Last week we started looking at Testing Laravel 4 Models. The validation tests we wrote for the User model are really easy to write because we are only testing very simply functionality. However, in the grand scheme of a full application, we are going to have to write some much more intricate tests.
One such example of this is when we are testing the relationships between Models. For example, in Cribbb, each Post belongs to a User. In order to create a Post, we need an instance of a User. In order to quickly instantiate an instance of a User, we can use a Fixture Replacement.
In this tutorial I'm going to be looking at using Fixture Replacement to quickly create instances of other Models within our tests.
Update: The following tutorial has been updated to reflect the 2.0 release of FactoryMuff (now called Factory Muffin).
Fixture Replacement is a way to quickly create instances of Model objects. So instead of actually having to create an instance of a certain Model, Fixture Replacement can quickly create one for you.
The $user Model object will be a real instance of the User Model filled with real test data, but it saves you from actually having to create it yourself.
The real power of Fixture Replacement is when you have Models that are related to other Models. For example, in order to create a Post, we need a User object. When you create an instance of a Model object using Fixture Replacement, the Model relationships are also created too. This makes Fixture Replacement perfect for writing automated tests.
Factory Muffin is a Fixture Replacement package that allows you to quickly create instances of Models. Factory Muffin is actually based on the very popular factory_girl gem, which I really like.
Before we can start using our fixtures in our tests, first we have to define a model factory so Factory Muffin knows exactly how you want your model object to look.
The second argument is an array where you can specify how you want the properties of the model to be filled.
Factory Muffin's fake data is generated via the excellent Faker package. I've used Fake in a number of projects to generate fake data for populating databases, it is truly a fantastic package. To see the full spectrum of the fake data you can generate I would urge you to have a look at the GitHub repository.
As I mentioned in the introduction to this post, I find fixtures to be incredibly useful when I need to create an entity as well as it's related entities.
For example, I need to create a Post object and it's related User object, it would be useful if I could do that automatically, rather than manually creating and saving the two objects in the test.
Fortunately Factory Muffin can handle this for us.
To define a relationship in Factory Muffin, simply specify the factory option and pass the name of the related entity.
Now if you create a new Post instance, the returned object will automatically have an instance of User through the relationship.
Now that we know how to define our fixtures, we are ready to start using them in our tests.
Note: I'm aliasing the Facade to FactoryMuffin in the example above.
The setupBeforeClass() method will automatically include our factory definitions earlier so they are available during the tests.
And there you have it, using Factory Muffin, we can dramatically reduce the amount of code we have to write when writing tests. Fixture replacement makes quickly creating instances of models really easy, and it will save you a lot of hassle in the long run.
You will probably find that you require fixtures quite a bit when you are testing your application as a whole. Being able to very quickly generate model objects and their related entities is a blessing as it means you can create realistic objects on-the-fly without having to deal with that "infrastructure" in your tests.


Dodgers Blue Heaven: Welcome to the Dodgers, Tony Gwynn Jr. and Tim Cates!
Welcome to the Dodgers, Tony Gwynn Jr. and Tim Cates!
The Dodgers made a couple announcement this afternoon, but it's not news from the player-side. Instead, they let us know of a couple new additions to their broadcast staff - one of whom you should already know. I'd like to extend a warm Dodgers Blue Heaven welcome to former Dodgers outfielder Tony Gwynn Jr. (twitter: @tonygwynnjr) and longtime sports broadcaster Tim Cates (twitter: @timcates).
The 33-year-old Gwynn Jr. played eight seasons in the Major Leagues for the Brewers (2006-08), Padres (2009-10), Dodgers (2011-12) and Phillies (2014). In 685 career games, the San Diego native stole 80 bases, including a career-high 22 with Los Angeles in 2011. He had his best year in 2009, hitting .270 with a career-high 106 hits for the Padres.
DodgerTalk can be heard Monday through Friday from 7 p.m. to 8 p.m. during spring training and following each game beginning with the "Freeway Series" exhibition games with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim starting Friday, March 31 and through the 2016 season.
A UCLA graduate, Cates has worked in sports talk radio for almost 20 years, covering the NBA Finals, World Series, Super Bowl and NCAA Final Fours, and serving as a producer, reporter and host on Fox Sports Radio Network and AM 570 LA Sports. Most recently, Cates has hosted UCLA football and basketball pregame and postgame shows, and can also be heard as the studio host for Compass Media Networks coverage of the Oakland Raiders and NCAA football and basketball.
In celebration of them joining the Dodgers I made the above two fantasy Baseball cards. For the Gwynn Jr. card on the left I using a photo taken by Jon SooHoo during Spring Training in 2013 and the 1964 Topps Baseball card design. For the Cates card I grabbed a photo taken by Ross A. Benson for a MyBurbank.com story and the 1968 Topps Baseball card design.
Labels: Card Creations, DodgerTalk, Tim Cates, Tony Gwynn Jr.


Sanctband Active Series Spidercord, features a unique 4 loop design with handles. This creates resistance from 8 lengths of tubing. The 4 loops naturally allow for easy anchoring between both hands and feet, making it especially ideal for compound movements involving both upper and lower body.
An upright row to strengthen the biceps and shoulders is given the added challenge of balancing while abducting 1 leg to work the lateral stabilizers of the hip.
A static bicep curl is teamed with 2 lower body movements, the side squat and the back lunge, for added complexity.
The Spidercord can also be used for floor based exercise. Here is a V - sit to strengthen the abdominals, while working the rear shoulder muscles to stabilize and resist the increased tension created by the legs as they extend.
Performing this upright row with both legs hovering, is a very challenging core conditioning exercise that works the shoulders and biceps at the same time.
The Spidercord can also be anchored from the middle as we can see here with this seated row. Performed by holding 2 handles and stepping through the middle with 1 foot.
Holding 2 handles in each hand, quadruples the amount of resistance. This seated chest press is extremely challenging. The same exercise can be modified and scaled down by just holding 1 handle in each hand instead of 2.


text:
'use strict';

angular.module('core').controller('UpdateCardDetailsController', ['$scope',
	function($scope, $modalInstance) {

        $scope.colorOptions = ['5CB85C','FFEB13','FF0000'];

        $scope.card = {};
        $scope.editTitle = false;

        $scope.editingDetails = false;
        $scope.editingTitle = false;

        $scope.cancel = function() {

        };

        $scope.update =  function(card) {
            console.log(card.title);
        };

        $scope.$on('OpenCardDetails', function(e, column,card) {
            console.log('in broadcasted event');
            console.log(column.name);
            $scope.card = card;

            $scope.editingDetails = false;
            $scope.editingTitle = false;

            $scope.showCardDetails = true;
        });
	}
]);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Eastern Daily Press > Things to do
Youth band join Guards for anniversary
Celia Wigg
Published: 7:00 AM November 12, 2004
CELIA WIGG An award-winning Norfolk youth band will be giving a joint concert in Norwich with the Dragoon Guards, as part of its 30th anniversary celebrations.
An award-winning Norfolk youth band will be giving a joint concert in Norwich with the Dragoon Guards today as part of its 30th anniversary celebrations.
South Norfolk Youth Symphonic Band is based at Diss and has 90 members aged between seven and 23, of all abilities, who come together for the sheer enjoyment of making music.
Over the years, the group has raised thousands of pounds for charities, performing in the UK and Europe under the guidance of founder and musical director Mike Booty, an ex-Royal Marine.
Yesterday, the young musicians, who come from south Norfolk and north Suffolk, joined the Band of the Dragoon Guards at their base at Swanton Morley for workshops and rehearsals. The performance is at 7.30pm today at the King's Centre in King Street.
Mr Booty said: "We are excited about playing with the Band of the Dragoon Guards and the concert is guaranteed to be one of quality.
10 Music-loving dad whose ashes were fired into festival crowd took own life
"The experience that everyone gains from ventures such as this helps develop and encourage young people to continue music.
"One of our senior members has just joined the Army as a musician and several others want to follow this career path.
"This will be the third military band we have played with this year and we are proud about the association.
"Music for young wind band players is alive and well in south Norfolk and I hope it continues long after I hang my baton up."
Captain Leigh Sharpe, the Dragoons' director of music, added: "Although our thoughts are with our colleagues on other duties at present, we see this as an extremely valuable and superb opportunity.
"Young people are the future of army music and this type of ven-ture gives them first-hand exper-ience of the opportunities avail-able, and standards required."
It is only the second time the youngsters have played with the Dragoon Guards and it is hoped this will become a regular event.
The concert will feature more than 100 musicians.
Tickets priced at £5, concessions £4, are available in advance from Jane Trippett-Jones on 01379 652352, or on the door.
Numbers are restricted and advance purchase is advised.
South Norfolk Youth Symphonic Band meets at 7pm on Tuesdays at Diss Resource Centre in Shelfanger Road. For details, call Mike Booty on 01379 641580, or band secretary Gerald Ward on 01953 788142.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Signage is a mode of communicating a specific message to the viewer more so for promotional reasons. These messages are placed in areas which have maximum viewership such as street junctions or in the interiors or exterior areas of commercial centres or buildings. They can be in the form of billboards, banners, murals and also include smaller forms like street signs, lawn signs etc. In today's age of digitization there is greater tendency to use electronic or digital displays. Signage is to be differentiated from labeling which is being used mainly for the purposes of imparting useful information. Signage is not restricted to mere provision of information it has several other functional roles to play.
Persuading or swaying users towards a particular product or service by extolling the merits of the same or the company manufacturing it is one purpose. Indicating directions to certain facilities, services and functional areas through arrow signs or sign posts is another function. Identification signs, dynamic navigational signs or regulatory signs are some other examples of the purposes served by signage.


