether Capt ® Safdar achieved his purpose or not, it had a silver lining. Never before had the army as an institution come out so forcefully that it was a national institution that does not have any preference to caste, creed, colour or gender. It was a direct slap on the retired captain's face since he had deliberately with a sinister motive demanded expulsion of all Ahmadies from the armed forces. One can understand the method behind this madness. He believes that his father-in-law is being pursued by professional hunters- hunters who hanged ZAB and who killed BIBI and Bugti. In this case it is both power and his wealth. Power acquired through vote and wealth by bits brash abuse. I am sure they all know in their heart of hearts that they did that but since MNS is the major player in the 'humam' (public bath) of nudies and he too is aware that among nudies are those who possess exclusive right to pull the trigger.
This is a Catch 22 situation. Clash of institutions will inevitably be very costly for the nation. Army Chief General Bajwa has very candidly expressed his concern over the state of national economy. More lethal is the other scenario following Foreign Minister Khawaja Asif's offer to Washington to conduct joint operation against the safe havens of terrorists in Pakistan. He has gone a step further than GPM who had allowed Americans to have bases in our territory and permission to use drones. I have no option other than to agree with Yasmeen Ali's conclusion that the collision with the Judiciary and the Army is nothing but seen as a death wish to attain political martyrdom. Any wrong step can lead to disastrous consequences for democracy as well the federation. Instead of his bid to subjugate the Praetorian establishment, he should be contented that with a sitting majority in Parliament, he continues to rule until at least next election in 2018-irrespective of his disqualification. Realize he must that the "Judiciary cannot dissolve the government per se."
(Author is former High Commissioner of Pakistan to UK, Advisor to Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto and a veteran journalist.)
Source: Weekly, the Nation
Previous Entry Parents of Canadian citizen Joshua Boyle thank Pakistan for rescue
Next Entry Trump puts Iran Deal (and regional stability) at risk; Russia, EU 'still committed to deal'


2014 DODGE JOURNEY SXT - Granite Crystal Metallic with Black Cloth - Awarded a 9.2 out of 10 Total Cost of Ownership Rating from U.S.News, the Dodge Journey was noted for its upscale interior materials by U.S.News. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety gave the Journey the highest rating of Good in four out of five tests. The Journey earned four out of five stars overall from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, with four stars in front and rollover crash tests and five stars in the side crash test. The Journey's cabin has contemporary styling with high-quality materials and a third row allows seating for 7 people.


From rain storms to changes in weather, nature can put homes in the Richmond area through quite a bit. This often leads to leaks and seepage in your basement. While you may think that a small amount of seepage in your Richmond basement is no big deal it can actually cause severe problems for both you and your home.
Basement seepage in your Richmond basement can escalate from a small issue into a major problem, when left unattended. Cracks that are allowing the seepage can grow and the presence of water in your basement can cause mold to grow. Mold can quickly begin spreading around a home and cause health problems. This spreading mold can also rot wood, along with higher humidity levels in your basement. As mildew, mold, and rot spreads through your home, water and moisture can also damage appliances and weaken the foundation of your home.
The best way to stop basement seepage is to get a hold of the professionals at Seal-Tite. A quality basement waterproofing company can solve all of your seepage issues while helping ensure your home does not end up dealing with future seepage problems.
As part of the waterproofing of your basement, you may need cracks sealed, a dehumidifier placed in your basement, and additional drainage set up. In addition to these methods, you may also need to extend downspouts and repair gutters. These basement waterproofing procedures will seal up your basement and stop the seepage problems once and for all.
To get a dryer basement as soon as possible, get on the phone and contact the experts at Seal-Tite and learn more about basement waterproofing.
From hot summers to mild winters and the rain storms in between, there is a lot of nasty weather that can wreak havoc on the homes of Winston-Salem. If you live in the Winston-Salem area, then you should not be surprised if you eventually need to deal with a wet basement.
A wet or flooded basement is more than just a potential danger to the safety of your home it could also lead to health risks for your family. Water and moisture promote the growth of mold. This mold can be dangerous to everyone's health. Additionally, moisture and water can rot wood in your home and cause damage to appliances.
The complete solution to your wet basement issues is basement waterproofing. While there are steps that you could take on your own, a professional from Seal-Tite can ensure your basement is completely sealed and free of the dangers of a wet basement. Despite the benefits of professional basement waterproofing, you may be wondering about the cost.
There are a number of factors to consider when determining the cost of basement waterproofing. First off, you need to consider the labor involved. Next, there are supplies and materials. Additional costs include work site preparation and cleanup. The actual cost of basement waterproofing will vary from home to home, depending on the severity of the problem and what steps need to be taken.
For some Winston-Salem basements, a dehumidifier may be needed or even the installation of a sump pump. These items cost money, so it can be difficult to name an exact price for basement waterproofing until the situation is evaluated.
