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Achieving Your Goal
Begin Your Bachelor's Degree at a Community College: 2 + 2 Agreements
2 years at a community college + 2 years at a university = 4 years (bachelor's degree)
Many American students—and 90,000 international students—attend a community college for the first two years of university studies in the USA. With nearly 1,200 community colleges in the country, there are many benefits of this model in comparison to studying all four years at a university. Community colleges offer significantly lower tuition, smaller classes and strong student support. And oftentimes, they serve as pathways to prestigious four-year universities.
One of the great strengths of American higher education is the ease with which students can transfer from one college or university to another. For students who plan to earn a bachelor's degree the transition from community college to a university for the final two years can be quite easy. Students will attend a community college to complete lower division general education requirements and then transfer to a university. There, they can take upper division courses and thereby complete a bachelor's degree. Such an approach is commonly known as "2 + 2," though it may take more than four years to complete all of the courses required for a bachelor's degree.
In fact, many university advisors recommend that students attend community college "college transfer" programs first, and then transfer to universities for the final two years. For example, students studying at Santa Monica College, a community college, have transferred to UCLA upon receiving their two-year transfer degree.
Community colleges are different than four-year universities. Here's how:
Admission is easier. TOEFL (Test of English as a Foreign Language) scores and academic requirements are usually lower for admission to U.S. community colleges than to four-year institutions. Many community colleges also offer ESL (English as a Second Language) programs or developmental math for students whose scores are too low to begin academic studies immediately.
Costs are lower. Tuition at community colleges can be as much as 20 percent to 80 percent less than at four-year American universities and colleges. This is a tremendous cost savings for the first two years of the bachelor's degree.
Student enrollment in classes, or at the institution in general, is often smaller than at four-year schools. Teachers and advisors are able to provide more one-on-one attention to students. Many U.S. and international students say that attending smaller schools for the first two years helped them make a good transition into larger four-year schools for the final two years.
Classroom environments are more supportive. In the U.S. educational system, students often compete for good grades. International students who do not speak English fluently are at a disadvantage. Often, they do better and feel more comfortable in smaller classes where there is less competition. In addition, community colleges typically offer free tutoring to support students' success.
Adjusting is easier. Two years at a community college can help an international student improve English language skills and grow accustomed to the U.S. educational system and culture.
Dusan Djokic from Serbia is studying at Edmonds Community College in Washington State and plans to transfer his community college credentials to a university so he can study Business Administration.
"I chose Edmonds Community College because I could get my high school diploma and also, at the same time, start earning my Associate of Arts degree. It was great opportunity for me to finish two programs in two school years. I am now one year ahead of my friends in Serbia. I am planning to work for one year on OPT (Optional Practical Training); then I will transfer to a university. My top two universities are California State University in Northridge or City University of New York."
Edmonds Community College International Student Services
"Coming to America and Edmonds Community College was the best choice I could have possibly made. I realized that it is very important to stick to your goals and do not give up. There are so many opportunities on campus such as activities, clubs and jobs. Doing well in class and participating on campus will help you to be successful toward your dreams."
Five Tips For a Successful Transfer!
START WHERE YOU WANT TO FINISH—First, find out exactly what the requirements are for admission to the school and to the academic program you want to transfer to. Then, choose classes now at your current school based on what you know you'll need in the future.
BE ORGANIZED AND READY TO WORK HARD—Exploring colleges and universities to transfer to in the future is exciting and fun, yet it does take effort. In addition to general admission standards, like the number of credits you have taken and your overall GPA, there might also be additional requirements for admission into your major, such as specific classes, a portfolio, a personal essay or even an interview.
TAKE FULL ADVANTAGE OF YOUR RESOURCES—Work closely with advisors at both your current school and, if possible, at your future school. Clearly communicate to everyone what your transfer goals are so that you and your advisors are all working in concert with each other.
ATTEND NEW STUDENT ORIENTATION—Don't assume that because you have already attended college you don't need to attend an orientation program for new students. Nothing could be further from the truth. Even though you are bringing college credit with you when you arrive, you are a new student, and you need to learn how to navigate the systems and resources at your new school.
HAVE A DREAM SCHOOL, AND A PLAN "B"—If your dream has always been to attend a nationally ranked and highly selective university, then develop a transfer plan for this school and pursue it with enthusiasm. At the same time, keep yourself grounded and keep your options open. There are thousands of truly excellent colleges and universities for you to consider. Just because you haven't heard of a school doesn't mean that in the end it might actually be the very best school for you and become your dream school!
Elizabeth Lyon, Associate Director and Transfer Advisor at Edmonds Community College. Edmonds Community College located 20 minutes north of Seattle is a state college offering two-year university transfer degrees, English as a Second Language (ESL), professional degrees and certificates; as well as High School to University. The campus combines excellent coursework, award-winning faculty, and superior services to help students with all their needs while living in the United States.
Making Transfers Easy
Many colleges and universities have special arrangements known as "articulation agreements" or Transfer Admission Guarantee (TAG) partnerships with other institutions. Articulation agreements help ensure that the classes taken at a community college transfer easily to partner institutions with little or no loss of credit and time. For example, the 10 Maricopa Community Colleges in the metropolitan area of Phoenix, Arizona, work very closely with the University of Arizona, Arizona State University and Northern Arizona University to make sure that Maricopa's courses will transfer.
University Transfer Admission Guarantee partnerships guarantee a community college student's admission upon completing specific requirements set by the university. These requirements may include a specific grade point average, coursework, and TOEFL score. Some majors are excluded from TAG agreements. For example, Business Administration is excluded from TAG agreements to the University of California, Irvine.
Most commonly articulation and TAG agreements will be between community colleges and four-year colleges and universities within the same state, but not always. For example, all the 115 California community colleges have articulation agreements with the California State University (CSU) system and the University of California (UC) system. For example, if a student successfully completes the general education requirements for California State University or the University of California at Santa Monica College, he or she can transfer to one of the universities and complete the last two years for the bachelor's degree.
These partnerships provide students an opportunity to save money on community college tuition and still transfer and graduate from a top-ranked university.
Whether students choose to study the arts or sciences depends on what they plan for their "major" field of study. During the first two years, students are studying a wide variety of humanities, social sciences, and natural science courses along with some foundation courses to prepare for their major.
Don't allow some of the challenges of transferring to deter you. If you plan ahead, a transfer can be an excellent way to accomplish your educational goals and enrich your experience with American higher education. Just as shifting gears in a car is a way to get more speed and power, transferring from one college or university to another can propel you to greater accomplishments.
What advice would you give a student considering a 2+2 option?
I would say the biggest challenge is overcoming the language barrier. In order to be successful in the United States, the language is a very important part. I'd encourage each of the students to study in an English language program if someone doesn't feel comfortable with expressing thoughts and ideas in English. If the students move on to college course without developing their English skills, they will likely to have a difficult time understanding the class lecture.
Scott Han is the Director of International Marketing at Cascadia College in Bothell, Washington, north of Seattle. At Cascadia College, 74 percent of students enroll with the intention of transferring to a 4-year university program.
"I am currently preparing to transfer to Brigham Young University (BYU). During my time in Cascadia, I was able to discover my interest and major, thus, I decided to study Actuarial Science, and possibly double major with Business Management."
Cascadia College
- Cascadia College student, Amanda Budiana from Jakarta, Indonesia
International Transfer Fairs
Many community colleges host "transfer fairs" so their students can learn about opportunities to earn a terminal degree at a four-year university. At these fairs, usually held in a school auditorium on campus, students have a great opportunity to talk to admissions representatives from prestigious universities around the country.
For example, an international community college student studying in Seattle may transfer out of Washington State to places like California or New York. Representatives from other U.S. universities come to international transfer fairs to recruit outstanding international students into years three and four at their universities.
Sometimes several other community colleges in a region join as well so the fairs can draw even more universities to a multi-day event.
One of the unique and special features of community colleges in the USA is the hands-on, personal attention students receive. Smaller class sizes and an overall smaller student population allows for such attention. Along with tutoring programs, accessibility to professors, and the like, many community colleges also offer specialty programs. The majority of these specialty programs are designed to give students an edge when preparing to apply and transfer to four-year colleges and universities to complete their bachelor's degrees.
Rockland Community College, State University of New York
Rockland Community College (RCC) of the State University of New York gives students exceptional opportunities through their Sam Draper Mentor/Talented Student Honors Program (MTS).
The Mentor/Talented Students Honors Program is nationally recognized for its academic rigor and the successful transfer of its graduates to Ivy League and other top-tier universities. Universities such as Harvard, Yale, Columbia, Cornell, the University of Pennsylvania, Stanford, NYU and many more have accepted MTS Honors graduates.
"RCC's Honors Program prepared me well for my transition to Cornell, and then to the University of Chicago," explained Honors graduate Wenshuo Zhang who now holds a PhD in Molecular Metabolism and Nutrition.
Rockland Community College's most distinguished faculty members are matched one-on-one with each Honors student. Mentors guide students every step of the way in the educational process. They assist in class selection; help students choose a major; monitor academic progress; and provide transfer guidance to students who would like to transfer to a four-year college or university. A range of Art, Liberal Arts, Humanities, Social Science, Science, Math, and Business courses are offered.
"The MTS program pushed me academically and opened doors for me that I never thought were even possible," said graduate Prisley Arias who is now studying at University College Cork Law School in Ireland.
Rockland Community College is located 25 miles northwest of New York City in suburban Suffern, New York. It is one of 64 campuses in the State University of New York (SUNY), one of the largest university systems in the USA.
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Community Colleges in the USA
Do you want to learn English in the USA?
If your dream is to study abroad and learn to speak English at an American university or college, you're in the right place! Community Colleges USA is the premier education guide for international students. You can contact and request information from community colleges of the USA and English language programs for free directly from CommunityCollegesUSA.com.
Use the Community Colleges USA School Search Tool to find U.S. programs at community colleges, including: English (ESL) courses, 2-year/Community Colleges, Bachelors Degree, Certificate/Short-Term, and Summer Programs.
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Calcott Hall now commonly known as Red Dress Manor has become infamous, thanks in part to an article in the Daily Fail. Originally a dairy farm dating from around 1725 this grade two listed building is now in extensive state of disrepair. The level of personal effects still in place is amazing and this was now one of my favourite explores, hoping to go back soon. There are contradicting reports of when it was last inhabited but the condition inside is still impressive, no doubt in part to its rural location helping save it from the random vandalism other sites suffer from.
This wasn't a visit planned in advance, driving around wales and Googling to find a nearby explore came up with this, no tripod and a half full CF card with a visit to Denbeigh planned for the next day meant shots were limited. Really need to work on my planning! When we arrived there were two bored looking teenagers hanging around in the obvious parking spot, so we drove around for a bit hoping they would leave as they looked like they could be local farmers kids, but after a while they still hadn't left so we parked up. Nice surprise they came over and warned us about the farmer, but also told us his usual routine and how to avoid him.
Looks good that enjoyed your report.
Cracking shots..... captured the mood really well.
Marinas - those were the days!
No sign of the freeky frock then.
It's a great place and many people have enjoyed mooching.


