text:
Narrative coercion as method of behavior modification
Dr Frans E. J. Gieles, 2006
This study
What is treatment?
What is a methodology?
How can a methodology be described?
The seven elements of acting (methodologically)
(1) Interpretation
The client sees himself in a different way
(2) The aims
(3) The ways of acting
1. Conditions beforehand
2. Keeping distance in a hierarchical relationship
3. The group
4. A work book with questionnaires
a. The delict scenario
b. The offense chain
c. The sexual script
d. The funnel
5. Lots of orders
6a. Narrative force: the 'thinking errors'
--- Intermezzo ---
6b. Narrative coercion: the 'thinking errors' - 2
7. Normalizing fantasies
8. Other kinds of coercion and control
--- A remark ---
9. Sometimes - but more often - lust inhibiting medicines
10. In the USA routinely: mechanical detectors
(4) Seeing and interpreting the outcome
(5) The feeling afterwards
It is here where the shoe pinches
(6) The ideas and questions arisen
(7) The way to search for better courses of action
A critical view
Nevertheless ...
Developing methodology
Therapist: "But sir, you are an offender!"
Client: "I was an offender, twelve years ago, but now no longer! And never again!"
Therapist: "But sir, our expertise tells us that offenders ten, fifteen of twenty years later can re-offend. And you have a severe distortion, according to the experts."
Therapist: "OK sir, you may place yourself in the care of our treatment here ... but you have to cancel that football club of yours, or at least your function as a youth trainer."
Client: "But nothing ever has happened, I am not an offender!"
Therapist: "No, still not, but you are a potential offender."
Client: "Oh no! Never ever!"
Therapist: "Sir, my expertise tells me that you very well might become an offender. That's why I advise you to place yourself in the care of our treatment. After all, you do have a distortion."
This is a short explorative study concerning the methodology of the sex offender treatment (SOT), presently frequently used as routine in the Netherlands and abroad.
An explorative study wants to explore a problem and present it to the reader in order to stimulate further thinking and research, possibly leading to improvement and development of the methodology.
The basis is
a short exploration of the literature and
the experiences of fifteen clients from several countries.
A short exploration of the literature is not much of one, but I read in literature of 2006 nearly the same as in literature of 1996. There seem to be only a few changes and developments, only in detail within the chosen model, but the model itself is the same. My impression is: much of the same.
Fifteen clients are not many, but data are extremely scarce and very difficult to get. This is because the clients are not allowed to tell about their own treatment. If they do,
they break the contract,
thus they hinder the treatment,
thus they break the conditions of the court,
thus they can be sent back to prison.
In several countries, this can be for many years in awful and dangerous circumstances.
Nevertheless, fifteen narratives reached me, some by letter or e-mail, and some only by word of mouth because of the forbidden character of it. The narratives match greatly, thus they may be an indication.
Also the therapists keep silence. They refuse to speak about their clients, except for mentioning of successful cases in the literature, while remaining silent about themselves. They only write fine things in the literature, about 'safe groups' and 'understanding therapists', but how they see, do and experience their work has not been told. My impression is that they have few self-critics in a closed stronghold believing in an ideology.
The public and the courts don't know better than that there is a treatment by experts, but they don't know what happens within the clinics. Let's have a look within those walls, as far as literature and clients have given us information. Let us look critically.
Treatment is methodically acting by therapists targeted to clients, patients of to those who otherwise need help: therapists follow a methodology.
"A 'methodology' is seen as a repertory of possibilities for action, which can be argued as being correct, which are usable and fruitful and which can be chosen, performed and justified by [... the therapists].
A methodology has thus possible ways of acting to choose, and an advise for the right choose.
The ways of acting and the advise has to be put into words by adequate concepts with which is is possible to meaningfully speak and think about the acting.
The possibilities of acting ought not only to be 'usable' and 'fruitful', but also 'argued as correct'. In that argumentation, ethical norms will play a role."
(Gieles 1992)
Methodology can be described as a way of acting, as a repertory of ways to act.
How can ways of acting be described?
To do this, I have developed a method in my dissertation, in which the concept 'course of action' is unfolded in seven elements. With these seven elements at hand, one can describe, compare and develop methodology.
These seven elements form the further structure of this article. →
How does the therapist see his clients and the situation? How is his interpretation of what he sees? What is his framework of interpretation? This will highly influence his aims and his method, but also how he interprets the outcome later on.
The answer is written in the literature and this matches with what the clients have experienced.
(1) The way the situation is seen and interpreted.
(2) The aims chosen.
(3) The method of working.
(4) The way the outcome is seen and interpreted.
(5) The feeling afterwards.
(6) Insights: the ideas and questions arisen.
(7) The way to search for better courses of action.
The first and most important characteristic of the view of the therapists is already given in the title of this essay: the therapists view of the client is primarily and exclusively
as the perpetrator of a crime.
Crime and being an offender are the central points in the way of seeing by the therapists.
By having ever offended, the client seems to suddenly have become another kind of human. The view reduces the human to an offender. Long time ago? Or never offended? No problem. In that case, the client is seen as a potential offender, thus still exclusively as an offender. The clients notice this heavily.
As a stranger, as entirely another kind of human.
The literature emphasizes especially the differences between therapists and clients, never the similarities. The client is viewed as a human with totally deviant values and norms - the wrong ones- and a very different culture and psyche.
Deneer 2004: "The unbridgeable distance" that you should not want to bridge (pp 22 & 168).
As a distorted, excuse me, as a severely distorted personality.
This is in sharp contrast with the therapist, who is explicitly not distorted.
As a clever manipulator, who also holds out fallacies to himself.
Of course, the staff never manipulates and has no fallacies, thus this difference is very great.
As a danger.
The danger is re-offending. One estimates this risk always high, as long as the client, or better yet: his behavior and cognitions, are not changed.
Deneer 2004 titles his book: "Dangerous Groups".
As a behaving being.
The client is someone who nearly automatically reacts to stimuli, and who by doing so, via a disinhibitor or triggers and a crime chain comes to crime behavior.
This in contrast to the therapist, who, supposedly, sees himself as an acting being who himself chooses his own - of course correct - way of acting.
Describing the model, Craissati (1998, p. 19) explicitly uses words such as "automatic thoughts", which via a "powerful mechanism", "determine" the behavior [of the client].
In the literature, the client appears as someone who does not take responsibility for his acts, someone who says 'I could do nothing about it, it happened by itself' - thus, as an automatically behaving being.
None of the fifteen clients who have told me the narrative of their treatments sees himself in that way. Each sees himself as a person with an inner life, with his own biography and able to act consciously, as a whole and as an individual. One may have made a mistake, but one keeps being more than an offender. They do not reduce themselves to offenders. They have felt sharply that they have been seen and approached in that reductionistic way.
Aims are important to direct human acting. After the act, one looks back to the aims to see if the act was successful.
The predominant aim is: prevention of recidivism. The therapists see this as a mandate from society and court. To prevent re-offending, one should modify the behavior and cognitions of the client, thus this is the first and dominant sub-aim.
Note that the aim is neither to cure nor to help the client: the aim is to adapt his behavior and his cognitions. Thus, the model is the cognitive-behavioral model, and the motto is: "No cure but control".
"Treatment in an ambulant forensic setting is predominantly targeted at the prevention of re-offending, thus at immediately changing the offense behavior."
(Deneer 2004, p. 174 and other pages)
"Helping offenders is not therapy for forensic patients, but forensic therapy for people who have committed irresponsible sexual behavior that have caused harm."
"Helping offenders is mandate-bounded therapy, and the mandate is to prevent recidivism."
(Walravens et alia 2006, pp 120 & 124)
We can put the aim in other words. The therapists see a client who, in their view, behaves automatically. They want to change the client in an acting being, who takes responsibility for his chosen ways of acting and his acts, a client who avoids the wrong acts and does the good ones.
A fine aim, of course. Let's now have a look at how the therapists work on this aim.
(3) The way of acting
A way of action is a repertory of possible ways of acting the actor can choose, and an advice.
Marked is that all clients are treated with the same methodology. This methodology, originating from the treatment of addicts, is used for violent offenders, exhibitionists, rape offenders and pedosexuals, including those who swear that the contacts were consensual, and including those who have not touched any child but have downloaded illegal pictures.
Are downloaders offenders? Yes: 'downloading is co-abuse, thus abuse, and it leads [automatically] to abusive behavior. Thus they are potential sex offenders, thus offenders. At any rate, they are viewed and approached as sex offenders.
This is different from what the Dutch psychiatrist Roelofs (1997) says. He makes a clear difference between types of clients, each with a different treatment methodology:
"Routine programs for all paraphilias do not exist, we have to make distinctions."
"A general integrative theory to explain all sexual delinquency is an illusion, because of the heterogeneity of the population."
"Categorical treatment of sexual offenders is a waste of money because of the heterogeneity."
The methodology concerned is a routine. We come across the next ways of acting.
The therapist creates conditions to join the treatment. Those who must join (by order of the judge or probation officer) or who wants to join (to placate the judge), are confronted with a difficult choice. The conditions may as it happens thoroughly intervene in the life of the client. One has to abandon any contact with any child, resign the sport club and avoid other pedophiles.
Therapist: "OK sir, you can join, but we confront you with the condition that your foster child goes away."
