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Piper urophyllum C.DC. – gatunek rośliny z rodziny pieprzowatych (Piperaceae C. Agardh). Występuje naturalnie w Gwatemali, Nikaragui, Kostaryce, Panamie, Kolumbii oraz Peru.

Morfologia
 Pokrój Zimozielony krzew dorastający do 1–3 m wysokości.
 Liście Mają kształt od owalnego do eliptycznie owalnego. Mierzą 6–12 cm długości oraz 3,5–6 cm szerokości. Nasada liścia jest klinowa. Blaszka liściowa jest o spiczastym wierzchołku. Ogonek liściowy jest nagi i dorasta do 7–12 mm długości.
 Kwiaty Są zebrane w kłosy, rozwijają się w kątach pędów. Są siedzące. Mierzą 4–8 cm długości. Mają białą barwę.
 Owoce Jagody o cylindrycznym kształcie. Osiągają 1 mm średnicy.

Biologia i ekologia
Rośnie w wilgotnych wiecznie zielonych lasach. Występuje na wysokości do 1400 m n.p.m.

Przypisy

Pieprzowate

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Marine Le Pen put her summer break on hold today to tell France's leaders to "get a grip" on the economy, accusing them of "giving the keys of the truck to people who don't even have a driving license."
Invited on radio station France Inter on Thursday morning, she said the current financial system is "doomed."
"In the 1970s we passed political control to the banks and to the markets," she said. "Today, we are bound hand and foot to the financial markets, which have become mad, mad with greed."
Le Pen once again demanded that France should leave the euro, saying it was important to anticipate its eventual collapse "to avoid having to suffer a terrifying economic crisis."
She was scathing about President Sarkozy's emergency meeting on Wednesday to discuss the country's financial situation.
"He doesn't do anything because he can't do anything," she said. "The main characteristic of the French government is its powerlessness."
Le Pen plans to hold a press conference on Thursday afternoon to comment further on the economic situation.


text:
Archives: Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences
Ten Most Memorable Stories of 2019
They astonished and inspired us. They made us cry, made us smile and made us proud. They made us hopeful and excited for what's next. They're 10 of the most memorable stories this year from the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine.
Nelson Among First Class of Certified Equine Imaging Specialists
Nathan Nelson, clinical associate professor of radiology at the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, has been named to the inaugural class of board-certified specialists in equine diagnostic imaging. Nelson, who joined the CVM in 2017, is now one of just 10 clinicians in the country who are diplomates of the newly recognized specialty within
CVM's Adler Receives Lung Cancer Research Award
Kenneth Adler, a professor of cell biology at the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine, is the recipient of the Vicky Amidon Innovation in Lung Cancer Research Award from the Lung Cancer Initiative of North Carolina. The grant supports Adler's groundbreaking work at the CVM to better understand and more effectively fight lung cancer, which
News and Updates, November 2019
Pathology residents Amy DiDomenico, Elizabeth Alloway and Megan Schreeg receive Young Investigator Awards from the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology and the American College of Veterinary Pathologists. http://ow.ly/TbLB50xeOLl Ophthalmology resident Annie Oh receives the Best Clinical Manuscript Award at the American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists Conference. http://ow.ly/clnJ50xfmoK Ke Cheng named the Randall B. Terry
November 2019 Research Roundup
A look at some of the latest published research studies coming from the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine this month. Understanding Canine Blindness Researchers have identified neurohormone differences between canine sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) and canine pituitary-dependent hypercortisolism (PDH), despite the two conditions being clinically similar. The differences in neurohormone concentrations
Filling in the Puzzle of Rhino Survival
Groundbreaking anatomical research on the rhinoceros from CVM faculty and students is contributing to the survival of the critically threatened species.
Dogs May Hold Key to Fighting Human Bladder Cancer
A pioneering bladder cancer study launching at the NC State College of Veterinary Medicine will compare the origins and characteristics of the disease in dogs and humans, a promising approach to developing earlier diagnosis and improved therapies for both species. The two-year project, which recently received funding from the V Foundation for Cancer Research, will
Regenerative Medicine Visionary Cheng to Receive Endowed Professorship
Groundbreaking CVM regenerative medicine professor Ke Cheng to receive endowed professorship from the Terry Foundation.
Tumors Turn Gut 'Brain Cells' Into Tumor Growth Promoters
The work demonstrates enteric glial cells' importance in the tumor microenvironment and could lead to new targets for the treatment of colon cancer...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hyderabad, (IANS) A Sub-Inspector of police committed suicide by shooting himself with his service revolver in Siddipet district in Telangana on Wednesday, police said.
Prabhakar Reddy, who was serving at Kukunoorpally Police Station, shot himself in the temple in the police station in Kondapaka block.
Family members alleged that harassment by senior officials drove him to kill himself.
Hailing from Yadadri Bhongir district, Prabhakar was selected as Sub-Inspector in 2012. Last year, he was posted at the Kukunoorpally Police Station.
Prabhakar is the second Sub-Inspector to commit suicide at the same police station in 10 months.
T. Ramakrishna Reddy had shot himself in the police station on August 16, 2016. He had left a suicide note in which he had alleged that he was harassed by his superiors.
Prabhakar Reddy had replaced Ramakrishna Reddy in the police station.


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46 of Baddi firm test +ve
In one of the worst spikes in a single day, the state reported 66 Covid cases on Tuesday, taking the tally to 1,309, including nine deaths.
Shimla, July 14
Also read: Himachal Govt goes strict over arrival of outsiders
The rise in the spread continues unabated in Solan as the district registered 51 new cases in the last 24 hours. The number of positive cases in Solan has risen to 259.
Seven cases were reported from Chamba, three from Una, two each from Kangra and Shimla and one from Kinnaur district.
The highest-ever one-day spike of 51 Covid cases was reported in the Baddi-Barotiwala-Nalagarh (BBN) industrial belt in the day.
Of the 51 new patients, 46 are workers of Wrigley India Pvt Ltd, Baddi. They are the primary contacts of a company's worker, who had tested Covid-positive on July 8. They are in the 26 to 54 age group.
Dr NK Gupta, Medical Officer, Health, Solan, said that four other patients were from Nalagarh. They are a 64-year-old woman from Friends Colony, a 29-year-old woman from Nangal village, a 55-year-old man from Chanloo village and a 38-year-old woman from Rajpura village. One policeman posted in the Police Lines, Solan, also tested positive. Their contact tracing was on. He said that they would continue to stay in a private hotel where they would be treated.
3 Chamba ITBP men +ve
Three ITBP personnel and three family members of one of them and an Army jawan tested positive for coronavirus in Chamba district on Tuesday.
In Chamba, a 31-year-old ITBP jawan, a resident of Kharagat Samote village, his wife, five-year-old daughter and a three-year-old son were found infected. They had travelled back from Kerala.
The other two ITBP jawans — one of them aged 27 and a resident of Maretta village in Bhatiyat area of Chamba district and the other one a resident of Garnota Samote village — had also returned from Kerala.
The 26-year-old Army jawan, a resident of Kandei village in Dalhousie of Chamba district, had returned from Roorkee. All of them were either asymptomatic or showed mild symptoms of the virus, said CMO, Chamba, Dr Rajesh Guleri.
Two men +ve in Kangra
Two persons were found infected in Kangra district
A 23-year-old man and a 70-year-old man, both residents of Chhatr village, tested positive for coronavirus
They are the direct contacts of Covid patients
The total number of cases in Kangra has gone up to 314, including 40 active cases
Seven patients recovered in the district on Tuesday
Modi most preferred for PM's post, way ahead of Rahul, says survey
Kashmiri-origin Sameera Fazili on Team Biden


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3-й корпус — наименование корпуса в вооружённых силах различных государств.

Авиационные

 3-й авиационный корпус дальней бомбардировочной авиации (СССР)
 3-й бомбардировочный авиационный корпус (СССР)
 3-й гвардейский авиационный корпус дальнего действия (СССР)
 3-й гвардейский бомбардировочный авиационный корпус (авиации дальнего действия) (СССР)
 3-й гвардейский истребительный авиационный корпус (СССР)
 3-й гвардейский штурмовой авиационный корпус (СССР)
 3-й истребительный авиационный корпус (СССР)
 3-й смешанный авиационный корпус (СССР)

 3-й штурмовой авиационный корпус (СССР)

Армейские и стрелковые корпуса

 3-й боснийский армейский корпус
 3-й армейский корпус (Босния и Герцеговина)
 3-й армейский корпус (ВСЮР)

 3-й армейский корпус (Российская империя)
 3-й армейский корпус (Российская Федерация)

 3-й армейский корпус (США)
 3-й армейский корпус (вермахт)
 3-й армейский корпус (Великая армия)
 3-й армейский корпус (Франция)
 3-й Боснийский корпус (НОАЮ)
 3-й гвардейский стрелковый корпус (1-го формирования) (СССР)
 3-й гвардейский стрелковый корпус (2-го формирования) (СССР)
 3-й горнострелковый корпус (СССР)
 3-й Кавказский армейский корпус (Российская империя)
 3-й пехотный корпус (Российская империя)
 3-й Сибирский армейский корпус (Российская империя)

 3-й корпус (Афганистан)
  (Германия)

 3-й корпус (Ирак)

 3-й корпус (Сирия)
 3-й корпус (США)

 3-й корпус Потомакской армии (США)
 3-й корпус Северовирджинской армии (КША)

 3-й стрелковый корпус (СССР)

Моторизованные корпуса
 3-й моторизованный корпус (вермахт)

Механизированные и танковые корпуса
 3-й бронетанковый корпус (США)
 3-й гвардейский механизированный корпус (СССР)
 3-й гвардейский танковый корпус (СССР)
 3-й механизированный корпус (1-го формирования) (СССР)
 3-й механизированный корпус (2-го формирования) (СССР)
 3-й танковый корпус (вермахт)
 3-й танковый корпус СС
 3-й танковый корпус (СССР)

Кавалерийские корпуса
 3-й кавалерийский корпус (РККА)
 3-й гвардейский кавалерийский корпус (СССР)

 3-й кавалерийский корпус (Российская империя)
 3-й кавалерийский корпус (СССР)
 3-й корпус резервной кавалерии (Великая армия) (Франция)

Ракетные корпуса
 3-й отдельный гвардейский ракетный корпус (СССР, Российская Федерация)

Прочие корпуса
 3-й артиллерийский корпус прорыва (СССР)
 3-й воздушно-десантный корпус (СССР)
 3-й горнострелковый корпус (СССР)

 3-й полицейский корпус (Третий рейх)


Hi, my name is Kelley Robran-Gaisor.
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Purchasing a home is a BIG decision, and it is one of the most important things you will ever do. I'd like to make this experience as smooth and successful as possible for you. I'll help you find the home of your dreams by taking the time to listen and understand your needs and desires. I'll work hard to help you find the right fit, because no one should compromise when it comes to such a huge purchase.
Selling your home shouldn't be a stressful ordeal. My experience and services allow you to focus on your move, while I manage your home sale from the initial consultation to the closing and beyond.
I'm 100% committed to providing the highest level of professional services and attention to my clients and their needs. I represent you and your family in every transaction. I thrive on the satisfaction of others. I make it a priority to understand you, your family needs and financial goals. I treat them as if they were my own.
Whether it's buying or selling a traditional home, I have the experience and knowledge to make sure your real estate experience is relaxed and stress free. Nothing satisfies me more than seeing the smiles that come after a successful real estate transaction.
Thank you for considering me as your next real estate agent.


