Aim of the study is to assess the antimicrobial activity Cassia fistula fruit pulp extracts on some bacterial and fungal strains. Hydro alcohol and chloroform extracts of Cassia fistula fruit pulp were evaluated for the potential antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial activity was determined in both the extracts using the agar disc diffusion method. Extracts were effective on tested microorganisms. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of solvent extracts (5, 25, 50, 100, 250 μg/mL) of C. fistula were tested against two gram positive, two gram negative human pathogenic bacteria and three fungi, respectively. Crude extracts of C. fistula exhibited moderate to strong activity against most of the bacteria tested. The tested bacterial strains were Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Escherichia coil, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and fungal strains were Aspergillus. niger, Aspergillus. clavatus, Candida albicans. The antibacterial potential of the extracts were found to be dose dependent. The antibacterial activities of the C. fistula were due to the presence of various secondary metabolites. Hence, these plants can be used to discover bioactive natural products that may serve as leads in the development of new pharmaceuticals research activities.
Ashwagandharishta, an Ayurvedic classical formulation, is the remedy for Apasmara (epilepsy), Murchha (syncope), Unmada (psychosis), etc. Recent studies in animal models have shown that n-3 PUFAs can raise the threshold of epileptic seizures. The indigenous medicinal plant, called Atasi (Linum usitatissimum Linn.) in Ayurveda, or flax seed, is the best plant source of omega-3 fatty acids. The present study is designed to investigate whether Ashwagandharishta and Atasi taila (flax seed oil) protect against maximal electroshock (MES) seizures in albino rats. Further, a possible protective role of flax seed oil as an adjuvant to Ashwagandharishta in its anticonvulsant activity has also been evaluated in the study. MES seizures were induced for rats and seizure severity was assessed by the duration of hind limb extensor phase. Phenytoin was used as the standard antiepileptic drug for comparison. Both flax seed oil and Ashwagandharishta significantly decreased convulsion phase. Pre-treatment with flax seed oil exhibited significant anticonvulsant activity by decreasing the duration of tonic extensor phase. Contrary to the expectations, pre-treatment with flax seed oil as an adjuvant to Ashwagandharishta failed to decrease the tonic extensor phase; however, it significantly decreased the flexion phase (P < 0.001) and duration of the convulsions (P < 0.05). Both the drugs exhibited an excellent anti-post-ictal depression effect and complete protection against mortality.
Walking is an isotonic aerobic exercise and has been associated with reduced blood sugar level in diabetic patients and other physiological changes in observational studies. A study was conducted to determine the effect of isotonic aerobic exercise (walking) on blood sugar level and other important physiological parameters as per Prakriti. This study was carried out in Department of Kriya Sharira and Kayachikita, S. S. Hospital; Faculty of Ayurveda, IMS, BHU and some cases were enrolled from Kashi Mumukshu Bhawan, Assi, Varanasi. A total 83 (32 diabetic control and 51 diabetic exercise) diabetic cases were included with age ranging from 35 to 65 years during January 2009 to January 2011. Control cases enrolled in this study had not performed any exercise. The results of the study revealed that, there is a strong association in between Prakriti, Blood pressure and certain other Biochemical parameters.
Procedures for preparation of Lauha Bhasma are described in ancient texts of Ayurveda. These procedures also begin with different source material for iron such as Teekshna Lauha and Kanta Lauha etc. In the present study, we have selected different source materials viz. magnetite iron ore for Kanta Lauha and pure (Armco grade) iron turnings for Teekshna Lauha. The standard procedures of preparation of Lauha Bhasma are carried out in identical conditions for these two raw materials. The final product from the Puta are characterized by using X-ray diffraction and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy to understanding the crystallographic form or forms of iron oxides and their composition at the end of each Puta. The iron content at the end of repeated Putas (18 for Kanta Lauha and 20 for Teekshna Lauha) have shown a decrease in case of Teekshna Lauha since the starting material is pure iron while it showed only marginal decreases in the case of Kanta Lauha because the Fe 3 O 4 of magnetite is undergoing oxidation to Fe 2 O 3 . The trace elements remain within the Bhasma in the form of various oxides of Si, Al, Ca, etc.
By 2020, it is predicted that non-communicable diseases will be causing seven out of every 10 deaths in developing countries. Indian traditional medicine system with the concept of personalized therapy in Ayurveda has the potential to offer remedies to these challenging health issues. Integration of Ayurveda, Siddha and Unani, the three Indian systems of medicine (ISM), along with homoeopathic and allopathic systems of medicine to ensure health for all citizens across the country is the new Mantra of the Union health ministry. To tap the potentials of our indigenous medicine systems and other popular systems of medicine it is important to assess the awareness among people and make efforts to popularize them. The present study was therefore carried out to assess the awareness among 200 respondents with the help of a multiple choice questionnaire by the interview method. Convenience sampling technique was employed. The awareness about lifestyle, diet, oil consumption needs more vigorous attention as observed in this study. The most popular choice was found to be groundnut oil. Around 4% of the participants used more than one medium of cooking. Forty-two percent of the participants observed fast regularly. Twenty-three percent of the participants did not include any form of exercise in their daily routine while walking was the most popular form of exercise performed by 43%. By using multiple comparisons it was observed that the difference between i) Allopathy- Homeopathy, ii) Allopathy - Ayurvedic and iii) Ayurvedic- Homeopathy as 15.5263, 7.1053 and 8.4211, respectively, are significant at a = 0.05. A larger sample size encompassing various economic strata could be a better index of popularity of various alternative medicine systems existing in different sections of our society.
Osteoporosis is a systemic disorder that affects entire skeleton, which is a metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration of the skeleton, leading to enhanced bone fragility and a consequent increase in fracture risk. In Ayurveda, it can be correlated with Asthi-Majjakshaya. Basti (therapeutic enema) is the prime therapy for Asthi related diseases and Asthi Shrinkhala (Cissus quadrangularis) is the drug which is being used for strengthening of bone by traditional Vaidya since long. It has been selected for oral administration. In clinical trial, 12 patients treated with Majja Basti along with Asthi Shrinkhala pulp capsules and results are very encouraging.
A comparative study of Shankhapushpyadi Ghana Vati and Sarpagandhadi Ghana Vati in the management of "Essential Hypertension"
Hypertension is a major public health problem of this era. Hypertension related morbidity and mortality rates have dramatically increased over the last 25 years. Stressful life style is one of the leading causes of Hypertension. The treatment of hypertension remains a primary goal in the effort to reduce morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease, stroke and kidney disease. In this study, 20 patients were randomly divided in two groups and treated along with restricted diet pattern for 8 weeks. Patients of Group A received poly-herbal compound formulation Shankhapushpyadi Ghana Vati (2gm/day). It was found that, relief in overall symptoms (63.93%) elevated blood pressure (8.91% in Systolic blood pressure and 8.44% in diastolic blood pressure). In group-B, with Sarpagandhadi Ghana Vati (2gm/day) the percent relief was better on elevated blood pressure (12.00% in Systolic blood pressure and 11.02% in diastolic blood pressure). When data is subjected in between both the groups, it is found that, both drugs are equally effective.
Bhagandara (Fistula in Ano) at modern parlance is a common anorectal condition prevalent in the populations worldwide and its prevalence is second highest after Arsha (hemorrhoids). Kshara Sutra (K.S.) is one of the chief modality in the treatment of Bhagandara in Ayurvedic science. Exploration of the new plants for the preparation of Kshara as a better substitute to Apamarga Kshara is the need of the hour. To find out an effective alternative to Apamarga K.S. in view of easy processing, a Snuhi Ksheera Sutra without any Kshara and the Tilanala K.S. were opted for their clinical evaluation. Total 33 cases of Bhagandara were divided randomly into 3 groups, having 11 patients in each group. In Group A, Snuhi Ksheera Sutra; in Group B, Tilanala K.S. and in Group C, Apamarga K.S. were used. Assessment was done on objective (Unit Cutting Time - UCT) and subjective parameters. Statistically insignificant difference was observed in the efficacy of treatment by subjective parameters like pain, discharge, etc. between the three groups. It was found that Tilanala K.S. showed higher UCT (9.76 days) while lower in Snuhi Ksheera Sutra (7.42 days) as compared to Apamarga K.S. (8.82 days). Thus Tilanala K.S. can be used as a substitute for Apamarga K.S. and Snuhi Ksheera Sutra can be employed in the recurrent fibrosed cases of Bhagandara.
Vara Asanadi Kwatha (VAK) is a compound Ayurvedic formulation prescribed in the management of obesity. Pharmacognostical study counting both macroscopic and powder microscopy of raw drug exposed the quality and genuineness of all the constituents of VAK. Organoleptic features of coarse powder made out of the crude drugs were within the standard range. Specific gravity of the decoction was 1.0185 and pH was 5.5.Total solid content present in the Kwatha was 4.525% w/v, total ash 0.949% w/v, and acid insoluble ash was 0.052% w/v. Iron assay showed the presence of Fe 2 O 3 as 0.065% w/v. Qualitative scrutiny demonstrated the presence of flavonoids and tannis. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) were carried out after organizing appropriate solvent system in which maximum three spots were distinguished in TLC and nine spots in HPTLC and most of the R f values were identical when done with different sample extractive methods. This shows the presence of certain definite constituents in the decoction and is helpful for the easy separation of these constituents.
Ayurveda is getting its due recognition as a rationale system of medicine worldwide despite the fact that medical and scientific fraternity of the globe has very strong opposite opinion regarding safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines. Meanwhile, provisions of Intellectual Property Rights under World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Patents have attracted many individuals and organizations to explore possibilities of commercial benefits with Ayurvedic traditional knowledge. Although rules are not favoring to grant a patent on prior published knowledge, biopiracy managed grant of Patent on knowledge of Ayurvedic medicinal plants which has been successfully checked with references of data base of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL). Current provisions of the Patent law of India are obstructive in nature for getting patent on Ayurvedic medicines. If we have to invite researchers from basic science to ensure quality, safety and efficacy of Ayurvedic medicines, there is an urgent need to amend laws of patent with pragmatic promotional policies. This will encourage more patents on numerous pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmaceutical products based on Ayurveda. As every action of today's world is based on economic criteria so why stakeholders of Ayurveda should be deprived of it. New inventions would drive acceptance of Ayurveda as a global system of medicine.
New drug discovery is facing serious challenges due to reduction in number of new drug approvals coupled with exorbitant rising cost. Advent of combinatorial chemistry provided new hope of higher success rates of new chemical entities (NCEs); however, even this scientific development has failed to improve the success rate in new drug discovery. This scenario has prompted us to come out with a novel approach of integrated drug discovery, where Ayurvedic wisdom can synergize with drug discovery from plant sources. Initial steps in new drug discovery involve identification of NCEs, which can be either sourced through chemical synthesis or can be isolated from natural products through biological activity guided fractionation. The sources of many of the new drugs and active ingredients of medicines are derived from natural products. The starting point for plant-based new drug discovery should be identification of the right candidate plants by applying Ayurvedic wisdom, traditional documented use, tribal non-documented use, and exhaustive literature search. Frequency analysis of the ingredients of the ancient documented formulations and analysis of their Ayurvedic attributes may provide an in-depth idea of the predominance of particular Ayurvedic characteristics based on which appropriate candidate plants may be selected for bioactivity-based fractionation. The integration of Ayurvedic wisdom with drug discovery also brings the need for a paradigm shift in the extraction process from sequential to parallel extraction. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the identified plant may lead to standardized extract or isolated bioactive druggable compound as the new drug. This integrated approach would lead to saving of cost and time, coupled with enhanced success rate in drug discovery.
At present there are effective drugs in eradicating microfilariae but treatments to control the progression of manifested filariasis, periodic adenolymphangitis (ADL) and lymphedema are not available in conventional system of medicine. So far National Ayurveda Research Institute for Vector-borne diseases, Vijayawada, has conducted many clinical trails on manifested filariasis patients with the classical Ayurvedic herbal, herbo-mineral drugs and found significant results on ADL, lymphedema and other acute and chronic clinical manifestations. An effort has been made to find the effect of Kuberaksha Patra Churna [Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.], Vriddhadaru Mula Churna [Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj.] and Kandughna Taila (oil prepared from 10 Ayurvedic drugs) in manifested filarial patients. Based on inclusion criteria 133 patients were included in three groups (45 in Gr.I, 45 in Gr.II and 43 in Gr.III) and 120 patients completed the study (40 in each group). In Gr. I Argyreia nervosa (Burm.f.) Boj. root powder, Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb. leaf powder mixed equally was given in the dose of 5 g twice a day for 30 days. In Gr.II along with Gr. I internal drugs Kandughna Taila was applied externally in sufficient quantity once a day for 30 days. Gr. III is a control study with Ayurvedic established drug 'Nityananda Rasa' 1 tablet thrice daily for 30 days. Group I and II drugs showed highly significant effect on lymphedema, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis, pain, tenderness, heaviness, deformity, fever and rigors (P<0.0001). Group III drug showed highly significant (P<0.0001) effect on lymphedema, deformity and heaviness; statistically significant (P=0.0018) on pain and tenderness; Significant effect on fever (P=0.0290), rigor (P=0.0290) and in lymphangitis (P=0.0384) and non-significant effect on lymphadenitis (P=0.1033). On statistical analysis effect of treatment on Hb and eosinophil count was found non-significant in three groups. On ESR, effect of treatment was found significant in Gr. III and non-significant in Gr. I and Gr. II.
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to intimidate the human race since time immemorial not only due to its effects as a medical malady, but also by its impact as a social and economic tragedy. At the dawn of the new millennium, we are still mute witnesses to the silent yet efficient march of this sagacious disease, its myriad manifestations and above all its unequalled, vicious power. Through the millennia, TB never ever disappeared from the developing world. In 1991, the World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution recognized TB as a major global public health problem. The DOTS strategy was launched in 1994, and became the global recommended strategy for TB control since then. The present study deals with clinical evaluation of Rasayana drugs considering of Amalaki (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia willd.), Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera L.) Dunal, Yastimadhu (Glycyrrhiza glabra Linn.), Pippali (Piper longum Linn.), Sariva (Hemidesmus indicus R.Br.), Kustha (Saussurea lappa Falc.), Haridra (Curcuma longa Linn.) and Kulinjan (Alpinia galangal Linn.) as an adjuvant therapy with anti-Koch's treatment. The results obtained revealed that Rasayana compound was found to decrease cough (83%), fever (93%), dyspnea (71.3%), hemoptysis (87%) and increase body weight (7.7%) with statistically highly significant (P<0.001).
This work was designed to assess the efficacy of Nasya in reducing the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis. The patients attending the O. P. D of Department of Kaya Chikitsa and Panchakarma, Government Ayurveda College Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram were enrolled and subjected to the treatment schedule. Total duration of treatment was 21days. The schedule for the first 14 days was similar in both the groups. It included Rooksha Sveda for 7days followed by Patra Pottali Sveda for 7days. During this period, 90 ml Gandharvahastadi Kashaya twice and Guggulu Tiktaka Kashaya once were given internally. After this, in the Nasya group Nasya was done for 7days with Dhanwantaram Tailam (21times Aavartita), Mridu Paka in Madhyama Matra (8Bindu). Along with this Guggulu Tiktaka Kashaya was given thrice. In the control group, Guggulu Tiktaka kashaya alone was given thrice daily. Assessments were done with regard to pain, tenderness, radiation of pain, numbness, range of movements and hand grip strength. These were done before treatment, before nasya, after treatment and after 1month follow-up. The statistical hypothesis was tested using paired 't' test and 'Z' test for proportion. The trial proved that conventional management along with Nasya was more efficacious than conventional management alone in reducing the signs and symptoms of cervical spondylosis.
In Ayurveda, three modes of healing are narrated, viz. Daiva-Vyapashraya, Yukti-Vyapashraya, and Sattvavajaya Chikitsa. In the present study, an effort has been made to assess the effect of Sattvavajaya Chikitsa on both Shareera and Manasa Doshas. Similarly, the impact of Yukti-Vyapashraya Chikitsa on both kinds of Doshas has been observed. The psychosomatic disease selected for the study was Manasa-Dosha Ajeerna. The standard drug taken for Ajeerna was Shunthi, while for Sattvavajaya "Trance/Clinical Hypnosis" was applied on the patients. The study was carried out on 27 patients suffering from Ajeerna and having a significant stress score. Patients were divided into two groups with simple random sampling method: Group S was treated with Shunthi tablet, while in group PS, placebo (rice powder tablet) along with Sattvavajaya Chikitsa was provided to the patients. Duration of the treatment was 10 days. Classical signs and symptoms of Ajeerna were studied before and after treatment. Amongst the registered patients, 25 patients completed the course of treatment while 2 dropped out. Group S had shown significant improvement in Vataja and Kaphaja symptoms, while group PS showed significant effect on Pittaja symptoms. In Tamasika Manobhavas causing Ajeerna, group PS had shown significant improvement, while group S showed significant and highly significant effect on Rajasika and Tamasika Bhavas, respectively.
According to Sushruta, disease in which plaque formed on teeth and hardened by the action of deranged Vayu, lies in a crystallized form at root of teeth is called as Dantasharkara. According to Vagbhata, accumulation of dirt on teeth by not cleaning them daily or of Kapha dehydrated by Vata adhering to the teeth, becoming hard and emits bad odor is known as Dantasharkara (Tartar). Tartar manifests as a deposit of inorganic salts composed primarily of calcium carbonate and phosphate mixed with food debris, bacteria and desquamated epithelial cells which reduce the quality of whiteness and strength of the teeth. Teeth loss is also not uncommon in tartar sufferers. Such deposits tend to destroy the healthy growth and function of teeth. It should be removed in such a way as not to hurt the roots of the teeth and then parts should be rubbed (Pratisarana) with Laksha Churna and Madhu. In trial group, management of tartar is attempted by local rubbing of Laksha Churna with Madhu on the surface of teeth and gingiva. Regeneration, repair and new attachment are the aspects of periodontal healing that are achieved by gingival physiotherapy on scaling wound. Pratisarana of Laksha Churna with Madhu is easy to apply, cost effective and free from side effects in comparison to systemic use of modern drugs.
Simple allergic conjunctivitis is the most common form of ocular allergy (prevalence 5 - 22 %). It is a hypersensitivity reaction to specific airborne antigens. The disease Vataja Abhishyanda, which is due to vitiation of Vata Pradhana Tridosha is comparable with this condition. The management of simple allergic conjunctivitis in modern ophthalmology is very expensive and it should be followed lifelong and Ayurveda can provide better relief in such manifestation. This is the first research study on Vataja Abhishyanda. Patients were selected from the Outpatient Department (OPD), Inpatient Department (IPD), of the Shalakya Tantra Department and were randomly divided into two groups. In Group-A Bilvadi Ashchyotana and in Group-B Bilvadi eye drops were instilled for three months. Total 32 patients were registered and 27 patients completed the course of treatment. Bilvadi Ashchyotana gave better results in Toda, Sangharsha, Parushya, Kandu and Ragata as compared with Bilvadi Eye Drops in Vataja Abhishyanda.
Ayurveda has taken the foremost place in the management of crippling disease, one of them is Amavata which can be compared with Rheumatoid Arthritis due to its clinical appearance. Due to wide spectrum of disease, much prevalence in the society and lack of effective medicament, the disease is being chosen for the study. The line of treatment described for the disease in Chakradatta can be summarized under following captions. i.e to bring Agni to normal state to digest Ama, and eliminate vitiated Vata and Ama. Thus, here Kshara Basti is selected for the present study as Samshodhana process which corrects all of above captions. It is mentioned in Chikitsa Sutra described by Chakradatta. Nirgundi has Amavatahara property which is stated by Bhavaprakasha, considering which Nirgundi Patra Ghanavati is selected as Shamana drug. Total 50 randomly selected patients of Amavata were registered among them 45 were completed the treatment. Kshara Basti in the format of Kala Basti was given to these patients and Nirgundi Ghana Vati was given for one month. Statistically significant improvement was found in ESR, RA factor (quantitative) and also highly significant results were found in symptoms of Amavata. Moderate improvement was seen in 40% of patients, 35.56% patients got marked improvement, while mild improvement was found in 24.44% of patients.
The common nutritional deficiency, iron deficiency, causes Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) throughout the world especially in the developing countries. In Ayurveda, different herbal, mineral or herbomineral drugs have been emphasized to combat anemia (Panduroga). Trikatrayadi Lauha and Fersolate-CM (a modern medicine taken as standard control) were administered to the patients to evaluate their role in Panduroga. A simple random sampling method was followed for the clinical study. The 56 iron deficiency anemic patients of both sexes and age group between 16 to 70 years divided into two groups - Group-A (n=34) and Group-C (n=22) were treated with Trikatrayadi lauha and Fersolate-CM, respectively. Both drugs provided significant effect on the signs and symptoms of Shrama (fatigue), Shwasa (dyspnea on exertion), Daurbalya (weakness), Pandu Varna (pallor/yellowish-whitish), Hridspandana (palpitation), Hatanala (diminished digestive capacity), Bhrama (giddiness), Aruchi (anorexia), Arohana Ayasa (exhaustion during climbing), Shiroruja (headache) and Shotha (edema). Trikatrayadi Lauha provided significant results on Hb gm%, RBC, PCV, MCV, serum iron, percent transferrin saturation and TIBC where as insignificant changes were found in MCH and MCHC. Fersolate-CM provided significant results on Hb gm%, RBC, PCV, MCV, MCH, serum iron, percent transferrin saturation and TIBC whereas insignificant change was found in MCHC. Trikatrayadi Lauha showed significant results on Panduroga and Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA).
Eczema is most common skin disease which has social impact. The clinical picture of Eczema resembles with Vicharchika--a skin problem mentioned in Ayurvedic literature with Kapha and Pitta morbidly/pathology. In classical text of Ayurveda, Acharyas emphasize the Shodhana therapy as the line of treatment at various places. Among these various Shodhana therapy, Raktamokshan is indicated specially because Rakta is mainly involved as Dushya in Samprapti Ghataka. In the present comparative study, Raktamokshana with two different methods were selected to find out which method is more appropriate for Raktamokshana in Vicharchika. In A group, Jalaukavacharana Karma with Jalauka (Hirudinea medicinalis) and in B group, Siravedhana Karma with Syringe as method of Raktamokshana was selected. Better result was found in A group. So, it is better to manage Vicharchika using Jalaukavacharana as method of Raktamokshana in place of Siravedhana.
Shukti is an important component of Sudha Varga, which is considered as the latest class in the field of Rasa Shastra. Two types of Shukti have been mentioned in Rasa Shastra texts i.e. Jala Shukti and Mukta Shukti according to the availability. In present study, an attempt has been made to develop a standard manufacturing procedure (SMP) of Jala Shukti Bhasma and Mukta Shukti Bhasma. Five batches of Jala Shukti Bhasma and Mukta Shukti Bhasma were prepared and standardization was attempted by maintaining batch manufacturing records of individual batches. During pharmaceutical procedures like Shodhana, Bhavana, Marana, etc. due care of temperature, its duration, percentage of weight gain or loss and the cost factor of the end product, etc. were considered. The average weight loss observed was 12.08 g i.e. 2.42% and 14.62 g i.e. 2.92% during Jala Shukti and Mukta Shukiti Shodhana respectively. Average weight loss found was 38.94 g i.e. 7.79% in Jala Shukti Bhasma while in Mukta Shukti Bhasma, it was 35.24 g i.e. 7.05%. At the end of the pharmaceutical procedure, it was found that Mukta Shukti Bhasma is 2.8 times costlier than Jala Shukti Bhasma.