Client: "What? You are neither his parent nor his guardian! You have no authority! You are not a Juvenile Court Magistrate!"
Therapist: "Sir, we always put this condition. In cases of incest, we always remove the offender from the family. Our principle is: no potential offender and a potential victim under the same roof."
Client: "But in all those years, nothing sexual ever has happened and this will also not happen. I am surely not an incest offender."
Therapist: "Our expertise tells us that this might happen, and our principle is: absolute priority for prevention."
The relation between therapist and client is not helping, subservient and equal, but hierarchical, distance keeping and based on (enlargement and underlining of) the differences. One avoids each kind of nondirective therapy and is, without any hesitation, only, always and exclusively directive.
The vision is that this is necessary in the forensic field. One consciously creates "a creative uncomfortable feeling" ('t Hoof 2000) because otherwise the client will not change. The therapists know that the clients feel ill at ease and they do not want to change it; moreover, they stimulate it. They confront. One creates and beholds an "unbridgeable distance" and does not want to bridge this (Deneer 2004, p. 22). One postulates that "hostility (...) is inherent to the therapy situation" (Idem).
"The staff is always right. What the staff says, may not be discussed. Questions about their person or education are forbidden; in contrast, the staff may ask any question and may expect very personal answers."
One of the most uttered complaints of the clients is that "we are approached as toddlers".
"The way we are being treated completely becomes an insult to the intelligence, dignity and honor of our person.
They can talk to us as if we were babies, they can treat us like people who know nothing, as if we were all false and that we somehow can't know what is good for ourselves and others."
Primarily the therapy is given in a group with usually two leaders from the staff. Only sometimes there is an additional individual therapy. The groups are formed from the type of offense, thus from the offense behavior, not the type of human or problems.
In a group, the clients may support and understand one another. Clients can be models for one another and talk to one another. The therapists believe that this type of clients in an individual therapy will manipulate the therapist and will lie. In a group, they quickly recognize this and can talk about it.
Consequently, the most intimate matters must be told in a group. It is not permitted to tell outsiders about what is said in the group. It is also forbidden to have contact with the group members except during the group sessions. This is to prevent that the clients outside the group speak "pedophile-friendly" between them (Deneer 2004, p. 98). Thou shalt not speak pedophile-friendly.
Because of that ban on telling to outsiders about the group, the clients were quite reluctant to tell me about their treatment, although all of them told me that they simply ignore the ban on contacts among each other outside the group.
4. A workbook with questionnaires
This work book contains questionnaires and schemes which in the course of time, mostly at home, have to be filled out and then are discussed in the group.
This is the exact history of the offense itself and of all what, minute by minute, happened before. The aim is to show that there really have been moments and opportunities to make choices. One can no longer say that 'it happened to me'. There were choices, one is responsible and has to acknowledge one's responsibility.
Here we see that the therapists approach the clients not as behaving beings who automatically react to stimuli, but as acting beings who are able to make choices and who are responsible. Confusing is that they normally view and approach the client as a behavior automaton, but suddenly they take another approach. The latter approach is the better one, but why is the first one the main approach during the treatment process?
This is a more general pattern that might precede a possible relapse of the offense. The pattern describes situations, feelings, cognitions, fantasies and triggers or disinhibitors (alcohol, other drugs, fantasies, thoughts) which have resemblance with the delict scenario, thus which might lead to a relapse.
See: a recent version from Deneer 2004; &
an older version from Roelofs 1997.
One makes a difference between the causing factors: there are static factors, which you cannot change, such as the past, and dynamic factors, which you can change, such as thinking, feeling, doing or not doing. We do not read about motives or reasons, only about factors. Factors cause behavior. Here, the client is again the behaving being with his mechanisms that cause crime behavior.
Craissati 1998, p. 38
Hanson & Harris 1998)
Again, the therapists view and approach the client as an acting being, able to choose and to consciously break the chain and prevent relapse. Nevertheless, the concept offence chain presupposes that this chain, if not broken, automatically causes a relapse.
This reasoning is dubious. The traffic offense happened after the drink, but not every drink leads to a traffic offense. What happens before, is not necessarily a cause, let alone a mechanism. The kind of reasoning here is one of chance, and not every correlation may be seen as necessarily causal. One links the dependent variable (offense) directly and linearly with the independent variable (drink, fantasy). One selects on the dependent variable, the wrong cases, and does not consider the good cases. Not everyone who gives extra lessons will abuse children. Nevertheless, the therapists view giving extra lessons, football training or foster care as a great danger that one must avoid, thus one must avoid any contact with any child. Remarkably, in incest cases the fathers are often allowed or obligated to contact their children.
Therapist: "Thus, you have to stop any contact with children."
Client: "Why is that?"
Therapist: "Because of your crime."
Client: "But I haven't touched any child! I only have made photos!"
Therapist: "You keep being a potential offender."
Client: "But he, there [pointing to an incest father]? What he has done is worse! That is a real offense!"
Therapist: "Yes, but he is a father, and that kind of contact is a natural one. Your contacts were not. Thus you have to abandon them."
Client: "This is discrimination! Illegal and unconstitutional! An offense! I will report it!"
The therapists keeps silence and addresses another client.
In several papers, the client's sexuality is mapped out, as it has been and as it should become.
To whom are you attracted?
What do you fantasize?
How often do you masturbate?
Do you use sexuality to avoid or 'solve' problems?
Do you feel safe or unsafe in contacts and if you become attached to someone?
The workbook mentions a "safe attachment style" and an "unsafe attachment style". This wording is not correct; one refers to a style based on early experiences with attachment, which could be safe (enduring, stable, trustable) or unsafe (inconsistent, frail). The style itself is neither safe nor unsafe, the feeling with which one attaches oneself, or not, is neither safe nor unsafe.
(Ten Hag 2004, Ten Hag & Van Horn 2004 and the literature mentioned there)
The basic vision is that there exist healthy and unhealthy scripts. One supposes that the clients have unhealthy scripts, and one strives for the healthy ones. The scripts of the staff are not to be discussed; these are supposed to be healthy.
In a funnel, the walls come gradually nearer to each other. Just as on a slide, there comes a point of no return. The image of a funnel refers to contacts with children. At the top, one works, for example, at a school; lower in the funnel one gives extra lessons, one creates an intimate and special relationship. At the foot of the funnel there is sexual contact. (Deneer 2004, p. 108)
Sliding in the funnel is viewed as a more or less automatic process. Thus, the clients have to avoid any situation at the top, thus do not work at a school, do not give extra lessons, do not establish an intimate and special relationship, better avoid each contact with any child. Any contact might become intimate, and then, automatically, the offence chain will be started.
The literature usually describes a case in which things happened in that way. No one mentions that there are thousands of cases in which the course of events was different and good. The bad case isn't a law, there is no mechanism; the human being is not an machine.
During the course of the treatment process, the therapists give lots of personal orders. The clients must
'de-sexualize,
masturbate less,
stop specific fantasies,
avoid 'stimuli' -
(This is: don't look at children, neither in real life, neither in photos nor other images; thou shalt have not any contact with any child);
one must avoid and remove disinhibitors or triggers, thus
no children's photos on the wall
no OK Magazine,
no books written by Brongersma, Bernard or Sandfort (or articles written by Gieles),
no contact with pedophiles,
no alcohol,
no surfing the internet,
and you must
finish contacts with specific people and groups; and
the social network must thoroughly change.
"The leader can require pretty much whatever he wants. He can say where a person can and cannot work, where he can or cannot live and what his daily activities must be. He can even dictate who his significant other will and will not be. On one occasion I saw him break up a couple because the woman was 'enabling'. What this meant was that she did not believe that the person had done everything he was accused of."
A method to de-sexualize is the STOP method. Directly after any sexual thought or desire, one has to think of other things, preferably awful things - for example the smell of chlorine or ammonia, of which a small bottle is always at hand.
6a. Narrative coercion: the 'thinking errors'
Narrative coercion means that the one hinders the other to tell his own narrative and forces him to rewrite his personal narrative until it is just what the first one wants to hear. For therapists, this is strange, because exactly one's own personal narrative helps to develop identity, ability to act, and responsibility - aims a therapist wants to achieve.
However, the therapists in a sex offender treatment view the personal narratives of the clients as expressions of cognitive distortion, as we already saw in the diagnostic process (Gieles 2006). The therapists don't want to hear that narrative. They continuously correct the narrative using all their power, in a dogmatic or fanatic - thus irrational and ideological - way.
The order to rewrite one's personal narrative is a paradox, and not a therapeutic one. The therapists force the clients to tell everything and not to hide anything. The staff does not tell anything about themselves; it is even forbidden to ask such questions. But the staff does not want to hear specific thoughts of the clients. The client must tell his own personal narrative, but at the same time he is forbidden to tell the same, because the therapist does not want to hear it: it has to be re-written.
"We have to tell everything, and they want to know everything about us - this is a kind of inquisition, a mental dictatorship." ('t Hooft 2005)
The therapists are very alert to thinking errors.
This wording is not correct. It does not refer to errors in (logical) thinking, but to having the wrong thoughts, i.e. the thoughts of which the staff disapproves - and you know: the staff is always right and never makes thinking errors.
