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Victoria 2 - After Action Reports (AAR)
The Liberty Bell Rings: The Story of The Free American Commonwealth
Thread starter trekfan
War of Secession - Strategic Overview The War of Secession - 1866 Flags of the Commonwealth Justification for the Secession of the Northern Commonwealth Developments 1867 - The Eastern Front - Opening Moves Developments 1867 - The Eastern Front - Lee on the Back Foot Cancellation Something new...
trekfan
Some of you may remember me from my old AARs, which can be found in my signature. In my first one, I showcased the Pop Demand Mod's alternative American Civil War. Playing as the Free States of America, I won my independence from the Union and, after several bloody wars, subjugated the old United States.
I wrote that AAR nearly four years ago, in my freshman year of high school. In that time, I've grown less and less satisfied with the world I crafted and the story I told. So, I'm going to try again.
This AAR is NOT a sequel to the A More Imperfect Union. Rather, it is a standalone work to be judged on its own.
This AAR is NOT a retelling of A More Imperfect Union. I will be taking the independent North in different direction.
This AAR will NOT made in the same format as A More Imperfect Union and Down South in Dixie. Instead, it will be far more text-based, centered on fictitious historical documents, newspaper articles, and anything else I deem fit.
Updates WILL be infrequent. This is for two reasons: the updates will take more time to make, and I will have less time to make them than I did back in 2013.
I am using the HPM Mod, as well as my own personal modifications.
I welcome constructive criticism throughout the entirety of this project.
I hope you all enjoy this project.
WritAAR of the Week: 06/10/2018
AARs:
- A More Imperfect Union[COMPLETE]
- Down South in Dixie[COMPLETE]
- The Liberty Bell Rings [CANCELLED]
- Mistakes Were Made [COMPLETE]
Threadmarks The Free State Compact
The Free State Compact
Between the States of Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York, Vermont, New Hampshire, Maine, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut.
This association of states shall be called "The Free American Commonwealth", henceforth referred to as "the Commonwealth".
The members of the House of Delegates shall be appointed by the legislatures of the Commonwealth's constituent states. In proportion to their populations, New York shall send 25 representatives to the House of Delegates, Pennsylvania shall send 17, Ohio shall send 14, Indiana shall send 7, Illinois shall send 6, New Jersey shall send 4, Michigan shall send 2, Massachusetts shall send 7, Connecticut shall send 3, Vermont shall send 3, New Hampshire shall send 4, Maine shall send 6, Rhode Island shall send 1, Iowa shall send 1, Minnesota shall send 1, and Wisconsin shall send 1.
The House of Delegates will have the exclusive power to legislate laws pertaining to the entire Commonwealth, while the individual state governments will have the power to govern only within their borders.
The House of Delegates will have the power to raise taxes on behalf of the Commonwealth in order to ensure the security of the Commonwealth, as well as to make war against threats to the Commonwealth's sovereignty. The House of Delegates may take any action deemed necessary and proper to ensure the survival of the Commonwealth.
Each delegate shall have one vote in all legislative matters, as well as those regarding the ratification of treaties with foreign powers, including the United States of America. A simple majority is needed to pass a measure. Either a delegate or the President of the Commonwealth may present a measure for consideration. Delegates may abstain from a vote if they wish. If a vote ties, the President will cast a tie-breaking vote. The President may never abstain from such a vote.
The House of Delegates may conduct business so long as at least sixty percent of the delegates are present.
The House of Delegates will meet in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on November 12, 1866, with future meeting times to be determined at the first assembly.
Section VII
Any vacancies in the House of Delegates must be filled by the states as quickly as possible.
Members of the House of Delegates will serve for the entirety of the war with the United States of America, as well as throughout the subsequent Constitutional Convention.
The House of Delegates may regulate interstate commerce, so long as such regulation does not unfairly burden any individual state or region.
During its first meeting, the House of Delegates shall elect a President of the Commonwealth, in whom the power of the Executive will be placed. This person, once elected, will serve for the entirety of the war with the United States of America, as well as throughout the subsequent Constitutional Convention.
The House of Delegates may remove the President from office with a vote of no confidence. Such a vote must pass with two-thirds support in the House of Delegates. Should this occur, the House of Delegates shall elect a new President as soon as possible.
The President must have been a citizen of one of the Commonwealth's constituent states for at least five years. A delegate to the House may be elected President; however, should this occur he shall resign his seat in the House of Delegates.
The President shall be considered the commander-in-chief of the Commonwealth's armed forces.
The President shall be considered the chief diplomat of the Commonwealth.
The President does not have veto power over legislation passed by the House of Delegates. The President does have veto power over treaties ratified by the House of Delegates.
Seeing as this Compact is a temporary means by which to bind together the aforementioned states, a Constitutional Convention shall be held as soon after the cession of hostilities and the guarantee of the Commonwealth's independence as is practical, to be determined by the House of Delegates.
No member of the House of Delegates may also serve as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention. The President of the Commonwealth shall serve as the President of the Constitutional Convention.
Each state shall afford full faith and credit to the record, acts, and judicial proceedings of the courts and magistrates of every other state.
Slavery and involuntary servitude are prohibited everywhere in the Commonwealth under every circumstance, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted.
Any enslaved person currently within the borders of the Commonwealth is now considered to be free and is under the protection of the Commonwealth, as well as the state in which he finds himself. Any enslaved person who escapes from his master and retreats into the Commonwealth will be considered free, and will be considered to be under the protection of the Commonwealth, as well as the state in which he finds himself.
Entrance into the Commonwealth by any other state currently part of the United States of America must be approved by sixty percent of the House of Delegates, as well as the President.
Done at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on November 5th, 1866.
Very intriguing.
So a reverse civil war idea?
Essentially - the next update will cover how the USA got to the point of Northern secession.
cpm4001
I am the Emperor and I want dumplings!
...I'm back, apparently, too.
I meant to have the first update out by tonight, but that's not going to happen. However, I do have something to tide you over until it's ready.
I will be using this image again once we get to the actual war.
Idhrendur
Keeper of the Converters
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Threadmarks The Annexation of Texas
The Road to 1866
The Annexation of Texas
The road to the War of Secession is a long and windy one and is subject to much historical debate. At what point did the North's secession become inevitable? Was it after the House of Representatives undemocratically resolved the Election of 1864, which lead directly to calls for a Constitutional Convention? Was it after the Compromise of 1849, which laid down the foundations of Popular Sovereignty regarding the slavery issue? Was it after the Philadelphia Convention of 1787, which failed to solve the issue at the Union's inception? Was it after the first slaves were brought to Jamestown, Virginia all the way back in 1619? Or was it never inevitable, and was instead a very avoidable consequence of inept leadership? Historians have been debating these questions since the War of Secession itself. This summary will briefly examine the some of the key events leading to the war. When one endeavors to discuss the bloodiest conflict in both American and Commonwealth history, one struggles to find exactly where to start. For the purposes of this summary, we will begin thirty years prior to the signing of the Free State Compact.
Our story begins not in the United States, but rather in Mexico. In 1836, Mexico was a nation at war. Immensely regretting the decision to let American settlers into Tejas, Mexico was now combating a rebelling Texan Republic. While hardly a world power, Mexico nonetheless should have been able to handily defeat the Texans and restore order to the wayward province. Yet the rebels prevailed, largely by chance. After the successful (for the Texans) Battle of San Jacinto, a rebel contingent captured Antonio López de Santa Anna, leader of the Mexican forces. Forcing him to sign a treaty ending hostilities, the encounter transformed almost certain defeat into victory. Texas was free to shape its own destiny.
For a few years, at least. Sam Houston, the 1st President of Texas, and his supporters advocated for the annexation of Texas into the United States. Texas had neither the manpower nor the resources to sustain itself as an independent state. Better to be one star among many than to be forever overshadowed by Texas' larger neighbors. There was once problem: the United States didn't want them. As Texas would be a slave state, its incorporation would throw off the balance between slave and free in the Senate. In addition, most in Congress, Democrat and Whig, desired to avoid conflict between the United States and Mexico, as did the Van Buren Administration. Texas would need to wait for a political shift in its neighbor for the time being.
That shift would come after the Election of 1844. After two terms in office (having narrowly defeated William Henry Harrison four years before), President Martin Van Buren declined to run for reelection. The election swiftly became a referendum on the annexation of Texas, as the eventual Democratic nominee, James Polk, favored it, while Whig Henry Clay opposed. Since its creation, the Whig party had been steadily gaining more and more support among the American people, only having lost narrowly in 1840.
The Election of 1844 was close, but James Polk eventually won out.
Yet it would not be enough. The idea of Manifest Destiny, the United States' destiny to expand across the whole of the North American continent, was sweeping the country. His opposition to such expansion helped Polk and the Democrats portray Clay as out of touch to the common man. While hardly a landslide, Polk defeated Clay by a decent electoral margin. On April 4, 1845, only a month after the new President's inauguration, the United States of America officially annexed the Republic of Texas.
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As you can see, this is not a retelling of actual historical events. In our timeline, William Henry Harrison won the election of 1840, and Texas was incorporated in 1846, not 1845. I am writing this based on the events of my game.
For this electoral map, as well as future ones, I am basing the state calls on the eventual winner of the election in game, as well as the state by state breakdowns of ideology and party support found in the population tab.
If you have any questions, I encourage you to ask. If you see any typos and/or other mistakes, I encourage you to let me know.
AvatarOfKhaine
I've enjoyed both your previous works, but seeing a new type of trekfan AAR and seeing how your craft has evolved is never a bad thing.
Looking forward to the onwards march of the Commonwealth!
I do like this perspective in the first few paragraphs through time.
Nuada Airgetlám
forum.paradoxplaza.com
I'm curious to see how the Free American Commonwealth comes to be. Subscribed!
Millennium's Eve - A CK2+ Ireland AAR
My Inkwell
Paradox AARs, Awards, LPs, and Fan Fiction Discussion
Threadmarks The Mexican-American War
The Road to 1866
The Mexican-American War
While small in population, Texas hosted mighty ambitions. During its stint as a Republic, Texas claimed land far outside of its actual control, from the Rio Grande to as far north as what would become Wyoming. In addition, there was considerable momentum in the Texan legislature to claim lands as distant as California for the fledgling Republic. Of course, Mexico disputed these claims. Just because Mexico had been forced to allow Texan independence did not mean Mexico had to endure whatever humiliation the wayward province sought fit to bestow. That land was Mexican – if Texas wanted it, Texas would have to fight for it.
The Republic of Texas' far flung claims
Image Credit: Daughters of the Republic of Texas
After annexation into the Union, the Republic of Texas' claims became the State of Texas' claims, and thus those of the United States. It was precisely this situation the United States had sought to avoid years earlier under the Van Buren Administration. Politics had shifted considerably since then: Polk was President and expansionist fever was sweeping the nation. The United States would span from coast to coast, even if Mexico was in the way.
At this time, it was routine for American patrols to expand their routes into the disputed regions with Mexico. On March 7, 1846, one such patrol encountered a Mexican detachment. The Mexicans, seeing the Americans trespassing on what they believed to be Mexican soil, opened fire, killing one American and wounding another. The return fire killed three Mexicans, after which both sides retreated.
Some historians contend that the skirmish was an accident which played directly into the national mindset at the time. Others believe President Polk himself ordered that patrols be sent into the disputed territory, hoping to provoke a confrontation. Either way, the result was the same: casus belli for war with Mexico. Congress acted swiftly, declaring war on March 18.
The details of the Mexican-American War are unimportant for the purposes of this summary. What is important is that the war would end two years later, in 1848 with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, which turned over the disputed land to Texas (and the United States), as well as California and several other territories which would become parts of Nevada, Utah, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico (the Gadsden purchase would complete the borders of the final two).
The Mexican Cession of 1848
Image Credit: By Kballen - Own work, CC BY 3.0
Manifest Destiny had finally been achieved, and the nation was ecstatic. Yet, behind the jubilation stirred an impending crisis, and lawmakers braced for what they knew would come next. The issue of slavery could not be ignored in these new lands.
Ralph Waldo Emerson wrote that America conquering Mexico would be like a man swallowing arsenic, declaring that "Mexico will poison us". His words would prove to be prophetic.
As you can see, we haven't started the alternate history in earnest yet. Soon though.
Yet more work to do.
weresloth
Amazing writing! Subbed!
Enthused by history
Threadmarks Compromise of 1849
Compromise of 1849
Before the ink had dried on the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, the question of slavery's status in the Mexican Cession was heavily contested. What was the United States to do with these new territories? People were already beginning to settle in them – they could not remain unorganized forever. It seemed that everyone had their own idea about how to organize them, all equally unpalatable to their opponents. For example, the Wilmot Proviso proposed the banning of slavery in the entirety of the Mexican Cession, excluding Texas. On the other end of the spectrum, William Yancey's Alabama Platform advocated for the expansion of slavery into the entirety of the Mexican Cession. Gridlock gripped Congress, paralyzing the Federal Government.
The Compromise of 1849 was eventually brought about by the efforts of a great many people; however, for the purposes of this summary we will focus on only three: Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky, Senator Stephen Douglas of Illinois, and President Lewis Cass of the United States (elected in 1848 after President Polk declined to seek reelection, defeating Whig Zachary Taylor and former President Martin Van Buren, running on the newly created Free Soil Party's ticket). While not alone, these three men successfully used their influence to force five bills through Congress, ending (or at least postponing) the crisis – Clay in his role as "The Great Compromiser", and Douglas and Cass in their promotion of Popular Sovereignty as a method of deciding slavery's status in a territory.
The five bills of the Compromise were as follows:
1. The California Territory was organized, and slavery was prohibited in its borders.
2. The Utah and New Mexico Territories was organized, with slavery to be determined by popular sovereignty
3. Texas dropped its land claims outside of its modern state borders, with the extra land to be incorporated into other territories.
4. The slave trade, but not slavery itself, was to be abolished in the District of Columbia on March 1, 1854.
5. The Fugitive Slave Act was strengthened.
No one was happy with this solution. Antislavery and Abolitionist lawmakers opposed strengthening the Fugitive Slave Act and postponing the slave trade's abolition in D.C. Pro-slavery lawmakers opposed slavery's prohibition in the California Territory, as well as the eventual abolition of the slave trade in D.C. Only moderates were content with popular sovereignty's implementation. However, its constituent bills managed to pass because the Compromise was the least objectionable solution to the greatest number of people. In their famous address to Congress in favor of it, Clay, Douglas, and Cass appealed to this very fact, with President Cass passionately arguing that "while this legislation may be imperfect, we must start somewhere, gentlemen, for the betterment of these United States".
Senator Henry Clay arguing for the Compromise on the Senate floor.
Image Credit
In the end, each bill received the votes it needed, and the Compromise of 1849 became the law of the land. Yet, as we now know, it would not be enough.
In OTL, Zachary Taylor defeated Cass, as Van Buren split the Democratic vote in several northern states. In my game, the Democrats won 1848.
In OTL, the Compromise of 1850 made California a free state. In my game, no one wanted to migrate to California, so it didn't have the population of accepted pops to become a state. Hence, California is a free territory here.
In OTL, the D.C. slave trade was banned immediately, not after a period of five years.
Aon dochar
Looks like a good AAR, subbed!
袁世凱
Ultimately the compromise that failed, but even so one cannot blame those who attempted it.
guillec87
'The North remembers... The North knows no king, but the King in the North whose name is Stark'
GENERATION 42: The first time you see this, copy it into your sig on any forum and add 1 to the generation. Social experiment.
Democratic .......[--X------]... Authoritarian
Political Left ......[-------X--]. Political Right
Open Society ....[--X-------].. Closed Society
Free Market ......[----X-----] Central Planning
Standing Army ..[----X-----].... Drafted Army
Hawk Lobby .....[-------X--]...... Dove Lobby
Interventionism .[------X---].... Isolationism
I appreciate the clear notes on where this timeline is diverging from OTL.
Lord Garmadon G Rulez
Subbed ! Maybe it is possible this commonwealth decide to pursue closer ties with the British ? Or we may have a... king possibly ? It is a slim chance but it cloud be done. A king would be a unifier factor to these states.


