text:
Dylan McNeill (Philips) is the 2019 SDG Pioneer of The Netherlands
Last February Global Compact Network Netherlands started the search for their first SDG Pioneer. The organisation received a lot of inspiring stories from various young professionals. The jury had the hard task of determining who had the best story and makes the most SDG impact on the road to 2030. After a long search they found our SDG Pioneer: Dylan McNeill, Director for Supplier Sustainability at Philips.
Dylan is the 2019 SDG Pioneer of The Netherlands who will be able to represent our network in the Global Round of the SDG Pioneer search. Dylan has made a significant contribution to the SDGs as Director for Supplier Sustainability at Philips and as the youngest board-member of the European Partnership on Responsible Minerals. Dylan is responsible for the scale-up of Philips' Supplier Sustainability Performance program within Philips.
"Creating change trough a continuous improvement relationship with suppliers is a true, valuable and very impactful way to create change in the heart of the operations of a mulitnational, and its suppliers" – Eva Rood (Director Positive Change Initiative, Rotterdam School of Management and jury member).
He advances the SDGs through different partnerships (Goal 17: Partnerships for the Goals) that among others allowed the team to make accurate predictions on supplier sustainability performance over time. Consequently, new methods and tailor-made change approaches could be developed. As a result, the Supplier Sustainability Performance program booked large-scale success, improving the working conditions of more than 240,000, workers in 2018 alone (Goal 8: Decent Work & Economic Growth). Additionally, this approach helped reduce the environmental impact of its suppliers (Goal 13: Climate Action)
"Dylan is making a difference for many workers in the supply chain of Royal Philips. In 2018 alone, working conditions of more than 240,000 workers at suppliers were improved. That tremendous positive impact shows the spirit and leadership of a true SDG Pioneer!" – Jan van den Herik (Board member GCNL and jury member)
Dylan and his team did not only contribute to Philips' success by identifying the most important supplier sustainability improvement opportunities, but also to innovations for the SDGs by moving from a traditional auditing approach, to a scalable approach that ensures continuous improvement in supplier sustainability. On the way, Dylan and his colleagues actively shared this approach with peers and other industries, to increase awareness and mobilization on the topic of supplier sustainability.
The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact have been strongly embedded in the scale-up of the Supplier Sustainability Performance program Dylan is responsible for. This is particularly reflected in the supplier sustainability declaration (SSD) that Philips' suppliers have to fill out. This SSD sets out desired supplier standards and behaviors and covers topics such as Labor, Health & Safety, Environment, and Ethics. Unlike regular audits through which suppliers often only seem sustainable, Dylan's engagement program focusses on continuous improvement; transparency on performance; and clear commitments to meet the agreed targets. In other words, his approach helps build the suppliers' capacities and ensures the Ten Principles become a significant part of the suppliers' management systems.
"Great job on the implementation of a new program in a big multinational!"– Liz de Bruijn (Programme Manager, Masterpeace and jury member)
The SDG Pioneer runner-up is Wineke Haagsma. Wineke is Head of Corporate Responsibility at PwC NL.Wineke has done a lot of work in creating awareness for the SDGs. She launched the 'SDG Dome', an immersive experience that combines virtual reality with a seamless 360-degree projection of the world's biggest problems. It has already been visited by 3,500 people. Wineke has also launched an e-learning platform where stakeholders can familiarize themselves with the SDGs: the SDG Quick Start, which has already been used by more than 1,600 colleagues. In addition, she initiated an internal CO2-tax and the SDG Booster, a research on SDG implementation in The Netherlands.
About the SDG Pioneer search
As part of the 'Making Global Goals Local Business' campaign, each year the UN Global Compact recognizes a class of SDG Pioneers: young and future business leaders who are using business as a force of good to advance the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. The SDG Pioneers play an important role in creating interest in the Global Goals. For the first time, the SDG Pioneer challenge started this year with a local round. Other local Global Compact networks that joined the search were for example the UK, South Africa and Egypt. Any young professional (35 and under) that worked at company part of the Global Compact Network was able to apply or be nominated by someone from the leadership team of the company.
tags Sustainable Development Goals (SDG's)
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Philips receives the Sustainable Purchasing Leadership Council's 2018 Supplier Engagement Award
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text:
Cricket set for Asian Games return in 2022
With the 2022 Zhanghou Asian Games still some years away, the BCCI is mulling the Indian team's participation.
Bangkok 03 March, 2019 19:03 IST
The Hangzhou Sports Park Stadium is pictured at Hangzhou International Expo Center before the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou 2022. (File Photo) - Getty Images
Cricket is set for a return at the Asian Games after the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) Sunday included it in the sports programme for the 2022 edition in Hangzhou.
The decision was taken at the OCA's General Assembly here.
"Yes, cricket has been included in the sports programme for 2022 Hangzhou Games," OCA honorary vice-president Randhir Singh told PTI.
Cricket was dropped from the 2018 Asian Games in Indonesia after featuring in 2010 and 2014, albeit without the presence of the game's powerhouse India.
India opted out of the quadrennial event owing to the team's packed international schedule.
Read: Sri Lanka secures $11.5 mn withheld by ICC
The Indian Olympic Association welcomed the decision of the OCA to include cricket in the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games programme.
"We welcome the decision of the OCA. Which format will be played is not yet confirmed but it is a welcome decision," said IOA Secretary General Rajeev Mehta, who attended the General Assembly in Bangkok.
Cricket was played in 1998 Commonwealth Games where South Africa, led by Shaun Pollock won the gold beating Steve Waugh-led Australia in the final. - Getty Images
He said the IOA would want to have an Indian cricket team in the 2022 Asian Games.
"The IOA will request the BCCI to send a cricket team in the 2022 Asian Games. India can win in both men and women's events and increase its medal tally," Mehta said.
In all probability, the T20 format will be played at the Asian Games, like it happened during the 2010 and 2014 edition in Guangzhou and Incheon respectively.
Since the mega event is still some years away, the BCCI has plenty of time to deliberate on the Indian team's participation.
"There is a lot of time to go for 2022 Asian Games. In due time, we will discuss and decide," a BCCI official said.
Also Read: England coaching duo voice Pakistan hopes on anniversary of Lahore attack
The decision to include cricket in the 2022 programme was on expected lines after OCA honorary vice-president Randhir Singh visited Hangzhou last month to zero in on a suitable venue.
Sri Lanka and Pakistan won the men's and women's gold in 2014 while Bangladesh and Pakistan claimed the top honours in 2010.
Cricket has also been played once at the Commonwealth Games, in 1998, when India and Pakistan sent teams to Kuala Lumpur. However, the Shaun Pollock-led South Africa won the gold there and Australia, captained by Steve Waugh, the silver.
In the 2014 Asian Games, OCA president Sheikh Ahmad Al Fahad Al Sabah had criticised the BCCI for not sending its teams for the second edition in a row.
"I'm sorry that India, for the second Games, did not send a team. I respect their decision but I believe the people in charge are not interested in promotion of the game but only in making it a business, in making money out of it. They want to control the market and control the game," he had said.
In another major decision taken at the OCA General Assembly on Sunday, it was announced that Oceania countries, including Australia, will be invited to compete at the 2022 Asian Games.
It was reported that the number of Oceania athletes who will be allowed to compete in Hangzhou will be decided at a later date.
Indian Olympic Association
Incheon Games
2022 Asian Games