Why does a quarterback lick his fingers before throwing the football? My mouse is constantly licking my fingers!? The cadense is made up of three parts: This is especially true during cold games on which the ball gets harder to grip. How much should I pay my lawyer to settle a At times you watched through your fingers as the Chelsea defence was opened up and Roma triumphed As kids we would "Mark one up so it doesn't drip," licking your finger and drawing a line from bottom to top.
Can a quarterback throw the ball to anyone?
Most ball handlers use low tops for speed and flexibility to make cuts and drive past defenders. It's blatantly obvious they do it for better grip purposes. What does the quarterback yell when playing football? Why do basketball players swipe at the bottom of their sneakers? Wrestling shoes use thin ,breathable material. If you are trying to finger her for the first time, you have more chances to get everything you want if you're really self-confident and charismatic person. This solution is purely folklore.
Caroline. Age: 18. Even SEXIER in person!!
Most of the time defenses don't need to count Jake's cow licks; they can just look for an empty backfield or a running back split down and wide into an H-back position. No offensive lineman is eligible to catch a pass. Thread Modes So many players licking their fingers! The next day I woke up to find both legs completely healed and no signs that I had ever had poison ivy. While not harmful in the mouth, Pasteurella can cause serious infections when introduced deep into an open wound.
Totti and Garcia are the only ones I have seen do it though. She needs to develope thick skin like the other confused gaalos on this site if she wants to be around because she will be continually karbashed until she pays a farewell to this site. Originally Posted by portis Be careful and considerate and he will be able to express himself eventually. Tap here to turn on desktop notifications to get the news sent straight to you.
HOT thick wife love getting gang fucked!
She looks very familiar. Does anybody know her name? PM me with this link if you do.
Who is the chick with the black hair??
they just don't make women like the did in these days.
The girl in the pink stockings looks so much hotter!


text:
Marketing Mix of Companies ›
UnitedHealth Group Marketing Mix (4Ps) Strategy
Posted in Services, Total Reads: 2843
Marketing Mix of UnitedHealth Group analyses the brand/company which covers 4Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) and explains the UnitedHealth Group marketing strategy. The article elaborates the pricing, advertising & distribution strategies used by the company.
Let us start the UnitedHealth Group Marketing Mix:
The product strategy and mix in UnitedHealth Group marketing strategy can be explained as follows:
UnitedHealth offers their products through two business platforms to serve about 70 million people across the United States. UnitedHealthcare is a Health Benefits platform which serves different markets in different geographic regions. The company offers a broad range of health benefit products to individuals, families, employers and others. UnitedHealth offer health coverage, dental and vision coverage, Medicare and Medicaid plans, global health solutions, value based care and more as part of their marketing mix product strategy. Optum is a new addition to the group which is a Health Services platform that focuses on improving the health care system and provides software and information products. Optum provides population health management, advisory consulting services and BPO services to the customers. It is a digital branch of the group that provides the soft-wares to monitor health.
Image: company website
Below is the pricing strategy in UnitedHealth Group marketing strategy:
UnitehHealth offer a varying range of services. Prices vary for health care coverage/ products offered by UnitedHealth group. Price of plans are dependent upon on the type of coverage customer approve for. Customers vary from individuals to families, employers, physicians and brokers. United health group envisages to reduce the cost of health benefits. The company has Government Health Programs, Private health coverage, Municipal health coverage in United States.
Following is the distribution strategy of UnitedHealth Group:
UnitedHealth Group is present in United States. The company serves key markets areas and in different geographic locations. UnitedHealth Group offers its services of Medicaid beneficiaries into different 24 states of United States. UnitedHealth Group also targets international market as they haven't penetrated other countries when compared to the US market. UnitedHealth care global is also reaching to markets in Brazil, India, Portugal and UK. This covers the place strategy for its marketing mix.
The promotional and advertising strategy in the UnitedHealth Group marketing strategy is as follows:
UnitedHealth Care has its digital presence in social media accounts through Facebook, Twitter, You Tube, LinkedIn and RSS. UnitedHealth Group has broad variety of services such as Rally, your 24-Hour Nurse, Virtual Visits, Cost estimator. The Innovative tools used by the group also help in managing claims, tracking expenses, record and store family health information securely. UnitedHealth Group also promotes its products via the internet websites television ads, print ads in magazines and newspapers. Business Wire offers UnitedHealth Group mobile alerts. The company's philanthropic CSR efforts offer solutions to persistent health challenges. The group's customers also help communities by volunteering and contributing time and financial aids throughout the year. 'CelebrateOne' is a United Health Foundation Program which is focused on reducing Infant Mortality Rates(IMR).
Since this is a service marketing brand, here are the other three Ps to make it the 7Ps marketing mix of UnitedHealth.
UnitedHealth Group provides health care solutions to about 70 million people across the United States. The company has 200,000 total number of employees serving in the health care market. Nearly 65 million people benefit from the pharmacy care services provided under the OptumRx. The company is growing stronger every day.
UnitedHealth Group distributes its products through consultants and direct sales. The company employs the consultants to distribute the plans to its large customers. The company also hires wholesale agents that work on contract basis with health insurance companies. The company has state and community based insurance business. They also have contracts with state governments to offer health care services to Medicaid beneficiaries in return of payments.
Physical Evidence:
The company's office is at UnitedHealth Group, Minneapolis. The company's website is a showcase for all its services and its ease of use is effective for the customers. All these factors complete the marketing mix of UnitedHealth.
UnitedHealth Group Inc.
UnitedHealth was founded by a group of physicians who wanted to expand health coverage options for consumers. In 1984, the company became a publicly traded company. UnitedHealth Group Inc. is based in Minnesota, United States. UnitedHealth provides health coverage to patients suffering from Diabetes and Cancer and other diseases. The company's aim is to provide quality care to its customers at reduced cost.
Browse 4Ps Analysis of more brands and companies similar to UnitedHealth Group Marketing Mix. The Marketing Mix section covers 4Ps and 7Ps of more than 300 brands in 2 categories.
Search & Explore : Marketing Mix
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The names and other brand information used in the Marketing Mix section are properties of their respective companies. The companies are not associated with MBASkool in any way. The brand names are used purely for educational/academic purpose only.
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text:
Reiya Downs
Married Biography / Biography / Reiya Downs
Reiya Downs Bio, Affair, Single, Net Worth, Ethnicity, Age, Nationality, Height
(actress, television personality)
Source: PopSugar
Quick Facts of Reiya Downs
Ontario, Toronto, Canada
Height / How tall :
Jamaican, Cherokee, African-Canadian
actress, television personality
Elle Downs
Relationship Facts of Reiya Downs
Reiya Downs is not having an affair with anyone presently.
Her sexual orientation is straight.
Talking about her relationship details, Reiya Downs is possibly single and she might not be dating anyone at the moment. She seems to be focused on her career and professional life.
Moreover, Reiya has been secretive towards her relationship details and affairs news. She has kept her personal profile low-key.
Facts/ Trivia
Her birth sign is Virgo.
Her birth name is Reiya West Downs.
Reiya portrayed the role of the daughter of her real-life mother, Elle Downs in Degrassi: The Next Generation.
She likes the TV show named Once Upon a Time.
Her real-life mother Elle performed the role of Shay's mother Mrs. Powers.
In 2013, Reiya featured as Minerva Mayo in the television show and video game, Time Tremors.
1 Who is Reiya Downs?
2 Reiya Downs- Age, Parents, Siblings, Ethnicity, Education
3 Reiya Downs- Professional Life, Careers
4 Reiya Downs- Net worth, Salary
5 Reiya Downs- Rumors, Controversy
6 Body features- Height, Weight
7 Social Media
Who is Reiya Downs?
Reiya Downs is a well-recognized Canadian actress and television personality. Downs is widely famed for her role in the hit teen series, Degrassi: The Next Generation and Degrassi: Next Class.
Moreover, she also performed in the television show and video game, Time Tremors as Minero Mayo.
Reiya Downs- Age, Parents, Siblings, Ethnicity, Education
Reiya Downs was born on 31 August 1999. At present, she is 22 years young star. Likewise, her birthplace is Ontario, Toronto, Canada.
Reiya is the daughter of her mother, Elle Downs whereas her father's information is still unknown. Moreover, she has a sister named Riele Downs who is a well-known actress.
Talking about her nationality, Downs holds a Canadian identity whereas her ethnicity is Jamaican, Cherokee, African-Canadian.
Regarding education, the star might be well-educated. She has not mentioned her academic background to the public till now.
Reiya Downs- Professional Life, Careers
Reiya debuted in the acting industry performing in the 2005 movie, Four Brothers where she portrayed the role of Daniela Mercer. Her sister, Reile also appeared in the film in 2005.
Since then, she has appeared in The Jon Dore Television Show, 'Da Kink in My Hair, The Border, ReGenesis, Chili & Cheese: A Condimental Rift, and so on.
Some of her remarkable roles in series are Doodlebops Rockin' Road Show, Nikita in 2010, Time Tremors in 2013. She has also made her appearance in the Time Tremors video game in 2013.
Reiya is widely famed for her appearance in the teen series, Degrassi: The Next Generation series which she joined in 2014. The actress portrayed the offered role for Shay Powers.
Shay suffers from the upcoming pressures of applying for college while also getting pressure to have s*x with her boyfriend.
Additionally, Downs has performed since the 14th season of the first incarnation. Altogether, the star has appeared in 30 episodes till now. Reiya has also featured in Degrassi: Next Class, Degrassi: Next Cass Webisodes, Degrassi: Don't Look Back, and so on.
Reiya Downs- Net worth, Salary
A famed Canadian star, Downs has earned a handsome amount of money from her profession. She lives a quality lifestyle along with her family.
It is reported that Reiya Downs has an estimated net worth of $100k-$500k.
However, the actress has not disclosed her exact salary, earnings, and assets details till now.
Reiya Downs- Rumors, Controversy
Reiya has never been part of any controversial matter or rumors till now. The star has been preoccupied with her professional and private life.
It seems that Downs prefers enjoying her personal life and does not want to merge it with her professional life.
Body features- Height, Weight
22 years young star, Reiya has beautiful looks and an admirable personality. She stands at a height of 5feet 3inches. Also, she has a balanced body weight of 50 kg.
Furthermore, Downs has brown eyes whereas her hair is black.
Nevertheless, the actress has never mentioned other physical details in the public yet.
Regarding her social media presence, Reiya Downs is an active personality on social media. Reiya has more than 155k followers on her official Instagram account @reiyadowns.
She is also active on Twitter with around 6.6k followers.
Moreover, Downs is also available on Facebook with nearly 4.1k fans and supporters.
Click here to know about Anne Clutz, Ash Cash, and Adam LZ.
Ehren Kassam
Tags : Canadian Actress Television Personality
Avi Angel
Tilly Ramsay
Sara Davies
Chad Ochocinco
Doodie Lo
Anne-Sophie Petit