Kedgeree is a spicy, colourful Raj dish. The combination of lentils and rice make it a complete protein and the addition of egg makes it even better. I once made a mildly spiced version and served it for breakfast. It got rave reviews.
Garam masala (see ideath's Garam Masala write-up on how to make your own).
Rinse and soak green lentils in water for about four hours.
Chop the onions and caramelize them in butter, salting lightly. When they begin to turn golden brown, add half a teaspoon of turmeric and one teaspoon of garam masala. Cook until the spices are fragrant, adding a little more butter if they begin to stick to the bottom of the skillet.
Rinse and add the green lentils to the onions, and add a cup of water or vegetable stock. You can use a vegetable boullion cube if you don't have stock. Reduce the heat to medium and cook, stirring frequently for about ten minutes or until the lentils are firm, but not crunchy. Add more water if they become too dry. Season with salt and pepper when they are cooked.
While the lentils are cooking, hard boil the eggs for ten minutes and then run them under cold water until the cores of the eggs are cooled (prevents the outside of the yolk from turning black.) Peel and chop the eggs into large pieces and set aside.
Chop the parsley into fairly small pieces, reserving a few sprigs for a garnish.
Mix the rice well with the lentil/onion mixture and chopped parsley. Taste the mixture to see if you want to increase the spiciness. If so, melt a teaspoon of butter in a small pot and cook additional turmeric and garam masala before adding it. If you have any doubts about cooking them first, wet your finger, stick it in the garam masala and taste it. Yech! But good when cooked. Add more salt if needed and mix in some fresh black pepper. Mix in the eggs last so that they don't break into bits. Garnish with sprigs of parsley and a dusting of black pepper and serve.
This can be made in advance (even the day before), refrigerated and microwaved.
Wonderful recipe. Just a few historical footnotes that I have discussed with Jinmyo in /msg's and that she asked I post. Apparently, this dish was originally more or less as noded here. Sometime in the 1700s, one of the East India Company overlords asked his native chef for a fish and rice dish. To the basic recipe posted here was added raisins and some sort of fish. Since then, Kedgeree has been made with or without almonds, and with a wide range of fish: haddock, cod, cod cheeks (Canada, I think), and a variety of smoked fish such as kippers. And that's all fine and well and good. But it is nice to see this simple version. But add fish you eat want. I think, they're usually steamed before chopping them up and tossing them with the rice. Still, the eggs would go in last so they don't get smashed.


Celebrate America at the Beach!
Summer is quickly heating up and it's time to look ahead to 4th of July events & activities! So, whip out your best red, white, & blue and head down to the beach. There's no better way to celebrate America than at the beach and our area has everything you need to do just that! For all the information on events going on throughout the week, check out our list below.
Tuesday, July 3rd at 8:00 p.m. – The town of Ocean Isle Beach will be hosting a firework celebration from the Ocean Isle Beach Pier. Come down and sit on the beach for a front row seat!
Wednesday, July 4th at 10:00 a.m. – The annual Freedom Celebration parade will begin at the Museum of Coastal Carolina and continue down East Second Street to Lee Street. Onlookers can enjoy viewing the decorate floats, golf carts, and bicycles and you might even leave with candy & other goodies!
Celebrate America at the Old Bridge!
Tuesday, July 3rd at 6:00 p.m. – Kick off the holiday by attending a free concert at the Old Bridge by Linda Ladrick. Bring your beach chairs and enjoy a mix of your favorite patriotic, Broadway, & Disney songs.
Wednesday, July 4th at 9:00 a.m. – Start off the morning with the annual 4th of July parade at the Old Bridge! Everyone is encouraged to bring their decorated bicycles, wagons, and strollers to march across the bridge. After the parade, stay around to enjoy family-friendly games and activities along with light refreshments!
Wednesday, July 4th at 5:00 p.m. – The town will host a celebration along the Calabash Waterfront. The festivities will begin with food, ice cream, games, raffles, and live music at 5:00 p.m. and the fireworks display will begin around 9:15 p.m.
If you have already booked your 4th of July week at the beach, come join in on all the fun the area has to offer! If you haven't made your vacation plans, there are still a handful of properties available for rent. Click here before they're gone!


Health Issues for Looked after Children and Young People: Who looks after them when they are ill?
A resource for Foster Carers. Introduction CAMHS Doctor GP Social Worker, Foster Carer Foster Carer Paediatrician Specialist LAC Nurses Workshop facilitator's notes are also available.


GRAIN HOPPER Alberta Heritage Fund ALNX Silver Series(c) rolling stock features: - blackened metal wheels - body mounted couplers - non-magnetic axles WARNING: CHOKING HAZARD - SMALL PARTS! NOT INTENDED FOR CHILDREN UNDER 3.
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Our most popular grain mill, a high quality, precision-machined mill that is easy to set up and use. A consistent, precise crush is vital for making the best beer possible, and The Barley Crusher delivers. This mill comes from the manufacturer and some of the best features on the market. Solid base fits easily on a standard 6.5 gallon fermenting bucket. Adjustable rollers with a .015 to .070 range. Materials that will last a lifetime: 1018 Cold Rolled Steel for the rollers, 6061 Aluminum for the mill body and hopper, tool steel for the axles with oil-impregnated bronze bushings. 5-inch rollers have a 12 TPI knurl that pulls grain through while leaving the hull intact to form an excellent filter bed for sparging. Large hopper holds approximately 7 pounds of grain. Includes a hand-crank but no adapters are needed to use a 3/8 drill motor; using a 3/8 drill motor at 500 RPM gives a throughput of 6 pounds a minute.
Grind it, Prepare it, Cook it. It's Manual-attic! Time for some real, authentic tortillas and breads - really made from scratch. The Victoria manually operated High Hopper Grain Grinder is ideal for grinding corn, grains, rice, wheat, oats, barley, rye, peppercorns, spices, nuts and much more. Clamps to most tables and has a conventional screw for easy milling. From coarse to fine, this grinder is perfect for green, everyday use or emergencies.
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How not to load a Grain Hopper! Read description before making comment that makes you look stupid!


If you wish to apply for this vacancy then send your application form to the address given above along with the necessary documents and passport size photos.
Dear sir, i did my BHMS from Nehru Homoeopathic college and hospital in 2000, i am not MD Homoeopathy. Am i eligible for these posts? I am keen to work….
Can u confirm the salary to assi professor and lectures who have completed M.D.