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A whole lot of nothing es el cuarto álbum de estudio de la banda sueca Clawfinger. Está compuesto por 13 canciones en su versión normal, más dos canciones adicionales en la versión especial.

Lista de canciones del álbum
 "Two Steps Away" – 3:40
 "Out To Get Me" – 3:43
 "Nothing Going On" – 3:20
 "Are You Man Enough?" – 3:35
 "Confrontation" – 3:33
 "Evolution" – 4:17
 "Don't Look At Me" – 3:32
 "Simon Says" – 4:01
 "Burn In Hell" – 3:23
 "I Close My Eyes" – 3:09
 "Paradise" – 3:39
 "Revenge" – 4:02
 "Vienna" – 4:14
 "Manic Depression" – 3:18 (Bonus Track)
 "Fake A Friend" – 3:46 (Bonus Track)

Sencillos del álbum
 Out to get me
 Nothing going on
 Out to get me (Limited edition 1)
 Out to get me (Limited edition 2)

Álbumes de 2001
Álbumes de rap
Álbumes de nu metal
Álbumes de rap rock
Álbumes de rap metal
Álbumes en inglés


1  When I looked again, I saw a man with a measuring line in his hand. 2 "Where are you going?" I asked.
He replied, "I am going to measure Jerusalem, to see how wide and how long it is."
3 Then the angel who was with me went to meet a second angel who was coming toward him. 4 The other angel said, "Hurry, and say to that young man, `Jerusalem will someday be so full of people and livestock that there won't be room enough for everyone! Many will live outside the city walls. 5 Then I, myself, will be a protective wall of fire around Jerusalem, says the LORD. And I will be the glory inside the city!'"
6 The LORD says, "Come away! Flee from Babylon in the land of the north, for I have scattered you to the four winds. 7 Come away, people of Zion, you who are exiled in Babylon!"
8 After a period of glory, the LORD of Heaven's Armies sent me against the nations who plundered you. For he said, "Anyone who harms you harms my most precious possession." 9 I will raise my fist to crush them, and their own slaves will plunder them." Then you will know that the LORD of Heaven's Armies has sent me.
10 The LORD says, "Shout and rejoice, O beautiful Jerusalem,  for I am coming to live among you. 11 Many nations will join themselves to the LORD on that day, and they, too, will be my people. I will live among you, and you will know that the LORD of Heaven's Armies sent me to you. 12 The land of Judah will be the LORD's special possession in the holy land, and he will once again choose Jerusalem to be his own city. 13 "Be silent before the LORD, all humanity, for he is springing into action from his holy dwelling."
<< 2:1 Verses 2:1-13 are numbered 2:5-17 in Hebrew text.
<< 2:8a The meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain. 2:8b Hebrew Anyone who touches you touches the pupil of his eye.
<< 2:10 Hebrew O daughter of Zion.


Rochdale manager Keith Hill has called on fans to get behind the team after growing tension between them.
Dale came from a goal down to beat League One's bottom side Colchester 3-1 at Spotland but there were some unhappy supporters in the ground.
Before the win Hill's side had lost three games in a row.
"I'm really disappointed with the atmosphere and disconnect between the supporters, the team and our philosophy," said Hill.
He told BBC Radio Manchester: "I'm not angry about it, I just hope that the people who helped us create promotion twice, reach the play-offs and a highest-placed finish in League One help us establish instead of destroy and show a little bit more patience.
"I get this feeling that because Bury are in our league that we should be matching what they're doing.
"We shouldn't be looking at it like that, we should be looking at protecting what we've created because it is special and it can be special for a lot of players."


text:
Issue: December - January 2015
Superheroes and their nemeses have crowded cinemas in recent years. But how would real-world insurance react to their destructive battles?
by Chelsea Wallis
Let's say Batman and all his disturbed archenemies suddenly settled down on the doorstep of your city.
You probably know a seven-year-old who would be ecstatic to see the Batmobile speed through town. But how much harder would a broker's work be if a pack of colourful villians and heroes were tearing up your clients' properties on the streets of Australia?
"If we were suddenly taken over by a school of Godzillas, then you'd find that the reinsurers would quickly write in an exclusion," says LMI Group Managing Director Prof Allan Manning. "You'd either be unable to insure it and the government would have to sort it out, or there'd be an additional premium charge for the additional risk."
September 11 was covered, for instance. There were no prior terrorism exclusions, which arose because it was the biggest claim in the world at the time. "Insurers said if this keeps happening, we can't insure it because it will destroy the industry," Manning says.
Perhaps it's a good thing for business that Wayne Enterprises isn't moving to Adelaide any time soon. But with Ben Affleck already working on the next instalment in the movie franchise, IRP takes a look at some classic scenes from the industry point of view.
Spoiler alert if you haven't seen the movies.
Cars explode. Businesses are smashed. Bystanders jump out of the way. Really, Batman seems to have a history with this sort of collateral damage.
In 1989's Batman, the Joker causes a jail wall to break by a misguided missile, enabling the Penguin to escape, steal a car
and make his getaway.
"This is a very open scenario and comes back to the question: Was there a break in the chain of events and who was responsible?" says Kyle McCurran, the Team Manager, Business Claims – Victoria and Tasmania, for CGU Insurance. "Was the Penguin responsible for the theft of the car, or the Joker, who blew up the wall of the prison?"
When considering the loss to inmates or those under care in hospitals, considerations would also need to be in place for the inability to care for them, or victims who suffer a loss due to prisoners who escaped a damaged jail after the event.
Joker or terrorist?
Terrorism has a broad definition in terms of insurance.
LMI Group's Managing Director, Professor Allan Manning, pulled out his Osborn's Concise Law Dictionary to try to narrow it down: an act that may include but is not limited to an act involving the use of force or violence and/or the threat thereof. Paraphrasing, a person or people involved might act in connection with an organisation or a government for political, religious, ideological, ethnic or similar reasons.
May and might. A door-to-door bible salesman could qualify under terrorism clauses. Perhaps the best way to narrow it down it is to qualify what terrorism is not.
"If the fire brigade comes in and blows something up to stop a fire, it's always regarded as fire," Manning explains. "However, if people fleeing from a bomb threat damage property, it would go back to the prime thing that the bomb threat is deemed to be – if it was a terrorist attack, it would be deemed terrorism."
Manning points out war exclusions need to be taken into account. There are political risks related to civil disorder such as insurrections, rebellions and civil war, whether or not war has been declared, and these are risks policies do not cover.
Things get a bit grey trying to draw the line between terrorism and a riot: generally speaking, the latter is more than three people assembled with a common purpose, prepared to use violence against people who oppose them in what they are trying to do.
However, Manning hypothesizes that the Joker's antics would probably fall under general criminal activity.
"If he's doing it because he thinks the world is a terrible place and should be blown up, then that may be an ideological ground and might qualify as terrorism," he says. "But if he's just doing it for the loot, then it's going to be burglary, and it's different if you've got the Joker and he's got a gang of people, then that would be a riot."
So ongoing costs would certainly be a factor. Comprehensive motor vehicle policies for the general public and fleet policies for businesses and the police are likely to respond.
Property cover for buildings and infrastructure with multiple owners such as the local council, utilities providers, private owners and government buildings, could also come into play.
"After the event, when the clean-up ensues," McCurran says. "Business interruption/continuance cover and potential liability claims are likely to be considerations as streets are closed for repairs or buildings are pieced back together for up to 12 to 24 months."
In the 2005 movie Batman Returns, a deranged doctor dubbed the Scarecrow, creates a toxic gas that leaves those exposed mad with fear. This gas is let loose on the city, terrifying the inhabitants who resort to violence and necessitating an insurance response far more complex than the everyday car chase.
"The losses on this one would appear to be far greater, as the effects you can safely assume would have a longer tail, and making the island safe again would take some time," CGU's Kyle McCurran says. "The body in charge of making this decision would do so only once there were no traces of the gas left, or could be left."
Workers compensation might also be applied to those who are asked to go in to assist with the situation, clearing the streets and preparing the city to be reinhabited.
Furthermore, damages caused by the crazed mob, such as business interruption and injuries to mob participants and victims, could fall to personal life policies and liability matters.
"It could come back to how the poison entered their lungs and who was responsible for this," McCurran says.
Allocating blame
At the end of the day, it may not be worth going after the Joker for compensation. Batman, on the other hand, could be another matter – if you could prove it was Bruce Wayne.
"You can look for compensation if the person has wealth," says Prof Allan Manning. "If someone is being charged criminally and has caused wilful damage, you can have an order of restitution. But that person has nothing, a man of straw, you're throwing money out the back."
If only Heath Ledger's Joker didn't burn that mountain of cash in 2008.
In that regard, the damage by the burglar and the vested property would be insured subject to any limitations on the policy.
When emergency measures are required to get business recovery fast-tracked following factory fire, t
David Duffield's dedication to broking has been rewarded with one of the industry's greatest hon
Despite the challenges, agriculture continues to be a major part of the economy. The 2015-16 Agricultural Census by the Australian Bureau of Statistics places...
Judged 2015's best broker, Bunmi Ajayi couldn't be prouder. The key to his success? The winner h