Canada's Premiers Sour On Carbon Tax: Positive Signs?
Justin Trudeau's Carbon Tax legislation seemed to be on track just a year ago, when 9 of 10 provinces had signed on to it. But times have changed, as today at least half of the Premiers are speaking against it.
What does it mean if Canada, once on track to implement a Carbon Tax, is now having great difficulties getting it implemented? Does this mean people are starting to wake up to the fact that it is a money-grabbing hoax?
For a while, it seemed like the powers that be had won another high-stakes battle, pushing their cap-and-trade scheme through Canada by way of Justin Trudeau's federal government. It was only a year ago that nine of ten provinces had agreed to Trudeau's plan to usurp provincial jurisdiction and mandate a national carbon tax.
Now Saskatchewan, the lone objector at that time, has filed a reference case to its provincial court of appeal, arguing that the matter falls under provincial jurisdiction. And they are no longer the lone voice of dissent.
The newly elected Ontario government announced recently it would end the province's cap-and-trade program, fulfilling one of Premier Doug Ford's election promises.
Citing the auditor general, the Ford government said the program could cost Ontario consumers and businesses C$8 billion, with a minimal impact on the province's carbon emissions.
This week, going into the meeting of the premiers, the number of provinces supporting the Trudeau carbon tax looks like it's down to five — or maybe even four. Soon it could be down to three.
Along with Saskatchewan and Doug Ford's Ontario, Prince Edward Island has now said it will not accept Trudeau's mandatory carbon tax. That's right: a Liberal provincial government, under P.E.I. Premier Wade MacLauchlan, is now siding with conservative premiers in Ontario and Saskatchewan in fighting Trudeau's federally imposed carbon tax. And in Newfoundland and Labrador another Liberal provincial government, led by Premier Dwight Ball, has yet to legislate a carbon tax. They wanted to wait, he said, to see what Ontario would do, first. They have their answer now.
There's also Manitoba Premier Brian Pallister. You might remember he was in a rush to announce his own <less expensive> "made-in-Manitoba" carbon-tax plan a few months ago. More recently, Pallister's government has said it is willing to take the Trudeau government to court so it can follow its made-in-Manitoba tax plan, not one made in Ottawa. Even New Brunswick's Liberal Premier Brian Gallant, who is hosting the St. Andrews meeting this week, seems to be backpedaling on his support of a Trudeau carbon tax.
While most of the reasoning behind the political about-face of Canada's Premiers is based on jurisdiction issues with the federal government, there may be more at play here. Behind the scenes, there may be a shift in power towards those who are not set to benefit from the cap-and-trade scheme. In the video below, Annie Leonard speaks about who is really promoting cap-and-trade and what kind of benefits they hope to get from it. She also indicates, as Doug Ford alluded to and Donald Trump has certainly said, the whole scheme does little to nothing for the environment or for humanity's future.
I personally believe the whole CO2/Global Warming narrative to be a hoax. But that's a story for another article. Even if the 'science' is true, Leonard makes it clear that with this cap-and-trade system, world leaders are merely promoting a complicated system designed to increases the wealth and control of the powers that be. Seeing a growing number of Premiers in Canada starting to line up against the cap-and-trade system is a sign to me that things may be going in a better direction.