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Volume 25 | Issue 3
Page Nos. 117-170
Online since Wednesday, July 2, 2014
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Plasma long pentraxin 3 as a marker of endothelial dysfunction in early diabetic nephropathy p. 117
Amr A. El Meligi, Alaa M. Abdel Hamid, Manal A. Aziz, Hemmat E. El Haddadd, Marian F. Ishak, Elham M. Yousief
DOI:10.7123/01.EJIM.0000433328.59695.f9
This study investigated the utility of measuring plasma long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels in the early detection of endothelial dysfunction compared with Von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity and flow-dependent arterial dilatation (well-known markers of endothelial dysfunction) in early diabetic nephropathy.
A total of 50 Egyptian patients with type 2 diabetes and 20 healthy controls were recruited from the Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism center, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University. The diabetic patients were divided into two equal groups of comparable age and sex: group I consisted of patients with normal urinary albumin excretion and group II consisted of patients with microalbuminuria.
In group II, the plasma PTX3 level was significantly higher (median value 2.3 ng/ml) and the mean flow-mediated dilatation (FMD; 0.433±0.059) was significantly lower when compared with the control group (PTX3 1.15 ng/ml, FMD 0.901±0.04; P<00001) and with group I (PTX3 1.2 ng/ml, FMD 0.627±0.05; P<0.0001). The vWF activity (median value) was significantly higher in the two diabetic groups compared with controls (20.2, 16.3 and 4% in group I, group II, and controls, respectively; P<0.0001), with no significant difference between the two diabetic groups. There was a significant positive correlation between PTX3 levels and vWF activity (P<0.001), diabetes duration, and concentration of fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, cholesterol, and triglyceride and a significant negative correlation between PTX3 levels and FMD (P<0.001) in all diabetic patients. In group II, there was a significant positive correlation between PTX3 levels and vWF activity (r=0.603, P=0.001).
PTX3 may represent a useful endothelial dysfunction marker in early diabetes nephropathy.
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Right ventricular dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease on regular hemodialysis p. 127
Mohamed Momtaz, Hussein Al Fishawy, Ula Mabid Aljarhi, Rabei Z. Al-Ansi, Mohamed A. Megid, Mahmoud Khaled
DOI:10.7123/01.EJIM.0000432302.99518.c5
Although there are considerable data on the changes in left ventricular function in hemodialysis (HD) patients, only a few studies on right ventricular (RV) function can be found in the literature. We investigated the changes in RV function in HD patients.
We examined 74 individuals grouped as follows: healthy controls (n=24) and HD patients (n=50). Echocardiography including tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) of the RV was performed in all patients.
HD patients had significantly lower RV systolic indices than control participants in right ventricle fractional area change (normal 35–63%) (37.54±9.86 vs. 43.5±4.8%, P<0.001), tricuspid plane systolic excursion (normal 1.6–3 cm) (2.09±0.49 vs. 2.61±0.36 cm, P<0.001), STDISº wave (7.99±1.37 vs. 9.66±1.86 cm/s, P<0.001), and LTDISº wave (peak systolic velocity at lateral tricuspid annulus; normal: 10–19 cm/s) (11.86±2.86 vs.16.04±3.60, P<0.001). HD patients had statistically significantly higher systolic pulmonary pressure (normal<35 mmHg at rest) compared with those in the control group (32.75±10.11 vs. 25.23±3.99, P<0.001). There were no statistically significant correlations between systolic pulmonary pressure and RV dimensions or RV function indices.
Subclinical RV dysfunction – as estimated by RV function indices; tricuspid plane systolic excursion, right ventricle fractional area change, and LTDISº – is increased among HD patients. A high prevalence of pulmonary hypertension was found among HD patients and this was not associated significantly with RV or left ventricular dysfunction in these patients.
Fractalkine in type 2 Egyptian diabetics with and without nephropathy p. 133
Ebtissam Zakaria, Hoda Al-Rawi, Nashwa S. Ghanem, Naglaa M. Elsayed, Laila A. Rashed
DOI:DOI: 10.7123/01.EJIM.0000432173.94048.48
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Diabetic nephropathy is the major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus; one of the earliest clinical signs of diabetic nephropathy is an elevated urinary albumin excretion (UAE), referred to as microalbuminuria. Fractalkine is a large cytokine protein of 373 amino acids; it contains multiple domains. Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a unique chemokine and the only representative of the CX3C group. It exists as a membrane-bound and soluble form. It interacts with cells expressing CX3CR1, a G-coupled protein receptor. It is also commonly known by the names fractalkine (in humans) and neurotactin (in mice).
Our study aimed to assess fractalkine levels in type 2 Egyptian diabetic patients with and without diabetic nephropathy and its role as a marker in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Patients and methods
Our study was carried out on 75 individuals: 25 controls, 25 type 2 diabetic patients without diabetic nephropathy, and 25 type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. These patients were subjected to a full laboratory workup including fasting and postprandial blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1C, serum urea and creatinine, 24-h UAE, and fractalkine level.
Results and conclusion
Our study showed that the serum fractalkine concentration was significantly elevated in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy (1153.14±261.1) compared with type 2 diabetic patients without nephropathy (705.78±150.59) and the control group (251.5±64) (both P=0.000). There was a significant correlation between serum fractalkine level and 24-h UAE, HBA1C, and serum creatinine. Thus, this positive correlation between serum fractalkine level and UAE could be an early predictor of microvascular complications in diabetic patients. We can conclude that serum fractalkine plays a pathogenic role in the development of diabetic nephropathy.
Apolipoprotein B level and diabetic microvascular complications ( is there a correlation?) p. 137
Mary N. Rizk, Hala Aly, Pierre Samir, Hala el Mofty, Osama K. Allah
DOI:10.7123/01.EJIM.0000432236.92356.43
Dyslipidemia has long been implicated in diabetic complications. However, many subgroups have been considered to be responsible. Furthermore, a cause and effect relationship has long been debated. Apolipoprotein B (Apo B) is an exact measure of the total number of very low-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein particles; thus, total plasma Apo B is a reliable surrogate for actual low-density lipoprotein particle number irrespective of its size. Hence, it is a better indicator of the correlation between dyslipidemia and diabetic microvascular complications.
Aim of the work
Our aim is to study the correlation between Apo B and diabetic microvascular complications, namely, nephropathy and retinopathy.
A cross sectional study was carried out of 56 diabetic patients, 36 men and 20 women, both type 1 and 2, who were chosen randomly from the outpatient Endocrinology Clinic in Cairo University. Serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate, urine albumin/creatinine ratio (A/C ratio), and Apo B levels were determined. Groups were divided according to the A/C ratio as follows: no proteinuria (A/C ratio<30 mg/g), incipient proteinuria (30–300 mg/g), and overt proteinuria (>300 mg/g). We performed fundus examination as well as fluorescein angiography in patients with retinopathy. Patients on dialysis, HBA1c more than 7.5, on lipid-lowering treatment, or with familial hyperlipidemia were excluded. Calculations were carried out using the SPSS v.10 statistical software.
We found a significant positive correlation between Apo B levels and microvascular complications. Apo B was higher with overt nephropathy than incipient nephropathy (1.75±0.38), and higher in patients with incipient nephropathy (1.4±0.48) than in patients without nephropathy (1.02±0.34, P<0.01).
