text:
Erytheia
Erytheia (Ancient Greek: Ἐρυθεία) ("the red one"), part of Greek mythology, is one of the three Hesperides. The name was applied to the island close to the coast of southern Hispania, that was the site of the original Punic colony of Gadeira.[1] Pliny's Natural History (4.36) records of the island of Gades: "On the side which looks towards Spain, at about 100 paces distance, is another long island, three miles wide, on which the original city of Gades stood. By Ephorus and Philistides it is called Erythia, by Timæus and Silenus Aphrodisias, and by the natives the Isle of Juno." The island was the seat of Geryon, who was overcome by Heracles.[2]
^ Padilla Monge, Aurelio (7 June 2014). "Los inicios de la presencia fenicia en Cádiz". Gerión (in Spanish). Universidad Complutense de Madrid. 32: 22–23. doi:10.5209/rev_GERI.2014.v32.46664. ISSN 0213-0181. Retrieved 4 October 2018.
^ Hesiod. Theogony. 290.
This article relating to Greek mythology is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Erytheia&oldid=885786973"
Greek mythology stubs
Hesiod was a Greek poet thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is regarded as the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to play in his subject. Ancient authors credited Homer with establishing Greek religious customs. Modern scholars refer to him as a major source on Greek mythology, farming techniques, early economic thought, archaic Greek astronomy and ancient time-keeping; the dating of Hesiod's life is a contested issue in scholarly circles. Epic narrative allowed poets like Homer no opportunity for personal revelations. However, Hesiod's extant work comprises several didactic poems in which he went out of his way to let his audience in on a few details of his life. There are three explicit references in Works and Days, as well as some passages in his Theogony that support inferences made by scholars; the former poem says that his father came from Cyme in Aeolis and crossed the sea to settle at a hamlet, near Thespiae in Boeotia, named Ascra, "a cursed place, cruel in winter, hard in summer, never pleasant".
Hesiod's patrimony there, a small piece of ground at the foot of Mount Helicon, occasioned lawsuits with his brother Perses, who seems, at first, to have cheated him of his rightful share thanks to corrupt authorities or "kings" but became impoverished and ended up scrounging from the thrifty poet. Unlike his father, Hesiod was averse to sea travel, but he once crossed the narrow strait between the Greek mainland and Euboea to participate in funeral celebrations for one Athamas of Chalcis, there won a tripod in a singing competition, he describes a meeting between himself and the Muses on Mount Helicon, where he had been pasturing sheep when the goddesses presented him with a laurel staff, a symbol of poetic authority. Fanciful though the story might seem, the account has led ancient and modern scholars to infer that he was not a professionally trained rhapsode, or he would have been presented with a lyre instead; some scholars have seen Perses as a literary creation, a foil for the moralizing that Hesiod develops in Works and Days, but there are arguments against that theory.
For example, it is quite common for works of moral instruction to have an imaginative setting, as a means of getting the audience's attention, but it could be difficult to see how Hesiod could have travelled around the countryside entertaining people with a narrative about himself if the account was known to be fictitious. Gregory Nagy, on the other hand, sees both Pérsēs and Hēsíodos as fictitious names for poetical personae, it might seem unusual that Hesiod's father migrated from Asia Minor westwards to mainland Greece, the opposite direction to most colonial movements at the time, Hesiod himself gives no explanation for it. However around 750 BC or a little there was a migration of seagoing merchants from his original home in Cyme in Asia Minor to Cumae in Campania, his move west had something to do with that, since Euboea is not far from Boeotia, where he established himself and his family; the family association with Aeolian Cyme might explain his familiarity with eastern myths, evident in his poems, though the Greek world might have developed its own versions of them.
In spite of Hesiod's complaints about poverty, life on his father's farm could not have been too uncomfortable if Works and Days is anything to judge by, since he describes the routines of prosperous yeomanry rather than peasants. His farmer employs a friend as well as servants, an energetic and responsible ploughman of mature years, a slave boy to cover the seed, a female servant to keep house and working teams of oxen and mules. One modern scholar surmises that Hesiod may have learned about world geography the catalogue of rivers in Theogony, listening to his father's accounts of his own sea voyages as a merchant; the father spoke in the Aeolian dialect of Cyme but Hesiod grew up speaking the local Boeotian, belonging to the same dialect group. However, while his poetry features some Aeolisms there are no words that are Boeotian, his basic language was the main literary dialect of Homer's Ionian. It is probable that Hesiod wrote his poems down, or dictated them, rather than passed them on orally, as rhapsodes did—otherwise the pronounced personality that now emerges from the poems would have been diluted through oral transmission from one rhapsode to another.
Pausanias asserted that Boeotians showed him an old tablet made of lead on which the Works were engraved. If he did write or dictate, it was as an aid to memory or because he lacked confidence in his ability to produce poems extempore, as trained rhapsodes could do, it wasn't in a quest for immortal fame since poets in his era had no such notions for themselves. However, some scholars suspect the presence of large-scale changes in the text and attribute this to oral transmission, he composed his verses during idle times on the farm, in the spring before the May harvest or the dead of winter. The personality behind the poems is unsuited to the kind of "aristocratic withdrawal" typical of a rhapsode but is instead "argumentative, suspicious humorous, fond of proverbs, wary of women." He was in fact a misogynist of t
In Greek mythology, the Hesperides are the nymphs of evening and golden light of sunsets, who were the "Daughters of the Evening" or "Nymphs of the West". They were called the Atlantides from their reputed father, the Titan Atlas; the name means originating from Hesperos. Hesperos, or Vesper in Latin, is the origin of the name Hesperus, the evening star as well as having a shared root with the English word "west". Ordinarily the Hesperides number three, like the other Greek triads. "Since the Hesperides themselves are mere symbols of the gifts the apples embody, they cannot be actors in a human drama. Their abstract, interchangeable names are a symptom of their impersonality," Evelyn Harrison has observed, they are sometimes portrayed as the evening daughters of Night either alone, or with Darkness, in accord with the way Eos in the farthermost east, in Colchis, is the daughter of the titan Hyperion. The Hesperides are listed as the daughters of Atlas and Hesperis, or of Phorcys and Ceto or of Zeus and Themis.
In another source, the nymphs are said to be the daughters of Hesperus. Among the names given to them, though never all at once, there were either three, four, or seven Hesperides. Apollonius of Rhodes gives the number of three with their names as Aigle and Hespere. Hyginus in his preface to the Fabulae names them as Hesperie and * aerica. In another source, they are named Ægle and Hesperethusa, the three daughters of Hesperus. Hesiod says that these "clear-voiced Hesperides", daughters of Night, guarded the golden apples beyond Ocean in the far west of the world, gives the number of the Hesperides as four, their names as: Aigle, Hesperia whose name refers to the colour of the setting sun: red, yellow, or gold and lastly Arethusa. In addition and Arethusa, the so-called "ox-eyed Hesperethusa." Pseudo-Apollodorus gives the number of the Hesperides as four, namely: Aigle, Erytheia and Arethusa while Fulgentius named them as Aegle, Hesperie and Arethusa. However, the historiographer Diodorus in his account stated that they are seven in number with no information of their names.
An ancient vase painting attests the following names as four: Asterope, Chrysothemis and Lipara. A Pyxis has Hippolyte and Thetis. Petrus Apianus attributed to these stars a mythical connection of their own, he believed that they were nymph daughters of Atlas and Hesperis. Their names were: Aegle, Arethusa, Hespera and Hespereia. A certain Crete, possible eponym of the island of Crete, was called one of the Hesperides, they are sometimes called the Western Maidens, the Daughters of Evening or Erythrai, the "Sunset Goddesses", designations all tied to their imagined location in the distant west. Hesperis is appropriately the personification of the evening and the Evening Star is Hesperus. In addition to their tending of the garden, they have taken great pleasure in singing. Euripides calls them "minstrel maids"; the Hesperides could be hamadryad nymphs or epimeliads as suggested by a passage in which they change into trees: ".. Hespere became a poplar and Eretheis an elm, Aegle a willow's sacred trunk.." and in the same account, they are described figuratively or to have white arms and golden heads.
Erytheia is one of the Hesperides. The name was applied to an island close to the coast of southern Hispania, the site of the original Punic colony of Gades. Pliny's Natural History records of the island of Gades: "On the side which looks towards Spain, at about 100 paces distance, is another long island, three miles wide, on which the original city of Gades stood. By Ephorus and Philistides it is called Erythia, by Timæus and Silenus Aphrodisias, by the natives the Isle of Juno." The island was the seat of Geryon, overcome by Heracles. The Hesperides tend a blissful garden in a far western corner of the world, located near the Atlas mountains in North Africa at the edge of the encircling Oceanus, the world-ocean. According to the Sicilian Greek poet Stesichorus, in his poem the "Song of Geryon", the Greek geographer Strabo, in his book Geographika, the garden of the Hesperides is located in Tartessos, a location placed in the south of the Iberian peninsula. Euesperides, founded by people from Cyrene or Barca might have mythological associations with the garden of Hesperides.
By Ancient Roman times, the garden of the Hesperides had lost its archaic place in religion and had dwindled to a poetic convention, in which form it was revived in Renaissance poetry, to refer both to the garden and to the nymphs that dwelt there. The Garden of the Hesperides is Hera's orchard in the west, where either a single apple tree or a grove grows, producing golden apples. According to the legend, when the marriage of Zeus and Hera took place, the different deities came with nuptial presents for the latter, among them the goddess of Gaia, with branches having golden apples growing on them as a wedding gift. Hera admiring these, begged of Gaea to plant them in her gardens, which extended as far as Mount Atlas; the Hesperides were given the task of tending to the grove, but picked apples from it themselves. Not trusting them, Hera placed in the garden an immortal, never-sleeping, hundred-headed dragon named Ladon as an additi
Geryon