The first step in getting your basement waterproofed is to call the skilled team at Seal-Tite. They always offer a fair price for all labor and materials. With Seal-Tite, you can rest easy knowing that you are always going to get a fair deal. Contact them today to learn more about basement waterproofing or to get a quote on basement waterproofing services.
Homes in the Bristol area can be prone to water damage and wet basements. From weather to a backed up sewer, there are various reasons that water can start entering your Bristol basement. You may think that a small amount of water in your basement is no big deal; however, it does not take a very long time for this water to start causing serious problems.
The water in your basement can damage electronics and appliances that are kept in your basement. They can become damaged not only from the water sitting in your basement but from the high humidity levels. To get your wet basement problems in check, consider hiring professional basement waterproofing services.
For those living in the Bristol area that need to deal with a wet basement, hire the skilled team at Seal-Tite for any of your basement waterproofing needs. They can send out a professional that will evaluate your situation and come up with an affordable solution.
A dry basement is not just a part of having a safe home for you and your family it can also be the first step in creating additional living space. Before you convert your basement into an additional living room or bedroom, you should ensure that the humidity levels are where they should be and there are no wet basement problems.
If you have a wet basement, then be sure to allow the professionals at Seal-Tite to seal your basement through their quality basement waterproofing process. Make that phone call today.
A lot more goes into taking care of a leaky basement in your Kingsport home than just letting your basement dry out by opening windows and doors. You need to take a proactive approach and hire waterproofing professionals to pinpoint the cause of the leak so they can get it taken care of properly.
If this sounds like you and your home you need to be in touch with Seal-Tite. They have experts who are trained, knowledgeable, skilled, friendly, and they can easily figure out how water is getting in your home and causing the basement to flood on a regular basis. A wet basement can become a serious problem, as water can cause wood rot, structural problems, and it can contribute to the growth of nasty mold and bacteria which could make your family really sick.
As a homeowner with a leaky basement, you need to take care of the problem as quickly as possible. Contact Seal-Tite and allow a professional to come inspect your home and start the waterproofing process.
Basement waterproofing will help ensure your basement does not ever again have a flooding problem. This could involve the installation of sump pumps, drains, dehumidifiers, and more.
Regardless of where your home is in Bristol, TN, you should have a basement that is dry, safe, and healthy. This involves regular maintenance, and not DIY maintenance, but professional help from trained and skilled waterproofers. There are a lot of homeowners who don't give much thought to their basement environment, and this will cause a lot of problems and serious damage. Regardless of whether you have a basement that is finished or not, it still needs to be kept dry and protected.
Your basement makes up the foundation of your family's home. Without a strong and durable foundation, your home is at risk of having problems with its structural integrity - what keeps it standing. Water in the basement can also cause damage to wooden materials, such as support beams and floor joists.
To keep your Bristol, TN basement safe and prevent a lot of water from getting inside, you are certainly going to need the help of professional basement waterproofing services. At Seal-Tite, we have a team of trained professionals with numerous years of combined experience, and they will easily be able to help you and your family get the basement you deserve.
Basement waterproofing will help to remedy all of your water problems below your home. Contact Seal-Tite if you need to get a dry basement. Our experienced professionals can install dehumidifiers, sump pumps, floor drainage, and much more.


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Tag: sabrina the teenage witch
Books to Read After Watching the Chilling Adventures of Sabrina
This is an archived post from my old blog that has now been deleted. So, if you've seen it before, that's why! Enjoy. 🙂
I recently watched all of the Chilling Adventures of Sabrina and I'm totally obsessed. I'd read the comics when I was younger because I'm a giant Archie fan but I never knew they were going to recreate Sabrina the Teenage Witch in a non-cheesy, terrifying way. Immediately after watching, I found myself wanting to indulge in more stories about witches. Of course, I've made an entire list of the books that include witches and more!
Akata Witch by Nnedi Okorafor
"Akata Witch transports the reader to a magical place where nothing is quite as it seems. Born in New York, but living in Aba, Nigeria, twelve-year old Sunny is understandably a little lost. She is albino and thus, incredibly sensitive to the sun. All Sunny wants to do is be able to play football and get through another day of school without being bullied. But once she befriends Orlu and Chichi, Sunny is plunged in to the world of the Leopard People, where your worst defect becomes your greatest asset. Together, Sunny, Orlu, Chichi and Sasha form the youngest ever Oha Coven. Their mission is to track down Black Hat Otokoto, the man responsible for kidnapping and maiming children. Will Sunny be able to overcome the killer with powers stronger than her own, or will the future she saw in the flames become reality?"
The Wicked Deep by Shea Ernshaw
"Welcome to the cursed town of Sparrow…
Where, two centuries ago, three sisters were sentenced to death for witchery. Stones were tied to their ankles and they were drowned in the deep waters surrounding the town.
Now, for a brief time each summer, the sisters return, stealing the bodies of three weak-hearted girls so that they may seek their revenge, luring boys into the harbor and pulling them under.