A highly significant correlation was detected between the grades of retinopathy and the Apo B level. Finally, a significant positive correlation was detected between the presence of maculopathy and Apo B. Apo B levels were significantly higher in the presence of both nephropathy and retinopathy (1.26±0.389) than in the absence of both complications (0.77±0.361, P<0.05).
Apo B levels are strongly correlated to diabetic microvascular complications. The higher the degree of nephropathy, the higher the Apo B level. The presence of more than one microvascular complication correlates positively with high levels of Apo B. This suggests the possible use of Apo B as a sensitive biomarker of the presence of early diabetic microvascular complications.
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Visfatin and adiponectin as early markers of atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus p. 143
Ibtissam Zakaria, Mary N. Rizk, Maha Rakha, Amal Shehaby
As cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in type 2 diabetes mellitus, new markers for early detection and risk stratification of diabetic macroangiopathy and microangiopathy are highly desired. Adipocytokines were considered to lead to an increased risk of vascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes by modulating vascular function and affecting the inflammatory process, thus enhancing atherosclerosis. Two of these were of particular interest, namely, visfatin and adiponectin.
The aim of this study was to evaluate serum visfatin, serum, and urinary adiponectin as early, sensitive surrogate markers of vascular atherosclerosis. We also correlated the levels of these markers to the degree of carotid intimal medial thickness (reflecting the atherosclerotic burden) in type 2 diabetic patients.
Sixty diabetic patients were subdivided into two groups: group I (30 patients with carotid atherosclerosis as assessed by carotid Doppler) and group II (30 patients without carotid atherosclerosis). Twenty healthy volunteers participated as controls. Serum visfatin as well as serum and urinary adiponectin were assessed in all the study groups. We found significantly higher levels of serum visfatin among diabetics compared with the control group. Visfatin was also significantly higher in group I diabetics with atherosclerosis than those without (P<0.05). Similarly, urinary adiponectin was significantly higher in group I than in group II and in diabetics than in the control group. Serum adiponectin was higher in the control group than both the study groups. Using a regression model, visfatin proved to be the only significant predictor in the model (β=0.03, P<0.001). In fact, visfatin alone proved significant, explaining 63% of the variability in carotid intima-media thickness (P<0.001).
Serum visfatin is highly correlated with macrovascular complications in diabetic patients. Serum visfatin may emerge as a valuable and cheaper surrogate marker for the prediction of prevalent macrovascular complications in a type 2 diabetic population. It is a novel and easy-to-obtain method for the clinical assessment of vascular stress and cardiovascular disease risk in type 2 diabetes. Future prospective studies are needed to confirm our results.
Renalase gene polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with and without hypertension p. 149
Wael Refaie, Ahmad Elewa
Blood pressure (BP) is acutely regulated by the sympathetic nervous system through the action of vasoactive hormones (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Renalase, a recently discovered enzyme with monoamine oxidase activity is implicated in the degradation of catecholamines with a possible role in BP maintenance and cardiac protection against hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular (CV) events.
The aim of this study was to identify the potential involvement of renalase gene polymorphisms in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with or without HTN in the absence of diabetic nephropathy and to illustrate the role of renalase gene single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2576178 and rs10887800) in CV events.
This was a cross-sectional study.
A total of 180 patients with T2DM attending the diabetes and cardiology clinics of Mansoura Hospital were recruited in the study: 100 patients with T2DM with HTN and 80 patients with T2DM who were normotensive. Further, 50 apparently healthy individuals matched in age and sex were included as a reference group. Clinical and laboratory examinations stressing on symptoms and signs of diabetes and HTN complications and ECG and Holter ECG monitoring stressing on QTc and QTd were performed; BMI, lipograms, microalbumin levels, and serum creatinine levels were also determined. Patients with renal disease, hepatic disease, and heart failure, those with previous or present renal or suprarenal lesions or endocrinopathies, and those with secondary HTN were excluded from the study. Genotype determination for two single-nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2576178 and rs10887800) in the renalase gene was carried out using the PCR method.
The frequency of the GG allele of rs2576178 and rs10887800 was insignificantly higher in the diabetic hypertensive group than in the diabetic normotensive group. Both diabetic groups showed higher levels of GG alleles than the control group. The frequency of the GA allele of rs2576178 was significantly higher in the diabetic hypertensive group in comparison with the normotensive diabetic group. The allele frequency of G and A alleles of both studied renalases was also higher in the diabetic hypertensive group in comparison with the diabetic normotensive group; however, the differences were insignificant. The genotype distribution and allele frequencies did not show any statistically significant association with BMI, neuropathy, retinopathy, myocardial ischemia, QTc, or QTd.
The renalase gene can be potentially involved in BP regulation in T2DM. Further large-scale studies on the relationship between renalase and acute coronary syndrome and CV events are warranted.
Comorbidities associated with Egyptian diabetic foot disease subtypes p. 154
Mary N. Rizk, Ashraf I. Ameen
Diabetic foot problems are highly prevalent, responsible for almost 50% of all diabetes-related hospital admissions and a 10-year reduction in life expectancy. The main factors involved in the pathology of diabetic foot are neuropathy, ischemia, and infection. The comorbidities of diabetes are hypertension, obesity, and dyslipidemia. Because of the huge premature morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes, prevention of complications is a key issue and, therefore, it is essential to understand the basic mechanisms that lead to tissue damage.
The aim of our study was to detect the association between patient comorbidities, chronic complications, and different diabetic foot types for the early detection and management of these conditions.
We carried out a cross-sectional study of 80 consecutive outpatient Egyptian patients with diabetic foot disease in the National Institute of Diabetes and Endocrinology.
Sixty-three percent were purely neuropathic, followed by 19% that were neuroischemic, whereas 18% were of the ischemic type. Hypertension is the most common comorbid condition and coronary artery disease is highly prevalent in the ischemic and neuroischemic types. The coexistence of hypercholesterolemia, smoking, diabetes, and male sex appears to significantly increase the incidence of ischemic diabetic foot. Nephropathy and retinopathy are significantly associated with neuropathic foot ulcers. Hypertriglyceridemia correlates positively to ischemic and neuroischemic ulcers whereas low HDL and proteinuria correlate positively to both neuropathic and neuroischemic ulcers.
Special attention should be paid toward the identification of patients who are at risk of foot ulceration to help prevent foot problems. Comorbid conditions must also be identified early and managed aggressively.
Everolimus in Erdheim–Chester disease p. 159
Mohamed A. Hussein, Ali El-Hindawi, Gaafar Ragab
A 43-year-old man presented with bony pains, repeated pathological fractures with overlying skin ulcerations, and forearm and chest wall swellings. Investigations led to the diagnosis of Erdheim–Chester disease. Treatment with low-dose prednisolone, oral everolimus, and zoledronic acid was started, with a marked improvement in his condition.
MCQ Questions and answers p. 164
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Questions and guide to answers p. 165
Amal F. Radwan, Zaynab H. ElGammal
DOI:10.7123/01.EJIM.0000433330.96336.d2