Yngve Slyngstad holdt en presentasjon under et seminar om fondets aktive forvaltning 22. september.
Rapporten «Review of the Active Management of the Norwegian Government Pension Fund Global» av Andrew Ang, Michael W. Brandt og David F. Denison (2014), ble presentert under et seminar arrangert av Finansdepartementet. Rapporten ble publisert 20. januar 2014.
Rapporten ble presentert av Andrew Ang, som er professor ved Columbia Business School. Det var forberedt kommentarer fra professorene Campell Harvey (Fuqua School of Business, Duke University) og Øyvind Norli (Handelshøyskolen BI). Yngve Slyngstad, CEO i Norges Bank Investment Management, holdt et innlegg om forvaltningen av Statens Pensjonsfond Utland. Innlegget følger under (kun på engelsk).
Investment management is all about making choices.
What, how, why and when may have a profound impact on investment returns and future value. The framework for the management must ensure that we, on behalf of future generations, make the best choices.
One approach is to use private market indices. These private market indices pool experience from different institutions and are not investable. An alternative to these indices could be to move towards the Opportunity Cost Model as recommended by Professor Ang and his colleagues.
This idea is worth exploring in more detail.
In some years, the differences between the returns on the indices more than outweighed the excess returns we generated in our management.
Index construction is a user driven process. As the index tracking industry has grown in size, liquidity and tradability have become even more important features. This development may explain why the return differences between the indices have become smaller in recent years. The indices may have converged towards an industry practice where liquidity and tradability are key which in turnay have served to push the indices even further away from a market weighted portfolio of the same universe.