Logos. Brochures. Websites. UI. Letterhead. Posters. Invitations. Flyers. Anything.
No, really. Anything. If you need a creative touch, an updated look, or a whole new design, Leland can do it.
Contact Lelando using the social media links below. He will respond as quickly as possible.


Staying at a unique hotel with breathtaking views of otherworldly landscapes is many vacationers' dream that can easily become a reality. The location and accommodations of certain lodgings may even astonish the most experienced travelers.
When four boring walls, a large bed and a mini-bar fridge are acceptable but not exciting, use your imagination and book a cave. Not all underground rooms are equal. Some are luxurious, while others are very basic. In any case, they all have their own unique history and mystery.
The advantages of staying in a cave room are numerous – no humidity, constant cool temperature, serenity and calmness, and no crowds or loud noises.


text:
Walk For Recovery to Spread Hope For Getting Off Drugs
Published July 1, 2019 at 9:42 AM EDT
Long before opoid abuse rose to national attention, Gwen Lanier of Kalamazoo had been helping people get clean through her Mothers of Hope, a grassroots nonprofit that this year turns 20 years old. Now, her group is taking its fight against drugs to the streets with its first Walk for Recovery on July 27th and invites all allies to attend. "We're going to do chants like, 'Up with hope, down with dope! Hugs, not drugs!'" she says.
Credit Earlene McMichael | WMUK
Gwen Lanier
Lanier talks about the upcoming walk on today's WestSouthwest, a news and public affairs show on WMUK 102.1 FM, the National Public Radio station at Western Michigan University. She plans to hold the event every year.
The free walk starts at 8 a.m. in the parking lot of Allen Chapel AME Church, located at 804 W. North St. in northern Kalamazoo. First, a recovering drug user and a youngster from a home affected by substance abuse will briefly address the crowd. Then the walk will begin.
"We're looking forward to this wonderful unified turnout of people, from all over coming together, and walking through the neighborhood and giving hope to the neighborhood," Lanier says.
Gwen Lanier says one of the most overlooked groups in the recovery process are the friends and relatives of substance abusers
Lanier says the walk is intended to create awareness about the Mothers of Hope's Celebration of Recovery being held a week later for recovering and active drug users, as well as their friends and family members. The celebration is scheduled for Saturday, Aug. 3 from 11 a.m. to 3 p.m. at the group's headquarters at 603 Ada St. in Kalamazoo.
There, two tents will be erected: One tent is for loved ones and friends; the other for those in recovery or still using drugs. Each tent will have speakers from its particular demographic. For example, people in the tent for relatives will hear the personal story of someone like them, according to Lanier.
Mothers of Hope plans to put on the Walk for Recovery annually, always followed by the Celebration of Recovery.
I don't think there's any kid that their dream is to be a drug abuser - Gwen Lanier, Mothers of Hope
"Gathering together up under a tent, exchanging stories and suggestions, could have an outcome of us coming back together and trying to figure out what could we do next that could be effective," Lanier explains.
According to Lanier, one of the most overlooked groups in the recovery process are the friends and relatives of substance abusers.
She says they sometimes suffer just as much as the user, adding that she can't imagine the pain that she caused her own mother and her three children when she herself was addicted, ultimately escalating to becoming an intravenous drug user.
Lanier is thankful to have made it to 65. She's been in recovery for 30 years, she says, and is committed to helping others become drug-free, too.
"There's still some more Gwens out on the street that are addicted."
She adds: "I don't think there's any kid that their dream is to be a drug abuser."
Hear the longer interview here.
WestSouthwest news & public affairs show airs Mondays and Thursdays on WMUK 102.1 FM at 7:34 a.m., 9:34 a.m. and 4:20 p.m. You can subscribe to the WestSouthwest podcast through Apple podcasts and Google Music. There you can leave a rating and write a review.
WMUK News drugsMothers of HopeWestSouthwest Brief
WSW: Mothers of Hope Marks 20th Year With Walk for Recovery
"Up with hope, down with dope! Hugs, not drugs!'"These chants will echo down a few Kalamazoo streets on July 27. It's part of the Walk for Recovery that…

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The players below represent ALL players who played at least 1 game for the 2001 Toronto Blue Jays.
40 Kevin Beirne P 6-4 210 L-R 1974-01-01 27 Houston,Texas MLB 1994-2008 2000-2002 McCullough (The Woodlands,TX) Texas A&M U.
23 Jose Cruz CF 6-0 200 B-R 1974-04-19 27 Arroyo,Puerto Rico MLB 1993-2008 1997-2008 Bellaire (Bellaire,TX) Rice U.
36 Bob File P 6-4 210 R-R 1977-01-28 24 West Palm Beach,Florida MLB 1995-2004 2001-2004 Father Judge (Philadelphia,PA) Thomas Jefferson U.
52 John Frascatore P 6-1 223 R-R 1970-02-04 31 Queens,New York MLB 1989-2001 1994-2001 Oceanside (Oceanside,NY) C.W. Post Campus/Long Island U.
50 Joey Hamilton P 6-4 230 R-R 1970-09-09 30 Statesboro,Georgia MLB 1989-2004 1994-2003 Statesboro (Statesboro,GA) Georgia So.U.
44 Billy Koch P 6-3 205 R-R 1974-12-14 26 Rockville Center,New York MLB 1994-2004 1999-2004 West Babylon (West Babylon,NY) Clemson U.
12 Luis Lopez 3B 6-0 205 R-R 1973-10-05 27 Brooklyn,New York MLB 1991-2014 2001-2004 Spring Hill (Spring Hill,FL) Coastal Carolina U.


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Andrew Garfield Told 3 People About 'Spider-Man' Cameo
Jason Merritt / Staff via Getty Images
Spider-Man: No Way Home has been out for over a month now, yet it's still the talk of the town! The movie premiered on December 16, 2021, and has since jumped to the number 6 spot on the All-Time Global Chart as it's brought in a whopping $1.69 billion at the box office so far. That means the hit film has surpassed the likes of Jurassic World ($1.67 billion) and The Lion King ($1.66 billion). And one thing fans can't stop talking about - aside from the money? Andrew Garfield's surprise appearance.
And the actor himself isn't over it, either. During a recent interview with Ellen DeGeneres, the iconic talk show host asked Garfield, "How many years did you lie to people?" And his answer proved this guy knows how to keep the lid on something for a long time. "I lied to people for a good two years, and I lied to the internet for two years, and it felt great," Andrew admitted. Only a few close loved ones knew the truth. "My dad, my brother, and my mother... just kind of us. It was fun to keep it secret," he added.
Ray Tamarra / Contributor via Getty Images
The 38-year-old continued: "You know when you're planning a surprise birthday party for someone? And they're like, 'I hate surprises. Tell me is the party happening? No, seriously, don't mess around because you know I hate surprises.' So it felt like I was part of organizing a surprise birthday party for a bunch of people who I knew would appreciate it." And he was right! Viewers (including us) were delighted by the legendary appearance. But one person was a little... disappointed.
Garfield previously revealed that his ex-girlfriend and Spider-Man co-star Emma Stone was also kept in the dark about the whole ordeal. "Emma kept on texting me. She was like, 'Are you in this new Spider-Man film?'" he shared on the Happy Sad Confused podcast. "And I was like, 'I don't know what you're talking about!' She was like, 'Shut up, just tell me.' And like, I honestly... I kept it going, even with her, it's hilarious." We just hope Emma doesn't hold it against him for too long! You can catch more of Andrew's hilarious interview here.


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El Atlantique Stade Rochelais es un club profesional de rugby de Francia de la ciudad de La Rochelle (departamento de Charente Marítimo y de la región de Poitou-Charentes). Compite actualmente en la máxima categoría del rugby francés, el Top 14.

Historia

Creación del Club
La práctica del fútbol-rugby en La Rochelle se remonta a 1892 con la asociación "Les Volontaires du lycée de La Rochelle".
El Stade Rochelais es uno de los clubes de rugby más antiguos de Francia, ya que su creación se dio justo después del Racing Club de France , el Stade Français , el FC Grenoble , el [Lyon Olympique] (LOU) y el FC Auch. La creación del Stade Rochelais se remonta a 1896 y la práctica efectiva desde 1898.

Desarrollo de la sección de rugby
En 1902, el cónsul de los Estados Unidos en La Rochelle y futuro presidente del club, George Henry Jackson, impulsó la creación la sección de rugby. Durante este período, el Stade Rochelais fue  campeón del Atlántico varias veces, jugando así el campeonato francés donde fue eliminado tres veces en cuartos de final contra el Stade Français (1906), Rugby Club Orléans (1907) y Aviron Bayonnais (1914).

Rugby XIII
En 1935, el club decidió cambiar al rugby XIII , donde ganó dos títulos del Campeonato de Francia de segunda división en 1936 y 1937.
Finalmente regresó al rugby XV en 1941 tras la prohibición del rugby XIII en Francia por el régimen de Vichy .

