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Biliary injuries after pancreatic surgery: interventional radiology management
Salvatore Alessio Angileri, Giovanna Gorga, Silvia Tortora, Maayan Avrilingi, Mario Petrillo, Anna Maria Ierardi, Gianpaolo Carrafiello
Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Contributions: (I) Conception and design: All authors; (II) Administrative support: All authors; (III) Provision of study materials or patients: All authors; (IV) Collection and assembly of data: All authors; (V) Data analysis and interpretation: All authors; (VI) Manuscript writing: All authors; (VII) Final approval of manuscript: All authors.
Correspondence to: Salvatore Alessio Angileri. Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Email: ang.alessio@yahoo.it.
Abstract: Bile duct injuries are among the most feared complications after pancreatic surgery. Most of these surgical complications are related to iatrogenic injuries and include bile leakage, biliary duct obstruction or stricture and infection. A wide range of Interventional Radiology treatment options are currently available. The options include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC), percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD), percutaneous balloon dilatation and stenting, image-guided percutaneous abscess drainage. The purpose of this review is to describe the current evidence in this continuously evolving field.
Keywords: Biliary injuries; percutaneous interventions; transhepatic biliary drainage; biliary stents
Submitted Nov 19, 2018. Accepted for publication Jan 23, 2019.
doi: 10.21037/gs.2019.01.05
Pancreatic surgery is the primary therapy in various hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases. Despite the improvements achieved in surgical techniques, biliary injuries remain a critical problem and a major cause of morbidity. The difficult location of the pancreas gland due to the presence of vital structures that surround it and the creation of a new anastomosis between the biliary and the gastrointestinal system, add complexity to pancreatic surgery (1-4).
In the past two decades, post-operative mortality after pancreatic surgery has decreased (2–5%), however, the incidence of post-operative complications remains high (30–60%) (5-8). Postoperative morbidities such as biliary anastomotic stricture, formation of gallstones, abscesses and bilomas, whose incidence range from 3% to 14%, may lead to later interventions (3,8,9). Bile leakage, biliary duct obstruction or stricture and infection represent the most common complications after surgery (8,9). Proper diagnosis and treatment of surgical biliary injuries (SBI) are paramount in preventing the life-threatening complications of cholangitis, intra-abdominal infection, biliary cirrhosis, end-stage liver disease and possibly resulting in death (10).
In many cases a definite diagnosis of a suspected postoperative complication needs a radiological confirmation. CT, MRI and ultrasound are valid methods in the diagnosis of SBI (3,8). Since the 1970's, when the first image-guided percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) was performed, there was a constant development of technical advices and techniques, leading to more treatment opportunities and better outcomes in interventional radiology (IR). To date radiological interventions play a pivotal rule and are considered the first-line management of postoperative complications optimizing the patient's condition often resulting in a definitive treatment (5-7,11).
Biliary leakage
The definition of postoperative biliary leakage still remains arbitrary. Most definitions are based on cut-off values for the volume of drain fluid, ranged from 20 to 50 mL, and/or the bilirubin concentration within the drain fluid, from 5 to 20 mg/d, including certain time intervals that varied between 24 hours and 14 days after operation (1).
Biliary leakage may originate from injury of the bile ducts, or from anastomotic leakage after bilio-enteric anastomosis. Literature shows an incidence from 2% to 10% after pancreatic surgery without iatrogenic biliary injury; if biliary injury occurred incidence may rise up to 24% (Table 1) (1,3,4,11-15). A multivariate analysis has shown that there are no independent risk factors to predict bile leakage (4).
Table 1 Incidence biliary leaks in pancreatic surgery
Placement of transpupillary plastic stents, biliary sphincterotomy alone, or a combination of both, is the first-line treatment for biliary leaks (8). However, after radical surgery, the endoscopic approach is limited and therefore it is necessary to proceed with percutaneous procedures to avoid a new surgical approach.
All patients with a high grade of bile leakage can be considered candidates for IR procedures, including percutaneous drainage of intra-abdominal fluid collections, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC) and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD).
PTC and PTBD
PTC is a diagnostic interventional radiology procedure that requires the sterile placement of a fine needle into peripheral biliary tree under fluoroscopic guidance; the injection of contrast material needs to delineate biliary anatomy and potential pathologic processes (Figure 1) (16).
Figure 1 Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography with Chiba needle under fluoroscopic guidance.
The patients are prepared with high-spectrum antibiotic to avoid the risk of cholangitis and sepsis. Intravenous analgesics are usually administered just before and during the procedure, and the patient is usually under mild sedation (17). The puncture of the bile duct can be performed by ultrasound or fluoroscopic guidance. Site of puncture should be as peripheral as possible because central puncture have higher risk for major vascular injury. The cholangiography is decision-making to plan treatment (11,17).
PTBD is the only endoluminal treatment option for biliary leakage when duodenum and common bile duct cannot be cannulated. It gives the opportunity to create a low-pressure system along the biliary tract, redirect the bile flow from the defect into the bile ducts allowing the leak to heal, to avoid further surgery or as a bridging therapy while stabilizing the patient's condition prior to surgery (11).
Using dedicated guiding and catheter systems, under fluoroscopic guidance, a tube or stent is placed for external and/or internal drainage to cover the biliary tract (Figure 2) (16).
Figure 2 Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in bilio-enteric stricture after pancreatic surgery.
When the biliary leak persists, some safe and effective interventional procedures may be considered in relation to the characteristics of the bile injury. In particular, the biliary duct isolated can be occluded by the use of embolizing agents, such as fibrin, acetic acid, ethanol and glues (18). On the other hand, stent graft, coils or plug can be used to embolize leakage or fistula communicating with the biliary tree (Figure 3) (17,19-21).
Figure 3 Biliary leak. (A) PTC demonstrated biliary leakage after hepatectomy; (B) stent and plug placement covered successfully the leakage. PTC, percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography.
Allergic reactions to contrast agent and large volumes of ascites are relative contraindications; instead, uncontrollable coagulation status and lack of a safe access route are the only severe contraindications (11,16,21).
In patients with persistent coagulopathy, these procedures may still be indicated if they are associated with a lower expected morbidity rate than alternative methods of diagnosis or treatment (16).
Technical success and complications
Successful PTC is defined as sufficient needle localization and contrast material opacification to allow image-based diagnosis or planning of treatment. Successful PTBD is defined as the placement of a tube or stent with use of imaging guidance to provide continuous drainage of bile (16).
In patients with non-dilated ducts, technical success of PTC has been reported between 65% and 90% (11). Success rates of PTBD for biliary leakage are reported to be 40–100% without secondary surgery (Table 2) (11,22-27).
Table 2 Biliary leaks treated with interventional radiology procedures and success rate
Sohn et al. [2003] preformed PTC and/or PTBD procedures on 39 patients with postoperative biliary leaks. The procedures were successful in 32 out of the 39 patients treated, with a success rate of 82% (13). Popat et al. [2017] preformed PTBD procedures on 157 patients with postoperative biliary leaks between the years 2002–2014. The procedure was successful in 62 out of the 157 patients treated, with a success rate of 40%.
The intrahepatic bile ducts were dilated in 17 patients (11%) and non-dilated in 140 patients (89%) (22). Mastier et al. [2018] preformed PTBD procedures on 101 patients with postoperative biliary leaks. The procedure was successful in 75 out of the 101 patients treated, with a success rate of 74% (24).
The average time range from PTBD placement to resolution of the leak is described as 9–150 days. In patients with biliary leakage, the biliary ducts are often non-dilated compared to biliary obstruction and the complication rate is reported to be higher (11,28).
The rate of major complications after PTC and PTBD is 2% to 4% and up to 25%, but there is a lack of differentiation between major and minor complications (11).
Major complications may be haemorrhage secondary to arterial injury as well as subcapsular liver hematoma, residual biliary stenosis, ductal perforation with risk for biliary peritonitis, sepsis, cholangitis, pancreatitis, metabolic acidosis from continuous bile loss have been also reported. A minor complication could be fever with chills, pain and peri-catheter leak (11,16,17).
Patients with coagulopathies, cholangitis, stones, malignant obstruction, or proximal obstruction will have higher complication rates (8,11,16,17).
Bilioenteric stricture
Anastomotic stricture is defined as a radiologically demonstrated narrowing of the biliary-enteric anastomosis associated with symptoms (jaundice, cholangitis or deranged liver function tests) requiring percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical treatment (3,29). Post-operative biliary stricture usually presented on an average period of 2.3 years (range, 0–15.3 years) after surgery, without any relationship with the nature of the primary disease (29,30).
