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How many times a day, as a Partner or Sole Practitioner, do you wish for less IT hassles, lower costs for equipment maintenance or enhanced productivity through the use of technology? However you didn't get past the point of thinking about it.
It is a common notion that investing in technology will detract from your personal wealth. It might surprise you, however, that the opposite is true. Smart use of technology can actually generate more profit!
So why is it particularly difficult to get past the thinking to embrace and enable technology solutions for a small law practice?
Christopher Anderson built a distinguished legal career during which he developed the expertise he now uses in his job – as Product Manager at LexisNexis®, and in frequent seminars on this and other topics related to helping lawyers build better practices through technology.
Every new law firm owner starts out doing pretty much everything. Hard work and sacrifice are part of the price of starting a new business.
But there comes a time when you need to start moving past the hard-work-and-sacrifice mentality and make your practice work for you, not the other way around. That time is sooner than most think!
So how do you make the shift from working hard to working smart?
You start by making a plan to stop doing all those things that are getting in the way of your firm's profit margins and your quality of life. That plan starts with understanding the hierarchy of tasks in every law practice.
"Every task is important, but not everyone carries equal weight on the value ladder."
"There is a finite number of YOU.…working hours in a day....days in a week."
How valuable is your in-house legal team? Do you know?
How profitable is my firm? Which Practice Areas and Clients are the biggest contributors to our success? Is my contact list current? Who are our best performing Partners?
If you're having a hard time getting answers to questions like these, it's time to select a practice management system— or replace a non-performing one.
"A quarter of small law firms do not use any form of Practice Management software. This increases to 40% for firms with only 1 Fee Earner.*"
Survey conducted in April/May 2013 by LexisNexis with 175 Small Law firms in Australia and New Zealand .
Frank McKenna, Head of Product and Technology Strategy at Lexis Pacific, discusses the role technology plays in helping, or even hindering, legal professionals in the decision making process.
In the zone: Is technology helping or hindering lawyers' decision making?
A lawyer's success could be said to rest on a bedrock of good decisions. Equally, a successful law firm is one that is adept at good decision making across all facets of its business, whether it is picking the right argument for a matter, selecting the right law to support an argument, choosing the correct precedent, recruiting a good team, providing clients with information which is useful, ensuring your client base is made up of profitable clients, or accepting profitable matters to work on.


The production is spearheaded by Nigerian American brothers by Onyi and Obi Udeogranya who started the project in 2012. The brothers initially set out to create an "African version of Dora the Explorer" to teach Igbo to toddlers. The concept was later dropped to make way for the Afro-futuristic cartoon series, Red Origins.
Here is an excerpt from Okay Africa on why they feel so passionately about the project.


text:
Apology to the Greatest Bangalee
"A day before he was to go on a top-secret mission, Maj. Farooq Rahman wanted one last piece of advice from Andha Hafiz, a blind sage in Chittagong. "Tell him I'm going to do it for Islam and the State," Farooq said to his wife Farida, who set off from Dhaka to contact the holy man. When she found him, he listened patiently to Farooq's message. The old man reassured her that her husband and his men would be safe. "I have placed them in the hands of God," he said. "He will take care of them."
Last week, 23 years after his mission dramatically altered the course of Bangladesh's history and boosted his career, Farooq finally ran out of luck. He was among 15 men sentenced to death by a Dhaka court for their role in the 1975 assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founder of Bangladesh and its first prime minister. Four other people were acquitted for lack of evidence. It was Farooq who masterminded the coup d'etat, which also led to the massacre of 15 members of Mujib's family and eight aides. The murders shocked the world, not least because Mujib was idolised by his people as Bangabandhu, or Friend of Bengal."
That is how ASIAWEEK (magazine) narrated the beginning and end of the tragic events of 15 August 1975.
"The nation once again observes with due solemnity the calamitous assassination of Bangabandhu and his family and staff" is what one would have wanted to see and hear and read, as a small tribute to its Father. But Awami League, of which he was a leader, was compelled to enforce a half-day hartal if only to remind the people and the world of one of the cruellest crimes in the history of mankind because the event was passing off unremembered officially.
That was a slap on our face. The people of Bangladesh should tell Awami League and all other political parties how to honour the greatest Bangalee ever, not the other way round. While Bangla television channels, owned by people of all political shades, address Mujib as Bangabandhu, why is it that nationally we should allow the people's leader to be otherwise.
The continuing laceration of a people, powered by principles farthest from any good for the common man (the source of power, hah!) has reduced the one leader of one Bangladesh to a party property. It only manifests unfortunately the smallness of a nation born with alas the highest of ideals. And it took us less than five years. Even now I recall how envious Indian youths were as we walked past them on the street. They were the citizens of a free country but we were freedom fighters.
Let us not go into any blame game.
Let us analyse what we as the majority eastern partners got in two decades, including one laughable 'decade of progress' from the enemy-hood that was Pakistan led for most part by a Master not Friend; and that too in the name of Islam.
Let us recall the sacrifices of Shaheeds Md Asaduzzaman Asad, Motiur Rahman, Sergeant Zahurul Huq, Dr. Shamsuddoha and nameless others in 1969. Their martyrdom intensified the movement for autonomy, leading eventually to our independence.
Let us remember with gratitude the valiant role of the mass people in 1971, of those brave <>muktijoddha<> at home and abroad, of those martyrs who laid down their lives as the supreme sacrifice for the liberation of their and our Sonar Bangla.
Let us not forget the conspiracies by some amongst us simultaneous to each of our victories towards ultimate independence. They are still at work.
Let us map the trail of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, and the unstinting support he earned from the multitude to great leaders of the likes of Moulana Bhasani.
Bangabandhu's building up of a mass movement against the tyranny of Ayub, Monem and Yahya; his years in jail away from his family; his shaping of a people whose only identity of unification was their mother tongue to leap for freedom; his call for total independence, and his declaration of independence on 26 March has earned him the laurel of Father of the Nation.
Let us not be divided about him like we are today about most other things, unfortunately. Let some people and events belong to all of us. Indeed they do, though we may not admit so.
Let us honour Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman as Father of the Nation. Let us do it as one grateful nation. Till then we owe him an apology.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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These are the requirements for entry into all undergraduate degree programs.
Music Minor: voice minor auditions will not be scheduled during the audition dates listed. These auditions will take place during Hawk Week, once you arrive on campus in the fall.
Prepare two memorized selections in contrasting styles, including at least one classical.
All music must be performed with piano accompaniment.
A foreign language piece is not required.
An accompanist will be provided, but your own accompanist is welcome.
Music must be in a 3 ring binder.
Pages may be copied back to back, or taped together, no staples please!
Alternatively, a printed score may be used, provided that the score opens easily, will stay open on the music rack, and pages can be turned easily.