text:
India Beats China at Its Own Game in Vaccine Diplomacy Battle
India's huge capacity to make coronavirus vaccines is helping the country take on China in the battle to gain political influence across the developing world.
Competition among poorer nations to get cheap or free vaccines to fight the pandemic had given China a golden chance to strengthen ties in emerging markets it has been courting for years. And initially Beijing seemed in a strong position. It suppressed the domestic spread of Covid-19 last year and accelerated the production of shots.
At the same time, India was struggling to contain one of the world's worst outbreaks of the virus, with nearly 100,000 cases a day, while a nationwide lockdown sent its economy into recession for the first time in 25 years.
But Chinese pharmaceutical companies have been reticent in sharing details of their pivotal vaccine trials crucial for building public trust around the world, and new domestic outbreaks reinforced the urgency of inoculating China's own 1.4 billion population, a task that could take years. Meanwhile, India sent millions of doses to neighboring Nepal, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, allowing them to begin vaccinations earlier than if they had waited for Chinese doses.
"Because of their gift, Sri Lanka has been able to start vaccination immediately," said Eran Wickramaratne, a Sri Lankan opposition lawmaker who received one of the Indian shots. "Most Sri Lankans would be thankful for this."
So far, New Delhi has managed to ship nearly 6.8 million free vaccines around the world. China has pledged around 3.9 million, according to publicly available information compiled by Bloomberg, some of which have yet to arrive.
Beijing and New Delhi have long competed for influence in Asia, and tensions between the two have risen since the pandemic struck, including their most violent border clash in decades. India has banned hundreds of Chinese apps, including ByteDance Ltd.'s TikTok, sought to attract investors away from China and boosted security ties with Japan, Australia and the U.S.
The rapid growth of China's economy — now roughly five times the size of India's — has allowed Beijing to forge ties with poorer countries by loaning tens of billions under its Belt and Road Initiative.
But Covid has given India a diplomatic opportunity to pursue its aspirations of becoming a global power. Its pharmaceutical industry, especially the Serum Institute of India, had already made the South Asian nation the main supplier of essential medicines to the developing world. Now it's allowing India to push back against China's growing influence.
A case in point is Myanmar, which has been rocked by a military coup and shares borders with both China and India. Beijing promised to send around 300,000 doses but has yet to deliver anything, while New Delhi quickly delivered 1.7 million shots.
– Bloomberg


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NJPA's Anna Gruber Earns MBA from West Texas A&M University
Gruber cites NJPA's Educational Assistance program as key motivator
STAPLES, Minn. (4 January 2017) – National Joint Powers Alliance® Manager of City & County Solutions Anna Gruber earned her Master of Business Administration from West Texas A&M University. She participated in WTAMU's Commencement Ceremony on December 17, 2016 at the First United Bank Center in Canyon, Texas.
Gruber credits NJPA's Educational Assistance program for being the key motivation in starting and finishing her degree. The program provides up to $5,000 in reimbursement per fiscal year toward self, spouse, or dependent education for eligible employees.
"I consider myself a lifelong learner and have always wanted to get my MBA, but financially couldn't decide if work experience was more valuable than education," Gruber said. "When I learned about NJPA's program, it motivated me to seek out my MBA. Walking across the stage on graduation day was an overwhelming and proud moment for me, finishing my MBA was a life goal of mine and to complete it while raising a family and working full time felt like quite the accomplishment."
Gruber completed the online program in two-and-a-half years, and says she pursued the degree because of its applicability to her career and long-term goals.
"I expected the MBA program to teach me a lot of specific business techniques and applications, but it in fact taught me a lot more about managing people, leadership, organizational behaviors, and general communication," Gruber said. "I appreciated this focus, since it allowed me to hone in on the areas where I am more passionate and also helped to improve my skillset in areas that are important to my career."
Gruber joined NJPA in March 2014. She also holds a Bachelor of Arts Degree in Public Administration, and minors in Business and Community Development, from St. Cloud State University.


Located 27 km north east of Marsa Alam, accessible by boat/zodiak.
Structure: These are two large circular reefs, characterized by the gardens of soft and hard corals (mushroom corals, Acropora, staghorn and many other species) in the outer parts. The inner part, between the reef called n. 2 and n. 3, and famous for its canyons, pinnacles, you can find the wreck of the "One Heaven", a small boat lying at a depth of 14 meters'.
Biology: the marine life of these sites is really special. Here you can clearly see the "fight" between the corals to reach the light, or better spaces to proliferate, and you can swim spotting almost every kind of fishes (rays, napoleon fish, snapper, moray eels, sharks, whitetip reef and gray reef sharks).


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I don't like emoticons. I understand why people use them, but I don't like them. And right now, they have little value. Writing "sorry your boyfriend dumped you" and then putting a sad face next to it doesn't add much.
Yes, there have always been protests — sometimes loud, but not in this formal room. In this room, governors traditionally have held news conferences in front of the media and with only invited guests. Security people traditionally had kept all others out.
But not this day. Angry people — some very angry people — were in the room. Dozens more were trying to enter. Dayton couldn't have expected this.
Not even the organizer of the protest, Twila Brase, who heads an organization called the Citzens' Council for Health Freedom, expected this turnout of passionate protesters. She had started emailing people — Tea Partiers and other "Obama-care" foes last Friday.
"I didn't have any idea how many would come," she said.
The new governor then silenced the crowd with a most extraordinary invitation. He invited those protesting to come forward and share his podium. He would allow representatives from their group to speak, after he had spoken.
Why Do We Treat Sexism Different From Racism?
We can point out sexist remarks or attitudes without getting derailed by pointless discussion of whether a particular person "is a sexist." It even sounds a bit weird to pose the question as though it were a simple matter of "yes" or "no," with the world neatly divided into sexists and non-sexists. Rather, we all get that, the culture being what it is, basically decent people—and occasionally even level-seven gender studies Jedi—will have imbibed unexamined sexist presuppositions or adopted mistaken empirical beliefs about gender differences.
I would say there's an even simpler explanation. In some situations — for example, a refrigerator lifting contest — there are clear, observable differences between men and women. This makes it easy for our minds to accept a "sexist remark does not a sexist make" type of attitude. But when it comes to issues of race, it is much less acceptable to claim there is a legitimate difference between two groups. Because it's harder for our minds to recall legitimate racial differences, we tend to interpret a single racist claim as evidence of a deeper racist attitude.
1. Don't snack in front of the TV.
2. This is why you're reading this.
3. Sometimes the simplest solution is the best solution.
4. Where do Bad Ideas Come From?
5. Is this evidence that this is plausible?
6. The value of arbitrary dates.
What Makes a Good Vacation?
I've been thinking a lot about vacation lately — specifically what makes a vacation feel like it was a real vacation. Jonah Lehrer makes some interesting points about distance, both physical or symbolic, and I tend to agree that all good vacations allow you to view your non-vacation life from a new perspective. However, simply going to the Caribbean isn't enough to gain that new perspective. If you wake up every morning in sunny Jamaica and proceed to frantically check your Blackberry for work updates, it is doubtful you will reap the mental benefits of vacation.
That's why I think a good vacation boils down to a change in priorities. Successfully changing your priorities (e.g. choosing a movie to watch instead of checking your Blackberry upon first waking up) will not only make you forget your old concerns and feel like you're living a new life, but you'll gain insight into your "old" life by being able to analyze it from a viewpoint that's not consumed by the importance of your old priorities.
My advice to those who are desperate for a real mental vacation is to download an entire television series or a new computer game. Take a week and completely lose yourself in another world . Make conquering a fictional planet tor bringing Avon Barksdale to justice your new top priority. Eventually your working-life concerns will fade away and your brain will get the break it needs.
Need to kill and hour with some buddies or entertain a date? Just pore through your list of Facebook friends and decide which one you like the least (or hate the most).
Who will it be? Will you even know them? What's the amazing story behind why you're friends with them?
No matter the time nor the place, "Find Your Least-Liked Facebook Friend" is a guaranteed good time.


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UTCAN
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding
Honors and Achievements
The roots of Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department of the university of Tehran go back to 1900, when the institution was founded as the School of Farmers.
The Agronomy and Plant Breeding Department is the first and the largest one all over the country.
The school first started with BS degree and continued with MSc degrees in agronomy and plant breeding in 1966.
The Department's mission is to make contributions to the world's Science and the county's agricultural production, through teaching, research, and extension.
Center of Excellence in Biological Control of Pests and Plant Diseases
Center of Excellence in Improving the Quality and Quantity of Native Sheep Carcasses
Center of Excellence in the Use of New Technologies for the Production of Functional Foods and Drinks
Center of Excellence in Physiology, and Biotechnology Reform Temperate Fruits
Center of Excellence in Greenhouse Production
Center of Excellence in Pulses Research
Address: Faculty of Natural Resources, College of Agricultural Science & Engineering, University of Tehran, Daneshkadeh Ave., Karaj-Iran
Fax: + 98 2632227608
Phone Number: + 98 2632227608
Postal Code: 77871-31587
Post Office Box: 4111
© University of Tehran, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources - Karaj - Iran
Please submit any comments to madadi@ut.ac.ir