The Milanese meeting with Suguru Goto at the end of November 2006 (on the 27 th concert at Teatro Arsenale , organised by the Federation of electronic music in Italy and the day after the workshop at the Accademia Internazionale della Musica ) showed the subtle charm of this artist (Digimag devoted an article to him in its 12 th number with an interview by Elena Vairani: http://www.digicult.it/digimag/article.asp?id=312 .
I could follow both moments in Milan , but I would like to analyse the workshop in particular, as the more informal and relaxed meeting of the second day proved to be a further key to understand not only the technologies used and explained, but, especially the path of the artist. Suguru started his workshop with a technical description of SuperPolm, a sort of controller violin which is mute, used for interface gathering the performer's gesture to guide sound generators (defined in MAX -MSP ). The "violin" shape, the resistances variable to the touch, light switches, pressure and position sensors are used for communicating the musical gesture.
With BodySuite, instead, the tool becomes "wearable", the gesture is no longer simply musical (you mustn't forget that Goto is a composer for formation and member of the academic school Irkam in Paris ).The score of sensors trace movements: the corners described by the performer's body. Suguru says it isn't enough to make of it a dance, even if a dancer could use it and pilot sounds and images.
The performer through this movement explores for himself and the spectator too a series of worlds and places. More than narrating facts or emotions, his attention is focused on making the perception of those places possible. The fact of not focusing on emotion is not turning towards the "not human", but it is a Zen approach through perception (at the end of ourselves). Image and sound are not in descriptive and rigid relation to gesture. Often relations are shifted in time, for instance through slow entanglements on sounds. The ambiguity of those worlds constitutes its charm.
Suguru Goto 's work isn't free form, chaotic, but it uses tension between the project structure and indeterminacy related to the player and the answer to synthesis algorithms. In SuperPolm is visible the gesture the performer uses to select scenes (to be meant even as a group of audio and video synthesis algorithms) in different modulations. The performer, in the case of BodySuite, doesn't know the code logics, but it explores and learns from experience.
Suguru isn't very interested in technical development. On the stage he brings with him what is strictly necessary: laptops, some control pedals, an old anagogic-digital interface IRCAM. There is much more in many not professional DJs 'bags. The tool is necessary as exploration tool of new perception ways. Perception means to be there and perceive through the senses, not only through hearing or sight, a reason more why Suguru isn't interested in recordings (in fact he doesn't issue CDs).
The passage to robotic music occurs through a paradoxical inversion: the gesture becomes controlled. Chances change. Suguru, the composer, is fascinated by the possibility to conceive and accomplish "inhuman" scores, difficult to be performed by musicians. A robot's ability to repeat the same gesture with the same intensity for hours and days, the possibility to follow particularly complex scores, even rhythmically, opens a further space to research.
Even human perception is influenced by it. The mechanical repetition is mechanical just in the generation, but then the listening changes with time. Zen influences evident in this passage, but even bio-electronic and neurological knowledge confirm this intuition (but even rave experience has this component in the mysticism of tr909 ).
In the recent works, instead, tension originates from confrontation. The body becomes "augmented body" or "virtual body" ; the performer is sometimes guided by the machine, even mechanically (as in some works by Marcel Lì Antunez ).The show is never narrative, but it moves through these energies, tensions, trying to understand where are, if there are, limits. At the end it is a problem of identity, of definition of the limit between human and not human.
To explore new spaces tools are needed (not just hw-sw): the second part of the day was devoted to an introduction to Max-Msp, Suguru's favourite development environment (and by many other experimenters). The idea at the base is that this development environment allows the creation of virtual instruments. Normal commercial audios sw (Logic, Cubase, Ableton Live) actually follow rigidly some paradigms, precise ways to conceive sound and music. Environments which persons like Suguru are undoubtedly not interested in.