Spicy snacking is one of our favorite things to do, though adding smokiness to the table really takes things to another level. These fiery smoked almonds are pure yum and simple to make. Smoked paprika brings both the heat and the smoke, and a little extra cayenne pepper powder kicks things up a notch. And if you want even more smoke, a dash or two of liquid smoke can turn things to eleven.
If you aren't keen on the smoke, try our spicy almonds recipe instead. It brings the spiciness without the smoky flavor.
Preheat the oven to 300 degrees Fahrenheit. Line a baking sheet with parchment paper.
In a mixing bowl, add the sugar, smoked paprika, chili powder, salt, garlic powder, cumin, cayenne pepper, and black pepper. Stir to combine.
Separately in another bowl, combine the egg white and water and whisk thoroughly. Add the Worcestershire sauce, Tabasco sauce, liquid smoke (optional) and stir to combine.
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Transfer the almonds onto the baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Evenly spread the almonds across the sheet.
Place the almonds into the oven and bake for 20 minutes. Flip the almonds, then lower the heat to 275 degrees Fahrenheit. Continue baking for 35 to 45 minutes, until the almonds have dried and lightly browned.
Remove from the oven, flip the almonds again, and allow them to cool at room temperature. Serve immediately or store in an airtight container for future use.


text:
\section{Introduction}

Bacteria \new{utilise} signalling mechanisms (\new{i.e.,} quorum sensing) to drive collective behaviours within \new{homogeneous and heterogeneous} microbial populations. These biological communications systems have been investigated for the past 50 years, and recently they became the focus of biotechnological solutions design for  biofabrication and biosensing \cite{Liu2012,Holowko2016,Lentini2014,Luo2012,Raut2015}. For example, soft matter (i.e. gelatin) was assembled using enzymes emitted by bacterial cells, and \textit{Escherichia coli} bacteria were engineered with \new{a signalling system} used by \textit{Vibrio cholerae} for a timely detection of cholerae infection \cite{Liu2012,Holowko2016}. These \new{and other} examples highlight the range of applications that can be designed and built based on the engineering of the bacterial signalling mechanisms.

Bacteria signalling \new{has also been} investigated using communications theory concepts, in a paradigm named as Molecular Communications \cite{Cobo2010,Akan2016,Unluturk2015,Einolghozati2016,Guo2016,Abadal2011,Grebenstein2018}. \new{From} this perspective, the bacteria are considered as biological bio-nanomachines that are engineered to process, emit and detect specific molecules, acting as transceivers found in conventional communication systems \cite{Cobo2010,Akan2016,Abadal2011,Guo2016}. For instance, \new{bacterial quorum sensing has} been used to create logic circuits, modulators and network links between bacterial nodes \cite{Martins2019,Unluturk2015,Einolghozati2016,Grebenstein2018}. Here our focus is on the processing and emission of molecular signals \new{as we} propose the design of a bio-nanomachine transmitter that can enable the development of safer intrabody molecular communications systems in humans and animals. Therefore, we investigate a physical model of a bio-nanomachine transmitter embedded in a hydrogel bubble, which will protect the host environment from mixing with engineered cells, and analyse its suitability for molecular communication systems.

This work is inspired by our previous work where we proposed the production and emission of molecular signals to attract bacteria to a specific location \cite{Martins2016}. In this paper, we focus our investigation on the production and emission of \new{a} specific molecular signal through the hydrogels. A visual representation of the proposed work can be seen in Figure \ref{fig:biotrans}, where a bacterial population is placed in a plate with nutrients to \new{grow} and produce the desired molecular output signal, a fluorescence protein (superfolder green flourescence protein--sfGFP). The performance of such \new{a} bio-nanomachine transmitter is evaluated \new{with} respect to the molecular signal throughput that is able to reach the border of the hydrogel bubble, and we also study the bacterial growth and nutrient consumption associated with the emission of molecules. The contributions of this paper include:
\begin{itemize}
    \item {\bf Bio-nanomachine transmitter physical model:} We investigate the molecular signals, the processes related with the emission of molecular signals, its throughput and signal power depending on the viscosity of the hydrogel bubble and internal chemical reactions.
    \item {\bf Proof-of-concept design:} A wet lab experiment is devised to demonstrate the emission of a molecular signal, sfGFP, from the bacterial population through the hydrogel.
\end{itemize}

This paper is organised as follows. In Section \ref{sec:bio_design}, we characterise and review the state-of-the-art of biological transmitters. The communications and biological models are introduced in Section \ref{sec:sys_model}. Section \ref{sec:num_analysis} presents the numerical analysis of the molecular emission and throughput. A proof-of-concept design and analysis are presented in Section \ref{sec:exp_analysis}. Lastly, Section \ref{sec:conclusions} presents our conclusions.

\begin{figure}[t!]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{biotrans}
  \caption{\new{The bio-nanomachine transmitter are embedded in hydrogel to protect them. The cells are engineered to directly exchange signals and produce sfGFP for minutes or hours depending on the signalling system used and the quantity of the cells.}}
  \label{fig:biotrans}
\end{figure}

\section{Bio-nanomachine Transmitter Design}\label{sec:bio_design}

Bacteria produces and consumes different molecular signals through chemical reactions to collectively establish, protect and maintain a community, either single- or multi-species. The internal machinery that enable these processes can be engineered to produce specific molecules that will be emitted and propagated through the chosen medium towards other bacterial populations \cite{Mehta2009,Smanski2016}. To coordinate these processes, bacteria often utilises an internal signalling mechanism know as quorum sensing, which is an exchange of molecular signals that drive bacteria towards the execution of collective behaviours, such as virulence factors production and biofilm formation \cite{Bassler1999,Martins2016,Martins2018}. The engineering of this process is the target for the design and construction of a bio-nanomachine transmitter.

Bacterial populations grow and produce quorum sensing molecules by consuming the nutrients available in its vicinity. Therefore, a faster nutrient consumption will result in a faster population growth and higher production of quorum sensing molecules\new{. However}, this can affect the sustainability of the bacterial population due to the depletion of its energy source \cite{Wang2019,Martins2016,Hornung2018}. To avoid such situations, bacterial \new{populations coordinate their} collective behaviour depending on this resource. This coordination is described through a set of chemical reactions that involves strain-specific quorum sensing molecules and receptors, such as LuxI and LuxR (luciferase inducer and regulator, respectively) \cite{Bassler1999}. By engineering this machinery, we are able to create a positive feedback loop using the bacteria quorum sensing process to emit a molecular output signal, sfGFP, and the bacterial population will act as a bio-nanomachine transmitter. Figure \ref{fig:comms_model} shows a representation of this process, where bacteria produces LuxI and detects its concentration, using LuxR, creating the positive feedback loop. After being produced through this process, the molecular output signal, sfGFP, is then emitted from the bacterial population towards the membrane edge of the hydrogel bubble.

The engineering of quorum sensing systems through feedback loops have been proposed before. In \cite{Tu2008}, a negative feedback loops have been designed to control the quorum sensing dynamics of \textit{Vibrio harveyi} bacteria. Moreover, a positive feedback loop was engineered to built a whole cell biosensor to detect mercury levels \cite{Cai2018}.  \new{Here, we propose the design of} a positive feedback loop to characterise a bacterial population as a bio-nanomachine transmitter. One important aspect of our design is the encapsulation of the bacterial population in a hydrogel bubble, which is a medium with a higher viscosity value and have been previously applied to protect bacterial populations  \cite{Li2017,Seliktar2012}. Hydrogels are polymers with infiltrated water that can be applied to encapsulate living cells and have permeability for a wide range of molecules and facilitate the design of contained quorum sensing applications \cite{Li2017,Seliktar2012}. For our \new{system, we propose the use of hydrogel} to create an environment where the bacterial population \new{undergoes} controlled growth and emits molecular signals, and, at the same time, they are protected against external attacks.