"The attention is continuously directed to the pointing to and the undermining of thinking errors." (Deneer 2004, p. 160)
The most important are
denying one's sexual desires,
denying one's own responsibility, and
denying or minimizing the harm caused
(Deneer 2004)
[The therapist frequently] "asks what deviant thoughts they've had over the previous week." (Bergner 2005)
[Therapist:] "Do you understand what a victim can feel?"
[Client:] "No. I can do nothing about it."
The group shouts: "Thiiiinking error!"
(Oostveen 1998)
The therapists train the group to detect and correct thinking errors. That's handy, a group doing the job. But the staff is always right and has always the last word.
"Wherever any discussion is going, they always manage to have the final word on everything, and get things their way, which becomes dogmatism, [...]
They will also call 'disinformation' everything that does not enter in their visions of things."
Client: "But I love children!"
Therapist: "You cannot love children, as long as you fancy them."
The staff is always right. The clients must speak about the offense - even if there was no offense.
"The mental 'forging' was surely there, and no matter how many times I would tell them that what happened wasn't what they 'want' to have happened, they would not derogate from saying I was the guilty one on everything, no matter what, and keep saying I didn't have any or much compassion for my 'victims'...
How can I get compassion when what they're saying is not what actually happened?"
Craisatie (1998, among others page 117) describes a client who, as a child, had frequented a group, which in the book was called 'a child pornography ring'. As a child, he never had seen this as being abuse. Contrarily, he said that he'd gotten a lot of love, comradeship and care, which he did not get at home.
Craisatie describes it as an example of successful treatment that his client ultimately abandoned his feeling of being loved and changed it into the feeling of being abused although this occurred only gradually and very late in the treatment process.
The personal narrative has been rewritten, thus the treatment is successful. Clearly, the staff did not accept the positive feeling of the man. Well, there we go, after about one year of narrative coercion, the man tells the narrative that the staff wants to hear: a negative feeling, after which the staff is pleased with the success of the treatment.
Ehrenreich (2004) describes a man who for nineteen years was held in a closed clinic. He denied his offense, thus refused to speak about it, thus he did not cooperate, thus year after year his stay was renewed.
Then, he changed tack: he 'acknowledged' his offense, he spoke about it, he did exactly what the therapists ordered, and said that he benefited from their treatment. This was the only way to be released. The man has been released.
Then it turned out that is accusers had lied about everything they had said, under high pressure of the police: there never had been an offense.
Another client told me:
"They always hammer on 'my child victim'. I had to write a letter to that 'victim', a letter that should not be posted. Then I ask: 'What victim? There is no victim!'
They do not know my case, not at all. They simply suppose that there are 'victims' - plural. They do not read my file at all. They only generalize about everybody.
They said they would read my case and speak about it later on, but now I had to write that letter. To whom? 'To my prospective victim', they said.
I said: "There is no prospective victim, there never will be any!"
But the therapist must have a victim and he said "I refer to the victim that you fantasize for yourself - after all, you have told us that you now and then have such fantasies'."
The client had fallen into the pitfall. If he wanted to ever be released, he must write his letter to 'the victim'.
These passages illustrate not only the narrative coercion, a crucial element in the method, but also several other topics.
First, the behaviorist vision on 'the human as an engine'
The therapists believe that fantasies nearly automatically will lead to (offense) behavior. This may last a fifteen years, but the offending behavior shall come - this in contrast with the recidivism rates. They also believe that this holds for every client - again in contrast with the low recidivism rates for treated offenders - apart from the dossier and the facts.
Clearly, a strong irrational belief in machine-like behavior chains dominates, in contrast to a strong irrational belief in machine-like behavior chains dominates, in contrast to the facts and the dossier, and surely apart from what the client says about his own acting. His narrative does not count, cannot be true, because it may not be true. The client only manipulates, they believe. Of course, the staff never manipulates, they believe.
Here we see that element (1) of the cycle of acting, the interpretation of the situation, dominates the other elements - in this case, it limits the way of acting. The interpretation chosen is in every way maintained, apart from the facts.
Are there no facts? No problem: they suppose them. After all, the clients routinely lie, that is their character, quite different from us - so they believe. Are there no facts? No problem: they shall come. They can wait for ten or fifteen year (but cf. the recidivism rates), because they always are right, of course. Their narrative is true, so they believe, the client's narrative may not exist at all.
This has a strange consequence. They want to educate the clients to acting people with responsibility for their acts. To reach this aim, the personal narrative about their own way of acting is crucial. Nevertheless, they approach and treat their clients as behavior engines. This kind of approach and treatment might change the behavior, but not the personality. If the behavior change is true, it is because the first thing the clients learn is to lie and to pretend.
Second, rethink the quote ...
... that 'the therapist [anyway] must have a victim' - and thus an offender, otherwise there would be no one and nothing to treat.
In my view, the client did not make any thinking error in this case. He keeps thinking clearly, in spite of the attack on his brains, his integrity, end more - see the other quotes.
In my view, the staff makes a thinking error.
The therapist must have a victim, he cannot work without one. In the quote here above: if not in the past, than in the future. After all, fantasies automatically shall lead to offending behavior.
Here again we see the behaviorist vision on the human, the human as an engine. This vision concerns not the therapists themselves, but only their clients, the offenders. Was there no offense? Well, in that case it shall come in the future.
Third, is this clinical methodology or ideology?
Therapist: "You cannot love children, as long as you fancies them."
The therapist's reaction is typical, said the client to me, because of its bluntness. Why didn't he ask the client what was meant by 'love'? What he feels and thinks about that feeling? Which associations come into his mind? How he thinks to act, or not to act, on this feeling?
There are a lot of forms of love: eros, agapè, philia. Even the Pope makes this differentiation and speaks with nuance about this subject. The client told me that he would explain love as platonic, but after the blunt reaction of the therapist he kept silence. Speaking hadn't any sense. The 'therapy' only will lead to no love, not even platonic, not any contact with any child.
In my view, this is neither therapy, nor helping, but ideology.
If someone fancies women or men, would one not be able to love them? It seems me here that also the therapist becomes alienated from himself.
Or are children essentially other beings?
Or are people with pedophilic feelings then essentially other beings?
Or do we only hear here the moralist, who only wants to tell what is forbidden?
Does this moralist want to show a holier-than-thou attitude?
Or is he simply blunt or blinded by his own ideology?
Confounding love and sex, to which the therapist may have referred, is more or less a standard mistake in our society. Not only do lots of youngsters confound love and sex, also lots of adults do. (Hamaker 2005)
This was an intermezzo. We return to element (3), the way of acting, particularly to the crucial point:
What has the client said about this topic?
"Respect for anyone's beliefs is one of the most important human rights, and one of the most unrespected ones when it comes to this kind of treatment.
This disrespect is often expressed verbally throughout the treatment by therapists, [...] often expressed subtly, or literally by saying [...]: 'inadequate thoughts or beliefs', or 'deviant thoughts or beliefs'."
Here we see the cognitive distortion we have read about in the literature.
"They say we might only want to see "our" side of things, when they are the ones who do this enormously."
"As long as I speak about 'my young friend', I will not be released. I only may say 'my victim'. If I don't say this, I do not cooperate with the treatment."
"I told them that I love children, but they said I made a thinking error. Whoever falls in love with children, cannot love them. That is their opinion, and there is no discussion about it."
"I had written in one of the questionnaires that I think of children as 'beautiful little angels'. They said that this is not true, it is a thinking error to romanticize children, which is not allowed.
The communication went on with:
Therapist: "You cannot commit an offense with an angel, may I suppose?
Client: "I do not at all want to commit any offense!"
Therapist: "You do want that. That's why you are here."
"I said that sexual contact is not always inherently harmful, and that research had proven this. They didn't want to hear this anyway and they said that I was playing down my offense, which is absolutely forbidden. By wanting to discuss this topic, I disturbed the treatment process. They said that this could lead to ending the therapy."
"The session begins with everybody 'checking in'. We have to say whether we had any contact with minors or with the police during the week. We also need to announce any changes in our lives or anything else that might be of concern. Some of the members actually try to share something real about their lives, as they are very lonely. They don't seem to understand that this group is not about their well-being. People cannot talk about any suicidal ideation in the group. No effort is ever made to understand anyone. Once when I was critical on a couple of points about how society was treating the issue of the 'pedophile', I was called aside by the leader and told not to be negative in the group. It set a bad example for the others."
"Even those in the group who can barely read soon figure out what the right answers are. Also they understand that when we speak of these things we use the proper terms such as 'abuse' and 'my victim'.
[* This undermines more or less the fine results mentioned by the SOT Report, mostly concluded from questionnaires.]
If a person fails to use this language or even hints at the idea that the 'victim' might have been a more than willing partner, he is called to task for this."
"The underlying assumptions are that the abuser is a highly manipulative and self-centered person who is incapable of empathy and who is suffering from a variety of 'thinking errors'. Thinking errors are not too hard to spot. Anything that is at variance with what the leader thinks is a 'thinking error'. Overall, the assumption is the offenders are all sociopaths. The leader is quite open about this. He tells the group that one of his aims is to make the offenders less sociopathic."
"If your beliefs differ from what they're saying they will say that you minimize and/or banalize the facts..."