This post was inevitable. Why? Because tourists in Ireland inevitably end up at Blarney Castle. Because it is part of the "Irish experience" to lean out over the void and kiss the Blarney Stone, thereby augmenting one's eloquence and sharing a (germ-y) tradition with the million and one people who came before.
So, today it was my turn to give the Blarney Stone a smooch. For €6.50, I got a round trip bus ticket from Cork to the town of Blarney, a tourist trap that comes across as a charming country village. The bus let us off at the woolen mills. I admit, I didn't look very hard for any actual mills, since Blarney Castle was my final destination, but I did have an opportunity to stroll through the woolen mill store. It was stocked with beautiful sweaters, hats, scarves, and more, all made from wool and/or alpaca and all well out of my price range. Having come to that fiscal conclusion, I headed down the street toward the grounds of Blarney Castle.
The area has been an historically desirable spot. First built upon in the tenth century, stone architecture was introduced to the site in the 1200s before Dermot McCarthy, King of Munster, oversaw the final construction of the castle in 1446. The name "McCarthy," far from having the cringe-worthy reputation it holds in the U.S., is a power name in Munster. Indeed, the McCarthys held the property prior to 1446, however, for Cormac McCarthy occupied it when he supplemented Robert the Bruce's army with four thousand men in 1314. Robert thanked Cormac by gifting him a portion of the famous stone, which was built into the castle wall. Subsequently, the family possessed the castle until the 1600's and even stood up to Queen Elizabeth I. The then-current McCarthy refused Her Majesty many times with flattery as she tried to gain control of the castle, forcing her to label his words "blarney." Hence, the name of the stone!
"Blarney" seems an accurate name indeed for the stone, which has many claims to fame: as the coronation seat of the first King of Scots; as Jacob's pillow, brought to Ireland by Jeremiah; as the stone that concealed David when he escaped the King of Saul; and as the stone Moses struck with his staff. Whether the Blarney Stone was once a royal rump roost, whether it has biblical origins, or whether it is, after all, just a stone, it is now a hot spot to visit.
making for a pretty decent hike for the ambitious tourist.
dungeon had lost none of its threat. A short and badly eroded flight of stairs led to a damp, dripping passageway that aimed for the bowels of the castle. I didn't go that far; what at the entrance was a corridor large enough to stand in became, within twenty feet, a crawlspace. Sans a headlamp, rappelling gear, and a wet suit, I decided that I had gone far enough and was content to scuttle back out into daylight, looking over my shoulder as I went to see what dungeon-monster might come clanking up behind. Similarly, the Badger Cave, purportedly a secret route that allowed the McCarthys to escape the wrath of Cromwell (and which, also purportedly, has access to tunnels leading to Cork, Kerry, and Limerick), made for a damp and claustrophobic adventure into the hillside. I didn't see any trans-Ireland tunnels, but I did meet with other tourists who were reluctant to tiptoe into the dark.
sorry for the servants who had to heave kegs of beer, cheeses, and haunches of beef up from the basement – where, it seems, all foodstuffs, including live cattle, were kept – to the main hall (one floor above) or to the kitchen (on the third floor, I think; I lost track). They must have strapped the supplies to their backs, since there was barely room for one person on these stairs!
My final thoughts of claustrophobia occurred in the "lady's room," a good representative of the bedchambers in the castle. In itself, it wasn't a bad spot for a bedroom, but the poor damsel had only a two-inch slit to peer out of whenever she wished to see daylight. I suppose the teeny gap kept the rain out, but I would have wanted a spyglass on hand to stick out and observe the goings-on below!
Yes, I'm kissing a stone. Why do you ask?
when I leaned back across the gap to kiss the Blarney Stone! One attendant kept a safety grip on all of us stone-kissing tourists while his buddy snapped photos. Once I'd had my turn, I headed on my way, down the stairs on the opposite side and out the exit toward the stable-yard.
There, I abandoned my plans for a healthy sandwich, instead indulging sinfully in a caramel, toffee, and chocolate biscuit cake, accompanied by an Irish coffee. Yum! Note: Do not follow my example of beverage choice unless you have already climbed to the top of Blarney Castle. You will not make it. End public service announcement.
She's a very rich witch, judging from the pile of coins on her head.
the Blarney House, which is unfortunately closed until spring. Instead of touring the house, I wandered through the "Irish Garden," complete with juniper, ferns, yew, honeysuckle, and foxglove. The path next led to the fern gardens and then to the poison gardens, growing, among other things, nightshade, wolfsbane, mandrake, tobacco, and hellebore. There was even a large cage for a nonexistent cannabis plant!
Since I haven't keeled over from poisonous fumes yet, I will wrap up this rambling and unseemly blog post – clear evidence, I think, that the stories around the Blarney Stone aren't just myth – by saying that my day at Blarney was a great way to finish the weekend. It was quite an adventure, and I recommend it to all and sundry who find themselves in County Cork. It's cheap to get in, and, after all, if you say you don't want to spend a day exploring a castle, I'll tell you that you're spouting a bunch of blarney!
P.S. My thanks to http://www.authenticireland.com/blarney+stone/ and http://www.blarneycastle.ie/pages/history for the nitty-gritty history.


Storage Drawers Mod 1.12.2/1.11.2 borrows ideas from Jabba and Bibliocraft, resulting in a highly functional, compact, and aesthetic storage solution that is meant to complement rather than replace those mods.
Storage devices in the mod use in-world interactions in order to add and remove items from their inventory. They do, however, have user interfaces which can be used to see the specific number of items stored in each drawer, and to modify the various upgrades the drawers can have.
Shift+Right-Click with empty hand: Open a UI to see exact item counts and manage applied upgrades. If the drawer is taped, removes tape instead.
Half-size 2×2: Stores 4 stacks per drawer.
Half-size 1×2: Stores 8 stacks per drawer.
Full-size 2×2: Stores 8 stacks per drawer.
Full-size 1×2: Stores 16 stacks per drawer.
Full-size 1×1: Stores 32 stacks per drawer.
Drawers are compatible with Jabba's dolly, letting you move around filled blocks without needing to empty their contents and break them.
All drawer blocks are compatible with Applied Energistics 2 storage buses, and this is the preferred way for seeing the exact contents of a drawer. A special consideration for compacting drawers: the full amount of blocks, ingots, and nuggets will be listed by the system, even though those amounts cannot exist simultaneously.
Every block and item can be individually disabled in the mod's configuration file. If you ever run into trouble with a specific block, like the controller, disabling the block will let Forge remove it from your world without needing to disable the entire mod and lose all your stored items.
The full configuration is available through Forge's mod config screens, accessible from the title screen.
This mod adds new storage solutions to your workshops that resembles a mix of Jabba Barrels and Bibliocraft Item Shelves over traditional storage containers. It's not a replacement for either though, so you should check those mods out too.
Make sure you have already installed Minecraft Forge and Chameleon Library.


Prof. Jovan Kurbalija is the Founding Director of DiploFoundation and the Head of the Geneva Internet Platform. A former diplomat, Prof. Kurbalija has a professional and academic background in international law, diplomacy, and information technology. He has been a pioneer in the field of cyber diplomacy since 1992 when he established the Unit for Information Technology and Diplomacy at the Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies in Malta.
Prof. Kurbalija was a member of the United Nations (UN) Working Group on Internet Governance (2004-2005), special advisor to the Chairman of the UN Internet Governance Forum (2006-2010) and a member of the High Level Multistakeholder Committee for NETmunidal (2013-2014).
Since 1997 Prof. Kurbalija's research and articles on cyber diplomacy have shaped research and policy discussion on the impact of the Internet on diplomacy and international relations. His book, An Introduction to Internet Governance, has been translated into 9 languages and is used as a textbook for academic courses worldwide. Prof. Kurbalija lectures on e-diplomacy and Internet governance in academic and training institutions in many countries, including Austria (Diplomatic Academy of Vienna), Belgium (College of Europe), Switzerland (University of St. Gallen), Malta (University of Malta) and the United States (University of Southern California).
You can consult his text at: Huffington Post and DiploFoundation.


To prevent abuse, accidental or otherwise, all our servers have a disk quota. This prevents the server from creating an excessive amount of large files on the server. All our plans have enough disk space to have an large Minecraft map on your server.
The server appears to be not saving files to disk - Players inventories are not being saved. Plugins that require configuration files to be saved are not doing so.
In most cases, the disk quota has been reached due to plugins creating a large number of files, or a few very large files.
You should first check which plugins you have installed, and how much data they are saving to disk. Connect via FTP to your server, and look at the filesize of the files on your server.
If you are using a logging plugin that supports an SQLite Database, such as CoreProtect 2, you should switch it to MySQL. This can be done in the config file for CoreProtect, your MySQL details can be found in the Multicraft control panel by going to Advanced -> MySQL Database. Once you're switched CoreProtect to use MySQL, you can delete the old database. Please note that the old data will not be imported. Other plugins may vary.
In older verions of Minecraft, the server.log file could easily get excessively large due to lots of repeating plugin errors. This file is safe to delete right away, and for many servers that are running or have ran 1.6.4 or earlier this will save a lot of disk space.
This is less of a problem in Minecraft 1.7, but you may wish to prune older logs in the /logs directory.
If you are using a backup plugin for Bukkit, check to see how many backups that it is making. It is not necessary to make more than one or two world save backups. Using a rollback plugin, such as CoreProtect 2 is a more space efficient method of undoing changes to the world. However, keeping one or two backups is acceptable per our terms of service at our discretion.
If you are on our Unlimited plan, so long as the majority of your disk usage is used by your world save, you can request a free upgrade by opening a support ticket.
If you are on the Starter, Basic or Pro plan, you can upgrade to the a higher plan with more disk space in the client area by going to Services > My Services > View Details > Management Actions > Upgrade/Downgrade, and selecting the new plan.