text:
The Quantitative Determination of Phytocannabinoids in Hemp Oils Using HPLC with UV Detection
Craig Young, Bob Clifford
Cannabis Science and Technology, June/July 2018, Volume 1, Issue 2
Medical marijuana generally possesses high levels of the psychotropic tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) and lower levels of the nonpsychotropic cannabidiol (CBD). Pain mitigation and reduced severity of nausea and seizures are just a few of the therapeutic benefits reported by medical cannabis patients. Conversely, hemp contains high levels of CBD and lower levels (generally less than 0.3%) of THC. CBD has been reported to reduce or eliminate pain, stress, depression, inflammation, and headaches.
To complicate matters, there is evidence that a combination of CBD, a host of other minor cannabinoids, and a complex array of terpenoids may provide the most benefit—called the entourage effect (1). Both free and esterified sterols and triterpenes have been identified in cannabis and hemp, among which β-sitosterol and β-amyrin have been shown to have antibacterial properties (2). CBD-rich oil has become increasingly popular and is administered via sublingual drops, gel capsules, or as a topical ointment.
The main source of CBD-rich oil is industrial hemp. Hemp is considered a rustic plant because it is frost resistant, adapts to poor soil, reproduces easily, and does not require chemical fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, or fungicides to thrive. A hemp crop tends to resist mildew and requires less water than cotton. Hemp textiles are considered softer than cotton.
CBD oil is derived as concentrate from carbon dioxide or butane extraction of hemp, sometimes followed by steam distillation or ethanol distillation for purification. The Farm Bill of 2014 distinguishes hemp from marijuana, yet interpreting the law is difficult in that "CBD oil" may be classified as marijuana. Various forms of hemp oil may be purchased online.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued warning letters against unproven claims to some companies that market products containing CBD. As part of these actions, the FDA has determined the cannabinoid content of some hemp products and many were found to contain levels of CBD that are very different from the label claim. It is important to note that such products are not approved by the FDA for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of any disease (3).
The literature indicates more than 90 phytocannabinoids in cannabis and hemp (4). Only a handful are common targets of analysis for medical potency because they are the most abundant. Like cannabis, hemp oil may be analyzed easily and effectively for its cannabinoid content. This work presents the quantitative determination of 11 important cannabinoids, including the predominate CBD (Figure 1), in various hemp oils. (See upper right for Figure 1, click to enlarge; Figure 1: Cannabinoids found in hemp and marijuana.)
Standard Curves
Using a comprehensive mixture of 11 cannabinoids (Shimadzu Part #220-91239-21; 250 µg/mL), standard curves were prepared for each target analyte with a minimum acceptable correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.999 over six standard levels. A linear dynamic range was established at 0.5–100 mg/L (ppm) in each analyte.
Instrument and Chromatographic Conditions
Instrument: Shimadzu LC-2030C UV (Cannabis Analyzer for Potency)
Column: Shimadzu NexLeaf CBX for Potency (150 mm x 4.6 mm, 2.7-μm dp)
Guard column: Shimadzu NexLeaf CBX Guard
Mobile-phase A: 0.09% phosphoric acid in water
Mobile-phase B: 0.09% phosphoric acid in acetonitrile
Gradient: B concentration 70% (initial) →95% (8 min)
Flow rate: 1.5 mL/min
Column temperature: 35 °C
Injection volume: 5 μL
Detection: 220 nm
Hemp Oil Sample Preparation
Hemp oils are typically rich in CBD, with relatively minor concentrations of other cannabinoids. All cannabinoid targets have a linear dynamic range, above which the detector response ceases to be linear with concentration. Accurate quantitation relies on the detector response to the analyte lying within the calibration range. Therefore, two dilution factors were used, depending on the quantitative goal. One dilution factor yielded the appropriate detector sensitivity to the array of minor cannabinoids. A second, higher dilution factor was established for the most accurate quantitation of the major CBD component so that it's response was within the established quantitative dynamic range established for that analyte. In practice, it was found that the two approaches yielded quantitative values for CBD that agreed within 0.2%.
A. Quantitative Total Cannabinoids
Add 400 µL of isopropanol to a 2-mL glass vial
Add 10 µL of hemp oil sample and completely dissolve
Agitate for 30 s
Add 400 µL of methanol to the mixture
Filter the mixture through a 0.2-µm PTFE syringe filter into a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) vial
(Note: Total dilution factor 81X)
B. Quantitative CBD Only
Add 800 µL of methanol to a 2-mL glass vial
Add 200 µL of the part A mixture
(Note: Total dilution factor 405X)
Five hemp oils were tested in this study; they were purchased from various mail-order vendors. The appearance and label information for three of the five appear in Figure 2, referenced as black, blue, and green. (See upper right for Figure 2, click to enlarge; Figure 2: Hemp oil 1, black label, label claim: 23 mg per serving; 100 servings per 100 mL; calculation of label claim: 23,000 µg/mL or 2.3%. Hemp oil 2, blue label, 500 mg per 30 mL, calculation of label claim: 16,666 µg/mL or 1.7%. Hemp oil 3, green label, 15 mg per 1 serving per 0.5 mL = 15 mg/0.5 mL, calculation of label claim: 30,000 µg/mL or 3.0%.) The two other samples tested but not pictured are referred to as red and yellow.
Qualitative Analysis of Hemp Oils
Chromatograms for hemp oils 1 (black), 2 (blue), and 3 (green) appear in Figure 3. (See upper right for Figure 3, click to enlarge; Figure 3: (a) Hemp oil 1 (black), total cannabinoids (81x dilution). (b) Hemp oil 1 (black), CBD only (405x dilution). (c) Hemp oil 2 (blue), total cannabinoids (81x dilution). (d) Hemp oil 2 (blue), CBD only (405x dilution). (e) Hemp oil 3 (green), total cannabinoids (81x dilution). (f) Hemp oil 3 (green), CBD only (405x dilution).) Peak labels appear for only those cannabinoids identified in the sample.
Quantitative Results Summary for Hemp Oils
The astute reader may correctly ask about the noncannabinoid constituents in the sample and how they may influence the chromatography. As the sample preparation presented here is essentially a simple dilution of the oil sample into injectable form, nothing is done to separate cannabinoids from terpenes, phenolics, or pigment compounds. Under the reversed-phase chromatography conditions used here, any pigment compounds emerge early in the chromatography.
The sum total terpene content of hemp and cannabis is 1–3% (2), comprising possibly hundreds of terpenoids. As for chemistry, many triterpenes and sesquiterpenes have similar polarities to the cannabinoids and are expected to retain on the analytical column to similar degrees as the cannabinoids. Within the detection limits of this work, any terpenoids are undetectable, essentially lost in the baseline.
Tables I and II summarize the quantitative findings for the samples studied. Table I reflects the accurate quantitation of CBD using the higher dilution factor (405X). (See upper right for Table I, click to enlarge; Table I: Summary of CBD quantitative determination for five hemp oils.) Table II reflects the quantitation of the comprehensive target list. (See upper right for Table II, click to enlarge; Table II: Summary of total cannabinoids quantitative determination.)
As a general sample observation, hemp oils 1 (black) and 2 (blue) exhibited a transparent, weak-yellow or green coloration. Our assumption was that each of these is a product of multistep purification after extraction; for example, carbon dioxide or butane extraction followed by steam distillation. Notably, hemp oil 3 (green) was opaque brown or green and gritty in appearance. It also had the most intense smell—a distinctly "earthy" odor. Accordingly, our assumption was that the sample was the result of crude extraction only, with no further refinement.
It is important to note that it has been reported in the literature that the whole plant can be more beneficial to the consumer because it contains not only the cannabinoids, but also an array of terpenes providing a synergistic whole plant benefit. The whole plant can also provide essential fatty acids, plant sterols for lowering cholesterol, and antioxidants chlorophyll and vitamin E.
Hemp oils 1 (black) and 2 (blue) showed high ratios of CBD to total cannabinoids, both at 92%, and the lowest quantity of other cannabinoids. This finding supported the assumption, along with transparency and color, that these oils were the more highly purified samples. Both samples also tested close to label claim at 95% and 92%, respectively.
Hemp oil 3 (green) revealed the highest content of CBD and total cannabinoids, yet exhibited the lowest ratio of CBD to total cannabinoids (59%). This observation is consistent with the assumption that its crude appearance reflected the least amount of post-extraction purification. Although its CBD percent of label claim tested the lowest (81%), this sample did contain the highest level of CBD compared to all other oils tested.
Hemp oils 4 (red) and 5 (yellow) tested higher than label claim at 122% and 200%, respectively. The observation is consistent with FDA findings for CBD products, perhaps calling into question the type and accuracy of testing used to justify label claims.
In summary, all samples contained less Δ9-THC than the amount allowed by law (0.3%). Also, all samples showed an array of other cannabinoids, but the minor component, THC-V, was not detected in any of the hemp oil samples. From a quality control point of view, two samples were within a reasonable range of the label claim at ±10%. One sample was well below label claim and two other samples were well above the label claims, one by as much as 200%. When purchasing CBD oils, one should consider
label claim,
actual concentration,
the quality control from batch to batch,
other cannabinoids of importance,
whole plant complexity, and
the selling price.
E.B, Russo, Br. J. Pharmacol. 163, 1344–1364 (2011).
C.M. Andre, J.F. Hausman, and G. Guerriero, "Cannabis Sativa: the Plant of the Thousand and One Molecules," Frontiers in plant science, frontiersin.org (2016).
US Food and Drug Administration, Warning Letters: https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/publichealthfocus/ucm484109.htm (FDA, Rockville, Maryland).
M.A. ElSohly and D. Slade, Life Sci. 78, 539–548 (2005).
Craig Young, MS, is the HPLC product manager for Shimadzu Scientific Instruments in Columbia, Maryland. Bob Clifford, PhD, is the general manager for Shimadzu Scientific Instruments. Direct correspondence to: csyoung@shimadzu.com
C. Young and B. Clifford, Cannabis Science and Technology 1(2), 38-43 (2018).
Download Issue : June/July 2018