Campeonato de primera división

La Rochelle ingresa en la élite del rugby francés al ascender a la Fédérale, el nivel más alto de rugby francés en ese momento. Desde el 9 de enero de 1949 hasta el 24 de octubre de 1954, el club consiguió la cifra de 28 partidos invictos en casa. Desde 1961, el Stade Rochelais estuvo en la cima del rugby francés al jugar las fases finales del campeonato donde jugó tres cuartos de final que perdió ante  US Daxen 1961 , 1962 y 1969.

Profesionalismo
Es a partir de 1997 y con la llegada del profesionalismo al rugby cuando llegan los mayores éxitos al club marinero. De hecho, a partir de este año, el Stade Rochelais entra en la élite profesional. Los Espoirs son campeones de Francia en 2001. El primer equipo es semifinalista de la Copa de Francia en el año 2000 y dos veces ganador de la Copa de la Liga en 2002 y 2003. El club forma parte del Top 16 de la temporada 2001 -2002 pero desciende a final de temporada.

Experiencia en Pro D2

Desde la temporada 2006-2007, La Rochelle ha estado sistemáticamente en la fase final del campeonato Pro D2 . Finalista en 2007, semifinalista en 2008 y 2009, fue en 2010 cuando La Rochelle logró su objetivo: al vencer a Lyon en la final por 32 a 26, ascendiendo al Top 14 . También fue el período de un nuevo récord: del 18 de noviembre de 2006 al 4 de mayo de 2008, el estadio Marcel-Deflandre vio 22 victorias seguidas. Del mismo modo, se clasificaron para competiciones europeas en los años 1997, 2000 y 2001. Al final de la temporada 2010-2011, el club desciende a Pro D2 con la firme intención de recuperar su puesto en la élite y desarrollando los medios necesarios para dar el salto de calidad, de este modo el presidente del clun Vincent Merling, ficha a dos entrenadores jóvenes: Patrice Collazo y Fabrice Ribeyrolles y lanza un plan de acción llamado "Grandir ensemble 2015" que tiene como objetivo desarrollar el club tanto en términos deportivos como estructurales.

Permanencia en la élite
El club vuelve al Top 14 el 25 de mayo de 2014, al vencer en la final por el ascenso disputada en el estadio Chaban-Delmas de Burdeos a SU Agen con el marcador final de 31 a 22. De este modo los "Amarillo y negro" se unen a Lyon OU , que había asegurado su ascenso directo al ganar el campeonato Pro D2 al final de la temporada regular.
En junio de 2014, Xavier Garbajosa se unió al club y se convirtió en entrenador asistente a cargo de las técnicas individuales ("habilidades"). El 22 de septiembre, Fabrice Ribeyrolles dejó el cuerpo técnico y luego el club. Xavier Garbajosa asumió el papel de entrenador de línea trasera.
El 16 de mayo de 2015, después de un empate en casa contra Racing 92 (18-18), el mantenimiento en el Top 14 para la temporada 2014-2015 está matemáticamente garantizado, un partido antes del final de la temporada regular.
El 27 de junio de 2016, el club presenta su nuevo plan de desarrollo de cuatro años, "Escribe nuestra historia 2020", así como su cambio de identidad: el nombre del club se simplifica al abandonar el prefijo "Atlantic", volviendo así a su nombre original, mientras se adopta un nuevo logotipo, con un diseño más moderno 2 .

Durante la temporada 2016-2017 Top 14 , el Stade Rochelais causó una fuerte impresión al terminar como el líder Top 14 durante la fase regular. El Maritime XV incluso creó la hazaña de igualar el récord invicto en una serie de once juegos (10 victorias, 1 empate). El equipo se clasificó directamente para las semifinales del Top 14 por primera vez en su historia. La temporada termina en el estadio Vélodrome el 26 de mayo de 2017 por una derrota en la semifinal contra el club de rugby Toulon en el marcador de 15-18.

El Rochelais perdió en la semifinal del Top 14 en Burdeos en el estadio Matmut Atlantique contra Toulouse con el resultado de 20 a 6 y en Newcastle en la final de la European Rugby Challenge contra ASM Clermont por el resultado de  36 a 16.

Estadio

El estadio lleva el nombre de Marcel Deflandre, presidente del club en la época de los clubes de rugby XIII y XV de la ciudad, impuesto por el régimen de Pétain . Unido a la resistencia, fue arrestado y fusilado por la Gestapo en enero de 1944 en Burdeos .

El estadio fue renovado durante la temporada 2009-2010, cuando el Stade Rochelais jugó en Pro D2 . El trabajo se completó para la semifinal contra Oyonnax principios de mayo de 2010. Fue durante el partido contra Toulon del 1 de septiembre de 2010 fue cuando el estadio se llenó por primera vez, ocupando los  cerca de 12.300 asientos. Posteriormente, la capacidad se incrementó a más de 15,000 lugares con la ampliación de las tribunas norte y sur ubicadas detrás de los postes de la portería.

Jugadores emblemáticos

Palmarés

Torneos internacionales
 Copa de Campeones de Europa (1): 2021–22

Torneos Nacionales
 Subcampeón Top 14: 2020–21
 Desafío Yves du Manoir (2): 2002, 2003.

Referencias

Equipos del Top 14
Equipos deportivos de la región de Nueva Aquitania
Charente Marítimo
Francia en 1898
Deporte en 1898
Organizaciones fundadas en 1898