\section{System Model}\label{sec:sys_model}

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{comms_bio}
  \caption{Representation of the molecular communications system used to model the emission of molecular signals by the bacterial population. Adapted from \cite{Bassler1999}}
  \label{fig:comms_model}
\end{figure}

As presented in Section \ref{sec:bio_design}, bacteria produce molecular signals by a series of chemical reactions using their internal machinery, which can be engineered for that purpose. In this paper, we engineer the \new{\textit{E. coli}} population internal machinery using a positive feedback loop to exploit their molecular communications and produce the desired molecular output signal, the fluorescence protein sfGFP. Here we describe the positive feedback loop using a set of chemical reactions (\ref{eqn:dA})-(\ref{eqn:dN_1}) and the propagation of the molecular output signal by solving the two-dimensional Fick's law of diffusion to characterise this molecular communications system. We describe the positive feedback loop using LuxI and LuxR, represented in Figure \ref{fig:comms_model}, as follows \cite{Melke2010}

\begin{equation}\label{eqn:dA}
\dfrac{d[A]}{dt} = c_A +\dfrac{k_A[C]}{K_A+[C]}- k_0[A]-k_1[R][A]+k_2[RA]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:dR}
\dfrac{d[R]}{dt} = c_R +\dfrac{k_R[C]}{K_R+[C]}- k_3[A]-k_1[R][A]+k_2[RA]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:dRA}
\dfrac{d[RA]}{dt} =  k_1[R][A]-k_2[RA]-2k_4[RA]^2+2k_5[C]
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:dC}
\dfrac{d[C]}{dt} =k_4[RA]^2+k_5[C]
\end{equation}
where $[A]$, $[R]$, $[RA]$, $[C]$ are the \textit{AHL}, \textit{LuxR}, \textit{LuxR~--~AHL} complex and dimerized complex concentration, respectively; $c_A$ and $c_R$ are the transcription basal levels for \textit{AHL} and \textit{LuxR}, respectively; $k_A$ and $k_R$ are the transcription rates; $K_A$ and $K_R$ are the degradation rates; $k_0, k_1, k_2,k_3, k_4, k_5$ are the translation rates. The rate of molecular signal production, $[sfGFP]$, by the bacterial population that results from the quorum sensing process is represented as
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:A1}
\dfrac{d[sfGFP]}{dt} =k_{sfGFP}\dfrac{[C]}{[C]+K_C}.
\end{equation}
In addition to the production of the sfGFP, the bacterial population will also consume nutrients to grow, and the rate of this process is represented by
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:dG1}
\dfrac{d[GC]}{dt} = \left(\mu_1\dfrac{[N]}{K_{N}+[N]}-m_1\right)[GC].
\end{equation}
Then, the nutrient consumption rate can be evaluated as follows
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}\label{eqn:dN_1}
\dfrac{d[N]}{dt} &= -U_{G1}\left(\mu_1\dfrac{[N]}{K_{N}+[N]}\right)[GC]-U_{AHL}\dfrac{d[A]}{dt}\\[2mm]
&-U_{LuxR}\dfrac{d[R]}{dt}-U_{sfGFP}\dfrac{d[sfGFP]}{dt},
\end{split}
\end{equation}
where $U_{G1}$, $U_{AHl}$, $U_{LuxR}$, and $U_{sfGFP}$ are utility parameters that represent the nutrient cost of the population growth, autoinducer, receptor and molecular output signal production, respectively. After reaching a high concentration, the molecular output signal $[sfGFP]$ propagates to the membrane edge of the hydrogel, from where it can freely diffuse to other engineered or natural bacterial cells. The propagation through the hydrogel can be modelled as \cite{Llatser2014}.
\begin{equation}\label{eqn:diffusion}
[sfGFP']=\dfrac{[sfGFP]}{\sqrt{4\pi D_ht_h}}e^{\dfrac{-x_h^2}{4D_ht_h}},
\end{equation}
where, $D_h$, $t_h$, and $x_h$ are the diffusion coefficient, the duration and the distance travelled by the molecular signals $[sfGFP]$ in the hydrogel $h$ channel, respectively.

\begin{figure}
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{throughput}
  \caption{Evaluation of the molecular output signal throughput for a range of initial concentration values of $[sfGFP]$}
  \label{fig:throughput}
\end{figure}

\section{Numerical Analysis}\label{sec:num_analysis}

We evaluate the performance of this communications system using two metrics: the sfGFP throughput from the bacterial population and the signal power that reaches the hydrogel edge membrane. The throughput is evaluated directly from (\ref{eqn:dG1}), while the signal power is evaluated using (\ref{eqn:diffusion}) and converted into decibel. These metrics are evaluated using the values presented in Table \ref{tb:setup}.

We evaluate the molecular output signal throughput (see Figure \ref{fig:throughput}) for $72$ hours (this is sufficient time to produce detectable levels of $[sfGFP]$),  bacterial population of $10,000$ cells, a diffusion coefficient of $2\times10^{-7}$ (similar value to the model investigated in \cite{Kubitscheck2000}), and a range of initial concentrations for the $[sfGFP]$ from $10^{-2}$ to $10^{-6}$ mol/L. It can be noted for this scenario, that for the first $10$ hours there is a steep increase in the production of the molecular output signal and a flattening in the throughput after $20$ hours for most of the curves. The exception is for the $10^{-2}$ curve, where this saturation process only occurs after $50$ hours as the positive feedback loop requires more time to balance all the chemical reactions related to this process due to the high initial value of $[sfGFP]$.

We modified the scenario for the throughput analysis, to investigate the signal power that reached the edge membrane of the hydrogel. In this case, we considered the hydrogel as a bubble with diameter of $7$ mm, an initial concentration for the molecular output signal $[sfGFP]$ of $10^{-6}$ mol/L; a range of diffusion coefficient values from $1\times10^{-7}\,\text{cm}^2/\text{s}$ to $2\times10^{-7}\,\text{cm}^2/\text{s}$, and evaluated using (\ref{eqn:diffusion}), where we then converted into $db$ (assuming a 1:1 ratio between mol/L and watts), at $24$, $48$ and $72$ hours. In Figure \ref{fig:power} we can see that the signal power is higher for lower diffusion coefficients (higher viscosity), and in particular for hydrogels compared to  media with lower viscosity, such as water. Therefore, this result infers that the hydrogels or other higher viscosity material can be used to possibly direct molecular signals produced by the bio-nanomachine transmitters, while the lower viscosity media can be applied for omnidirectional propagation of molecular signals.

\begin{figure}[t!]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{power}
  \caption{Evaluation of the molecular output signal power that reaches the hydrogel edge membrane for low and high viscosity medium.}
  \label{fig:power}
\end{figure}

\begin{table}[t!]
  \centering
  \caption{Parameters used to evaluate Equations (\ref{eqn:dA})-(\ref{eqn:diffusion})}
  \label{tb:setup}
  \begin{tabular}{| c | c | c |}
    \hline
    Variable & Value & Unit\\ \hline
    \hline
    $c_A$ & $2.7\times10^{-2}$ & $\text{mmol/L}$\\
    $c_R$ & $2.7\times10^{-2}$  & $\text{mmol/L}$\\
    $k_A$ & $2\times10^{-3}$  & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_R$ & $2\times10^{-3}$  & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_0$ & $1\times10^{-2}$ & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_1$ & $0.1$ & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_2$ & $0.1$ & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_3$ & $1\times10^{-2}$ & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_4$ & $0.1$ & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $k_5$ & $0.1$ & $\text{d}^{-1}$\\\
    $k_{sfGFP}$ & $1\times10^{-3}$  &$\text{d}^{-1}$\\
    $K_A$ & $2\times10^{-3}$ & $\text{gm}^{-3}$\\
    $K_R$ & $2\times10^{-3}$ & $\text{gm}^{-3}$\\
    $K_C$ & $1$ & $\text{gm}^{-3}$\\
    $K_N$ & $1$ & $\text{gm}^{-3}$\\
    $\mu_{1}$ & $1\times10^{-4}$ & $\text{gm}^{-3}$\\
    $m_1$ & $1\times10^{-4}$ &$\text{gm}^{-3}$\\
    $U_{AHL}$ & $2\times10^{-2}$ &--\\
    $U_{G1}$ & 0.6 &--\\
    $U_{LuxR}$ & $2\times10^{-2}$ &--\\
    $U_{sfGFP}$ & $5\times10^{-2}$  &--\\
    $D_h$ & from $1\times10^{-7}$ to $9\times10^{-7}$ &$\text{cm}^{2}/\text{s}$ \\
    $t_h$ & $72$ & hours \\
    $x_h$ & $7\times10^{-3}$ &$\text{m}$ \\\hline
    \end{tabular}
\end{table}