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Award-Winning Study Explores How Best to Dole Out Supplies in Wake of Humanitarian Crisis | Whitman Voices
Award-Winning Study Explores How Best to Dole Out Supplies in Wake of Humanitarian Crisis
Posted on:	 April 5, 2018	 Last updated on:	 April 5, 2018	 Written by:	Kerri Howell	Categorized in:	Research, Supply Chain Management Tagged as:	burak kazaz crisis research syracuse university unicef world health organization
According to UNICEF, more than three million children under the age of five die annually from severe malnutrition. What's more, hunger affects approximately 20 million children around the globe. During a humanitarian crisis, such as child hunger, the focus is on making sure people receive the necessary supplies they need. It's critical that organizations, such as UNICEF and the World Health Organization, have inventory on hand available at a moment's notice but it's also imperative for those agencies to be able to acquire and deliver goods efficiently and effectively.
A new study, soon to be published in Production and Operations Management (POM), enables humanitarian organizations to determine the optimal amount of budget to be earmarked for local country offices, as well as for emergency response. It also determines the corresponding inventory of goods both in local country offices and in a central hub, so when there is a need, the organizations can provide more rapid and efficient responses to developing humanitarian crises.
According to Burak Kazaz, Steven Becker Professor of Supply Chain Management at Syracuse University's Martin J. Whitman School of Management, one of the study's authors, despite the additional $8.2 million raised after a 2008 hunger emergency in Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, the long delays in raising such funds and acquiring ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) caused an additional 8.4 million people to suffer from malnutrition.
"Humanitarian organizations need to develop efficient budgeting, procurement and logistical plans for inventory planning for its local country offices," said Professor Kazaz. "But they also need to reserve some funds for rapid response and emergency shipments."
The research was the recipient of the best paper award from the 2016 POM Society's College of Humanitarian Operations and Crisis Management and it is particularly beneficial for humanitarian organizations in their budgeting, inventory acquisition and logistical planning against humanitarian crises.
"Academic studies often focus on maximizing profit, or shareholder value, in determining the optimal levels of inventory but this one is much more challenging because the costs involve human lives," said Professor Kazaz. "There is no better feeling than knowing our work and expertise in procurement and logistics can actually help save human lives."
The study was co-authored by John H. Park (Pepperdine University) and Scott Webster (Arizona State University).
Kerri Howell
Kerri is director of communications and media relations for the Whitman School. She is responsible for managing all internal and external communications with students, faculty, staff, alumni, members of the business community and other key stakeholders.After receiving her B.A. from State University of New York at Geneseo, she went on to earn her M.S. in communications management from Syracuse's S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications, where she has served as an adjunct professor in the public relations department since 2004.
Latest posts by Kerri Howell (see all)
Underperforming Companies Lose Focus On Innovation - September 22, 2020
Funded Research on Diversity and Inclusion in Business and Management - September 8, 2020
Students Honored with D'Aniello Internships - June 25, 2020
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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How long is adoption in Nigeria?
How long does it take to adopt a child in Nigeria?
How much does it cost to adopt a child in Nigeria?
Can I adopt my niece from Nigeria?
How long does the adoption process usually take?
How can I adopt a baby fast?
Where is the easiest place to adopt a child?
What is the cheapest way to adopt?
How much does it cost to adopt a baby girl in Nigeria?
What is the right age to adopt a child?
How can I adopt my niece in the Philippines?
What is the process of adoption in Nigeria?
What are the conditions to adopt a child?
Can you foster if you have a baby?
How hard is it to adopt a kid?
How long does it take to adopt a child in Georgia?
The fees for adoption from Nigeria are reasonable, and it is estimated that the process will take approximately 1.5 years from application to adoption completion depending upon the type of child you are seeking to adopt.
As a result, investigations and the in-country visa application and approval process can cause adoption processing in Lagos to take up to six months to complete, after the initial approval of the Form I-600 by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
The U.S. Consulate in Lagos estimates that a standard adoption in Nigeria would cost approximately $500 in fees not including fees paid for the Form I-600A, Form I-600 or the immigrant visa.
Nigerians adopting from their native country can adopt family members or children legally available for adoption from orphanages through the Nigerian State Adoption Authority (Ministry of Social Welfare or equivalent). In order for a child to receive a US Immigrant visa, they must meet orphan status under US law.
IT IS INTERESTING: Why is Internet slow in Nigeria?
It takes about 6 to 18 months to adopt a child from foster care. there are several factors that affect the timing. these factors include the state of the rights of the birth parents and has the adopting parent been a foster parent.
Do something every day to move it forward, and choose an agency that can complete your home study the quickest (call three and ask what their process is). Put together a killer profile that speaks directly to the expectant mother, using conversational language, so she can picture her baby in your family.
Easiest Countries To Adopt From 2021
2021 Population
1 China 1,444,216,107
2 India 1,393,409,038
3 United States 332,915,073
4 Indonesia 276,361,783
Foster care adoption is the least expensive adoption process, with the average being just $2,744. You work with your state's foster care system, and if you foster a child that may eventually be up for adoption, you'll be first on the list.
COSTS. The program fee for a Nigeria adoption is $16,000. Additional estimated expenses of $25,690 – $37,975 will bring the total cost to approximately $41,960 – $53,945. In addition, your out-of-pocket expenses may further be reduced if you receive scholarships or other employer-provided adoption benefits.
Adoption Requirements by State for a Private Domestic Adoption:
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California Requirements Must be an adult and 10 years older than adoptee
Colorado Requirements Must be at least 21 years old
Connecticut Requirements None
Delaware Requirements Must be at least 21 years old
Be resident in the Philippines for at least three years prior to the filing of the adoption petition and maintain such residence until the adoption decree is entered by the Philippine court. Possess a certification of legal capacity to adopt issued by the appropriate government agency from your state of residence.
In order to adopt a child from Nigeria, you will need to meet the requirements of the Government of Nigeria and U.S. immigration law. You must submit an application to be found eligible to adopt with the social welfare office in the state where the child resides in Nigeria.
In order to adopt a child, the adoptive parents must be physically, mentally and financially stable. The accumulative age of the parents should be under 110. A single adoptive parent must be under 55 years of age to adopt a child in India. The minimum age of either parent should be over 25 years.
Ideally you should wait until your own child is at least 1 year old before applying to foster, but in some cases we may accept an application sooner. If you were having your first child we would suggest you focus on your immediate family for the at least one year after giving birth.
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Adoption is so much more difficult and complicated than people think it is. … Domestic infant adoption is actually rather rare, with only roughly 10 percent of hopeful parents being placed with a baby. The wait is often long and full of disappointment and heartbreak. Even after adopting a baby, adoption is hard.
Uncontested adoptions, where the rights of the parents have been surrendered or terminated, move through the Georgia courts quickly, and it is not unusual to finalize the adoption within 30-45 days from the filing of the petition for adoption, and in some case earlier.
How much is SSS salary in Nigeria?
The average salaries for State Security Service Nigeria (SSS) is 257,250 Naira. This data
Your question: Does Xoom work in Africa?
What can I do with a physiology degree in Nigeria?
Which country is the youngest country in Africa?
Your question: How do you say please in Egypt?
Your question: Is 5G launched in South Africa?
What is form Q Nigeria?
Why should citizens of Zambia pay taxes?


Paul is performing (or is trying) the Rollings Stones their "Lady Jane" , after wich we get some interesting stuff : Paul plays and tells about "Woman". It seems almost as if Paul is the only one left to play, with Ringo talking along.
"Flushed You From The Bathroom Of My Heart"


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Local and National Restrictions Support Grants
On 9 September 2020, the government announced there would be further funding to support businesses that are required to close due to localised restrictions.
Folkestone & Hythe Additional Restrictions Grant (ARG)
This grant scheme is fully funded by central government and the funds will be administered by Folkestone & Hythe District Council in accordance with the guidance issued by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS).
Advice to restaurants, pubs and takeaways during COVID-19
Advice for many businesses who are looking to make provision for takeaways and deliveries
Information and guidance on sponsoring a flower bed or donating a memorial bench in the district
COVID-19 Risk assessment guidance
Health and safety inspections
Report an accident at work
Folkestone Community Works
Small Business Grant Fund and Retail, Hospitality and Leisure Grant Fund Guidance


This weekend is full of schedule changes!
Tonight: tumbling, tech, and both boys classes are CANCELLED. The only classes in session are the competition classes.
Tomorrow: all teen classes are CANCELLED. The pre-k class will still meet.


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March 1999 Archives
Set Phasers On Bore!
By Greg Knauss on March 30, 1999 12:00 AM
Oscar Showdown: Tacky v. Banal
By Lisa Schmeiser on March 25, 1999 12:00 AM
The Death of Star Trek
By Jason Snell on March 24, 1999 12:00 AM
Star Trek: The Eulogy's Premature
Whither "Star Trek"?: Three Angry Vidiots Argue the Merits of Silly Sci-Fi for the Kids
By Philip Michaels on March 22, 1999 12:00 AM
Real Sex, Real Cable
By Chris Rywalt on March 19, 1999 12:00 AM
You Too Can Be A Television Critic!
By James Collier on March 17, 1999 12:00 AM
TeeVee Mailbag XVIII: Won't Somebody Think of the Children?
By The Vidiots on March 15, 1999 12:00 AM
They Shoot Interns, Don't They?
Welcome Home... To MSNBCBS
By Lisa Schmeiser on March 8, 1999 12:00 AM
The Nielsens Next Door
By Chris Rywalt on March 5, 1999 12:00 AM
Change of Stomach
By Greg Knauss on March 3, 1999 12:00 AM
« February 1999 | Main Index | Archives | April 1999 »


An anonymous buyer purchased a Safavid-era carpet for more than $33 million at Sotheby's in New York on Wednesday.
Al-Arabiya said the price exceeded estimates by 300 percent.
The price beats the highest price for a carpet, 'Kraman', which sold at Christie's in London for $9.6 million.
The Safavid-era carpet is 2.67 by 1.95 metres, and was made in Iran 350 years ago. Iran was united under the rule of the Safavid dynasty from 1501 to 1722.
The carpet, known as the 'Sickle-Leaf', resembles a Safavid portrait. It depicts plants that bloom in each of the four seasons, such as the seeds of plums and vine leaves and cypress trees.
Its colours resemble the clothes of Sufi dancers, which are white, black, and scarlet, and symbolise the shroud and tomb. Such colours have been worn by Darwish dancers in the modern era.
The previous collector was American millionaire William Clark, an industrialist and US senator. He acquired the carpet during a visit to Paris a century ago then donated it to the Corcoran Gallery of Art, which was established in 1869, among hundreds of works of art and rugs before his death in 1925 at 86.
The Sotheby's auction included 25 rugs that were auctioned off to fund new acquisitions of contemporary art at the Corcoran Gallery.