In Greek mythology, son of Chrysaor and Callirrhoe, the grandson of Medusa and the nephew of Pegasus, was a fearsome giant who dwelt on the island Erytheia of the mythic Hesperides in the far west of the Mediterranean. A more literal-minded generation of Greeks associated the region with Tartessos in southern Iberia. Geryon was described as a monster with human faces. According to Hesiod Geryon had one body and three heads, whereas the tradition followed by Aeschylus gave him three bodies. A lost description by Stesichoros said that he is winged; some accounts state that he had six legs as well while others state that the three bodies were joined to one pair of legs. Apart from these bizarre features, his appearance was that of a warrior, he owned a two-headed hound named Orthrus, the brother of Cerberus, a herd of magnificent red cattle that were guarded by Orthrus, a herder Eurytion, son of Erytheia. In the fullest account in the Bibliotheke of Pseudo-Apollodorus, Heracles was required to travel to Erytheia, in order to obtain the Cattle of Geryon as his tenth labour.
On the way there, he crossed the Libyan desert and became so frustrated at the heat that he shot an arrow at Helios, the Sun. Helios "in admiration of his courage" gave Heracles the golden chariot he used to sail across the sea from west to east each night. Heracles used it to reach a favorite motif of the vase-painters; such a magical conveyance undercuts any literal geography for Erytheia, the "red island" of the sunset. When Heracles reached Erytheia, no sooner had he landed than he was confronted by the two-headed dog, Orthrus. With one huge blow from his olive-wood club, Heracles killed the watchdog. Eurytion the herdsman came to assist Orthrus. On hearing the commotion, Geryon sprang into action, carrying three shields, three spears, wearing three helmets, he pursued Heracles at the River Anthemus but fell victim to an arrow, dipped in the venomous blood of the Lernaean Hydra, shot so forcefully by Heracles that it pierced Geryon's forehead, "and Geryon bent his neck over to one side, like a poppy that spoils its delicate shapes, shedding its petals all at once".
Heracles had to herd the cattle back to Eurystheus. In Roman versions of the narrative, on the Aventine Hill in Italy, Cacus stole some of the cattle as Heracles slept, making the cattle walk backwards so that they left no trail, a repetition of the trick of the young Hermes. According to some versions, Heracles drove his remaining cattle past a cave, where Cacus had hidden the stolen animals, they began calling out to each other. In others, Cacus' sister, told Heracles where he was. Heracles killed Cacus, according to the Romans, founded an altar where the Forum Boarium, the cattle market, was held. To annoy Heracles, Hera sent a gadfly to irritate them and scatter them; the hero was within a year able to retrieve them. Hera sent a flood which raised the level of a river so much, Heracles could not cross with the cattle, he piled stones into the river to make the water shallower. When he reached the court of Eurystheus, the cattle were sacrificed to Hera. In the Aeneid, Vergil may have based the triple-souled figure of Erulus, king of Praeneste, on Geryon and Hercules' conquest of Geryon is mentioned in Book VIII.
The Herculean Sarcophagus of Genzano features. The poet Stesichorus wrote a song of Geryon in the sixth century BC, the source of this section in Bibliotheke. From the fragmentary papyri found at Oxyrhyncus it is possible that Stesichorus inserted a character, who reported the theft of the cattle to Geryon. Geryon had an interview with his mother Callirrhoe, who begged him not to confront Heracles, they appear to have expressed some doubt as to. The gods met in council, where Athena warned Poseidon that she would protect Heracles against Poseidon's grandson Geryon. Denys Page observes that the increase in representation of the Geryon episode in vase-paintings increased from the mid-sixth century and suggests that Stesichorus' Geryoneïs provided the impetus; the fragments are sufficient to show that the poem was composed in twenty-six line triads, of strophe and epode, repeated in columns along the original scroll, facts that aided Page in placing many of the fragments, sometimes of no more than a word, in what he believed to be their proper positions.
In his work Description of Greece, Pausanias mentions that Geryon had a daughter, who had a son with Hermes, the founder of the city of Nora in Sardinia. The Geryon of Dante's 14th century epic poem. Here, Geryon has become the Monster of Fraud, a beast with enormous dragon-like wings with the paws of a lion, the body of a wyvern, a scorpion's poisonous sting at the tip of his tail, but with the face of an "honest man", he dwells somewhere in the shadowed depths below the cliff between the seventh and eighth circles of Hell. They board him, Geryon glides in descending circles around the waterfall of the river Phlegethon down to the great depths to the Circle of Fraud; the Cádiz Memorial is a London monument displaying a captured Napoleonic mortar
Greek mythology is the body of myths told by the ancient Greeks. These stories concern the origin and the nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities and mythological creatures, the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual practices. Modern scholars study the myths in an attempt to shed light on the religious and political institutions of ancient Greece and its civilization, to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself; the Greek myths were propagated in an oral-poetic tradition most by Minoan and Mycenaean singers starting in the 18th century BC. Two poems by Homer's near contemporary Hesiod, the Theogony and the Works and Days, contain accounts of the genesis of the world, the succession of divine rulers, the succession of human ages, the origin of human woes, the origin of sacrificial practices. Myths are preserved in the Homeric Hymns, in fragments of epic poems of the Epic Cycle, in lyric poems, in the works of the tragedians and comedians of the fifth century BC, in writings of scholars and poets of the Hellenistic Age, in texts from the time of the Roman Empire by writers such as Plutarch and Pausanias.
Aside from this narrative deposit in ancient Greek literature, pictorial representations of gods and mythic episodes featured prominently in ancient vase-paintings and the decoration of votive gifts and many other artifacts. Geometric designs on pottery of the eighth century BC depict scenes from the Trojan cycle as well as the adventures of Heracles. In the succeeding Archaic and Hellenistic periods and various other mythological scenes appear, supplementing the existing literary evidence. Greek mythology has had an extensive influence on the culture and literature of Western civilization and remains part of Western heritage and language. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in the themes. Greek mythology is known today from Greek literature and representations on visual media dating from the Geometric period from c. 900 BC to c. 800 BC onward. In fact and archaeological sources integrate, sometimes mutually supportive and sometimes in conflict.
Mythical narration plays an important role in nearly every genre of Greek literature. The only general mythographical handbook to survive from Greek antiquity was the Library of Pseudo-Apollodorus; this work attempts to reconcile the contradictory tales of the poets and provides a grand summary of traditional Greek mythology and heroic legends. Apollodorus of Athens wrote on many of these topics, his writings may have formed the basis for the collection. Among the earliest literary sources are the Iliad and the Odyssey. Other poets completed the "epic cycle", but these and lesser poems now are lost entirely. Despite their traditional name, the "Homeric Hymns" have no direct connection with Homer, they are choral hymns from the earlier part of the so-called Lyric age. Hesiod, a possible contemporary with Homer, offers in his Theogony the fullest account of the earliest Greek myths, dealing with the creation of the world. Hesiod's Works and Days, a didactic poem about farming life includes the myths of Prometheus and the Five Ages.
The poet gives advice on the best way to succeed in a dangerous world, rendered yet more dangerous by its gods. Lyrical poets took their subjects from myth, but their treatment became less narrative and more allusive. Greek lyric poets, including Pindar and Simonides, bucolic poets such as Theocritus and Bion, relate individual mythological incidents. Additionally, myth was central to classical Athenian drama; the tragic playwrights Aeschylus and Euripides took most of their plots from myths of the age of heroes and the Trojan War. Many of the great tragic stories took on their classic form in these tragedies; the comic playwright Aristophanes used myths, in The Birds and The Frogs. Historians Herodotus and Diodorus Siculus, geographers Pausanias and Strabo, who traveled throughout the Greek world and noted the stories they heard, supplied numerous local myths and legends giving little-known alternative versions. Herodotus in particular, searched the various traditions presented him and found the historical or mythological roots in the confrontation between Greece and the East.
Herodotus attempted to reconcile the blending of differing cultural concepts. The poetry of the Hellenistic and Roman ages was composed as a literary rather than cultic exercise, it contains many important details that would otherwise be lost. This category includes the works of: The Roman poets Ovid, Valerius Flaccus and Virgil with Servius's commentary; the Greek poets of the Late Antique period: Nonnus, Antoninus Liberalis, Quintus Smyrnaeus. The Greek poets of the Hellenistic period: Apollonius of Rhodes, Pseudo-Eratosthenes, Parthenius. Prose writers from the same periods who make reference to myths includ
International Standard Serial Number
An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine. The ISSN is helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSN are used in ordering, interlibrary loans, other practices in connection with serial literature; the ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971 and published as ISO 3297 in 1975. ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC 9 is responsible for maintaining the standard; when a serial with the same content is published in more than one media type, a different ISSN is assigned to each media type. For example, many serials are published both in electronic media; the ISSN system refers to these types as electronic ISSN, respectively. Conversely, as defined in ISO 3297:2007, every serial in the ISSN system is assigned a linking ISSN the same as the ISSN assigned to the serial in its first published medium, which links together all ISSNs assigned to the serial in every medium.
The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers. As an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits; the last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the general form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows: NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character, C is in; the ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, C=5. To calculate the check digit, the following algorithm may be used: Calculate the sum of the first seven digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, counting from the right—that is, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, respectively: 0 ⋅ 8 + 3 ⋅ 7 + 7 ⋅ 6 + 8 ⋅ 5 + 5 ⋅ 4 + 9 ⋅ 3 + 5 ⋅ 2 = 0 + 21 + 42 + 40 + 20 + 27 + 10 = 160 The modulus 11 of this sum is calculated. For calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, counting from the right.
The modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker. ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris; the International Centre is an intergovernmental organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, the ISDS Register otherwise known as the ISSN Register. At the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept. An ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an anonymous identifier associated with a serial title, containing no information as to the publisher or its location. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change. Since the ISSN applies to an entire serial a new identifier, the Serial Item and Contribution Identifier, was built on top of it to allow references to specific volumes, articles, or other identifiable components.
Separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic media versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. A CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved. However, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial; this "media-oriented identification" of serials made sense in the 1970s. In the 1990s and onward, with personal computers, better screens, the Web, it makes sense to consider only content, independent of media; this "content-oriented identification" of serials was a repressed demand during a decade, but no ISSN update or initiative occurred. A natural extension for ISSN, the unique-identification of the articles in the serials, was the main demand application. An alternative serials' contents model arrived with the indecs Content Model and its application, the digital object identifier, as ISSN-independent initiative, consolidated in the 2000s. Only in 2007, ISSN-L was defined in the
Natural History (Pliny)
The Natural History is a book about the whole of the natural world in Latin by Pliny the Elder, a Roman author and naval commander who died in 79 AD. It is one of the largest single works to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day and purports to cover all ancient knowledge; the work's subject area is thus not limited to. It is encyclopedic in scope; the work is divided into 37 books, organised into ten volumes. These cover topics including astronomy, geography, anthropology, human physiology, botany, horticulture, mining, sculpture and precious stones. Pliny's Natural History became a model for encyclopedias and scholarly works as a result of its breadth of subject matter, its referencing of original authors, its index; the work is dedicated to the emperor Titus, a son of Pliny's close friend, the emperor Vespasian, in the first year of Titus's reign. It is the only work by Pliny to have survived, the last that he published, he began it in 77, had not made a final revision at the time of his death during the AD 79 eruption of Vesuvius.
Pliny's Natural History was written alongside other substantial works. Pliny combined his scholarly activities with a busy career as an imperial administrator for the emperor Vespasian. Much of his writing was done at night; as for the nocturnal hours spent writing, these were seen not as a loss of sleep but as an addition to life, for as he states in the preface, Vita vigilia est, "to be alive is to be watchful", in a military metaphor of a sentry keeping watch in the night. Pliny claims to be the only Roman to have undertaken such a work, in his prayer for the blessing of the universal mother: Hail to thee, thou parent of all things! and do thou deign to show thy favour unto me, alone of all the citizens of Rome, have, in thy every department, thus made known thy praise. The Natural History is encyclopaedic in scope. However, it does have structure: Pliny uses Aristotle's division of nature to recreate the natural world in literary form. Rather than presenting compartmentalised, stand-alone entries arranged alphabetically, Pliny's ordered natural landscape is a coherent whole, offering the reader a guided tour: "a brief excursion under our direction among the whole of the works of nature..."
The work is unified but varied: "My subject is the world of nature... or in other words, life," he tells Titus. Nature for Pliny was divine, a pantheistic concept inspired by the Stoic philosophy which underlies much of his thought, but the deity in question was a goddess whose main purpose was to serve the human race: "nature, life" is human life in a natural landscape. After an initial survey of cosmology and geography, Pliny starts his treatment of animals with the human race, "for whose sake great Nature appears to have created all other things"; this teleological view of nature was common in antiquity and is crucial to the understanding of the Natural History. The components of nature are not just described in and for themselves, but with a view to their role in human life. Pliny devotes a number of the books to plants, with a focus on their medicinal value. Pliny's premise is distinct from modern ecological theories, reflecting the prevailing sentiment of his time. Pliny's work reflects Rome's imperial expansion which brought new and exciting things to the capital: exotic eastern spices, strange animals to be put on display or herded into the arena the alleged phoenix sent to the emperor Claudius in AD 47 – although, as Pliny admits, this was acknowledged to be a fake.
Pliny repeated Aristotle's maxim. Nature's variety and versatility were claimed to be infinite: "When I have observed nature she has always induced me to deem no statement about her incredible." This led Pliny to recount rumours of strange peoples on the edges of the world. These monstrous races – the Cynocephali or Dog-Heads, the Sciapodae, whose single foot could act as a sunshade, the mouthless Astomi, who lived on scents – were not new, they had been mentioned in the 5th century BC by the Greek historian Herodotus but Pliny made them better known."As full of variety as nature itself", stated Pliny's nephew, Pliny the Younger, this verdict explains the appeal of the Natural History since Pliny's death in the eruption of Vesuvius in AD 79. Pliny had gone to investigate the strange cloud – "shaped like an umbrella pine", according to his nephew – rising from the mountain; the Natural History was one of the first ancient European texts to be printed, in Venice in 1469. Philemon Holland's English translation of 1601 has influenced literature since.
The Natural History consists of 37 books. Pliny devised a summarium, or list of contents, at the beginning of the work, interpreted by modern printers as a table of contents; the table below is a summary based on modern names for topics. Pliny's purpose in writing the Natural History was to cover all learning and art so far as they are connected with nature or draw their materials from nature, he says:My subject is a barren one – t
Greek mythology [videos]
Greek mythology is the body of myths originally told by the ancient Greeks. These stories concern the origin and the nature of the world, the lives and activities of deities, heroes, and mythological creatures, and the origins and significance of the ancient Greeks' own cult and ritual practices …
Prometheus (1868 by Gustave Moreau). The myth of Prometheus first was attested by Hesiod and then constituted the basis for a tragic trilogy of plays, possibly by Aeschylus, consisting of Prometheus Bound, Prometheus Unbound, and Prometheus Pyrphoros.
The Roman poet Virgil, here depicted in the fifth-century manuscript, the Vergilius Romanus, preserved details of Greek mythology in many of his writings.
Hesperides [videos]
In Greek mythology, the Hesperides are the nymphs of evening and golden light of sunsets, who were the "Daughters of the Evening" or "Nymphs of the West". They were also called the Atlantides from their reputed father, the Titan Atlas. — Etymology …
The Garden of the Hesperides by Frederick, Lord Leighton, 1892.
This circular Pyxis or box depicts two scenes. The one shown presents the Olympian gods feasting around a tripod table holding the golden Apple of the Hesperides. The Walters Art Museum.
Detail of a third century AD Roman mosaic of the Labours of Hercules from Llíria, Spain showing Heracles stealing the golden apples from the Garden of the Hesperides
Hercules Killing the Dragon in the Garden of the Hesperides by Lorenzo Vaiani
Hispania [videos]
Hispania was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania …
Archaeological Roman Ensemble of Mérida (Emerita Augusta), Extremadura, Spain.
The Tower of Hercules in Corunna, Galicia, Spain, is the world's oldest Roman lighthouse still in use.
The Roman Aqueduct of Segovia, Castile, Spain.
The Roman Temple of Évora (Liberatias Iulia), Alentejo, Portugal.
Natural History (Pliny) [videos]
The Natural History is a book about the whole of the natural world in Latin by Pliny the Elder, a Roman author and naval commander who died in 79 AD. — It is one of the largest single works to have survived from the Roman Empire to the modern day and purports to cover all …
Naturalis Historia, 1669 edition, title page. The title at the top reads: "Volume I of the Natural History of Gaius Plinius Secundus".
Naturalis Historia, work printed by Johannes Alvisius in 1499 in Venice, Italy
A sciapod, described by Pliny in his Natural History. From the Nuremberg Chronicle (1493).
The Natural History of Pliny in a mid-12th-century manuscript from the Abbaye de Saint Vincent, Le Mans, France
Heracles [videos]
Heracles, born Alcaeus or Alcides was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon. He was a great-grandson and half-brother (as they are …
Temple to Heracles in Agrigento, Sicily, Italy
Heracles strangling snakes (detail from an Attic red-figured stamnos, c. 480–470 BCE)
The Origin of the Milky Way by Jacopo Tintoretto
Heracles as a boy strangling a snake (marble, Roman artwork, 2nd century CE). Capitoline Museums in Rome, Italy
Complutense University of Madrid [videos]
The Complutense University of Madrid is a public research university located in Madrid, and one of the oldest universities in the world. The university enrolls over 86,000 students, being the 3rd …
Paraninfo of the Complutense University.
Alfonso XIII, King of Spain, with Faculty members of the University: Albert Einstein, José Rodríguez Carracido, Blas Cabrera y Felipe, among others, on 11 March 1923.
Ciudad Universitaria de Madrid
Façade of the Auditorium of Universidad Complutense.
Hesiod [videos]
Hesiod was a Greek poet generally thought by scholars to have been active between 750 and 650 BC, around the same time as Homer. He is generally regarded as the first written poet in the Western tradition to regard himself as an individual persona with an active role to …
The bust was identified for a very long time with the Roman philosopher Seneca the Younger, but it may actually represent Hesiod.
The Dance of the Muses at Mount Helicon by Bertel Thorvaldsen (1807). Hesiod cites inspiration from the Muses while on Mount Helicon.
Hesiod and the Muse (1891), by Gustave Moreau. The poet is presented with a lyre, in contradiction to the account given by Hesiod himself in which the gift was a laurel staff.
Modern Mount Helicon. Hesiod once described his nearby hometown, Ascra, as "cruel in winter, hard in summer, never pleasant."
Theogony [videos]
The Theogony is a poem by Hesiod describing the origins and genealogies of the Greek gods, composed c. 700 BC. It is written in the Epic dialect of Ancient Greek. — Descriptions …
Fourteenth-century Greek manuscript of Hesiod's Theogony with scholia written in the margins
The nine muses on a Roman sarcophagus (second century AD)—Louvre, Paris
The Mutilation of Uranus by Saturn: fresco by Giorgio Vasari and Cristofano Gherardi, c. 1560 (Sala di Cosimo I, Palazzo Vecchio)
The Fall of the Titans by Cornelis Cornelisz van Haarlem (1596-1598)
Geryon [videos]