\section{Experimental Analysis}\label{sec:exp_analysis}

\new{We prepared wetlab experiments to observe the operation of the positive feedback oscillator in terms of the amount of molecular output signal produced $[sfGFP]$. Bacteria used in this experiment was \textit{E.coli} DH5$\alpha$ pTD103luxI\_sfGFP (abbreviated as \textit{E. coli} pTD103). \new{We purchased Luria-Bertani (LB)} broth from Fisher Bioreagents\textsuperscript{\texttrademark)}, Agarose from Promega\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}, and Calcium chloride hexahydrate from Merck \textsuperscript{\texttrademark}. Other reagents and antibiotics required for this experiment were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}. Kanamycin (Kan) and Chloramphenicol (Cam) were sterile and utilised at concentrations of $50\,\mu \text{g/ml}$ and $34\,\mu \text{g/ml}$, respectively. The plasmid used in this experiment, pTD103luxI\_sfGFP, was a gift from Jeff Hasty (Addgene plasmid $\#48885$; http://n2t.net/addgene:48885;RRID: Addgene\_48885), see Figure \ref{fig:gene_bio} \cite{Prindle2012}.}

\begin{figure}[t!]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{gene_bio}
  \caption{Plasmid structure used in this study to produce sfGFP due to the increase in production of the molecular input signal LuxI. Adapted from \cite{Prindle2012}.}
  \label{fig:gene_bio}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure*}[t!]
  \includegraphics[width=0.8\textwidth]{tx_results}
  \caption{Transmission of the molecular signal into the liquid medium after 72 hrs incubation. Cells were captured in 4\% and 2\% SA hydrogel, then incubated with LB-Kan broth for 72 hrs without shaking. The experiment was performed once. The images were taken by iBright FL1000 system (Invitrogen). (a) Observation of the spatial distribution of the molecular output signal in a plate. (b) Observation of the molecular output signal production in test tubes, where the engineered bacterial population is placed at the bottom of the tubes.}
  \label{fig:tx_res}
\end{figure*}

\begin{figure}[t!]
  \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{expbio_results}
  \caption{Secreted molecular output signals recorded after $72$ hours. The cells were encapsulated in agarose hydrogel bubble and then incubated with $1.5\%$ agarose-Cam for $72$ hours. The experiment was performed as triplicates, and the images were taken by iBright FL1000\textsuperscript{\texttrademark} system (Invitrogen\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}).}
  \label{fig:expbio_res}
\end{figure}

\new{In our first experiment, we encapsulated \textit{E. coli} pTD103 in sodium alginate (SA) hydrogel and detected fluorescent proteins secreted into the liquid medium. \textit{E. coli} pTD103 stock \new{was} streaked onto LB-Kan agar and incubated at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$ $24-48$ hours as a fresh growth then cultivated into LB-Kan broth and incubated at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$ for $4$ hours at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$, $220$ rpm in a benchtop orbital shaker incubator (Grant-bio\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}) prior to a centrifugation at $1,500$ rpm for $10$ minutes (Sigma 4K15\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}, mid bench centrifuge). Cell pellets were harvested, re-suspended in $2\%$ and $4\%$ SA solution and dropped into $50\,\text{mM}\,\text{CaCl}^2$ solution to form SA beads. The beads were stored at $4^{\circ}\text{C}$ overnight prior to the setting up of the experiments.}

\new{On the day of experiment, the beads were washed twice by sterile distilled water then incubated in LB-Kan broth at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$ for $72$ hours without shaking. Supernatants were harvested and centrifuged at $20,000$ times the gravity force for $20$ minutes at $4^{\circ}\text{C}$ to remove cell pellets and other residues. This procedure ensures that the detected molecular output signal was the one propagated into the media, not inside the cells or any SA residues.
The molecular output signal was detected and recorded by iBright FL1000 system \textsuperscript{\texttrademark} (see Figure \ref{fig:tx_res}). In this experiment, we utilised SA hydrogel due to its permeability of nutrient infusion for cell growth, as well as its usage as a protective layer from environmental hazards  \cite{Anselmo2016,Nicodemus2008}. We used two concentrations of SA, $2\%$ and $4\%$, to observe the cell growth and production of the molecular output signal within the SA beads and into the liquid medium. As it can be noted from Figure \ref{fig:tx_res}a, the molecular output signal propagates with better performance at $4\%$ SA in comparison to the $2\%$ SA. A similar result is shown in Figure \ref{fig:tx_res}b, where the molecular output signal is shown in the solid and in the supernatant parts at the bottom and at the top of centrifuge tubes, respectively. This suggested that cells secreted fluorescent proteins while being encapsulated within the SA hydrogel beads. This phenomenon was also observed in other studies \cite{Li2017encapsulation,Tang2020}. Nevertheless, we cannot deny a possibility that the cells may have escaped from the hydrogel beads and produced fluorescent proteins while growing in medium.}

\new{To confirm that E.coli pTD103 can secrete fluorescent proteins  [\emph{sfGFP}] into their surrounding environment without escaping, we performed another experiment with solid medium (i.e., agarose hydrogel). For this experiment, the \textit{E.coli} pTD103 were cultivated in LB-Kan broth for $3-3.5$ hours at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$, $220$ rpm. The cell pellets were harvested by  centrifugation at $1,500$ rpm for $5$ min (Sigma 4K15\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}, mid bench centrifuge), re-suspended then mixed well in warm $1.5\%$ agarose-Kan solution prior to pouring onto $\phi100$ mm petri dishes  (Sarstedt\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}). Once the \new{bacteria-agarose mixture} solidified, the petri dishes were incubated at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$ for $24$ hours \new{subsequent steps}. Each bacteria-hydrogel bubble was placed onto a petri dish containing 1.5\% agarose-Cam and incubated at $37^{\circ}\text{C}$ for $24$, $48$ and $72$ hours. At each time point, the fluorescent signals were recorded by iBright FL1000 system\textsuperscript{\texttrademark} (Invitrogen\textsuperscript{\texttrademark}). At the $72$ hours time point, a triplicate was performed, and the result can be seen in Figure \ref{fig:expbio_res}. The bacteria were entrapped within $1.5\%$ agarose gel containing nutrient (LB) as well as antibiotics (Kan) in order to maintain cell growth as well as their ability to  produce the desired proteins  $[sfGFP]$). According to our results, after $24$ hours incubation, the bacteria grew well and started to produce the molecular output signal (data not shown). Once  placed into a solid medium containing $1.5\%$ agarose-Cam, after $72$ hours, a ring of fluorescence was observed at the edge of each hydrogel bubble, suggesting the cells can grow and produce molecular output signal which are diffused out of their agarose hydrogel bubble (Figure \ref{fig:expbio_res}). The experiment was performed with triplicates to ensure its consistency. We eliminated the ability for the bacteria to mobilise out of their bubbles by using Cam, an antibiotic preventing \textit{E. coli} pTD103 growth (data not shown).}

\section{Conclusions}\label{sec:conclusions}

\new{The internal machinery of bacteria} have been engineered with the purpose of designing biocompatible technological applications. In this paper, we investigated the engineering of \new{a} bacterial quorum sensing system to create a positive feedback loop required for the design of a bio-nanomachine transmitter. In addition, we propose to encapsulate the cells in hydrogel to protect them from mixing with the natural cells in the environment, and this solution can pave the way for  intrabody molecular communications systems using bacterial signalling in humans and animals.