Like many locals, seventeen-year-old Penny Talbot has accepted the fate of the town. But this year, on the eve of the sisters' return, a boy named Bo Carter arrives; unaware of the danger he has just stumbled into.
Mistrust and lies spread quickly through the salty, rain-soaked streets. The townspeople turn against one another. Penny and Bo suspect each other of hiding secrets. And death comes swiftly to those who cannot resist the call of the sisters.
But only Penny sees what others cannot. And she will be forced to choose: save Bo, or save herself."
Toil & Trouble: 15 Tales of Women & Witchcraft
"From good witches to bad witches, to witches who are a bit of both, this is an anthology of diverse witchy tales from a collection of diverse, feminist authors. The collective strength of women working together—magically or mundanely–has long frightened society, to the point that women's rights are challenged, legislated against, and denied all over the world. Toil & Trouble delves deep into the truly diverse mythology of witchcraft from many cultures and feminist points of view, to create modern and unique tales of witchery that have yet to be explored. "
A Discovery of Witches by Deborah Harkness
"Deep in the stacks of Oxford's Bodleian Library, young scholar Diana Bishop unwittingly calls up a bewitched alchemical manuscript in the course of her research. Descended from an old and distinguished line of witches, Diana wants nothing to do with sorcery; so after a furtive glance and a few notes, she banishes the book to the stacks. But her discovery sets a fantastical underworld stirring, and a horde of daemons, witches, and vampires soon descends upon the library. Diana has stumbled upon a coveted treasure lost for centuries-and she is the only creature who can break its spell."
The Bone Witch by Rin Chupeco
"Let me be clear: I never intended to raise my brother from his grave, though he may claim otherwise. If there's anything I've learned from him in the years since, it's that the dead hide truths as well as the living.
When Tea accidentally resurrects her brother from the dead, she learns she is different from the other witches in her family. Her gift for necromancy means that she's a bone witch, a title that makes her feared and ostracized by her community. But Tea finds solace and guidance with an older, wiser bone witch, who takes Tea and her brother to another land for training.
In her new home, Tea puts all her energy into becoming an asha-one who can wield elemental magic. But dark forces are approaching quickly, and in the face of danger, Tea will have to overcome her obstacles…and make a powerful choice."
Truthwitch by Susan Dennard
"In a continent on the edge of war, two witches hold its fate in their hands.Young witches Safiya and Iseult have a habit of finding trouble. After clashing with a powerful Guildmaster and his ruthless Bloodwitch bodyguard, the friends are forced to flee their home.
Safi must avoid capture at all costs as she's a rare Truthwitch, able to discern truth from lies. Many would kill for her magic, so Safi must keep it hidden – lest she be used in the struggle between empires. And Iseult's true powers are hidden even from herself.
In a chance encounter at Court, Safi meets Prince Merik and makes him a reluctant ally. However, his help may not slow down the Bloodwitch now hot on the girls' heels. All Safi and Iseult want is their freedom, but danger lies ahead. With war coming, treaties breaking and a magical contagion sweeping the land, the friends will have to fight emperors and mercenaries alike. For some will stop at nothing to get their hands on a Truthwitch."
How to Hang a Witch by Adriana Mather
The Crucible by Arthur Miller
The Witch's Daughter by Paula Brackston
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Posted on May 7, 2019 May 7, 2019 Categories books, comics, lifestyle, recommendations, tv/moviesTags book recommendations, book recs, books, comics, lifestyle, netflix, reading, sabrina the teenage witch, the chilling adventures of sabrina, tv shows, witch books, witchesLeave a comment on Books to Read After Watching the Chilling Adventures of Sabrina


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← Just announced! Garnet Rogers & Archie Fisher at Cellar Stage
Just announced! Jez Lowe at The Cellar Stage →
Just announced! Priscilla Herdman, Anne Hills, Cindy Mangsen at The Cellar Stage
Priscilla Herdman, Anne Hills, and Cindy Mangsen perform a rare trio show at The Cellar Stage in Hamilton on Friday, November 20, 2015. They plan only a handful of shows on this, their final tour. We here at The Cellar Stage are proud to be sponsoring this one!
Herdman Hills Mangsen
(Priscilla Herdman, Anne Hills & Cindy Mangsen,
formerly known as "Voices")
Herdman, Hills, Mangsen plan only a handful of shows on this, their final tour. We here at The Cellar Stage are proud to be sponsoring this one!
These three talented women, Anne Hills, Cindy Mangsen & Pricilla Herdman joined forces in 1987 while working on Priscilla's Darkness Into Light recording. The unique blend of their voices encouraged them toward additional collaboration on festival and concert hall stages. Enthusiastic responses from audiences around the country culminated in the recording of their first album Voices (1990, Flying Fish Records). Though the album met with critical acclaim, their busy solo careers made only occasional trio performances possible.