Just trying to give my take on things and hopefully someone will find that to be helpful!
My boyfriend is a bit of a Breaking Bad 'enthusiast.' (Nicer word than geek, but he's a geek) He sends me links to thinkgeek all the time and generally I smile and nod but his birthday is coming up this weekend so I looked back at all of the old links and ordered a bunch of stuff o ThinkGeek.
I couldn't be more pleased. Things were reasonably priced which is rare for items that are show branded generally. My items were all shipped in one box, and I received them in only about 3 business days I believe. Plenty of time before his birthday and I have a feeling he is going to be very happy with all these geeked out gifts!
if you have a tedious task you just don't want to spend the time one, 5$ will get it done on fiverr. a brilliant concept and a great way to crowd source simple work. i use it often and for the most part get quality work done that is really worth the money.
this is my go to site for checking up on the weather updates. with this insane winter we have been having i'v had to constantly check if i'll be able to get to work in the morning. the constant updates on this site have really helped me stay on the top of it.
ebay is a good way to shop used and/or cheap items. as long as you stick to a reputable seller. ebays insurance policy makes it a safe way to shop. when im looking for a specialty item, this is the place to go.
great source for movie knowledge! look up my favorite actors and find new movie's with them!
best way to keep in touch with my family oversea's. call quality is based on the internet of course but when it's good it's great!
i planned a great trip using kayak, it gives you great cheap options on hotels and flights. the app is great too!
I don't really have a problem with this website. Easy to use - and now they allow you to use the groupon as soon as you buy it, no more waiting 24 hours.
My sister and I own a nutrition & personal training company, and although it's small, we were having trouble keeping up with the books. I was using quickboks, but honestly I had no idea what I was doing. I reached out to GoodAccountants.com and they set us up with a CPA named Jill Kopka, and I am writing this review hoping someone sees it, because she is the best! My sister and I now have more time for our business, and leave the finances to our trusty accountant.
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I love to blog. I just like to get my thoughts out into the world, whether or not people are reading it. Blogging is the new journal, and I loved my journal. Blogger is so easy and simple to both set up and use I really don't have anything bad to say. I wish there was a little more customization but what can you do.
I am a sports fan and am often directed to BleacherReport.com when I am looking up information and I have to say that I am NOT a fan. Their style of posts with slideshows that go on for way too long is off putting and then getting back to previous pages is a hassle because you have to go back through each page of the slideshow. I would rather not have the information then have to get it through bleacherreport.
They definitely have the right idea with hunts4freebies.com, I mean who doesn't like getting things for free right? Their interface isn't the prettiest which is a bit of a turnoff, and their use of ads is obnoxious because sometimes it gets confusing which are the really free products and which are just advertisements.
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I am obsessed with etsy and everyone on it! I love do it yourself projects and crafts so when I see the creativity that goes into some of the etsy shops out there I just get giddy.
I would have given it 5 stars but I have been having problems with the app crashing on me which is obviously frustrating.


text:
Francisca Josefa de la Concepción de Castillo, née le  à Tunja et morte le , est une religieuse et une mystique d'origine Criolla.

Biographie

Francisca Josefa de Castillo y Guevara est née dans une famille aisée dans le Royaume de Nouvelle-Grenade qui devient plus tard la Colombie. Son père, Francisco Ventura de CastiIlo y Toledo, un colon hidalgo originaire d'Illescas en Espagne, est d'abord nommé lieutenant général de la ville puis maire. Sa mère, María Guevara Niño y Rojas, est une criolla native de Tunja mais dont les origines sont basques . Francisca Josefa a deux sœurs et un frère dont les noms sont Catalina, (le prénom de la seconde sœur est oublié) et Pedro Antonio Diego.

À 18 ans, elle entre au  situé dans sa ville. Après deux ans comme laïque puis comme novice, elle prononce ses vœux le  et devient clarisse. Elle passe le reste de sa vie dans ce couvent dont elle est nommée abbesse de la communauté à trois reprises.

Œuvres

Postérité
Première femme écrivain de Colombie, ses écrits dévotionnels et autobiographiques sont publiés à titre posthume.

Son travail a été étudié par Dario Achury Valenzuela, Constanza Toquica, Ángela Inés Robledo, Antonio Gómez Restrepo, Elisa Mújica, José María Vergara y Vergara et Daniel Alejandro Montes, entre autres, qui la reconnaissent comme l'une des écrivaines les plus éminentes de la littérature coloniale colombienne.

Références

Bibliographie

Liens externes

Naissance en octobre 1671
Écrivain du XVIIIe siècle
Femme de lettres colombienne
Décès en août 1742
Religieuse catholique du XVIIIe siècle
Clarisse
Nom en religion
Décès à 70 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Beginning of a dialog window, including tabbed navigation to registry an story or communicative in to an existing account. some enrolment and sign in assist using google and facebook accounts.
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text:
Thomas Suddes: Strickland's budget sure doesn't favor Democratic supporters
Feb 8, 2009 at 12:01 AM Feb 8, 2009 at 12:50 PM
Gov. Ted Strickland's proposed state budget might offer Republicans and electric and gas utilities a sweeter deal than it offers his fellow Democrats. What's more, all the one-time money in the governor's plan almost guarantees tax increases in 2011.
Some paradoxes in Strickland's proposal, especially as to school funding, might be unavoidable because of the math of a new school-aid formula and a tax rule in the Ohio Constitution. Even so, if Strickland gets what he wants, Democratic House Speaker Armond Budish's hometown school district, Beachwood City Schools, wouldn't get a penny more from the state in September than it got last September, and in September 2010, Beachwood's state aid would drop 2 percent. The same would happen -- no new state money this fall, a 2 percent cut in 2010 -- to Trimble Local School District, near Athens. According to the state Department of Taxation, the district has less property value per pupil than any other in the state. For Democrats who've waled on Republicans all these years for supposed heartlessness on school funding, that's hard to explain away.
Meanwhile, Medina City Schools, in House Republican Leader William Batchelder's hometown, would see a 15 percent rise in state aid come September and 5 percent more in 2010. Maybe Batchelder's caucus should declare victory and go home to tend to spring planting. Granted, Medina is growing; the others aren't. But spenders always insist that public-school costs don't fall when enrollment falls.
Strickland also wants to help school boards cut down on the number of levy elections. According to a state Office of Budget and Management summary, levy elections, held too often, lead to "voter suspicion of the motives of school officials" (We can't have that!). So Strickland wants to give voters power to let real-estate taxes on their homes increase without necessarily holding a levy election. There's a way to do that now, but it's more complicated than Queen Elizabeth's family tree.
If a district's voters did take up Strickland's offer of so-called conversion levies, taxes on their homes would rise. But also thanks to a conversion levy and its interplay with the Ohio Constitution, property taxes would fall on the school district's commercial property (malls, office parks, factories), railroad lines and the in-district property of electric and gas utilities, such as FirstEnergy, American Electric Power, Dayton Power & Light, Duke Energy, Columbia Gas, Dominion East Ohio and Vectren.
Conversion-levy districts still would get the original dollar amount of taxes billed to utilities and owners of commercial realty, thanks to Joan and Joe Ohio's wallets. Via state sales and income taxes, Joan and Joe would pay the difference between utilities' and commercial landowners pre-conversion tax bills and the lower post-conversion amount. According to the Taxation Department, such "business tax relief" could cost Joe and Joan $501 million over 17 years, peaking at $71.4 million in 2013.
To mall owners and utility fat cats, that might be small change. But big business already has won tax break after tax break in Columbus.
Meanwhile, consumers are gasping. According to Public Utilities Commission of Ohio data, residential customers in Ohio's eight major cities paid an average of $81.45 for 750 kilowatt-hours of electricity in January 2008. Twelve months later, last month, the average climbed to $85.64. That's a 5.1 percent increase, though the Consumer Price Index rose just 0.1 percent in 2008 ("the smallest calendar- year increase since . . . 1954," according to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). So, despite a bitter winter, Ohio consumers get burned -- at the Statehouse.
Thomas Suddes is a former legislative reporter with The Plain Dealer in Cleveland and writes from Ohio University.
tsuddes@gmail.com


text:
Un yate real es una embarcación utilizada por el monarca y la familia real de un país, cuyo sistema de gobierno es la monarquía. La mayoría de los yates reales son financiados por el Estado y a menudo tripulado por personal de la Marina. Por lo general, es utilizado para viajes oficiales y privados.

Tipos de embarcaciones
Por lo general los yates reales son pequeñas embarcaciones,que se utilizan para viajes cortos en ríos o aguas tranquilas.

Historia
Los yates reales se remontan al antiguo Egipto, a barcazas que eran utilizadas en el Río Nilo.

Los vikingos también construyeron buques con este fin, siguieron con la costumbre de naves largas, y muy decoradas.

En Inglaterra, Enrique V vendió los yates reales para liquidar las deudas de la Corona. Los siguientes buques reales en Inglaterra se construyeron en el período de los Tudor con Enrique VIII utilizando un buque en 1520 que se representaba con tela de velas doradas.

Los primeros barcos que sin duda calificaron como yates reales fueron los propiedad de Carlos II de Inglaterra, Escocia e Irlanda. El primero fue un regalo por parte de los holandeses, pero luego se encargaron y construyeron yates en Inglaterra. Esto estableció una tradición de yates reales en Gran Bretaña que luego fue copiada por otras familias reales de Europa. A través del siglo XIX, los yates reales se hicieron más grandes a medida que se convirtieron en un símbolo de riqueza nacional. La Primera Guerra Mundial puso fin a esta tendencia y las familias reales que sobrevivieron encontraron más difícil justificar el costo que emplean. Actualmente, la mayoría de las monarquías utilizan aviones y trenes como medio de transporte.

Yates por país

Arabia Saudí
Los yates reales sauditas han incluido lo siguiente:

 Prince Abdulaziz (1984–) Ahora es propiedad de los descendientes del príncipe Sultán bin Abdulaziz
Al Riyadh (1978–)
Al Salamah (1999–)
Issham al Baher (1973–)

Alemania
Durante el Imperio alemán, el Kaiser utilizó estos yates imperiales:

SMY Hohenzollern (1878–1912); renombrado SMY Kaiseradler in 1892
SMY Hohenzollern II (1893–1914)
SMY Hohenzollern III

Dinamarca

La familia real danesa ha tenido varios yates reales. Dos de ellos han sido nombrados Dannebrog .