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EU warms to cooperation with Turkey, ministers say
Turkey 11 September 2010 18:48 (UTC+04:00)
European Union foreign ministers on Saturday put aside their deep differences over the question of Turkey's EU bid to call for closer cooperation on foreign-policy issues, dpa reported.
EU member states are at odds over Turkey's ongoing accession talks. Britain, the Nordic states and Italy support its bid, but France and Germany oppose it, making it hard for the EU agree on how to deal with its powerful neighbour.
But after Saturday's informal talks, "even those countries which have fairly deep reservations recognise more than they perhaps did in the past the strategic importance of Turkey to the EU," Sweden's foreign minister, Carl Bildt, told the German Press Agency dpa.
His Estonian counterpart, Urmas Paet, agreed, saying that EU states now realise that "there are two most important strategic partners: the United States and Turkey."
In recent years, Turkey has emerged as a key player in the Middle East and Central Asia, moving increasingly into the role of the main intermediary between the Muslim world and the West.
Many of its moves have won Western acclaim, but recent stances on Iran and Israel have clashed with EU and US attitudes, leading analysts to say that both sides would gain by improving cooperation.
"Imagine working with Turkey on a strategic basis around the world: it is a very powerful combination," British Foreign Minister William Hague said.
But Turkey is also negotiating towards EU membership, and has run into fierce opposition from France and Germany, which want it to accept a lesser "privileged partnership" - something Turkey rejects.
"Turkey will never accept any replacement or any alternative to the accession process," Foreign Minister Ahmet Davutoglu said.
That has split the EU, with states such as Britain and Italy insisting that Turkey be given the same treatment as other hopefuls.
"We're not talking about some kind of privileged partnership, we're talking about deep integration and cooperation," Finnish Foreign Minister Alexander Stubb said.
Saturday's meeting did not reach concrete decisions or set out specific steps for future work. Italy's deputy minister, Alfredo Mantica, said he wanted the EU in future to invite Turkey to EU summits and high-level political meetings.
But ministers agreed that the discussion had succeeded in putting the tensions of the accession issue aside to focus on cooperation.
"It's not about (accession) decisions which do not have to be taken today: it's about treating Turkey fairly and respectfully," German Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle said.
"It was a fairly encouraging debate," Bildt agreed.
However, diplomats also warned that the accession topic could soon overshadow broader cooperation again. Turkey has to bring its laws into line with EU rules in 33 areas, the so-called "chapters." Thirteen chapters have been opened, and the EU has frozen eight more until Turkey opens its ports to Cypriot vessels.
But France and Cyprus have frozen an estimated nine further chapters. That leaves just three which could be opened - a fact which diplomats warn could soon bring talks to a standstill.
The decision by "certain countries" to freeze talks unilaterally is "fundamentally unacceptable," Bildt warned. The EU "will return to" the issue, he said.
Davutoglu also highlighted the matter, saying, "There should be a new approach, meaning to open more chapters, not to have any linkage or political barriers which are not related to the negotiation process, including the Cyprus question or others."
However, EU foreign policy chief Catherine Ashton stressed that Turkey would have to do its part by bringing its laws into line with EU rules.
"It does require for Turkey to also put in the effort to make sure that that is happening," Hague agreed.
Some statements by Armenian officials cause tension - Lavrov
Trilateral Statement on Karabakh has no secret clauses - Russian FM
Armenian side didn't provide lists of prisoners of war immediately and completely - Lavrov


It's Just Rap presents a showcase featuring live music from Amanda Sharee, JC Seals III, DJ Tha Prince, and more at Warehouse Live.
Tickets are $10 in advance and $15 the day of. Click here for more information.


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Who Is Temple Grandin? (Who Was?) (Paperback) By Patricia Brennan Demuth, Who HQ, Robert Squier (Illustrator)
Who Is Temple Grandin? (Who Was?) (Paperback) By Patricia Brennan Demuth, Who HQ, Robert Squier (Illustrator) quantity
SKU: 9780451532510 Categories: Biographies & Autobiographies, Middle Grade, Ages 8-12, Nonfiction
Autism did not stop her–in fact, it helped Temple Grandin become a brilliant scientist and inventor.
Temple Grandin wasn't officially diagnosed with autism until she was in her 40s, but she knew at an early age that she was different from her family and classmates. She couldn't show affection, she acted out when noises or other stimuli overwhelmed her, and she only felt comfortable when spending time with the animals on her aunt's ranch. But instead of seeing her differences as limitations, Temple used them to guide her education and career in animal science. She has become a leading advocate for the autistic as well as for the humane treatment of animals at meat packing companies. This inspiring biography by Patricia Brennan Demuth shines a light on Temple Grandin's intellect, creativity, and unique spirit.
Be the first to review "Who Is Temple Grandin? (Who Was?) (Paperback) By Patricia Brennan Demuth, Who HQ, Robert Squier (Illustrator)" Cancel reply
Drama by Raina Telgemeier
Dog Man: For Whom the Ball Rolls by Dav Pilkey
Smile by Raina Telgemeier
Sign of the Four (Sherlock Holmes Children's Collection #2) by Arthur Conan Doyle


The Pioneer Board set rates at 3% less than PG&E in December 2017, and then reaffirmed the commitment to lower rates in March 2018. When PG&E raised its rates, Pioneer did not, so Pioneer customers now enjoy even greater savings. To ensure that Pioneer customers receive a lower rate, the Pioneer rates have been set net of all PG&E surcharges to CCA customers (PCIA and FFS*). Pioneer is supported by the rates charged for the electricity is supplies. It is not supported by any tax dollars.
Customers who receive their electric supply from Pioneer Community Energy receive a consolidated bill issued by PG&E that includes PG&E's delivery charges (transmission and distribution) and Pioneer's lower electric generation charges. This is not a double bill or charge. In partnership with Pioneer, PG&E collects payments on behalf of Pioneer.
Electric Generation Charges: This charge is for the electricity you use which is measured in kilowatt hours (kWhs). As shown on the example bill below, you will be billed for the electricity provided by Pioneer. You will no longer be charged by PG&E for the electricity you consume (kWhs).
Electric Delivery and PCIA Charges: Your electricity will continue to be delivered by PG&E. PG&E will continue to own, operate, and maintain the transmission and delivery system (wires and poles). PG&E charges for transmitting and delivering your electricity (kWhs). The transmission and delivery charges are the same for everyone, regardless of whether you are a CCA Program customer or not.
Power Charge Indifference Adjustment (PCIA) is a fee charged to CCA customers, like Pioneer customers, to pay PG&E for electricity it purchased through long-term contracts on behalf of CCA customers prior to their electricity being provided by a CCA.
Pioneer customers are also PG&E customers. Since Pioneer and PG&E are working together to provide your electric service, your bill will include charges from both PG&E and Pioneer, but there will never be any duplicate charges. PG&E will continue to bill for your gas usage separately.
Customers enrolled with Pioneer remain eligible for PG&E energy efficiency rebate and incentive programs.
The mPOWER Program provides fixed-rate, no money down financing to residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, multifamily and non-profit property owners for energy efficiency upgrades, water conservation measures, and energy generation systems. mPOWER is available throughout Placer County (including the City of Roseville), all of Nevada County, and the City of Folsom.
*Franchise fees (FFS) are intended to reimburse local governments for use of public rights-of-way and other public services. All ratepayers whether served by a CCA or not are subject to this fee.


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Венесуэльская кухня () — набор кулинарных традиций, характерных для Венесуэлы.

Сформировалась под влиянием европейской кухни, а также индейских и африканских кулинарных традиций. В различных регионах страны может варьироваться. Основой её являются кукуруза, рис, плантаны, бобовые и мясо в умеренных количествах, обычно свинина, а также птица. Широко используются тропические фрукты и различные овощи, например, помидоры, лук, баклажаны, шпинат. Из крахмалистых овощей используются картофель, ямс и батат.

Традиции и особенности

Венесуэльская кухня очень разнообразна, как и вся культура страны. С одной стороны, она формировалась на основе кулинарии местного индейского населения. Однако значительное влияние на неё оказала европейская средиземноморская кухня, в особенности испанская, итальянская, португальская и французская. Также заметно повлияли на кухню Венесуэлы кулинарные обычаи африканского происхождения.
Те или иные продукты могут употребляться более или менее широко в зависимости от географического расположения региона страны. Так, например, в прибрежных районах широко распространено употребление рыбы и морепродуктов, а жители равнинной местности едят больше продуктов скотоводства. В Андах основой питания являются злаки, корнеплоды, дичь и баранина.
Вероятно, одним из самых известных блюд венесуэльской кухни является арепа — лепёшки из кукурузной муки, которые могут употребляться как сами по себе, так и с различными начинками, например, сыром или мясом. На Рождество принято готовить хлеб с ветчиной, изюмом и оливками. Из напитков популярны пиво и фруктовые соки. Традиционным спиртным напитком является ангостура (концентрированный биттер), а также кокуй — крепкий алкоголь из агавы.

Типичные блюда
 Арепа
 Ветчинный хлеб
 Качапа — тонкие блины из кукурузной муки.
 Кесо де мано — мягкий белый сыр.
 Санкочо — густой суп.
 Чичаррон — жареная свиная шкура.

Ссылки
 Н. М. Фирсова. Национальная кухня и напитки венесуэльцев

Кухня Латинской Америки


How many of you count on calories before picking up the kitchen ladles and jars for trying out a new recipe? Well, for sure I'm not the one. I hardly think about the calories, the fat content, the sugars and carbs when I'm in a mood to try out a recipe. Though I'm a doctor and this is quite contradictory to how my behavior should be, but who says doctors don't have diabetes or hypertension. Jokes apart, I believe in eating good, and good here means something that is soul-satisfying.
Spinach is an excellent source of many vitamins and minerals, especially folic acid.
Spinach is not only great for women, children and growing teens, but it can slow the age related decline in brain function and has anti-inflammatory properties.
During the First World War, wine was fortified with spinach juice and given to French soldiers weakened by hemorrhaging.
It is always advisable to cook the spinach than consuming raw spinach.
Clean the palak/spinach leaves with water and pat them dry. Be careful not to break them.
If the leaves are too big, cut them into two halves each.
Now prepare the batter by adding the besan/gram flour with all the spices and water.
Add water slowly and keep mixing continuously so as to avoid formation of lumps.
When the batter reaches ketchup-like consistency, stop any further addition of water.
Check if it is properly heated by dropping a small portion of the batter and notice if it immediately rises up and starts floating. If so, the oil is ready.
Now carefully take one leaf/patta at a time in your palm. Coat it with the batter on both the sides and slide it smoothly in the hot oil.
Flip over after a minute and see that both are sides are well fried and are golden brown.
Take it out and drain any excess oil on a kitchen tissue.
Fry the leaves one by one after coating them with the batter.
Do not keep them aside for cooling as this chaat is enjoyed hot and crisp.
Now take one crisp spinach leaf/ palak patta and smear it lightly with spicy green chutney and tamarind/imli chutney.
Shower some pomegranate/ anaar pearls over it and finally ornament with bhel ki sev.
Serve immediately else the leaves will so soggy and soft.
You can also add 2 tbs of rice flour to the batter to make the fritters even crispier.
This dish is not meant for storing and keeping, rather make it and finish it at one go.
It always tastes heaven when served immediately so that the leaves stay crisp.
You can also add chopped onions and tomato to the chaat while assembling.
If the batter is too thick, the leaves will have a softer and thicker coat, but if it too runny, the batter will all scatter in the pan, so make sure the consistency is right.
I liked your experiment, must have tasted good.
How badly I am craving this hot and crispy snack. It is so cold today here. I love such snacks and like you I eat everything in moderation, so frying and ghee stuffed ladoos are a regular at my home. I eat one ladoo and the rest is for my kids. So works well for my health and soul too.
innovative and delicious chaat recipe.
Super tempting chaat, mouthwatering here.
Very innovative and interesting finger licking chaat.
This chaat looks awesome.I wouldn't mind skipping my dinner for this.
this is my favorite chat.
Pls visit my space in your spare time !!
I can recall myself having this while it rained heavy in Delhi.. Amazing time and wonderful memories..
Bumped into your blog through Nupur of UK Rasoi - I so agree with you I too love food that is soul satisfying!
Love these fritters, perfect for the weather in Bangalore don't u think!
Lovely space and great recipe collection!