The therapists do not only break into the client's thinking, but also into his fantasizing. They believe that fantasies precede an offense. In the behavioral model, one views this as a causal relation in a mechanical and automatic way: the fantasy causes the offense. Thus the client can or shall relapse, and the fantasies are the predictors of relapse. Thus, to prevent relapse, the therapists combat specific fantasies; they want to normalize them. So, they continuously ask the clients if they have masturbated and what were the fantasies. Then they judge: wrong, and they press the point of inhibiting one's fantasies.
Endless repeated is the threat to end the treatment because a client does not cooperate enough. For the client, this may have drastic consequences, because he than breaks the conditions of the probation officer, and thus those of the court. The treatment center mentions this to the probation officer, who in turn tells it to the prosecutor, who will demand that the suspended sentence has to be executed, or that a closed clinic will be the next place. The choice is between cooperation or landing behind bars. A heavy form of coercion, fully used - speaking about power misbalance and coercion...
"Any family gathering he attends must be adults only; he has to leave right away if kids show up." (Bergner 2005)
Roy was on the beach with his wife. In the far distance there appeared children. Roy became panicked and took flight, away from his wife and the beach. He ran so fast that he injured himself on a fence.
(Summarized from Bergner 2005)
Roy, the client, and his wife had not told their parents-in-law about his crime, and Roy had not told this [the not telling of it] clearly enough to his therapist. Immediately, all acquired privileges were withdrawn, among which were visiting his in-laws, and Roy was moved to a more severe group for more dangerous clients.
"The constant threat of prison [...] keeps us from being able to [...] express ourselves because of the extreme fear [...] which generates all kinds of false affirmations regarding the patient [...] which can turn out to be, again, totally false since we weren't able to express ourselves freely at all because of this fear, and this at all times. [...] So if you don't talk 'like them', [...] the consequences can be devastating."
"Some of the high points [of a contract, to be signed at the start] are that
we cannot have any contact with an 'untreated' sex offender;
we cannot talk with the newspaper about the group;
we must avoid all contact with all people under 18;
we agree to be evaluated to see whether we have a 'deviant arousal disorder';
we must report even the most trivial accidental contact with children (say one opens the door for us as we enter a store);
we cannot have any pornographic material;
we must not have any pictures at all of children unless they have been approved by the leader;
we will always be honest; and
we will neither date nor associate with anyone with a drug or alcohol problem.
Before each weekend, the clients have to tell their plans, and after the weekend the have to report about the weekend. Don't plan a swimming pool or anything like that, but also do not visit anyone with similar feelings.
"Hi Frans, you are my aunt now for a while. I am not allowed to visit you, thus I made up an aunt. You double up with laughter, so many aunts and grandmothers there are made up there."
The Monday morning report has to answer questions like
Did one masturbate?
What were the fantasies?
A routine question is: have there been stimuli during the weekend?
(Read 'stimuli' as 'seeing children')
How did one deal with the triggers and disinhibitors?
It is a severe interrogation. Whoever is not open enough, or does not cooperate, ... etc.
Staff members visit the clients at their home and they attend to what is on the walls and on the book and video shelves.
One of the clients had, upon being suddenly released from his detention, found a temporary stay in the house of a mother, who also was a foster mother and a grandmother. Thus, photos of children and grandchildren were on the wall. The staff judged that this was a too heavy stimulus for the client. Thus, they ordered him to leave that house as quickly as possible.
Is this therapy: sending back a person into loneliness and isolation, which exactly had been the grounds of the offense (downloading illegal pictures)? Or is this narrowness of vision, ideology?
A client used to visit a family with children. He was befriended by the mother. The staff of the clinic traveled to the family and told the parents that they were no longer allowed to admit the man in their house.
The mother: "But you are not the guardian here! The children are mine, I am the mother, I have the parental authority! You may be an expert, but you are not a Juvenile Court Magistrate!"
The therapist: "Madam, you will quickly lose that authority. If you still admit this man in your family, we report you to the Children's Protection Counsel and the Child Abuse Office. You are endangering your children, which is punishable. The court will condemn you and the Juvenile Court Magistrate, which indeed I am not, will take your children away."
The latter is, knowing the Dutch jurisdiction, all a lot of swank. But did the mother know this? She was impressed and out of balance - good for the children, isn't it? Someone was here using coercion and manipulating: the therapist himself.
Another kind of coercion and control is the endless repetition of orders and bans. In a community setting, the therapist cannot have a 24-hour control of the clients. The solution is the endless repetition of the orders and the bans.
A remark
In the literature and usage, one speaks of "psychotherapy" and "the therapists". But the vision, attitude, aims and ways of acting, described above, are quite the antithesis of what we may call "therapy". In the ways of acting, we see not any attention for the client's psyche, only his cognitions and behavior.
Please, call things what they are. This is not psychotherapy. Call it what it is: behavior modification by use of power, especially Narrative coercion as method of behavior modification. By the way, 'influencing behavior by use of power' is exactly what the clients are accused of doing.
In some cases, lust inhibiting medicines or anti-depressants are given. The latter have a near-term effect of inhibiting lust and obsession. In some cases, taking these medicines was set as a precondition for treatment, even without having seen, let alone having examined the patient. But still taking the medicines is mostly voluntary, and there are people who have said to benefit from them. Politicians in the Netherlands propose to demand that these medicines be taken by every moral offender as a condition for release.
The lie-detector
This engine is notoriously untrustworthy - it lies, to say so. Nevertheless, in the Netherlands experiments are going on to use the engine.
The plethysmography
This is a machine that measures the swelling of the penis by seeing specific pictures.
Now, we will have a look at the outcome and the way it is interpreted.
By describing the ways of acting, the narrative about the action is still not complete and the methodology is still not completely described. There will follow another four elements.
After acting in a certain way to reach certain aims, the actor observes the result: has something changed? Is this an improvement? What does the actor observe and how does he interpret it? The answers to these questions will lead to the coming actions. 'Oh! The potatoes are a porridge now! Next time I will cook shorter and with less water.'
The sex offender therapist primarily wants to prevent recidivism, thus this is what they want to observe. We may ascertain that the recidivism rates of treated sex offenders are quite low. Thus, the sex offender treatment does its work - as do other methodologies, which seem to have slightly more recidivism. But the differences are viewed as great enough to, since the 80's, reject individual therapy and choose the cognitive-behavioral model.
This article concerns the treatment method, not the recidivism rates. Thus, I give some links and only one recent (translated) quote.
< http://www.tegenwicht.org/33_politiek/bronnen_recidive.htm >,
(It starts with Dutch, but also with some quite clear statistics. Scroll to below and see the last two articles of the page in English),
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/hanson_98_frame.htm > en
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/about_recidivism.htm >,
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/alexander.htm >,
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/kokish.htm >,
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/rearrest.htm >,
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/robinson_treatment.htm >,
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/alaska.htm >,
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/programmes_work.htm >, and
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/sot/rubin_berlin.htm >.
"Young group rapists do not relapse after policlinic treatment, research at the Free University of Amsterdam concluded. Those who got no therapy, relapsed in 12% of the cases. Solo rapists relapsed for 10%. If the latter have had therapy, it is 5%." (Kamerman 2005)
Observing and interpreting these kinds of outcomes are only possible after recidivism research, thus only after some years and covering a correct, large enough, sample. On short notice, the therapists work with repeat of the questionnaires (do the clients masturbate less?) and the final presentations of the clients, in which they present their offense chain and tell how they avoid stimuli and triggers, as well as how their cognitions have been changed. One by one fine presentations - but are they true?
At the present time, the therapists look at the clients' lifestyles. To follow them, there are after-care groups. Does the client have a job, housing, income, activities? Particularly: does he avoid stimuli (read: children) and triggers (TV, film, book, pictures, alcohol, drugs, specific contacts)?
Element (3), the way of acting, was the way the therapists worked. Now, describing element (4), the outcome and its interpretation, the clients also have to have a voice in the choir.
Roughly speaking, the clients who told me their narratives said that they had not been changed not a single iota. They reported that the outcome of the way the therapists acted was that they had learned to pretend. This, they said, is the only way to end the treatment, to be released, and to be freed from the pestering. Thus, they said to have leaned to simulate, to play the game, and simply to lie.
"'If we talked in there about what was really going through our minds, we'd all be wearing ankle bracelets.'' (Bergner 2005)
Supposing this outcome, some clinics work with lie-detectors. Thus, the therapists combat the lies that the same therapists have triggered. In the USA and Canada, this is already routine. These detectors are well-known as not being reliable; the lie-detector can lie. But it is a disaster for the clients if a lie is detected.
"At least once a year (sometimes more often, if the leader wants it that way) you have to take a lie detector test (a polygraph). You also pay for this. It costs about $300 per time. Actually the lie detector is an instrument of intimidation that is used as a part of an interrogation. And it frequently does have real legal consequences."
Does the outcome of the 'therapy' show us improvement, solution of problems? The clients to whom I have spoken said no.
In at least one of the cases, known by me, there was clearly an obsession; in another case a very clear, heavy and repeating depression. In a half year of treatment, not any attention has been given to these problems. These clients were as obsessive and depressive at the end, as they were at the start of the treatment - Hmm.. 'treatment'? 'therapy'? 'helping?' Very clearly not in these cases.
This is the outcome of a way of acting in which no attention is given to the psyche, and attention only to the cognitions and the behavior.
What is my interpretation of this outcome?
It was not psychotherapy, no therapy at all. It was behavior modification by narrative coercion and other kinds of compulsion. No cure but control.