Our numerical analysis shows, considering the scenario investigated, a high throughput with respect to time (reaching more than $10^{-2}\,\text{mol/L}$ in $72$ hours). It also highlights the saturation of the molecular output signal production after $20$ hours for most of the cases, which can be applied for future biotechnological systems that require this stability phase of the bio-nanomachine transmitter operation. When observing the relationship between the signal power at the hydrogel edge membrane and the different values of molecular diffusion coefficients (i.e., higher or lower viscosity media), it can be inferred that the hydrogels can facilitate directive propagation, resulting in higher molecular output signal power than the conventional free-diffusion propagation.

We also provided a proof-of-concept of the bio-nanomachine transmitter through wet lab experiments, where the bacterial population is shown to produce higher fluorescence in their close vicinity, and is able to propagate the molecular output signal through the hydrogel medium and into the environment. It is our intention to further expand the design introduced here to create an end-to-end molecular communications systems that can be used for biosensing and biocomputing applications.

\begin{acks}
This publication has emanated from research conducted with the financial support of Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) and the Department of Agriculture, Food and Marine on behalf of the Government of Ireland under Grant Number [16/RC/3835] - VistaMilk.
\end{acks}

\bibliographystyle{ACM-Reference-Format}

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Home » News » One in eight adults in the UK have experienced suicidal thoughts or feelings because of concerns about their body image – new Mental Health Foundation survey
One in eight adults in the UK have experienced suicidal thoughts or feelings because of concerns about their body image – new Mental Health Foundation survey
Just over one in eight UK adults (13 per cent) have experienced suicidal thoughts or feelings because of concerns about their body image, according to a new survey by the Mental Health Foundation.
The online survey of 4,505 UK adults aged 18 and over was commissioned to mark the launch of Mental Health Awareness Week, which this year has the theme of body image.
The survey, published as part of a report - Body Image: How we think and feel about our bodies - found that just over one third of UK adults have felt anxious (34 per cent), or depressed (35 per cent) because of concerns about their body image.
Almost one in five UK adults (19 per cent) have felt "disgusted" because of their body image and one in five (20 per cent) said they had felt "shame" because of their body image in the last year.
The survey found that body image issues affected adult UK women more than men, with one in ten women (10 per cent) saying they have self-harmed or "deliberately hurt themselves" because of their body image, compared to 4 per cent of men.
But the survey found that body image issues can also affect large numbers of men, with a quarter of men (25 per cent) saying they have felt depressed because of concerns about their body image.
It was also clear that body image issues affect people throughout their lives. One in five people (20 per cent) aged 55 and above have said they have felt anxious because of their body image.
The charity is demanding reform in relation to social media and advertising that is linked to worry about body image. The charity is also providing advice about how people can take individual action to protect themselves.
Mental Health Foundation Chief Executive Mark Rowland said: "Our survey indicates that millions of adults in the UK are struggling with concerns about their body image. For some people this is potentially very severe, with large numbers saying they have self-harmed or had suicidal thoughts and feelings.
"Women, and particularly young women, are showing the highest rates of distress. Significant numbers have felt feelings of disgust and shame or changed their behaviour to avoid situations that make them reflect negatively about their bodies.
"But body image issues can affect anyone and at any stage in life. Our research suggests that a worrying proportion of men have felt anxious or depressed about their bodies.
"Many people identified social media as an important factor causing them to worry about their body image - and the majority of respondents felt the Government needed to take more action."
Just over one in five (22 per cent) of all UK adults and almost half (46 per cent) of 18-24 year olds said images on social media had caused them to worry about their body image.
Nearly six in ten UK adults (59 per cent) think the UK Government needs to do more to protect the public from the presentation or use of unhealthy body images in advertising and social media.
In response, the Foundation is calling on the UK Government and relevant industries to take action, including regulation of social media and more powers for the Advertising Standards Authority.
Mr Rowland said: "Our survey underscores how commercial, social media and advertising pressures on body image are contributing to mental health problems for millions of people.
"This social harm has been allowed to develop largely unchecked. While there have been some positive initiatives, social media companies have frequently been unwilling to take the necessary steps to protect their users from harmful content.
"That is why today we are calling on the UK Government to tackle the promotion of unhealthy or idealised body image images as a specific part of its policy in this area.
"New codes of practice should include an expectation that social media companies must take practical steps to ensure that the content they promote does not exacerbate body image concerns.
"This could be enforced by the new independent regulator, which is already part of the Government proposals contained in the Online Harms White Paper."
The survey was carried out by YouGov. Total sample size was 4505 adults. Fieldwork was between 25th - 26th March 2019. The survey was carried out online. The figures have been weighted and are representative of all UK adults (aged 18+).
For further information or to arrange an interview with a spokesperson or case study please contact:
Rachel Baird, Senior Media Officer: 07749 159 029 and [email protected]
Fran Edwards, Senior Media Officer: 0203 803 1110 and 07786 437 249 and [email protected]
The Mental Health Foundation will release new statistics relating to teenagers and their body image at 00:01 hours on Wednesday 15th May. These will be sent to the media on Tuesday 14th, under embargo.
Since 1949, the Mental Health Foundation has been the UK's leading charity for everyone's mental health. With prevention at the heart of what we do, we aim to find and address the sources of mental health problems so that people and communities can thrive. Our mission is to help people understand, protect and sustain their mental health.
Please note that these contact details are for media enquiries only.
If you are a journalist and have a media request, please call 020 7803 1110.
For out of hours urgent press enquiries, please email [email protected] or call 07702 873939. If your call is not answered immediately leave a message and we will get back to you as soon as possible.
Unfortunately, we do not have the capacity to respond to student media requests but we hope the website is useful in helping with your studies.
For emotional support, please contact Samaritans helpline on 116 123. For anyone seeking information on help and support in their area, contact Mind Infoline on 0300 123 3393 or text 86463.


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CACI wins $81 million contract by the US Army to continue the TROJAN SPIRIT Program 31401162
Posted On Thursday, 14 January 2016 15:21
Defence & Security News - CACI
CACI wins $81 million contract by the US Army to continue the TROJAN SPIRIT Program
CACI International Inc announced today that it has been awarded an $81 million contract by the U.S. Army's Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate (I2WD) to continue supporting the TROJAN SPIRIT Program. This three-year contract represents continuing work in CACI's Intelligence Systems and Support market area.
Spc. Tiffany Challies and Sgt. Terrlyah Jackson from the 470th Military Intelligence Brigade conduct preventive maintenance checks and services on the TROJAN SPIRIT. (Photo: U.S. Army).
TROJAN SPIRIT is the Army's intelligence dissemination system that provides secure information connectivity to tactical commanders on the battlefield. It enables troops to receive mission-critical, secure voice and intelligence data anywhere in the world. Under this award, CACI will continue providing integration, fielding, training, and logistics services to help the Army to deploy and maintain the TROJAN SPIRIT terminals worldwide.
CACI Chief Operating Officer and President of U.S. Operations John Mengucci said, "As a trusted partner to the U.S. Army's Intelligence and Information Warfare Directorate, CACI is dedicated to continuing our support to the TROJAN SPIRIT Program. We have the proven expertise and program familiarity to help sustain this vital communications network."
Ken Asbury, CACI's President and Chief Executive Officer said, "With our ongoing support for the U.S. Army's TROJAN SPIRIT Program, CACI continues to strengthen our Intelligence Systems and Support business. This critically important contract also enables us to continue to support some of our nation's highest priorities in maintaining information superiority for America's military and ensuring the safety of U.S. forces on the battlefield."