 HMDY (1650–?)
 HMDY (1687–1721)
 HMDY (1824–1840)
 HDMY (1841–1855)
 HMDY (1855–1879)
 HDMS Jylland (1874–1885) – una fragata que servía de yate real ocasionalmente.
 HDMY (1879–1932)
 HDMY (1932–presente)

Egipto

 Mahroussa (también conocido como El Horria) (1866–1951) fue construido para Isma'il Pasha, el Jedive de Egipto. Pasó el canal de Suez durante su apertura. Ahora sirve como una nave escolar para la Marina egipcia.

Emiratos Árabes Unidos
El Dubai es el yate personal del jeque Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, primer ministro de los Emiratos Árabes Unidos. Completado en 2006, es el tercer yate más grande actualmente en servicio  Llamó la atención de los medios mundiales cuando navegó para dar la bienvenida al trasatlántico retirado, RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 a Dubái en noviembre de 2008.

España
 El  utilizado por Alfonso XIII
 Los yates Fortuna Fortuna pertenecieron al Rey Juan Carlos I hasta el 2013.
 El azor Francisco Franco

Hawái

La barcaza de Cleopatra (1820–1824) cambió su nombre a Haʻaheo o Hawaiʻi ("Orgullo de Hawai")
Kamehameha III (hasta 1849), capturada por los franceses cuando invadieron Honolulu.

Imperio Otomano
El gobierno imperial otomano usó muchos yates para su jefe de estado.  Estos incluyen:

Tesrifiye
İzzeddin
Sultaniye
Talia
Ertuğrul

La República de Turquía también tiene yates presidenciales

Italia

Savoia (1883-1904)
Trinacria (1900-1925)
Savoia (1923-1944)

Marruecos

El Boughaz I (2006-presente)

Noruega

El rey Haakon VII recibió el yate real Norge como regalo del pueblo de Noruega en 1947. El yate real es propiedad del rey, pero es mantenido y tripulado por la Marina Real de Noruega. Antes de esto, otras naves navales habían servido como transporte marítimo real y el rey usaba algunos botes más pequeños para viajes cortos, principalmente en ocasiones oficiales.

Sophia Amalia (1650–?)
Elephanten (1687–1721)
Heimdal (1892–1946)
Stjernen I (1899–1940)
Stjernen II (1945–presente)
Norge (1947–presente)
Horten (1985)

Omán

 Al Said
Fulk al Salamah
Al Dhaferah
Zinat al Bihaar
Al-Noores

Países Bajos

Koningssloep (1818-presente)
De Groene Draeck (1957-presente)
Jumbo VI Yate del Príncipe Bernardo.

Portugal

Veloz (22,6 m): 1858
Sirius (22,5 m): 1876
Amélia I (35 m): 1888
Amélia II (45 m): 1897
Amélia III (55 m): 1898
Amélia IV (70 m): 1901

El rey portugués Carlos I usó cuatro yates reales sucesivos, todos llamados Amélia, en honor a su esposa, la reina Amelia de Orleans. Estos yates fueron utilizados principalmente por Carlos I para sus misiones oceanográficas. Fue en el Amélia IV donde el rey Manuel II y la familia real portuguesa abandonaron el país para el exilio, después de la revolución republicana del 5 de octubre de 1910. En el régimen republicano, la Amélia IV pasó a llamarse NRP 5 de Outubro y fue operada por la Armada Portuguesa.

Reino Unido

El Reino Unido ha tenido 83 yates reales desde la restauración del rey Carlos II en 1660. El mismo Carlos II tenía 25 yates reales, mientras que cinco estaban simultáneamente en servicio en 1831. Desde el desmantelamiento del Britannia en 1997, El Monarca ya no tiene un yate real propio, sino que desde entonces ha fletado otros barcos, como el MV Princesa Hébrida .

Rusia

Yates imperiales empleados por el zar de Rusia :

 Alexandria (I) (1851–1906)
 Standart (I) (1857–1892)
 Derzhava (1871–1905)
 Tsarevna (1874–1917)

Livadia (1873–1878); naufragó en Crimea del 21 al 22 de octubre de 1878
 Livadia (1880–1926); nave experimental defectuosa, se retiró y se hundió poco después de la puesta en marcha. Utilizado por los Romanov solo dos veces.
 Polyarnaya Zvezda (1890-1917/1961)
 Alexandria (II) (1904-1917/1927)
 Standart (II) (1895-1917/1936-1961 como minero de la Armada Soviética).

Tonga
En la historia de Tonga se han utilizado diferentes embarcaciones como yates realesː

 Hifofua; una goleta utilizada durante el reinado de Sālote Tupou III, que fue vendida a Fiyi a inicios de los setenta.
 Sprucebank
 Titilupe (1980-presente); adquirido por el rey Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV quien lo nombró en honor a su hija  la Princesa Salote Mafile'o Pilolevu Tuita.

Otras naciones
El Principado de Mónaco tuvo el yate principesco Deo Juvante II entre 1956-1958. Este yate Camper y Nicholsons fue un regalo de bodas de Aristóteles Onassis al Príncipe Ranero y Grace Kelly, fue utilizado por ellos en su luna de miel. El yate, ahora llamado M/Y Grace, está operado por Quasar Expeditions.

Yugoslavia tenía algunos yates reales antes de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

Zanzíbar tenía el yate real,  la cual era la única embarcación. Fue hundido por los británicos durante la Guerra Anglo-Zanzíbar.

Véase también

 Transportes de aire de jefes de estado y gobierno
 Coche estatal oficial

Referencias

Yates


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Below are some examples of the types of panels that you can have. But as with everything here at Dream, call us to talk through your options. We're here to help you. Call 01635 551 687.


text:
Russian Intelligence Chief Says Terrorists Use Telegram's 'Secret Chats'
Russian Federal Security Service chief Alexander Bortnikov Mikhail Klimentyev / RIA Novosti
Alexander Bortnikov, the head of Russia's Federal Security Service (FSB), announced on Wednesday that terrorists groups are using secret chats on the instant messenger Telegram to coordinate their efforts.
While speaking at a security conference for intelligence agencies in the Commonwealth of Independent States, Bortnikov said FSB agents have obtained evidence that terrorists communicate through closed groups on Telegram, according to the news agency RIA Novosti.
"We have information about specific terrorists and criminal connections inside Russia and Central Asian countries using [these] communications, and we've discovered [some of] their plans and probable locations," Bortnikov said.
Earlier on Wednesday, lawmakers in the State Duma introduced draft legislation that would ban anonymous instant messenger accounts and place other new restrictions on apps like Telegram and WhatsApp. The law would also empower the federal censor to restrict messengers from allowing mass mailings that contain information outlawed in Russia.
Bill Banning Anonymous Messenger Accounts Submitted to Russian Parliament
Telegram's "secret chats" use end-to-end, client-client encryption, and all content shared in secret chats is device-specific and kept separate from the Telegram cloud.
Testifying before the U.S. Congress in March 2016, a chief lawyer for the tech company Apple called Telegram "one of the most pernicious apps that we see in the terrorist space."
In the past few years, public channels on Telegram have become a potent political and social platform in Russia. In a recent trend, anonymous users have launched channels where they analyze politics and share rumors about current affairs.


text:
The Avengers: How The After-Credits Scene Came Together
THE FOLLOWING CONTAINS MAJOR SPOILERS! YOU KNOW THE ROUTINE! IF YOU DON'T CARE OR HAVE SEEN THE WHOLE MOVIE THAN KEEP READING BUT IF YOU HAVEN'T THAN DON'T BLAME US WITH YOUR INTERNET COMPLAINTS, YOU BIG CRY BABY!
On April 12th during a press conference, Robert Downey Jr. revealed in his own way that the Avengers movie was not completed and they were reuniting that very night to film one last bit of footage for the movie. Both Marvel Studios president Kevin Feige and writer-director Joss Whedon did their best to cover up what Downey told people but come on, we knew something was up... Now the film already had a scene that popped up during the credits, revealing the secret villain who was aiding Loki's alien invasion of Earth. But what was learned was The Avengers did have another post-credits scene in the works and this explains how the whole scene came together.
'In the climactic New York battle against the alien invaders Iron Man does something selfless and noble and nearly loses his life for it. As he tumbles back to Earth, he is rescued mid-plummet by the Hulk, who breaks the fall by surfing down the side of some buildings and deposits Iron Man's limp form on the pulverized street below. Chris Hemsworth's Thor and Chris Evans' Captain America rush over and Thor rips off Iron Man's mask to reveal an unconscious Tony Stark.
In the original script, the billionaire awakens with a start and asks, "What's next?"
But during filming, Downey is notorious for pushing for variations and felt that line could be something snappier. Whedon agreed, and penned several new versions of the scene in a notebook the day of shooting. "Peek behind the curtain," Whedon commented. "It was one line — now it's three pages."
Those new lines were the seed that led to the last-minute scene, though no one knew that at the time — not even Whedon. What was in those pages? "Please tell me nobody tried to kiss me," Stark says, looking up at a looming Thor and Cap. That line made the finished movie, but others didn't. There were several other variations in which Stark congratulates his fellow Avengers on winning the battle, and then — realizing it's not over yet — wearily begins making suggestions about how much time off they're going to be owed.
The line that made the final cut was a slightly more random one: Stark learns that there is more fighting left to do, and says fine, as long as the others agree to hit a good shawarma restaurant he knows in the neighborhood.
And that, dear readers, is what Whedon and Marvel realized after the fact, too.
When The Avengers is over — and we mean over-over, when the last credit has rolled — we cut to the gang sitting silently around a table, munching on pitas like any colleagues who have just put in a lot of overtime. In the background, restaurant workers quietly clean-up debris in the apocalypse-adjacent eatery.
And they say… nothing. After saving the planet, they are spent.'
This extra scene had some trouble involved because Chris Evans had to wear a prosthetic face to cover up his beard that he grew for his next film, you'll notice, he covers his face throughout that footage by resting his cheek against his hand. This was the main joke during a conference and everyone made fun of the fake face even Evans.
Source: EW


While out on a safari, Wild Wings Safaris filmed this amazing video of a mother elephant getting some help after her baby gets himself stuck in a muddy pond.
The little elephant's legs are too short to pull himself out of the water and the mother struggled to get the calf out as the rest of the herd left. Watch as the herd returns and a more experienced member gives her a helping trunk.