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I had a consultation on implants with Dr. Isaac Tawil. He took his time, was very thorough and explained all my options. The equipment in the office appears to be state of the art. The staff is very friendly and professional.
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For years I have been going to Tawil dentistry. Now I travel in from the Poconos for the thorough top quality dental care that they provide.
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Omar Hassan, Mehmet Cem Mocan, Aisha Traish; Evaluation of clinical factors related to amblyopia treatment that influence visual outcomes following cataract extraction in pediatric patients. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2018;59(9):4126.
Purpose : Visual rehabilitation is difficult in pediatric eyes following cataract extraction (CE) and factors that influence visual outcomes are not clearly determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of amblyopia treatment in pediatric eyes that underwent CE and identify any eye or treatment related factors that had impact on visual acuity.
Methods : Retrospective, observational study undertaken at a university clinic. Subjects who underwent CE for either congenital (CC) or acquired (AC) cataracts and who received amblyopia treatment in the form of either part-time occlusion or atropine penalization were included. For each patient, time lag between CE and initiation of amblyopia treatment, duration of and response to amblyopia treatment, final visual acuity in logMAR, and the need for secondary procedures to clear visual axis were determined. The response to amblyopia treatment was compared between patients who underwent CE for CC versus AC. Student's t-test was used in statistical comparisons.
Results : The mean age of patients at time of CE was similar between the CC (n=14) and the AC (n=11) groups (5.1±3.1 years vs. 4.7±2.2 years; p=0.727). The time lag between surgery and initiation of amblyopia therapy was 5.6±11.6 months in the CC group versus 3.2±1.5 months in the AC group (p=0.456). Compliance with treatment was similar in both groups (71.4% vs. 72.7%;p=0.946). The mean final visual acuity in the CC group was significantly lower (1.15±0.64) as opposed to that of the AC group (0.58±0.48) (p=0.040). The proportion of patients in each group that responded to amblyopia treatment was similar (63.6% vs. 62.5%; p=0.960). Additional procedures were required to clear the visual axis in 42.9% of patients in the CC group as compared to 72.7% in the AC group (p=0.136). Age at CE was the only identified clinical factor that correlated with the final visual acuity (r=-0.551; p=0.010). A need for secondary procedures also appeared to adversely affect visual outcomes (p=0.071).
Conclusions : Amblyopia treatment provides improvement in visual function in subjects with both congenital and acquired cataracts. The age at CE and nature of cataracts appear to be significant prognostic factors that impact eventual visual outcomes in this population.


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Go2Sleep
Posts posted by Go2Sleep
Squash Match Directory
in The PROFESSIONAL WRESTLING
Quebecers vs. Dan Dubiel and Scott Despres - WWF Superstars 8-21-1993
The finish to this match is quite literally a squash. The Quebecers had some nice offense. This should definitely be in the main post, along with that BPP vs. random cruisers match.
I fucking love this match! Hansen plays Ricky Morton for one night only.
The best part is after the match with Hansen stumbling around still trying to fight like he had just been kicked out of a bar.
RAW AUGUST 5TH 2013
in WWE PROGRAMMING
I'd really hate to see The Shield become the grunts for a larger stable. Even though they haven't been featured as prominently recently, they've still been pretty protected. They have what, 5 total losses in the last 10 months or so? If they team up with Orton and Vince, guess who gets to start being the guys faces always beat up while the stable leaders run away...
And what happened to Brad Maddox this week? I thought his gimmick where he was stuck between 3 different people telling him what to do was brilliant and he was pulling it off expertly. Now, it seems like they've just cut him out of the picture and are putting Vince and HHH front and center, which is lame.
The WWE Total Divas Thread
Oh, did anyone else catch that the Funkadactyls were wearing their new gear from this episode on Raw this week?
We've created a monster.... because nobody wants to see wrestling no more, they want divas, RAW's chopped liver.
It's the best thing since wrestling.
AUGUST WRESTLING DISCUSSION THREAD
Going back a couple pages, but I think non-finishes can still be a part of great matches if it fits the story as part of a larger feud.
All Japan had some quality time-limit draws with the big four when they were all evenly matched, but I think my favorite was from 1990 when Misawa and Kawada were teaming against Jumbo and Taue. Misawa and Kawada were on their way up the ladder, but Taue was a couple years from taking off, so the match was built around Jumbo bailing his ass out repeatedly and surviving a massive beating to the point where a draw felt like a good win for him.
ROH used to run time-limit draws to great effect, most notably the Punk/Joe series and during Danielson's title run.
The original NWO-forming match officially ended in a no contest.
In WWE, the ones that come to mind are the Rock/Foley LMS with the double chair shot KO, Edge/Matt street fight on Raw where Hardy did the kamikaze side-effect off the stage, and the Show/Lesnar ring explosion match. While Austin/Angle was a wonderful piece of storytelling and a top match for both guys, I don't count it because Angle was the clear winner by DQ. Perfectly unsatisfying as intended, but not quite in the scope of the question.
Wasn't Fandango basically doing Ziggler's heel gimmick the entire show?
Also, his dead pan "We're not doing it again" after the Eva tryout was pretty hilarious.
I really have no idea why they don't let Brock do his own promos. He's not as polished a speaker as Heyman, but he has this totally authentic vibe that is completely wasted by having the super-manufactured and gimmicked-up (though admittedly well-spoken) Heyman talk for him all the time. The way Lesnar always sounds like he's kinda joking around but really may snap and kill someone at any moment is some of the best subtle character work in WWE. Oh, and Brock just catching the chair that Punk swung at his face and throwing it off to the side was badass.
Also, The Shield really has no direction anymore. I thought they were supposed to be feuding with Henry. I would've liked Henry issuing a 6-man challenge for Summer Slam with mystery partners and using that to bring back Kofi and Show. Kofi could even take the fall and maybe set up a heel turn, because when changing tights is the most interesting thing you've done in 3+ years, you've got problems.
I'm guessing there's an angle planned for Eva Marie once the show ends because it seems like the whole thing is a vehicle to get her over. I think it's kind of funny how this show tries to portray the Bellas as the biggest divas going today, even though they haven't really done anything since they've been back. Kind of disappointed we haven't even gotten a cameo from Kaitlyn or AJ.
And as someone who doesn't watch a lot of reality tv, that hotel room proposal scene is what I imagine just about every reality show to look like.
I could've won so much money placing a bet on "casting against stereotype" appearing in your follow up post. Why do you assume someone like Kharma couldn't pull the gimmick off as you described (not that I'd want her to have to try)? Someone who could win fans over with her ability and really send the message that there's more to being a diva than looking like a model?
Of course you're kind of revealing your own prejudices by assuming Kharma can't be considered attractive.
That's why I said "looking like a model" instead of "being hot" or something like that.
the wrestlers kiss the ass of Vince and the bookers to get pushed, the divas sleep with them. There's a subtle difference between this and slut-shaming I think.
One that reveals even more troubling underlying assumptions. Not that it would be too much better, but why wouldn't a feminist character suggest that the male-dominated power structure encourages/forces divas to sleep with them by blackmailing them with tv time?
I was just thinking about how great a feminist character would be in the Divas division. She could do a "shoot" on how every diva is f'''king top guys to get 2 minutes of tv. She needs to be attractive...
Though unintentional I'm sure, this segment of your post reveals some critical flaws with your idea. "Needs to be attractive" is bad enough, but a "feminist" character whose primary motivation is slut-shaming? Uh...
Smackdown 8/2/2013
After a bad few months where they lost 3 (nearly 4) big matches in a row together, Punk saw that it wasn't working with him and Heyman anymore and wanted to amicably go separate ways. Heyman had Lesnar attack Punk and lied about it, then cost him MITB by busting him open with a ladder. Then he had Lesnar injure Punk again. Heyman handles breakups worse than AJ.
BEST and WORST matches you've seen live?
Worst match has to be the Nash/Goldberg/Steiner match from New Blood Rising.
This match needs to be seen on video in order to appreciate the sheer absurdity of Tony Schiavone talking about Nash and Steiner improvising a new finish. It's not good by any conventional measure, but it's so fucking weird you almost have to admire it on some level.
What is stopping former fans from watching WWE?
Did the brand split create any main eventers (not guys who may have had one title shot, but guys who became long-term fixtures at the top of the card) who wouldn't have been in that spot without the brand split?
Brock Lesnar and John Cena definitely benefitted from being able to rise to the top of card without running into the HHH/Evolution show that was in full force at the time. Eddie and Rey were getting a ton of tv time and drawing latino viewers in pretty significant numbers before Eddie's untimely death.
To a lesser extent, CM Punk and Jeff Hardy reaped the benefits of the soft split towards the end.
What if Sting had jumped to the WWF?
The best time for Sting to go to WWE would've been shortly after the invasion. He was a bit past his prime, but he still had enough in the tank for a solid run based mostly on nostalgia angles and dream matches. Best case scenario, he ends up with a run comparable to Michaels second run. Worst case scenario, Goldberg's WWE run.
WCW from Memorial Day 96 to Fall Brawl 96 was some of the absolute best-booked wrestling to ever get on tv. It was very heel-centric, but that was very fresh and novel idea at the time, in addition to being well executed. That is how you get some heels over. Like others have said, the problems didn't start until the writers decided to make the faces look like buffoons except for crow Sting. Sting being made to look like a buffoon at Starrcade was the nail in the coffin. And while the Nitro quality started to drop off by the end of 1996, the ppv quality was still top notch through 1997.
If you're gonna compare modern WWE to the attitude era, the biggest difference is no rotating main event quality guys. When Austin was there, he was on top, but the depth they had meant he never had to rush back from injuries. They could cycle Rock, HHH, Foley, and Taker between the main events and upper midcard programs from 99-02. Austin was more of rotational guy too after the invasion concluded. It kept everybody fresh and helped the midcarders on the rise (Angle, Jericho, Benoit) immensely because they didn't have to tread water waiting for their turn to fight "the man." There was always someone credible to feud with outside of the main event scene.
Randy nutted in Cape Town
There are several definitions of nutted.
Yeah, I thought this was gonna be a much different story.
Can't believe Orton no-sold the ball-shot like that, though. Have some professionalism, Randy.
WWE SummerSlam 2013.
I think, as Dave wrote months ago, this is designed for Cena to fiiinally have a classic (5 star) match.
That's gotta be BS. Not only has Cena already had several classic matches (including one each of the last 2 years), why would Vince care about that? When was the last time a "5* match" was a big part of someone's character in WWE? Bret or Shawn?
I really hope they find something good for Orton to do because I really don't wanna see a MITB cash-in here. The whole "Orton as a corporate champ" thing would be good in most situations, but Bryan is too hot right now to mess with. Plus Bryan has already beat Orton and it doesn't make sense to have Bryan go back and chase him. Now if they could find a way to get the MITB case into Lesnar's hands, then they could be onto something.
The most logical person for Orton to cash it in on would be Bryan. The whole "weak link" stuff seemed to be building towards someone out of Bryan/Kane/Orton winning MITB and cashing it in on another of the group. It doesn't have to be at Summerslam.
If the storyline is Orton needing the briefcase then ducking a rematch because he can't win a fair fight, then Bryan having previously beaten Orton just adds to that. (But they've actually traded wins between Payback and Money in the Bank.)
Oh, it makes plenty of sense, but it's just a step back for Bryan at this point. A corporate heel turn for Orton would require a fairly long run as champ to be effective, but there's way less value in Orton at the top and bringing Vince/HHH to the forefront instead of letting Bryan just do his thing. I like Orton more than most here, but this is just a bad situation for him. It's definitely in WWE's best interest right now to go full throttle with Bryan and see if he can draw. Orton is who he is at this point and his push can be postponed indefinitely without consequence.
As I much as I hate to suggest this, the best way out might be to have Orton cash in and HHH costs him the match as part of the ongoing power struggle with Vince. This should not happen at Summer Slam, btw.
The card looks like PPV-of-the-Decade material on paper, but I don't wanna get my hopes up that much. The top two matches are the most intriguing ones WWE has run in a long time, then you've got ADR/Christian and probably a Shield 6-man which would both have MOTN potential on most shows. Cody/Sandow and Ziggler/Langston should both be solid and Kaitlyn and AJ have had surprisingly decent matches at the last 2 ppvs and I don't see anything else getting the potential diva spot here. Kane/Wyatt is the only match that looks subpar, but even that has a good story with a hot new faction and lot of potential creative directions to go.
Punk's initial "pipebomb" promo and leaving with the title were the only things I've seen that got former/non fans talking about wrestling since Brock Lesnar's first run. Well... And Benoit too, but obviously I mean for the right reasons.
I can't remember who on here said it, and it applies to most promotions (at least the ones I see with TV), and it perfectly illustrated the biggest problem with ProWres today.It was something along the lines of "wrestling shows aren't wrestling shows anymore, but shows about people who put on wrestling shows".
When I read over this, I thought it sounded pretty apt, but then I watched Raw this week and it was built around 4 people talking about whether or not the most universally liked wrestler in the company was good for business and how they should market him... It's not too often I'm just watching show and think "God damn, that DVDVR post I read a couple days ago was spot fucking on," but here we are.
RAW spoilers, 29th July 2013.
I'm digging savvy veteran Christian. He could have a good feud with Del Rio.
Daniel Bryan's corporate makeover could be hilarious. Or it could be a disaster, but I'm trying to be optimistic. Bryan and HHH are funny guys, it depends how much Vince hams it up and what Steph does during the segment.
Best: Ric Flair vs. Mick Foley I Quit (Summer Slam 06)
Worst: James Storm vs. Chris Harris blindfold/cage (Lockdown 07) or "Rosie" vs. "Donald" on Raw (1/8/07 I think)
As for Natalya she was the only one consistently likeable and seemed sympathetic.
I thought she came across as bitter and whiny. I mean, she does have some good reasons to be bitter, but it doesn't seem like a good idea to make her the main character if that's the case. Trinity/Naomi came across as the real winner to me. The Bellas seemed nice and cool when they were at home, but they really looked like they were living the gimmick on the road. I'm sure there are plenty of people who think that's a good thing, though. Bryan and Brie were really cute together, but that whole Cena thing looks like it could end real bad for Nikki. Agreed that Ariane/Cameron seemed crazy, and that dude she's with seemed like a real loser. I kinda wanted Brodus to beat him up. Jojo didn't get much time this week, but Eva did stand out. Had she not been on Raw with her flaming red hair last week, I would've guessed she'd be fired for not going blonde. It did give some pretty good insight as to why character development for new talent is often shite, though.
"We think you need to be blonde."
*Does something completely different*
"That's... actually a lot better... But don't do that shit again!"
Alright show. It's pretty much your standard over-produced "reality" tv affair, but with characters I'm already somewhat interested in and cameos from characters I'm very interested in. I'm sure I'll stick it out to the bitter end.
SEAMLESS SKIN
STRONG CLIMB SKIN
NISE BLACK BLUE
DarkVelvet
Navy Nights
VaporRun
70's Autumn