You can follow your route on the strip maps in this guide and read about the points of interest along the way in the accompanying text.
Where something of interest is on only one side of the track, it is identified by the letters N (north), S (south), W (west) and E (east). Note that in some cases these compass directions are only approximate. Since the direction of travel from Toronto to Vancouver is due west, when you're on this journey north is on the right-hand side of the train.
Each line is divided into subdivisions. These are usually about 125 miles long which was the average distance a steam train could travel in 12 hours when the railways were built. If you take the train all the way from Halifax to Vancouver, you'll pass through 20 subdivisions.
These are shown as -- RAILWAY SUBDIVISION -- in the text.
The mileage within each subdivision is indicated by mile markers at the side of the track. Subdivisions run from east to west or south to north, so Mile 0 will always be at the eastern or southern terminal of a subdivision. When you reach the end of a subdivision the next one begins. This is known as a railway divisional point and the miles go back to '0'. The mile markers are usually white rectangular boards on metal posts or telegraph poles. They can be on either side of the track.
You'll also notice numbers marked on signal masts along the way. You can work out which mile you're at by inserting a decimal point before the last digit. For instance, if the number on the signal mast is 562 that means you're at Mile 56.2.
Of course the foolproof way to find out where you are is to look out for the names of the stations you're passing. These are conveniently announced on signposts a mile before each station. The names of sidings or junctions are often displayed by the track as well.
Most of the stops are for only a few minutes, giving the crew just enough time to whisk passengers on and off. Longer stops are always indicated in the timetable and are shown in this guide in brackets after the station name. You'll notice that some of the stops in the timetable have asterisks after them; these are 'flag stops' which means the train will stop here only when someone wants to get on or off. Flag stops are also marked by an asterisk in this guide, eg Clearwater*.
Most of the routes described take you through at least two time zones; the Canadian takes you through four. When you enter a new time zone this will be indicated in the text using the following abbreviations: AT (Atlantic Time); ET (Eastern Time); CT (Central Time); MT (Mountain Time); PT (Pacific Time). See p47-48 for more on time zones.
The Ocean follows the meandering lines of the old Intercolonial Railway; indeed the line loops around so much, swinging off to tiny villages, that it was said the contractors were paid by the mile.
It's a line with a history - the first passenger train ran from Halifax to Levis, opposite Quebec City, back in 1876. The train following this route has been known as The Ocean since 1904 making it the longest-running service in Canada.
The line takes you through three provinces and two time zones and, as you might expect, past a good deal of water: you'll see plenty of lakes, harbours, bays and rivers, including the great St Lawrence, which the train follows for a large portion of the journey. The trip from Halifax to Montreal takes 21 hours.
Mile 0: Halifax [AT] For a detailed guide to Halifax, see pp69–81.
Mile 4 (S): The train passes Fairview Cemetery where 125 victims of the Titanic tragedy are buried. There's also a large common grave here for the unidentified men and women who died in the Halifax Explosion (see p79).
Mile 18–27: As you leave the city you move into a landscape of spruce forest and lakes. Look east at Mile 18 for a view of Kinsac Lake, and west between Mile 24 and 27 for lovely views over Shubenacadie Lake.
Mile 63: Truro There was an Acadian settlement here as early as 1701 but these unfortunate people were forced to make way for New England settlers in 1755. Since then it's become a major railway centre and a thriving farming, lumbering and dairy area. It's a pretty town though the station, set in the middle of an ugly shopping mall, would suggest otherwise.
Mile 11: Just after crossing the Debert River the train swings around a great, sweeping curve of track known as the Grecian Bend, apparently laid at the behest of an influential local ironworks owner.
Mile 23(N): Folly Lake Formed by a melting glacier 10,000 years ago, it's supposed to be a watering spot for moose and bear.
Mile 25: For the next five miles the train rides high above the Wallace River, along the Wentworth Valley. As you leave the valley behind, look south for a view of Sugarloaf Mountain in the distance.
Mile 59: Springhill Jct* Springhill used to be an important coal-mining centre but its pits were dogged by tragedy: in 1891 125 miners were killed in an explosion; 39 died in an accident in 1956; just two years later a tunnel collapsed killing a further 74 men. Today the pits are all shut down but the bravery of the men who once worked there is still honoured in the Springhill Miners' Museum.
Mile 76: Amherst The town was once a booming industrial centre of Nova Scotia but large numbers of the population left for New England after World War I and the local economy has never recovered its former success.
Mile 80: Here you cross the Missaquash River which separates Nova Scotia from New Brunswick.
Mile 81(N): On top of the hill you can see Fort Beauséjour, built by the French between 1750 and 1755, then promptly captured by the British the year it was completed. This low-lying building doesn't exactly dominate the skyline, so keep your eyes peeled if you want a glimpse of it.
Mile 86: Sackville This is a small, pretty town with old timbered houses and, surprisingly for its size, a university, Mount Allison, founded over 150 years ago. What's more, this university was the first in Canada to grant degrees to women, when Grace Anne Lockhart was made a Bachelor of Science here in 1875. Sackville is surrounded by the saltwater Tantramar Marshes. Keep a look out for Canada geese, marsh hawks, blue-winged teal, black ducks and numerous other waterfowl; the area is a national wildlife reserve and is one of the densest breeding grounds in the world for many species.
The original name of this town was The Bend; sadly it was renamed Moncton (losing a 'k' along the way) in 1855, in honour of General Robert Monckton, a British commander who became lieutenant-governor of Nova Scotia. Efforts to officially respell the town's name in the 1920s were vigorously opposed by the locals, and Moncton it remained. Today about a third of the population is French-speaking. The 15-minute stop provides a good opportunity to stretch your legs.
Mile 62: Here you cross the Miramichi River and then, immediately after, the Little Miramichi. Anglers reportedly flock to these waters from all over the world, lured by their silver Atlantic salmon.
Mile 66: Newcastle The local economy revolves around the town's thriving salmon fisheries. It also boasts a large radio station which met its moment of glory during World War II when it was selected as the British government's receiving station. It's no longer a main stop.
Mile 110: Bathurst This small copper-mining and fishing town marks the beginning of the Caraquet coast. The sandy beaches and old Acadian fishing villages along this coast have made the area a popular tourist resort.
Mile 120: Petit Rocher* This small seaside village is a popular summer resort. Villagers celebrate the Acadian National Holiday every year here on August 15.
Mile 138: Jacquet River* This town was founded by a Mr J Doyle in 1790 who, according to local legend, was its only inhabitant for many years. To the north is the Bay of Chaleur; the train will hug its shores for the next 35 miles. The views over the bay are particularly pretty between miles 165 and 170.


WHSmith.co.uk is designed. with personal accident insurance cover to participants up to 75 years old. This insurance cover is only included if indicated on your Voucher and is not available for act.
Document format – A4, number of pages – 4. On title page displayed the number of the certificate on registration (Document reference number) registration number of the vehicle (Registration number), name and surname of the present owner, its address. As well as the information about the previous owner: his name and surname, address and date, when the car.
Anthony Horton, director, Finch Insurance We're seen quite a lot of overseas transactions where US businesses in particular are snaffling targets here in the UK. But we are also seeing UK businesses m.
The best travel credit cards offer fee-free spending, great exchange rates and even rewards on overseas transactions. Which? Money Compare presents the.
If you want regular holidays abroad. your car every five years, households need 50% more – £39,000 per year. In general, a single person needs about two-thirds of the amount a couple needs. This is.
Recent data indicates that only 5% of drivers pay less than $50 a month for car insurance. Lived in Vancouver for nearly. Air Canada and a couple of charter airlines between Canada & UK and all pro.
When paying by plastic abroad, if asked to choose between pounds and euros. Martin advises that you check with your supplier before you go. You cannot hire.
Can I use the card abroad? The debit card. is £60-£161/yr for the travel insurance for an under-65, £121-£242 if 65-74, plus £24/yr for golf cover. – UK breakdown cover. Covers account holder(s) in.
Taking your mobile abroad can turn it into a cash assassin in some places, costing as much as £3/min to receive a call. Read tips on how to keep bills down.