text:
Q: RestKit willMapData: The following code receives a JSON response from my server, which consists of an array of elements, each having a 'created_at' and an 'updated_at' key. For all of these elements, I want to remove a single character (a colon) in the strings that are set for these two keys.
- (void)objectLoader:(RKObjectLoader*)loader willMapData:(inout id *)mappableData {
    // Convert the ISO 8601 date's colon in the time-zone offset to be easily parsable
    // by Objective-C's NSDateFormatter (which works according to RFC 822).
    // Simply remove the colon (:) that divides the hours from the minutes:
    // 2011-07-13T04:58:56-07:00 --> 2011-07-13T04:58:56-0700 (delete the 22nd char)
    NSArray *dateKeys = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"created_at", @"updated_at", nil];
    for(NSMutableDictionary *dict in [NSArray arrayWithArray:(NSArray*)*mappableData])
    for(NSString *dateKey in dateKeys) {
        NSString *ISO8601Value = (NSString*)[dict valueForKey:dateKey];
        NSMutableString *RFC822Value = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:ISO8601Value];
        [RFC822Value deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(22, 1)];
        [dict setValue:RFC822Value forKey:dateKey];
        [RFC822Value release];
    }
}

However, the line [dict setValue:RFC822Value forKey:dateKey]; raises an NSUnknownKeyException with the message this class is not key value coding-compliant for the key created_at.
What am I doing wrong here? My main issue is maybe that I don't really feel comfortable with this inout declaration...

A: Your inout declaration looks OK to me. I suggest you to print mappableData with NSLog to see what does it actually look like.
Edit: Based on the discussion in the comments, mappableData in this case is actually a collection of JKDictionary objects. JKDictionary is defined in JSONKit.h (a JSON parsing library that RestKit is using) as a subclass of NSDictionary. Therefore, it's not a mutable dictionary and does not implement [NSMutableDictionary setValue:forKey:]. That's why you're getting NSUnknownKeyException during runtime.
One way to achieve what you want could be something like that (not tested!):
- (void)objectLoader:(RKObjectLoader*)loader willMapData:(inout id *)mappableData {
    // Convert the ISO 8601 date's colon in the time-zone offset to be easily parsable
    // by Objective-C's NSDateFormatter (which works according to RFC 822).
    // Simply remove the colon (:) that divides the hours from the minutes:
    // 2011-07-13T04:58:56-07:00 --> 2011-07-13T04:58:56-0700 (delete the 22nd char)
    NSArray *dateKeys = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"created_at", @"updated_at", nil];
    NSMutableArray *reformattedData = [NSMutableArray arrayWithCapacity:[*mappableData count]];

    for(id dict in [NSArray arrayWithArray:(NSArray*)*mappableData]) {
        NSMutableDictionary* newDict = [dict mutableCopy];
        for(NSString *dateKey in dateKeys) {
            NSMutableString *RFC822Value = [[newDict valueForKey:dateKey] mutableCopy];
            [RFC822Value deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(22, 1)];
            [newDict setValue:RFC822Value forKey:dateKey];
        }
        [reformattedData addObject:newDict];
    }
    *mappableData = reformattedData;
}

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I have been messing around with interfacing my raspberry pi with the keyboard and somewhere in the future the lcd. Yesterday I was bored and decided to fool around with the speaker. I found this post and followed it to figure out how to work the speaker. I then found this post that has code to play the mario theme using an arduino. I took his code and melded it with the softone example from wiringpi to make it work on the raspberry pi. I also added some code from okLed.c to get the ACT light to blink in time with the song kind of. The code I ended up with is is below.
*    (at your option) any later version.
*    GNU Lesser General Public License for more details.
*    along with wiringPi.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
ground(GND) pin on the Arduino.


text:
Title: Torrential and Flash Flood Warning: General Overview and Uses of Localized Hydropower
Authors: Schismenos, S., Emmanouloudis, D.. Stevens, G., and Eslamian, S.
Imprint: CRC Press
Publisher: Taylor and Francis
Over recent years the use of hydrological models for forecasting water-based disasters (WD) has improved flood management capabilities worldwide. However, many of these applications present homogenous and generalized solutions based, in part, on limited data inputs related to incomplete or inaccurate calculation of variables. Furthermore, the focus of such systems is on large-scale areas and as a result, torrential and flash floods that occur mainly at the local level cannot be easily predicted. Consequently, wrong or missed alarms lead to property damage and human losses, especially in remote, riparian areas. This study presents a general overview of hydrological and flood forecasting models that are used in water resources and WD management around the world. It explains why early warning strategies based on these systems often fail at the local level and considers whether localized hydropower applications can be used during WD to power flood early warning systems at this scale. Specifically, it describes the concept of a combined off-grid hydropower generator with localized early warning systems in areas with high flood risk probability and hydropower potential. This system could improve limited flood response mechanisms at the local level and increase the survival rates during extreme WD.
Title: Soil governance in Greece: A snapshot
Authors: Schismenos, S., Emmanouloudis, D, Stevens, G., Katopodes, N. and Melessee, A.M.
Journal: Soil Security
DOI: 10.1016/j.soisec.2022.100035
For thousands of years, soil resources in Greece have been a critical underpinning of local socio-economies. However, soil threats are increasing rapidly, primarily due to human activity and the impacts of climate change. Greek and other European state governments have established legal frameworks to protect soil, but there is a great need for centralization and harmonization with European Law. This chapter highlights the importance of integrated soil governance frameworks that could be applied at the regional or international level while also supporting public engagement and local focus. It also considers the urgent need to address erosion – a major threat to soil resources in Greece that affects local well-being, environmental sustainability and heritage sites.
Title: Environmental sustainability and ecotourism of riparian and deltaic ecosystems: opportunities for rural Eastern Macedonia and Thrace, Greece
Authors: Schismenos, S., Zaimes, G.N., Iakovoglou, V., and Emmanouloudis, D.
Journal: International Journal of Environmental Studies
Human and wildlife well-being are linked to riparian and deltaic ecosystems. Human impacts and climate changes affect their environmental sustainability. To secure their protection, various national laws and international agreements have been established. Ecotourism can assist in promoting conservation for sustainability and economic improvement. This study reviews work bearing on these matters, especially with regard to the unique region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace in Greece.
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Experts Talk
My Safety Approved LLC © 2023