In Greek mythology, Geryon, son of Chrysaor and Callirrhoe, the grandson of Medusa and the nephew of Pegasus, was a fearsome giant who dwelt on the island Erytheia of the mythic Hesperides in the far west of the Mediterranean. A more …
Heracles fighting Geryon, amphora by the E Group, ca. 540 BC, Louvre
Heracles on the sea in the bowl of Helios. Roma, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, n. 205336.
A wood engraving by Gustave Doré of Geryon for Dante's Inferno
Ancient Greek [videos]
The Ancient Greek language includes the forms of Greek used in Ancient Greece and the ancient world from around the 9th century BCE to the 6th century CE. It is often roughly divided into the Archaic period, Classical period, and Hellenistic …
Inscription about the construction of the statue of Athena Parthenos in the Parthenon, 440/439 BC
Ostracon bearing the name of Cimon, Stoa of Attalos
International Standard Serial Number [videos]
An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication, such as a magazine. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title. ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and …
an ISSN, 2049-3630, as represented by an EAN-13 bar code.
LeBron James [videos]
LeBron Raymone James Sr. is an American professional basketball player for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Basketball Association. He is often considered the best basketball player in the world and regarded by some as the greatest player of all time. His …
James with the Cavaliers in 2017
James picks up his dribble against Caron Butler of the Washington Wizards, November 2006.
James engages in his pre-game ritual of tossing crushed chalk into the air, March 2008. The routine was mostly ended after 2011.
James and DeShawn Stevenson in April 2008. The two had a short feud after Stevenson called James "overrated".
Turquoise [videos]
Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a hydrated phosphate of copper and aluminium, with the chemical formula Cu Al648·4H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gemstone and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique hue. In …
"Big Blue", a large turquoise specimen from the copper mine at Cananea, Sonora, Mexico
Massive Kingman blue turquoise in matrix with quartz from the Mineral Park mine, Arizona, US
Cutting and grinding turquoise in Nishapur, Iran, 1973
Persian turquoise from Iran
Malibu, California [videos]
Malibu is a beach city in western Los Angeles County, California, situated about 30 miles west of Downtown Los Angeles. It is known for its Mediterranean climate and its 21-mile strip of the Malibu coast, incorporated in 1991 into the City of Malibu. The area …
Sign of historical Malibu coast of 27 miles (43 km) from Point Mugu east to Tuna Canyon
Dawn in the Santa Monica Mountains
Malibu lagoon
Sovereign (British coin) [videos]
The sovereign is a gold coin of the United Kingdom, with a nominal value of one pound sterling. Struck from 1817 until the present time, it was originally a circulating coin accepted in Britain and elsewhere in the world; it is now a bullion coin and is sometimes mounted in jewellery. In most …
Sovereign of Queen Mary I, c. 1553
A £1 note issued in 1814 by the Gloucester Old Bank
1817 sovereign of George III
Pistrucci's original sketch for the sovereign
Battle of Kursk [videos]
The Battle of Kursk was a Second World War engagement between German and Soviet forces on the Eastern Front near Kursk in the Soviet Union, during July and August 1943. The battle began with the launch of the German offensive, Operation Citadel …
2nd SS Panzer Division soldiers, Tiger I tank, in June 1943 just before the battle
Guderian being transported to the Eastern Front, 1943
A Raupenschlepper Ost, designed in response to the poor roads of Russia, moves materiel up shortly before the Kursk offensive.
Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgi Konstantinovich Zhukov, 1941.
Mercedes-Benz W196 [videos]
The Mercedes-Benz W196 was a Formula One racing car produced by Mercedes-Benz for the 1954 and 1955 F1 seasons. Successor to the W194, in the hands of Juan Manuel Fangio and Stirling Moss it won 9 of 12 races entered and captured the only two world championships in which it competed. — Firsts …
Karl Kling driving a W196 at the Nürburgring
Streamlined Type Monza bodywork
A 1954 Mercedes W196 on display at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway's Hall of Fame and Museum
Stirling Moss presenting a W196 at the 2014 Goodwood Festival of Speed
William the Conqueror [videos]
William I, usually known as William the Conqueror and sometimes William the Bastard, was the first Norman King of England, reigning from 1066 until his death in 1087. A descendant of Rollo, he was Duke of Normandy from 1035 onward. After a long struggle to establish his …
William as depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry during the Battle of Hastings, lifting his helm to show that he is still alive
Column at the site of the Battle of Val-ès-Dunes
Image from the Bayeux Tapestry showing William with his half-brothers. William is in the centre, Odo is on the left with empty hands, and Robert is on the right with a sword in his hand.
Scene from the Bayeux Tapestry whose text indicates William supplying weapons to Harold during Harold's trip to the continent in 1064
Vin Diesel [videos]
Mark Sinclair, better known by his stage name Vin Diesel, is an American actor, producer, director and screenwriter. He is well known for his portrayals of Dominic Toretto in The Fast and the Furious film series, Richard B. Riddick in The Chronicles of Riddick series, Xander …
Diesel in July 2013
Diesel at the premiere for Fast & Furious in 2009
The Fast Five cast with Natalie Morales for NBC's Today in April 2011. From left to right: Dwayne Johnson, Chris Bridges, Jordana Brewster, Diesel and Paul Walker
Diesel in Munich in 2005
History of Monaco [videos]
The early history of Monaco is primarily concerned with the protective and strategic value of the Rock of Monaco, the area's chief geological landmark, which served first as a shelter for ancient peoples and later as a fortress. Part of Liguria's history since the fall of the Roman Empire, from the …
The Rock in 1890
La Roche in modern times
Western Front in 1944
View of Monaco in 2016
Koenigsegg Agera [videos]
The Koenigsegg Agera is a mid-engined sports car produced by Swedish car manufacturer Koenigsegg. It is a successor to the CCX/CCXR. The name comes from the Swedish verb'agera' which means "to act" or in imperative form " act!". — It was named Hypercar of the Year in 2010 by Top Gear magazine …
The 5.0-litre twin-turbo V8 engine
Koenigsegg Agera R Speed Racer
Koenigsegg Agera S Hundra
The Koenigsegg One:1 at the Goodwood Festival of Speed
History of Syria [videos]
The history of Syria covers events which occurred on the territory of the present Syrian Arab Republic and events which occurred in Syria. The present Syrian Arab Republic spans territory which was first unified in the 10th century BCE under the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the capital of which …
Female figurine, Syria, 5000 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum.
The Ancient city of Apamea, Syria, one of Syria's most important commercial centres and prospering cities in Hellenistic times
Roman Theater of Bosra
Empress Julia Domna
Tulip mania [videos]
Tulip mania was a period in the Dutch Golden Age during which contract prices for some bulbs of the recently introduced and fashionable tulip reached extraordinarily high levels and then dramatically collapsed in February 1637. It is generally considered the first recorded …
A tulip, known as "the Viceroy" (viseroij), displayed in the 1637 Dutch catalog Verzameling van een Meenigte Tulipaanen. Its bulb was offered for sale for between 3,000 and 4,200 guilders (florins) depending on size (aase). A skilled craftsworker at the time earned about 300 guilders a year.
A Satire of Tulip Mania by Jan Brueghel the Younger (ca. 1640) depicts speculators as brainless monkeys in contemporary upper-class dress. In a commentary on the economic folly, one monkey urinates on the previously valuable plants, others appear in debtor's court and one is carried to the grave.
Anonymous 17th-century watercolor of the Semper Augustus, famous for being the most expensive tulip sold during the tulip mania.
Wagon of Fools by Hendrik Gerritsz Pot, 1637. Followed by Haarlem weavers who have abandoned their looms, blown by the wind and flying a flag emblazoned with tulips, Flora, goddess of flowers, her arms laden with tulips, rides to their destruction in the sea along with tipplers, money changers and the two-faced goddess Fortuna.
Mercedes-Benz [videos]
Mercedes-Benz is a German global automobile marque and a division of Daimler AG. The brand is known for luxury vehicles, buses, coaches, and trucks. The headquarters is in Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg. The name first appeared in 1926 under Daimler-Benz. In …
Karl Benz. Benz made the 1886 Benz Patent Motorwagen, which is widely regarded as the first automobile.
Gottlieb Daimler, founder of Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft.
Mercedes-Benz dealer in Munich, Germany.
Mercedes-Benz A-Class (Subcompact executive hatchbacks and sedans)
Bryce Canyon National Park [videos]
Bryce Canyon National Park is an American national park located in southwestern Utah. The major feature of the park is Bryce Canyon, which despite its name, is not a canyon, but a collection of giant natural amphitheaters along the eastern side of the Paunsaugunt Plateau. Bryce is distinctive …
Bryce Amphitheater from Sunrise Point
Erosion of sedimentary rocks has created natural arches.
Bryce Canyon has extensive fir forests.
Lisbon [videos]
Lisbon is the capital and the largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 505,526 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Its urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.8 …
Phoenician archaeological dig in the Lisbon Cathedral cloisters
Section of the Cerca Velha (Old Wall). Originally built by Romans, later rebuilt by the Moors.
Surrender of the Moors to King Afonso at the 1147 Siege of Lisbon.
The 1384 Siege of Lisbon in Froissart's Chronicles.
Julia Roberts [videos]
Julia Fiona Roberts is an American actress and producer. She became a Hollywood star after headlining the romantic comedy Pretty Woman, which grossed $464 million worldwide. She has won three Golden Globe Awards, from eight nominations, and has been nominated for four …
Roberts at the 2016 Cannes Film Festival
Roberts in Paris promoting Eat Pray Love, September 2010
Roberts at the 2011 Tribeca Film Festival
Napoleon Diamond Necklace [videos]
The Napoleon Diamond Necklace is a diamond necklace commissioned by Napoleon I of France c. 1811–1812. It is currently on display in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. United States. — Description — The Napoleon Diamond Necklace consists of 28 mine cut diamonds set into a single …
The Napoleon Diamond Necklace on display at the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.
Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma wearing the Napoleon Diamond Necklace and the Marie Louise Diadem
Gasherbrum I [videos]
Gasherbrum I, surveyed as K5 and also known as Hidden Peak, is the 11th highest mountain in the world at 8,080 metres above sea level. It is located on the Pakistani–Chinese …
Gasherbrum I in 2001
1933 double eagle [videos]
The 1933 double eagle is a United States 20-dollar gold coin. Although 445,500 specimens of this Saint-Gaudens double eagle were minted in 1933, none were ever officially circulated, and all but two were ordered melted down. However, 20 more are known to have been rescued from melting by being …
Image: NNC US 1933 G$20 Saint Gaudens