It is the best choice to make your birthday sweet memory. This item is made with high quality acrylic. Please note the stakes are not removable on this topper.
Copyright © 2019 Wowlla. All rights reserved.


text:
COVID-19: Why masks are back in favour in the fight against corornavirus
Opinion Op-Eds
Scientists are divided on its value, but it makes sense to wear masks in public places
Published: April 05, 2020 13:16 Andreas Kluth
Palestinian newlyweds Baraa and Ammar pose for a picture in the West Bank village of Dora near Hebron on April 4, 2020, as authorities imposed restrictions on large gatherings in a bid to stem the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus. Image Credit: AFP
UAE: Gazelles roam the streets of Dubai as people stay inside due to coronavirus pandemic
COVID-19 impact: At home, but not alone
Photos: Gulf News readers share pictures of the beautiful facilities and landscapes in the UAE
Photos: Gulf News readers share pictures of skyscrapers in the UAE
As a Westerner, I've always been amused by people wearing facial masks in public. I recall a particular moment in the late 1990s, when I was part of a small group hiking in the Himalayas, at high altitude on a sunny day, in thin and pristine air, and with nary a human in sight. Suddenly, a group of Japanese hikers popped up from behind a crag, fully decked out in rubber gloves and masks.
Living in Asia later, I gradually got used to being around masked faces. Occasionally, I even saw the point — for instance on days when the sandstorms from the Gobi Desert covered Beijing in a rust-coloured haze. But masks weren't for me.
And then, when I was living in Hong Kong, the SARS epidemic broke out. Within a few days in early 2003, the entire city seemed to be masked. And whenever something becomes ubiquitous, it invariably shapes and reflects culture. This being Hong Kong, girls wore Hello Kitty masks, while adults attached bling to theirs. Some soon had faux-Gucci, faux-Prada and faux-Luis Vuitton gauzes covering their faces, while taxi drivers oddly seemed to dangle their masks from one ear only, lest they obstruct the cigarette smoking. Mask style became self-expression.
Eventually, I strapped one on too — and promptly became an example of one major argument against masks. It was a hot and muggy day, hay fever season had started, and I hadn't shaved. Within minutes, my face was an itching, scratching, dripping disaster zone, and my unwashed hands fiddled with the mask every which way. The looks I got in the supermarket were categorical. So the mask came off. To this day, I'm amazed I didn't get infected.
By wearing a mask I'm signalling to strangers on the bus or in the supermarket that I'm trying to protect them. Simultaneously, I'm taking the stigma off those people who wear masks because they know they're infected.
- Andreas Kluth
Nonetheless, when the opportunity came up, my fiancee and I got ourselves a handful of respirators. Because you never know. We've carried that stash with us all these years. Now, living in Berlin, we've pulled them out again, and we're thinking about using them finally.
After all, as COVID-19 spreads and still guards so many of its medical secrets, everything is pointing toward the West becoming like the East, with masks becoming the norm. Austria has made them mandatory in public, even though they're "alien to our culture," as Chancellor Sebastian Kurz conceded. So have Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Israel and others.
Even the holdouts seem to be headed that way. As recently as February 29, the US Surgeon General tweeted, "Seriously people — STOP BUYING MASKS! They are NOT effective in preventing general public from catching #Coronavirus, but if health care providers can't get them to care for sick patients, it puts them and our communities at risk!" Now he's apparently reconsidering, as are the White House and the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.
Corona debate on droplets and aerosols
Even the World Health Organisation is taking another look. So far, it has been recommending that only healthcare workers and people with symptoms wear masks, whereas everybody else should stick to washing hands and keeping social distance. The logic is in part the same as the surgeon general's: There are only so many masks to go around, and if random people hoard, those in need may not get them.
The more disquieting reason, as ever with COVID-19, is that we just don't know enough. There's a heated and very technical debate raging among scientists about whether SARS-CoV-2 is spread by "droplets" (which don't travel far) or "aerosols" (which go a lot farther), and about how long the airborne virus can stay infectious while swirling through the air. Surfaces are definitely dangerous; the air less so. But how much less?
Moreover, it's not clear whether masks would block an airborne virus from coming in. The top-notch N95 respirators worn by surgeons probably do; the standard-issue surgical masks worn by most nurses might; homemade masks might or might not. And all that assumes the masks are worn correctly and responsibly, one single time, and without any finger touching. That rules out young children and possibly, based on experience, me.
more on coronavirus
COVID-19: An ICU nurse's coronavirus diary
COVID-19: Coronavirus will change the way we think
COVID-19: UAE rises to the challenge of coronavirus
COVID-19: We all need to fight the fake news pandemic
In the case of COVID-19, though, this reasoning may be upside down. One problem with the coronavirus is that it's so often asymptomatic. I wouldn't necessarily know if I had it, even though I might infect you by exhaling globs of saliva. So a mask on my face wouldn't primarily have to keep the virus out, but in.
Moreover, by wearing a mask I'm signalling to strangers on the bus or in the supermarket that I'm trying to protect them. Simultaneously, I'm taking the stigma off those people who wear masks because they know they're infected. If we all put something on, even flimsy bandanas, we're showing that we're in this together.
What more of us in the West are now realising is that wearing a mask is the new way of showing respect. This is ironic in places like Germany, which in a bygone era (that is, two months ago) had a debate about whether to ban Muslim women from wearing niqabs in schools. "In an open society, we have to show our faces to talk openly with one another," the governor of Baden-Wuerttemberg said at the time. Now it's the other way around. In a resilient and cohesive society, we may have to mask our faces.
— Bloomberg
Andreas Kluth is a member of Bloomberg's editorial board.
SWAT Analysis
Did Kohli's public stand cost him India's captaincy?
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10 million visitors to Expo 2020 Dubai marks a success
3 new COVID-19 screening centres, hall in Dubai
Start a business with just savings? Expat explains how
Filmmaker Remo D'Souza's brother-in-law Jason dies
Korean Taehoon Ok builds early lead in Singapore Open
Rogan Josh, Rista, Goshtaba... a royal Kashmiri feast


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De Blasio: Kick Asian-Americans Out Of Selective Schools To Give Unearned Preferences To Blacks, Hispanics
By: Kenny Xu
To the outsider, New York City is world-famous for attractions like Times Square, the Statue of Liberty, and the Museum of Modern Art. But to a family of locals, perhaps no landmark impacts public discourse more than the city's illustrious program for gifted and talented students known as the Specialized High Schools.
These are a group of eight highly selective, publicly funded high schools that offer meritorious students in NYC the opportunity to receive an advanced education. To many denizens of NYC, these schools, which include the famous Stuyvesant and Bronx Science High Schools, represent the hopes and dreams of parents desiring that their children have a better life. Just last week, Democratic Mayor Bill De Blasio released a plan to fundamentally upend the way these schools operate, especially as they relate to its most frequented minority group: Asian-Americans.
De Blasio's plan would eliminate NYC's Specialized High Schools Admissions Test (SHSAT), and replace it with a requirement that the top seven percent of every middle school in NYC be admitted to a Specialized High School – thus exchanging a fundamentally standardized, meritocratic applications process for one predicated on demographics. This approach would heavily favor minorities in low-performing schools (which trend black and Hispanic) over those in high performing schools (which trend Asian). His plan would also reserve 20 percent of seats for schools in "high-poverty" areas.
The proposal came about as a reaction to what De Blasio perceived as a "racial bias" to the SHSAT, although this time the racial bias doesn't have to do with white people, but that of another minority.
As of 2018, Asian-Americans make up approximately 52 percent of the composition of these Specialized High Schools. Asian-Americans tend to be more educationally competitive at the high school level than even whites – the average score of an Asian-American on the SAT is about 63 total points higher than the average score of a white American, and about 240 total points higher than the average score of a black American.
Contrary to popular belief, however, this does not mean that Asian-Americans are "robots" weaned at birth to take tests. Yet, these stereotypes often fuel the great hurdles that Asian-Americans must overcome in getting the equal treatment they deserve, especially in the realm of public education. Specialized Schools Chancellor Richard Garranza, who championed de Blasio's proposal, inflamed these frustrations when he said, in reference to Asians, "I just don't buy the narrative that one ethnic group owns admission to these schools."
That comment did not wash over well with many in NYC's Asian-American community. "[De Blasio] never had this problem when Stuyvesant (High School) was all white," said Kenneth Chiu of the NYC Asian Democratic Club. "He never had this problem when Stuyvesant was all Jewish."
Indeed, de Blasio's new plan to switch the admissions policy to the top seven percent of all NYC high schools, and reserve 20 percent of the slots to favor other minorities, is a thinly veiled shot at Asian-American excellence in America today. Asian families, many of whom are poor immigrants living in Chinatown, prepare their children years in advance to secure a spot at a better high school than their socioeconomic status would otherwise dictate. De Blasio's plan would penalize these competitive Asian students just because they're around other competitive Asian students who have similar dreams.
Perhaps the most deplorable thing about this plan, however, is the way it would introduce the unhealthy morass of racial identity politics into the Specialized Schools' standards for excellence above all else. In fact, a similar racially charged plan – a top ten-percent rule for Texas Colleges – was implemented in 1997, and the schools' reputations suffered as a result. University of Texas-Austin's graduation rates have stayed frustratingly low; so have its average SAT scores, which impact rankings. The schools must spend millions of dollars to build the proper support network to help underachieving students succeed, bloating the administrative staff and increasing tuition – all while perfectly acceptable alternatives such as community colleges and 2-year programs exist (and work).
When the reputability of an institution declines because of diversity quotas, funds decrease, teachers leave, and no one wins. Asian-Americans are not only fighting for their rights, but also for the commitment to excellence we all want our schools to maintain.
Of course, persistent racial gaps in educational achievement are concerning, but these gaps need to be dealt with at the elementary and middle school level, where the gaps begin to form, rather than the high school level, where the gaps are more or less permanent. The Specialized Schools represent the aspirations of many New Yorkers, but they do not, and cannot, represent the solutions to persistently low black and Hispanic educational achievement. As prominent Asian-American politician Grace Meng (D-NY) argues, "Instead of focusing on comprehensive reform in one effort, the mayor's legislative push concerning how eight well-performing schools operate isn't a serious policy proposal; it's a headline."
Not only does de Blasio's plan target a specific racial group to the point of discrimination, it is an affront to meritocracy itself, attempting to turn NYC's stellar Specialized Schools into the arbiters of his own brand of social justice. The answer to educational racial gaps is not the racial identity politics of de Blasio's latest proposal. We should all stand against the Mayor's politicization of excellence.
Kenny Xu is a North Carolina-based journalist and author of the new book "An Inconvenient Minority: The Ivy League Admissions Cases and the Attack on Asian-American Excellence." He is the president of Color Us United.
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We freely redistribute quality, fresh surplus food from Wellington's eateries directly to those in need of it. Everyone is welcome.
The Free Store first operated out of a surplus retail space on Wellington's iconic Cuba Street. Soon we were asked to move on. With zero money to lease an inner-city commercial space we had to get very creative. We set out to convert a rusty old 20-ft shipping container into a beautiful purpose-built store.
It is a travesty that people in our neighbourhood go hungry when there is perfectly edible food that is wasted. The Free Store ensures that our inner-city dwelling friends have access to quality food where cost isn't a barrier. No questions asked and no strings attached. Anyone is welcome to partake in the bounty. The Free Store is an inclusive space built on a foundation of mutual respect, generosity and friendship.
items of fresh quality food redistributed annually. That's over $2.6 million dollars worth of food!
The Free Store is a grassroots volunteer-driven initiative. Our amazing team contribute a combine 9,500 volunteer hours every year! While it is a simple concept many hands are needed for smooth sailing each day. Volunteering is accessible, simple and flexible. You can choose when and how often you volunteer. And that might change week to week or month to month. That's fine by us!