Bile duct stenosis occurs within 30 days from surgery, predominantly with symptoms such as fever and sepsis, otherwise with asymptomatic jaundice (8). In cases of complete stenosis of the common bile duct, an increase of intraductal pressure is observed with bile loss from the site of the anastomosis and consequent peritonitis.
The incidence of biliary stricture formation in patients with benign and malignant disease ranges from 2.0% to 3.6% (Table 3) (3,4,29). The diameter of the common bile duct ≤5 mm represents a risk factor for bilio-enteric stenosis. Another factor associated with stenosis is the use of suture thread (6/0) for anastomosis (4).
Table 3 Incidence biliary stricture in pancreatic surgery
The non-invasive diagnosis of biliary stricture can be performed by ultrasound, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. Without contraindications, endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is the gold standard invasive diagnostic procedure. Cholangiography can establish ductal stenosis, identify its level and recognize the nature of the lesion (8,16).
PTC allows the subsequent placement of biliary drainage, dilation of stenosis, extraction of calculi if present or placement of a stent through severe stenosis.
The interventional treatment depends on the degree of injury, the presence of complications and the operational risk of the patient (8,21). Once the stenosis has been overcome, a decision whether to attempt balloon dilation should be made. The period between the creation of the anastomosis and the leak may be considered; when less than 1 month, leakage may be related to post-surgical oedema or a kink. Balloon dilation may be effective.
Balloon dilatation of focal segment strictures determines the patency of short- and long-term stenosis of 50–90% and 56–74% respectively. Instead, strictures of long or multifocal segments do not respond to dilatation (21).
The diameter of the balloon must be oversized by 25–30%. The balloon size usually varies from 10 to 14 mm in the main ducts and 4 to 8 mm in the distal bile ducts. The dilation must be repeated several times in the site of stenosis with different duration (21).
The clinical success rate of PTC with balloon dilation as a first line treatment is from 66% to 87% (Table 4) (30-35).
Table 4 Bilioenteric strictures treated with interventional radiology procedures and success rate
Bonnel et al. [2012] performed PTBD procedures with a balloon dilatation on 87 patients with postoperative bilio-enteric stricture. The procedures were successful in 74 out of the 87 patients treated, with a success rate of 85% (34). Janssen et al. [2014] preformed PTBD procedures with a balloon dilatation on 98 patients with postoperative bilioenteric stricture. The procedures were successful in 85 out of the 98 patients treated, with a success rate of 87% (35). DePietro et al. [2015] preformed PTBD procedures with a balloon dilatation on 71 patients with postoperative bilioenteric stricture. The procedures were successful in 46 out of the 71 patients treated, with a success rate of 65% (32).
Major complications (2%) are hemobilia, biliary loss, sepsis, cholangitis and pancreatitis. Stent placement may be associated with complications such as occlusion and distal (5.9%) or proximal (4.9%) migration (8,16,17,36).
The choice of the biliary stent (plastic or metallic) depends on the nature of the obstruction (benign vs. malignant) (17). Plastic biliary stents are made of polyethylene, polyurethane, or Teflon. The size of plastic stents is limited to 12Fr when placed endoscopically, or to 14Fr when placed percutaneously, whereby the created large intrahepatic tract can be challenging to seal.
Plastic internal stents are cheapest but reportedly prone to migration. Self-expanding metal stents (SEMS) are larger than plastic to reduce the possibility of migration and maintain patency longer, but are associated with increased risk of cholangitis (37). Mean patency rate of SEMS is 6–9 months with an occlusion rate of 30–40% (17). Metal stent are composed of metal alloys, such as platinum, nitinol, or stainless steel. The length of available SEMS ranges from 4 to 12 cm, and expanded diameters reach 6 to 10 mm.
SEMS can be fully-covered, partially covered, or uncovered (37). Bare or uncovered stent are composed by a mesh structure. This mesh permits to the endoprosthesis to be anchored into the biliary wall and diminishes the risk of migration. However, migration is reported in 20–50% of the cases within the next six months; moreover the neoplastic tissue can grow through the mesh and close the stent (38).
Recently, a new biodegradable stent in polydioxanone is used to treat benign biliary strictures with good results in terms of patency of the biliary stricture. The monofilament loses 50% of its breaking strength after three weeks and is absorbed within 6 months (39). Percutaneous balloon dilatation and stenting form the backbone of treatment for strictures of biliary enteric anastomoses. Multiple procedures are often required, over a period of several months after the initial operation, to achieve good long-term patency. Nevertheless, a small part of the patients require surgical revision of their anastomoses (3,29).
Mini invasive radiological techniques became the first-approach treatment. The possibility of quick access to interventional radiology specialist has been shown to be successful in the urgent management of postoperative complications and has reduced re-operations associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality (6-8).
Intraabdominal abscess
Intraabdominal abscess is defined as an infected fluid collection; it is reported in 5.0% to 8.0% of patients following pancreatic surgery (Table 5) (6,7). Several studies were conducted in order to establish the risk factors related to the formation of intraabdominal abscesses. The type of pancreatic-digestive anastomosis does not influence the appearance of this complication. Another paper showed that the early removal of intraoperative drainage, on the fourth day after surgery, allowed a reduction in intra-abdominal abscess rates compared to removal after the eighth day postoperative (40).
Table 5 Incidence of intraabdominal abscesses after pancreatic surgery
Intraabdominal abscesses can be superinfected through contamination by colonized bile and therefore must be treated in order to prevent other comorbidities such as abdominal haemorrhage, prolonged hospitalization, and higher mortality (40,41). The common signs and symptoms are abdominal pain (83%), fever (80.5%), chills and perspiration (56%). Undrained abdominal abscess has a high mortality rate between 45% and 100% (2).
In recent years, intraabdominal abscess management and outcomes have improved due to innovation on new image-guided drainage techniques and modern surgical procedures. Imaging-guided techniques of percutaneous abscess drainage (PAD) lead to minimal tissue trauma and low morbidity and mortality rates (40). PAD are considered the first line treatment in both the paediatric and adult patients, in the absence of indications for immediate surgery (2,41-43). Ultrasound, CT, and fluoroscopy are the imaging modalities most frequently used for PAD. The choice of image guidance is individualized for each case based on abscess location, patient factors, operator experience and preference, and equipment availability (42-44). Ultrasound guidance is a real-time imaging technique and it is the method of choice in superficial abscesses, where there is a low risk of damage vascular structures, bowel, or pleural cavity (2).
CT is the method of choice when US guidance does not seem safe enough (40). Contraindications to percutaneous catheter placement include an uncorrected coagulopathy, lack of a safe percutaneous access route and inability of the patient to cooperate (2,42,44).
PAD may be performed using the Seldinger technique or the trocar technique, after subcutaneous administration of anaesthesia and IV moderate sedation. The Seldinger technique is a multistep procedure in which dilation and drain placement are performed after proper needle placement (2,41,42,44,45). The trocar technique is a monophasic procedure that is performed with a coaxial needle and drainage system. The trocar method avoids the risk of losing guidewire access during dilator exchanges performed in the Seldinger technique (42,44,46). The trocar technique may be preferable when crossing resistant structures or when Seldinger technique would increase patient discomfort (44).
According to the Society of Interventional Radiology guidelines, major complications may include: catheter-related pain, haemorrhage, infection and sepsis, fistula formation or visceral injury along the access route such as bowel obstruction or perforation (2,41). Indeed, minor complications are referring to catheter dislodgement and obstruction (41). The complication rate shown in literature is 2.5% (41). When PAD fails for the presence of septations or highly viscous contents, thrombolytic agents may be used to facilitate complete evacuation of abscess contents such as intracavitary urokinase in adults, tissue type plasminogen activator in paediatric patients (42-44).
Catheter removal may be considered when the patient is clinically improved and no longer feverish, and catheter output has decreased to <10–15 mL/day. In univariate and multivariate analyses, three independent variables were associated with a significantly lower rate of primary success of inserted PAD (45). These risks were: predisposing pathological conditions (risk 2.4 times higher than patients with other causes of abscess), presence of multiple abscesses (risk 2.5 times higher than patients with a single abscess), drainage removal with continuous daily production ≥15 mL/d (risk 4.1 times higher than those with lower drainage drain) (45). Success rate for CT-guided PAD ranges from 75.7–86.9% and 100%, with only a few patients requiring new operative drainage (5,6,8,13,43,47).
Sohn et al. [2003] preformed PAD procedures on 84 patients with postoperative intraabdominal abscesses. The procedures were successful in 73 out of the 84 patients treated, with a success rate of 87% (13). Carrafiello et al. [2011] preformed PAD procedures on 11 patients with postoperative intraabdominal abscesses. The procedures were successful in 11 out of the 11 patients treated, with a success rate of 100% (47). Casadei et al. [2014] preformed PAD procedures on 37 patients with postoperative intraabdominal abscesses. The procedures were successful in 28 out of the 37 patients treated, with a success rate of 76% (Table 6) (5).