After observing and interpreting the outcome, the act itself is completed, but still not the narrative about the act. Something that still has to be told keeps hanging: a feeling afterwards, which is somewhere between pleasant and tedious, but also a feeling about the correctness of the act, thus an ethical reverberation. Another aspect of the feeling afterwards is the answer to questions such as 'Was the act suited to me? Was it authentic? Was it my act? Or did I only follow others?'
Initially, these feelings are vague. They are known by helpers as 'the feeling you take home'. Gradually, the feeling will become clearer. It may keep hanging for a long time. One feels the wish to speak about it to the team. Not speaking about it can hinder progress, expressing the feeling can clear the air for the whole team. Speaking about the feeling afterwards helps to develop methodology. It is an important element for the description and development of a methodology.
However, I cannot describe the element from the view of the therapists, because nobody has written or spoken about it. Are they content? Do they feel uneasy or doubtful? Do they feel true to themselves, or do they feel a kind of alienation? We don't know. The only feeling that the literature suggests, is that they experience their work as difficult, but also feel some pride and a confirmation of their own expertise.
The clients tell us quite more. Their feelings afterwards are for the most part negative to very negative. In one case so negative that the client was barely able to speak about it and give more than a rough description. "Too terrible for words", was said; one could not find the words and preferred to avoid recalling the feelings.
"All of the group members look awful. All are depressed. At least one hallucinates a lot. All except one find the group depressing. I am fairly sure that they have all considered suicide. Any of them that I have talked with think about it a fair bit."
"Someone expressed that whenever he was seeing the road he used to take to get to that treatment place, he still gets violent flashes of what he went through there, and feels like taking another route to get where he's going, when possible.
He also often gets these violent flashes at any time, horrible memories being triggered by any random everyday life events here and there, which can cause discouragements and insecurities, to name just a few.
This is called trauma."
"The consequences afterwards? I have listed them: →
"I could constantly hear welling up in my brain the words, 'Sex is wrong. Love is wrong.' I was intensely angry because these people had knowingly and intentionally sought to destroy my capacity to live and function."
(Leonard 2005)
"There are eight teenage boys and two therapists, and all the rest of us are parents and grandparents. We are bewildered, we are depressed and we are all consigned to this room for months. I am sick for hours beforehand and a day or more afterwards, unable to sleep in peace, to eat, to hold a casual conversation.
These boys, including my son, are sex offenders. We, as their parents, are complicit in crimes hard to explain or define. Recently I asked my 14-year-old son what he's learned from the painful events of the last year, and he said, "I've learned sex is bad. I don't want to think about it anymore."
I believe the cure has been much worse than the disease.
Each of the boys in our therapy program must 'disclose', again and again, to all of us. Public confession is believed to be more than a good -- it's considered necessary to healing, a sign of responsibility, the willingness to take responsibility for one's crimes upon oneself.
always have watery eyes
to withdraw into oneself
anger when the person "wakes up" afterwards
feeling inferior to others
feel ugly and unworthy
feel crushed
scared of people
no more self-confidence
feeling of being had
feeling of oneself not having being respected for his beliefs
feeling of not being able to express oneself enough
discrimination."
He's learning about 'ownership' and 'restitution' and 'errors of thought'.
I don't believe that it is his fault that the system is so cruel, the therapy so shallow, the philosophy so unintelligent."
(A mother's story)
As an external coach, I was present at the final presentation of a client. Once out of the clinic, he said: "So, at long last this half year of pretending has come to an end!" Now, I will become myself again, the person I always have been and will be."
At the end of the therapy, a client got the advice to enter [real] psychotherapy. I too advised this to him. The client: "Oh no! I am being had with therapy! Never more!"
In this case, the method of the 'therapy' has effectively prevented entering real psychotherapy.
In this element of the cycle of acting, not only the observing of the feeling afterwards is important, but also the interpretation of that feeling. This interpretation will influence the future ways of acting.
The therapists surely know that the feeling afterwards of their clients is very negative. Knowing this, they do not say: 'Oh, that's a pity. We have to review our methodology." No, they say that it is good so. The negative feelings are consciously and purposefully evoked, otherwise the clients would not have been changed. They gladly make a comparison with the dentist.
Acting evokes insights, ideas for future action: 'Too early sowing maize does not result in a better crop'. Especially by developing methodology, the insights have the form of questions: 'Or might I have sowed in too dry ground?'
The ideas of the therapists are written in the literature.
"For all types of offenders it is true that sex offender treatment cannot offer cure. We only try to prevent recidivism. It is pure behavior therapy."
(Frenken & van der Zalm 1996)
Clearly, there is knowledge about the negative feelings afterwards of the clients. However, these are necessary and unavoidable, painful but needed and ultimately beneficial.
In my view, the necessity and the benefit has to be proved. We might see that cognition and behavior have been changed, but if depression and obsession still exist, if the inner has not been changed, what is the benefit of this method?
What is absent in the literature, are new insights. Yes, sometimes there are, but always within the same model. The model as such is never discussed. Thus, it does not raise any questions. The literature is much the same; there is no development. One refines the model, but does not develop the model itself. Worldwide the model is simply seen as a reality that is as it is.
The methodology of the SOTP Report (1996) does not differ much from the more recent literature and the experiences of the clients nowadays.
In Gieles 1997, I write:
"For the staff, a certain kind of personal quality is needed, not a specific academic or professional degree. This staff has to work 'in a consequent way', that is: following precisely the prescribed method. Thus, staff will work on a non-personal level, whilst the offenders are seen as 'persons with the wrong behavior, thinking, feeling and fantasy', this in a non-personal way too. Only in the talking about the offense circle, one works on the individual level; however, staff keeps seeing the client as 'the offender'. His behavior is seen as deviant and leading to an offense, thus wrong and anti-social, whilst the staff keeps seeing themselves as normal and social. Staff keeps being on the level of the behavior. There is not a word about individual (or group-) psychotherapy.
It is simply treatment, not therapy. The treatment is based on a very simplistic way of thinking that equates political correctness with being right and political incorrectness with being wrong."
The clients told me that they are not allowed to ask the staff members what their education is. One does not need academic staff members, but docile ones.
Whoever has an academic degree, will supposedly tell this. This evokes the assumption that the staff members, in the literature called psychotherapists, factually are not psychologists at all and thus not allowed to practice psychotherapy.
Might it be possible to improve the way of acting, the methodology? This question leads us to the seventh and last element of the cycle of action that concerns the improvement of the way of acting.
This element completes the course of action and the narrative about it, it creates room for the next action. 'I will buy a book about sowing maize', says the farmer, or 'I will go and talk to my neighbor farmers' - and than he can go to sleep, the narrative has been told.
What do the sex offender therapists tell us about this element? Regrettably nothing. They want to refine the method within the chosen model, but not to discuss the model itself.
Also the clients keep silence concerning this element. They say no more than 'Let them listen to us!', 'Let them respect us as humans!', or 'Let them read: Brongersma, Sandfort, Bernard, ... Gieles!' And than they keep silence and end the interview or the letter.
Where therapists and clients keep silence, the investigator may speak. What the literature, the therapists and their clients have told us, is in summary put in an overview, the course of action, a scheme with two columns - to which a third column is added.
The investigator has also completed an act: he has described a methodology. Also he has a vision, etceteras, a feeling afterwards, insights and questions, and maybe also ideas about improving the methodology described. In this chapter no therapists or clients are speaking. Now the investigator in his turn speaks - and critically.
The act of critically speaking about a methodology follows the same course of action as the act of describing the methodology: following the seven elements of the course of action. I will be short and sharp and will raise questions, ending with element (7): how can we improve a methodology?
(1) Observing an interpretation of the situation
The way the therapists and the literature view their clients is markedly reductionistic and one-sided.
"The uncritical enthusiasm for a single model of intervention - currently the cognitive-behavioral approach but formerly both psychodynamic and family systems models were popular - may lead to overoptimistic expectations, outright failures, therapeutic hopelessness and an inefficient use of scarce resources."
(Craissati 1998, p. 11)
In her chapter two and from page 72, she explicitly combines the psychoanalytic model with the method described here.
The offense dominates the whole methodology. Is it really true that someone only by committing, say, a severe traffic offense with serious consequences, suddenly changes into a complete other kind of human being? Is one within some seconds suddenly so different, and only an offender?
The vision described here is quite contrary to all that has ever been written about the therapeutic way of seeing or 'the clinical eye'. Is forensic psychiatry, psychology and orthopedagogy so essentially different from the 'normal' sciences? May the juridical scope here dominate over the clinical scope? I say: no.
I am a PhD in the forensic orthopedagogy. Is a troublesome teen who has committed an offense so essentially different from a teen who, juridically speaking, not has committed an offense? I say: no. The difference is juridically important, but not clinically. A clinician may not let himself be led astray to juridical thinking and acting. He has to act as a clinician, not as a jurist, detective, prosecutor, judge or prison officer.
Is a man who intensively and personally goes about with children, a teacher or a father, who has committed an offense so essentially different from such a man who has not committed an offense? I say: no. The difference is juridically important, but not clinically. A clinician may not let himself be led astray to juridical thinking and acting. He has to act as a clinician, not as a jurist, detective, prosecutor, judge or prison officer.