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Architect meets innovations
Conferences in Djibouti
French establishments in Rome
Heritage restoration in Île-de-France
Il Pincio, il giardino di Roma
Inauguration of the Bartholdi fountain - Lyon - 20180322
Lo Manthang has an exceptional value
Reviving a sacred place: the hermitage of Samdrupling
The Cathedral of St John Baptist in Lyon
The Chapel of the Hotel-Dieu in Lyon
The Historic Courthouse in Lyon
The fortified city of Lo Manthang
The grace of a cathedral
The restoration of the 18th century decorations in the church of Brunoy
The restoration of the Bartholdi Fountain in Lyon
The restoration work of the Trinita dei Monti
Ubeda y Baeza
2018 RMHP Fellow
30th anniversary of the Richard Morris Hunt Prize
BARRY troglodyte site: rehabilitation, valorization and security
Chapel of the Hôtel-Dieu: a large-scale project that continues with the restoration of the western facade and two bell towers
Château de La Chaize - Realization of the entrance gate
Franco-Singaporean collaboration
Gothic portal in Salles-Arbuissonnas in Beaujolais - Restoration
La Buvette Cachat, un chantier passionnant à Evian
Lahore Fort, Pakistan, ecrin of Mughal artistic expression
Le Grand Hôtel Dieu de Lyon - Book
Maison des Têtes in Valence (26) - Restoration
Partnership with Studio Milou
Reception and Inauguration of the Cathedrald of Vaison la Romaine
Reception of the 1st phase of the Troglodytic Site
Restoration work on Horloge Charvet
Start of the saint Eutrope Hill construction Site
The Heritage Days
The Mur Pointillac
The Villa Bonaparte in Rome (Italy)
The hidden side of the Hôtel Dieu in Lyon
The postman Cheval's Ideal Palace - End of the works
Villa Bonaparte - Book
Visit of the Fountain of the Porte de Saint Cloud
The Richard Morris Hunt Prize (RMHP), founded in 1990, is celebrating its 30th anniversary. It is awarded each year to a French or American conservation architect. In 2018, Sixte Doussau de Bazignan, a partner at the RL&A Architects, won this grand prize. He spent six months in the United States, from June to December 2018, to study historical conservation in the context of natural disasters.
Article Lauréat 2018
Presentation, by Didier Repellin, on 19/09/2020 during Heritage Day, of the launch of the consolidation and restoration work on the western façade of the Abbey of St Antoine.
Built to house the relics of St. Anthony, the abbey is one of the most remarkable Gothic achievements of the Dauphiné. The western façade, built in molasse stone, is deeply degraded: weathering of the facings and carvings as a result of the ageing of the stone, black sliders, invasive vegetation.
Detail of the facade
The Mur Pontillac
The Mur Pontillac, located in the historical center of Orange and dating from the 1st century, is a remain of the roman Forum western wall. The maintenance and consolidation work have been completed, putting an end to the risk of deterioration and making the entire monument safe, thus ensuring the preservation over time and better comprehension of the building.
Completion of the emergency works on the Saint Eutrope Hill
The Colline Saint-Eutrope in Orange is an emblematic place of the city. An exceptional landscaped site, it groups together archaeological remains from antiquity to modern times and 19th century landscaping.
Urgent work to secure the archeological remains have just been completed. They precede the enhancement works which are currently being studied (design development completed). They aimed to secure the remains of the medieval castle of Orange-Nassau, the ancient "Capitole", the postern and the classic "crève-coeur" rock by interventions such as the removal of dangerous stores, shoring and consolidation.
The « Horloge Charvet », named after its designer, called "Horloge aux Guignols" built in 1864, it is located rue de la Poulaillerie, acquired by the City of Lyon in 2012. A restoration project of the Horloge aux Guignols, began in mid-June. It will then be hung on the façade of the Hôtel de Gadagne, a more relevant location as it houses the Museum of the History and the Museum of the marionnette arts of the City of Lyon. The original wooden frame having disappeared, a new frame is created as a jeweler's window display, a case finely treated for precious objects such as jacquemarts and their mechanisms, emblem of Lyon's heritage.
Link to the Association
Partnership with Studio Milou - Singapore
Partnership between RL&A Architectes Agency and the Studio Milou
Restoration of the Bartholdi Fountain in Lyon, an exceptional project
The Bartholdi Fountain, inaugurated on 22 September 1892 in Lyon, was installed on the Place des Terreaux and is a National historic Landmark. A historical study, carried out by RL & A has allowed a better knowledge of the work. General restoration work was undertaken between 2016 and 2018 as no complete restoration had been carried out since its creation. The remarkable work carried out by the Fonderie de Coubertin to give back the high quality of the sculpture.
Article published in the magazine Monumental by Didier Repellin and Sixte Doussau in a special volume dedicated to hydraulic heritage.
read the article See the project Link to the Editor
Article published by the Singaporean Ministry URA to celebrate 30 years of Franco-Singaporean collaboration on the restoration of historical heritage.
see the article
The Buvette Cachat, an exciting construction site in Evian
The objective is to refurbish the building and highlight this architectural masterpliece of Art Nouveau, a testimony to the golden age of thermal baths in Evian. (see the video)
This film, directed by Hervé Vacheresse, introduces us to this emblematic Lyonnais Hospital since its creation around 1137, through archives, unpublished documents and testimonials from historians including Frédérique Bergeret Malotaux RL & A Architects. (see the film)
Documentary on the Hôtel Dieu
The work on the Fontaines de la Porte de Saint Cloud is in progress, a public visit organised by the CAUE took place on 5 November 2019. These two fountains were built in 1937 by architects Robert Pommier and Jacques Billard and sculptor Paul Landowski. A restoration project has been undertaken by the RL&A Architects agency and the OGI design office to ensure their conservation and restoration.
The current project to rehabilitate the Barry's troglodytic site in Bollène site is about the restoration of houses dating from Roman times and the safety of the public. The first phase of work has been completed. During a second phase of work, the most ruined houses will be consolidated, the roofs will be restored or redone in local lauze.
The Cathedral of the Upper Town of Vaison la Romaine was inaugurated on Saturday 26 October 2019. It was built in the 15th century on the edge of a rocky escarpment within the old town walls. Restoration work on the building's envelope was carried out to ensure its conservation and enhancement as well as the creation and maintenance of contemporary stained glass windows by Dominican father Kim en Joong. The building has been listed as a historic monument since 1994.
See the project
Inauguration of the Portal of the Porte des Enfants du Rhône - Parc de la Tête d'Or
Inaugurated this summer, Le Portail de la Porte des Enfants du Rhône is directly inspired by the roccoco style of the gates of Place Stanislas in Nancy. The singularity of those gates of the Parc de la Tête d'Or is its monumental dimension. Thanks to a major restoration entrusted to RL&A, the Porte des Enfants du Rhône has regained its spectacular splendour. The objective was, in fact, to extend the life of the work while preserving all its authenticity. After being closed during seven years, its main gates is open into this great landscape and garden of the Parc de la Tête d'Or.
Restoration of the Villa Bonaparte in Rome : article written by Didier Repellin and Sixte Doussau, who supervised this project, published in the journal Monumental of June 2019 p. 116.
see the article See the project
As part of the project of restoration and rehabilitation of the Domaine de La Chaize, the main entrance of the domain was created on an already existing access. Not being historically an access of honor, this portal has been treated with a functional simplicity and without ostentation. Made of wrought iron, it is held by two raised stone piles with pots. It is extended on both sides by a half-moon materialized by a wrought iron gate mounted on a stone base. The access path has been requalified and bordered by an alignment of ash and lime trees.
Start of the work of the troglodyte Barry site weakened by the wear of time
Following the master plan carried out by our agency in 2013 and restoration work on the chapel in 2014, the Ville de Bollène has again entrusted the project management to RL&A.
Restoration in conservation concerns more than 45 troglodyte dwellings spread over 4 sectors, terraces and pathways. The intervention aims to be as minimal as possible in order to ensure the "natural" conservation of the site, its security, and visitors' understanding of the intelligence of this habitat, in perfect osmosis with nature.
See the restoration project of the chapel of Barry
This book presents the history of Villa Bonaparte in Rome, its architectural part, the technical and human adventure of the restoration as well as the portraits of restorers with exceptional know-how. The historian Sebastiano Roberto makes assumptions about the probable architect who designed this villa in 1749 for Cardinal Gonzaga. Didier Repellin and Sixte Doussau, in charge of this restoration, present the technical and aesthetic components of a building imprinted with a refined and precursor classicism, and reveal the stakes of this restoration site. Pictures of Thibaut de Rohan-Chabot.
Villa Bonaparte, De Luca Editore d'arte, 2019
See the project Link to the editor
Maison des Têtes in Valence (France) - Restoration
The agency has been selected to carry out the mission for restoration and rehabilitation of the Maison des Têtes of Valence (France). This 16th century town house, listed as a National Landmark, is part of the city's historic heritage and of a program to promote its remarkable buildings.
RL&A realized in 2016-2017 the master plan for the preservation and enhancement of the historical heritage of the city of Valencia.
Team : RL&A, Conservation architect ; Ecobis, économist ; Agence Michalska-Zaorski, architect- set designer ; Laurent Laidet, museographer
Presentation of the master plan See the project
Back from the film by Niels Tavernier "L'incroyable histoire du facteur Cheval", the restoration work has just been completed. This emblematic monument of naive art has been the subject of an empirical project. A unique expression of a man, the Ideal Palace is the reflection of his soul and the restoration was essential as a way to pay homage to him.
Emblematic of Baroque art in Lyon, the chapel of the Hôtel-Dieu is historically and spatially related to the site of the Grand-Hôtel-Dieu. The restoration program initiated by the Hospices Civils de Lyon in 2012, currently extends to the exteriors.
RL&A continues its mission of project management for the restoration of the building.
The Town Hall of Salles-Arbuissonnas in Beaujolais entrusted to RL&A the restoration of the Gothic portal, located against the southern flank of the Saint-Martin church.
Consisting of several levels of elevation, the foliage details are characteristic of the flamboyant Gothic style.
The project, which lasted two months, ended on November 3, 2018.
An exceptional testimony of Mughal architecture, Lahore Fort represents the extreme refinement and mastery of the techniques of a civilization at the crossroads of Islamic, Persian, Hindu and Mongolian arts. Inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List, the fort and its gardens are the subject of a program for their preservation and restoration.
The agency RL&A has been selected to make a master plan on the entire site.
Inauguration of the Bartholdi fountain - Lyon - 2018-03-22
After two years of restoration work, the Bartholdi fountain was inaugurated on March 22 by the Mayor of Lyon, Georges Képénékian.
Under the direction of Didier Repellin, in collaboration with Sixte Doussau, the shipyard has worked different specific trades for this extraordinary work.
Sixte Doussau nominated 28e follower of the Richard Morris Hunt Prize for a 6-months research project: "Urgences climatiques et patrimoine, prévention et action". Its study will address issues related to the stabilization of buildings and affected areas and the development of future means of protection and prevention.
Sixte Doussau's interview
This book presents the richness and complexity of the architectural and social evolution of this building, punctuated by human, scientific and artistic anecdotes. It is illustrated with exceptional archival documents and photos of Ferrante Ferranti.
Ombline d'Aboville et Frédérique Malotaux, Le Grand Hôtel Dieu de Lyon, Libel, 2017
Didier REPELLIN, Décembre 2014 : Scheda storica sullo svolgimento dei lavori di scavo (Workshop organisé par l'Académie de France à Rome et l'Ecole Française de Rome : Il Pincio, il giardino di Roma)
Didier REPELLIN, December 2014: The restoration of the Bartholdi fountain in Lyon (Symposium organized by ICOMOS France - Paris: Metal open air)
Antoine MADELENAT, several articles on the restoration of heritage in Île-de-France, in Beaux-Arts, special edition, November 2014
Didier REPELLIN, « Un patrimoine à remettre en valeur », in La chapelle de l'Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon. Carnet d'une restauration, Lyon, Ed. Lyonnaises d'Art et d'Histoire – Hospices Civils de Lyon, 2014, p. 68-72.
Didier REPELLIN, October 2014: The restoration work of the Trinita dei Monti: findings, interpretations, discoveries (Symposium organized by the French School of Rome. Research and discoveries in Trinita dei Monti 20 years of projects)
Didier REPELLIN, "The Cathedral of St. John Baptist de Lyon. The interior restoration of the choir "in Monumental, 2014-2, p.40-41.
Didier REPELLIN, June 2014: The Hôtel-Dieu in Lyon: a palace to heal the soul, mind and body (Conferences organized by Architect @ Work - Lyon: Sensory Architecture)
Didier REPELLIN, « A l'exception répondre par l'exception » and « Restaurer : les savoir-faire d'aujourd'hui à la hauteur de ceux d'hier », in La restauration du Palais de Justice Historique de Lyon, Lyon: EMCC, 2013, p. 50-61 and p. 96-115.
- Conferences in Djibouti, Congo Brazzaville, Cameroon, Algeria, Hungary, at the request of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- Conferences in Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand, Peru, Egypt, at the request of UNESCO.
- Conferences in Singapore, at the request of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Singapore.
- Conferences in the United States, at the request of the French Heritage Society and the National Trust.
- Conferences in Belgium at the request of the Walloon Heritage Institute.
Maïe KITAMURA for UNESCO :
Comparative Analysis of Lo Manthang as part of its nomination on World Heritage List, IPRAUS-ENSAPB / CNRS. 'Lo Manthang has an exceptional value', UNESCO interview, website of the UNESCO Office in Kathmandu, 2013
See the interview
Didier REPELLIN, at the request of ICOMOS :
- Ubeda-Baeza (Spain)
- Alcala de Henares (Spain)
Didier REPELLIN, "The French establishments in Rome" (several articles), in Monumental, 2011-2.
Scientific co-direction of Lyon. The grace of a cathedral, Strasbourg, La nuée bleue, 2011.
Maïe KITAMURA, La cité fortifiée de Lo Manthang, Mustang, nord du Népal, Paris : éditions Recherches, 2011
Maïe KITAMURA, « Reviving a sacred place: the hermitage of Samdrupling », in Mustang, the Artistic Heritage of an Ancient Himalayan Kingdom, Mumbai: Marg, pp.148-159
Antoine MADELENAT, « The restoration of the 18th century decorations in the church of Brunoy », in Monumental, 2007-2