Table 6 Intraabdominal abscesses treated with interventional radiology procedures and success rate
Advances in surgical technique and perioperative management of pancreatic surgeries have decreased postsurgical mortality; however, postoperative morbidity of patients remains 20–60% due to the complexity of these procedures (3,6,7,14). Transient jaundice and cholangitis are biliary complications that lead to a favorable outcome without invasive interventions, in contrast to bilio-enteric stricture, biliary leaks and intra-abdominal abscesses that risk further radiological or surgical treatments (3,4,11,13).
Surgical re-exploration is difficult and requires a high surgical competence due to the presence of oedema and scar tissue. Interventional radiology procedures are preferred as first line therapeutic option to avoid more invasive procedures (surgical or endoscopic) (47).
The role of the interventional radiologist is to diagnose the biliary damage and to treat with a definitive curative purpose or as a bridge for re-intervention. IR is an expanding field for the treatment of post-surgical complications that prevent the morbidity of re-intervention and long periods of hospitalization. A wide range of IR treatment options are currently available with a pivotal role in patient management. PAD, PTC, and PTBD are safe and effective procedures for the treatment of postsurgical biliary duct injuries (5,11).
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Cite this article as: Angileri SA, Gorga G, Tortora S, Avrilingi M, Petrillo M, Ierardi AM, Carrafiello G. Biliary injuries after pancreatic surgery: interventional radiology management. Gland Surg 2019;8(2):141-149. doi: 10.21037/gs.2019.01.05
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All Daily Record Girls Track and Field Bios
Jane Havsy
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Camille Carter, Morristown
Finished eighth in the 100 and ninth in the 200 at North 1 Group IV. Also was part of the Colonials' 4x100 and 4x400.
Won the Morris County 100 title. Also finished fourth in the 200 and led off Moristown's 4x400.
Won the NJAC Large-Schools 100 title and placed sixth in the 200.
Gina Dello Russo, Whippany Park
Competed in pole vault and high jump at the Meet of Champions.
Finished seventh in the pole vault, tied for seventh in the high jump and ninth in the 400, and was part of the Wildcats' 4x400 at Group II.
Placed second in the North 2 Group II 200, 400, high jump, and pole vault.
Won Morris County titles in the 200 and 400. Also finished third in high jump and fifth in pole vault.
Cleared five feet to tie for fourth on the first-place team at Morris County Relays. Also tied for third in pole vault on another winning relay, and anchored the Wildcats' second-place 4x200.
Finished second in the 200 and 400 at NJAC-Small. Also cleared five feet and placed third in the high jump on misses and was eighth in pole vault.
Alexis Smith, Roxbury
Finished 12th in the 400 at the Meet of Champions, and anchored Roxbury's 4x400.
Placed seventh in the Group II 400 and anchored the Gaels' 4x400.
Anchored the Gaels' third-place 4x400 at North 1 Group III. Also finished fifth in the 400 and ninth in the 200.
Finished second in the 400 and ninth in the 200 at the Morris County Championships. Also was part of Roxbury's third-place 4x400.
Finished second in the 400, fourth in the 200 and ninth in the 400 hurdles at NJAC-Large, and was part of the Gaels' winning 4x400.
Micaela Poggi, Mount Olive
Competed in the 800 at the Meet of Champions, and was part of the Marauders' 4x800.
Placed fourth in the Group II 800 (area-best 2:15.22) and was part of Mount Olive's 4x800.
Finished fourth in the 800 and was part of Mount Olive's fourth-place 4x800 at North 1 Group III.
Placed fifth in the 800 and eighth in the 400 at the Morris County Championships.
Finished second in the 800 and fourth in the 400 at NJAC-Large.
1,600 meters
Sierra Castaneda, West Morris
Finished fifth in the 3,200 at the Meet of Champions in an area-best 10:34.92.
Placed second in the Group II 3,200 and third in the 1,600 (area-best 4:53.66).
Won the North 2 Group III 800, 1,600 and 3,200, and was part of West Morris' 4x800.
Won Morris County titles in the 1,600 and 3,200, and was second in the 800.
Part of the Wolfpack's winning distance medley, second-place 4x1,600, and third-place sprint medley at Morris County Relays.
Won the NJAC Large-Schools 1,600 and 3,200 and placed sixth in the 800.
Olivia Viparina, Roxbury
Placed sixth in the 3,200 at the Meet of Champions.
Finished fifth in the Group II 3,200.
Finished second in the North 1 Group III 3,200 and third in the 1,600.
Placed second in the 3,200 and third in the 1,600 at the Morris County Championships.
Led off the Gaels' second-place sprint medley at Morris County Relays.
Finished second in the NJAC-Large 3,200.
100 hurdles
Elly Scherer, Randolph
Finished seventh in the 100 hurdles at the Meet of Champions.
Placed fourth in the Group IV 100 hurdles (area-best 14.56) and anchored Randolph's 4x100.
Finished second in the 100 hurdles and anchored the Rams' fourth-place 4x100 at North 1 Group IV.
Won the Morris County title in the 100 hurdles (14.57) and was fourth in the open 100.
Led off Randolph's winning sprint medley at Morris County Relays.
Won the NJAC Large-Schools 100 hurdles title.
Marlo Wehrer, Pequannock
Placed seventh in the 400 hurdles and also competed in the 100 hurdles at the Meet of Champions.
Won the Group II 400 hurdles (area-best 1:02.2). Also placed fifth in the 100 hurdles and anchored Pequannock's 4x100 and 4x400.
Won the North 1 Group II 400 hurdles (meet record 1:02.28). Also finished second in the 100 hurdles and anchored the Panthers' third-place 4x100 and fourth-place 4x400.
Finished second in the 400 hurdles and eighth in the 100 hurdles at the Morris County Championships.
Won the NJAC Small-School 100 and 400 hurdles titles. Also placed fourth in the 200 and seventh in the 400.
Leah Wis, Montville
Tied for fifth in the high jump (5-4), finished eighth in the discus and also competed in javelin at Meet of Champions.
Finished second in the high jump (5-4), third in discus, seventh in the javelin and eighth in the 100 hurdles at Group III.
Won the North 1 Group III high jump (5-4). Placed second in the discus, javelin and 100 hurdles.
Cleared 5-2 in the high jump at the Morris County Championships and was second on misses. Was also third in discus and sixth in javelin.
Cleared 5-2, the top high jump mark, at Morris County Relays.
Won the NJAC Large-Schools discus and high jump. Also placed fifth in the 100 hurdles and sixth in javelin.
Placed eighth in the Penn Relays Championship of America discus.
Lainie Seijas, Mountain Lakes
Competed in the long and triple jumps at the Meet of Champions.
Finished second in the Group I long jump and fourth in the triple jump.
Placed second in the North 1 Group I long jump, third in the triple jump, and ninth in the 100 and 200.
Finished third in the long and triple jumps at the Morris County Championships.
Won the Morris County sophomore long jump title, tying the area best mark of 18-73/4. Also won the sophomore triple jump.
Placed second in the long jump, fifth in the triple jump, sixth in the 100 and 10th in the 200 at NJAC-Small.
Tymia Joseph, Morris Knolls
Placed third in the long jump (18-3) and 14th in the triple jump at the Meet of Champions.
Finished sixth in the long jump and seventh in the triple jump at Group IV.
Placed second in the North 1 Group IV long and triple jumps. Also was fourth in the 100 hurdles and sixth in the 400 hurdles.
Won the Morris County long and triple jump titles. Also placed third in the 100 hurdles and sixth in the 400 hurdles.
Won the NJAC Large-Schools long and triple jumps, with an area-best 37-11 in the triple. Also finished third in the 100 hurdles and sixth in the 400 hurdles.
Julia Mszanski, Mendham
Tied for ninth in the pole vault at Meet of Champions.
Cleared 11-6 and placed second on misses in the Group III pole vault.
Won the North 2 Group III pole vault.
Won the Morris County pole vault title.
Finished second in the NJAC-Large pole vault.
Nickolette Dunbar, Whippany Park
Won the NJSIAA Meet of Champions title, breaking the meet, Morris County and New Jersey records with a 51-23/4 on her final attempt. Also finished seventh in the discus.
Won the Group II shot put and discus.
Won the North 2 Group II shot put (meet record 48-61/2) and discus.
Won the Morris County shot put title (meet record 48-101/4) and was second in discus.
Recorded the top shot put and discus marks at Morris County Relays.
Won the NJAC Small-School shot put (meet record 49-7) and discus (meet record and area-best 138-7).
Threw a meet-record 50-8 to win the Penn Relays Championship of America shot put.
Halia Rosemond, Morristown-Beard
Placed sixth in the discus at Meet of Champions, and also competed in shot put.
Won the Non-Public B discus and finished fourth in the shot put.
Won the Non-Public B North discus and shot put, and was fifth in javelin.
Won the Morris County discus title (137-2) and was seventh in shot put.
Finished second in discus and fourth in shot put at NJAC-Small.
Placed ninth in the Penn Relays Championship of America discus.
Kathryn Campbell, Parsippany
Competed in javelin at Meet of Champions.
Placed ninth in the Group II javelin.
Won the North 2 Group II javelin.
Won the Morris County javelin title (area-best 120-8), and also competed in shot put and discus.
Won NJAC Small-School javelin title. Also placed ninth in shot put and competed in discus.
Competed in the Penn Relays Championship of America javelin.
Audrey O'Neill, Emma Schacht, Sierra Tonnesen, Maggie Wadley
Competed at Group III.
Finished third in North 2 Group III.
Won the Morris County Relays title.
Josefine Loeken, Nora May McSorley, Stephanie Robinson, Liz Lansing
Placed eighth in Group III.
Finished second in North 1 Group IV in an area-best 3:59.77.
Won the Morris County title.
Placed third at Morris County Relays.
Finished second at NJAC Small Schools.
Nora May McSorley, Margaret Thomson, Carole Harsch, Liz Lansing
Finished eighth in Group IV.
Won North 1 Group IV in a meet-record 9:43.73.
Finished 14th at Penn Relays.
Ran area-best 9:27.05 to win the Cougar Classic and qualify for Penn Relays.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
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QDial