In 1996 the trio decided to create a more formal program that would allow them to tour for three weeks out of each year. Their second release, Voices of Winter, was recorded live during that tour and released the subsequent Fall (Gadfly Records). It instantly became a favorite seasonal recording of public radio stations across the country. Called a "genuine folk super-group" by The Boston Globe, separately and together they have garnered countless accolades and awards from radio, press and concert presenters both within and outside the folk community. Their musical alliance has served to bring their collective vocal talents to an even larger and more diverse audience.
Priscilla, Anne and Cindy bring intricate arrangements to newly found musical treasures with an art-song vocal styling that crosses the boundaries of folk and classical music. Their empathy in performance is near telepathic, and the magic of a Herdman, Hills, Mangsen show engages people of all ages and musical backgrounds. Priscilla, Anne and Cindy headed into the studio in August of 2000 to record their third collaborative effort. At the Turning of the Year includes old and new songs exploring the cycle of the seasons. The trio was honored to be included in a tribute album, Seeds: The Songs of Pete Seeger, volume 3 released by Appleseed Recordings in the fall of 2003. They recorded a version of Pete's song "River of My People" for the 2-CD set, which also includes songs and commentary by Pete himself, and versions of his songs sung by many of his friends, including Pat Humphries, Magpie, John McCutcheon, and Tom Paxton.
Herdman, Hills, Mangsen entrances audiences from fireside to concert hall with an evening of fresh enriching music, perfect for a season that asks us to listen to our ancestors, to our traditions, to our hearts and to each other.
Buy tickets for Priscilla Herdman, Anne Hills, Cindy Mangsen at The Cellar Stage
Posted on July 20, 2015, in Cellar Stage Baltimore and tagged Anne Hills, Cindy Mangsen, Herdman Hills Mangsen, Priscilla Herdman, singer/songwriter. Bookmark the permalink.	Comments Off on Just announced! Priscilla Herdman, Anne Hills, Cindy Mangsen at The Cellar Stage.


- Bad Omens drops off the Senses Fail/Amity Affliction/Belmont tour for their name being too small on the flyer.
- Kevin Devine and John K. Samson will be releasing a split 7" on November 30th. You can hear Samson cover "Saturday Night On Utopia Parkway" now.
- Hear a new track ("Burn It") and pre-order the new record (Strength in Numb333rs) from The Fever 333.
- Laura Jane Grace and the Devouring Mothers are hitting the road in March/April!
- Capstan sign to Fearless Records, put out "Stars Before the Sun".
- As Cities Burn sign to Equal Vision Records, put out "2020 AD".
- The Maine put out their cover of "Transatlanticism", part of the Songs That Saved My Life compilation put out by Hopeless Records.


The BBC (and others) reported this week on a Freedom of Information request revealing that the social networking tool Kik has been involved in a significant number of child sexual abuse cases.
"One teen chat app has featured in more than 1,100 child sexual abuse cases in the last five years, the BBC has found. Of 29 police forces that supplied information to the BBC, all but one had child exploitation cases involving Kik."
Kik is an instant messaging mobile app which is popular with teens. Like many social networking apps, it can be used for friends to connect and stay in touch but carries risks, particularly of inappropriate contact with online predators.
You can read the BBC article here: www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-45568276 find a useful parental guide by following this link.


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Freedom to think!
HCAS blog
The Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies
The Content of Our Character: Coming to terms with Racist roots.
20.12.2021 | Anita Mezza
By Keith Brown
The recent debate at the University of Helsinki around the beloved Finnish boardgame Star of Africa—and in particular how to respond when cherished family traditions turn out to be vehicles for the unwitting transmission of racist stereotypes—hit home for me. I have my own warm memories from growing up in England, playing games like the 1938 Buccaneer or the 1965 Mine-a-Million where the goal was to bring riches home from exotic locations.
Image: Jyrki Lyytikkä, Yle.
We didn't ever talk about race and racism. It wasn't, after all, a life and death issue for my parents or for me—the way it is, so immediately, for black families in the United States. I knew nothing about sundown towns or "the talk" that most black parents have with their children, in the hope it will save their lives when—not if—they are stopped by police officers.
Instead, I enjoyed the privilege of obliviousness. As we played those games, or when the stick-figure battle scenes I drew included British soldiers fighting off Zulu attackers, neither my teachers nor my parents took it as an opportunity or an imperative to discuss the ways in which the modern world, and our own privileged position in it, was the product of resource-transfers and ideologies of white entitlement that were shaped by conquest and colonialism. Like most of the enthusiastic British audience of the still-popular feature film Zulu, which tells the story of the heroic defense of Rorke's Drift, I never asked, or was asked, what exactly the British army was doing in the middle of Africa.
"The defence of Rorke's Drift" (1879), Alphonse-Marie-Adolphe de Neuville. Image: Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
50 years on, even after studying for a doctorate in anthropology and teaching international relations and global studies for almost two decades, I still have a lot to learn. That's been especially clear to me over the past decade, as a naturalized U.S. citizen witnessing the heightened political polarization that followed the election of the country's first black President. And even more so, watching the attack on the US Capitol on January 6 2021 and the disinformation that preceded and followed it.