text:
Q: How to apply a LINQ (l2s) query to a list of entites? I imported a number of CSVs in a database, each is now a table with some common columns. I'm trying to figure out if I can use Linq2Sql to combine them together without doing a copy/modify.
I've never done anything like Dynamic LINQ Queries
Is that the only thing I can do or are there other options?
The query is:
var excelRows =
    from c in Apr10s // <-- GOAL - run on Apr10s, May10s, Jun10s, ... etc....
    where
        c.VolumeStats != null
        && c.VolumeStats > 0
        && c.Costperunit != null
        && c.Costperunit > 0
    select new
    {
        c.Publisher,
        c.CampaignNumber,
        c.Campaign,
        c.RevenuePerUnit,
        c.Costperunit,
        c.VolumeStats,
        c.Rep
    };
var reportItems =
    from c in excelRows
    select new
    {
        Publisher = c.Publisher,
        Campaign = c.Campaign,
        Payout = c.Costperunit,
        Actions = c.VolumeStats,
        Revenue = (decimal)c.Costperunit.Value * (decimal)c.VolumeStats.Value
    };

var reportItemsByPublisher = reportItems.GroupBy(c => c.Publisher);

A: Not too easily. If you were using Linq to Entites it's very simple to select from a table using a runtime variable table name. Linq to Sql is more of a challenge.
You might instead considering writing a stored proc or a view that consolidates all the data in your database. This is a data issue, not an application issue, right?
edit: if you want to use the Entity Framework, you have a variety of options. The first is
executing SQL & returning objects.
Alternatively, create an object and return it from your context for each table something like this
using (var c = new myContext())
{
    var result1 = c.CreateObjectSet<MyType>("table1");
    result1.Where(x => blah).Select(y => etc)

    var result2 = c.CreateObjectSet<MyType>("table2");
    var result3 = c.CreateObjectSet<MyType>("table3");
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Responsive JR Carousel is a responsive full screen carousel with modern effects and multiple options. Multiple slideLayouts to maintain aspect ratio. Minimal configuration, easy to install. Large browsers support ( Internet Explorer(9+), Chrome, Firefox, Safari ..) . Highly configurable and backed with a 24x7 Customer Support package. This module is cross browser compatible and works on all the modern browsers. Bug Free and works great! Compatible with Joomla 1.5.x , 2.5.x , 3.x.x. The Downloads Access and Extension Support is valid for 6 months from the date of purchase.


Hint: it has everything to do with Michael Rapaport winning a certain award at The Bravos.
As everyone knows, both Chrissy Teigen and the actor Michael Rapaport are diehard Bravo superfans. But only one of them could go home with the Biggest Bravoholic Award at Wednesday night's inaugural award show, The Bravos. Sadly, for Chrissy, that person was Michael, who bravely declared that "real men watch Real Housewives" in his acceptance speech. Now, Chrissy wants to see the votes.
As you can see from her tweets, she was taking the news hard.
Even some of her fans were surprised by the outcome.
@chrissyteigen @MichaelRapaport @Bravotv does he have a valid birth certificate?
Fellow nominee Jerry O'Connell was also bummed about his loss.
Not to pour salt on their wounds, but Michael does look like he had a blast at the show.
In case you missed it, check out Erika Jayne's high-octane performance of "Pretty Mess" from the big night, below.
Michael Rapaport: "Bethenny is a Force"


text:
Q: Intersection multiplicity in flat families of linear spaces Let $X\subset\mathbb{P}^N$ be an irreducible projective variety and $\{H_t\}_{t\in \mathbb{C}^{*}}$ a family of $(k-2)$-dimensional linear subspaces of $\mathbb{P}^N$ intersecting $X$ in $k$ distinct points $x_i(t)$.
Denote by $H_0$ the flat limit of the $H_t$ as $t\mapsto 0$, and assume that all the $x_i(t)$ collapse to the same point $x_0\in X\cap H_0$ for $t\mapsto 0$.
In this situation can we get some information on the intersection multiplicity of $X$ and $H_0$ at $x_0$?
For instance, if $k-2 = 2$ is the intersection multiplicity of $X$ and $H_0$ at $x_0$ equal to 4?


The Van Wert County Commissioners, on behalf of the Van Wert County Department of Job and Family Services, are seeking bids to lease a seven (7) passenger mini-van or comparable vehicle. Deadline for submitting bids is at 4:00 p.m. on Monday, March 25, 2019, with the bid opening occurring at 10:30 a.m. on Thursday, March 28, 2019. Please click on the link below for more information.
The Van Wert County Commissioners are seeking professional qualifications and a proposal for General Administrative Assistance and Implementation Services for its proposed FY 2019 CDBG/HOME/OHTF Community Housing Improvement Program (CHIP). Please click on the link below for more information.
The Van Wert Area Economic Development Corporation is inviting contractors to bid on local demolition projects. Contact JoAnne Simmerman at (419) 238-2999 if interested. Please click on the link below for more information.


text:
Zèbre est un nom vernaculaire, ambigu en français, pouvant désigner plusieurs espèces différentes d'herbivores de la famille des équidés, et du genre Equus, vivant en Afrique.