text:
Mankind should share sorrows when facing COVID-19
BEIJING, Feb. 18, 2020 /PRNewswire/ — A news report by China.org.cn on some Western media's virus-related xenophobic comments against China:
The 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is currently under the spotlight around the world, with cases having been confirmed in over 25 countries. As the world struggles to contain the epidemic, some Western media have been spreading virus-related xenophobic comments against China.
Earlier this month, the U.S. newspaper The Wall Street Journal published an article under the headline "China Is the Real Sick Man of Asia." The French daily newspaper Courrier Picard published a print headline reading "Yellow alert" (Alerte jaune), with its online version titled "New yellow peril?" (Nouveau peril jaune); and the Australian Herald Sun ran the headline "Chinese Virus Pandamonium," with a deliberate misspelling referring to China's national animal the giant panda. Even some politicians in the West have made absurd remarks about the outbreak.
That ordinary people worry about being infected is understandable. However, it is spiteful for media outlets to spread rumors and blatant discrimination. Under their incitement, many overseas Chinese and even people from other Asian countries have been stigmatized and abused. Such behaviors go against something that Western media and politicians have long advocated for – "humanitarianism." The coronavirus has exposed deep-seated racism in some people's minds, which is symptomatic of a long history of discrimination.
Look closely at the comments and reports that have attacked China. Some urged their governments to immediately ban the entry of Chinese nationals, some think the virus has painted a doom-and-gloom picture of China's economy and prospects, while others have accused China of violating human rights and being undemocratic. These clichés uncover long-standing biases and misunderstandings about Chinese society and the country's system. It is irresponsible and ungracious for politicians to make insensitive comments such as suggesting that the coronavirus "will help to accelerate the return of jobs to North America." In an era of globalization, if the virus spreads around the world, barely anyone can remain unaffected.
COVID-19 is a disaster for both China and the world. Together with the WHO and relevant countries, China is going all-out to fight the epidemic and making great efforts to safeguard regional and global public health security. This has been discussed much in our previous programs.
These ridiculous words and deeds have drawn widespread criticisms. Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau warned against the rise of discrimination as fears of the coronavirus spread; while Singapore's Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said that the outbreak is a public health event, and anti-Chinese sentiment is foolish, illogical and unhelpful for containing the virus. Many people have seen China's rapid and tough measures to control the epidemic, and numerous countries have extended their support and assistance to China. This has made the Chinese feel warm-hearted and even more confident.
Viruses do not check people's passports before entering the body, nor do they respect national borders. Battling COVID-19 and protecting people's lives and health are the common goals of all mankind. Mankind should share one heart and one destiny.
China Mosaic
http://www.china.org.cn/video/node_7230027.htm
http://www.china.org.cn/video/2020-02/18/content_75718873.htm
View original content to download multimedia:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/mankind-should-share-sorrows-when-facing-covid-19-301006725.html
SOURCE China.org.cn


text:
Dorowo [] () es un pueblo ubicado en el distrito administrativo de Gmina Resko, dentro del Distrito de Łobez, Voivodato de Pomerania Occidental, en el norte de Polonia occidental. Se encuentra aproximadamente a 6 kilómetros al sureste de Resko, a 18 kilómetros al noroeste de Łobez, y a 69 kilómetros al noreste de la capital regional Szczecin.

Antes de 1945, el área fue parte de Alemania. Para la historia de la región, vea Historia de Pomerania.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Voivodato de Pomerania Occidental

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


this. and one of their own staff who works in Mozambique, Dr.
from Cambodia, and this is in two different parts of the same project area.
on the effectiveness of care groups in terms of lowering under fiv e mortality.
year and a half or so of the project they implemented the same program in area B.
place during that initial period when vital events weren't being registered.
a fairly dramatic decline in mortalities result of this methodology.
between 4,500 and almost 7,000 child deaths.
with other approaches, make it very highly cost effective and effective intervention.
effective terms of reducing under five mortality as estimated by the LiST, too.
And very low cost is based on the calculated cost per beneficiary per year.
through this analysis. And in comparison with other more comprehensive programs.


text:
Biografia
Esponente della corrente migliorista del Partito Comunista Italiano, dopo le elezioni amministrative del 1985 fu eletto dal Consiglio provinciale di Mantova Presidente della Provincia, carica che gli fu riconfermata nel 1990.
Alle elezioni politiche del 1992 entrò nella Camera dei deputati in rappresentanza del PDS, avendo ottenuto oltre 8000 preferenze nella circoscrizione Mantova-Cremona. Abbandonò perciò il suo incarico alla provincia; l'impossibilità di trovare un accordo sul suo sostituto portò ad elezioni anticipate.

Non ricandidato nel 1994, accusò con toni duri Massimo D'Alema e Davide Visani di voler effettuare una "pulizia etnica" verso la corrente a cui apparteneva.

Nel 1997 ritornò nell'amministrazione provinciale: fu scelto come vicepresidente dalla nuova presidente della provincia Tiziana Gualtieri, del PPI, e gli fu conferito l'assessorato alla Programmazione-Pianificazione territoriale e Trasporti. In questa veste si occupò molto della navigazione sul fiume Po.

Morì all'età di 47 anni per un infarto.

Era membro del Partito Radicale Transnazionale.

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Presidenti della Provincia di Mantova
Politici del Partito Comunista Italiano
Politici del Partito Democratico della Sinistra
Deputati dell'XI legislatura della Repubblica Italiana


text:
Listening Beyond…
Elainie Lillios
Listening Beyond… has been performed in Baton Rouge, Berlin, Bowling Green, Chicago, Edinburgh, Indianapolis, London, Mobile, Nîmes, San Francisco, Sheffield and Thessaloniki…
Listening Beyond… explores the relationship between sound and silence and their intersection in space while simultaneously merging my interests in Deep Listening, Ambisonics, and electroacoustics.
[iii-11]
Listening Beyond… was realized in 2007 at the Electroacoustic Studio of the Center for Computation & Technology, Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge (LA, USA), and premiered on December 3, 2007 during the High Voltage concert in the Recital Hall at Louisiana State University. The piece was commissioned by Louisiana State University's Center for Computation & Technology. Thanks to Stephen David Beck, Michael Thompson, Corey Knoll, Megan Bell, and Elizabeth Hanson for technical assistance and support.
December 3, 2007, High Voltage, Recital Hall — School of Music — Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge (Louisiana, USA)
Listening Beyond… (2007), 8:20
Ambisonics multichannel fixed medium
Baton Rouge (Louisiana, USA)
Bowling Green (Ohio, USA)
Faculty Composers' Forum
Mobile (Alabama, USA)
7th Annual Electroacoustic Music Concert
London (England, UK)
Berlin (Germany)
International Sound Art Festival Berlin 2015: Close and Far
Indianapolis (Indiana, USA)
14th Annual Elektronik Musik Fest
Thessaloniki (Greece)
Xenakis Festival 2017: Concert 1
Chicago (Illinois, USA)
CCPA 2017 Electro Acoustic Music Festival: Concert 2
Nîmes (Gard, France)
Acousmatrix #5
Edinburgh (Scotland, UK)
Octosono 2.02
Sound Junction Online: Sound Junction Online Spring 2021
October 12, 2011	 Elainie Lillios, Listening Beyond… (2007), 8:20	 Kicks / Radio Centraal (Belgium)
December 11, 2011	 Elainie Lillios, Listening Beyond… (2007), 8:20	 Martian Gardens / WMUA 91.1 FM (USA)
April 14, 2012	 Elainie Lillios, Listening Beyond… (2007), 8:20	 Daniel Blumin / WFMU 91.1 FM (USA)
December 8, 2014	 Elainie Lillios, Listening Beyond… (2007), 8:20	 Acoustic Frontiers / CKCU 93.1 FM (Canada)
January 12, 2015	 Elainie Lillios, Listening Beyond… (2007), 8:20	 Acoustic Frontiers / CKCU 93.1 FM (Canada)
Development: DIM.	0.36673021316528s