Crowd at the Capitol, January 2021. Wikimedia commons.
I say witnessing and watching, because even though my wife and daughter are American-born, I have maintained the illusion that my English roots make me an observer, rather than participant, in America's long struggle with its racist roots. Graduate school room-mates in Chicago had to instruct me on the significance of Harold Washington's legacy as the city's first black mayor. And it was later still that I came to appreciate the distinctive legacy of Martin Luther King; both his commitment to non-violence, and his dream that future Americans would be judged not by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I still struggle to understand how anyone of good conscience can support action or speech that opposes those values. I know that some people, wittingly or not, do; but I've imagined that they and I have little or nothing in common.
Civil rights march. Image: Warren K. Leffler (photographer), public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
And then, last month a letter I found in my parents' flat shattered my illusions of innocence. Sorting through my late father's papers, I found an envelope, postmarked Albany, Georgia, USA, and addressed to my great-grandfather, H.J. Decker, in Liverpool, England. Inside was a ten-page handwritten letter from his father-in-law, W.H. Gilbert, bearing the date July 20 1912. And on the very first skim through, on the penultimate page, two sentences stood out, which included the names of H.J. Decker's wife and W.H.Gilbert's daughter (Maud), and H.J.'s daughter and my beloved grandmother, after whom we named my own daughter (Chloe). Those sentences first bound me intimately to the sender and recipient, by naming the person we knew in common; and then repelled me. "Give lots of love and kisses to Maud and the kids," writes W.H. Gilbert. And then, breezily, with no inkling of how his choice of words might resound decades later, "What did Chloe think of the postcard I sent her? 'N***** in a cotton patch.'"
I had known that my grandmother Chloe was born in Georgia and spent significant time there in her youth. I recall also that, early in my teaching career in anthropology, she and I had at least one conversation about race, in which I tried to articulate to her the value of cline theory in helping students understand that racial boundaries are not inscribed in biological difference, but are rather culturally and socially constructed. We didn't agree. And perhaps for that reason, our conversations tended to focus on the more exotic and glamorous side of her family heritage; her Russian émigré grandparents, H.J. Decker's parents, who left Moscow soon after their 1861 wedding to settle in Liverpool.
Gilbert-Decker-Brown Family tree. Graphic: Anita Mezza.
As Canadian-Scottish journalist Alex Renton discussed in the context of his recent book Blood Legacy, doing family history is not about passing judgement on our ancestors' characters. It represents the opportunity and the debt we owe our elders to pay attention to the clues they leave behind, as we struggle to try to leave the world better than we found it for our children. I treat this letter, then, as a gift handed down through 3 generations, and seek to honor the legacy by trying to understand what they are telling me. I take as the core challenge—still relevant in these polarized times—to explain how good people embrace and pass on bad ideas.
The Experience of Combat
The start of Gilbert's letter emphasizes an aspect of life that evokes our enduring curiosity and interest. Gilbert expresses as his goal to provide "a little history of my war experiences" on which, he hopes, his son-in-law H.J. can "elaborate… and make it interesting to your soldier boys over there."
The opening of the letter.
In 1912, H.J. was a commissioned officer in Britain's Territorial Force, established in 1908 as an Army reserve. His day job was as a cotton broker—the profession he had entered direct from Sedbergh School in 1890, and which had brought him across the Atlantic to the American South almost every summer. In the course of multiple visits to Albany, he and Gilbert had surely had prior conversations about combat, and H.J. had now solicited a written narrative that he could share with the young soldiers in the artillery unit that he would go on to command during the First World War (1914-18).
British artillerymen in combat, World War I. Image: UBC Library Digitization Centre, no restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons.
Gilbert's narrative ties me back to the US Civil War (1861-65)—and specifically, to the Confederacy of eleven Southern states which broke from the North after the election of President Abraham Lincoln. W.H. Gilbert enlisted as a volunteer in Georgia in April 1861, at the rank of private. The letter provides a chronology of his active service, listing sixteen "big battles" in which he participated, including 2nd Manassas (Bull Run, August 1862), Sharpsburg (Antietam, September 1862) and Gettysburg (July 1863). Reflecting on his extended service, Gilbert marvels at the charmed life he enjoyed for so long, and reports the moment his luck ran out. "I guess I was engaged in about 40 battles and skirmishes during the four years, and I assume you don't see how I came out as well as I did, for I rarely ever went into one that something about me was struck with a ball. Clothes, cartridge box, cap, haversack or something, and I had about concluded I would escape sound and all right, but the 12th of May 1864 I lost my foot as you know, and has been a drawback to me all through life."
Luck and loss.