Ils se trouvent principalement en Afrique centrale et australe. Ces animaux se caractérisent par des bandes de rayures, généralement verticales, noires et blanches. Bien que la phylogénie des équidés soit peu connue, ce groupe est manifestement paraphylétique, c'est-à-dire que si tous ces animaux descendent bien d'une espèce commune, toutes les espèces descendantes de celle-ci ne sont pas que des zèbres. Il y a aussi des chevaux et des ânes qui sont plus ou moins proches de chacune de ces espèces.

Il existe trois espèces de zèbres : le zèbre des plaines, le zèbre des montagnes et le zèbre de Grévy. Le zèbre des plaines et le zèbre des montagnes appartiennent au sous-genre Hippotigris, mais le zèbre de Grévy est la seule espèce du sous-genre Dolichohippus. Ce dernier ressemble à un âne, auquel les zèbres sont étroitement liés, tandis que les deux premiers ressemblent davantage à un cheval. Tous les trois appartiennent au genre Equus, avec d'autres équidés vivants.

Les rayures uniques des zèbres en font l'un des animaux les plus familiers de l'homme. On les trouve dans une variété d'habitats, comme les prairies, les savanes, les forêts, les garrigues épineuses, les montagnes et les collines côtières. Cependant, divers facteurs ont eu de graves répercussions sur les populations de zèbres, en particulier la chasse à la peau et la destruction des habitats. Le zèbre de Grévy et le zèbre des montagnes sont en danger d'extinction. Bien que les zèbres des plaines soient beaucoup plus abondants, une sous-espèce, le quagga, a disparu à la fin du .

Description
Mammifères terrestres herbivores, les caractéristiques générales des zèbres sont celles des équidés du genre Equus, avec des nuances comportementales et physiologiques pour chaque espèce.
Les zèbres communs mesurent de  à  ( en moyenne) au garrot contre  à  ( en moyenne) au garrot pour les zèbres de Grévy, et  et . La longueur du corps va de  à  pour les zèbres communs et de  à  pour les zèbres de Grévy et la longueur de la queue de . La masse varie de  pour les zèbres communs contre  pour les zèbres de Grévy. Chez les zèbres, les étalons sont généralement plus grands et plus lourds que les femelles, appelées zébrelles ou zébresses.

En 2016, on dénombrait, dans toute l'Afrique, moins de .

Zébrures

Les zèbres sont avant tout reconnaissables aux bandes noires et blanches de leur pelage.

Grâce à des méthodes de reconnaissance de formes, les scientifiques peuvent désormais lire les rayures caractéristiques des zèbres comme des codes-barres pour recenser une population à partir de photographies. Après avoir pris la photo d'un individu, les chercheurs la transfèrent sur un ordinateur équipé de logiciels dédiés comme StripeSpotter, un logiciel mis au point par l'université de l'Illinois à Chicago et l'université de Princeton. Ils zooment ensuite sur le flanc de l'animal, où chaque rayure est décomposée en lignes verticales de pixels. Leurs combinaisons sont aussi uniques que les empreintes digitales humaines. Reste à faire une recherche sur la base de données pour voir si le zèbre est un nouveau venu. StripeSpotter a été utilisé sur des zèbres de Grévy et des zèbres des plaines. D'autres travaux étendent la reconnaissance à d'autres animaux comme les léopards, les girafes et les Pterois.

Une légende africaine demande si le zèbre est blanc à rayures noires ou noir à rayures blanches. Cette question a généré de nombreuses légendes ou réponses fantaisistes, mais des explications plus scientifiques existent.

Formation des rayures

Les premières populations de zèbres étaient de couleur gris-ardoise. Les spécialistes pensent généralement, en observant les rayures partielles du Quagga et en tenant compte de la pigmentation nécessaire aux animaux pour survivre sous le soleil d'Afrique, que les zèbres étaient originellement des animaux pigmentés de noir et que les raies se forment par inhibition de la production de mélanine.

Les raies noires et blanches du zèbre sont absentes au stade fœtal initial, ils sont entièrement noirs. Les rayures finissent par apparaître par bandes d'environ quatre cents micromètres (vingt fois une cellule). Les rayures sont alors d'autant plus nombreuses que l'animal est gros. Elles grandissent ensuite avec lui. Selon J.B.L. Bard, les espèces de zèbres différeraient selon le stade embryonnaire auquel apparaissent les raies.

En 1952, Alan Turing a démontré que « même si la concentration initiale en morphogène est uniforme, la combinaison de réactions chimiques et de diffusion des substances à travers les tissus peut faire apparaître un motif » et aussi que « ce motif dépend du type de réactions impliquées, de la forme de la région et des concentrations initiales ». Ainsi l'évolution vers des rayures au lieu de taches n'est pas difficile et dépendra de la taille et du temps de gestation de l'espèce.

Ceci conforte la théorie du  selon laquelle les espèces de zèbres sont, chacune, plus proche d'une espèce de cheval que de ses consœurs car « il suffit d'une petite modification des relations temporelles des processus qui sous-tendent la formation du motif » pour faire apparaître des rayures au lieu de taches. Ce qui a donc pu se produire indépendamment au cours de l'évolution des différentes espèces devenues des zèbres.

Historique du rôle

On ignore encore exactement quelle pourrait être l'utilité des rayures : de nombreuses théories sont proposées mais aucune n'est validée. Les principales hypothèses sur la fonction des zébrures concerneraient le camouflage, l'évasion face aux prédateurs, la thermorégulation et les interactions sociales ; toutefois, selon une étude multifactorielle publiée en 2013, rien ne vient étayer de manière convaincante l'une ou l'autre de ces hypothèses.

Au , l'écrivain Rudyard Kipling et le naturaliste Alfred Russel Wallace ont contribué à diffuser l'hypothèse selon laquelle les rayures du zèbre lui permettaient de mieux se fondre dans la savane. Cette hypothèse longtemps considérée comme crédible dans la communauté scientifique a toutefois été démentie au début du . L'hypothèse est formellement démentie en 2016. En fait, dans la savane, le zèbre est très visible, et il tendrait donc à se dresser comme une exception à la règle du camouflage.

Les rayures auraient aussi un effet stroboscopique sur les prédateurs. Lorsque tout un troupeau s'enfuit, les raies des divers individus se mélangent, rendant flou le contour d'un animal aux yeux d'un lion, par exemple. Un phénomène comparable serait à l'origine du camouflage Dazzle.

Dans les , des recherches ont pointé le fait que la mouche tsé-tsé, responsable de la maladie du sommeil à laquelle les zèbres sont plus sensibles que d'autres animaux sauvages, est attirée par la vue de larges zones monochromes : les rayures permettraient ainsi de se protéger du parasite. Il est à ce sujet significatif de constater que les zones de répartition des zèbres et de ces glossines coïncident exactement et que les rayures s'estompent chez les populations moins exposées au parasitisme par les trypanosomes.
Des travaux publiés en 2012 viennent corroborer cette hypothèse, en démontrant que les taons sont plus attirés par les monochromes, et que l'effet « répulsif » des rayures est plus prononcé pour des rayures semblables à celles des zèbres. En s'inspirant de ce résultat, des chercheurs japonais ont publié en 2019 des résultats prometteurs sur du bétail : des vaches ont été peintes avec un motif inspiré de celui des zèbres, ce qui a permis de réduire de moitié l'incidence des morsures de taons.

Une autre hypothèse veut que les rayures contribueraient à la thermorégulation, permettant aux zèbres qui broutent pendant des heures de mieux supporter les fortes chaleurs de la savane africaine. Les bandes noires et blanches, par absorption et réflexion différentielle des rayons solaires, chauffent différemment, ce qui provoquerait entre elles un flux d'air différentiel à l'origine de tourbillons engendrant un effet de refroidissement. Ce dispositif leur permet d'avoir une température corporelle inférieure à celle d'herbivores de taille similaire paissant dans les mêmes conditions ( contre ).

Les rayures favoriseraient la cohésion sociale en facilitant la reconnaissance et l'identification de chaque individu d'un groupe grâce au dessin de rayures unique. Ainsi le zèbre de Burchell possède de vingt-cinq à trente raies sur chacun de ses flancs, le zèbre des montagnes quarante-trois et le zèbre de Grévy en compte environ quatre-vingt.

Comportement et écologie

Prédateurs

Les lions et les hyènes peuvent s'attaquer aux adultes ; les jeunes poulains et les jeunes pré-adultes peuvent être la proie des lycaons, guépards, léopards. Les prédateurs sont opportunistes et s'attaquent aux animaux vulnérables et donc peu rapides ; les individus malades, âgés, blessés, isolés, jeunes ou les femelles en gestation, sont les proies idéales.

Un zèbre en bonne condition physique a plusieurs moyens de défense contre ses prédateurs, il possède une très bonne vue diurne, une ouïe excellente, un bon odorat et court très vite. Les zèbres peuvent ainsi tenir une vitesse de  sur une très longue distance ou, en cas de danger, galoper à  en moyenne et même faire des pointes à  pour semer par exemple une lionne qui court presque aussi vite, mais ne tiendra pas la distance. Pour se défendre, ils peuvent aussi mordre et d'un coup de sabot, briser la mâchoire d'une lionne. Leurs ruades peuvent être mortelles, celles-ci sont encore plus puissantes que celles d'un cheval. Leurs rayures provoquent aussi une sorte d'« effet stroboscopique », et rendent les individus difficiles à repérer lorsqu'ils courent en groupe.

Systématique

Taxonomie

Les populations de zèbres varient beaucoup, et les liens entre les espèces ne sont pas encore très bien compris. La taxinomie des zèbres est encore discutée et instable.

Espèces habituellement citées dans les classifications classiques :
 Equus burchellii Gray, 1824 ou Zèbre de Burchell (zèbre des plaines, synonyme du suivant)
 Equus quagga Boddaert, 1785
 Equus grevyi Oustalet, 1882
 Equus zebra Linnaeus, 1758

Les espèces sont notamment caractérisées par un nombre différent de paires de chromosomes : 46 pour Equus grevyi, 44 pour Equus quagga et Equus burchellii, et 32 pour Equus zebra.