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


2011: Real Madrid defeats Barcelona 1-0, thereby capturing the Copa del Rey—or King's Cup—trophy for the first time in 18 years. During the subsequent victory parade, defender Sergio Ramos drops the 78-centimeter-tall trophy under the wheels of the open-top bus carrying the team through the Spanish capital.
2008: Rev. Adelir Antonio De Carli, 41, floats away from the port city of Paranagua, Brazil, buoyed by hundreds of green, red, white and yellow helium party balloons. Wearing a helmet, thermal suit and parachute and equipped with a GPS device and satellite phone, the Roman Catholic priest aims to break a 19-hour record for the most hours flying with balloons. He is reported missing eight hours later after losing contact with port officials. Two-and-a-half months later his body is discovered off the coast of Rio de Janeiro.
1999: Thirteen people are killed at Columbine High School in Littleton, Colorado, when two teenaged students open fire with shotguns. The violence ends when the perpetrators, Dylan Klebold and Eric Harris, commit suicide.


text:
Un fenomen lunar transitori (de l'anglès transient lunar phenomenon TLP o lunar transient phenomenon o LTP) es tracta de resplendors i enfosquiments locals de la superfície del nostre satèl·lit, produïts per petites pertorbacions i terratrèmols lunars que alliberen gasos de l'interior de la Lluna. Des de gairebé l'inici de la selenografía s'ha observat sobre la regolita la presència de fenòmens lluminosos, uns brillants i altres foscos, incomprensibles i de difícil explicació.

El terme va ser creat per Patrick Moore en la seva coautoria de la NASA Technical Report R-277 Chronological Catalog of Reported Lunar Events, publicat el 1968.

Història
El 1687 es va anunciar la visió d'un punt molt brillant entre les banyes lunars, una visió que ben va poder ser errònia donada la qualitat dels instruments de llavors. El que ja no és tan segur és que el cèlebre astrònom William Herschel s'equivoqués en anunciar que durant un eclipsi lunar en 1783 veiés sobre la Lluna llueixes estranyes i brillants, fenomen que es va repetir en 1787 amb la visió de "punts brillants" o el 1821 llums que va albirar en tres ocasions.

L'astrònom espanyol Antonio de Ulloa (qui va col·laborar en el mesurament de les dimensions de la Terra en una expedició internacional a Perú) va observar el 1778, durant el l'eclipsi lunar ocorregut el 24 de juny, un punt brillant sobre la superfície lunar a manera de "forat" que deixava passar la llum solar; una llum similar encara que vermellosa seria observada durant gairebé cinc mesos l'any 1789.

El 1788 l'astrònom planetari alemany Johan Schröter havia informat de la presència d'una llum molt brillant entre els pics dels Mons Alps, no lluny de Plato.

El mateix astrònom real britànic Nevil Maskelyne va comunicar l'observació d'un altre albirament telescòpic sobre la superfície lunar.

El cràter Plató, fosc d'aparent fons pla, és un ric focus d'activitat TLP: des de Schröter en 1788 es ve esmentant l'aparició de llums o lluentors en el seu fons, no faltant observadors que veiessin en el seu fons grups des de 4 fins a 28 llums diferents, les quals augmentaven i disminuïen de lluentor alternativament amb el temps. En 1877 s'albiraria un estrany triangle lluminós en el mateix fons i H. P. Wilkins anunciaria a l'agost de 1944 la presència d'un punt rodó en el cràter. El mateix Wilkins aportaria una altra observació d'una resplendor sorprenent a la zona del cràter Aristarc, un altre sector també bastant "calent" en aquest tipus de fenòmens.
Una altra observació fiable prové de l'astrònom francès Trouvelot, de l'observatori de Meudon, qui va albirar al febrer de 1877 una llum en el cràter Eudoxo, una zona bastant coneguda per aquest tipus d'activitat; al març s'albiraria una altra llum a la zona del cràter Proclus i al juny s'albiraria una altra estranya llum.

Al setembre de 1953 Rudolph Lippert va anunciar la visió d'una llum que va brillar amb un intens color groc ataronjat, que ell va atribuir a un impacte meteòric sobre la superfície lunar.

Estudis moderns
El primer registre fiable d'un TLP seria el que va efectuar l'astrònom soviètic Nikolai Kozyrev, de l'Observatori de Crimea, el 4 de novembre de 1958, qui va obtenir l'espectre d'un núvol vermellós emès pel bec central del cràter Alphonsus. Dels estudis posteriors basats en l'anàlisi de les emissions de carboni diatòmic es va arribar a la conclusió que la composició d'aquest núvol era similar al gas que genera el cap dels cometes.
Una altra observació documentada (confirmada per diversos observadors) és la que va registrar l'Observatori Lowell a l'abril de 1966 quan un astrònom va seguir la lluentor d'una intensa llum vermellosa en el cràter Gassendi.

Amb l'inici de les missions Apollo a la Lluna va començar una campanya d'observacions de TLP el 1969, coordinades pel Center for Short Live Phenomena (Centre per a Fenòmens de Curta Vida), fenòmens que haurien de ser comunicats als astronautes per a la seva posterior confirmació. A Espanya l'Agrupació Astronòmica de Sabadell va observar un en el fons del cràter Aristarc (maig de 1969); durant una segona campanya tant José Mª Oliver (19 de juliol en Aristarc) com José Mª Gómez (9 d'agost a Herodot) van arribar a albirar aquest tipus de fenòmens. No va acabar l'any sense que s'efectuessin nous albiraments: així amb motiu del llançament de l'Apollo 12 es van albirar llums sobre Aristarc per dos observadors, confirmant l'u l'albirament de l'altre. Els resultats positius d'aquests tres programes van permetre confirmar definitivament l'existència dels TLP com a fenòmens físics i no miratges.
En els últims anys Tófol Tobal al novembre de 1982 va observar un TLP que va durar 45 minuts en el pic d'Alphonsus.