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April 2, 2021 by admin_adl Theft Crimes
Home | Theft Crimes | California Penal Code Section 487 (PC 487): Grand Theft
Definition and Aspects of Grand Theft:
Most citizens are aware that stealing is against the law; however, it's not just the actions but the value of the goods taken that define the punishment and charges. Grand Theft, or California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), is the action of taking someone else's property over the value of $950.00. Grand Theft (PC 487) is a misdemeanor or potentially felony-level offense and could be punished with expensive fines and even time spent in jail.
While the value of the items repossessed needs to be over $950, there are other circumstances that determine the type of Grand Theft and the legal repercussions associated with it.
Lastly, there are four types of Grand Thefts under California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), and while they are distinct in nature, the Jury or a Judge does not have to agree on which type of Grand Theft has been committed. All the Jury has to decide is if the Defendant took possession of another's property over $950 in value in one of the four ways.
Grand Theft by Larceny:
Larceny is referring to the act of taking another person's tangible property or more commonly known as theft. The elements of Grand Theft (PC 487) by Larceny are:
The Defendant took possession of another's property
The Defendant did not have permission from the Owner
At the time of the incident, the Defendant either:
Intended to deprive the Owner of the property indefinitely
Intended to deprive the Owner long enough that it would lessen the value of the property
Or the Defendant moved the property for a period of time
For the last point, under California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), the distance which the Defendant has moved the property is unimportant, and there is no set period of time. If the Owner of the item did not know or give permission, it could be charged as a Grand Theft by Larceny.
Grand Theft by Larceny is often charged for shoplifting cases if the value of the goods taken exceeds $950.
Grand Theft by False Pretense:
Under California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), this is what is defined as Grand Theft by False Pretense:
The Defendant intentionally and knowingly deceived another by distributing false information
The Defendant acted in order to persuade the other for their possessions
The Owner of the item relied on the Defendant's untrue words and allowed the Defendant possession of their property
For the purposes of this statute, a false pretense is defined as a debatable idea or something that needs further explanation. If the Defendant intended to deceive the Owner of the property by saying something he/she knew to be false, failing to provide adequate information he/she is liable to provide or made promises the Defendant never intended to keep, it would be a Grand Theft by False Pretense.
In order to be charged with this crime, the Owner actually needs to hand over his/her possession to the Defendant willingly, relying on the false information they received. However, the lie does not have to be the sole reason the Defendant gains access to someone else's property.
In order to prosecute someone for Grand Theft by False Pretense (PC 487), the Prosecution has to prove the below:
A fake document or 'false token' of a contract by the Defendant
A contract or written document that is signed or written by the Defendant
Witness testimonies of at least two witnesses or one witness testimony and additional evidence
The reason why California courts require the Prosecution to obtain physical information is to defend people from false accusations on valid contracts. If someone decides to hand over ownership of an object but later changes his/her mind and tries to sue the Defendant to regain possession, this evidence can protect the accused party. To ensure there is no foul play involved, California Penal Code 487 (PC 487) requires two witnesses to testify against the Defendant in order to avoid false convictions.
Grand Theft by Trick:
Grand Theft by Trick (PC 487) is another form of Grand Theft. By definition, this is characterized as:
The Defendant took possession of an item that someone else owned
The Defendant deceived or used fraud to trick the Owner into taking possession of that item
The Defendant had the intent of depriving the Owner of the property permanently or for an extended period of time where it loses from its value
The Owner did not intend to give away ownership of the property
By definition, Grand Theft by Trick is quite closely related to Grand Theft by False Pretense, with the main difference being that for a Grand Theft by Trick, the Owner allows the Defendant to take possession of the property, but does not have the intention of letting him/her take ownership of it. While with Grand Theft by False Pretense, the Defendant is allowed to take possession and sometimes even ownership of the item.
Theft by Embezzlement:
Lastly, Grand Theft can be committed by Embezzlement. By definition, this is when:
The Defendant was entrusted with a property by the Owner
The Defendant then used that property to benefit himself/herself
Or with the intent of depriving the Owner of the property permanently or temporarily
If the Defendant is trusted with taking possession of an item and misuses it for his/her own personal gains, even if he/she returns the item later, he/she could be charged with Embezzlement.
Criminal Offenses Related to Grand Theft:
Similar or related offenses to California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), Grand Theft:
Robbery – California Penal Code 211 (PC 211)
Petty Theft – California Penal Code 484 (PC 484)
Petty Theft with a Prior Conviction – California Penal Code 666 (PC 666)
Grand Theft Auto – California Vehicle Code 487 (VC 10851)
Examples of Grand Theft:
A woman wants to prank a new coworker and decides to hide the other person's designer purse in the supply closet without telling anyone. The new coworker cannot find her bag for days, and since she does not bump into the prankster for a couple of days, the woman forgets. While all along she had the intention of returning the coworker's property, she could be charged with California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), Grand Theft by Larceny, as the item was moved without the Owner's knowledge or permission for an extended amount of time.
An example of a Grand Theft by Trick would be if the woman from the above example told the coworker that she would hold onto her designer purse while she's out of town. However, the woman decides to sell the purse and spend the money for her own benefit. While in this scenario, the coworker handed over her belongings willingly, she had no intention of transferring ownership of the item. The woman lied to her coworker in order to gain possession of her object, and she could be charged with California Penal Code 487 (PC 487).
A man tells his girlfriend that since he has a higher credit score, she could sign over her house to him and so they could pay a lower monthly mortgage rate. The woman willingly signs over the title to her house to her boyfriend, who has no intention of making payments and instead decides to resell the house for his own profit. This could be an extreme example of Grand Theft by Embezzlement, and the man could face serious charges.
Defenses for Grand Theft:
One of the possible defenses is arguing lack of intent. If the Defendant did not have the intention of stealing, technically, it would not constitute as a Grand Theft under California Penal Code 487 (PC 487). As an example, if the Defendant accidentally hung onto a property without the knowledge of its presence or the intention of taking possession of it, it would not fall under Grand Theft.
If the Defendant had legal rights to a property and obtained it through a legitimate claim, then technically, the item belongs to the Defendant. Arguing this would mean it does not constitute as a Grand Theft (PC 487).
Lastly, false accusations are not unheard of. If the Defendant had legal ownership of a property, but someone falsely accused him/her, an experienced defense attorney could aid to clear the Defendant's name and get the charges dismissed.
Consequences and Penalty for Grand Theft:
California Penal Code 487 (PC 487) is a wobbler offense, meaning it could be charged as either a misdemeanor or as a felony depending on the details of the crime and the history of the Defendant.
If the Defendant is charged with a misdemeanor, he/she is facing a jail sentence of up to one year.
If California Penal Code 487 (PC 487) is charged as a felony, the punishment is felony probation for up to one year and 16 months – 3 years in county jail.
If the Grand Theft involved a firearm, the offense is automatically escalated to a felony, and the possible sentence increases to 16 months – 3 years in state prison. This is also counted as a 'strike' on the Defendant's record.
Additionally, there are other factors that can add to the penalty faced by the Defendant, depending on the value of the property taken. If the item was worth $65,000 or more, one additional year of jail or prison sentence can be added. If the property was worth $3,200,000, four years of additional sentencing can be tacked on.
Grand Theft, under California Penal Code 487 (PC 487), is a misdemeanor offense that can result in jail time and in certain cases, increase to a more serious felony charge. It is essential that if you or someone you know is charged with Grand Theft, you contact an expert attorney as soon as possible.
For an experienced attorney on your side, Action Lavitch from Action Defense Lawyers is available 24/7 at (747) DEFEND U or (747) 333-3638. With a proven track record of larceny related cases and speaking both English and Spanish, Action Lavitch and the team from Action Defense Lawyers provide skilled legal representation and professional advice. Having an above 90% success rate for clients, Action Defense Lawyers is the go-to for those charged with California Penal Code Section 487 (PC 487), Grand Theft. Book a free consultation today.
Theft CrimesMarch 2, 2021
Definition and Aspects of Welfare Fraud:Under California Welfare and Institutions Code 10980 (W&I 10980), any act of obtaining governmental welfare benefits by submitting false data,...


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Viacom International Media Networks has strengthened its partnership with Televisa by signing a five-year programming deal with the Mexican broadcaster.
The deal includes distribution rights for hit Nickelodeon IPs including SpongeBob SquarePants, Fairly Odd Parents, Kung Fu Panda, Fanboy & Chum Chum, Big Time Rush, iCarly, and Supah Ninjas.
Coinciding with the deal, Televisa has renewed new seasons of Nickelodeon's Penguins of Madagascar, SpongeBob SquarePants, Drake & Josh and iCarly.
The move comes after January deal that saw Nickelodeon and Televisa order 80 episodes of a new series based on an original one-hour US adaptation of the Mexican telenovela, Reach for a Star.


text:
Львівське регіональне суспільно-культурне товариство «Надсяння» — товариство українців, переселених з етнічних українських земель з регіону Надсяння (теперішня Польща). Члени Товариства беруть участь у громадських і релігійних заходах, спрямованих на розвиток українства у Надсянні, а такуж у культурному у житті Львівщини.

Дата заснування: 10 листопада 1989 року.