text:
Старополье — деревня в Сланцевском районе Ленинградской области России. Административный центр Старопольского сельского поселения.

История
Впервые упоминается в писцовых книгах Шелонской пятины 1498 года, как деревня Волово 1 большой двор (село Валово) в Сумерском погосте Новгородского уезда, а местность близ него названа Старополье.

Затем Старопольский погост упоминается на карте Санкт-Петербургской губернии Ф. Ф. Шуберта 1834 года.

ВАЛОВО — село принадлежит её величеству, число жителей по ревизии: 41 м. п., 48 ж. п.; В оном церковь каменная во имя Св. пророка Илии (1838 год)

ВАЛОВА — деревня Гдовского её величества имения, по просёлочной дороге, число дворов — 14, число душ — 45 м. п. (1856 год)

ВАЛОВО — село удельное при колодце, число дворов — 14, число жителей: 46 м. п., 51 ж. п.
СТАРОПОЛЬЕ — погост при колодце, число дворов — 7, число жителей: 15 м. п., 12 ж. п. (1862 год)

Сборник Центрального статистического комитета описывал его так:

ВОЛОВО (СТАРОПОЛЬЕ) — село бывшее удельное, дворов — 16, жителей — 116; Волостное правление, церковно-приходская школа, 2 лавки, постоялый двор, ярмарка раз в год. (1885 год)

В XIX — начале XX века село административно относилось к Старопольской волости 2-го земского участка 1-го стана Гдовского уезда Санкт-Петербургской губернии.

Согласно Памятной книжке Санкт-Петербургской губернии 1905 года деревня Валово и погост Старополье входили в Валовское сельское общество.

С 1917 года деревня Валово находилась в составе Заклепского сельсовета Старопольской волости Гдовского уезда.

С февраля 1927 года, в составе Ложголовской волости.

С августа 1927 года, в составе Осьминского района.

С 1928 года, в составе Старопольского сельсовета.

По данным 1933 года село Валово являлось административным центром Старопольского сельсовета Осьминского района, в который входило 12 населённых пунктов, деревни: Заклепье, Замошье, Засосье, Корино I, Корино II, Крупа, Куреши, Менюши, Соболец, Шакицы, Чудская Гора и село Валово, общей численностью населения 3144 человека.

По данным 1936 года в состав Старопольского сельсовета Осьминского района входили 19 населённых пунктов, 660 хозяйств и 10 колхозов, административным центром сельсовета являлось село Валово.

Село было освобождено от немецко-фашистских оккупантов 1 февраля 1944 года.

С 1961 года, в составе Сланцевского района.

С 1963 года, в составе Кингисеппского района.

По состоянию на 1 августа 1965 года деревня Старополье являлась административным центром Старопольского сельсовета Кингисеппского района. С ноября 1965 года, вновь в составе Сланцевского района. В 1965 году население деревни составляло 150 человек.

По данным 1973 года деревня Старополье являлась административным центром Старопольского сельсовета

По данным 1990 года деревня Старополье являлась административным центром Старопольского сельсовета, в который входили 38 населённых пунктов общей численностью населения 1652 человека. В самой деревне Старополье проживали 919 человек.

В 1997 году в деревне Старополье Старопольской волости проживали 966 человек, в 2002 году — 801 человек (русские — 95 %), деревня являлась административным центром волости.

В 2007 году в деревне Старополье Старопольского СП проживали 866 человек, в 2010 году — 801 человек.

География
Деревня расположена в восточной части района на автодороге  (Гостицы — Большая Пустомержа) в месте примыкания к ней автодороги  (Старополье — Осьмино).

Расстояние до районного центра — 48 км.

Расстояние до ближайшей железнодорожной станции Веймарн — 50 км.

Через деревню протекает правый приток реки Менюшка.

Демография

Инфраструктура
С 1974 года в деревне имеется средняя общеобразовательная школа.

Библиотека, детский сад, три магазина, амбулатория, аптека, отделение Почты России, филиал Сбербанка РФ, церковь, Дом культуры (спортзал, библиотека, помещение для театра), пять многоквартирных домов и несколько десятков частных домов.