Explicació i fenomenologia
L'origen d'aquest tipus de fenòmens no és del tot clar; no ha de descartar-se l'activitat volcànica, que si bé és molt reduïda i en regions concretes (Alphonsus o Aristarc) han de quedar focus residuals de vulcanisme: això ho avalen els núvols de gas i les resplendors.

Tampoc poden excloure's els fenòmens de fluorescència que s'originen pel bombardeig de partícules energètiques provinents del sol en èpoques de màxima activitat (fulguracions solars), bombardeig que podria fer brillar certs materials lunars per fluorescència induïda i que només seria percebut com a resplendors a la zona fosca de la Lluna.

En explicades ocasions és possible que algunes restes (fragments cometaris gelats o petits bòlids d'alguna pluja periòdica) s'estavellin sobre la rugosa superfície lunar, originant resplendors brillants de molt curta durada capaces d'aixecar un núvol de pols brillant (podem esmentar l'impacte produït el 13 de maig de 1972 prop de la zona d'allunatge de l'Apollo 14, que va alliberar la mateixa energia que 1.000 tones de TNT i que va ser confirmat per personal del Smithsonian Institute): nombroses vegades cada any el nostre planeta creua eixams meteòrics com les Perseides, Leònids, Tàurids... molts dels quals incideixen sobre la Terra cremant-se com estels fugaços en l'atmosfera; en caure sobre la Lluna aquestes partícules arribarien intactes al sòl impactant a gran velocitat (com a mínim 2,3 km/s) transformant tota l'energia cinètica en calor.

Altres possibles causes de l'aparició sobtada d'aquests fenòmens poden ser els tremolors de l'escorça lunar produïts per l'atracció de la Terra sobre la Lluna. Aquesta enorme tensió, ja manifestada en les enormes falles del centre de la cara visible, origina forts moviments del sòl que pot causar esquerdes per les quals s'escapin gasos que fins llavors romanien atrapats sota la superfície del nostre satèl·lit.

També els fenòmens produïts per les diferències de temperatura que pot arribar a ser de més de 200 graus centígrads en el transcurs d'un curt espai de temps, sobretot en el període d'orto i ocàs del Sol ajudaria a fragmentar els materials petris, podent originar fuites de gasos similars als produïts per moviments sísmics.

Referències

Enllaços externs
 Lunar Transient Phenomena  NASA feature story
 Lunar transient phenomena  Association of Lunar & Planetary Observers
 NASA - Lunar Impact Monitoring Program

Fenòmens astronòmics
Lluna

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
#include <common.h>
#include <asm/arch/cpu.h>
#include <asm/arch/armada100.h>

/*
 * Timer registers
 * Refer Section A.6 in Datasheet
 */
struct armd1tmr_registers {
	u32 clk_ctrl;	/* Timer clk control reg */
	u32 match[9];	/* Timer match registers */
	u32 count[3];	/* Timer count registers */
	u32 status[3];
	u32 ie[3];
	u32 preload[3];	/* Timer preload value */
	u32 preload_ctrl[3];
	u32 wdt_match_en;
	u32 wdt_match_r;
	u32 wdt_val;
	u32 wdt_sts;
	u32 icr[3];
	u32 wdt_icr;
	u32 cer;	/* Timer count enable reg */
	u32 cmr;
	u32 ilr[3];
	u32 wcr;
	u32 wfar;
	u32 wsar;
	u32 cvwr;
};

#define TIMER			0	/* Use TIMER 0 */
/* Each timer has 3 match registers */
#define MATCH_CMP(x)		((3 * TIMER) + x)
#define TIMER_LOAD_VAL 		0xffffffff
#define	COUNT_RD_REQ		0x1

DECLARE_GLOBAL_DATA_PTR;
/* Using gd->arch.tbu from timestamp and gd->arch.tbl for lastdec */

/* For preventing risk of instability in reading counter value,
 * first set read request to register cvwr and then read same
 * register after it captures counter value.
 */
ulong read_timer(void)
{
	struct armd1tmr_registers *armd1timers =
		(struct armd1tmr_registers *) ARMD1_TIMER_BASE;
	volatile int loop=100;

	writel(COUNT_RD_REQ, &armd1timers->cvwr);
	while (loop--);
	return(readl(&armd1timers->cvwr));
}

ulong get_timer_masked(void)
{
	ulong now = read_timer();

	if (now >= gd->arch.tbl) {
		/* normal mode */
		gd->arch.tbu += now - gd->arch.tbl;
	} else {
		/* we have an overflow ... */
		gd->arch.tbu += now + TIMER_LOAD_VAL - gd->arch.tbl;
	}
	gd->arch.tbl = now;

	return gd->arch.tbu;
}

ulong get_timer(ulong base)
{
	return ((get_timer_masked() / (CONFIG_SYS_HZ_CLOCK / 1000)) -
		base);
}

void __udelay(unsigned long usec)
{
	ulong delayticks;
	ulong endtime;

	delayticks = (usec * (CONFIG_SYS_HZ_CLOCK / 1000000));
	endtime = get_timer_masked() + delayticks;

	while (get_timer_masked() < endtime);
}

/*
 * init the Timer
 */
int timer_init(void)
{
	struct armd1apb1_registers *apb1clkres =
		(struct armd1apb1_registers *) ARMD1_APBC1_BASE;
	struct armd1tmr_registers *armd1timers =
		(struct armd1tmr_registers *) ARMD1_TIMER_BASE;

	/* Enable Timer clock at 3.25 MHZ */
	writel(APBC_APBCLK | APBC_FNCLK | APBC_FNCLKSEL(3), &apb1clkres->timers);

	/* load value into timer */
	writel(0x0, &armd1timers->clk_ctrl);
	/* Use Timer 0 Match Resiger 0 */
	writel(TIMER_LOAD_VAL, &armd1timers->match[MATCH_CMP(0)]);
	/* Preload value is 0 */
	writel(0x0, &armd1timers->preload[TIMER]);
	/* Enable match comparator 0 for Timer 0 */
	writel(0x1, &armd1timers->preload_ctrl[TIMER]);

	/* Enable timer 0 */
	writel(0x1, &armd1timers->cer);
	/* init the gd->arch.tbu and gd->arch.tbl value */
	gd->arch.tbl = read_timer();
	gd->arch.tbu = 0;

	return 0;
}

#define MPMU_APRR_WDTR	(1<<4)
#define TMR_WFAR	0xbaba	/* WDT Register First key */
#define TMP_WSAR	0xeb10	/* WDT Register Second key */

/*
 * This function uses internal Watchdog Timer
 * based reset mechanism.
 * Steps to write watchdog registers (protected access)
 * 1. Write key value to TMR_WFAR reg.
 * 2. Write key value to TMP_WSAR reg.
 * 3. Perform write operation.
 */
void reset_cpu (unsigned long ignored)
{
	struct armd1mpmu_registers *mpmu =
		(struct armd1mpmu_registers *) ARMD1_MPMU_BASE;
	struct armd1tmr_registers *armd1timers =
		(struct armd1tmr_registers *) ARMD1_TIMER_BASE;
	u32 val;

	/* negate hardware reset to the WDT after system reset */
	val = readl(&mpmu->aprr);
	val = val | MPMU_APRR_WDTR;
	writel(val, &mpmu->aprr);

	/* reset/enable WDT clock */
	writel(APBC_APBCLK | APBC_FNCLK | APBC_RST, &mpmu->wdtpcr);
	readl(&mpmu->wdtpcr);
	writel(APBC_APBCLK | APBC_FNCLK, &mpmu->wdtpcr);
	readl(&mpmu->wdtpcr);

	/* clear previous WDT status */
	writel(TMR_WFAR, &armd1timers->wfar);
	writel(TMP_WSAR, &armd1timers->wsar);
	writel(0, &armd1timers->wdt_sts);

	/* set match counter */
	writel(TMR_WFAR, &armd1timers->wfar);
	writel(TMP_WSAR, &armd1timers->wsar);
	writel(0xf, &armd1timers->wdt_match_r);

	/* enable WDT reset */
	writel(TMR_WFAR, &armd1timers->wfar);
	writel(TMP_WSAR, &armd1timers->wsar);
	writel(0x3, &armd1timers->wdt_match_en);

	while(1);
}

/*
 * This function is derived from PowerPC code (read timebase as long long).
 * On ARM it just returns the timer value.
 */
unsigned long long get_ticks(void)
{
	return get_timer(0);
}

/*
 * This function is derived from PowerPC code (timebase clock frequency).
 * On ARM it returns the number of timer ticks per second.
 */
ulong get_tbclk (void)
{
	return (ulong)CONFIG_SYS_HZ;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Весе́ле — село в Україні, у Менській міській громаді Корюківського району Чернігівської області. Населення становить 39 осіб. До 2016 року орган місцевого самоврядування — Данилівська сільська рада.

Історія
Село засноване у 1961 році.

12 червня 2020 року, відповідно до розпорядження Кабінету Міністрів України № 730-р «Про визначення адміністративних центрів та затвердження територій територіальних громад Чернігівської області», село увійшло до складу Менської міської громади.

17 липня 2020 року, в результаті адміністративно-територіальної реформи та ліквідації Менського району, село увійшло до складу Корюківського району.