His vision must be that of the clinician, the helper.
"I like it to show that I do have respect for them, in spite of the offense. After all, they are normal people who have made a mistake."
(Josita van de Put, therapist, in Schoon 2004)
Trying to prevent recidivism is a noble aim. However, should this be the so heavily dominating or the heavily dominant aim? Shouldn't aims such as curing obsession or depression or helping to mentally grow as a person be equally noble and meaningful?
The usual way of acting nowadays boils down to an enormous (ab)use of power and coercion within a very limited vision and very limited aims. In no way can I recognize this as 'psychotherapy', although one uses this word. What I have described above makes my hair stand on end. It is far too much use of narrative and other forms of coercion, it is manipulation - just for what the patients are blamed. It is grooming into the politically correct model in which the therapist feels comfortably nestled.
This model gives the therapist every opportunity for projection: It would be the client who (ab)uses power, who makes thinking errors, who grooms, who has to be corrected, who must be open, whose actions - not: behavior - have to be criticized; not the therapist of course.
Yet, dear therapists, there are reasons for criticism. Take a look at the outcome of your way of actions.
(4) The outcome and the interpretation of it
Here above is written that the clients primarily learn to pretend and that the obsession and depression keep going on. The clients are 'not changed, not in the slightest'. How can anyone interpret this outcome as "OK" instead of as a reason to start a process of thorough self-criticism? Am I allowed to choose the latter interpretation?
Here, the therapists completely fail to turn up. They keep silence and only express some pride about their 'expertise'. The clients did not fail to turn up, in spite of all the severe bans imposed on them. They have spoken - see above, from "we learn here to pretend" to "too awful for words". Still they have found words, words that might make the therapist think. What hinders them from being self-critical?
(6) The insights
Here above, I have written that the therapists only want to refine their ways of acting, but only within the chosen model. However, in my view this model is too limited, and the ways of acting within this model are in my view far from psychotherapeutic, even not therapeutic at all, moreover, inhuman and ethically very debatable. What I see, is not psychotherapy, no therapy, but ideology, a closed system of ideas in which one has a strong belief and not any doubt.
My insight is that the therapists their ideas nicht im Frage stellen, only within their methodology, model and vision, but refuse to view self-critically their model and vision itself. The latter is not characteristic of a methodology, but of an ideology. A methodology develops itself, an ideology asks only for believers and does not allow criticism.
(7) Insights about the improvement of the ways of action and the methodology
My insights can be described in the same seven elements of the course of action, be it now on a more abstract level, on a meta level.
(1) Review the basic vision. View the clients as fellow human beings, not as aliens, try to understand them. Have more respect for the clients. View also the client as an acting human being. Do not generalize them, but make a differentiation. Have an eye for the human being, not only for the offense.
Howitt makes a differentiation by giving seven models to explain and understand pedophilia, each model with its own way of treatment. There is more under the sun than the cognitive-behavioral model.
(Howitt 1995; the models are explained in Gieles 2001b, What has got into those people?, chapter Models, ways of thinking; for a quick view, see the scheme Models of explanation in Gieles, lecture 2005.)
(2) Don't focus so heavily on prevention that this aim is so dominant. Choase a;so as aims helping, therapy, psychotherapy, development of the person. Do not choose 'behavior modification' as the aim, but 'development of acting'.
(3) Review the use of power and coercion within the way of acting. Listen to the clients without judging. Change the way of acting so that simulating, pretending and lying no longer are needed. Stop the narrative coercion. Take and respect the own personal narrative as the starting point for development of the identity, the personality and the ways of acting. (Oosterwijk 2005)
Add methods of helping and real therapy to your repertoire. Be attend to the psyche, not only to the behavior. Use methods to combat obsession and depression.
(4) Observe not only recidivism and behavior. Have a look to the development of the inner psyche.
(5) Be conscious of your own feelings afterwards, write them down, tell about them, speak and think about them. Be open for feelings such as doubt and alienation. Abandon that pride and become self-critical. Do not ask for obedient therapists, but for well-educated and critically thinking staff members.
(6) Choose a broader theoretical basis and framework than the cognitive behavioral model. There is more under the sun.
((7) Start a process of development of the methodology by describing one's own ways of action (along the seven elements) and start a debate with one another and with outsiders. Be open for criticism and change.
Nobody knows what is happening within the walls of the sex offender treatment clinics. Now and then we get a glimpse, and that's it. The clients are not allowed to speak. Nevertheless, they have spoken. The staff keeps silence. Oh yes, they write fine literature about 'the safe climate in the groups' and about 'the understanding psychotherapists', but none of the clients who have spoken here above have experienced any safety or understanding - their narrative was the contrary. There was not even any attempt at understanding, so they reported: No effort is ever made to understand anyone."
By doing so, the methodology of these clinics cannot be corrected.
Within our family, we spoke of "the priest syndrome". This referred to the fact that priests (my brothers) never are corrected by lack of a partner and teen children, and critical parishioners. By that, they developed one-sidedly into quite atypical personalities.
The same has happened with the methodology of those clinics: they are not critically observed and are never corrected. In the literature, I sense a certain pride - which I view as narcissistic, namely coming from isolation, a closed ivory tower, in which the so-called experts believe in their own expertise.
The clients have absolutely other ideas. Having spoken to them, I do, too.
There is a modern word for this syndrome, coming from how police and prosecutors, and even courts, work - all of whom have no critics or are not open to it: tunnel vision. Tunnel vision is characteristic of people with narcissism-like syndromes. They live in an ivory tower, with their self-believed expertise.
"Professional, very professional", said a heavily criticized Dutch professor about himself and his way of acting (Van Dongen & Meerhof 2005). In that case, he was quite wrong with his suspicion that an eleven year old boy might have committed a murder - and thus was approached as the suspect and too harshly interrogated.
The clients feel themselves harshly approached and badly treated. The therapists know this, but they are not impressed by this knowledge. It is part of their therapy, their way of acting, their view; they consciously create distance and "a creative uncomfortable feeling". Otherwise, the clients will not change their behavior. Cure is not an aim: No cure but control. Formally, this control should be control from within, but factually it is only control from without.
... it must set us thinking that the clients leave the clinic with the same preference, obsession or depression with which they entered the clinic. Their cognitions and behavior might have been slightly changed - if this is true and not simulated, but their inner self, their psyche has not been changed, neither grown nor developed. To the inner self or psyche, no attention at all is given, which after all should be the kernel of any psychotherapy.
It is not psychotherapy, it is treatment - read: behavior modification - with undesired, non-therapeutic results.
The emphasis on the differences between therapists and clients, the explicit creating of distance, and especially the unlimited use of narrative and other coercion has a shadow side, it bears a danger: seeming contact, pretended adaptation, failing to see what is in front of one's eyes, projection and counter-transference. The temptation is great to project one's own shadow side onto the clients, and there is no correction just as in the case of the priest-syndrome. Power creates corruption, we know. The therapists have unlimited power and no correction or control. In my view, this is no reason to be proud, it is a reason to be self-critical.
The clinics should start processes of developing methodology. This starts with looking critically at oneself and with listening to clients and outsiders - and thus with being more open.
Such a self-investigation may start with a critical look to the vision on the clients. In the actual methodology, one only has an eye for the offense and one focuses on 'behavior'. By doing so, one does not see the human and his psyche. In my view, a fundamental revision of the methodology, starting with element (1), the interpretation of the situation, is absolutely necessary.
One should start with the vision of the human, thus on a philosophical level. Then, review the aims and the ways of working, which might be done on the level of psychology and psychiatry in the broadest sense, thus not only on the level of cognitive-behavioral psychology. Look around: there is so much more under the sun.
For convenience of English speaking readers, the Dutch sources are given as indented lines.
A mother's story; A mother discovers that the legal system's nightmarish "cure" for child sexual abuse can be worse than the disease; SOHopeful Forum, Posted March 02, 2005; written Feb. 28, 1997
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/mother.htm >
Anderson, James D., How To Survive in Prison as an Innocent Man Convicted of a Sex Crime; Sex Offender Treatment; ITP 1997 # 9
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/anderson_survive_itp.htm >
Ayadi, Malika el, Kind wil niks, een kind wil niks, een kind wil niks, een kin...; Pedoseksualiteit, Trouw 7 maart 2000
Baskins, Jay, Quiet, Solitude and the Telling of One's Own Story; 2003
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/quiet.htm >
Bergner, Daniel, The Making of a Molester; The New York Times Magazine, January 23, 2005,
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/making_molester.htm >
Bruinsma, F., Behandeling verstandelijk zwakbegaafde zedendelinquenten; Tijdschrift voor Orthopedagogiek # 35, 1996
Craissati, Jackie, Child Sexual Abusers; a community treatment approach; Psychology Press Ltd, 1998
Deneer, Birgit (red/), Gevaarlijke groepen; groepsbehandeling in de ambulante forensische psychiatrie; Hoputen 2004
Dings, Matt, Koepelsessies; HP - De Tijd 19 december 2003
Dongen, Menno van & Meerhof, Ron, 'Ik geef een deskundig oordeel, zeer deskundig'; De Volkskrant 26 september 2005
Ehrenreich, Ben, Predator or Prey? LA Weekly, August 20 - 26, 2004
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/predator.htm >
Elst, Annette van der, We moeten tbs'ers niet langer ontmenselijken; Filosofie Magazine juli 2004
Ferroul, Yves, Sexual perversion does not exist; Summary of a lecture at 15th World Congress of Sexology, Paris, June 2001
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/ferroul_en.htm >
Finkelhor, D. and Araji, S. (1986). Explanations of Pedophilia: A Four Factor Model. The Journal of Sex Research. 22(2), 145-159.