Достопримечательности
 Церковь Рождества Христова. Построена между 1878 и 1888 годами. Архитектор — И. Б. Слупский.
 Церковь Илии Пророка (закрыта в 1936 году)

Фото

Примечания

Населённые пункты Сланцевского района

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Adoption travel be very complicated. Missionary Travel is here to help arrange your adoption travel.
We have negotiated special missionary discount airfare contracts with many U.S. and International carriers at wholesale rates. We compare multiple mission airfare sources to ensure you receive the lowest airfare possible.
Along with preferential pricing, our special missionary discount airfare contracts allow us to extend more flexible reservations and ticketing terms to our clients that are not available to the general public. This includes enhanced reservation hold times, closer to departure purchasing, and more favorable open-ended return requirements.
Our knowledgeable and experienced travel specialists have often been where you would like to go. Our team is comprised of experienced mission travelers that are eager to put their first-hand experience and travel industry training to work for you.


text:
San Francisco Art Events Add your event
Activism / Cause
ODC presents Theater Unplugged
at ODC Theater https://www.sfstation.com/odc-theater-b680 (6pm) 3153 17th Street
Indie Mart: DIY, Design & Music Party
at Thee Parkside https://www.sfstation.com/thee-parkside-b552 (noon) 1600 17th St
12noon - 8pm, till 6pm on Sun
Brenna Murphy: Liquid Vehicle Transmitter
at Yerba Buena Center for the Arts (YBCA) https://www.sfstation.com/yerba-buena-center-for-the-arts-ybca-b353 (12noon - 8pm, till 6pm on Sun) 701 Mission Street
Alcatraz: Life on the Rock
at Hyatt Regency San Francisco https://www.sfstation.com/hyatt-regency-san-francisco-b1938 (All Day) 5 Embarcadero Center
Impressionists on the Water
at Legion of Honor https://www.sfstation.com/legion-of-honor-b349 (9:30am - 5:15pm) 100 34th Avenue
at de Young Museum https://www.sfstation.com/de-young-museum-b507 (9:30am - 5:15pm) 50 Hagiwara Tea Garden Drive
Beat Memories: The Photographs of Allen Ginsberg
at Contemporary Jewish Museum https://www.sfstation.com/contemporary-jewish-museum-b341 (11am–5pm) 736 Mission St
Modeled Bodies
Darren Waterston: A Compendium of Creatures
Godwaffle Noise (Potato) Pancakes
at The Lab https://www.sfstation.com/the-lab-b407 (7:30 - 9:30 pm) 2948 16th Street
Kota Ezawa: Boardwalk
Artful Animals, Part 2
The Errand of the Eye
11:00AM, 1:00PM, 3:00PM
LOOK CLOSER GALLERY TALKS: The Art of Tyrus Wong
at The Walt Disney Family Museum https://www.sfstation.com/the-walt-disney-family-museum-b38458552 (11:00AM, 1:00PM, 3:00PM) 104 Montgomery Street
Noon - 5:00pm
Discontent in August
at A Woman's Eye Gallery https://www.sfstation.com/a-womans-eye-gallery-b38686692 (Noon - 5:00pm) 678 Portola Drive
I.O.P. I.E.D. (Inside Out Printer Improvised Explosive Device)
at RayKo Photo Center https://www.sfstation.com/rayko-photo-center-b10363 (10-8pm) 428 Third Street
Beyond Belief: 100 Years of the Spiritual in Modern Art

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
French colonial architecture includes several styles of architecture used by the French during colonization. Many former French colonies, especially those in Southeast Asia, have previously been reluctant to promote their colonial architecture as an asset for tourism; however, in recent times, the new generation of local authorities has somewhat "embraced" the architecture and has begun to advertise it. French Colonial architecture has a long history, beginning in North America in 1604 and being most active in the Western Hemisphere (Caribbean, Guiana, Canada, Louisiana) until the 19th century, when the French turned their attention more to Africa, Asia, and the Pacific.

In Canada
French settlements in Canada date back to the mid-16th century until the French defeat in Seven Years' War where New France was annexed by the British Crown in 1763 as a result of the Treaty of Paris. The settlements in the regions were extensive, hence the abundant architectural legacy from that period shows itself particularly in Quebec City but also in the city of Montreal, which has a significant Canadien population. Most buildings constructed during the French colonial period utilized a heavy timber frame of logs installed vertically on a sill, poteaux-sur-sol, or into the earth, poteaux-en-terre.  An infill of lime mortar or clay mixed with small stones (pierrotage) or a mixture of mud, moss, and animal hair (bousillage) was used to pack between the logs.  Many times the infill would later be replaced with brick.  This method of construction was used in the Illinois Country as well as Louisiana. General characteristics of a French Colonial dwelling included a raised basement which would support the floor of the home's primary living quarters.  Exterior stairs were another common element; the stairs would often climb up to a distinctive, full-length veranda or "gallery," on a home's façade. The roof over the veranda was normally part of the overall roof. French Colonial roofs were either a steep hipped roof, with a dormer or dormers, or a side-gabled roof.  The veranda or gallery was often accessed via French doors.  French Colonial homes in the American South commonly had stuccoed exterior walls.

In the United States
French Colonial was one of four domestic architectural styles that developed during the colonial period in what would become the United States. The other styles were Colonial Georgian, Dutch Colonial, and Spanish Colonial.  French Colonial developed in the settlements of the Illinois Country and French Louisiana.  It is believed to have been primarily influenced by the building styles of French Canada and the Caribbean. It had its beginnings in 1699 with the establishment of French Louisiana but continued to be built after Spain assumed control of the colonial territory in 1763. Styles of building that evolved during the French colonial period include the Creole cottage, Creole townhouse, and French Creole plantation house.

In Southeast Asia

French colonisation of three countries in mainland Southeast Asia—Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia, known as Indochina in the 19th and 20th centuries, left a lasting architectural legacy. Most French colonial buildings, now mostly transformed for public use, are located in large urban areas, namely Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), and Phnom Penh (Cambodia).

Vietnam
Various colonial buildings and constructions have become popular tourist destinations. Major landmarks that have become icons of cities including Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh City include:

Cambodia
 In Phnom Penh:
Central Market
Royal Railway Station
Hotel Le Royal
National Library of Cambodia
Villa Picturesque
Unesco Sino-Khmer Villa

Laos

In Africa

North Africa
19th and early 20th-century French colonial architecture is typical of the European districts of most Algerian and Tunisian cities, as well as Casablanca, Morocco. In the mid-20th-century, Algiers became an important center for Modernist architecture.

West Africa
French colonial architecture is found in many large and mid-sized West African cities, with a particularly significant concentration in the former capital city, Saint-Louis, Senegal.

Central Africa
Brazzaville, the capital of Congo, and Douala, the largest city of Cameroon have many French colonial buildings.

See also

American colonial architecture, which states that by 1770 the briquette-entre-poteaux replaced earlier types of French Colonial construction.
Creole cottage
Hotel St. Pierre
Lafitte's Blacksmith Shop

References

Colonial architecture in the United States
New France


Mid December nights are cold and often snowy on the Western Slope. But, here's an observing challenge: Catch the peak of this year's Geminid Meteor Shower on the night of December 13th to 14th.
The November Leonid meteor shower has produced some of the greatest meteor storms in history.
During the wee morning hours from August 9th to the 14th, you may see tens of meteors per hour streaking across our Western Slope Skies. This is the annual Perseid Meteor Shower, one of the most reliable of about 20 meteor showers that occur during the year. Meteors, sometimes called "shooting stars", are actually debris from comets or asteroids that have entered earth's atmosphere at high speed. The Perseid Shower consists of icy and rocky debris from Comet Swift-Tuttle, a 17 mile-wide comet that last passed near Earth in 1992.


Siemens recently hosted a webinar featuring Cisco Vicenty, Program Manager for the Case for Quality at the FDA, and Robert Becker, Senior Director of Quality for Edwards Lifesciences. The focus of the webinar was on the collaboration between industry and the FDA, and how they are working together to create a trusted partnership that can advance the entire industry. Mr. Vicenty details the quality programs and latest findings at the FDA, and Mr. Becker reviews the transformational journey of Edwards Lifesciences as they engaged in the FDA's program, and embarked on a digital transformation.
In this 2-part blog, we review some of the key discussions from the webinar.
The role of Quality in a medical device firm is very similar to the role of the FDA for the US government. They both work to achieve high consumer safety, product efficacy, and regulatory compliance. They face similar complexities of economic success while driving affordable innovation. And they serve stakeholders that include the consumers of medical solutions as well as employees, communities, and manufacturers. It is within this context that the FDA and Quality professionals can join forces to achieve their mutual objectives.
Mr. Vicenty shared some of the FDA's perspectives on the need for product quality excellence. He stated the purpose of the FDA's work very succinctly: to ensure that patients have access to high quality, safe, effective medical devices, of public health importance, first in the world. They seek to achieve quality from a patient-centric perspective, with value-driven assurance. They seek to accelerate innovation. And they seek to create an adaptive regulatory framework that can achieve these two objectives simultaneously.
Why the Case for Quality program at the FDA? Because the risk to patients from quality issues was hampering innovation in manufacturing and product development practices. While the industry was focused on meeting regulatory requirements, they weren't necessarily adopting best quality practices. They weren't seeing the investment in automation and digital technologies that could actually move the needle on proactive quality. The Case for Quality was developed to engage stakeholders across the industry, including manufacturers, patients, and regulators, to understand what was driving organizational performance, and how behavior could shift from a focus on meeting compliance requirements to a focus on producing higher quality products.
The collaboration has driven some key insights for the FDA. They recognize that their practices must support speed, increasing agility while enabling error-proofing and continuous rapid improvement. They needed to shift from an inspection mindset to a systems-enabled visibility and enforcement mindset that can respond to market drivers. They needed to avoid the creation of silos to make auditing easier – but rather drive more integration in the systems for manufacturers to collaborate, lean out the processes, and make it easy to do the right thing.
Mr. Vicenty described the Voluntary Medical Device Manufacturing and Product Quality Pilot program that was spawned from the Case for Quality work. Based on the maturity of the manufacturer's quality practices, they can receive FDA adjustments to the compliance requirements that can accelerate their review and approval process, and allow them to shift resources to innovation and improvement.
The returns the FDA is seeing in the program are significant.
For the FDA, 30-day notices consumed 15-22 FTEs, and site changes consumed 5 FTEs – all of which could be saved through the program and focused on other valuable initiatives.
Faster implementation of corrections to safety issues.
Mr. Vicenty details exactly what the voluntary program means for the manufacturer, and how it works.
Hear the entire presentation to find out more details about the FDA's product quality program, and the experience of Edwards Lifesciences in transforming their organization and advancing product quality in the process.