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Properties

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Detailed Description

QDial Class Reference

The QDial class provides a rounded range control (like a speedometer or potentiometer). More...

 #include <QDial>

Inherits: QAbstractSlider.

List of all members, including inherited members

Qt 3 support members

Properties

notchSize : const int

notchTarget : qreal

notchesVisible : bool

wrapping : bool

11 properties inherited from QAbstractSlider

58 properties inherited from QWidget

1 property inherited from QObject

Public Functions

 	QDial ( QWidget * parent = 0 )

 	~QDial ()

 int 	notchSize () const

 qreal 	notchTarget () const

 bool 	notchesVisible () const

 void 	setNotchTarget ( double target )

 bool 	wrapping () const

Reimplemented Public Functions

 virtual QSize 	minimumSizeHint () const

 virtual QSize 	sizeHint () const

22 public functions inherited from QAbstractSlider

221 public functions inherited from QWidget

29 public functions inherited from QObject

13 public functions inherited from QPaintDevice

Public Slots

 void 	setNotchesVisible ( bool visible )

 void 	setWrapping ( bool on )

2 public slots inherited from QAbstractSlider

19 public slots inherited from QWidget

1 public slot inherited from QObject

Protected Functions

 void 	initStyleOption ( QStyleOptionSlider * option ) const

Reimplemented Protected Functions

 virtual bool 	event ( QEvent * e )

 virtual void 	mouseMoveEvent ( QMouseEvent * e )

 virtual void 	mousePressEvent ( QMouseEvent * e )

 virtual void 	mouseReleaseEvent ( QMouseEvent * e )

 virtual void 	paintEvent ( QPaintEvent * pe )

 virtual void 	resizeEvent ( QResizeEvent * e )

 virtual void 	sliderChange ( SliderChange change )

8 protected functions inherited from QAbstractSlider

37 protected functions inherited from QWidget

8 protected functions inherited from QObject

1 protected function inherited from QPaintDevice

Additional Inherited Members

6 signals inherited from QAbstractSlider

1 signal inherited from QWidget

1 signal inherited from QObject

4 static public members inherited from QWidget

7 static public members inherited from QObject

1 protected slot inherited from QWidget

Detailed Description

The QDial class provides a rounded range control (like a speedometer or potentiometer).

QDial is used when the user needs to control a value within a program-definable range, and the range either wraps around (for example, with angles measured from 0 to 359 degrees) or the dialog layout needs a square widget.

Since QDial inherits from QAbstractSlider, the dial behaves in a similar way to a slider. When wrapping() is false (the default setting) there is no real difference between a slider and a dial. They both share the same signals, slots and member functions. Which one you use depends on the expectations of your users and on the type of application.

The dial initially emits valueChanged() signals continuously while the slider is being moved; you can make it emit the signal less often by disabling the tracking property. The sliderMoved() signal is emitted continuously even when tracking is disabled.

The dial also emits sliderPressed() and sliderReleased() signals when the mouse button is pressed and released. Note that the dial's value can change without these signals being emitted since the keyboard and wheel can also be used to change the value.

Unlike the slider, QDial attempts to draw a "nice" number of notches rather than one per line step. If possible, the number of notches drawn is one per line step, but if there aren't enough pixels to draw every one, QDial will skip notches to try and draw a uniform set (e.g. by drawing every second or third notch).

Like the slider, the dial makes the QAbstractSlider functions setValue(), addLine(), subtractLine(), addPage() and subtractPage() available as slots.

The dial's keyboard interface is fairly simple: The left/up and right/down arrow keys adjust the dial's value by the defined singleStep, Page Up and Page Down by the defined pageStep, and the Home and End keys set the value to the defined minimum and maximum values.

If you are using the mouse wheel to adjust the dial, the increment value is determined by the lesser value of wheelScrollLines multipled by singleStep, and pageStep.

Dials shown in various widget styles (from left to right): Plastique, Windows XP, Macintosh.

See also QScrollBar, QSpinBox, QSlider, GUI Design Handbook: Slider, and Sliders Example.

Property Documentation

notchSize : const int

This property holds the current notch size.

The notch size is in range control units, not pixels, and if possible it is a multiple of singleStep() that results in an on-screen notch size near notchTarget().

By default, this property has a value of 1.

Access functions:

 int 	notchSize () const

See also notchTarget() and singleStep().

notchTarget : qreal

This property holds the target number of pixels between notches.

The notch target is the number of pixels QDial attempts to put between each notch.

The actual size may differ from the target size.

The default notch target is 3.7 pixels.