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Midway Atoll Teaches 4 Valuable Lessons to Visitors
Environmental carpe diem
Jaymi Heimbuch JaymiHeimbuch
© Jaymi Heimbuch
Midway is a paradise, and visiting it with the Oceanic Society last month was an incredible privilege. As I reflect back on the journey, from the history of the atoll to the wildlife that calls it home, there are four aspects of the atoll that surface as the most important to consider.
Appreciating The Beauty of Midway
Midway is home base for many seabird species, from the Bonin petrels pictured above, to Great frigatebirds, Red-footed boobies, Black-footed albatross and more. It is an important habitat for nesting as well as a rest stop for shorebirds during migrations.
Midway is the most important breeding area for Laysan albatross, a species vulnerable to extinction as pollution and fishing pressures increase. To see the chicks being reared -- to watch their struggles and successes -- was truly amazing.
The diversity of wildlife on this tiny spit of land in the middle of the Pacific ocean is incredible. Even the surprises among species is wonderful to see, including albino Laysan chicks and hybrids between Laysan and Black-footed albatross species.
Endangered Green sea turtles come to Midway to rest, and recently even to reproduce. They bask in the sun on Turtle Beach and pause to feed on Man O War jellyfish. Spinner dolphins seek refuge in the atoll's lagoon during the day, resting before leaving to hunt at night.
Hawaiian monk seals also find Midway important habitat for resting and raising pups. This critically endangered seal is the oldest seal species and yet is on the cusp of extinction. Having quiet beaches on the three islands of Midway is vital to their survival.
Midway is also once again home to a species that dwindled down to just 12 individuals at one point: the Laysan Teal. This adorable duck species was translocated here from Laysan Island a few years ago and the population has taken off. It is amazing to see a duck so content in the middle of the ocean.
Restoring Habitat and Health to the Atoll
The second aspect of Midway today that stands out the most is the efforts put forward to restore the habitat to what it once was, and make room for the endemic species of plants and animals to flourish.
From lead paint remediation to end the thousands of deaths caused by decades paint chips flaking into the soil, to pulling mountains of invasive plants and replacing them with native plant species and safe habitat for nesting birds, the USFWS does as much as possible on a tight budget with few workers to return this place to its former glory -- all while preserving the military history of the atoll.
© Rebecca Jackrel
Cleaning the plastic washing up on shore is one of the major tasks that will never end on Midway. We have polluted the ocean to such a degree with our plastics that it is hard to fathom a day when all of it is cleaned up. Still, workers and volunteers try their best to tidy things up.
And that leads us to the third thing that stands out the most to me about Midway -- the value of volunteers. The Oceanic Society does a wonderful job setting up opportunities for ecotourists to give back to the islands. While visiting, I was excited to take part in planting bunch grass, a native grass that helps keep the albatross chicks cool and protected.
Volunteers have even been responsible for painting the decoys that have helped draw the endangered Short-tailed albatross to nest on Midway for the first time in recorded history.
And there are more permanent volunteers on Midway than the passing ecotourists. Three volunteers take up residence on Midway every three months to help in any way they can. Many of the important jobs the USFWS needs to accomplish would be impossible without these volunteers. Their daily tasks include monitoring the health of the albatross populations, keeping the Laysan Teal habitat safe from botulism, battling the invasive weeds and planting native plants, cleaning beaches and much, much more.
There is so much work left to be done, indeed it will be never-ending. But even to restore Midway as much as has already been done is an incredible feat considering the odds.
Remembering Why It Is Worth Saving
And finally, this brings us to the fourth issue most clear to me after the trip to Midway: the fact that all the hard work is so very worth it.
Midway has turned from a battle ground to a World Heritage Site in a matter of decades. There is an incredible amount of history to this place, and it is a cultural and ecological important area. It is more than just the wildlife and history that is worth saving. It is the idea that we can turn a place around, change it back to what it once was and make it whole again.
Midway should be considered a symbol of hope for the environmental movement. The lessons learned here about placing the ecosystem first to ensure the survival of many species, while also considering the well-being of the human population, can be translated to the entire planet.
Sometimes it seems as if the global problems of pollution, habitat loss, species extinction and warming temperatures is beyond our ability to fix -- we've let things run beyond repairability. But stopping to consider why it is all worth saving makes the monumental task something to tackle.
The successes experienced through long-term management strategies and the ongoing efforts to restore vitality to the island are messages of hope for what can be accomplished globally. If we pay attention to this speck of land in the middle of the Pacific Ocean, we can learn how to repair the entire planet.
If you'd like to take part in an expedition to Midway or other atolls, check out the trips offered by the conservation group Oceanic Society. It's ecotourism at its best!
Coverage of our trip to Midway has come to a close, but leaves us with much to think about for conservation efforts worldwide.
Is This Yours? Search Midway Atoll's Lost & Found For Your Lost Pla...
Midway's Green Sea Turtles Dine on Jellyfish For Lunch (Photos)
Bringing The Endangered Golden Gooney to Midway
What would a world without sharks be like?