The letter includes other details of the experience of war. He recalls the hardship of life on short rations, especially in the campaign leading up to Antietam, which other veterans also described as the 'Green Corn Campaign.'" He recalls the carnage of the battlefield at the 2nd Manassas, where "…we met a Brigade of Red Pants, …, Zouaves, and when the battle was over, one could walk full length of the Brigade on red britches, I never saw such a destruction of life in my life, red britches were discarded after then for they made too good a target." He speaks proudly of his own and his fellow-soldiers' resilience and undertaking long forced marches where he saw "many a soldier marching without a shoe on and almost without clothing."
Image: A.C. Redwood, Courtesy, New York Public Library, Digital Collections.
He mentions crossing the Potomac after Gettysburg, when "water came up to my armpits and we tall men had to float the little fellows over." And the experience of sleeping in the open, utterly exhausted, and waking up to find the camp was blanketed with snow. These vivid, telling details are the common stuff of military memoirs, recalling comradeship, horror and a sense for the suffering and loss on both sides.
Trauma, Heroism and Impossible Odds
Understandably, Gilbert's writing dwells in particular on his own personal trauma. He was at the "Horseshoe"—a defensive position designed to exact heavy losses on Northern attackers during the Battle of the Spotsylvania Courthouse—when he lost his foot. After first mentioning his injury, Gilbert then refers to the wound and its long-term negative effects four times in the course of ten sentences. He also reports his brother's death at the fall of Petersburg (March 1865).
Apart from these intimate losses, and the description of piled bodies at the 2nd Manassas, the only other death he describes in the letter is Stonewall Jackson's, in May 1863. Gilbert had already praised Jackson's leadership, drive and inventiveness, and devotes extended time to the moment that he, like others, saw as a tragic turning point for the war effort.
Stonewall Jackson – as remembered and mourned. Image: John Esten Cooke, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
The day he was killed, or wounded and died from his wounds, at Chancellorsville, he marched us 23 miles by 2 o'clock on a flank movement and we drove the enemy 3 miles by nightfall, with a terrible loss to them in killed and wounded, and we captured around 4000 prisoners and 16 pieces of artillery and that night he lost his life, which in my opinion broke the back of the Confederacy, because we never could fill his place.
Gilbert's focus and tone, up to this point in the letter, highlight how the Confederate army's prowess, combined with its leaders' skill and cunning, brought early battlefield success. From this moment on though, the letter's tone shifts, emphasizing that Confederate bravery and skill is not enough to overcome their foes' superiority in numbers. On the first day of Gettysburg, he writes, "Our brigade drove the enemy through the wheatfield and city and our casualties were very small, but we gave them a terrible loss, but of course we could not hold it, for the odds were too great."
"Harvest of death" – Gettysburg after the battle. Image: Timothy H. O'Sullivan, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
And when reflecting on the larger course of the war, later in the letter, he inserts an observation about the ultimate reason for the war's outcome. "I shall always believe that had Jackson lived, we could have gone into Washington from Gettysburg" he writes. But then he adds, "I don't think we could have held it, for the reason we fought the entire world, capturing a good many who could not speak a word of English."
This comment is consistent with data on the significant role of first-generation immigrants in the Union Army. Most historians of the Civil War also agree that Jackson's battlefield leadership was charismatic and dynamic; that Robert E. Lee was a highly effective general; that Gettysburg marked the decisive turning point of the war. Once the Confederate attempt to enlist foreign assistance against the Union failed, the industrial and numerical superiority of the North was bound to prevail in the war of attrition.
"Lost cause" and preserved convictions
Gilbert then builds on these data points—derived from his own intimate and immediate experiences of combat—with a reflection that is more open to question. He first makes what looks like a straightforward statement in favor of peaceful negotiation over deadly war, writing "I had enough fighting then to last me up to date and a poor settlement is better than one fight." He then shares with H.J. his larger perspective on the causes of the war in which he lost so much, writing:
"There never was a war as useless…"
There never was a war in my opinion that was as useless as ours, for by listening to reason and common sense, of such men as B.H. Hill and Alex Stephens matters could have been amiably (sic) settled. And to the best interest of all. For slavery was a doomed institution and could have been abolished gradually, without a drop of blood being shed, but hot-headed politicians inflamed the people with their fire-eating speeches and the people went wild, and into war we plunged head fore-most.
The two men referred to here as champions of "reason" and "common sense" were both professional Georgian politicians. In the run-up to war in the 1850s, both had opposed secession on grounds of Southern self-interest. Both held office during the Confederacy—Benjamin Hill as senator, and Alex Stephens as vice-president. Both were jailed after the war before returning to public life and elected office. They were both fierce critics of the ideas and practices of Reconstruction—the period of 1865-1877 in which serious and sustained efforts were made to undo systems of racial inequality across the South.