Access functions:

 qreal 	notchTarget () const

 void 	setNotchTarget ( double target )

notchesVisible : bool

This property holds whether the notches are shown.

If the property is true, a series of notches are drawn around the dial to indicate the range of values available; otherwise no notches are shown.

By default, this property is disabled.

Access functions:

 bool 	notchesVisible () const

 void 	setNotchesVisible ( bool visible )

wrapping : bool

This property holds whether wrapping is enabled.

If true, wrapping is enabled; otherwise some space is inserted at the bottom of the dial to separate the ends of the range of valid values.

If enabled, the arrow can be oriented at any angle on the dial. If disabled, the arrow will be restricted to the upper part of the dial; if it is rotated into the space at the bottom of the dial, it will be clamped to the closest end of the valid range of values.

By default this property is false.

Access functions:

 bool 	wrapping () const

 void 	setWrapping ( bool on )

Member Function Documentation

QDial::QDial ( QWidget * parent = 0 )

Constructs a dial.

The parent argument is sent to the QAbstractSlider constructor.

QDial::~QDial ()

Destroys the dial.

bool QDial::event ( QEvent * e )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QObject::event().

void QDial::initStyleOption ( QStyleOptionSlider * option ) const<tt> [protected]</tt>

Initialize option with the values from this QDial. This method is useful for subclasses when they need a QStyleOptionSlider, but don't want to fill in all the information themselves.

See also QStyleOption::initFrom().

QSize QDial::minimumSizeHint () const<tt> [virtual]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::minimumSizeHint().

void QDial::mouseMoveEvent ( QMouseEvent * e )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::mouseMoveEvent().

void QDial::mousePressEvent ( QMouseEvent * e )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::mousePressEvent().

void QDial::mouseReleaseEvent ( QMouseEvent * e )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::mouseReleaseEvent().

void QDial::paintEvent ( QPaintEvent * pe )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::paintEvent().

void QDial::resizeEvent ( QResizeEvent * e )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::resizeEvent().

QSize QDial::sizeHint () const<tt> [virtual]</tt>

Reimplemented from QWidget::sizeHint().

void QDial::sliderChange ( SliderChange change )<tt> [virtual protected]</tt>

Reimplemented from QAbstractSlider::sliderChange().

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text:
Joey Cappelletti And Sara Burnett
Published: August 30, 2022, 11:52 PM
Tags: Health, Gretchen Whitmer, politics, Joe Biden, Government
Michigan election board rejects abortion rights initiative
Published: August 30, 2022, 11:52 PM Updated: August 31, 2022, 7:03 PM
Michigan elections board on Wednesday rejected an abortion rights initiative after its two Republican board members voted against putting the proposed constitutional amendment on the November ballot.
LANSING, Mich. – A Michigan elections board on Wednesday rejected an abortion rights initiative after its two Republican board members voted against putting the proposed constitutional amendment on the November ballot.
The two Democrats on the Board of State Canvassers voted in favor, but getting the measure on the ballot required at least three votes of the four-member board. The Reproductive Freedom for All campaign, which gathered signatures to get the measure on the ballot, is expected to appeal to the Democratic-leaning Michigan Supreme Court in the coming days and expressed confidence it would prevail.
The board's administrative and clerical work on elections was once carried out in obscurity, but it drew national attention in 2020 when Donald Trump pressured Republican members not to certify Joe Biden's electoral win in the state. Its partisan split was evident on another issue Wednesday, when it deadlocked 2-2 on a measure to expand voting, with Democrats for it and Republicans against.
Abortion rights have become a powerful motivator for voters since Roe was overturned. In conservative Kansas, voters overwhelmingly defeated a ballot measure that would have allowed the Republican-controlled Legislature to tighten restrictions or ban the procedure outright, and the issue has swayed votes in special elections for Congress, including in a battleground district in upstate New York. Nationally, Democrats have seen an increase in fundraising since the Supreme Court decision.
The proposed constitutional amendment aims to negate a 91-year-old state law that would ban abortion in all instances except to save the life of the mother. The meeting drew hundreds of people, who packed the hearing room and overflow rooms for a chance to comment. Abortion opponents also protested outside.
Michigan's 1931 law — which abortion opponents had hoped would be triggered by a conservative majority on the U.S. Supreme Court overturning Roe vs. Wade in June — remains blocked after months of court battles. A state judge ruled Aug. 19 that Republican county prosecutors couldn't enforce the ban, saying it was "in the public's best interest to let the people of the great state of Michigan decide this matter at the ballot box."
Darci McConnell, a spokeswoman for Reproductive Freedom for All, the group backing the measure, said she remains confident.
"We had more than 730,000 people who read, signed and understood what they signed. The board was supposed to do one thing today and affirm that we had the signatures, their own bureau said we did. So we're still optimistic that we'll be on the ballot in November," McConnell said.
Supporters of the other initiative, to expand voting including adding ballot drop boxes, also are expected to appeal to the Supreme Court. Groups have seven business days to appeal and the ballot must be finalized by Sept. 9.
Having abortion rights on the ballot in November would almost certainly be a boon for Democrats in Michigan, a swing state where voters will also be deciding whether Democrats keep control of statewide offices, including governor and secretary of state. Gov. Gretchen Whitmer and other Democrats have put abortion rights front and center in their campaigns, and after Republicans chose businesswoman Tudor Dixon as the GOP nominee for governor, Democrats released an ad blasting her strong opposition to abortion, including in cases of rape and incest.
Abortion opponents protested noisily outside as the meeting got underway Wednesday. Their muffled yells could be heard inside the hearing room, and the Republican board chairman at one point asked security to tell them to stop banging on the windows.
During the public comment period, Dr. Jessica Frost, an obstetrician and gynecologist in Lansing, told the board "we must restore the reproductive protections lost when Roe was overturned."
Opponents said the ballot language was confusing. Several called abortion immoral and warned board members against approval.
"I can't imagine a more important decision that you have to ever make in your life, because I know that you and I will kneel before Christ someday and answer for the decision you make today," Billy Putman said.
The Bureau of Elections verified last Thursday that the abortion ballot initiative petition contained enough valid signatures for the amendment to qualify for the ballot and recommended that the state Board of Canvassers approve the measure.
On Wednesday, Mary Ellen Gurewitz, a Democratic canvasser, said the board had "no authority to reject this petition due to challenges to the content of the petition." But Tony Daunt, a Republican canvasser, said errors in some petition language were "egregious."
The Michigan Board of Canvassers, comprising two Republicans and two Democrats, has become increasingly partisan in recent years.
Trump's pressure in 2020 led one member, who has since resigned, to abstain from certifying Biden's win. The other GOP board member, who voted to certify, wasn't nominated again by the state GOP party and was replaced by Daunt, the board chairman.
Earlier this year, two leading candidates for the GOP nomination for governor were dropped from the primary ballot after the board deadlocked along partisan lines on whether too many fraudulent signatures on their nomination papers made them ineligible. A tie vote meant the candidates lost.
Burnett contributed from Chicago.
Joey Cappelletti is a corps member for the Associated Press/Report for America Statehouse News Initiative. Report for America is a nonprofit national service program that places journalists in local newsrooms to report on undercovered issues.


text:
How do I apply for ASU Chapter Membership?
Answer: All ASU students in the Department of Security Studies and Criminal Justice are eligible for membership if they meet the criteria listed below. Invitations are automatically sent out to those students once vetted by the department. However, if you feel that you meet the necessary criteria, and have not received a formal invitation via your Angelo.edu email, please click here to email the chapter president.
What is the Chapter criteria for eligibility?
Answer: To be eligible for membership in the Order of the Sword and Shield, an active student must:
Be enrolled in an academically accredited institution.
Have completed fifty percent (50%) of the credit hours required for graduation.
Be a current homeland security, intelligence, or protective security major, minor, or certificate program student.
Have an undergraduate GPA of at least 3.25 in a 4.0 system or its equivalent, or have a cumulative graduate GPA of at least 3.50 in a 4.0 system or its equivalent, or be in the top 20% of the class.
Agree to uphold the core values of excellence, knowledge, ethics, and peace.
How do I volunteer for the ASU Chapter?
Answer: If you are interested in becoming more involved with the ASU chapter or have interest in holding office, please contact the chapter president by email: blane2@angelo.edu.
For more information on the Order of the Sword and Shield please visit the National Chapter Website Here.
Angelo State University Chapter
© 2023 by ASU OSS
Department of Security Studies and Criminal Justice
Member, Texas Tech University System
ASU Station #10922 San Angelo, TX 76909
blane2@angelo.edu
Stay up to date with chapter events, meetings, and more, by joining our email list today.