text:
Erykah Badu Debuts "Window Seat" on "Fallon": On the Scene
March 4th, 2010 by Rolling Stone Leave a reply »
At noon yesterday, Erykah Badu strolled into the cramped, freezing Studio 6B at New York's NBC Studios in Rockefeller Center to rehearse "Window Seat" for Late Night With Jimmy Fallon. The singer, who's prepping for the release of New Amerykah Part Two: Return of the Ankh on March 30th, arrived in a Slash-style top hat (which she wore on-air) atop her waist-long dreadlocks and walked straight into the center of the action, where a seven-piece band, including Roots drummer ?uestlove, had been warming up, running through the tune's silken groove over and over again. Badu offered a few musical directions regarding the bass and her backup singers, and rehearsed the song with her eyes closed, in deep focus.
If Badu was nervous when the show taped several hours later, nobody could tell: watch the full performance above, and keep an eye out for Rolling Stone's feature on the singer in an upcoming issue. Plus, read more about New Amerykah Part Two in our new issue's Spring Music Preview, where Badu reveals she recorded "Window Seat" in her shower to achieve the track's moody vibe: "I wanted to sound like I was in a tunnel. I got my laptop and closed the door."
• Erykah Badu, Lil Wayne Channel Funkadelic for "Jump in the Air"
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text:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
  <title>Test muted autoplay videos interaction with data saver off</title>
  <script src="../resources/testharness.js"></script>
  <script src="../resources/testharnessreport.js"></script>
  <script src="media-file.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<script>
  window.internals.settings.setMediaPlaybackRequiresUserGesture(true);
  window.internals.runtimeFlags.autoplayMutedVideosEnabled = true;
  window.internals.settings.setDataSaverEnabled(true);

  promise_test(function(t)
  {
    var video = document.createElement('video');
    video.src = findMediaFile('video', 'content/test');
    video.muted = true;
    return promise_rejects(t,
      new DOMException('play() can only be initiated by a user gesture.',
                       'NotAllowedError'),
      video.play());
  });
</script>
</body>
</html>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Netflix has commissioned six original kids series, one from the LEGO Group and another from ITV Studios that will debut in the UK on CiTV.
The series are LEGO Elves, Robozuna, The Hollow, Kibaoh Klashers, Super Monsters and Treehouse Detectives.
LEGO Elves is notable for extending production partnership between SVOD giant Netflix and Denmark's LEGO Group. It comes after LEGO Bionicle: The Journey to One (pictured) and LEGO Friends: The Power of Friendship, both Netflix originals, and debuts an eight-episode run in 2017.
It follows the Elves hero Emily Jones and her elf friends, who attempt to save her kidnapped sister from the Goblin King and free Goblin Village from his tyrannical rule.
Robozuna comes from ITV Studios, which is produced for Netflix globally, excluding the UK, where it first plays on CiTV before joining the local Netflix surface.
Debuting globally on Netflix in 2018, it follows a pair of characters who attempt to find their way home while engaging in an "unending clash of good over evil".
The Hollow is from Slap Happy Cartoons, and follows three teens who wake up who wake up in an underground bunker, and have to find a way out of a maze of bizarre towns, dangerous beasts and quirky characters. It debuts in 2018.
Kibaoh Klashers is a Saban Brands production, and will debut next year. It follow a young beetle who wants to follow in his parents' footsteps as a champion car racer, but clashes with an evil prime minister who tries to use a racing event to take over the realm.
Super Monsters is a third collaboration of Netflix, producer Avi Arad and 41 Entertainment, coming after Kong: King of the Apes and the upcoming Edgar Rice Burroughs' Tarzan and Jane. It follows a group of friends at a supernatural preschool, where they attempt to master their seemingly untameable powers, and has a 2017 airdate pencilled in.
Treehouse Detectives, from Saban Brands and Korean studio Sunwoo Animation, is about two curious bears who solve neighbourhood mysteries.
Season one debuts on Netflix globally in 2018 and at a later date in South Korea.


text:
For Your RV
Dual Alarms
Propane/LP Gas Alarms
For Your Boat
Marine Carbon Monoxide Alarms
Gas Fume, Fire, Bilge Water Alarms
Trailer Docks
Natural Gas/Propane (LP) Gas Alarm
Contact MTI
HFD: Carbon monoxide levels high in apartment where woman died
Henderson, KY – HENDERSON, Ky. (WFIE) – Firefighters detected high levels of carbon monoxide inside of a home after a woman died and two children were found in "serious condition."
According to the Henderson Fire Department, crews were called around 10 p.m. Saturday to North Elm Street "for a medical emergency." The news release says firefighters found a woman and two children in the apartment.
We are told by the Henderson County Coroner's Office the woman has been identified as Nancy Powell.
The Henderson Fire Department says Powell was pronounced dead at the scene while the children were taken to Methodist Hospital. The news release says the kids showed signs "consistent with carbon monoxide poisoning."
While the source of the gas was not clear, firefighters determined a high level of carbon monoxide was in the air inside the home.
"Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths tend to increase in the winter but can happen year-round," the news release explains. "Carbon monoxide, or CO, has no odor, color or taste. CO poisoning symptoms include headache, dizziness, chest pain, vomiting, confusion and eventually unconsciousness."
Kimberly Brady also lives at the complex. She says she was woken up and told to leave the building. She tells us that she had to stay at a friend's house overnight.
"It was a scary feeling coming through me," Brady said. "And we just did what they said to do."
According to the Henderson Fire Department, the current conditions of the hospitalized children are not being released.
As the investigation continues, the Henderson Fire Department is telling people to make sure they have working carbon monoxide detectors.
"Actually last night was the perfect time. When the time falls back or goes ahead, you check your carbon monoxide detectors, switch the batteries to make sure they're working properly," said Lt. Josh Dixon.
Dixon also says as it gets cold, people start using gas to heat their homes.
"If you running gas appliances or furnaces, and those things, and that type of nature. Always call your local utility company – probably once a year. Have them come out, make sure everything is vented properly and that will help out tremendously."
According to the National Safety Council, the main symptoms from Carbon Monoxide poisoning are headaches, shortness of breath, vomiting and loss of muscular coordination.
Carbon monoxide poisoning suspected in Chicago woman's death January 14, 2021
1 wounded in Middletown house explosion; fire chief suspects natural gas January 12, 2021
2 people injured after house explosion in Grady County, officials say January 11, 2021
High Levels Of Carbon Monoxide Detected In East Harlem Apartment Building, 5 Taken To Hospital January 11, 2021
Five sickened in Wakefield, Neb. carbon monoxide leak January 11, 2021
Frankfort family of five survives carbon monoxide poisoning on Christmas Eve January 5, 2021
Gas leak likely caused Peoria County home explosion January 4, 2021
Nearly 100 evacuated from Madison shelter early Wednesday January 4, 2021
Two Transported to Hospital After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning in Hollywood Apartment Building January 4, 2021
Carbon monoxide poisoning sends 8 in northwest Roanoke to hospital early Sunday January 4, 2021
Archives Select Month January 2021 December 2020 November 2020 October 2020 September 2020 August 2020 July 2020 June 2020 May 2020 April 2020 March 2020 February 2020 January 2020 December 2019 November 2019 October 2019 September 2019 August 2019 July 2019 June 2019 May 2019 April 2019 March 2019 February 2019 January 2019 December 2018 November 2018 October 2018 September 2018 August 2018 July 2018 June 2018 May 2018 April 2018 March 2018 February 2018 January 2018 December 2017 November 2017 October 2017 September 2017 August 2017 July 2017 June 2017 May 2017 April 2017 March 2017 February 2017 January 2017 December 2016 November 2016 October 2016 September 2016 August 2016 July 2016 June 2016 May 2016 April 2016 March 2016 February 2016 January 2016 December 2015 November 2015 October 2015 September 2015 August 2015 July 2015 June 2015 May 2015 April 2015 March 2015 February 2015 January 2015 December 2014 November 2014 October 2014 September 2014 August 2014 July 2014 June 2014 May 2014 April 2014 March 2014 February 2014 January 2014 December 2013 November 2013 October 2013 September 2013 August 2013 July 2013 June 2013 May 2013 April 2013 March 2013 February 2013 January 2013 December 2012 November 2012 October 2012 September 2012 August 2012 July 2012 June 2012 May 2012 April 2012 March 2012 February 2012 January 2012 December 2011 November 2011 October 2011 September 2011 August 2011 July 2011 June 2011 May 2011 April 2011 March 2011 February 2011 January 2011 December 2010 November 2010 October 2010 September 2010 August 2010 July 2010 June 2010 May 2010 April 2010 March 2010 February 2010 January 2010 December 2009 November 2009 October 2009 September 2009 August 2009 July 2009 June 2009 May 2009 April 2009 March 2009 February 2009 January 2009 December 2008 November 2008 October 2008 September 2008 August 2008 July 2008 June 2008 May 2008 April 2008 March 2008 February 2008 January 2008 December 2007 November 2007 October 2007 September 2007 August 2007 July 2007 June 2007 May 2007 April 2007 March 2007 February 2007 January 2007 December 2006 November 2006 October 2006 September 2006 August 2006 July 2006 June 2006 May 2006 April 2006 March 2006 February 2006 January 2006 December 2005 November 2005 October 2005 September 2005 August 2005 July 2005 June 2005 May 2005 April 2005 March 2005 February 2005 January 2005 December 2004 November 2004 October 2004 September 2004 August 2004 July 2004 June 2004 May 2004 April 2004 March 2004 February 2004 January 2004 December 2003 November 2003 October 2003 September 2003 August 2003 July 2003 June 2003 May 2003 April 2003 March 2003 February 2003 January 2003 December 2002 November 2002 October 2002 September 2002 August 2002 July 2002 June 2002 May 2002 April 2002 January 2002 December 2001 November 2001 September 2001 July 2001 January 2001 November 2000