      Львівське регіональне суспільно-культурне товариство «Надсяння» є неприбутковою організацією, яка керується Статутом.

      Згідно Статуту, кошти створюються за рахунок членських внесків, доброчинних внесків, пожертв, дарунків від ГО та громадян.

      Керівні функції в товаристві здійснюються на громадських засадах.

                  Голова товариства:

1989 - 2017 роки – Середа Володимир Миколайович 02.12.1934 р.н.

2018 – дотепер -  Риботицька Соломія Володимирівна 30.10.1974 р.н.

Історія
Установчі збори товариства відбулися 10 листопада 1989 року, у Львові, у Пороховій вежі.

Ініціатива створення у Львові громадської організації, яка би об'єднувала уродженців Перемищини, Ярославщини, всього Надсяння виникла  влітку 1999 року під час виставки у Львові робіт колишнього матуриста  Ярославської  української гімназії, відомого в повоєнній Польщі художника українського походження Тирса Венгриновича.Серед ініціаторів створення — доцент Львівської консерваторії Любомира Яросевич (Мелех), Дарія Саєнко (Вергун), Марта Братун, скульптор Петро Дзиндра, Дмитро Лопачак, Роман Кудлик та інші. Установчі збори проводилися під егідою Українського фонду культури, Львівським відділенням якого керував український скульптор Емануїл Мисько. На установчі збори зібрались 47 осіб. На зборах були від Українського фонду культури  - відомий архітектор Роман Липка (голова Львівської обласної організації Спілки архітекторів України), який головував, від Меморіалу - археолог Лариса Крушельницька, від Спілки письменників України – поет Роман Кудлик.

Товариство отримало назву "Надсяння".

На хвилі національно-демократичного піднесення в кінці 80-х років минулого століття в Україні виникли Товариство української мови,  Меморіал, відродилася діяльність НТШ та «Просвіти». На перших порах в цьому руслі діяв також Український фонд культури. Обласне відділення УФК, власне, і стало «хресним батьком» Львівського регіонального суспільно-культурного товариства «Надсяння».

Володимир Середа був обраний головою товариства до 2018 року..

       Осередки товариства «Надсяння» крім Львова діють також у Винниках, Самборі, Рудках, Чишках, Городку, Дрогобичі, Мостиськах, Ходорові.

В Статуті вказувалися такі основні завдання та напрямки діяльності товариства «Надсяння» :

      –  та розвиток культурних надбань українців Надсяння, їх популяризація серед широких кіл громадськості;

      – налагодження систематичних зв'язків з українськими громадами Польщі, зокрема Надсяння ( Перемиським відділенням Об'єднання українців Польщі, школами, культурно- освітніми закладами);

      – сприяння відновленню та збереженню пам'яток української архітектури, літератури та мистецтва на території Республіки Польща.

Збори обрали раду товариства, її членами стали Роман Липка, викладачі Володимир Середа, Любомира Яросевич, Дарія Саєнко, Марта Бретун, науковці Лариса Крушельницька, Андрій Гречило, архітектор Мирон Вендзилович, скульптор Петро Дзиндра, поет Роман Кудлик, Андрій Головач; у ревізійну комісію ввійшли І.Фецович, О.Созанський, М.Курчаба. Проведено перше засідання ради товариства, на якому обрано  головою  В.Середу, який впродовж 28-ми років очолював товариство, заступником – Д.Саєнко, секретарем - М. Бретун.

22 лютого 1990 року рада товариства затвердила емблему товариства «Надсяння» авторства   П. Дзиндри.

Товариство «Надсяння» з перших місяців своєї діяльності зайняло гідне місце серед національно-патріотичних організацій Львівщини. Це сприяло росту популярності товариства, швидкому збільшенню його чисельності.                                                               .

      На першій традиційній  надсянській Маланці 13 січня 1990 року  вже зібралось і веселилось біля сотні членів товариства. Традиційні  засівання, колядки, щедрівки, народні пісні, в яких брали участь всі учасники Маланки, справили незабутні враження. В подальшому щорічні святкування Маланки стали популярними  не тільки серед членів товариства «Надсяння», а й серед наших приятелів.

  З перших днів товариства був організований хор "Надсяння" під керівництвом Юліана Балуха. Слід  відзначити  творчу співпрацю колективу хору «Надсяння» з нар. арт. України  С. Степаном,  нар. арт. України В. Ігнатенком, засл. арт. України М. Галій,  засл. арт.України І. Завадською. В репертуар колективу входили  твори українських композиторів М. Вербицького, М. Копка, М. Лисенка, К. Стеценка, Д. Січинського, Є. Козака, А. Кос-Анатольського та інших, обробки народних пісень, стрілецькі пісні, пісні УПА, духовні  твори.

З 2018 року хор діє під керівництвом композитора, кандидата мистецтвознавства Володимира Пасічника.

Хор «Надсяння» бере участь у відзначенні визначних дат, у святкуванні Дня матері, у фестивалі «Пісні незабутого краю» – святі вихідців з Надсяння, Холмщини, Підляшшя, Любачівщини , Західної Бойківщини та Лемківщини.

Вже навесні  1990 року, як дар товариства «Надсяння», для  відновлюваного українського  Меморіалу в Пикуличах  на околиці Перемишля виготовлено бронзову  пам'ятну таблицю «Борцям за волю України», автор Петро Дзиндра.

10 червня 1990 року відбулися  спільно з українською громадою Перемищини перші масові повоєнні урочистості в Пикуличах. Відновлено міжвоєнну українську патріотичну традицію щорічних  походів  вулицями Перемишля до могил      Січових стрільців, вояків Армії УНР та УГА на Пикулицькому військовому цвинтарі. Ця релігійна хода відбувається протягом всіх 30-ти років. 23 червня 2019 року в ході взяло участь понад 500 людей, представників «Закерзоння» з Львівщини та інших областей.

Напередодні , 9 червня 1990 року, вперше за повоєнні роки відбулися  спільні з українцями Перемищини масові урочистості  на відновленій  у селі Млини, що на Ярославщині, могилі  о. Михайла Вербиицького. В 2004 році спільними зусиллями було відкрито Каплицю-Пантеон на могилі О.М.Вербицького. Двічі на рік представники товариства «Надсяння» з представниками влади та українцями з Перемишля вшановують пам'ять О.М.Вербицького, приїжджаючи до Пантеону з молитвою.

17-19 серпня 1992 року – до Світового  з'їзду українців Ярославщини львівське «Надсяння», співорганізатор з'їзду, подарувало місту Ярославу, рідному місту Станіслава Людкевича , меморіальну бронзову таблицю, присвячену композитору; автор скульптор Петро Дзиндра.                                                                                12-14 серпня 1994 року – підготовка та проведення уЛьвові  З'їзду учнів колишньої  Ярославської української  гімназії (1940-1944 р.р.).

Жовтень 1994 року – урочисте відкриття спільно з українцями  Польщі могили-пам'ятника воякам УПА у Грушовичах на Перемищині.

19-20 серпня 1995 року – проведення  З'їзду  колишніх учнів Перемиської української державної чоловічої гімназії та Українського інституту для дівчат у Перемишлі у Львівському університеті ім.І.Франка та в м. Перемишлі.

11 серпня 1996 року – відкриття та посвячення пам'ятника на могилі поета О.Козловського в с. Гребенне (Польща). Архітектор О.Ярема, автор П.Дзиндра.

18-19 серпня  1996 року – масова участь членів товариства в релігійних урочистостях  в Ярославі, присвячених коронації Ярославської  чудотворної  ікони Божої  Матері «МИЛОСЕРДЯ  ДВЕРІ» та відзначенню 400-ліття  Берестейської унії.

Щорічно представники товариства «Надсяння» приїжджають на празник до Храму Преображення Господнього в м.Ярослав. В серпні 2019 року відвідали цвинтар і запалили лампади на могилах похованих Січових Стрільців.

Святкування 2000-річчя християнства 19 серпня 2000 р. за участі львівського і тернопільського товариств «Надсяння» у  Ярославській церкві Преображення Господнього, де проведено   митрополитом Іваном Мартиняком   Богослужіння  а також виконано програму духовної та церковної пісні хором  ім. С.Людкевича зі Львова; наступного дня Митрополит  Іван Мартиняк відслужив у Перемишлі Літургію у катедральному соборі Івана Хрестителя за участі багатьох священиків, численних представників українських громад Польщі, України, інших зарубіжних країн, а також  присутності римо-католицького кліру.

В 1995 році вихідці з села Павлокома віднайшли могилу страшної трагедії 3 березня 1945 року.  і 13 травня 2006 року за ініціативи товариства було   відкрито  Меморіал 366  українцям невинно вбитим3 березня 1945 року  в с.Павлокомі за участі  Президента України Віктора Ющенка та Президента Польщі Леха Качинського.

2 грудня 2007 року – урочисте відкриття меморіальної таблиці на фасаді школи в с. Пискоровичі, присвяченої вшануванню пам'яті масового вбивства місцевих українців.

27 грудня 2015 року - урочисте відкриття  за доброчинні пожертви у Львові пам'ятника видатному українцеві, автору величної мелодії нашого гімну, композитору

о. М.Вербицькому на розгалуженні вулиць Генерала Чупринки, М. Вербицького і С. Бандери. Товариство «Надсяння» на відзначення ювілею  200-річчя з дня народження  славного  сина Надсяння,  композитора  о. М. Вербицького  виступило ініціатором та стало замовником спорудження  йому у Львові  пам'ятника. За підсумками проведеного   відкритого конкурсу  переможцями стали відомі скульптори  - брати В. і А. Сухорські, архітектор  О. Ярема.

      8 лютого  2019 року - «Уклін славетному Людкевичу» за ініціативи товариства відбувся  концерт до 140-річчя від дня народження Станіслава Людкевича у Львівській національній філармонії.