My Bible Sticker Backpack is an action-packed new sticker activity book bursting with fun sticker, drawing and colouring activities. The beautifully illustrated sticker activities take you through the more famous stories of the Bible, and children will love reading and learning the Bible by using the stickers to complete the stories. A carry-me handle allows children to carry the book with them wherever they go and there are over 1000 stickers for children to use in the book or wherever they want!


text:
Q: AngularJS Menu isPublic in MEAN.js I'm creating a webapp using MEAN.js and I'm running into an issue with the nav menu.
There are a few questions that seem related to my issue, but none of the answers solve it for me, and it seems like most of them are attributed to a documentation error.
I'm trying to set a menuItem to public, and this is how I am doing it in my core.client.config.js:
Menus.addMenuItem('topbar', 'About Us', 'about', 'item', '/about', true, null, 1);

Everything specified works, even the ordering. However the public true parameter does not do anything.
Currently I just set the entire topbar to isPublic in menus.client.service.js, but this is not ideal as I would like to control who can see what!
this.addMenu('topbar', true);

Any help would be appreciated!

A: The problem lies in the public/modules/core/services/menus.client.service.js
The shouldRender function, which is called for the menu, each item and sub-item, doesn't check for isPublic.
So just add:
// A private function for rendering decision
var shouldRender = function(user) {
    if(this.isPublic){
        return true;
    }
    ...
}

and change the last line to:
//Adding the topbar menu
this.addMenu('topbar', true);

because otherwise the menu itself is never rendered.
Now you can call addMenuItem and addSubMenuItem like this:
Menus.addMenuItem('topbar', 'Articles', 'articles', 'dropdown', '/articles(/create)?', <true/false>);
Menus.addSubMenuItem('topbar', 'articles', 'List Articles', 'articles');
Menus.addSubMenuItem('topbar', 'articles', 'New Article', 'articles/create');

Note if you don't provide true or false, the menu-items are going to inherit from their parent. As we set the menu to public every child is public. As soon as we set a menu item private the children are also private.
If you want to change the SubMenu visibility be careful with the amount of arguments. The sixth argument has to be true.
Menus.addSubMenuItem('topbar', 'articles', 'List Articles', 'articles');

^^ changes to vv
Menus.addSubMenuItem('topbar', 'articles', 'List Articles', 'articles', '/articles', true);

You can of course change the functions signature to avoid this. Just swap menuItemUIRoute and isPublic in menus.client.service.js
 // Add submenu item object
this.addSubMenuItem = function(menuId, rootMenuItemURL, menuItemTitle, menuItemURL, isPublic, menuItemUIRoute, roles, position) {
    // Validate that the menu exists

Then you can add the SubMenu like this:
Menus.addSubMenuItem('topbar', 'articles', 'List Articles', 'articles', true);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Hiroshi Sato (佐藤博, June 3, 1947 – October 27, 2012) was a Japanese singer-songwriter, born in Chiran, Kagoshima and raised in Kyoto. He was an influential keyboardist in the Japanese jazz fusion and soft rock scenes during the late 1970s and 1980s, later dubbed "city pop".

Early life and career
Hiroshi was born as the eldest son of a temple in his home town of Chiran in the Kagoshima Prefecture, but moved to Kyoto in 1949 at the age of two.

During his high school years, Sato obtained a reel-to-reel tape recorder and began learning how to play the bass guitar and drums, recording his work in a garage. At age 20 he also began playing the piano, and later stated that "when I was 20 years old, I practiced so much that I was willing to give up the world if I didn't turn pro."

Around 1970, he started his career as a pianist in a jazz band in Osaka, eventually leading to his collaboration with other blues musicians such as the West Road Blues Band and Masaki Ueda, as well as folk musicians such as Kyozo Nishioka as part of "The Dylan", Masaji Otsuka and Ryo Kagawa.

In 1976, along with forming Shigeru Suzuki's short-lived band Huckleback and collaborating with Haruomi Hosono and his friends from Tin Pan Alley, he released his first solo album "SUPER MARKET" through Nippon Columbia. He released 14 total albums up until his hiatus after "Oracle", which was released through Eastworld Records in 1996.

Discography

Albums

References

Japanese singer-songwriters

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
DunnersNZSportsPolitics
University's 'Walk Your Wheels' Campaign Labelled Ableist
Skating ban probably going to be as effective as banning vaping on campus
A student with a physical disability is saying that the wheeled transport ban on campus is more than just an inconvenience for skateboarders; it does not consider the needs of students for whom walking around campus is not an option. Disability Services said students will be able to apply for an exemption to skate on campus.
On May 14, the University Council voted to ban skateboards, bikes, scooters and other 'personal transport devices' from being ridden on campus. The ban's been rolled out as the 'Walk Your Wheels' campaign, with new signage and reminders around campus. It is focused on reducing the health and safety risk posed by wheeled transport users zooming around, particularly at times of peak foot traffic.
Busy thoroughfares can lead to accidents, especially when skaters might be weaving their way through crowds of people. But, the ban has caused considerable difficulty for Andreas. After being run over by a forklift, Andreas said "walking around campus isn't an option for me". He said, "it would appear the Uni property management [hadn't] even thought that the ban might affect people [like me]."
But, he has been in touch with Disability Information and Support who have "been great" and are "making slow progress".
Melissa Lethaby from Disability Information and Support said, "all students with a documented need will be eligible to apply for an exemption" from the ban. She said her office is "100% supportive of the Walk your Wheels initiative as a number of students we work with have reported feeling unsafe on campus due to the sheer volume of fast moving skateboards on campus". She expressed confidence in the ability of the university bureaucracy to process timely dispensations, stating that "the first exemption requests only came to my attention on Tuesday".
Lethaby said her office has been kept "well informed" around the new policy and contributed to its wording "in collaboration with the disabled community". She is confident it intends to keep everyone safe on campus.
She also said other universities have skate paths and it's possible Otago will follow suit in time.
Interestingly, Andreas said it's faculty members, rather than Campus Watch, telling him off for skating. He said, "I've had staff walk in front of me and make sure I get off before moving".
Critic also spoke to Owen who said, "I'm bummed about it because skateboarding is my primary mode of transport". While understanding about the need to avoid collisions in crowds, he is upset about the 24/7 timing of the ban. He said, "I have no problem not skating on the central Uni grounds. However, especially at times when there's no one around (like during classes or at night) it seems kinda ridiculous to ban wheeled transport."
Owen said "the Campus Watch dude who told me about the ban was super chill and not a dick so I got no problem doing what they tell me".
According to Otago Bulletin Board, it seems like Property Services' focus on getting people to "walk their wheels" was caused by the arrival of Lime scooters in Dunedin. Under the new regulations, offending riders can be punished under the Discipline Statute of 2011. In theory, this probably means a trip to the Proctor's Office. But it is unclear how exactly Campus Watch are going to deal with fast offenders unless they're skating themselves or commit to a tackle to the concrete - both of which are probably health and safety risks in and of themselves.
This article first appeared in Issue 13, 2019.
Posted 9:39pm Thursday 23rd May 2019 by Oscar Francis.
Oscar Francis
University Scraps Proposal to Cut Marine Science Staff
250 Students and Staff Rally Against Marine Science Cuts
Students Oppose Significant Cuts to Marine Sciences Department Proposed By University
EDITORIAL: Goodbye
Te Roopū Māori Elect a New Executive
James gives OUSA the old Heath Ho: An Exit Interview
OPINION: We Should All Care About West Papua Because We Are All Pacific Islanders
Student Arrested For Shitposting
Radio One Not Sure if They're Played in More Campus Spaces Since Swearing Ban
"Legitimacy and Integrity" of OUSA Elections Compromised, Report Reveals
For full archives click here ...
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Life Alert is a service that provides emergency services for people that are elderly or have a chance of a fall or other accident where there is no one around to help. This service is perfect for someone that is looking to keep their parents safe when they life far away from them.
Basically you get a small device that is a pendant that is attached to a necklace or bracelet and if the person wearing the device happens to have a fall or some sort of injury that makes it hard to get to phone to dial 911; all they need do is press a button the pendant and a signal is sent and an operator receives the call and the customer is reassured that emergency services are on the way.
Thousands of lives have been saved through these systems and other competing systems. For the small price you pay per month for the service you get so much more than just a device you get total peace of mind.