Fog, Agner, Ph.D, Paraphilias and Therapy, in: Nordisk Sexologi, vol. 10, no. 4, 1992, pp. 236-242
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/fog_eng.htm >
Frederiksen, Arne, Pedophilia, Science, and Self-deception, A Criticism of Sex Abuse Research
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/fredriksen_frame.htm >
Gerrits, Jan, Libidoremmende medicatie; ervaringen in de SDr. Henri van der Hoeven Kliniek; voordracht, 26 november 2002
Gieles, Frans E.J., Conflict and Contact; An investigation into various possibilities for action open to child care workers when managing collisions and conflicts in daily life. Dissertation by Frans E.J. Gieles. University of Groningen, The Netherlands, 1992.
Summary on
< http://www.human-being.nl/Library/cc_summary.htm >
Gieles, Frans E.J., (2001a) Helping people with pedophilic feelings; Lecture at the 15th World Congress of Sexology, Paris, June 2001 & the congress of the Nordic Association of Clinical Sexology, Visby, Sweden, September 2001 - with lot of literature:
< http://www.helping-people.info/ >
Gieles, Frans E.J., (2001b) What has got into those people?
< http://www.human-being.nl/Library/what.htm >;
The models: Models, ways of thinking
< http://www.human-being.nl/Library/what/what_2.htm >.
Gieles, Frans E. J., The Treatment of Imprisoned Sex Offenders; A summary and an analysis, 1997 - Program, development, from HM Prison Service (SOTP Report, February 1996) [Sexual Offenders Treatment Program]
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/sot/sotp_summ.htm >
Gieles, Frans E.J., There must be a scapegoat; Pitfalls, traps and mistakes in forensic personality investigation; 2006
< http://www.helping-people.info/scapegoat.htm >
Gieles, Frans E. J., Lecture about 'pedophilia'; University of Nijmegen, November 10, 2005, and of Tilburg, November 14, 2005 (Dutch); Amsterdam, School for International Training, (English) March 28, 2006
< http://www.human-being.nl/Library/lect/text.htm >
Hag, B. ten, Relaties en seksualiteit; handboek voor therapeuten; Forum Educatief 2004
Hag, B. ten & Horn, Joan van, Problemen met intimiteit en seksualiteit bij zedendelinquenten; Directieve Therapie 24-4, december 2004
Hamaker, Machteld, Jongeren en geluk: liefde als merkproduct; Prana 151, oktober 2005
(Een excellent artikel, geschreven door een tiener.)
Hanson, Karl R., & Harris, Andrew, Dynamic Predictors Of Sexual Recidivism, 1998-1, Corrections Research, Department of the Solicitor General Canada
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/hanson_dyn_frame.htm >
Hooft, Lisette 't, Ik blijf voor altijd een dader''; Dadertherapie; VN, 14 oktober 2000.
Hooft, Lisette 't, Zeg ik het of zeg ik het niet? Moet elk geheim wel worden onthuld? Ode, maart 2005
Howitt, Dennis, Paedophiles and Sexual Offences against Children; Loughborough University, UK; John Wiley & Sons [Out of sale] 1995
< http://www.ipce.info/host/howitt/index.htm >
Two sections of Chapter 7 of Paedophiles and Sexual Offences against Children: Introduction to Chapter 7 (pp 189 - 192) and Support Therapies (pp 215 - 218)
Kamerman, Sheila, 'Ik wist toen nog niet dat het verkeerd was', jonge verkrachters moeten zich verplaatsen in slachtoffe5r; NRC 29 november 2005
Leonard, Geoffrey, Cognitive Therapy, 30th April 2005
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/cognitive_therapy.htm >
Naerssen, Alex van, Man-Boy Lovers: Assessment, Counseling, and Psychotherapy , Journal of Homosexuality 20, 1/2, 1990
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/van_Naerssen_91.htm >.
Oosterwijk, Meike, Meester van het vert5rouwen; Filosofie Magazine juni 2005 (Over Paul Ricoeur)
Oostveen, Margriet, Is het weer niet goed? Tering Geweldplegers in therapie; NRC 11 juli 1998
Roelofs, G. T., Pedofilie en andere parafilieën; lezing op het Symposium Multidisciplinaire Seksuologie, 24 april 1997
Rubin, Debra, Pedophile profile belies urban legends; Washington Jewish Week, November 9, 2005
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/sot/rubin_berlin.htm >
Schoon, Edwin, Ook respect voor de kinderverkrachter; Trouw 28 februari 2004
Schouten, E.A.M., J. de Jong, M.F. Timmerman & M.A. van Es, Libidoremmende medicatie bij zedendelinquenten; de praktijk in een grote forensisch psychiatrische poli- en dagkliniek - bron en jaartal onbekend
SOTP (several authors): The Treatment of Imprisoned Sex Offenders, Program, Development, from HM Prison Service (SOTP Report, February 1996)
< http://www.helping-people.info/Treatment/sotp/sotp_content.htm >
A critical summary is
Walravens, Geertje, Kris Vanhoeck, Flip Van Canegem & Jessica Opsteyn, Zeg het aan (n)iemand; Therapie voor plegers van zedenfeiten; Acco, Leuven 2006
Zalm, Patricia van der, De last van de lust; Genezing heeft dadertherapie niet te bieden; wel proberen te voorkomen dat ze terugvallen; Wegener Dagbladen 20 april 1996
Zessen, Gertjan van, A Model for Group Counseling with Male Pedophiles, Journal of Homosexuality 20, 1/2, 1990
< http://www.helping-people.info/articles/van_zessen.htm >


text:
AtomBy ATOM Legal Professional Corporation English speaking lawyers in Japan
English Lawyers Japan
About ATOM Group Our Lawyers (Bengōshi)
Divorce & Child Custody Inheritance & Wills Traffic Accidents Criminal Defense
Visas & Immigration Employment & Contracts Corporate Law Starting a Business in Japan
Family Law Inheritance Law Traffic Law Criminal Defense Visas Employment Law Corporate Law Business Law
Privacy Policy | For Lawyers
Will my foreign will be valid in Japan?
It is normal to be anxious about the validity of your foreign will in Japan. You want the wishes of your last will and testament to be honored regardless of your current domicile. Thankfully, the will should be recognized as valid in Japan as long as certain conditions are met. It's important to equip yourself with the most accurate knowledge, especially when living in a foreign country where legality is concerned. To find out about the details of these conditions, continue reading.
Determining if your foreign will is valid in Japan
Your foreign will shall be recognized as valid in Japan as long as the following conditions are met:
The will is compliant and legally recognized in the jurisdiction in which it was made,
The will is legally recognized in the home country of the person writing the will, and
The will is recognized in the country where the person is physically resident at the time of their death.
A will shall be valid so long as it complies with any of the following laws (Article 2, Act on the Law Applicable to the Form of Wills):
I. the law of the place where the act was performed (lex loci actus);
II. the law of the country where the testator had nationality, either at the time he/she made the will or at the time of his/her death;
III. the law of the place where the testator had domicile, either at the time he/she made the will or at the time of his/her death;
IV. the law of the place where the testator had habitual residence, either at the time he/she made the will or at the time of his/her death; or
V. in the case of a will concerning real property, the law of the place where the real property is located.
As a foreigner in Japan
Know that it is possible for a foreigner to make a will in Japan. You should consider creating a Japanese will with the help of a lawyer, because it can be very difficult for the heirs of foreigners in Japan to access assets, even money from bank accounts. Having a Japanese will would make the process of dealing with the procedures in Japan much easier for your heirs.
Types of wills in Japan
There are two main types of wills in Japan, and you must follow the prescribed form specified by the Japanese Civil Code when making a will or else it will not be considered valid (Article 960, Civil Code).
Holograph (handwritten) will
This is the simplest form of will, requiring the testator (the person making the will) to fully hand-write the will, sign and date the will, and place his/her stamp (hanko) thereon. This method is highly cost effective compared to the notary deed will; however, disagreements can arise among family members when interpreting the will's writing and expressions.
Notary deed will
A notary deed will is the more expensive option but has many benefits to outweigh the extra cost. To create this kind of will the testator must visit a notary office (kōshō-yakuba) and dictate the will to a notary, thereafter inspecting the will. Two witnesses are required for this method, and the notary will keep a copy of the will in the notary office, which makes this option highly secure. Finally, unlike the holograph will, this method is unlikely to give rise to disagreements among family members when interpreting the will and its expressions.
This page is intended to be used for informational purposes only and should not be a substitute for obtaining professional legal advice.
What are the methods of divorce in Japan?
Who gets parental authority (child custody) in Japan?
On child support, visitation rights, and child abduction in Japan
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What happens to my spouse visa after a divorce in Japan?
Making a will in Japan
How is inheritance divided between co-heirs in Japan?
Inheritance tax in Japan
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What to do if I get in a car accident in Japan
What is the legal limit for drunk driving in Japan, and what happens if I drive under the influence?