Winrestau is an intuitive tool that optimises the management of your restaurant and services in a simple way. From touch-screen order-taking to payment method management, Winrestau adapts to all your needs, for better organisation of your services and till management.
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Having traveled to several Belgian towns in the last few months, the beauty of the old neighborhoods, the many canals and rivers, the elegant squares all combine to form a harmonic whole that infuses Flemish towns. So when you're there, make sure you run at least once through the old town.
So that's just what I did in Gent (Ghent in Dutch). I found a route that connected a lot of the most interesting spots in the old town. And, similar to Leuven, Gent also features two Begijnhof neighborhoods (medieval womens' religious communities), which lie at each end of the run.
We'll start at the west side of the old town, at the Sint-Elisabeth Begijnhof, also called the Groot (great) Begijnhof. The small neighborhood of little homes surrounds a church and churchyard. The walls that once surrounded the community have been torn down, so it's hard to tell where it really begins nowadays.
Get yourself to the front door of the church on Begijnhofdries, and we'll start this very scenic run. First, we'll loop around the block to get a feel for the Begijnhof neighborhood, and we'll see a bit more when we get back later.
So, facing the church entrance, turn left to run north past the homey little houses of Sophie van Akenstraat. At the end of the block, turn right, then right again on Gravin Johannastraat to run back to the churchyard.
Cross the churchyard park, behind the church, and now turn left to exit the Begijnhof towards the east. You'll see tram tracks at the next corner. Now, just follow the tracks as they curve eastwards down Burgstraat (Castle Street).
This isn't the most scenic street of the run, but there is the Carmelite monastery along the left side (behind the parking lot).
When you get to the east end of Burgstraat, the houses get older and more beautiful, then you'll cross the Lieve River, with the impressive Gravensteen castle on the left side, and the fish market on the right. This is the one-kilometer mark.
Now the tram tracks turn right to head into the heart of the old town, crossing the Leie River at the old riverfront meat warehouse, and turning right again at the vegetable market.
You are now running south, right into the Korenmarkt (grain market) square. The square is now lined by restaurants, and the trams drive through every few minutes.
The gothic Sint-Niklaas church marks the south end of the square, at the liveliest tram transfer spot in town, so there is always traffic here.
At the end of the church, turn left to follow the tram tracks eastwards past the Three Towers: Sint Niklaas, the town bell tower and Sint Baafs.
This area is one of the most amazing medieval ensembles in Europe. The gothic cloth-hall sits next to the bell tower, giving the false impression that it is a church, and the huge, renaissance-era town hall occupies a block behind the tower.
When you get to the front door of Sint Baafs cathedral, turn right to leave the tram tracks and run south along Lang Kruisstraat.
This takes you into Gent's shopping precinct. You'll run through a little square with a fountain. At the far end of the square, follow the pedestrians along Koesstraat (there's a way-sign pointing to the Opera there, follow that).
Keep running south as the street name changes to Kortedagsteeg and then crosses another river (really, a canal called Ketelvaart). This is the 2-kilometer mark.
You're now heading uphill, in the university neighborhood. There are a lot of fun-looking student hangouts.
Up the hill, you'll see the massive, palace-like Vooruit building. This was once the cultural center of the Vooruit (Forwards) labor organization and its co-op movement. Now it's a cultural center for the whole city, with a ballroom, cinema, cafés, etc.
Just before reaching Vooruit, though, turn left on Lammerstraat, passing some very interesting Latin-American-style restaurants, crossing the canal again, and coming to busy Woodrow Wilson square, with the public library.
After just 100 meters, you'll come to a mounted statue of King Albert, where you turn left and cross busy Orbanlaan to run into the side-street, Sint-Annastraat.
We're now getting close to the turn-around spot of the run. So now just turn right onto Lange Violettestraat and head south for a block. You'll see the brick wall of the Klein Begijnhof along the left. When you see the arched entryway through the wall, turn left to enter the grounds of this quiet little oasis.
Like all the Begijnhofs, this one also surrounds a churchyard, with the baroque Onze-Lieve-Vrouw church visible from every direction. Red-brick houses behind white walls line the perimeter of the Begijnhof.
It's nice here to just run a loop along the periphery of the grounds, past the many little gateways in the white walls.
When you get back to the main (and only) entrance of the grounds, run out to Lange Violettestraat again and turn right to head back home. But we'll run back a different way, and see some more Gent landmarks.
Lange Violettestraat runs into a busy spot around the green square of Sint-Annaplein, at the 4-km mark. At Sint Anna church, cross the square, using the zebra stripes on both sides, then turn right to head north on Filips van Arteveldestraat. The street turns into a riverside road along the Leie River up ahead.
The road now takes you northwards along the river. Stay on the riverside trail, passing the public swimming pool, and a small-boat marina in the water.
There's a little park behind the pool, and you cross a little stainless-steel pedestrian bridge to continue along the river for another block.
You'll see Volmolenstraat heading through a quiet, working-class neighborhood to the left, so let's take that. After a few blocks, we're back in the old-town again, facing the back end of the gigantic Sint-Jacobs church. This is one of my favorite churches in Gent: it is so long, it seems to go on for miles.
Follow the zebra-stripes and run past the church along the right side (north). At the front door, turn right onto Wijzemanstraat and head into my favorite square, the Vrijdagmarkt (Friday Market).
This beautiful square is lined with a great collection of old houses, many with restaurants and pubs. The gothic building with the round tower is the oldest on the square, and there is a statue of Jacob van Artevelde, known as the Wise Man of Gent.
The square is the place where the city's pageantry took place: foreign rulers were greeted here and public feasts were held.
The northern corner of the square is dominated by two more huge labor-union/co-op buildings, looking like palaces.
Leave the square at the northwest end and run the short block to the huge orange cannon parked at the Leie River. The cannon is a medieval "supergun" built to blast apart town walls during a siege. This one broke while firing and has been living a decorative existence ever since.
Turn right to run to the little drawbridge near the cannon, where you turn left to cross the river and head into my favorite neighborhood in Gent: Patershol.
This small neighborhood is full of little lanes and old houses, and is a favorite place for locals to go out in the evenings. You'll first come to the main shopping street, Oudburg, and its great old houses.
But keep running straight into the neighborhood, along Rodekoningstraat, to the 'tklokhuys restaurant, where you turn left to do a loop through part of the neighborhood.
At the end of the block, turn right on Hertogstraat, and follow it until you exit the neighborhood at Geldmunt street, with its tram tracks. Turn right here to run a block, where you turn left again, onto Lievestraat.
This street takes you, as you can imagine, across the Lieve river, where you keep running straight (under the name Abrahamstraat) until it ends at Bonifantenstraat. The Carmelite monastery that we passed at the beginning of the run is behind the walls straight ahead, but we have to go around it by following Bonifantenstraat south to Burgstraat.
Now we just have to turn right and follow Burgstraat back to the Begijnhof.
To see a bit more of the Begijnhof, turn left onto the lane of Provenierstersstraat to see a block of the little walled homes before getting back to our starting spot at Sint-Elisabeth church.


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Listen To This: Forgive And Be Forgiven!
Home » Lifestyle » My boyfriend said he couldn't afford my birthday present – I found out he was spending all his money on another woman
My boyfriend said he couldn't afford my birthday present – I found out he was spending all his money on another woman
A woman whose boyfriend couldn't afford her birthday gift was left disgusted after discovering she was spending all his money on a sex worker.
Hannah Belay discovered numerous messages between her boyfriend and the other woman, including details of a session he paid for the day before her birthday.
Taking to her TikTok account, Hannah explained that she did not question her boyfriend when he said he couldn't afford her present as the couple were building a house at the time.
Posting under the domain @hana.belay she said: "Storytime. Another story, about me, getting cheated on, and how I found out. So it all started with me wanting a GoPro.
"That was literally the only thing I wanted from my partner, so he promised to get it for me. At the time we were building a house and the day before my birthday he goes to me, oh I am so sorry but I can't afford to buy your GoPro," added Hannah.
She was very nice about it as she assumed her man needed the money for something for their new home.
But five months later, when borrowing his laptop, the truth came out.
"When I opened his laptop, all of his iMessages were popping up. So I opened it, curious, and I scroll all the way down, and there is a number with no texts on there. It's not a number saved, and all the texts have been deleted," she said.
"So I copy and paste the number into Google. and what comes up says 'hot Latina, bug peach'. Let's call it a spicy accountant. I thought it was a mistake, I thought there is no way that this is accurate" added Hannah.
Investigating further, Hannah decided to copy and paste the number into her boyfriend's Mac computer.
SAVVY MUM
I've saved £350 rewrapping my kids OLD toys – I won't buy them ANYTHING new
Salt-tastic
Mrs Hinch fans shares 29p trick to clear window condensation
I'm a catfish queen – my transformations are so good people think I'm Gwen Stefani
salon hair
You've been using Olaplex all wrong – it's about the order of the products
"His archives came up, of his iMessage, and all the texts that he had deleted, were there. There was a message from him to her saying 'Hi I just got your number, just wondering if you are available on this date ' and he asked what she charged," said Hannah.
"I was getting a little bit suss. She doesn't sound like a personal trainer. So I continue to read the messages and it was over many many months, while we were in the relationship, and he kept asking for appointment."
To add salt to the wound, Hannah's boyfriend had paid for an appointment the same day he told her that he could not afford her birthday present.
"The last one he sent her was the 29th of November. My birthday is on the 30th. He said 'hey babe. Can we do a quick 15-minute session like last time today, I'm here'. So the money he was going to spend for my birthday he spent on her," Hannah said in her follow up post.
I was getting a little bit suss. She doesn't sound like a personal trainer. So I continue to read the messages and it was over many many months, while we were in the relationship, and he kept asking for appointments"
She continued: "At this stage, I had all the evidence. I knew everything he had done. I couldn't let him know that I knew, and I couldn't let him know how I found out so after some time I called him and said someone contacted me and said he was cheating on me."
Confronting her boyfriend, the man denied everything until she said she needed to know in case he had picked up anything and passed it on to her.
"Finally he admitted everything and it was not just the one spicy accountant."
Hannah's post has been viewed more than 93k times and TikTok users were quick to comment.
"Why would he cheat on someone like you, a treasure," commented one person.
Another said: "The audible gasp I let out when you said the last appointment was the day before your birthday."
"At this point, I would just join the FBI you're so good at catching people" commented a third.
More on love rats… I busted my sister's fiancé cheating and she banned ME from the wedding… so now I'm turning up with his other woman.
More on dating, I thought I'd met the man of my dreams on a blind date but then he took me to meet his mum… and she was dead
In related news, one woman is stunned after Hinge date unleashes vicious tirade when she makes an offhand comment
← Shocking moment woman confronted by gang armed with iron bars outside her home as they steal catalytic converter
I was creeped out when a man I met in a lift posted notes under every door in my apartment block looking for me →