Russian Forces Closed Kerch Strait For Ukrainian Ships – Reports 5 out of 5 based on 12 ratings. 12 user reviews.
The Kerch Strait east of Crimea has been reportedly closed by Russian forces for Ukrainian vessels since August 14.
According to Ukrainian media, no vessels heading to Ukrainian ports in the Sea of Azov passed the strait in the period from August 14 to August 21.
Experts link this situation with a series of hostile acts carried out by the Ukrainian side against Russian vessles in the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. On August 10, the authorities of the Ukrainian port of Kherson seized the Russian tanker Mekhanik Pogodin. Earlier, on March 25, Ukraine's coast guard detained Nord, a Russian Fishing boat in the Sea of Azov. These actions forced Moscow to employ additional security measures and to increase pressure on the Ukraine in the area.
They (ukro nazi) asked for it – now they have it.
They are legitimate to blow up that bridge now.
What does the bridge have to do with it? If Ukraine blows up this bridge it will mean some bombs falling on Kiev bridges, Ukrainians won't be happy about this since Kiev is cut in half by the Dniper River.
Are you joyning them in that wonderful endevour?
It doesn't take much to bust an annoying fly like you. If there's more serious threat other than useless zio troll than there are enough forces and resources to keep the bridge safe.
https://uploads.disquscdn.com/images/073e2af68febb196f8d4be7234574453a42a7996b0ac2e46734a1495a8dd578e.jpg The bridge is mine!
occupybacon… is that a round-about way to say pig-fucker? You like it when they kick and squeal?
Yes, your mom is the best.
Presumably, just bore us all some more.
More than you already are? impossible!
And it's what am I going to do now, skipped english I guess.
So I don't have a reason to worry about my English.
Ukraine, the victim of a violent U.S. sponsored coup, is now a U.S. sock puppet. The lunatic neocons think that annoying a nuclear armed nation that has superior conventional weapons and covers 11 time zones is in some mysterious way, going to affect the balance of power.


A parent of one of the victims of the Parkland school shooting is criticizing a policy that allowed gunman Nikolas Cruz to register to vote while he awaits trial.
Andrew Pollack's 17-year-old daughter, Meadow, was killed in the mass shooting at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in February. He took to Twitter over the weekend to make it known that the move makes him sick to his stomach.
County records show Cruz registered as a Republican in July from his jail cell.
"Broward Sheriff Scott Israel let people into the jail to get him and other animals registered to vote," said Pollack, a frequent critic of Israel.
Broward Sheriff's Office spokeswoman Veda Coleman-Wright pushed back against Pollack's statement on Saturday.
She said the process is handled by the supervisor of elections office and the Sheriff's Office merely acts a mail courier between the inmate and the elections office.
"Inmates being registered to vote is nothing new. It doesn't have anything to do with the sheriff," Coleman-Wright said. "Taking away the voting rights of an eligible person awaiting trial is illegal."


Soren and I have finally begun Alfredo's second Spanish book. Most people finish the first book in six months; it took us two years, which gives you an idea of our relationship with this wonderful professor. We work, we play and we exchange cultural oddities. Now that I know Alfredo is well, it's time to do something I've always wanted to do — go whale watching. I've never seen a whale. Soren hasn't either and really doesn't care if he ever does. Even though Soren grew up by the sea in Copenhagen, he hates small boats, large oceans, but decided to go along. I contacted the owner and got all the answers to my questions. Yes; it is a largish boat, only taking six people, life jackets, toilet aboard, completely and utterly safe. The chef is still not excited. I asked Rosemary to join us as I suspected we may need a little humour.
Whale Quest, Onca (no, that's not a typo, it's Onca not Orca, which should have been my first clue) Explorations picks us up at 7 a.m. as promised. Just five of us. We arrive at the marina and see six other people waiting. The boat only holds six, why were we 11 people suddenly? Apparently Oscar, the owner, was seduced by El Debate press team (one of our local Mazatlan newspapers) and they got the "good" boat with Oscar, and we — Rosemary, Soren and I and another couple — got the clunker. It was a small boat in high waves, and we all got wet. Never mind the engine dies seven miles out. We were just bobbing in the Pacific. As Soren was not speaking, Rosemary was a great buffer and we kept pretending we were on an outing in Georgian Bay. Not stranded in the Pacific surrounded by sharks. Eventually our clunker boat Mexican team radios Oscar; we are towed back and of course, never saw a single whale. Not even a dolphin. Not even a seal. It was poorly planned, poorly handled and we were palmed off for El Debate. We asked for our money back. With great anger and reluctance we did receive our pesos. Oscar didn't want the El Debate press guys broadcasting that. He didn't understand why we would not want to re-schedule. Hola? On our clunker boat (really, just a row boat with two engines) the entire experience was unsafe and unprofessional. We head back to Centro to the Looney Bean. Ah, coffee. And now it's time for lunch and a margarita at La Cueva. Alejandro, the owner, after we share our story, then proceeds to tell us how two whales swim by almost daily at 4 p.m. right in front. Eye roll. Then wine is ordered. Followed by a big nap.
Our condo has its first and only annual meeting. Soren attends the entire proceedings. I depart mostly because I'm restless and can't absorb any more negative comments or feelings. I'm telling everyone that I'm allergic to complaints. The construction team is down to 10%, the noise has abated and even the dust is lower. At long last the part has arrived for the treadmill, the elevator to the garage is working, our stove top hood is fixed, our crying washing machine is repaired and, as far as I'm concerned, the project is still behind, but that's behind us and we are moving forward. All that's left is our dishwasher, which takes in hot water, but doesn't clean the dishes. At. All. We can't figure it out and that's a tough one to explain, but Antonio is working on it. Both G1 and G2 are on site taking care of business. Landscaping has begun, the BBQ area is ready to be fired up, and the common areas are being decorated. The weather remains very cool and sitting outside is still not possible, for us. Even though it's 18°C, when you are not in the sun, it feels too cold.
Soren keeps asking me, "Where is my fishbone sweater?" I know he means herringbone (you'd think a man from Denmark would remember herring?) and I carefully show him our "cold shelf." When we moved in mid October we were in shorts, flip flops and tank tops — we never imagined unearthing our sweaters and jackets. Or the heater the chef insisted on putting into our storage crate in Toronto. "Why would we need that; it never goes below 20ºC?" screeches me. Except this winter — the coldest in 55 years. The chef is lovin' strutting around the condo playing Basil Fawlty, leering, "Sybil, enjoying the heater, want me to turn it up?" We just have to accept this is a chilly season; still great for walks, taking the bus, playing tennis and wonderful sunny lunches in the square. Is it possible that two of the whitest people on Earth have become so used to heat and humidity? I would have considered 16/17/18°C in Toronto fairly warm, and now I'm all bundled up, looking a lot like the Mexicans on the Malecon with their fleeces and scarves. What is happening?
What is happening to our two chairs? Sylvia, our seamstress on Pedregoso, still has our unpainted chairs that we bought a year ago. Well, she's only had them for seven months, so let's be fair. As much as I like Dr. Levid, I've found a female doctor who does all the girlie examinations. Wait, this does tie into Sylvia and our chairs. La Doctora had sent me to a lab in Centro to have a mammogram and bone density. I had just finished a "special"; no appointment required, $18 (US). I step off the lab steps and there is Sylvia with her beaming smile. The chairs are finished! Caramba! Her brother painted one, her daughter the other and a neighbour on Pedregoso is making our cushions. How much? I pull out my trusty notebook and pen and Sylvia begins to add it up. I think she's secretly an accountant too because: every single colour was itemized, the varnish, the material, the stuffing and even the fact I'd paid her $10 (US) for the material ahead of time was deducted. Grand total, $80 (US) for two handpainted chairs with built- in cushion seats. Worth the wait? Don't know yet.
Now we just have to arrange for the swap of the chairs, but that could take awhile too. I'm hoping Sylvia misses her chairs and wants them back, pronto. Alfredo is driving again, so perhaps he'll help us finish up the chair saga. After all, he picked them from the artist who didn't want the project in September, so I think he should be involved in the final product. I'm sure the teacher is wondering why we just didn't go to a furniture store, like normal people, and buy two chairs. But by now, he knows the chef and I are a little different. Alfredo did not have the pleasure of retrieving the chairs because Sylvia's husband, Sergio, drives them into our garage in a white pickup truck. Every Mexican either owns a white pickup, or borrows one. I'm a little stunned; the chairs are actually here, finished, in our condo. Worth the wait? Not really. They are fun, funky, but the painting, finishing and varnishing is a little on the amateurish side. I'm sure the seamstress's daughter and brother did the best they could. They are comfortable, practical chairs for our workstations. They are half-assed and are likely to be replaced in oh, say, 2014.
Everything is calmer on our Pacific Perch, and now I can return to thinking about having an online affair.