text:
Q: Faster build times in C++ What should I look for or pay attention to when trying to optimize C++ application for faster build times? Smaller translation units? Less dependencies?
Does splitting large units into multiple smaller ones, where they will include each other can help or it won't change a thing?
Can someone point me in the right direction, what to look for in such a process or where to find more information about it?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


No one wants to go to work every day dreading the amount of time they are going to spend with his or her boss. At the same time, I don't know any sane leader who looks forward to having bad relationships with team members. So the question then becomes, why are so many relationships between team members and their leader a major part of the reason people are unhappy at work?
In this drastically different approach, leaders know they are ultimately the ones responsible for building relationships based on trust, respect, work ethic, forgiveness, and accountability. These leaders model the behaviors they want to see, communicate well with their team, and allow their team members to choose to meet or exceed standards set. This doesn't mean the relationship isn't a two-way street, but it means the leader takes ownership and responsibility in it.
Ryan Holiday the author of Ego is The Enemy defines ego as "An unhealthy belief in our own importance. The Need to be better than, more than, recognized for far past any reasonable utility." If this is you, your people won't want to follow or work hard for you. It's that simple. Just this week, I had Cy Wakeman the author of No Ego on the Follow My Lead Podcast and she said, "Ego puts a filter on the world that corrupts your relationship with reality." If you can remove ego from the equation, you'll remove barriers in your relationships with your team.
When I ask, "Who is responsible for the bond of mutual trust between leader and team members?" in our Welder Leader workshop, the overwhelming answer is "team members." And they're wrong. Trust is built between leader and team member by the actions and behavior of the leader, not the other way around. People will judge your trustworthiness by your character, expertise, and how well you share your expertise with each team member.
One of the most important habits any leader can improve is their ability to coach individuals on their team. Michael Bungay Stanier says any leader could be a better coach just by, "staying curious a little bit longer and rushing to advice-giving a little bit slower." Positivity impacts your relationship with your people by coaching them to improve a skill gap.
It's easy for leaders to get in the habit of assuming every professional on their team is in the same place in their life's journey. Just because a 40 and 30-year-old might be doing the same job doesn't mean they are in the same place on their journey. One could be single, while the other married with kids. Those things absolutely matter. Get in the habit of putting yourself in the shoes of where your people are on their life's walk.


Installing Small block Ford Engine Mounts | Welder Series Inc.
Bolt the engine mount to the block.
Lowdown Hot Rods installed a set of our #2050 small block Ford engine mounts in a '32 Ford chassis.
Mock the motor in position, considering firewall/ distributor clearance, radiator/ fan clearance, and oil pan clearance.
Space the 3/8″ engine plate 1/2″ off the surface of your welding bench and position the urethane bushing outer tube.
Tack and weld the outer tube in place.
Position the gusset and tack in place.
Remember, the gusset goes on the bottom and there is a driver/ passenger side!
Measure the horizontal distance from the inside of the boxed frame rail, and a vertical dimension from the top surface of the frame rail up (or down) to the center of the urethane bushing tube.
Draw a line perpendicular to the edge of your work bench. This will represent the inside surface of your frame rail.
Draw a line parallel to the workbench edge the same distance as the height of your frame rails. This represents the top inside corner.
Test fitting the passenger side front plate. You will probably have to measure for the rear plate as well.
Measuring the rear frame plate.
Repeat on the driver's side.


Oakland based artist Cannon Dill is is a coffee-drinking, soft-speaking, and hand-rolled cigarette smoking jack of all trades.
"Spectators" explores the elements that define human nature. The artists take on identity, perspective and experience to study what makes us human.
This time last year artist Skinner started questioning everything he believed in, searching for something more out of his artwork.


We offer several options when it comes to folding. Below are a few examples of different folding options. If you need something that is not shown below, please be sure to contact a sales representative at 864.234.1024.


From 11 through 14 February, Flaska will participate at the world's largest trade fair for organic food and bio/eco products Biofach in Nuremberg, Germany. The trade fair already boasts of a 25-year-long tradition!
At this occasion, we kindly invite all our existing and potential partners to visit us at booth 104 in exhibition hall 1. We have prepared very well for the fair and we believe that we will make a lot of new contacts introducing Flaska to even more people on numerous new markets.
Currently, Flaska distributors can be found in 18 countries (since last year also e.g. in Indonesia, Singapore, Italy, Brazil, etc.), whereas online it is available worldwide. We have already sold more than 130,000! We believe that our participation at the Biofach fair will add some new countries to that list and that the number of sold Flaska bottles will grow even more rapidly!


Inhibitors of sodium–glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) are proposed as a novel approach for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Several compounds are already available in many countries (dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, empagliflozin and ipragliflozin) and some others are in a late phase of development. The available SGLT2 inhibitors share similar pharmacokinetic characteristics, with a rapid oral absorption, a long elimination half-life allowing once-daily administration, an extensive hepatic metabolism mainly via glucuronidation to inactive metabolites, the absence of clinically relevant drug–drug interactions and a low renal elimination as parent drug. SGLT2 co-transporters are responsible for reabsorption of most (90 %) of the glucose filtered by the kidneys. The pharmacological inhibition of SGLT2 co-transporters reduces hyperglycaemia by decreasing renal glucose threshold and thereby increasing urinary glucose excretion. The amount of glucose excreted in the urine depends on both the level of hyperglycaemia and the glomerular filtration rate. Results of numerous placebo-controlled randomised clinical trials of 12–104 weeks duration have shown significant reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), resulting in a significant increase in the proportion of patients reaching HbA1c targets, and a significant lowering of fasting plasma glucose when SGLT2 inhibitors were administered as monotherapy or in addition to other glucose-lowering therapies including insulin in patients with T2DM. In head-to-head trials of up to 2 years, SGLT2 inhibitors exerted similar glucose-lowering activity to metformin, sulphonylureas or sitagliptin. The durability of the glucose-lowering effect of SGLT2 inhibitors appears to be better; however, this remains to be more extensively investigated. The risk of hypoglycaemia was much lower with SGLT2 inhibitors than with sulphonylureas and was similarly low as that reported with metformin, pioglitazone or sitagliptin. Increased renal glucose elimination also assists weight loss and could help to reduce blood pressure. Both effects were very consistent across the trials and they represent some advantages for SGLT2 inhibitors when compared with other oral glucose-lowering agents. The pharmacodynamic response to SGLT2 inhibitors declines with increasing severity of renal impairment, and prescribing information for each SGLT2 inhibitor should be consulted regarding dosage adjustments or restrictions in moderate to severe renal dysfunction. Caution is also recommended in the elderly population because of a higher risk of renal impairment, orthostatic hypotension and dehydration, even if the absence of hypoglycaemia represents an obvious advantage in this population. The overall effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on the risk of cardiovascular disease is unknown and will be evaluated in several ongoing prospective placebo-controlled trials with cardiovascular outcomes. The impact of SGLT2 inhibitors on renal function and their potential to influence the course of diabetic nephropathy also deserve more attention. SGLT2 inhibitors are generally well-tolerated. The most frequently reported adverse events are female genital mycotic infections, while urinary tract infections are less commonly observed and generally benign. In conclusion, with their unique mechanism of action that is independent of insulin secretion and action, SGLT2 inhibitors are a useful addition to the therapeutic options available for the management of T2DM at any stage in the natural history of the disease. Although SGLT2 inhibitors have already been extensively investigated, further studies should even better delineate the best place of these new glucose-lowering agents in the already rich armamentarium for the management of T2DM.
A. J. Scheen has received lecture/advisor fees from AstraZeneca/BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Novartis, NovoNordisk, Sanofi-Aventis and Takeda.
European Medicines Agency. Assessment report. Forxiga (dapagliflozin). 2012. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002322/WC500136024.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2014.
European Medicines Agency. Assessment report. Invokana (canagliflozin). 2013. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Summary_for_the_public/human/002649/WC500156455.pdf. Accessed 27 Oct 2014.
European Medicines Agency. Assessment report. Jardiance. International non-proprietary name: empagliflozin. 2014. http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/EPAR_-_Public_assessment_report/human/002677/WC500168594.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2014.
Food and Drug Administration. Center for Drug Evaluation and Research report. Canagliflozin (Invokana). 2014. http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2013/204042Orig1s000ClinPharmR.pdf. Accessed 20 Oct 2014.
Janssen Research & Development, LLC. A study of the effects of canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) on renal endpoints in adult participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (CANVAS-R) [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01989754]. US National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials. gov. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01989754. Accessed 1 Dec 2014.
AstraZeneca. Multicenter trial to evaluate the effect of dapagliflozin on the incidence of cardiovascular events (DECLARE-TIMI58) [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01730534]. US National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01730534. Accessed 1 Dec 2014.
Janssen Research & Development, LLC. CANVAS – CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01032629]. US National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov. http://clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01032629. Accessed 1 Dec 2014.
Boehringer Ingelheim; Eli Lilly and Company. BI 10773 (Empagliflozin) cardiovascular outcome event trial in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (EMPA-REG OUTCOME) [ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT01131676]. US National Institutes of Health, ClinicalTrials.gov. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01131676. Accessed 1 Dec 2014.