Right now, I am in the final stages of updating every restaurant's listing in the 7 Nights guide. It's no easy task, but what makes it fun is learning more about each eatery.
If I hadn't spoken to owner Vasilio Vlahakis recently, I wouldn't have known that his Barre restaurant, Basil's Pizzeria & Restaurant had Broasted chicken. I've only seen it one other place in Vermont, the P&H Truck Stop in Wells River.
What is Broasted chicken? In 1954, Broaster Foods invented a method of simultaneous pressure cooking and frying. The result: chicken that retains all of its juicy goodness, but also absorbs less fat in the frying process. It's kind of the Esperanto of fried chicken — a really great idea that was just a little too weird to fully catch on.
Inside, Basil's has a casual pizzeria feel. We were told to seat ourselves and chose one of the assorted colors and styles of booths. A vase of fake royal blue and fluorescent pink flowers, tag still on, sat on the table.This was particularly odd, given the fact that Basil's recently started a new gimmick — flowers delivered with your pizza. Hopefully the drivers remove the tags before delivery.
The menu is large and appealing, with American diner-style dishes, pizza, Italian choices and even gyros and baklava in honor of Vlahakis' homeland.
We opted to start with the spinach salad (right). It reminded me of salads I make myself at work, out of a plastic bag that I take from home. Not that I don't enjoy those salads, but this was just a little sad looking.
Sadder still were the cranberries, which were candied and chewy. In fact, I'm still not certain they weren't fruit snacks. The raspberry vinaigrette was of a similar character. There wasn't any vinegar taste to speak of. It reminded me of the flavored "maple" syrups at IHOP. The salad's saving grace was house-roasted pecans, which had a pleasantly toasty, not-too-sweet taste.
Basil's pizza has been voted Central Vermont's best in the Times Argus. Barre-based friends have also stumped for it, so I had high hopes.
I ordered the "Basil's Special," a combination of mushrooms, peppers, onions, sausage, hamburger ("hamburg" on the menu) and pepperoni. The crust was a good texture, crisp and slightly chewy at the bone. There were so many toppings, it was difficult to taste the sauce, so I can't really attest to its quality. I could have done without the plain, overcooked crumbles of ground beef. Both pepperoni and sausage were flavorful, though I wish the pepperoni hadn't been buried, unable to crisp up.
I had the opposite issue with the peppers and mushrooms. Both were raw, apparently thrown on top at the end of cooking. This made for an unpleasant textural departure, though the peppers tasted fresh.
Then it was time for the pièce de résistance — a thigh, breast and leg, all pressure-fried. I wish their batter had been better seasoned, but really, it didn't matter. The chicken was juicy in a natural, chicken-y way, sans brine or grease. If there was skin attached, it was undetectable. The coating was nothing but an almost sheer, tissue-thin layer of addictive crispness.
My boyfriend described the fries as "like eating fried chicken themselves." They were battered, perhaps in the same coating and perfectly crisp outside, with a cloud-like center. I usually balk at mayonnaise-based coleslaw, but this one, dotted liberally with celery seeds, was so flavorful, I didn't mind the creaminess.
As for the baklava, at $1.50 a plate, I had to try it, although it's not generally my favorite dessert. This, however, was an excellent representation of the dish, completely free of the cloying sweetness that's all too common among Mediterranean desserts.
The top layers of phyllo were crisp and buttery, but far from greasy. Inside, cinnamon and cloves worked alongside honey, and were not overwhelmed by it. Whipped cream and chocolate sauce (I got them on the side) were a nice touch. The baklava was so nice, in fact, that we took another piece home. If only fried chicken could travel that well.


For Easter, my wonderful parents sent me a basket complete with my favorite vegan chocolate, a pair of adorable socks with bunnies on them, and something I'd never seen before - powdered peanut butter! I know! Crazy!
Now, I was faced with an important decision - what to do with this exciting new discovery? And the answer was an obvious one. Chocolate peanut butter cookies! Of course!
Mix dry ingredients. Add wet ingredients. Mix well. Fold in almonds and chocolate chips.
Scoop out 1 tbsp dollops of dough onto parchment paper covered cookie sheet. Flatten the dough a bit with a fork, as the cookies will not really change shape while baked.
Place cookie sheet on top rack of the oven and bake for 12-14 minutes. Allow to cool for about two minutes on the cookie sheet, then transfer to a cooling rack.


Avalon Consulting participated in the CWW executive meeting in Bologna, hosted by Bonfiglioli Consulting. The executives discussed ways to work on new solutions to support clients. Alfa Consulting, Horváth & Partners Management Consultants, Key To Way, North Highland, Oresys, S.POINT 指南创新, and Twynstra Gudde also participated in the event.