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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The Scattered (Dalit) Spectacles; the Narrative of Indian (Hindi) Films since 1940s to Contemporary Time-Saddam Hossain, Saddam Hossain
October 6, 2020 Jankriti Admin Art Discourse कला –विमर्श, August 2020, Issue
The Scattered (Dalit) Spectacles; the Narrative of Indian (Hindi) Films since 1940s to Contemporary Time
1.Saddam Hossain (M.A & M.Phil. Ph.d(pursuing)
Assistant Professor& Scholar
Journalism & Mass Communication
Netaji Nagar College, (Calcutta University)
Saddam.visvabharati@gmail.com
2.DEBOPRIYA ROY (M.A.)
yordsb96@gmail.com
The ancient caste system of the Hindu society is still prevalent in India as well as different parts of South Asian countries. The people belonging to the lowest level of this inhuman and unjust caste system are known as the 'Dalits' meaning oppressed or broken. It is very unfortunate to know that even in today's twenty first century this unconstitutional practice is still very much prevalent in different parts of India. This paper focuses on how Indian cinema particularly the Hindi film industry starting from Achyut Kanya in the 1940's to Article 15(a) in 2019, have used the same discriminative casteist narratives again and again. The typical Brahmanical gaze of this ancient caste system has again and again found itself a place in the narratives of the Hindi films. The films like Achyut Kanya, Ankur by Shabana Azmi, Nagraj Manjule's Sairat to Dhadak all have shown the inter-caste love stories between two people on numerous occasions, and the view have been always from a Brahmanical hierarchy upper-caste structure, from where this system itself started. It has been very few times when the narrative of the films has initiated from the view of the lower caste Dalit people, and their views have been sidelined.
Keywords: Dalit , Indian cinema, Brahmanical gaze, Mainstream Film , Hegemony
India's or rather some parts of South Asia's common discrimination towards people belonging to specific traditional social class or caste is perhaps the example of one of the ancient form of social exploitation that is still pertinent. Indian Cinema as a genre is sustained by mass approval of themes in which caste is remained untouched since its inception. A study by the newspaper named The Hindu in June 2015 revealed that just six of the main characters in the nearly 300 Bollywood movies released between 2013 and 2014 belonged to a backward caste. Elucidating the condition of Dalit film in contemporary Indian Hindi Film Industry demands to reflect some light on the key concepts involved. The word Dalit which means 'oppressed' or 'broken' is referred to the members of the lowest social group of Hindu Caste systemwhere the social system has literally designate them as 'untouchables' even denying their basic rights to be educated, to fetch water from public wells, to be allowed to enter temples. India has time and again failed to diminish the caste system for once and all. Though unconstitutionally, but it has somehow stayed afloat in the socio-cultural matrix of India. The voice which remains silent, the representation that never appeared in the mainstream, is the voice of the Dalits. Their intricated relationship with mainstream film has often been criticized for flawed representation, reinforcing hegemony, sustaining stereotypes and upholding a Brahmanical gaze, a gaze that somehow justifies some citizen's social position as 'Back ward' and never ever conventionalized their presence. Pleasing the Savarna sensibilities has gone to the extent that a report by Birminghum City University claimed that being 85% of the population, the Dalits and the Bahujan obtains their rendition in only 0.1% films. It is crucial to locate the picture of Indian film industry which remained untouched by Dalit subjects even after extensive anti-class social movements. Even the slightest representation that the Dalits have on screen often woven on the plots of crime, violence, tragedy and the happy story seldom finds a Dalit protagonist in it. The number of Dalit character in mainstream film is eminently low, their socio-cultural expression have stayed away from mainstream aesthetic exploration in film. The argument that the upper-castes' historical hegemony over education and wealth have a significant role in distinguishing the systematic exclusion of the Dalits in the medium of film cannot be invalidated. The reservation system and other efforts have improved the position of Dalits in Govt. employment and in education to some extent, but film and other art form still suffers from the lack of mainstreaming the marginalized.
READ वैश्वीकरण के युग में हिंदी भाषा-डा. पवनेश ठकुराठी
Position of Dalits in Indian Cinema
Broken Films
Leaving aside the leftist filmmakers of the last century, India has not witnessed much of its films based on issues of caste from the perspective of a person belonging to that caste. From Achhut Kanya (1936) to Article 15(A) (2019) India's dealing with Dalit issues through the medium of film has persisted in the discriminative casteist narratives. Featuring Ashoke Kumar and Devika Rani, Achhut Kanya, the classic inter-caste love saga telling the story of a lower caste girl in love with an upper caste boy and how their relationship ends up in nothing due to casteist societal manipulation, achieved several critical acclamations. Ankur (1974) starring Shabana Azmi tells the story of another failed romantic relationship of a upper caste man and a lower caste woman. Veteran film maker Satyajit Ray's creative exploration of the caste issue reflected in his 1981 television film Sadgati which deals with the matter beyond romantic relationship and unveils caste as an ancestral tool of exploitation. In the words of the director, Sadgati is "a deeply angry film… not the anger of an exploding bomb but of a bow stretched taut and quivering". Jag Mudra's film Bawandar (2000) experiences caste from a feminist perspective dealing with castiest gender based oppression.
Caste though not completely exclusive in films has somehow been a theme that is hardly dealt with. Other than delineating tragic inter-caste (often tragic) love stories, Dalits have been muted throughout the evolution of film industry. Dalit-feminist perspectives have been narrowly discussed in the space of what we called is "art film" by completely embargoing the possibilities of mainstreaming other Dalit issues e.g. Dali Queer etc from Dalit perspective. Their cultural emancipation never brewed in Indian films.
Neoteric Indian Films Pertaining with Casteism
Othering existence; creating new casteist hegemony
Indian film though does not consider Dalits on screen to be filmed; whenever it does the result is even more problematic. The factor that the characters of Dalit films are often shown as poor, disempowered is extremely humiliating. Infused for upper caste taste, Indian Hindi films is obsessed to frame Dalits as gullible. The films which does not consides caste politics or caste to be its theme or subtheme continues to satisfy the views of castiest upperclass by excluding or dogmatically stereotyping lower caste characters. While Jolly L.L.B. (2013) shows an inefficient judge to be Dalit in contrast to an efficient Brahman judge, Lagaan(2001) names its Dalit character "Kachhda"(garbage). Manikarnika;The Queen of Jhansi (2019),the biographical adaption of Rani Laxmi Bai, fades the powerful character of Jhalkari Bai to a five minute's role. And all these adaptions are not exclusive to these examples given, this is a trend India's Hindi film maintains perhaps consciously.
Indian Hindi film's dealing with romance often centers round love against societal approval which somehow brings the nations obsession with caste system on screen. But the upper-caste narrative remains. Dhadak (2018) which is a bollywood production dilutes the key issue of the film Sairat (2016) with which it shares the plot. Unlike Nagraj Manjule's Sairat, Dhadak turns out to be just another love story set in a patriarch-conservative society where a woman's choice to get married is thought to bring ruins to the family's honour. Ironically, the film though takes care of the aesthetical potraryal of love against the odds, transforms the factor of caste which is crucial to any honour crime in India. Caste as showcased in Dhadak is definitely creating problem in the union of the duo but the film never ever exhibit the bigger caste politics that is undercurrent in the society. Dhadak suffers from a flawed gaze of an upper-caste person who denies caste to be an everyday existence and overturns the communities, institutions and cultures born from the caste system. The escape of the leads in Dhadak to sustain their lives away from home remains untouched by the hardles that a caste-striken society creates. The film has never ever tried to voice the love story from the perspective of a person from a backward caste, the view of caste from the oppressed has been ignored absolutely.
Anubhab Sinha's film Article 15(2019) emerged initially as an endevour to deal with the caste issue on screen but ended up as being an upper caste narrative to counter castiest culture. The story that is loosely based on a Brahmin (upper caste) police officer striving to give justice to Dalits by upholding the constitutions is extremely vexed to the idea of equal rights by emphasizing the Brahmanical hierarchy from where the caste system initiated. Though the film stepped out of the stereotyped caste-based theme centering round love relationship of two people, the film cannot be a stand alone in its genre. The film sets in a rural landscape away from hobnobs of the city people gracefully brings poverty on screen which reinforce the notion that casteism exists away from cosmopolitan city life which is again paradoxical to the reality. The story let the audience assume that caste is a deep rooted tradition which exists beyond the urban space, beyond the educated people and to some extent caste is an alien who came from some other world. This 'othering' of existence is extremely troublesome because it questions the rights of urban space that the Dalits are also stipulated to claim. Though the very narration without showing the narrator "Mein aur tum inhe dikhaye nehi dete"(You and I are not visible to these people) rightly indicates the absence of voice of Dalits in the socio-political space, the film does not brings out a hint of change. The line continues, "Hum kabhi harijan ho jate hain, kabhi bahujan ho jate hain, bas jan nahi ban pan parahe hain"(Sometimes we become Harijan, and sometimes Bahujan, but we are never able to become just people) indicating the sheer absence inclusivity that remain the need of the hour till the date. The film is obviously a subtle but sure venture to illuminate the oppression that exists but what it fails is the fact that it remains a voice of an upper caste. Showing the oppression of caste with a privileged protagonist is itself a contradictory stand in the space of dealing the 'othering of existence' which exploits the Dalits.
READ नई राष्ट्रीय शिक्षा नीति 2019: एक अवलोकन-डॉ. अजय कुमार सिंह
A Streak of Realism
Amid all these negative portrayal, there are films which deal with caste without glorifying or reinforcing it. Masaan (2015) is a film which fades in to the bitter truths of life reflecting enough light on caste and how it is undercurrent in post colonial India. The vicious cycle of life and death through which the film flows, connects Deepak, a lower caste brilliant student with Shalu, a upper caste college girl. Set in one of the culturally richest city of India, the duo knows the futility of their relationship. They do not deny the reality that caste has predetermined their do's and don't's; but they define their lives on their terms. The film neither rejects Deepak's views nor portrays him as gullible.
Anurag Kashyap's Mukkabaz, primarily a film based on boxing between two upper class people connects the caste issue more subtly. It addresses the reverse casteism and frames how power and money creates new 'upper class'. Remember how Kashyap shows a rich lower caste who is apparently happy because his peon belongs to upper class. Which the film tries to substantiate is the fact that the oppression remains in the name of caste.
The change of Dalit characterization also remains in Newton. Unlike upper caste privileged protagonist, the film's hero is a non-upper caste educated young person who nullifies the Bollywood's mainstream characterization of people from backward castes as patriarch, drunkard or vulnerable. Newton is a character who believes in constitutional rights and duties and also resists his family's traditional orthodox thoughts on dowry, child marriage etc. Amidst all oppositions, he grows up as a new hero of his own way.
The basic story line of Achhut Kanya and Sairat falls in the same line, tragic inter-caste relationship. 70 years passed but there is no hint of change in the depiction. All the story lines discussed here have abided the same. It upholds the difficulties faced by inter-caste relationships, it speaks of violence, put light on the vulnerabilities but also raises the question tha,t is there no change in the situation of Dalits in society in last seventy years? Introduction of reservation system, effective anti-caste movements have helped to acquire improvement in the Dalit representation in education and empowerment. But even today, if a Dalit comes on screen, it never ends with comedy. Since Jyotiba Phule;s educational aspirations to Vithal Palawankar's sporting legacy, optimistic and positive stories about Dalit people never find a mainstream position in Indian Hindi films. Currently, none of the most famous actress or actor in Hindi films are Dalit. The Indian Hindi films have seen no Dalit superstars after Divya Bharathi and Ajay Devgan. For Directors, screenwriters too, the statistics goes in the same way in contemporary times. Except Nagraj Manjule, Indian Hindi fim Industry has no Dalit film producer currently. This advert situation perhaps worsens the environment where a Dalit film faces tribulations to be mainstreamized.
READ ममता [कहानी]-डा. रतन कुमारी वर्मा
Scopes, Possibilities