text:
Time taken to hit a pattern of heads and tails in a series of coin-tosses
Inspired by Peter Donnelly's talk at TED, in which he discusses how long it would take for a certain pattern to appear in a series of coin tosses, I created the following script in R. Given two patterns 'hth' and 'htt', it calculates how long it takes (i.e. how many coin tosses) on average before you hit one of these patterns.
coin <- c('h','t')
hit <- function(seq) {
miss <- TRUE
fail <- 3
trp  <- sample(coin,3,replace=T)
while (miss) {
if (all(seq == trp)) {
miss <- FALSE
trp <- c(trp[2],trp[3],sample(coin,1,T))
fail <- fail + 1
return(fail)
n <- 5000
trials <- data.frame("hth"=rep(NA,n),"htt"=rep(NA,n))
hth <- c('h','t','h')
htt <- c('h','t','t')
for (i in 1:n) {
trials[i,] <- c(hit(hth),hit(htt))
summary(trials)
The summary statistics are as follows,
hth             htt
Min.   : 3.00   Min.   : 3.000
1st Qu.: 4.00   1st Qu.: 5.000
Median : 8.00   Median : 7.000
Mean   :10.08   Mean   : 8.014
3rd Qu.:13.00   3rd Qu.:10.000
Max.   :70.00   Max.   :42.000
In the talk it is explained that the average number of coin tosses would be different for the two patterns; as can be seen from my simulation. Despite watching the talk a few times I'm still not quite getting why this would be the case. I understand that 'hth' overlaps itself and intuitively I would think that you would hit 'hth' sooner than 'htt', but this is not the case. I would really appreciate it if someone could explain this to me.
r probability stochastic-processes
gung♦
lafrasulafrasu
Think about what happens the first time you get an H followed by a T.
Case 1: you're looking for H-T-H, and you've seen H-T for the first time. If the next toss is H, you're done. If it's T, you're back to square one: since the last two tosses were T-T you now need the full H-T-H.
Case 2: you're looking for H-T-T, and you've seen H-T for the first time. If the next toss is T, you're done. If it's H, this is clearly a setback; however, it's a minor one since you now have the H and only need -T-T. If the next toss is H, this makes your situation no worse, whereas T makes it better, and so on.
Put another way, in case 2 the first H that you see takes you 1/3 of the way, and from that point on you never have to start from scratch. This is not true in case 1, where a T-T erases all progress you've made.
NPENPE
$\begingroup$ Ohh, so in this scenario the coin flipping doesn't stop when one pattern wins! That makes sense. This confused me for a while (haven't watched the TED talk) so I figured I'd comment to help others who might have been thinking the same thing. $\endgroup$ – Joe Nov 2 '16 at 12:54
Suppose you toss the coin $8n+2$ times and count the number of times you see a "HTH" pattern (including overlaps). The expected number is $n$. But it is also $n$ for "HTT". Since $HTH$ can overlap itself and "HTT" cannot, you would expect more clumping with "HTH", which increases the expected time for the first appearance of $HTH$.
Another way of looking at it is that after reaching "HT", a "T" will send "HTH" back to the start, while an "H" will start progress to a possible "HTT".
You can work out the two expected times using Conway's algorithm [I think], by looking at the overlaps: if the first $k$ tosses of the pattern match the last $k$, then add $2^k$. So for "HTH" you get $2+0+8=10$ as the expectation and for "HTT" you get $0+0+8=8$, confirming your simulation.
The oddness does not stop there. If you have a race between the two patterns, they have an equal probability of appearing first, and the expected time until one of them appears is $5$ (one more than expected time to get "HT", after which one of them must appear).
It gets worse: in Penney's game you choose a pattern to race and then I choose another. If you choose "HTH" then I will choose "HHT" and have 2:1 odds of winning; if you choose "HTT" then I will choose "HHT" again and still have 2:1 odds in my favour. But if you choose "HHT" then I will choose "THH" and have 3:1 odds. The second player can always bias the odds, and the best choices are not transitive.
HenryHenry
$\begingroup$ +1 Thanks for the link to Penney's game; more sleepless nights :) $\endgroup$ – lafrasu Jun 21 '11 at 18:53
$\begingroup$ Dear Henry, I asked a similar question on this site, and got told to look for an answer here. I looked at Penney's game, but still can't work out my problem. Any help will be appreciated. $\endgroup$ – superAnnoyingUser Apr 3 '13 at 20:09
I like to draw pictures.
These diagrams are finite state automata (FSAs). They are tiny children's games (like Chutes and Ladders) that "recognize" or "accept" the HTT and HTH sequences, respectively, by moving a token from one node to another in response to the coin flips. The token begins at the top node, pointed to by an arrow (line i). After each toss of the coin, the token is moved along the edge labeled with that coin's outcome (either H or T) to another node (which I will call the "H node" and "T node," respectively). When the token lands on a terminal node (no outgoing arrows, indicated in green) the game is over and the FSA has accepted the sequence.
Think of each FSA as progressing vertically down a linear track. Tossing the "right" sequence of heads and tails causes the token to progress towards its destination. Tossing a "wrong" value causes the token to back up (or at least stand still). The token backs up to the most advanced state corresponding to the most recent tosses. For instance, the HTT FSA at line ii stays put at line ii upon seeing a head, because that head could be the initial sequence of an eventual HTH. It does not go all the way back to the beginning, because that would effectively ignore this last head altogether.
After verifying these two games indeed correspond to HTT and HTH as claimed, and comparing them line by line, and it should now be obvious that HTH is harder to win. They differ in their graphical structure only on line iii, where an H takes HTT back to line ii (and a T accepts) but, in HTH, a T takes us all the way back to line i (and an H accepts). The penalty at line iii in playing HTH is more severe than the penalty in playing HTT.
This can be quantified. I have labeled the nodes of these two FSAs with the expected number of tosses needed for acceptance. Let us call these the node "values." The labeling begins by
(1) writing the obvious value of 0 at the accepting nodes.
Let the probability of heads be p(H) and the probability of tails be 1 - p(H) = p(T). (For a fair coin, both probabilities equal 1/2.) Because each coin flip adds one to the number of tosses,
(2) the value of a node equals one plus p(H) times the value of the H node plus p(T) times the value of the T node.
These rules determine the values. It's a quick and informative exercise to verify that the labeled values (assuming a fair coin) are correct. As an example, consider the value for HTH on line ii. The rule says 8 must be 1 more than the average of 8 (the value of the H node on line i) and 6 (the value of the T node on line iii): sure enough, 8 = 1 + (1/2)*8 + (1/2)*6. You can just as readily check the remaining five values in the illustration.
whuber♦whuber
$\begingroup$ The FSA approach is a great way to analyze Penney's Game (in the reply by @Henry). The values are labeled a little differently: the FSA now has one accepting node per pattern. To find the chance of your pattern winning, label its accepting node with 1 and all other accepting nodes with 0. The value at any other node equals the average of the values of its H and T nodes. The value of the (unique) start node is the chance of winning. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jun 21 '11 at 23:24
$\begingroup$ I find your picture helpful & intuitive, @whuber, but I don't quite follow the rules for assigning the numbers to the nodes. Eg, your example uses 1 + (1/2)*10 + (1/2)*6. Shouldn't this be 9? Since I gather you fill these out by starting w/ $0$ at the terminal node, it might be easier to follow if your example was how to get the # for node iii, given iv=0. $\endgroup$ – gung♦ Jul 26 '13 at 15:46
$\begingroup$ @gung Thanks for catching that. I fixed the example. However, there is a typo in the figure: it looks like the value of HTT at line iii should be 4, rather than 2. $\endgroup$ – whuber♦ Jul 26 '13 at 16:03
Some great answers. I'd like to take a slightly different tack, and address the question of counter-intuitivity. (I quite agree, BTW)
Here's how I make sense of it. Imagine a column of random sequential coin-toss results printed on a paper tape, consisting of the letters "H" and "T".
Arbitrarily tear off a section of this tape, and make an identical copy.
On a given tape, the sequence HTH and the sequence HTT will each occur as often, if the tape is long enough.
But occasionally the HTH instances will run together, ie HTHTH. (or even very occasionally HTHTHTH)
This overlap cannot happen with HTT instances.
Use a highlighter to pick out the "stripes" of successful outcomes, HTH on one tape and HTT on the other. A few of the HTH stripes will be shorter due to the overlap. Consequently the gaps between them, on average, will be slightly longer than on the other tape.
It's a bit like waiting for a bus, when averagely there's one every five minutes. If the buses are allowed to overlap each other, the interval will be slightly longer than five minutes, on average, because sometime two will go past together.
If you arrive at an arbitrary time, you'll be waiting slightly longer for the next (to you, first) bus, on average, if they're allowed to overlap.
Andrew TroupAndrew Troup
I was looking for the intuition to this in the integer case (as I'm slogging through Ross' Intro. to Probability Models). So I was thinking about integer cases. I found this helped:
Let $A$ be the symbol needed to begin the pattern I'm waiting for.
Let $B$ be the symbol needed to complete the pattern I'm waiting for.
In the case of an overlap roughly $A=B$ and so $P(A \cap \tilde{B})=0$.
Whereas in the case of no overlap $A \ne B$ and so $P(A \cap \tilde{B}) \ge 0$.
So, let me imagine that I have a chance to finish the pattern on the next draw. I draw the next symbol and it doesn't finish the pattern. In the case my pattern doesn't overlap, the symbol drawn might still allow me to begin building the pattern from the beginning again.
In the case of an overlap, a the symbol I needed to finish my partial pattern was the same as the symbol as I would need to start rebuilding. So I can't do either, and therefore will definitely need to wait until the next draw for a chance to start building again.
conjecturesconjectures
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Primary caregiver stress is a serious problem but there are ways to provide much needed support. In a growing number of homes across the country, people are taking on a new job that they never planned for and may have little in the way of skills or training – they are the primary caregivers to an elderly spouse, parent, or someone with significant disabilities.
In many cases (although not always) it's the daughter that bears the brunt of care, and while the other siblings want to help, they aren't sure how.
In a perfect world, multiple people creating a safety net of support would share caregiving duties. But the reality is caregiving for a person in need usually rests on the shoulders of one person with others not sure how to help. The problem is made worse because the primary caregivers don't like to ask for help and don't always know what they need.
But there some very tangible ways in which families can come together to support the primary care giver.
If you are standing to the side wondering how to help a caregiver here's where to begin.
A 2012 report by Alzheimer's Disease International discusses the real problem of stigma by association.
Across nations and cultures, there is a stigma associated with illness, especially Alzheimer's Disease. People suffering from the disease are seen as devalued with a loss of status and participation in society. People avoid contact and conversation with sufferers. This stigma crosses over to caregivers who are often seen as the reason a person is unkempt, incontinent, or acting inappropriate. Caregivers lose their friends and if the caregiver is part of a couple, they can feel a loss of status and self worth. This leads to the caregiver withdrawing from outside interactions and developing their own health problems and unable to provide the original care.
If you see a caregiver withdrawing from their regular activities, reach out to them. While phone calls, emails, texts, and even a card shows you are thinking of them, it cannot replace face-to-face interaction and support.
Many times a caregiver needs to vent, share a challenge, and feel that they are not alone. While you may not be able to help solve an immediate problem listening can help.
If you are not the primary caregiver of a spouse, parent, loved one because you do not live near that person or have the abilities, it is important to acknowledge the role the caregiver is playing. Saying thanks for all that the caregiver does is important.
The Office on Women's Health, a department of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides information on caregiver stress and warning sign including a useful fact sheet .
2. Find Services that help—many are free!
Caregivers need help beyond emotional support and friendship. If you see signs of stress but the caregiver feels unwilling to accept help, talk with them about setting up services that "don't put anyone out," but can improve their day-to-day living.
Primary caregivers report not having the time or resources to care for themselves. They are overwhelmed. Sometimes they only want time alone.
As a person outside of the day-to-day details you may have a different perspective, and can help by discussing how to find skilled and caring professional care. Adult daycare programs, skilled in-home nurses, short-term nursing home care, and home health care aides can provide immediate relief to caregivers.
Adult daycare programs are community based and many provide transportation allowing the caregiver to take a break but still provide primary support.
In-home caregivers can support caregivers when their loved ones are unable to leave the home. They provide assistance in a familiar surrounding and can work around schedules and appointments. With in-home care, a caregiver can leave the home knowing that their loved one is safe and happy. This allows for a mental and physical break for the caregiver who can reconnect with friends, enjoy a hobby, and have personal time to recharge.
These health care options are more affordable and flexible than people realize and maybe covered by some insurance policies. As someone who cares, but are not the primary caregiver, you can help by looking into the options in the local community.