Примітки

Посилання
 Погода в селі Веселе

Села Чернігівської області
Населені пункти Корюківського району


The Office of Worship assists the diocesan bishop in carrying out his function as promoter and guardian of the liturgical life of this diocese. This office assists the people of the Diocese of Saint Cloud in liturgical formation by deepening their understanding of the liturgy and helping them to implement the vision of the Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy. The Office of Worship provides leadership and direction for the development of liturgical celebrations, prayer, music, art and environment.


Garofoli is a world leader in the design, construction and sale of doors, with particular emphasis on solid wood doors. The Company, led by founder Fernando Garofoli and his sons, operates within the top segment of the market; its products are an excellent representation of the "Made in Italy" movement throughout the world.
In addition to the wide selection of doors, with a gamma of models and solutions that range from the classic solid wood door to designer doors in aluminium with stainless steel finish, Garofoli also produces a myriad of coordinated products that guarantee unlimited decorating possibilities. In fact, their doors can be coordinated with parquet flooring, boiserie panels, walk-in closets and baseboards that offer versatility and flexibility in mixing and matching to meet the needs of even the most demanding interior designers.
Garofoli has always aimed at quality, promoting the sustainable development of its business activities and pursuing a strong environmental policy. A philosophy which has resulted in tha attainment of important goals.
Passion and attention to detail take life from the "heart of wood" that marks a door made of real solid wood. The signature of founder, Fernando Garofoli, is tangible evidence of the company's personal guarantee of quality, transforming the door from a simple industrial product into a masterpiece.


Objective(s):Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive pathogen, well known for its resistance andversatile lifestyle. Under unfavourable conditions, it adapts biofilm mode of growth. For staphylococcal biofilm formation, production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) is a pre-requisite, which is regulated by ica operon-encoded enzymes. This study was designed to know the impact of ascorbic acid on biofilm formation and colony spreading processes of S. aureus and MRSA.
Materials and Methods: The isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) used in present study, were recovered from different food samples. Various selective and differential media were used for identification and confirmation of S. aureus. Agar dilution method was used for determination of oxacillin and ascorbic acid resistance level. MRSA isolates were re-confirmed by E-test and by amplification of mecA gene. Tube methods and Congo-Red agar were used to study biofilm formation processes. Gene expression studies were carried on real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
Results: The results revealed the presence of mecA gene belonging to SCCmecA type IV along with agr type II in the isolates. In vitro studies showed the sub-inhibitory concentration of oxacillin induced biofilm production. However, addition of sub-inhibitory dose of ascorbic acid was found to inhibit EPS production, biofilm formation and augment colony spreading on soft agar plates. The inhibition of biofilm formation and augmentation of colony spreading observed with ascorbic acid alone or in combination with oxacillin. Moreover, gene expression studies showed that ascorbic acid increases agr expression and decreases icaA gene expression.
Conclusion:The present study concluded thatascorbic acid inhibits biofilm formation, promotes colony spreading and increases agr gene expression in MRSA.
1. Waters AE, Contente-Cuomo T, Buchhagen J, Liu CM, Watson L, Pearce K, Foster JT, Bowers J, Driebel EM, Engelthaler DM, Keim PS, Price LB. Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in US meat and poultry. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52: 1227–1230.
2. Le Loir Y, Baron FandGautier M. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genet Mol Res 2003;2: 63–76.
3. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46: (Suppl 5) S350-359.
4. Chin J. Control of communicable diseases manual. 17th ed. Baltimore: United Book Press, Inc. 2000.
5. Hudson MC, Ramp WK, Frankenburg KP. Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to bone matrix and bone-associated biomaterials. FEMS Microbiol Lett 1999; 173:279–284.
6. Donlan RM, Costerton JW. Biofilms: survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin Microbiol Rev 2002; 15: 167-193.
7. Russell AD. Mechanisms of bacterial resistance to non-antibiotics: food additives and food and pharmaceutical preservatives.J Appl Bacteriol 1990; 71:191–201.
8. Tajkarimi M and Ibrahim SA. Antimicrobial activity of ascorbic acid alone or in combination with lactic acid on Escherichia coli O157: H7 in laboratory medium and carrot juice. Food Control 2011; 22: 801-804.
9. Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk and dilution susceptibility tests for bacteria isolated from animals—Fourth Edition: Approved Standard VET01-A4. CLSI, Wayne, PA, USA, 2013.
10. Cursino L, Chartones ES, Nascimento AM. Synergic interaction between ascorbic acid and antibiotics against Pseudomonas areuginosa. Braz Arch Biol Technol 2005; 4: 31-38.
11. Arciola CR, Baldassarri L, Montanaro L. Presence of icaA and icaD Genes and slime production in a collection of Staphylococcal strains from catheter associated infections. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2151-2156.
12. Zhao Y, Caspers MP, Metselaar KI, de Boer P, Roeselers G, Moezelaar R, et al. Abiotic and microbiotic factors controlling biofilm formation by thermophilic spore formers. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79(18):5652–60.
13. O'Toole GA, Kolter R. The initiation of biofilm formation in Pseudomonas fluorescence WCS365 proceeds via multiple, convergent signalling pathways: a genetic analysis. Mol Microbiol1998; 28: 449-461.
14. Mirani ZA, Aziz M, Khan SI. Small colony variants have a major role in stability and persistence of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. J Antibiot 2015; 68:98-105.
15. Kaito C, Sekimizu K. Colony spreading in Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 2007; 189: 2553–2557.
16. Ortega E, Abriouel H, Lucas R & Galvez A. Multiple roles of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins: pathogenicity, superantigenic activity, and correlation to antibiotic resistance. Toxins2010; 2: 2117-2131.
17. Otto M. Staphylococcal biofilms. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2008; 322: 207–228.
18. Mirani, Z.A., Aziz, M., Khan, M.N., Lal, I., Hassan, N.U., and Khan, S.I. Biofilm formation and dispersal of Staphylococcus aureus under the influence of oxacillin. Microb Pathog 2013; 61–62C: 66–72.
19. Tsompanidou E, Sibbald MJ, Chlebowicz MA, Dreisbach A, Back JW, et al. Requirement of the agr locus for colony spreading of Staphylococcus aureus. J Bacteriol 2011; 193: 1267–1272.
20.Boles BR, Horswill AR. Staphylococcal biofilm disassembly. Trends Microbiol 2011; 19: 449–455.


Teaching medical students about alcoholism is a little like starting an exercise routine: It's something that should be done, but until it catches on, there may not be much support for it. For about the past decade, however, medical schools have been catching on, and many now offer clerkships, electives, and research awards in alcoholism and alcohol abuse.
At least one program, operating out of Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, is continuing to support this trend. Established in 1977 with a grant from the Operation Cork program of the Joan B. Kroc Foundation, Project Cork (which is Kroc spelled backwards) set out to integrate alcoholism education into the Dartmouth curriculum (JAMA [MEDICAL NEWS] 1982;248:1686-1688).


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Tag: families
Canada Economy English Family Living Featured News Updates
Canada: the economy grows but families do not spend
TORONTO – Unbelievable but true: Canada saw stronger-than-expected economic growth in the third quarter, though economists warn the numbers don't paint such a positive picture. But let's go in order. (more…)
Families can't take it any more: debts also for grocery
TORONTO – More than half of Canadians can't keep up with the cost of living and gets into debt to meet ordinary expenses: rent, food, gasoline. An alarming situation, to say the least, photographed by the Angus Reid Institute through a research conducted online from 8 to 10 August 2022 on a sample of 2,279 Canadian adults. (more…)
Bank of Canada brings Canadian families to their knees
by Marzio Pelù July 14, 2022
TORONTO – The Bank of Canada's one percent interest rate hike on Wednesday took many by surprise (the institute had predicted a lower increase) and is likely to have a major financial impact for many Canadians. Also an economist, finally, says it. "It will have an immediate and rather dramatic effect on loan costs for many people," Stephen Brown, a senior Canadian economist at Capital Economics, told CTV's "Your Morning" today, stating what everyone knows but few say openly: Canadian central bank interest rate hike raises mortgage and loan repayments: it's so obvious. (more…)
Education Matters English
TDSB: virtual learning or in presence, families to choose by mid-August
by Mariella Policheni May 20, 2021
Following the Ontario government's decision to allow families to choose for the 2021-2022 school year between face-to-face learning and distance learning, the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) has informed parents that the decision will not need to be made until mid-August. (more…)


A visionary who could be described as having sparked the autonomous vehicle revolution, Chris Urmson, has left his position as chief technology officer of Google's self-driving car project.
Urmson announced his departure in a blog post at the end of last week, leaving the company and project at a crucial point in its history, as Google tries to transition its driverless-car technology into a commercial product. Urmson directed the Google project until last year, when the former CEO of Hyundai USA and auto industry veteran, John Krafcik, took over as chief executive as part of an effort to commercialize the technology. Another co-founder of Google's self-driving car project, Anthony Levandowski, left earlier this year to form Otto, which is developing self-driving trucks, and the New York Times has reported that two other top Google engineers, Dave Ferguson and Jiajun Zhu, were leaving the project to start a new company.
Urmson, who is from Canada, earned his PhD at Carnegie Mellon University, where he had been working on slow-moving robots that could explore Mars on their own. In 2005, he became the technical leader of the university's three entries in the US Defense Department's DARPA Grand Challenge contest to have cars drive autonomously across the desert and then in a city environment. That event was won by a Stanford University team led by Sebastian Thrun, a previous professor at Carnegie Mellon. Urmson's Carnegie Mellon team won the 2007 DARPA Urban Challenge and, two years later, he joined Google, recruited by his previous rival, Thrun. Urmson took over at Project X two years ago, when Thrun departed Google.
Urmson has always been a strong advocate of releasing only fully-automated driverless-car technology rather than the semi-automated systems that enable passengers to take control of the car, as he has said that it is unsafe to enable people to take control of a vehicle after minutes of inactivity. Urmson has said his goal is to remove people from the driving process altogether, an approach that is more difficult to bring to market, due to the reluctance of regulators and the public to cede complete control to the technology.