text:
O H-I (ou H-1) foi um foguete japonês que voou entre 1986 e 1992. Era uma versão licenciada dos foguetes Delta estadunidense e podia ser lançado em três variantes:

Com 9 aceleradores e sem estágio superior de propelente sólido.
Com 6 aceleradores e com estágio superior de propelente sólido.
Com 9 aceleradores e com estágio superior de propelente sólido.

Os nove lançamentos de foguetes H-I, feitos todos a partir do Centro Espacial de Tanegashima, foram um sucesso, mas foi retirado de serviço pelo baixo rendimento econômico na hora de lançar satélites.

Histórico de lançamento

Veja também
Delta
N-I
N-II
H-II
H-IIA
PGM-17 Thor

Ligações externas
 Japanische Trägerraketen (em alemão)

Foguetes e mísseis
Veículos lançadores de satélites


text:
Q: Is that a bug in Swift Compiler? I write a protocol (in Xcode playground),and want it be conform by specified class , eg: Root.
Because I used Swift 4.1 , So there are new syntax for this :
protocol Delegate where Self:Root{
    var titleImage:UIImage? {get}
}

(PS:If you want to know more about this , please follow the link : How to make Swift protocol conformed by a specific kind of Class?)
And I also write class Root and Foo :
class Root:Delegate{
    var titleImage:UIImage?

    func willDo(){
        let foo = Foo()
        foo.delegate = self
        foo.invoke()
    }
}

class Foo{
    var delegate:Delegate!

    func invoke(){
        if let image = delegate.titleImage{
            print("have a image [\(image)")
        }else{
            print("not have a image")
        }
    }
}

Problem is that when I call :
let r = Root()
r.willDo()

Here are runtime error :

But when I changed Delegate code to this :
protocol Delegate{
    var titleImage:UIImage? {get}
}

That's all right!!! But it can't limited Delegate to be conform by class Root anymore!
Could anyone can tell me Why is it? Why when add " Self:Root " to Delegate will trigger a BAD_ACCESS Runtime error???
Is this a Bug in Swift or I misunderstand something???
Thanks a lot ;)

A: Add @objc when declaring your protocol
@objc protocol Delegate where Self: Root{
    var titleImage: UIImage? {get}
}

This is a current bug in swift so wrapping it in @objc should work


text:
Zionist Student Group Accuses UC Berkeley Middle East Center of Anti-Israel 'Indoctrination' [incl. Emily Gottreich, Miriam Elman, Tammi Rossman-Benjamin]
by Shiri Moshe
The Algemeiner
https://www.meforum.org/campus-watch/58007/zionist-student-group-accuses-uc-berkeley-middle
A Zionist student group has accused the Center for Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) at the University of California, Berkeley, of displaying bias against Israel, raising concerns over its use of federal funding.
In an online statement on Tuesday, Tikvah: Students for Israel maintained that the Center for Middle Eastern Studies (CMES) — a National Resource Center under the US Department of Education's Title VI program — has held more than two dozen Israel-related events since 2016, each one of which "has maliciously attempted to portray the democracy of Israel in a negative light."
The group pointed to a series of recent discussions, including one earlier this month on "The Israel Lobby and Anti-Semitism," where participants "publicly defended Ilhan Omar's anti-semitic comments and accusations of global Jewish conspiracies," according to Tikvah.
Despite this alleged focus on Israel, CMES refused to co-sponsor an upcoming campus talk with former Israeli Knesset member and Ambassador Danny Ayalon, Tikvah charged. "CMES is engaging in an anti-academic policy of indoctrination, and there is no room to view their one-sided hateful narrative as anything but an abuse of their platform."
Nathan Bentolila, president of Tikvah, told The Algemeiner that his team reached out to CMES about hosting Ayalon in early February, "and we received a reply stating that they prefer 'academic speakers' and that we should fill out a collaboration request form."
Ayalon is currently a visiting professor at Yeshiva University in New York, a position Bentolila said the students reiterated. We "filled out their speaker form, but ... received no reply even after following up," he shared.
When Tikvah co-hosted Harvard Law School Professor Emeritus Alan Dershowitz last year, "we were told that their calendar was full," Bentolila recalled. "They will never outright say no to an event, but when there is always a disingenuous excuse and they never host events that portray Israel in a fair way, we call into question the academic honesty and integrity of the department regarding Israel."
Tikvah members have taken part in several events hosted by CMES, "all of which had a negative undertone regarding Israel," he said. "One of our members was told to 'never trust information or sources originating in Israel' when discussing the Iran Deal."
While members did not necessarily attend every event, many of the gatherings hinted at their biases in advance through the chosen subject matter or speakers, he argued, pointing to a film series held early last year in partnership with the Arab Film Festival "on the 70th anniversary of Al-Nakba of 1948."
The Arabic term "Nakba" — literally meaning "catastrophe" — is used by Palestinians to refer to Arab displacements and other circumstances surrounding Israel's establishment in 1948.
"When an event titled 'Corruption in the Middle East' focuses entirely on corruption allegations against a democratically elected leader in Israel, you must ask yourself if the real goal of the event was to discuss actual corruption that is rampant in this region or to demonize Israel," he added. "The CMES claims to be one of the most important academic sources regarding the Arab world, Iran, Israel and Turkey ... yet they only give one perspective and are indoctrinating generations of students with a falsified image of Israel."
CMES chair Emily Gottreich, who signed a 2009 petition advising against establishing a UC study abroad program to Israel, did not respond to The Algemeiner's request for comment by press time.
A spokesperson for UC Berkeley distanced the school's administration from the allegations, saying that academic departments and research centers such as CMES are "under the authority of our faculty."
Miriam Elman — associate professor at Syracuse University and executive director of the Academic Engagement Network, which advocates against anti-Zionist bias in academia — expressed concerns following Tikvah's statement that CMES was failing to comply with its obligations as a National Resource Center.
"As a recipient of Title VI federal funding, the CMES @UCBerkeley is required to provide a diversity of viewpoints on the #MENA region," Elman wrote on Twitter. "It's obviously egregiously non-compliant."
"Unfortunately, Berkeley's CMES is not alone," Elman added in comments to The Algemeiner. "A number of our nation's 16 federally-funded Middle Eastern Studies centers are misusing tax-payer money ... to promote biased anti-Israel programming."
"Centers funded under Title VI are supposed to advance the interests of US national security and foreign relations, not create one-sided learning environments where diverse perspectives on critical issues are stifled," she argued.
Similar reservations were expressed by Alyza Lewin, president of the Louis D. Brandeis Center For Human Rights Under Law, which has for years "been concerned with the misuse of federal funds under Title VI of the Higher Education Opportunities Act."
"Funding is contingent upon the congressional requirement that programming must reflect 'diverse perspectives and a wide range of views,'" Lewin told The Algemeiner. "When Middle Eastern studies centers use their federal funds to promote biased, one-sided, anti-American and anti-Israel programming and then refuse to engage in or support pro-Israel programming, they undercut the purpose of Title VI."
Tammi Rossman-Benjamin, head of the campus antisemitism watchdog AMCHA Initiative, indicated that while she could not comment specifically on CMES, she was "not surprised" by Tikvah's concerns, pointing to a three-year study her group conducted on the Center for Near Eastern Studies (CNES) at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
"Our research found that between 2010-2013, CNES disproportionately focused on Israel and the Israeli-Arab conflict, with 93% of events on Israel being anti-Israel, and 75% displaying anti-Semitic discourse," she explained. "During that same period, CNES received $1.5 million from the Department of Education under Title VI."
"This type of behavior at UCLA, and the alleged behavior at Berkeley, completely distorts the scholarly and educational mission of any department and is a violation of the Higher Education Act," she said.
Related Topics: Boycott, Divestment, and Sanctions (BDS), Title VI, University of California, Berkeley, University of California, Los Angeles receive the latest by email: subscribe to the free mef mailing list