The paramount perturbing tendency in Dalit representation in recent time's Hindi films can be summed up in two levels, one being the absolute absence while the other is lack of mainstreamisation. The infinitesimal space that Dalit perspective holds in contemporary Indian Hindi films is presented in a nuanced manner which is undoubtedly apathetic to a Brahmanical narrative of caste-system but refuse to adjudge caste based complications to be a relevant part of so called cosmopolitan urban educated space. Indian Hindi popular films unequivocally lack prominent characters from backward castes, but what makes the situation more muddled is its rendition of Dalit characters as vulnerable entities who are often affected by corrupt political ideologies and never ever emerge to be a hero who is capable enough to wave away the discriminations without any fear. The popular narrative subalternizes the Dalits by creating a so called liberal yet extremely castiest characterization of an upper-caste savior who will somehow help the Dalits to acquire equal rights and social designation. This sheer sense of authorization, of speaking for someone else who is not entitled to have a voice of its own is of absolute intricacy and shame. The Dalit women or Dalit queers experiences these discriminations more intensely. In the hindi popular film, we still find that dalit women are in oppressed position and we are unable to find they revolt. The argument is that slowly and surely the things are changing, cannot be nullified though. With films like Massan, Mukkabaz, Faundry etc may be the scenario will be altered in near future. With the outlook of a philanthropic privileged towards an under privileged can result in to 'charity', the idea of which is poles apart from equality; it is undeniable that an equal and inclusive depiction is still a way too far and difficult to be trodden.
Joshi, Namrata (2016, January 23) "New Voices but not Enough Noise", The Hindu,
Wikipedia; The Free Encyclopedia
Waghmore, Somnath (Updated, 2018, May 19) "Where are The Dalits? Their Representation in the Indian Film Industry is a Mere 0.1%", News 18, Opinion
Waghmore, Somnath (Updated, 2018, 19th May) "Where are The Dalits? Their Representation in the Indian Film Industry is a Mere 0.1%", News 18, Opinion
Puru, (2018, December 16), Sadgati, Art House Cinema,
Mandal, Dilip (2019, February 8) Lagaan to Dhadak; Bollywood has a Dalit Problem and it Refuses to Fix it, The Print, Opinion
Mandal, Dilip (2019, February 1) Kangana Ranaut's Manikarnika fails Dalit Warrior Jhalkaribai with 5min role and 'item' Song, The Print, Opinion.
Jyoti, Dhrubo (Updated 2018, July 24), "Dhadak Differs from Sairat in Gaze, Not Caste", Hindustan Times
Pratap, Kunwar Nitin "Trailor Review of 'Article 15' Is Indian Cinema Ready to Take on Casteism?", Youth Ki Awaaz
Zachariah, Sharon, "Massan: A Critical Analysis of the Inter-play of Caste, Gender, Life and Death" , Tata Institute of Social Science.
Kaushal, Sweta, (Updated 2018, January 17) "Mukkabaaz and Anurag Kashyap's Caste Politics", Hindustan Times.
Viduthalai,P; Divakar, A,K; Dr. Natarajan, V; "Faliure of Dalit Renaissance; A Semiotic Analysis of Dalit and Non Dalit Films", Amity Journal of Media and Communication Studies (ISSN 2231-1033), 2017, Vol.7,No.1.
Wankhede, Harish (Updated 2019, July 16) "An Uppercaste Gaze", Indian Express, Opinion.
Brahmanical gazeDalitHegemonyIndian cinemaMainstream Film
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"The Scattered (Dalit) Spectacles; the Narrative of Indian (Hindi) Films since 1940s to Contemporary Time-Saddam Hossain, Saddam Hossain." JANKRITI/ जनकृति - Accessed January 21, 2021. http://www.jankriti.com/dalit-cinema/
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14 Political Biographies Every Woman Needs To Read
By E. Ce Miller
@notoriousrbg
If you spend even five minutes watching the nightly news these days, it's easy to start believing that nothing good has ever come from politics, ever. And in some ways, it seems like we're all starting to take for granted that every politician is corrupt (and the few that aren't will only get steamrolled in Congress or attacked on Twitter,) the White House will never truly be anything more than a good ol' boys club, and the entire democratic process has become more about playing games of party loyalty than making decisions that benefit the country — and I'm totally with you on all these points. But that's why I'm recommending you read these political biographies; as a friendly reminder that there currently are, and historically have been, plenty of political figures (in the Oval Office and beyond) who have actually made the world a better place. (I mean, there aren't a TON, per se… but there are some.)
The political biographies on this list, in addition to taking you back to some seriously tumultuous times in history (sound familiar?) will also remind you that there are global leaders out there right now who you can depend on (Angela Merkel, Ruth Bader Ginsberg. And we're totally not letting Michelle Obama just disappear.) Here are 14 political biographies that every woman should read.
1. 'Michelle Obama: A Life' by Peter Slevin
The first comprehensive account of the life of the beloved and badass First Lady Michelle Obama, Peter Slevin's Michelle Obama: A Life traces the FLOTUS from her childhood on the South Side of Chicago, through her studies at Princeton University and Harvard Law School, all the way to her iconic residency at the White House. Few first ladies — at least in recent history — have been quite as loved as Michelle Obama, and this biography is a beautiful and inspiring tribute to the lady we're all wishing would now make a run for president herself.
Click here to buy.
2. 'The Secretary: A Journey with Hillary Clinton from Beirut to the Heart of American Power' by Kim Ghattas
Although the 2016 election was painful, the life and work of Hillary Clinton was made no less inspiring by her difficult loss in the presidential race. Kim Ghattas's The Secretary: A Journey with Hillary Clinton from Beirut to the Heart of American Power features the BBC foreign correspondent's writings from the road, where from 2008 Ghattas traveled with then-Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, interviewing Clinton and her advisers, administration officials, and key political figures in Washington D.C. and overseas. Offering readers not only a first-hand account of what it was like to witness Clinton deal with everything from Arab Spring to WikiLeaks to the war in Libya, this biography also explores both the power of a woman like Clinton, and the massive global influence of the United States of America.
3. 'The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher, from Grocer's Daughter to Prime Minister' by John Campbell
One of the most infamous political figures, and political women, of all time (not to mention being immortalized by Meryl Streep in a 2011 film of the same name) Margaret Thatcher served as the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990, and was the country's first female prime minister. In The Iron Lady: Margaret Thatcher, from Grocer's Daughter to Prime Minister, biographer John Campbell traces the political rise and fall of Thatcher, offering readers a balanced portrait of her complex and controversial life.
4. 'Until We Are Free: My Fight for Human Rights in Iran' by Shirin Ebadi
As the first Muslim woman to receive the Nobel Peace Prize, Shirin Ebadi is recognized around the world for her work as a human rights lawyer, defending women and children oppressed by the regime of the Islamic Republic of Iran. But when her own government turned against her —stripping her of her home, her marriage, her friends, her career, and finally her Nobel Prize — Ebadi took up a life in exile in the U.K. Her political autobiography, Until We Are Free: My Fight for Human Rights in Iran, details Ebadi's relentless spirit for service and heart for social justice, as her work continues to inspire millions of women.
5. 'Turning 15 on the Road to Freedom: My Story of the Selma Voting Rights March' by Lynda Blackmon Lowery
A middle grade political autobiography — but one that readers of any age will fall in love with — Turning 15 on the Road to Freedom: My Story of the Selma Voting Rights March tells the story of Lynda Blackmon Lowery, the youngest marcher in the 1965 voting rights march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama. She marched alongside Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., was jailed for civil disobedience nine times before she turned 15, and participated in some of the most influential nonviolent protests of the Civil Rights Movement.
6. 'When Women Win: EMILY's List and the Rise of Women in American Politics' by Ellen Malcolm
If you haven't heard of EMILY's List, it's a political organization that seeks to inspire change both within politics and through political action by getting more women elected to office. Founded in 1985, EMILY's List has worked to help elect 19 women Senators, 11 women governors, and 110 Democratic women to the House in the last three decades. Reading like a collection of short biographies and featuring the stories of iconic figures from Hillary Clinton, to Elizabeth Warren, to Barbara Mikulski, When Women Win: EMILY's List and the Rise of Women in American Politics is a much-needed reminder that when women win, we all win.
7. 'Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln' by Doris Kearns Goodwin
Doris Kearns Goodwin's Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln is hands-down one of the best books ever written about former President Abraham Lincoln, offering readers an expansive portrait of the brilliant and complex man: the political genius, inspirations, motivations, and compassion that made Lincoln one of the most influential and memorable American leaders of all time. It also tells the story of three of Lincoln's more controversial picks for his cabinet: William H. Seward, Salmon P. Chase, and Edward Bates, who all lost the 1860 Republican presidential nomination to the then relatively-unknown Lincoln himself.
8. 'Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg' by Irin Carmon and Shana Knizhnik
There is possibly more riding on the intelligence and strength of Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg than ever before, and as an unrelenting feminist, a fierce civil rights advocate, and an all-around political badass, we're glad we've got her on our side. Notorious RBG: The Life and Times of Ruth Bader Ginsburg details the life and work of Justice Ginsburg, and might even restore a little bit of your hope for the future of America.
9. 'This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa's First Woman President' by Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Winner of the 2011 Nobel Peace Prize and the first African female president in modern politics, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf became president of the Republic of Liberia in 2006. Her political autobiography, This Child Will Be Great: Memoir of a Remarkable Life by Africa's First Woman President, tells the story of Sirleaf's unique and inspiring life — starting with her childhood and taking readers through the Liberian civil war, to her presidential election win. As a champion of women's rights, economic equality, and free education, Sirleaf is definitely a woman whose story you want on your bookshelves.
10. 'Angela Merkel: The Authorized Biography' by Stefan Kornelius
Described as the "liberal West's last defender" by the New York Times back in November, Angela Merkel is the current Chancellor of Germany, and has been a measured and steadfast voice for progressive politics, social justice, and human dignity since she took office in 2005. In Angela Merkel: The Authorized Biography, Stefan Kornelius tells the story of Merkel's life, from her childhood in East Germany, through her global travels, all the way to her election as the single most powerful political figure in Europe.
11. 'Alexander Hamilton' by Ron Chernow
At 731 pages, Ron Chernow's political biography of Alexander Hamilton is definitely going to take up some space on your shelves — but between the Chernow's prize-winning writing and the fact that this is the biography-turned-musical that EVERYONE has been talking about, you're going to want to read this one. Alexander Hamilton tells the story of the controversial, compelling, and revolutionary political figure whose ideas and actions were pivotal to the birth of America.
12. 'Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography' by June Purvis
You're already familiar with the stories of Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton, two of the most recognized figures in the women's suffrage movement. But you may not be as familiar with Emmeline Pankhurst, the woman behind women's suffrage in the United Kingdom — a movement that rose several years before suffrage in the United States, and won women in the U.K. the right to vote in 1918. June Purvis's biography, Emmeline Pankhurst: A Biography tells the story of one of the bravest and most ardent feminists in history.
13. 'Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies' by J.B. West
For 28 years J.B. West worked as assistant to the chief usher and then as chief usher of the White House, in charge of coordinating the daily living of the president of the United States and the first family: directing state functions; planning parties, weddings and funerals; supervising the creation of gardens, playgrounds, and renovations; and organizing the major activities of the presidential home. In Upstairs at the White House: My Life with the First Ladies, West tells the stories of his experiences in the White House, and particularly with America's first ladies.
14. 'Eleanor Roosevelt: The Defining Years, 1933-38' by Blanche Wiesen Cook
Considered the "definitive portrait" of the United States' longest-serving First Lady Eleanor Roosevelt, Eleanor Roosevelt: The Defining Years, 1933-38 is the second title in Blanche Wiesen Cook's trilogy of political biographies about the life and times of the exceptional former-FLOTUS. Chronicling some of the most difficult and challenging years in the Roosevelts' political lives: the Great Depression, the New Deal, the impending world war, and more, this biography demonstrates the strength and intellect of a woman who worked as policymaker and social activist for women's rights and civil rights, even if it meant often opposing her president-husband.