Damage-only and personal injury car accidents in Japan
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How much money can I get as a car accident victim in Japan?
What is residual disability, and how does it affect compensation for a car accident in Japan?
How much does it cost to get a lawyer for a car accident in Japan?
What to do if you are arrested in Japan
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Visas and deportation after arrest and conviction in Japan
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Types of visas for foreigners in Japan
Issuing visas for foreign employees living abroad
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Employment laws when hiring in Japan
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Hiring foreign employees in Japan
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Types of companies in Japan
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Met Gala: See What 30 Supermodels, From Kate Moss to Kendall Jenner, Wore on Their First Red Carpet
by Lauren McCarthy
It's no coincidence that the theme for the 2009 Met Gala was "The Model as Muse: Embodying Fashion." Since the Costume Institute gala's early years, models have been a major part of the annual event. In the '80s and '90s, the supers, including Kate Moss, Iman, Naomi Campbell, Christy Turlington, and Amber Valletta, arrived on the arms of fashion's biggest designers, dressed in various iterations of the oh-so-popular slip dress. More recently, the Insta-girls have taken over the carpet, including Gigi and Bella Hadid, both of whom made their Met Gala debut in 2015 for "China: Through the Looking Glass," wearing Diane von Furstenberg and Topshop, respectively. To see 27 of the world's biggest models at their first Met Gala, click through.
Amber Valletta attends the Metropolitan Museum Of Art Costume Institute Gala Celebrating The Exhibition "Rock Style" in 1999.
Karen Elson at the Metropolitan Museum Of Art Costume Institute Gala Celebrating The Exhibition "Rock Style" in 1999.
Miranda Kerr attends "The Model as Muse: Embodying Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 4, 2009.
Linda Evangelista and Kyle MacLachlan attend the Met Gala.
Jamie Bochert attends the Costume Institute Gala Benefit to celebrate the opening of the "American Woman: Fashioning a National Identity" exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 3, 2010.
Karlie Kloss attends the Costume Institute Gala Benefit to celebrate the opening of the "American Woman: Fashioning a National Identity" exhibition at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 8, 2010.
Coco Rocha and Anja Rubik attend the Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute Gala "Superheroes: Fashion And Fantasy" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2008.
Joan Smalls attends the "Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty" Costume Institute Gala at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 2, 2011.
Jourdan Dunn and Cara Delevingne attend the "Schiaparelli And Prada: Impossible Conversations" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 7, 2012.
Kate Upton attends the "Schiaparelli And Prada: Impossible Conversations" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 7, 2012.
Shalom Harlow and guest attend the Metropolitan Museum of Art's Costume Institute Gala Exhibition of "Haute Couture" on December 4, 1995.
Kate Moss, Calvin Klein and Christy Turlington attend Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute Exhibition on December 4, 1995
Gigi Hadid attends "China: Through the Looking Glass", the 2015 Costume Institute Gala.
Bella Hadid attends "China: Through the Looking Glass", the 2015 Costume Institute Gala
Carolyn Murphy attends Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute Exhibition Gianni Versace on December 8, 1997.
Hailey Baldwin attends the 'China: Through The Looking Glass' Costume Institute Benefit Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 4, 2015.
Taylor Hill attends the "Manus x Machina: Fashion In An Age Of Technology" Costume Institute Gala at Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 2, 2016.
Adriana Lima attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014.
Gemma Ward, Jack McCollough, Victoria Traina and Lazaro Hernandez attend The Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute Spring 2005 Benefit Gala celebrating the exhibition "Chanel."
Agyness Deyn and Henry Holland attend The Costume Institute Gala in honor at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 7, 2007.
Cindy Crawford attends The Model As Muse at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 4, 2009.
Calvin Klein and Iman at the Met Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art in December 1981.
Stella Maxwell arrives for the "Manus x Machina: Fashion In An Age Of Technology" Costume Institute Gala at Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 2, 2016 in New York City.
Ashley Graham arrives at "Rei Kawakubo/Comme des Garcons: Art Of The In-Between" Costume Institute Gala at The Metropolitan Museum on May 1, 2017 in New York City.
Fashion model Naomi Campbell at the Costume Institute Gala – Theatre de la Mode – December 3, 1990 at Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City, New York, United States. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.
Model Karolina Kurkova and designer Narciso Rodriguez arrive at the Metropolitan Museum of Art Costume Institute Benefit Gala sponsored by Gucci April 28, 2003 at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.
Alek Wek attends The Costume Institute Gala: "The Model As Muse" with Honorary Chair Marc Jacobs at The Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 4, 2009 in New York City. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.
David Copperfield and Claudia Schiffer arrive at the Metropolitan Museum of Art for the 50th Anniversary of the Costume Institute Gala in celebration of Cubism and Fashion on December 7, 1998. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.
Kendall Jenner attends the "Charles James: Beyond Fashion" Costume Institute Gala at the Metropolitan Museum of Art on May 5, 2014 in New York City. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.
Gisele Bündchen at the Metropolitan Museum's Costume Institute gala exhibition, New York, New York, 1990s. Photo courtesy of Getty Images.


Who's Got Dirt/Unscripted shares the finest celebrity dirt and gossip on the internet. Who's Got Dirt is a facebook fan favorite. Here's your chance to join the WGD community and receive the hottest unscripted celebrity dirt as soon as it hits this blog.


text:
Brock sculpture unveiled at Lindenwood University
April 19, 2011 By Bill Pollock
A new statue in honor of National Baseball Hall of Fame member Lou Brock stands outside of the Lou Brock Sports Complex after dedication ceremonies on the campus of Lindenwood University in St. Charles. UPI/Bill Greenblatt
Monday afternoon, the campus of Lindenwood University unveiled and dedicated a sculpture of St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Famer Lou Brock.
"Today, I feel like it is the last game of my career, and the beginning of a new career," Brock said. "I am humble and grateful to Lindenwood University for this day. I would like to say thanks to the Board of Directors, President Evans, and the entire University body, which includes the students."
The bronze sculpture is a slightly larger-than life version of Brock sliding into second base. It was crafted by artist Harry Weber, and will sit on a pedestal at the entrance to the home of the Lindenwood baseball and softball programs. The Lou Brock Sports Complex was built in 2005 and has hosted NAIA regional tournaments along with the 2009 NAIA National Championship Opening Round.
The complex is named after one of the best St. Louis Cardinals in history. Brock played for the Cardinals from 1964-1979, and was inducted into the baseball Hall of Fame in 1985. During his career, Brock helped the Cardinals to National League pennants in 1964, 1967, and 1968, and to World Series championships in 1964 and 1967. He is a six-time all-star.
Filed Under: Sports Features Tagged With: Lindenwood University, Sports
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text:
Q: Unable to open selenium chrome driver from azure vm machine to my client machine? is that even possible? i have a angular project which triggers selenium Chrome-driver to open with help of c# API, it is working fine on my local machine. Now i have to deploy it on azure so my client can use in the same way too.
I tried and found out chrome-driver will only work on through azure VM-machine as it has some limitations. I purchased one azure VM and deployed my project there with chrome driver. it is working as a headless chrome-driver, i can see chrome driver is running in task manager but i cannot see the browser. Any help from anyone?
IWebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(Path.GetDirectoryName(Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location));

driver.Url = "https://www.youtube.com";

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Much of the postgame focus was on a goalie interference non-call, but the truth is that the Bruins didn't play nearly well enough to win Game 5 in Boston.
Johansson and Moore both have a chance to return to the lineup in Game 4 as the Bruins look to even the series.
The Bruins had a pair of game-time decisions on the ice for Tuesday's practice in Toronto.
The Bruins are not getting Kevan Miller back in action this week.
The Bruins snapped a 21-year home game losing streak against the Avalanche.
The Bruins could be without Matt Grzelcyk on Saturday.
Bruins head coach Bruce Cassidy was at his angriest following Thursday's 3-2 overtime loss to the Flyers.
The Bruins managed to successfully avoid a third straight loss Thursday, scoring three third-period goals to beat the Blues.
Tuukka Rask gets the call in net as the Bruins wrap up their season series with the Canadiens.
Bruins win for the second time in as many nights, this time behind defenseman John Moore's late-game power-play dagger against the Canadiens.
The Bruins are down an absolutely obscene amount of NHL-quality defensemen.
What Do The Bruins Have In John Moore?
Trying to find out what the Bruins have in John Moore.


Hollywood star Jeff Goldblum was told to ''improvise'' his scenes in 'Thor: Ragnarok' by director Taika Waititi.
Jeff Goldblum said he ''improvised'' a lot of 'Thor: Ragnarok'.
The 64-year-old actor is starring as the Grandmaster in the third instalment of the 'Thor' franchise and revealed director Taika Waititi told him he wanted Goldblum to come up with some of his own lines.
Goldblum stars alongside Chris Hemsworth as the titular character, Mark Ruffalo [Hulk], Tom Hiddleston [Loki and Cate Blanchett [Hera].
The film marks the first time the villain in any Marvel Cinematic Universe film is a woman and although this is Goldblum's first outing in a superhero movie he said he would ''love to do more''.
Goldblum is also set to reprise his role as Dr. Ian Malcolm in the fifth instalment of the 'Jurassic Park' franchise 'Fallen Kingdom' and he said he loves playing that character.