Une nouvelle classification a été proposée en 2004 par les Anglais C.P. Groves et H.B. Bell, d'après l'observation traditionnelle du pelage et des crânes de ces animaux :
 Sous-genre Dolichohippus avec une seule espèce :
 Equus grevyi
 Sous-genre Hippotigris avec trois espèces :
 Equus quagga, avec six sous-espèces :
 Equus quagga quagga (éteint)
 Equus quagga burchellii
 Equus quagga boehmi,
 Equus quagga borensis
 Equus quagga chapmani
 Equus quagga crawshayi
 Equus zebra
 Equus hartmannae

Espèces vivantes
 Le zèbre de Burchell (Equus quagga, syn. Equus burchellii), encore appelé zèbre des plaines est le plus commun. Selon les dernières recherches (2004) il comporterait six sous-espèces, réparties entre l'Afrique de l'Est et du Sud. Le « zèbre de Burchell vrai » désignerait en fait une sous-espèce éteinte (Equus quagga burchelli) ou n'ayant jamais existé ;
 Le zèbre des montagnes (Equus zebra), de l'Afrique du Sud-Ouest, tend à avoir une toison lisse, un ventre blanc et des rayures plus rapprochées que son cousin des plaines. Il comprend deux sous-espèces, en danger d'extinction ;
 Le zèbre de Grévy (Equus grevyi) est le plus grand de tous les zèbres. Il possède une longue crinière hérissée ainsi qu'une tête longue et étroite qui le fait ressembler à une mule. C'est un habitant des savanes d'Éthiopie, de Somalie et du nord du Kenya. Il est également menacé d'extinction.

Histoire évolutive

Pendant l'Éocène, il y a environ  d'années, un petit mammifère de la taille d'un chien, baptisé Hyracotherium par les paléontologues, vivait sur le continent américain.
Il serait à l'origine de tous les équidés (cheval, poney, âne, zèbre).

À ce moment-là, on pense qu'ils ressemblaient beaucoup au zèbre de Grévy d'aujourd'hui. Grâce à leur développement, ils gagnèrent en vitesse, se déplacèrent davantage à la recherche de nourriture et entreprirent de plus longues migrations. C'est à ce moment-là qu'ils se répandirent en Asie, en Afrique et en Europe, passant par le détroit de Béring, alors recouvert de glace épaisse.

Des fossiles datant du Pléistocène démontrent la grande répartition de ces équidés.  L'évolution de nombreuses espèces d'équidés est mal connue, une des difficultés étant qu'il est difficile de distinguer les caractères évolutifs de certaines adaptations morphologiques locales. On sait qu'il existait encore des ânes sauvages et des zèbres en Europe à la fin de la dernière période glaciaire de l'ère quaternaire.

Aujourd'hui, les équidés sauvages sont devenus rares. Il existe sept principales espèces équines, dont la plupart sont très proches de l'extinction : les trois zèbres d'Afrique et leurs cousins, l'âne sauvage ; le cheval sauvage de Mongolie ; les deux ânes sauvages d'Asie, le kiang et l'hémione.

Étymologie et dénominations
Le substantif masculin « zèbre » () est un emprunt au portugais , substantif féminin lui-même probablement issu  d'un latin vulgaire *, variation vernaculaire du latin  (« cheval sauvage »), composé de  (« cheval ») et de  (« sauvage »).

En français, « zèbre » est attesté au début du  : d'après le Trésor de la langue française informatisé, sa première occurrence (graphie : ) se trouve dans l'Histoire des choses plus mémorables advenues tant ez Indes orientales, que autres païs de la descouverte des Portugais de Pierre du Jarric, parue à Bordeaux en .

Le portugais  servait initialement à désigner un équidé sauvage, le zevro ou zebro, particulièrement abondant dans la péninsule Ibérique jusqu'au . En , la nature biologique précise de l'animal reste incertaine. Quatre hypothèses ont été avancées selon lesquelles le zebro ibérique serait : soit l'hydrontin (Equus hydruntinus), un onagre éteint ; soit l'ancêtre du Sorraia, une race chevaline portugaise ; soit un onagre moderne, introduit dans la péninsule Ibérique par les musulmans ; soit un équidé domestique errant, âne ou cheval.

Le petit du zèbre s'appelle le zébreau et la femelle du zèbre s'appelle la zébrelle. On rencontre aussi le terme zébresse ou zebrette.

On dit que le zèbre hennit comme le cheval mais le zèbre de Grévy brait, comme l'âne, on dit aussi qu'il jappe.

Liste alphabétique de noms vernaculaires ou des noms vulgaires attestés en français.
Note : certaines espèces ont plusieurs noms et, les classifications évoluant encore, certains noms scientifiques ont peut-être un autre synonyme valide. En gras, l'espèce la plus connue des francophones.

  -
 Dauw - Equus burchelli burchelli

 Zèbre de Chapman - Equus quagga antiquorum
 Zèbre de Crawshay - Equus quagga crawshayi
 Zèbre de Grant - Equus quagga boehmi
 Zèbre de Grévy - Equus grevyi
  - Equus zebra et plus spécialement :
 Zèbre de montagne de Hartmann ou simplement zèbre de Hartmann - Equus zebra hartmannae
 Zèbre de montagne du Cap - Equus zebra zebra
 Zèbre des plaines (ou zèbre de Burchell) - Equus quagga ou Equus burchelli
 Zèbre de Selous - Equus quagga selousi
 Zèbre des steppes - Equus quagga
 Zèbre vrai - Equus zebra

Les zèbres et l'homme

Tentatives de domestication

S'il est possible, avec beaucoup d'effort, de domestiquer un zèbre pris isolément, l'espèce s'y prête peu. Vivant dans un milieu comprenant de grands prédateurs tels que le lion, le guépard et la hyène, le zèbre a développé de puissantes techniques de défense. D'après l'universitaire Carol Hall, . Les tentatives de domestication s'expliquent par sa résistance au climat chaud, aux maladies africaines et de sa rapidité supérieure à celle du cheval rustique. En Afrique du Sud, les Boers ont essayé plusieurs fois d'harnacher des zèbres mais ont vu la plupart de leurs tentatives déjouées par la nature sauvage et têtue de l'animal.

Hybrides
 Le zébrâne est le croisement d'un zèbre et d'une ânesse.
 Le zébrule est le croisement d'un zèbre et d'une jument.
 Plus généralement, le croisement d'un zèbre avec un autre équidé (ponette, mule, bardot femelle...) donne un zébroïde.

Reconstitutions
 Le Quagga contemporain est une tentative de restitution de cette sous-espèce. Il s'agit d'un élevage sélectif du Zèbre des plaines (Equus Quagga) dans le but de retrouver l'apparence de l'animal disparu après avoir découvert la grande similitude de l'ADN des spécimens disparus avec celui des zèbres modernes.

Les zèbres dans la culture

Vocabulaire
 « Zébré » est un adjectif, dérivé de zèbre, qui signifie rayé, souvent de rayures noires et blanches alternées mais pas obligatoirement.
 Dans plusieurs langues (comme l'espagnol, l'anglais ou le néerlandais), on appelle le passage piéton respectivement le passage-zèbre, le croisement-zèbre et le sentier-zèbre.
En France on appelle zébras les parties de voie publique rayées et interdites à la circulation (sur bretelles d'entrée et de sortie d'autoroutes, parkings, rond-points, ... )
 Idiotismes animaliers : un drôle de zèbre est un individu douteux et filer comme un zèbre veut dire courir très vite.

Proverbes

  (massaï, Kenya)
  (Sénégal)
  (Afrique)
 « L'ombre du zèbre n'a pas de rayures » (René Char, poète français)

Le symbolisme du zèbre

Le zèbre est un symbole de courage car il entreprend de grandes migrations annuelles pour chercher des pâturages, malgré les lions et les hyènes ou encore les crocodiles qui les menacent.

Le zèbre est aussi un symbole du métissage et de l'harmonie entre les peuples. Ainsi, le zèbre est le symbole animal du Botswana : ses rayures noires et blanches ornent le drapeau depuis 1996 et deux zèbres affrontés encadrent les armoiries du pays.

Le Zèbre de Grévy est aussi le symbole de l'Afrique et de la faune africaine.

En Angola, des crinières de zèbres sont portées lors de danses rituelles ayant lieu pour les cérémonies d'initiation des jeunes lors des rites de « transformation ».

Zèbre et surdoués
Le terme « zèbre » a été utilisé pour la première fois par la psychologue Jeanne Siaud-Facchin, une des spécialistes de la douance en France, dans son livre L'enfant surdoué : L'aider à grandir, l'aider à réussir publié en . Elle l'a utilisé à l'origine pour éviter d'utiliser le mot encombrant de « surdoué » et toutes les images et connotations qu'il véhicule. De ce fait, le zèbre a servi de base pour le nom de sites internet traitant du sujet des surdoués. Ce terme est donc connoté car en lien avec les entreprises de "thérapie" dirigées par la psychologue pour les personnes à haut potentiel.

Zèbre et médecine
Dans le monde médical, le terme « zèbre » est employé pour qualifier une personne ayant un diagnostic rare. Cette expression est due à Théodore Woodward, un professeur d'université qui a utilisé cette expression pour instruire ses élèves : « quand vous entendez des bruits de sabot derrière vous, ne vous attendez pas à voir un zèbre ». Il sous-entendait qu'il fallait se diriger vers un diagnostic évident par rapport aux symptômes plutôt que de chercher quelque chose de rare, complexe, moins fréquent. .

Le zèbre est également l'animal mascotte du syndrome d'Ehlers-Danlos, un groupe de maladies du tissu conjonctif, dont la plupart sont rares et souvent difficilement diagnostiquées.

Zèbres dans l'art et la fiction

 Drôles de zèbres est un film de Guy Lux de 1977 où un patron d'hôtel savant fou à ses heures veut transformer un cheval de course en crack en lui injectant notamment du sang de zèbre.
 Zig Zag, l'étalon zébré est un film pour enfants dont le héros est un zèbre.
 Marty le zèbre, personnage des films d'animation Madagascar,  et .
 Le film et le manga Zebraman racontent l'histoire d'un super-héros dont le costume et les pouvoirs (une « super-ruade ») sont inspirés du zèbre.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
 .

Liens externes

 Histoire du zèbre

Zèbre
Ongulé (nom vernaculaire)
Équidé d'Afrique
Nom de mammifère ambigu


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