text:
Can Stradivarius violins weather climate change? - Daily News Egypt
Environment Can Stradivarius violins weather climate change?
Can Stradivarius violins weather climate change?
Deutsche Welle February 27, 2019 Be the first to comment
The forest where the wood for Stradivarius violins comes from has been used for 300 years to build some of the best string instruments in the world. Climate change might change that. Angelo van Schaik reports.Back in the 17th century, Antonio Stradivari traveled for two days from his hometown Cremona to the Paneveggio forest in Northern Italy to locate the perfect wood for his instruments, which would become world famous.
Prized for their superior sound quality, an original Stradivarius can sell for millions of dollars. And more than 300 years after the death of the world's most famous luthier –someone who builds or repairs string instruments with a neck and a sound box – trees from this vast spruce woodland are still used to make violins, cellos, upright basses and pianos.
But the famous singing wood is feeling the effects of climate change in the form of more extreme weather, says local forester Paolo Kovacs, as he maneuvers his four-wheel drive around a narrow mountain path in the idyllic Fiemme Valley.
Last October, unusually violent storms ripped up more than 14 million trees across the Dolomite mountain range, where the Paneveggio forest is located.
"Those are almost all abete rosso," said Kovacs, referring in their Italian name to the acres of broken European spruces cascading down the mountain sides. "They have relatively short roots, so they fall over more easily."
Only one 25-meter (82-feet) spruce survived the storm in this particular area. "This one is around 150-years-old," said Kovacs, pointing to it. "It's a bit of a miracle it's still there, maybe it was covered by other trees or it has unusually long roots."
A long history
More than 250 kilometers (155 miles) away, in a workshop in the small city of Cremona, where Stradivari lived and worked, master luthier Stefano Conia passes his thumbnail over the rings of a piece of wood. The rings are remarkably close, all about half a centimeter apart, and almost identical.
"Listen," he said. "This is how it should be. This is going to be a great violin."
The 73-year-old should know. He's been making violins for 45 years and says this kind of uniformity is what makes the European spruce so suitable for building instruments.
That said, not every felled spruce makes the cut. For every tree that is eventually used, 20 to 30 others are deemed unworthy.
Conia is one of 156 luthiers working in what has become the capital of high-quality handmade instruments. Its long history of the craft and its proximity to the woods draw people from all over the world, eager to learn the art of violin-making.
Read more – World is losing vital forests quicker than ever
Conia himself is from Hungary. Giorgio Grisales — another luthier with his own workshop — moved here from Medellin, Colombia, in the 1970s to follow in Stradivari's footsteps. And in one corner of Grisales' workshop, a young man from Japan is shaping a long piece of wood into the neck of a cello.
A tradition under threat
While some fear this centuries-old tradition is at risk in light of the changing climate, Sandro Asinari, the vice-president of Cremona's guild of violin-makers, isn't concerned. At least not about the damage caused by the October storm.
"The woods are enormous," he says. "I know lots of trees have been damaged, but I also know the local foresters are working hard to save the trees that snapped. The guild has contracted a local woodworking company to collect fallen trees and saw them into pieces so they can be used to make instruments.
"Besides that, they are planting new trees at the moment. I'm very optimistic," added Asinari.
Still, forester Kovacs says planting trees won't help instrument-makers in the short-term. A spruce has to be at least 150-years-old before it can become a violin. To become a cello or upright bass, the tree has to be even older.
On top of this, Kovacs is concerned about the changing weather patterns he attributes to climate change. The October storm that hit the Dolomites was extraordinary.
"This one came from southeast, from the Adriatic sea," he said, explaining that the wind usually comes from the northeast of the Alps.
The weather system resembled the way hurricanes develop off the southeastern coast of the United States: "It was warmer than usual, it was stronger than usual and it brought more rain than usual."
Last year was the hottest in Italy since records began in 1800 and was 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit) warmer than the 1961-1990 average. The average temperature in the country has risen 0.1 Celsius degrees more than elsewhere in Europe, although it's not clear why Italy is warming more.
The effects are being felt across the country, not just in the singing woods. Around the same time the storms hit the northern province of Trento, Sicily, way down south, experienced heavy rain and floods that killed 10 people.
"I think we have to get used to it," said Kovacs. "The overall temperature of the atmosphere is rising, so the weather becomes more extreme. That's what we've seen here."
Despite Asinari's apparent lack of worry, he said the guild is making plans to ensure the future of their craft in the face of climate change.
"We're buying up pieces of the woods to control them better in the future," he said of the state-owned Paneveggio forest. "We are confident our tradition will last another 400 years."
Topics: climate change Stradivarius Weather
Source: DW Global
https://www.dw.com/en/can-stradivarius-violins-weather-climate-change/a-47538561?maca=en-rss_en_DailyNewsEgypt-14679-xml-mrss
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February 27, 2019 Breaking News