Just what are all those tiny, swirling dots swooping gracefully around the Earth? Are those pinprick points the ghosts of far away stars? Perhaps they are the gaseous remains of some far away nebula? Or, maybe, it's just a giant orbital swarm of trash.
NASA has put together a visualization showing a 3D view of how space junk moves around us, and it's lovely — until you start thinking too hard about just what it is.
According to NASA's Orbital Debris office, whose job it is to track just what's up there, there are over 21,000 pieces of space junk larger than 10 cm and about half a million pieces between 1 - 10 centimeters. When you go even smaller than that, NASA estimates the number jumps to about 100 million individual pieces, which include everything from purposely released spacecraft parts to chips of paint flecked from the side of satellites by the pressures of space.


7 Steps to Starting a Food Business on Guam – Farm to Table Guam Corp.
Every business is a little different and part of the enjoyment of owning a business is doing it your way. However, there are some basic steps most entrepreneurs should follow to get started. Here is a list of 7 steps you should consider.
A successful start to any business requires a detailed outline of what you plan to accomplish. You will need this if you plan to borrow money for your business. If you have limited resources, contact the Pacific Islands Small Business Development Center for free assistance in preparing your own plan.
Should your business be a sole proprietorship, corporation, partnership or LLC? This is where we can provide the most help. Forming a corporation or LLC can protect your personal assets from business debts. Additionally, incorporating can provide credibility and tax benefits. If you are an off-island company wishing to do business in Guam, you may need to register your "foreign" corporation or LLC in Guam, before obtaining a business license.
Will your corporation or LLC do business under a name other than the name of the corporation or LLC? If so, it must file a DBA (Doing Business As) name.
Businesses must maintain an address for service of process where legal documents can be received. We provide Registered Agent service for all companies that we form.
Incorporated businesses and companies that hire employees must obtain an EIN. This takes up time better spent on setting up your shop. Find out how to apply for an EIN.
Guam's laws require all businesses operating in the territory to pay a privilege to operate tax, called Gross Receipts Tax. GRT can be reported online at www.guamtax.com. Acquiring a business license requires that GRT be reported each month on the twentieth for the preceding month. As of August 2011, an exemption on the first $40,000 of revenue within the first year of operation is in effect. Details of requirements for starting a licensed business can be found online at GuamTax.com.
The Revenue & Taxation building houses many of the government agencies that a new resident needs. Mondays and Tuesdays are generally better and lines are shorter after 1 p.m. Avoid Rev & Tax at the end of the month and on the twentieth. Business Licenses are inexpensive and reporting is made simple online and in person. However, the multi-step process of getting approvals can be daunting.
Depending on the type of license, approvals from the fire department and the office of land management may be required. Explanation of the application process, steps, and a list of documents to have in your possession are undocumented online. The helpful clerks at the various windows are more than happy to direct visitors along the way though.
The One Stop Center located at the Office of Land Management is usually only manned by one person from Rev & Tax, so call ahead to be sure someone is there to service you. You will be sent there after you apply for a new business license at Rev & Tax. However, renewal of licenses must be done at the Rev & Tax building.
It is less expensive to have documents notarized outside Rev & Tax. Mail stores and banks usually have a notary. Notarization is required if changing a business name on your business license. As of July 2012, the fee was $25 to do so. Rev & Tax charges at 4.25% fee to pay with a credit card.
Find out more from GuamTax.com.
Before starting a food service establishment, the Division of Environmental Health must be contacted. This contact is required to set up a dialogue outlining the requirements for safe food service and permitting before opening a business. This contact is made with the Division of Environmental Health office at the One Stop Center, located at the Department of Public Works compound in Upper Tumon. The phone number is (671) 646-1276.
In order to obtain a Sanitary Permit the establishment must submit the proper paperwork, submit payment for deposit, and pass the pre-operation inspection prior to opening.
If the establishment is new, plan review by the Division of Environmental Health is required. If the facility is an existing establishment and you are a new owner, the existing owner's Sanitary Permit is voided. You will be treated as a new applicant and go through the same process as a new applicant.
Contact the Division of Environmental Health at One Stop Center in Upper Tumon on Wednesday and Friday from 8:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. at (671) 646-1276 or call the main office at 735-7216/7506 for application, instructions and other related information. You may also obtain the application online.
The Sanitary Permit fee is One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($150.00) if the establishment has 1 to 9 employees, until January 2, 2012, when it will increase to $220.00. If the establishment has 10 or more employees, the fee is $290.00 and Five Dollars ($5.00) for each additional employee over 10.
The cost of the pre-operation inspection is included in the initial payment for the Sanitary Permit. However, a fee of Fifty Dollars ($50.00) per hour will be assessed for all follow-up inspections.
The Sanitary Permit fee for temporary food service establishment is One Hundred Dollars($100.00) for those operating for less than six (6) months, but more than three (3) days and Fifty Dollars ($50.00) for those operating for three (3) days or less.
Read all about sanitary permits.
Hire professionals to perfect the look and feel of your marketing media. You will likely need a logo designer, web designer, photographer, and possibly a social media manager and media buyer.
Start with logo design, drawing out your vision if necessary. Ask your graphic artist to supply the finished logo in EPS, JPEG, and PNG/GIF, PDF formats so you can use it across all media (print, web, broadcast).
Your logo should be clear and recognizable from letterhead to signage, so it should look good in a variety of sizes. Your logo will incorporate your company colors, no more than three. Hire a photographer to take photos of your services, products, location, and staff.
Your marketing materials should display a clear tagline, such as "Guam's best cantina BBQ." Your tagline should be short, concise, and unique. A marketing professional can help you craft the perfect tagline.
Next it's time to create a website. It's tempting to hire your cousin, but remember that your website is nearly as important as your storefront! In some cases, it's the first thing people see about you. Your website can be as simple as 1-3 pages to begin. You'll add content as you go.
Your website should contain your logo, tagline, company colors, address, map, phone number, hours of operation, services, products, about page, and a contact form. At this time, set up your social media networks such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Google+. Assign an employee or marketing professional to post to these networks daily!
A professional web designer should register your site with Google and Bing, as well as create a site that is search engine optimized. This is called SEO.
Ask your graphic designer to create a variety of image ads for use in print and online media.
Consider your audience when buying media. Who is your target? Residents, military, visitors, or all of the above. Consider translating your ads in Japanese.
Finally, it's time to start advertising. There is no such thing as "If you build it, they will come." Advertising is key to the success of any business. Start with a small budget and build up, based on which advertising works best and, of course, your revenue. Set aside something every month for advertising.