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Club Championships 2017: Day One Storylines (Men's Division)
The stories we're talking about after pool play.
October 20, 2017 by Simon Pollock, Cody Mills, Preston Thompson and Patrick Stegemoeller in Coverage, News, Recap with 0 comments
Revolver v. High Five. Photo: Paul Rutherford — UltiPhotos.com
Ultiworld's coverage of the Men's Division at the 2017 Club Championships is presented by Spin Ultimate; all opinions are those of the authors. Please support the brands that make Ultiworld possible and shop at Spin Ultimate!
Here's a look at the biggest stories from pool play in the Men's Division.
Pool A
Revolver Quietly Goes Undefeated
Unlike the #2 overall seed Sockeye, Revolver had a smooth day, going 3-0 to remain undefeated in pool play since 2006. They were tested on their as-yet suspect zone offense early in the day by Doublewide, who threw a variety of zones at them, but they stayed calm and yielded just one break against zone (and only three total on the day). They also took half 8-1 on Sub Zero in ~24 minutes. The High Five game was tighter than expected, but more as a function of the D-line's inability to cash in breaks; the offense went unbroken. The increased pressure of bracket play looms, but San Francisco looks to be rounding into form.
-Cody Mills
Yes, Mischa Freystaetter Is That Good
At least for Florida United, the steady Sarasota wind was welcome. Cole Sullivan relentlessly muscled hucks toward his 6'7″ cutter for most of the day and Mischa Freystaetter walked away leading the tournament across all tracked statistical categories: nine goals, nine assists, and four blocks.
He was everywhere for Florida. Downfield as a the big target, open on break side arounds, throwing continuation goals, and gobbling up dishes over the open side cone.
It helped that Florida's big zone made hay in the wind. When Freystaetter couldn't snag a throw —especially against Sockeye— both his O-line and D-line teammates were ready to set a four-person cup on the turn. They fell into it easily, and it baffled opponents trying to work their way upwind without cranking out difficult hammers.
Thanks to Freystaetter, gamesmanship, and maybe a little bit of home-field advantage, Florida United gets a round off this morning and will play the winner of Johnny Bravo vs. Doublewide prequarter matchup.
PoNY Plays Hard, Plans & Adjusts Well
Harper Garvey, Chris Kocher, and Sean Keegan led a well-coached New York contingent to second in the pool, completing the flip flop of the initial seeding. In the first round, the defense battled their way into just a few breaks. It gave the PoNY O-line the room they needed to work, and they staved off a Chicago Machine team that had their hucks stifled by the steady wind blowing diagonally down the field.
Against Sockeye —who were already reeling from their first round loss— they went toe to toe with the full depth of Seattle's roster and won the game going away.
By the time the end of the day rolled around, the original No. 4 seed in Poll B was playing with house money, and close an 11-7 gap with Florida to 13-12, before losing the last point.
-Simon Pollock
Pool C
Ironside Ramps Up Throughout The Day
Hopes were high for the reigning National Champions, but an early morning stumble had fans of Boston Ironside worried.
In the first round of pool play, Philadelphia Patrol quickly realized that forcing Boston to grind out long offensive points could keep things close. Ealy in the game, Ironside worked for 15-20 minutes after multiple turnovers just to score an offensive hold and tie the game at 3-3.
Cutters were moving into the same space and throwers were holding the disc for nearly full stalls. Sloppy play almost resulted in disaster. Patrol received on offense going downwind on double game point. Another score and they might've advanced out of pool play, having they've thrown the reigning champs into disarray.
Boston escaped with the win and had a chance to improve against GOAT. Already, improvements were being made on both sides of the disc. The Ironside defense played with fire and intensity that was lacking in the first round, led by Christian Foster and Mac Hecht. Despite the strong play, they trailed GOAT 6-5 in the first half.
The Ironside offense began to click in the second half of that game. Boston threw zero turns in 13 points, on a 10-3 run to close the game. They carried that momentum into their final game of the day.
Against Ring of Fire, Ironside played their best ultimate yet. After being broken on the first offensive point, the Ironside offense was near-perfect for the rest of the game. The second half required multiple upwind breaks, which Boston handled with ease. They faced one of the best defenses in the men's game and came away with a 13-11 victory.
Ironside began their Nationals campaign with a shaky performance, but they're trending upwards. It's scary to think that the reigning champs could be getting better with each and every game they play, but that seems to be the case. Watch out.
Ring Shows Off their Young Studs … Again
There was a moment early in Ring of Fire's day when the cutter wearing the number four jersey was isolated in the middle of the field. The crowd collectively searched through their event programs to find out who it was. Dillon Lanier, at 19 years old, was being isolated in the middle of the field against some of the best defenders in the game. And it worked.
On an ensuing offensive point, Ring of Fire's number ten was isolated as he cut deep for a huge gain. Again as spectators searched they found the young Henry Fisher willing the number three seed forward.
Add in Jacob Fairfax, Sol Yanuck, and Terrence Mitchell, and you have a star lineup of players all under the age of 22. This is not a new phenomenon for Ring of Fire. Justin Allen broke onto the scene for Ring when he was 22 and 23 year old Jack Williams has been a standout cutter for them for the last three years. But now, several Ring players have high-level college experience under their belt. Yanuck, Fisher and Lanier are fresh off of a national championship, and Matt Gouchoe-Hanas led North Carolina to a semifinals appearance.
What makes Ring of Fire dangerous isn't just their youth; it's that in any game a player under 23 could take control of a moment. The potential is always there, and they have a few more games to put it together.
-Preston Thompson
Pool D
Every Point Matters For Boston Dig
Boston Dig came in seeded third in Pool D but ended Thursday No. 1 after staging three consecutive heroic comebacks. Two resulted in victories; one over Truck Stop in the morning and the other over The Condors in the afternoon. One fell a hair short, as they dropped a game to Johnny Bravo 14-13 on hard cap. Even that loss to Denver proved to be an important part of Dig's conquest of Pool D, as they needed every point to come out on top in the pool via tiebreaker.
Trailing Bravo 14-9, Dig tacked on four straight to pull within one. Unfortunately for Boston, hard cap had gone off a point too soon. While Dig ended the game with a goal on a huck from Jeff Babbitt to Tim Schoch, time had run out and Bravo limped away with a win.
When the dust cleared at the end of the day, Dig, Truck Stop, and Bravo were all tied at 2-1, but Dig was tied with Truck Stop for best point differential. Because Boston had the head-to-head advantage over Truck Stop, they won the pool and the bye to quarterfinals. Without that consolation point against Bravo, meaningless in the context of the individual game, Truck would be atop the pool and not Dig. It just goes to show that at Nationals, every point can matter.
Mark Lloyd Showing Signs of Life
One of the big questions heading into Nationals was how Mark Lloyd would fit into Johnny Bravo's scheme, and how much the Toronto legend had left in the tank. After a tentative start to the day where Lloyd show some flashes – a nice grab here, a layout block against Dig there – he opened up the throttle against Truck Stop in Johnny Bravo's final game of pool play.
Gigantic skies over packs of opposing players, teammates putting him trust throws in double coverage, slick continuation throws after a massive in cut; Lloyd was looking like his circa-2014 self again. The performance clearly emboldened his teammates to continue seeking out Lloyd when they had the disc. There was one sequence in which Jimmy Mickle locked in on Lloyd on almost every throw, finding his Canadian teammate in the endzone for back to back goals.
Lloyd's stat line was respectable, three goals and an assist. But what really resonated was the feeling that he was back. That when a disc went up in his general direction, there was no doubt about who was going to come down with it. Even with this performance, Bravo couldn't overcome Truck Stop, and they'll need even more from Lloyd in bracket play tomorrow if they're to return to semifinals.
Truck Stop Still Building
Some teams try to peak over the course of a season, but Washington DC Truck Stop look like they are cramming a whole season's worth of growth into one tournament. After falling apart at the hands of a furious comeback from Dig, they took care of business against the Condors before looking very impressive in their win over Johnny Bravo.
Against Bravo, despite windy conditions, the Truck Stop offense was crisp and able to win with small ball and aggressive downfield looks. Following the season ending injury to Alan Kolick, D.C. has given the keys to the backfield to Nicky Spiva. Not quite as fluid as Kolick in the handler space, Spiva makes up for it with perfect touch on his throws and a sense of creativity combined with superb field vision. Tyler Monroe has grown into his role as the main initiating cutter, and Markham Shofner was one of the best throwers in the wind across the division.
Despite finishing second in the pool, Truck Stop looked like the best team by the end of the day. Their offense faltered under pressure in the morning, but by the end of the day they were able to nail in holds whenever Bravo started to cut into their lead. If D.C. continues to improve, they'll be a real handful in the bracket.
-Patrick Stegomoeller
Simon Pollock
Simon Pollock is a former Contributing Editor at Ultiworld. He lives in Seattle and started writing for the site in 2014 while living in Baltimore, MD. Email him: simon@ultiworld.com or tweet at him: @_simonpollock_ .
Cody Mills
Cody Mills is an Ultiworld contributor. He is a former captain and coach of the Stanford men's team and currently coaches Cal Poly-SLO and San Francisco Revolver. Before retiring due to injury in 2014 he played club for Boost FC and in the MLU for the San Francisco Dogfish. He also runs frisbee-rankings.com
Preston Thompson
Preston Thompson has been a staff writer for Ultiworld since 2013. He is a graduate of the University of Alabama where he played for four years. He started playing ultimate in the AFDC in Atlanta, GA in 2009. You can reach him by e-mail (preston.james.thompson@gmail.com) or follow him on Twitter (@pston3).
Patrick Stegemoeller
Patrick Stegemoeller is a Senior Staff Writer for Ultiworld, co-host of the Sin The Fields podcast, and also a lawyer who lives in Brooklyn.
TAGGED: USAU Club, USAU Club Men's, Chris Kocher, Harper Garvey, Mark Lloyd, MIscha Freystaetter
EVENTS: 2017 Club Championships
TEAMS: Boston Dig, Boston Ironside, Denver Johnny Bravo, Florida United, New York PoNY, Raleigh Ring of Fire, San Francisco Revolver, Seattle Sockeye, Washington DC Truck Stop
Gone Fishing: Sockeye Drops All Three Pool Play Games To Miss Bracket
2017 National Championships: Men's Highlights
Comments on "Club Championships 2017: Day One Storylines (Men's Division)"


Elementary (one-dimensional) cellular automaton is really easy to code in Ruby. My first implementation has 40 lines of code. It's a class with few instance methods. Object created from it can hold a generation in an array. Elements of an array are cells, their state is defined by integer (0 or 1). Method named "step" (no idea if it's good name) returns new array generated basing on neighborhood of cells and some rule, in this case rule 30.
P.S. My tests are also documentation at the same time, they describe the class and it's methods. When I run RSpec with format d option, I get more verbose output. I need to write tests that way, offcourse. This practice isn't always required and sometimes is impossible but this way I don't need to write comments in the code or any extra documentation. Well written code and tests should be enough for me or others to understand the code when looking at it later.


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Home / Communications / News & Events / Department News / Training Opportunities / Training Opportunities News Archive / Sign up for T4 website training on Nov. 18
Sign up for T4 website training on Nov. 18
Are you a new faculty or staff member at Texas Wesleyan? The Office of Digital Marketing & Strategy invites you to a TerminalFour (T4) website training session from 8:30 a.m.-12:30 p.m. Friday, Nov. 18 in the Armstrong-Mabee Business Center room 214. During training, you'll learn how to use T4 and update your department's website.
We'll cover how to...
Upload media files such as images and PDFs
Modify website content
Create new pages
Add news stories & events
You're already the expert in your field. Now, it's time to become an expert content contributor. Let us know you're coming and sign up for T4 training. Learn everything you need to know about the University website.
Save My Seat
Have a question? Contact Brenna Allison, digital content specialist, at ballison@txwes.edu or 817-531-5813.