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'Iron Cowboy' sets goal: 50 triathlons in 50 states in 50 days
Jul 3rd, 2015 · by Ashton Brown · Comments:
James "The Iron Cowboy" Lawrence holds the Guinness Book of World Record for most 70.3 distance races done in a single year and most 140.6 distance races done is a single year.
DOVER — James Lawrence, of Utah by way of Canada, takes the definition of "triathlete" to a whole new level.
He's on a mission to complete 50 triathlons in 50 states in 50 consecutive days.
"It's something no one has ever done before," said Mr. Lawrence, 39, who has earned the nickname The Iron Cowboy. "And it took two years of training to prepare for this."
James Lawrence, The Iron Cowboy, swims 73 laps (2.4 miles) at The Dover Y's outdoor pool on Kenton Road Friday morning at 7a.m.
But setting a record isn't the only thing motivating Mr. Lawrence. He wants to spread awareness of childhood obesity and put an end to the epidemic.
"You see it everywhere," he said. "I'm very involved in my kids' schooling and I always see it there and it's about time someone did something to draw attention to the issue."
Mr. Lawrence made Delaware his 28th stop on Friday, starting with the swimming portion of the triathlon at the Dover YMCA's outdoor pool on Kenton Road.
"We were asked if he could use our pool and of course we said 'yes.'" said Susan Herr, executive director of the Dover YMCA. "We are always encouraging people to get active but when we heard his reasoning, we were even happier because that fits perfectly with the Y's mission."
Mr. Lawrence stepped out of his camper around 6:45 a.m., after about four hours sleep, to begin his task.
"It's been a struggle running on such little sleep, but I think the team has finally gotten back on schedule. So, from here on, I should be getting about six hours each night," he said.
Friday morning, Mr. Lawrence may have been ready at 6:45 but his five children who are traveling with him stayed asleep in the camper while he went to work.
"The kids love it," he said. "They're getting to see every state and they've actually been able to have a lot of fun along the way."
His kids aren't the only ones on the road with him. Mr. Lawrence has about six teammates traveling with him along with volunteers all over the country supporting his cause and coordinating his stops in every state.
Laura Strutz, a triathlete of eight years and Delaware resident of a year and a half, read about Mr. Lawrence's undertaking back in January on Facebook. She volunteered to be his Delaware ambassador.
"I saw the post and volunteered and have been working on it since February," she said. "It's taken a lot of coordination to get it all together but I was able to work with some great people in the area to get all the details worked out."
Others participating in the Delaware stop are Mike Fennemore of Fifer Orchards (the beginning and end point of the run and biking portions); Dave Moses of Dave's Road Bikes Inc. (offering biking support); and Jim Hutchison, a triathlon coach who helped map out the correct distances and courses for biking and running.
Athletes of all kinds participated in Mr. Lawrence's triathlon from all over the area. For the swim alone, more than a dozen people were swimming laps in the pool before he jumped in at 7 a.m. sharp. Swimmers came from as far north as Bear while others came from Maryland and Washington, D.C., to participate. Some were planning on completing all of the day's activities with Mr. Lawrence.
The participants and spectators found out about Mr. Lawrence and his Delaware stop through Facebook.
"It's really amazing that we didn't do any real advertising and so many people turned out either just to watch him or to actually join in, but a lot of athletes are pretty active online," Ms. Strutz said.
A triathlon is comprised of a 2.4-mile swim (73 laps in the YMCA's 25-meter pool), a 112-mile bike ride and a marathon (26.2-mile run). Completing all three parts has taken Mr. Lawrence an average of 13 to 15 hours.
Luckily, it was warm and sunny in Dover on Friday. However, Mr. Lawrence has faced some adverse conditions in other states that forced him to complete his triathlons indoors with an indoor swimming pool, a stationary exercise bike and a treadmill.
"I think these are perfect conditions for a triathlon," Ms. Strutz said. "The weather is great, there's barely any wind and Delaware is nice and flat so the bike ride and the run shouldn't be too bad."
Mr. Lawrence's Thursday stop was Maryland. Today he will be in New Jersey. He is expected to finish his challenge on July 25 in Utah.
Reach staff writer Ashton Brown at abrown@newszap.com. Follow @AshtonReports on Twitter.
Tags:Featured


CELTIC have secured highly rated young left-back Kieran Tierney on a five-year contract, the Scottish champions have announced.
RANGERS have signed Scotland international goalkeeper Matt Gilks.
THE next round of fixtures in the Euros gets underway on Saturday.
JAMIE VARDY has agreed a new four-year deal to commit his future to Premier League champions Leicester.
RANGERS have completed the signing of Croatian midfielder Niko Kranjcar.
Euro 2016 Daily Digest: Can Northern Ireland become the third Home Nation to reach last 16?
SO, Wales topped Group B after their demolition of Russia while England had to settle for second as they endured a goalless stalemate with Slovakia.
DUNDEE UNITED are set to sign goalkeeper Cammy Bell later today.
MATT CROOKS and Josh Windass are free to begin training with Rangers after the Ibrox outfit agreed compensation with the duo's former club Accrington Stanley, the League Two club have announced.
BRENDAN RODGERS will face Estonian or Gibraltarian opposition in his first match as Celtic manager.
ENGLAND and Wales are back in action tonight and the knockout stages are within touching distance.
If Souness couldn't handle the Old Firm, how will Joey Barton?
PETER GRANT says life at Rangers or Celtic must be a little bit like being pregnant.


According to Boston Business Journal, Boston College has won approval to construct an new 245,000 square-foot dorm at 2150 Commonwealth Ave. The structure will include student housing, new athletic facilities and open space. Read the full story here.


The Hamilton Bulldogs fought back from two goal deficits twice before pulling out an exciting 6-5 shoot-out win over the Mississauga Steelheads Wednesday night at FirstOntario Centre.
Not the start the Bulldogs were looking for as the Steelheads went up 2-0 by the 12:01 mark of the 1st period, but just two-and-a-half-minutes later Tim Fleischer (6) found himself all alone in front of the Steelheads net as his goal cut the deficit to 2-1 after 20 minutes.
The Bulldogs got back to work in the 2nd period as Logan Morrison (9) tied things up at 2-2 at 5:25 and then each team scored once late including Arthur Kaliyev's (43) power-play goal with only 36.6 seconds left in the period to send the teams to the dressing rooms knotted a 3-3.
Before the half-way point of the 3rd period the Steelheads had restored their 2-goal lead but Avery Hayes (6) knocked one out of mid-air at 13:42 to make it 5-4 and then Arthur Kaliyev's (44) second of the night sent the game into overtime at 5-5.
Mississauga had a great chance to win it in OT, but Thomas Harley was stopped by Bulldogs goalie Zachary Roy on a penalty-shot as the game would need a shoot-out to decide a winner. Hamilton's captain Matthew Strome was the one to score in the shoot-out as Zachary Roy stopped all three Steelheads shooters as the Bulldogs pulled out the 6-5 win.
Steelheads goal scorers were Liam Ham (8), Cole Carter (32), James Hardie (12), Keean Washkurak (11) and Alan Lyszczarczyk (28).
With his assist on the tying goal, Bulldogs captain Matthew Strome extends his point streak to 11 games while two goals for Arthur Kaliyev gives him an 8-game point streak.
The Bulldogs are back on the road Friday night when they visit the Ottawa 67's before returning home to take on the Peterborough Petes at FirstOntario Centre Saturday at 7 pm.


PH Plus is a pH regulator that allows you to increase the pH value of the nutrient water to the ideal level of 5.5 - 6.5. Only a nutrient solution with the correct pH value will ensure that the plant absorbs the nutrients in the correct proportions. This then has a stimulating effect on the plant's metabolism, which makes the plant grow faster.
Shake well before use. Add PH Plus in steps of 0.5 ml per litre of water (1:2000) and measure the pH value as you go along.
PH Plus is available in 500 ml and 1 litre bottle.
PH Plus has a strong effect and must therefore be added step-by-step.
Use a pH meter for the proper application of PH Plus.


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Help, at last, for Kenya Tana River girl who walked long distances to raise school fees
Juliana Koshi (center, with brown envelope) takes a photo with alumni students of Bunyore Girls High School on January 19, 2019. She will be joining the school for her high school education. PHOTO | FRANCIS NDERITU
Collins Omulo
A girl from Tana River, who worked as a house help and trekked for more than 15 kilometres in a bid to raise school fees to join secondary school, can now smile as she is set to finally join Bunyore Girls High School.
This comes after the high school's alumni group came together to raise funds and resources to help her join the school.
Bunyore Girls Alumni chairperson, Vicky Owake, said that the group learnt of Juliana Koshi's plight when her story appeared in the media prompting them to step in.
"One of us saw her photo in the newspaper and shared it in our WhatsApp group. We did our due diligence, looked for contacts to get to her and then contacted Tana River Woman Representative Rehema Hassan to help us get hold of her," said Owake on Saturday.
She said so far the alumni group – through its welfare page which consists of 120 members – has raised Sh93,000 while the county government has chipped in Sh50,000. An additional Sh27,000 set to be paid directly to the school through the Constituency Development Fund (CDF).
"The school's principal told us her slot is still available and so she will be travelling to the school for admission next week. She will need Sh54,000 for her first term fees and other necessities," she said.
WELL-WISHERS' HELP
Owake called on more well-wishers to come forward and make sure that the student goes to school even beyond secondary school while at the same time challenging the county government and Galole Constituency CDF office to support the girl throughout her secondary education.
"Most of us went to school through being helped by others. Why don't we also do the same to others? I am appealing to all alumni, even those in the diaspora, to come out and ensure that the girl goes up to university. We also intend to open a fund that will also help other needy girls admitted to Bunyore Girls," said Owake.
Juliana Koshi holds up her admission letter to Bunyore Girls High School on January 19, 2019. She will be joining the school for her high school education. PHOTO | FRANCIS NDERITU
She challenged other needy students not to keep quiet with their problems but come out for their plight to be highlighted so that they can get help.
The 15-year-old girl from Hola took it upon herself to see that her dream of one day becoming a cardiologist is realized.
Staring at a bleak future after scoring 358 marks in last year's Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) examination at Hola Primary School, she knew that just sitting at home and cursing why she was born into a poor family would not help her aspirations.
HOUSE HELP JOB
The last born in a family of three girls and one boy decided to get a job as a house help not far away from their home immediately after the KCPE exams knowing too well that her parents, who are all jobless, were not going to be able to raise school fees to take her to secondary school.
She worked for a month a family comprising a father, mother and their child but she felt that with her monthly pay of Sh4,000, it would take her at least a year to only raise enough money for cater for first term at Bunyore Girls High School.
"I realized that even with the support from my employer, my brother who tilled farms in a bid to help me raise the money needed, the burden was still too big. My dad is also old and sickly while my mother is a charcoal burner. We are barely managing," said Koshi on Saturday during an interview at Nation Centre.
The young girl hastily left her house help job and embarked on traversing across villages to seek for whatever little help she could get.
In the process she ended up walking for more than 15 kilometres in a bid to raise the required school fees. It is through her desperate efforts that her plight was highlighted in the media.
Thankfully, she can now afford a smile after help finally came her way.
"I would like to eventually join the University of Nairobi to pursue a course in Medicine and later become a cardiologist," she said.