"Kilmount Presbyterian Church is situated in rural Co. Cavan about five miles from Cootehill. Like all rural communities, demographics fluctuate. Having had just one child of Sunday school age a decade ago, the last ten years have seen a significant increase in numbers, with over twenty children due to be at Sunday School within the next few years.
This has put pressure on space since Sunday School currently meets in the small session room at the rear of the church building during the morning service.
Plans are well advanced to replace the existing old stables with a multi-purpose Sunday School room which will prove a valuable resource for work and witness of the congregation in this rural community.
So writes the minister of Kilmount, Drum and Cootehill, the Rev. Daryl Edwards.
In Legacurry, it has been our recent policy to use our Harvest Thanksgiving to bless and support projects overseas and at home through PCI on alternate years. In the past we have supported Naas, Drogheda and Arklow and this year Session and Committee have agreed to join with the Sunday School Project and support the very small congregation of Kilmount to provide a multi-purpose room that will richly encourage their potential for kingdom work in that area. As a congregation, we have strong links with Cavan and Monaghan and I'm sure we will want to throw our weight behind this project through our generosity.


The 10th anniversary issue of countercultural lifestyle magazine Huck is based around the theme of independence, and kicks off with a strident introduction from editor-in-chief Andrea Kurland, in which she emphasises the importance of paddling against the flow.
When it started, Huck only existed in print, but the last decade has seen it switch focus, and it now aims to be a digital-first publisher that tells its stories across several different platforms. Eager for an update, I met with Andrea to talk about the new issue, working across print and digital, and future ambitions.
Congratulations on your 10th anniversary! Tell me about the issue.
Thank you! The theme of the issue is independence, which fits as a celebration of our own decade of self-rule. We look at the struggles and challenges, but also benefits that come with being independent. Inside, we explore NYC's Kiki scene, dance culture in Palestine, the punk scene in Soweto, South Africa, and we also meet people like Royal Trux and Marc Maron to explore the depths of what what it means to be independent in 2016.
You've been going for 10 years, and publishing has changed a lot in that time. What's your approach to online content?
We think of ourselves as digital first and we're always prioritising stories to go out online. We publish five to seven stories daily, and one or two videos per month. Online the reach is so much bigger and the engagement is instant, even if it's just comments on Instagram or Facebook. Of course you have to analyse the analytics, but we're also constantly touching base with readers about how our content is doing. In that way we're not only driven by stats, but also by what's resonating. We use that to chop and change our direction every single day.
How does the online content relate to the printed?
We may be talking about the same topics and to similar people, but whereas we aim for our printed content to be in-depth and evergreen, our online content is timely, newsworthy and more immediate. Whatever's happening in mass media news, we want to be able to bring our readers the alternative Huck stance on it – a counter-narrative.
You've also ventured into filmmaking – how do you see video as part of Huck?
Video is yet another way for us to flex our storytelling muscles. A lot of the written stories from the magazine might turn into short films, and vice versa. But the story that is told may turn out quite different because of the nature of the different media.
Our latest film was on a self-built skateboarding park in South Africa (below) and it comes to life in a very empathic, human way, whereas in print it was more of a portrait feature. The multiple media allow us to tell our stories in different ways.
Do the films ever take on a life of their own that goes beyond the web? Have you been invited to any film festivals?
Yes! Actually, a film we made on the makers of blue plaques (below) was invited to a film festival without us applying for it, which is really exciting. But that also taps into something that I see as one of our biggest weaknesses; at the moment we're making so much content and putting it out there, but because we have such a big workload, we move on to the next piece without properly promoting our published pieces.
So it's really exciting when people come to us and tell us they like it and they want to work with us. We've had multiple opportunities come from making our own films, so it'll be interesting to see where that will go.
What are some of your ambitions for the future?
I'd like to keep experimenting with formats, which is something I personally find really exciting. I want to keep pushing the photography side of things, which I think we're quite strong at. We're planning to start a podcast, and to broaden out our annual exhibition – and hopefully start a few projects that will give back to the photography community as well.
In what ways does the online engagement feed into the printed magazine?
Everything we do online becomes our field notes – we can test things out, and if something seems to resonate, or if an interviewee introduces us to a new movement, it becomes a great entry point for features in the printed magazine. I think that has definitely made our print content more original.
At the beginning of 2015 we changed our approach to the printed magazine and started making themed issues. For each issue we ask a different question, which we use as an entry point for every story. For example, for the Roots issue we asked, "Where have you come from, and how has your background shaped you?".
I guess I should let you answer that question then!
I think the biggest challenge with being small is not having a big cashflow; you have to make hard decisions about what you can and can't afford, and you don't have much to fall back on if something goes wrong.
But thinking about it, those things are the exact same things that I love about being independent. Being a small team you're nimble and able to make decisions quickly; if you don't have that much money you need to really consider how to use those resources. In the end, I think everything that could be a challenge with regards to being independent is actually its strength.
How do you approach the unknowable?


As the Claret-and-Cobalt pull off their smooth finishes, you can show your support with this men's soccer t-shirt. Showing off a big team graphic on the front, it features soft heathered single jersey fabric.. Crewneck. Screenprinted Real Salt Lake graphic on front incorporating state outline. Trefoil and adidas wordmark printed on left sleeve. Heathered fabric. Officially licensed by MLS. 50% cotton / 37.5% polyester / 12.5% rayon single jersey.


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We are delighted to announce that the Club will have its own Sports Therapist working from Kilsby Lane.
The club wish to look after the welfare of all its players, so are offering this consultation service free.
Tereze will be available on Thursday's, 6pm to 9pm beginning 28th September.
We encourage any player who has a knock, or who has a problem with an injury, to book an appointment with Tereze. Parents can be present.


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Q: Using objects inside list as function arguments in lapply I am trying to learn different ways to use to the objects inside a list as the FUN arguments in lapply. Take this data:
A <- list(a = matrix(0, ncol = 3, nrow = 3), b = matrix(0, ncol = 3, nrow = 3))
B <- list(a = matrix(1, ncol = 1, nrow = 3), b = matrix(1, ncol = 1, nrow = 3))
D <- mapply(FUN="list", A, B, SIMPLIFY=F, USE.NAMES=F)
D <- lapply(D, `names<-`, c("first", "second"))
D
[[1]]
[[1]]$`first`
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0

[[1]]$second
     [,1]
[1,]    1
[2,]    1
[3,]    1

[[2]]
[[2]]$`first`
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0

[[2]]$second
     [,1]
[1,]    1
[2,]    1
[3,]    1

Desired result:
[[1]]
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0
[4,]    1    1    1

[[2]]
     [,1] [,2] [,3]
[1,]    0    0    0
[2,]    0    0    0
[3,]    0    0    0
[4,]    1    1    1

This is how I would normally do it:
lapply(D, function(x) rbind(x$first, as.numeric(x$second)))

Now I am wondering whether there is a way to avoid using function(x) and repeating all those xs. Something like:
lapply(D, "rbind", <args>)

How can I let rbind (or any other function) know that I am referring to objects within the frame of lapply?
Thank you,
K.

A: To "avoid using function(x) and repeating all those xs", we could use with():
lapply(D, with, rbind(first, as.numeric(second)))

A: Update
As per the commments changed the code to keep only the right solution.

As some of the commentators said, the problem is that B would need to be transposed, to find an elegant solution. You should have a look to library(purrr) because with that the whole problem reduces to:
map2(A, B, ~ rbind(.x, t(.y)))
# $`a`
#      [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,]    0    0    0
# [2,]    0    0    0
# [3,]    0    0    0
# [4,]    1    1    1

# $b
#      [,1] [,2] [,3]
# [1,]    0    0    0
# [2,]    0    0    0
# [3,]    0    0    0
# [4,]    1    1    1

What map2 does is that it takes 2 lists and applies the function to each element of these lists. The ~ syntax is a shortcut for function(.)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


A man is accused of assaulting a Secret Service officer after the large immigration rally outside the White House on Saturday. News4's Scott MacFarlane reports.
Steven Carmona is accused of illegally parking his BMW along Pennsylvania Avenue, moving a bicycle rack-style security barrier erected for the rally and screaming at the officers "Where is the president?" according to a Secret Service affidavit obtained by the News4 I-Team.
"Carmona was placed under arrest for assaulting a federal law enforcement officer. While being placed under arrest, Carmona asked 'Where is the President?' He also stated to officers 'Just end it, just kill me,'" the affidavit says.
Organizers say 30,000 protesters gathered outside the White House for the Families Belong Together rally, where speakers made an emotional plea for children to be reunited with parents and an end to zero-tolerance immigration policies at the border.
A News4 I-Team investigation reveals nearly 30 breaches of White House security since 2014.


If you're already hopping then you just came from the Talented Monica Gale's blog. If you're just joining in, no problem! Just use the "Next" Button below and hop all the way around!
Today my Peek-a-Boo Flap Card features the fun stamp set: Everyday Hero. As soon as I saw this set, I knew I had to have it! I have 2 little boys who are totally into superheroes, it was a MUST-HAVE!
I love all the images in this stamp set: the male and female hero, the comic book elements and especially the cape on a hanger! Even superheroes need to rest!
Thanks for hopping in, I hope you enjoyed my take on the Peek-a-Boo Flap card. Up next is the Talented Shannean Moncrieff's Blog. Enjoy!
3 - Martha Inchley - That's me!
Oh Martha, it's like you crafted a card just for me. Loving the ray background on the super hero and the dress.