In Dreams of a More Perfect Union, Rogan Kersh offers a close reading of Benjamin Harvey Hall's strongly worded critique of the impacts of Reconstruction in Georgia, delivered in speech at Atlanta's Davis Hall in 1867 and reiterated in the widely circulated "Notes on the Situation." He disputed the war's victors' claim to represent the Union, insisting instead that "This is not the Union of our fathers. This is, emphatically, a Reconstructed Union." Hill told his Southern audience that both during the conflict and in its immediate aftermath, they had been targets of "a diabolical sectionalism in the very teeth of every principle of the American Union" (cited in Kersh 2001: 198). In Kersh's analysis, Hill advanced a vision of the Union with "space for southerners to manage local affairs, and particularly to determine the status of blacks in the region" (2001: 222).
In 1861, Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens laid out what was at stake for the South in his "Cornerstone" speech. Speaking to an enthusiastic crowd, he made the tendentious claim that the Founding Fathers' criticisms of slavery as a violation of natural law were mistaken. Their error, in Stephens' argument, was the cause of the political crisis of the Republic, and the government's fall. In the same logical vein, he labels abolitionists as fanatics who demonstrate a "species of insanity" because, "they were attempting to make things equal which the Creator had made unequal." Invoking divine authority, Stephens asserts that the new Confederate constitution would correct this fatal flaw.
Vice-President Alex Stephens on the $20 CSA Bill. Image: National Numismatic Collection, National Museum of American History, public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
Writing after Stephens' death in 1883, A Macon Telegraph writer recalled that Stephens "always prided himself on what he called his "corner-stone" speech, wherein he declared slavery the great corner-stone of the new republic." Kersh describes Stephens's post-war views as demonstrating "warmed-over confederate doctrines" (Kersh 2001: 221). An example of Stephens' revised language but unchanged mindset appears in his 1868 A Constitutional View of the Late War between the States, in which he claimed that the labor system in place in the antebellum South was "so-called" slavery, which in his words "was not Slavery in the full and proper sense of that word" but was rather "a legal subordination of the African to the Caucasian race" (1868: 539).
In his choice of figures to praise, and in the statement that slavery was an insufficient reason for the war, Gilbert tacitly endorses what numerous historians—including Gaines Foster, Gary W. Gallagher, Alan T. Nolan, David Blight and Nicole Maurantonio—identify as Lost Cause mythology. By denying that slavery was the sectional issue, Lost Cause ideology painted the South as the true heirs of the Constitution and the North as the aggressors. Lost Cause ideology continues to distort U.S. understandings of the past, and underpins contemporary racism. When Gilbert refers to "hot-headed politicians" with their "fire-eating speeches", it is possible that he is thinking primarily of abolitionists like John Brown and William Lloyd Garrison, whose actions and speeches in the 1850s were widely seen by Southerners as both treasonous and anti-Southern, thus affirming the perspective that the Confederacy preserved what was "best" in the Constitution. It may also be a more general attack at Republic politicians—starting from Lincoln himself, and including those advocates of post-war Reconstruction—whom Gilbert viewed as posing a threat to his America.
"The Lost Cause", Henry Mosler (1868). Image: Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
Lost inheritance, and Recovered Status
W.H. Gilbert's combat experience, clearly, was formative in shaping his worldview. So too, it appears, was his family background. In post-war census records, he is identified as a druggist, so a medical professional. His father, John B. Gilbert, is identified in the 1850 and 1860 censuses as a physician. In the year before his son W.H. Gilbert enlisted, John Gilbert's real estate was valued at $19,500, and his personal estate at $42,950 (or around $650,000 and $1.4 million respectively, for a total worth of just over $2 million, in 2021 equivalents).
The high value of his personal estate was a function not of John Gilbert's medical practice, but a second profession also listed in the census: farmer. Like many white families in the territory referred to as the "Black Belt," the Gilberts derived income from cotton farming. In this regard, John B. Gilbert's prosperity was a product of rapid transformation between the 1780s and 1830s, as state leadership encouraged settlers to invest in lands expropriated from the Cherokee and Muskogee nations. John Gilbert was born in Crawfordville, Georgia in 1814, just three years after Alex Stephens, who returned to the town to live out his old age at Liberty Hall. John Gilbert achieved financial security by moving north into territory made available by the 1830 Indian Removal Act. His personal estate valuation includes enslaved men and women: the slave registers for Lee County in both 1850 and 1860 identify John B. Gilbert as the titular owner of 26 (unnamed) people—almost certainly the labor force on a medium-sized cotton plantation.
Excerpt from the 1850 slave register of the US Federal Census, Lee County, Georgia, with entries #14-26 of unnamed enslaved people, in John B. Gilbert's legal ownership.
John B. Gilbert died in January 1864, while his sons W.H. Gilbert and Rudolph were still on active service. He therefore did not live to see the break-up of the plantation which had depended on the labor of enslaved people. Most likely, the Gilberts' land in Lee County followed the evolution of the estates around Albany that W.E.B.Dubois describes so vividly from a visit in at the turn of the century in the Souls of Black Folk, when he found scenes of "…phantom gates and falling homes… all dilapidated and half ruined" (Du Bois 1903/2007, 86). Mindful of historical change and conscious of the wars waged against the indigenous owners, the violence of the plantation system, and also of the asset-stripping that followed the Civil War, Dubois invokes an image of biblical retribution. "This was indeed the Egypt of the Confederacy," he writes, as if mindful of Gilbert's own recollections of campaigning, "the rich granary whence potatoes and corn and cotton poured out to the famished and ragged Confederate troops as they battled for a cause lost long before 1861" (ibid., 86).