Madison is a Senior Director of Client Services at The Trade Desk, an advertising technology company. Since joining The Trade Desk in 2013, Madison has worked to develop the client services function and drive the organization's rapid growth. She oversees key strategic relationships with leading agencies and brands, coaches and develops a team of account leaders and traders, and works closely with the product team to deliver best-in-class solutions to clients. Prior to The Trade Desk, Madison was a key contributor on the IBM account at Ogilvy & Mather after completing the Ogilvy Associates Training Program. Madison earned a BA in Urban Studies from Columbia University, where her passion for criminal justice reform was ignited. She believes in the transformative power of volunteering, having served as a proud "Big" through the Big Brothers Big Sisters program since 2011. Madison is honored to use her experience as a mentor to assist GOSO in servicing its clients.


President Muhammadu Buhari has condoled the government and people of Nasarawa State over the tragic fire occasioned by a gas explosion at a filling station in Lafia, the state capital.
The president's condolence message is contained in a statement by his Senior Special Assistant on Media and Publicity, Garba Shehu, in Abuja on Monday.
The explosion occurred at a gas plant close to the petrol station, killing at least 10 persons, over 30 sustained various injuries, destroyed vehicles and several shops.
expressed grave concern over the high toll in the incident.
He consoled the bereaved families and appealed to the state and federal authorities and well meaning persons in the state to ensure that the best medical assistance was provided to the injured persons.


As the festive season approaches, organisers are making final preparations for the upcoming Beckenham Christmas Bonanza, which is set to be another fun-filled day for all the family.
The event, which takes place on Saturday, December 1, will feature live entertainment, funfair, local produce and craft market, Christmas Parade, Christmas Lights Switch On and the big community sing-a-long to end the day.
The Christmas Bonanza is being organised by the Copers Cope Area Residents' Association working alongside the Beckenham Business Association (BBA) and the Beckenham Together BID.
There will be stories and fun in the Christmas Grotto Big Top and a post box for those special letters to Father Christmas at Beckenham Green.
The Christmas Market will open at 12.30pm with 35 stalls of local produce, hot food, mulled wine and beer on offer; a perfect chance to purchase gifts, essential produce and enjoy lunch.
The Beckenham Christmas Candlelit Parade will start from Croydon Road Recreation Ground at 4.30pm accompanied by the Drumming Band, children and their families from Baston House School, local supporting businesses and residents, Rotarians, Police, entertainers and of course Father Christmas and his elves.
Winding its way along the High Street to Beckenham Green volunteers from the local community will hand out beautiful candle (battery) lit lanterns. Once more BBA is proud to support MINDCare Dementia Beckenham with its collection.
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As you can see, the bridge stayed mostly intact. I talked to a couple engineers at the event and asked them what they thought made my bridge break. One suggested that the bridge failed in torsion, as I did not have any diagonal braces in the bridge. That is definitely a design flaw I will fix if I do this again. I would love to try and break an efficiency of 5000. That would be a strong bridge indeed!
Hey Mr. Garrett, what bridge style is this bridge exactly?
This one is a mix of designs. The main section is a subdivided Warren truss, while the ends use the Howe truss.
Hey Mr. Garett, we have to do a cardboard bridge project in my Physics class and our teacher is incompetent and has neither given us any parameters for grading or any idea how to build it. The only thing we can use is the cardboard and Elmer's glue. I have no idea where to start, but I saw your bridge design and if those little wood pieces can hold 346 pounds, imagine if it was in cardboard. This is just me asking a competent teacher for some help. If not, thank you for your time and I wish you the best with future bridges!
Cardboard is actually much weaker than the wood on this bridge. If I were you, I would try to use corrugated cardboard, the thick kind that has extra stuff on the inside. I would also consider laminating any pieces that would be in compression, since cardboard will buckle very easily.
Check out my truss design page for ideas on bridge designs to use.
Mr. Garett Boon, thank you for posting this well-documented bridge. I am an AP Physics student, and for our final project, we are required to construct a bridge with the best strength to weight ratio possible. I understand that, based on your previous comments, you do not have any schematics or diagrams; however, I was wondering if you had any additional pictures? Anything would be helpful in our attempt, with your permission, to recreate your magnificent design.
Unfortunately I do not have the plans for this bridge currently.
Is it alright with you if I use this bridge design or a similar one in my school project. Keep in mind I will credit you for the design.
Do I need a protractor to get exact measurements or can I just wing it? If so, what are the measurements for the angle of the trapezoid shape?
I don't have the measurements of this bridge anymore, so you will just have to wing it.
Do you have a blueprint we can use to make a bridge like this one?
I do not have blueprints for sale for this bridge right now. At some point in the future I hope to have them, but not currently.
Hey Garrett, I'm Sam, and I was wondering what a good ratio of height to length to width ratio would be for a truss bridge, in general. If you need me to be more specific, then, as an example, let's assume that we have a Pratt bridge that's 25 inches long. Do you have any insight on how high or wide it should be then? I'm no expert, so just a general idea would really help me out; if you have enough time.
Sam, I've had good success starting with a 1:6 height to length ratio. In general a wider bridge will be more stable but also adds weight. If you are testing the bridge with a load that won't move around lateral, then a more narrow bridge is fine. But if you are planning on standing on the bridge, you probably want to make it wider. The popsicle stick bridges I make that are 25 inches long are about 3.5 inches wide. This is mostly because of the limitations from using popsicle sticks, but it does seem to work out well.
If this design was used with popsicle sticks would it work?
Probably, although you might have make some minor modifications.
What kind of popsicle sticks did you use, just regular, or a certain kind. Also, what kind of glue?
Tessa, I did not use popsicle sticks on this bridge. I used Basswood. I used two types of glue, Weldbond mostly and a little Probond.
What kind of truus did you use? A howe, pratt, or warren?
This bridge used a hybrid truss design. Mostly it was a Subdivided Warren, but went to the Howe Truss on the ends.
what do you mean by diagonal braces? and how long did it take u?
i tried to copy your design except with popsicle sticks didnt turn out very well. was kinda crooked and twisted.
Good question. Diagonal bracing here refers to any pieces that would have connected the sides of the bridge on a diagonal. So if I had a piece that was glued on the bottom of the left side and sloped up to the top of the right side of the bridge.
I was wondering, how was the bridge loaded?
This bridge was loaded from the top with a metal plate that was attached to a hydraulic loading machine.
what truss design did u use?
We do bridges every year in math and they weigh under 50 g. and hold in the 1,000. my bridge held around 1,200 last year.
Hey Derek, what unit is the weight that your bridges held in?
I saw a bridge today at the TSA Regional conference that held OVER 496 LBS.THe bridge was made of Balsa wood and had a very strong structure.
Ryan, that sounds like a sweet bridge. Do you know anything more about the bridge? How long was it etc?
Do you reccommend binding the pieces? I am using bass wood, but the pieces are quite thin from my perspective. Should I glue two strips together to make it stronger? And if so, are there any parts in particular on the bridge that might not be good to do this?
Yenny, this is called laminating the wood. Yes, it does make it stronger, but usually not more efficient. This means that it adds more weight than it does strength. I'd recommend you glue your strips of wood into L, T, or even I shapes which will increase their efficiency if done well. The L, T, and I beam shapes are useful for any members of your bridge that are in compression, such as the top chord. Often enough members in compression do not fail because the member itself broke, but rather because the joint failed. I would make sure you are using good joints.
Hi, I have to build a balsa wood bridge for my class. I just had one question.
I have decided on a Howe Truss bridge, but the slanted members that are on wither end of the roadway. How do I make them? Specifically, how do I make them angled? And strong?
I know my question may not be clear, its hard to describe on words. If you do know what I am talking about, do I attach them directly to the top of the roadway? Or the side of it? Is it possible to use gusset joints on this type of bridge?
Abhinav: If you make your diagonal members on the ends of the bridge connect to the bottom and top of your truss with End Joints, adding a gusset, I think that would work well. This would allow all your other joints to be natural Lap Joints. In your words, attach them to the top of the roadway.
First Timer's Second Bridge Design!
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Glamouflage™ Grape Petunia is draped in stunning purple trumpet-shaped flowers at the ends of the stems from mid spring to late summer. Its attractive pointy leaves remain green in colour with showy creamy white variegation throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant.


You are definitely looking in the right place to get settled. Thanks to all the sun and friendly faces, it's hard to find any place better. And this article is going to help you find the best Tampa Florida home for sale, seeing as not every listing on the market is going to fit your needs and budget.
There is no reason to leave the comfort of your home while hunting for the right house.
Chances are you'll find several houses among the realtor websites, and there will also be private listings.
It's not the job of a realtor to make you feel pressured. And neither should the owner of a property.
Keeping in mind that this is a big investment you want to be able to hold on to for as long as you need, it's a decision you approach without looking at the details. So, if you want to find your dream home for sale in the Tampa Florida area, remember these tips.