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Teamwork and long hours enabled Pac-12 Networks to be up and running a month before launch, say Michael Harabin and Harold Reynolds, the television network's senior engineering staff.
Home»Networking
Pac-12 Takes Innovative Approach to Launch TV Network
College athletic conference's groundbreaking use of technology yields dividends in quick build-out of national television network and regional channels.
Wylie Wong
Wylie Wong is a freelance journalist who specializes in business, technology and sports. He is a regular contributor to the CDW family of technology magazines.
Fans with an insatiable appetite for Pac-12 college sports now have their own cable TV network to watch and cheer on their favorite teams.
Pac-12 Networks, which celebrated its first anniversary in August, televised 550 live sporting events during its inaugural year. But before launching a national network and six regional channels last year, the company first had to build a technology infrastructure from scratch — and in doing so, it's taken an innovative approach to broadcasting.
Rather than rent expensive satellite time, Pac-12 uses the optical-fiber Internet2, a high-speed research and education network, to deliver content to its San Francisco headquarters, where many of the broadcasts are produced. In another cost-saving move, the announcers often work out of the San Francisco studios, where they watch games on high-definition TV and deliver play-by-play on games taking place throughout the conference.
"To launch one network is hard. To launch seven is near impossible. What should have taken two years, we did in about six months," says Scott Adametz, Pac-12 Networks' director of systems architecture and technology. "Building the broadcast data network was the main project, but we also had to build the office space and install everything from HVAC, power and lighting before we could even start bringing up the campus network."
With the launch of Pac-12 Networks, the Pac-12 Conference joins a small yet growing number of collegiate athletic conferences and institutions launching 24/7 TV sports networks — a lucrative business endeavor that increases the exposure of their athletic teams. The Pac-12, which includes West Coast colleges such as the University of California, Berkeley; Stanford; and UCLA, is currently the only one that fully owns and operates its network.
Pac-12 Networks, which was profitable in its first year, got its start in 2011 when Pac-12 Commissioner Larry Scott signed a $3 billion, 12-year contract with ESPN and Fox, allowing the two networks to air the conference's marquee football and men's basketball games. The new network allows the conference to broadcast football and men's basketball games not carried by ESPN and Fox.
It also lets the Pac-12 provide equal exposure to women's athletics and to broadcast lower profile sports seldom seen on television, such as field hockey, rowing and water polo, Adametz says.
The Race to Build a TV Network in 6 Months
The fledgling TV network, which now boasts 170 employees, is much like the other startups that have set up shop in San Francisco's hip South of Market neighborhood.
When the Pac-12 got the keys to its new headquarters in spring 2012, the technology staff had about six months to build the national network and six regional channels (Bay Area, Southern California, Arizona, Oregon, Washington and Mountain) for the intended Aug. 15 launch.
The eight-person engineering and IT staff worked at a frenetic pace, often 15 to 18 hours per day, seven days a week, to install the tech infrastructure.
Pac-12's technology staff simultaneously built a broadcast data network, a corporate network and a data center. They essentially built the networks with two of everything to ensure redundancy but kept each network separate to improve security and ensure that no corporate users affected broadcast data, Adametz adds.
Photo: Cody Pickens
"To launch one network is hard. To launch seven is near impossible. What should have taken two years, we did in about six months," says Pac-12 Networks' Scott Adametz.
"It was like a three-ring circus. Everyone was working on top of everybody else," recalls Harold Reynolds, Pac-12 Networks' senior vice president of engineering. "Each person on our team was assigned a couple of things, and we went off and did them independently of each other, but every day we coordinated. It was definitely a team effort."
CDW's professional services played an integral role in helping Pac-12 Networks implement the networks, as well as an IP phone system. Because of the rushed schedule, CDW expedited the delivery of products and quickly made network engineers available to help design and configure the networks and IP phone system and provide training to Pac-12's technology staff.
CDW's engineers are typically booked up to five to eight weeks in advance, but CDW re-arranged schedules and made its engineers available onsite in half the time — two to four weeks, says David Greenberg, field account executive for CDW's Advanced Technologies practice.
"We understood that the Pac-12 was under a tremendous time crunch, so we went out of our way to make sure we met their aggressive timeline," Greenberg says.
Pac-12's novel approach to eliminate satellite and other traditional transmission technologies as much as possible and use an IP network saves millions of dollars a year, according to Adametz.
Instead of renting and using satellite uplink trucks at every sports venue, the Pac-12 uses Internet2 to transport video from live sporting events to San Francisco headquarters and to Pac-12's distribution center in Denver, which delivers the video feed to cable TV companies and other affiliates.
Every Pac-12 college is connected to Internet2, and by connecting to Internet2 over fiber, the TV network is then linked to every Pac-12 college.
"By streaming over Internet2, we avoid having to buy 'occasional-use' satellite time or fiber circuits, which are scarce and billed at a very high rate," Adametz explains. "It's massive cost savings."
The technology department built the broadcast data network by installing two Cisco Nexus 7000 Series 10-Slot switches at the core. In the data center, a storage area network houses 300 terabytes of video, and 40 HP servers are dedicated to a digital asset management system — software used for logging, editing and packaging video.
To transfer video across Internet2, the Pac-12 campuses, the San Francisco office and the Denver distribution center have deployed Juniper Networks SRX firewalls and Cisco Catalyst 3750-X switches to create secure IP Security virtual private network tunnels to transfer the video.
Nacho Vega, a CDW network solution architect, came onsite to help the late Brandon Bernier, Pac-12 Networks' network engineer, design the broadcast data network. While Bernier drew up the initial design, Vega helped refine it. Another CDW engineer worked hand in hand with Bernier to configure the equipment. Bernier, along with the rest of the Pac-12 technology staff, installed the technology themselves, but during the implementation process, Vega worked with Pac-12 to validate the network, checking to make sure it was installed correctly using industry best practices.
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Because security of broadcast video is critical, Vega designed the network to take advantage of Virtual Routing and Forwarding (VRF), technology that allows Pac-12 Networks to securely segment the network into three separate virtual networks.
"Pac-12 needed three separate security zones for network traffic that needed high, medium and low security, so we used VRF to segment and isolate that traffic into three separate networks," Vega says.
Internet2 heavily reduces — but does not completely eliminate — the network's use of satellite for broadcast, however. Pac-12 still uses satellite for about 20 percent of its games because sponsors don't want any potential IP hiccups during the most high-profile broadcasts, Adametz says. The Denver distribution center also uses satellite to uplink Pac-12 Networks' front haul (video feed) to cable TV affiliates and other distribution partners.
These partners installed Cisco 9800 series integrated receiver decoders, which allow them to receive and decode Pac-12 Networks' video feeds from satellite.
IP Network Breeds Innovation
Besides reducing satellite usage, an IP network permits the Pac-12 to off-load live-event production from onsite production trucks to its San Francisco headquarters.
When doing so, the company needs only a camera and audio crew at the sporting events. The camera feeds come back to a central control room in San Francisco, where a production team directs the broadcast, creates highlight reels and adds graphics and music.
Pac-12 Cuts Costs, Centralizes Production
Satellite and production trucks are typically necessary to televise a live sporting event. Pac-12 Networks developed two technologies to reduce the use of such equipment onsite:
A small MI/O appliance: The mobile input-output appliance replaces a satellite truck by digitizing the production truck signal and delivering the video feed over Internet2.
Multicam equipment: New multicam equipment sends raw camera feeds from a production truck to the network's San Francisco production facilities. With this technology, the company can produce and announce games in San Francisco, leaving only the camera and audio crews at events. In this scenario, the production truck is merely serving as a camera, physical cabling and power source.
Pac-12 Networks, which developed the technology last fall, produced 50 games remotely last school year and will increase that to 200 games this year. "We're just ramping this up," Adametz says.
Announcers attend some games. For the others, they broadcast from a soundproofed booth with large multiview screens. "They see every camera angle as it is happening, live," he says. "There is a 15-millisecond delay, which is imperceptible to the human eye."
This efficient and cost-effective approach to producing games allows Pac-12 to air a large number and wide range of sporting events, says Michael Harabin, Pac-12 Networks vice president of technology and engineering.
"We would not be able to justify covering events like field hockey if we didn't have low production expenses," he adds. "This allows us to provide exposure to many more sports and athletes in our conference."
Taking Care of Corporate IT Needs
Besides creating a broadcast data network, the Pac-12 Network tech staff needed to provide employees with computers, software and a phone system.
The company equipped workers with Lenovo ThinkPad T420 and T430 notebook computers, Lenovo ThinkCentre M91 and M92 enterprise tower desktops, Apple Mac Pros and 24-inch Samsung monitors on their desks.
In the data center, IT virtualized three servers using VMware vSphere. The virtual machines (VMs) run corporate file servers, accounting software and other business applications — and for developers, a testing and development environment.
When spinning up VMs, the tech staff can quickly provision data storage using two Nimble Storage arrays, which are 16TB iSCSI-attached solid-state drives.
"We've had unbelievable spin-up times," Adametz says. "Instead of a bunch of slow, spinning disks that may take up to 40 minutes to make up a 2TB volume, Nimble does it in two seconds."
The company standardized on Cisco in the corporate network, installing two Catalyst 4900M switches at the core and Catalyst 3750-X stacked switches in the wiring closets.
IT workers also deployed Cisco Meraki for Pac-12 Networks' wireless network and Cisco's Unified Communications Voice over IP phone system with IP video phones on each employee's desk.
In addition, Pac-12 built an IP television system to stream the conference's channels throughout the office. A CDW engineer helped configure the IP phone system onsite and provided training and initial support to staff, Vega says.
With the CDW engineer's help, the Pac-12 tech staff got the phone system working in late June, one week before employees moved into the new headquarters.
A Remarkable Team Effort
Pac-12 Networks executives say they could not have launched the network without CDW. "They worked really hard and were very helpful and always available," Reynolds says.
Although the network launch was sometimes chaotic and stressful, Adametz says, the company is not resting on its laurels. It plans to increase the number of live sporting events it broadcasts to 750 this coming school year and 850 the following year.
"We just divvied up the work and went off on our separate directions, and came back together when we needed to, and everything worked," Adametz says. "We did some amazing things in an unbelievably short amount of time."
Cody Pickens
Internet Protocol
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When will I get my third stimulus check? IRS begins sending first round of $1,400 COVID-19 relief payments
Jessica Menton
The third round of stimulus checks will start hitting bank accounts for eligible Americans as soon as this weekend, the IRS said late Friday.
"Following approval of the American Rescue Plan Act, the first batch of payments will be sent by direct deposit, which some recipients will start receiving as early as this weekend, and with more receiving this coming week," the IRS said in a statement.
In fact, the payments have already arrived for some people just one day after President Joe Biden signed the legislation into law.
In the coming weeks, more batches of payments will be sent via direct deposit and through the mail as a check or debit card, according to the agency. Some people may see the direct deposit payments as "pending" or as provisional payments in their accounts before the official payment date of March 17, the IRS added.
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The IRS announcement confirms what the Biden administration had said Thursday that people would start seeing direct deposit of the checks as soon as this weekend.
Social Security and other federal beneficiaries will generally receive this third payment the same way as their regular benefits, the IRS said. A payment date for this group is expected to be announced soon.
On Saturday, the IRS updated the "Get My Payment" tool on IRS.gov, which allows people to check the status of their payment. The IRS had originally said the tool would be updated on Monday.
The third round of Economic Impact Payments will be based on a taxpayer's latest processed tax return from either 2020 or 2019. That includes anyone who used the IRS non-filers tool last year, or submitted a special simplified tax return. If the IRS received and processed a taxpayer's 2020 return, the agency will make the calculation based on that return instead.
For those who received the first two stimulus checks, but didn't receive a payment via direct deposit, they will receive a check or a prepaid debit card.
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The payments would amount to $1,400 for a single person or $2,800 for a married couple filing jointly, plus an additional $1,400 for each dependent child. Individuals earning up to $75,000 would get the full payments, as would married couples with incomes up to $150,000. Payments would decline for incomes above those thresholds, phasing out above $80,000 for individuals and $160,000 for married couples.
The third stimulus payment isn't restricted to children under 17 like the first two rounds. Eligible families will get a $1,400 payment per qualifying dependent claimed on their tax return, including college students, adults with disabilities, parents and grandparents.
Under the American Rescue Plan relief package, the third stimulus check can't be offset to pay past-due federal debts or back taxes.
Wells Fargo: Stimulus payments still days away
While some people have reported on social media that they have been notified that their stimulus payment is a pending deposit in their bank or credit union account, others have taken to Twitter wanting to know their status.
Wells Fargo was trending on Twitter Saturday after a tweet the banking giant sent out late Friday. "Customers who are eligible to receive direct deposit of their stimulus payment may expect it as soon as March 17, 2021," Wells Fargo tweeted.
Still, some bank customers complained on what they saw as a delay and asked why competitor banks and credit unions customers were getting their payments earlier.
"Wells Fargo will process all of the direct deposits according to the effective date provided by the U.S. Treasury," the bank tweeted and directed consumers to check their status using the IRS Get My Payment tool, which is scheduled to be updated Monday.
H&R Block also said March 17 is the day the IRS has told them most people will receive payments.
Contributing: Kelly Tyko, USA TODAY