W.H. Gilbert, though, parlayed this lost inheritance into a new venture, entering politics with some success. He took a prominent role in veterans' organizations, serving as president of survivors of the 4th Georgia Regiment. The Macon Telegraph reported from an 1893 reunion that Gilbert, now holding the rank of Captain, "carries more than one scar to attest his courage upon the field." He drew on his war record, and his father's former standing, to win election as a city alderman as early as 1870, aged 26, before serving five year-long terms as Mayor of Albany, in 1885 and then from 1891-1895.
Example of Confederate Memorial day celebrations from Brunswick, Georgia, 1903. Image: Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.
This family letter, then, is not just the reflection of an old war veteran, sharing experience down the generations with the young soldiers whom his son-in-law will lead to war in France within two years. It also offers a glimpse of a world, which venerated Confederate bravery and gallantry in defense of true American values against all enemies. It reveals that early this century white Southern voters continued to elect officials who believed in the justice of the cause for which they had sacrificed and who read and endorsed authors who maintained and propagated white supremacist ideologies.
Historical voices, contemporary echoes
And finally, Gilbert's letter shows how ideas about racial stereotypes get passed on without anyone really paying attention. We don't know for sure exactly what Chloe's postcard from her doting grandfather looked like. Most likely, it followed the genre used in advertising and other representations of the time, showing black people alongside cotton, usually smiling or at ease. The message such images intended to convey was of a world where people knew where they belonged and were happy in their work. That image of the south stuck with Chloe throughout her life.
Postcard of workers in a cotton patch. Image: State Archives of North Carolina, no restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons.
A hundred years later, we have the freedom and the responsibility to interpret images like these, and this letter that draws our attention to them, differently. Thanks to a wealth of scholarly and creative works which document the stubbornness of racism in American institutions–including for example Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah, Carol Anderson's White Rage and Ana DuVerney's 13th, we can see more clearly the reality behind them and put them into context. Gilbert's letter, penned by a Georgia veteran, contains virtually every element of Lost Cause ideology identified by historians writing since the 1960s. We can, for example, examine the words of the leaders of the Southern States on the eve of the Civil War, and acknowledge that they were not simply defending state rights but advocating for the further extension of slavery. In works like the 1999 book Without Sanctuary, we can readily access postcards of lynchings that circulated widely alongside the one W.H. Gilbert sent his grand-daughter Chloe. Lynchings increased in numbers in the 1890s, a horrific and direct means of enforcing what data-driven analysis of that period identifies as "an intricate and complex system of racial subordination".
W.H. Gilbert's postcard to Chloe was also part of that system. So too were public monuments that sprang up across the South in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the formation and spread of the Ku Klux Klan, and the continued display of the Confederate battle-flag, whether on display at my great grandfather's grave in Albany, or on the shoulders of self-styled patriots inside the U.S. Capitol on January 6 2021.
W.H. Gilbert's gravestone, Albany, Georgia. Image: Brenda Arnett Darbyshire.
When I shared with a colleague at the University of Helsinki my discovery of an enslaver in my own family tree, they responded by saying "so, I guess you're going to cancel yourself." I hope that they are wrong. What I hope instead is to prompt reflection on the legacies of the past. I believe that we best honor our ancestors' voices by allowing them, and ourselves, the space to be wrong, and to aspire to a more just, equitable future. We stand a better chance of doing so by paying close attention to what they inherited, and what they–and we–choose to pass on.
Adichie, Chimamanda Ngozi (2013) Americanah. New York: Alfred Knopf.
Allen, James (1999) Without Sanctuary: Lynching Photography in America. Santa Fe: Twin Palms Press.
Anderson, Carol (2016) White Rage: The Unspoken Truth of our Racial Divide. New York: Bloomsbury Books.
Du Bois, W. B. E. (1903/2007) The Souls of Black Folk. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
DuVerney, Ava (2016) 13th. Kandoo FIlms.
Gallagher, Gary W. and Alan T. Nolan (2000) The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History. Bloomington: Indiana University Press
Hill, Benjamin Harvey (1867/1893) Notes on the Situation. In Hill, Benjamin H (Jr.) Senator Benjamin H. Hill: His Life, Speeches and Writings. Atlanta: T.H.P. Bloodworth.
Kersh, Roger (2001) Dreams of a More Perfect Union. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Stephens, Alexander (1868) A Constitutional View of the Late War between the States. Philadelphia: National Publishing Company.
Posted in Cultural history, History, Humanities, Social Sciences, Yleinen
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