На рахунку львівських надсянців також безпосередня і регулярна   участь у таких заходах:

− Вшанування масових поховань невинно вбитих українців (Павлокома, Пискоровичі, Малковичі,  Лежайськ, Березка, Бахів, Скопів, Сівчина, Добра, Дібча,– Ліски, Явожно).

− Вшанування пам'яті вояків Армії УНР,УГА, і УПА (Пикуличі, Ланьцут, Монастир, Корманичі).

− Релігійні урочистості (Перемишль, Ярослав,  Хотинець, Млини, Явірник Руський, Кобильниця Волоська, КальваріяПацлавська).

− Відвідини місць свого походження.

− Видавнича діяльність.

− Співпраця з Перемиським відділом ОУП та Спілкою українських політв'язнів та репресованих у Польщі.

− Відзначення ювілейних дат, Свята Матері, Шевченківські святкування, традиційні Маланки, зустрічі зі знаними особистостями, віча, пікетування, тощо.

10 листопада 2019 року відбулася урочиста академія «Львівському регіональному суспільно-культурному товариству «Надсяння» - 30 років» у Львівській національній філармонії.

Див. також
 Тернопільське обласне суспільно-культурне товариство «Надсяння»
 Івано-Франківське обласне суспільно-культурне товариство «Надсяння»

Примітки

Посилання
 https://web.archive.org/web/20171024134107/http://nadsyannya.org.ua/
 http://nadsiannia.at.ua/

Культура Львова
Надсяння
Засновані в Україні 1989

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Excited For: Men At Work TV Show on TBS with Buffy Alum
By: Estella Pierce | January 16, 2012 at 6:16 PM EST
We don't watch a ton of TBS shows here, but there's a new comedy that looks exciting. It's called Men at Work, and it's described as a buddy comedy. It'll be a multi-camera show, and it has a pretty amazing cast.
Men At Work stars Danny Masterson (That '70s Show, Yes Man), James Lesure (Las Vegas), Michael Cassidy (The O.C.) and Adam Busch (Buffy the Vampire Slayer). TBS has ordered 10 episodes of the multi-camera comedy from Sony Pictures Television and Fanfare.
Breckin Meyer (Robot Chicken, TNT's Franklin & Bash) created the show, and he is executive-producing it with Fanfare's Jamie Tarses (Happy Endings, TNT's Franklin & Bash, TBS's My Boys) and Julia Franz. Meyer even wrote the pilot, which was directed by Mark Cendrowski (The Big Bang Theory).
There will be at least 10 episodes and it'll premiere on TBS in summer 2012.
Men at Work Plot via press release:
Men at Work follows the misadventures of four buddies who work together at a magazine. Masterson plays the recently dumped Milo, whose friends are determined to help him get back in the game. Lesure is Gibbs, a photographer and successful ladies man. Cassidy plays Tyler, a features writer who brings a dose of style and sophistication to the group. And Busch is Neal, a somewhat nebbish reporter and the only one in the group with a steady girlfriend. Together, the four serve as each other's wingmen as they help each other navigate work, friendship and women.
"Men at Work is an extremely funny adult comedy that mines humor from the unique, occasionally wrong ways men behave and interact as they face the challenges of life in the 21st century," said Michael Wright, executive vice president, head of programming for TBS, TNT and Turner Classic Movies. "We're thrilled to have these guys in our corner."
Tagged: adam busch, breckin meyer, danny masterson, men at work


Olia Mishchenko was born in Kiev, Ukraine and moved to Canada in 1997. She studied architecture and art history at the University of Toronto prior to becoming a practicing artist. Mishchenko's artistic practice is predominantly drawings-based and concerned with built environments. She is also an active member of Terrarea, an art collective engaged in site-specific installations. Mishchenko's work is held in a variety of private and public collections, including: National Gallery of Canada, Art Gallery of Ontario, Oakville Galleries, Agnes Etherington Art Centre at Queen's University, the Doris McCarthy Gallery, and University of Toronto, Scarborough Campus. Mishchenko lives and works in Toronto, where she teaches in the Environmental Design Program at OCADU, and at the Art Gallery of Ontario.


It's that time of year again. The International Food Bloggers Conference is here, and I swear it's like Christmas. I was too excited to sleep last night and everything!
Over the next few days, I'll be meeting fellow food bloggers, chatting with awesome companies, learning about food photography and recipes and writing and more, and sampling some amazing food and wine. It's all of my favorite things combined.
If you're attending, look for me–I'll have samples of my Steampunk Sprinkles for everyone!
Stay tuned for posts about some of the awesome things I see and do, and keep an eye on my Twitter and Instagram throughout the weekend for sneak peeks on what I'm learning (and eating!).
For more information on IFBC, visit foodista.com/ifbc. Hope to see you there!


The Trinity Shimmer Core Vibe has a fantastic look and feel! This vibe features a soft crystal clear jelly sleeve that feels smooth and pliable against your skin, and a jewel-like firm metallic core that stays hard as long as you need it! Adjust the speed of the powerful motor with the simple twist control and indulge in this beautiful design that fills you with pleasure straight to the core! Measurements: 6.88 inch total length. Note: Requires 2 AAA batteries, not included.


text:
package org.apereo.cas.configuration.model.support.oidc;

import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;

/**
 * This is {@link OidcProperties}.
 *
 * @author Misagh Moayyed
 * @since 5.0.0
 */

public class OidcProperties {

    private String issuer = "http://localhost:8080/cas/oidc";
    private int skew = 5;
    private Resource jwksFile = new FileSystemResource("/etc/cas/keystore.jwks");
    private String idTokenSigningAlgs = "RS256";

    public String getIssuer() {
        return issuer;
    }

    public void setIssuer(final String issuer) {
        this.issuer = issuer;
    }

    public int getSkew() {
        return skew;
    }

    public void setSkew(final int skew) {
        this.skew = skew;
    }

    public Resource getJwksFile() {
        return jwksFile;
    }

    public void setJwksFile(final Resource jwksFile) {
        this.jwksFile = jwksFile;
    }

    public String getIdTokenSigningAlgs() {
        return idTokenSigningAlgs;
    }

    public void setIdTokenSigningAlgs(final String idTokenSigningAlgs) {
        this.idTokenSigningAlgs = idTokenSigningAlgs;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Ubuntu 15.10 boot issue in virtual box I am running ubuntu 15.10 on Virtual Box.
Today when I reboot it, it didnt boot!
Says:
/dev/sda1: recovering journal
/dev/sda1: clean, some values/some values, etc.

It was getting stuck on this. so i tried booting in recovery mode and in systemd mode.
It booted up but after inserting password there is no desktop. I can't even right click.
I just reached terminal by Ctrl + Alt + F1.
What I tried(According to searches):

clean
  update
  upgrade
  configure dpkg
  and some more regarding packages

And ya. 2 days back while working I got an issue so I switched back to upstart. After that I didn't shutdown my ubuntu, I just suspended it.
Today when I rebooted it gave me this error.
Thinking that it could be an upstart issue I reverted back to systemd again. Now it can boot upto lockscreen but again.. no desktop after inserting password.
I reverted from GDM to lightdm also.
Any help?

A: Fixed! After a lot trials I managed it to work. I reinstalled xserver and nouveau. Though I had also updated Unity to 8 before thinking that it might have corrupted. :P So if anyone is having same issues can do this ;)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
That's A Wrap On TV's Smartest Show-The Big Bang Theory
Filed Under:The Big Bang Theory
Going out with a Big Bang, indeed.
The cast and crew of THE BIG BANG THEORY gathered in Pasadena Wednesday, to celebrate the beloved hit CBS Comedy's record-breaking run at the show's final wrap party.
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA – MAY 01: Jim Parsons attends the Series Finale Party For CBS' "The Big Bang Theory" at The Langham Huntington, Pasadena on May 01, 2019 in Pasadena, California. (Photo by Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)
Jim Parsons: "It's a wonderful, rich, complex, complicated relationship you have with a project like this. it will be a long time if not a lifetime of sorting out exactly what this meant to me."
BURBANK, CA – AUGUST 15: Actors Kunal Nayyar (L) and Simon Helberg appear on the set of "The Big Bang Theory" for a dialogue with members of The Academy of Television Arts and Sciences at Warner Bros. Studios on August 15, 2013 in Burbank, California. (Photo by Kevin Winter/Getty Images)
Simon Helberg: "I mean all of our lives have changed so dramatically and they've changed at the same time at the same speed too, in different ways… it's an unbelievable moment. It's like graduating high school, I think."
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA – MAY 01: Kaley Cuoco attends the Series Finale Party for CBS' "The Big Bang Theory" at The Langham Huntington, Pasadena on May 01, 2019 in Pasadena, California. (Photo by Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)
Kaley Cuoco: "I feel like we wrapped up the show in a bow, I couldn't ask for more, there's no stone unturned, the finale is phenomenal."
PASADENA, CALIFORNIA – MAY 01: Bob Newhart and Johnny Galecki (R) attend the Series Finale Party for CBS' "The Big Bang Theory" at The Langham Huntington, Pasadena on May 01, 2019 in Pasadena, California. (Photo by Alberto E. Rodriguez/Getty Images)
Johnny Galecki: "It's been a massive chapter of my life, you know… these friends are, god, the words colleagues or co-workers don't even occur to me and I mean all the people there all 200 people there… it's bettered me in many ways."
SANTA MONICA, CA – JANUARY 13: (L-R) Kunal Nayyar, Mayim Bialik, Melissa Rauch, Jim Parsons, Simon Helberg, Kaley Cuoco, and Johnny Galecki present the Creative Achievement Award onstage during the 24th annual Critics' Choice Awards at Barker Hangar on January 13, 2019 in Santa Monica, California. (Photo by Matt Winkelmeyer/Getty Images)
Tonight, THE BIG BANG THEORY officially becomes the longest-running multi-camera sitcom of all time. Don't miss tonight's all-new episode at 8pm, only on CBS.
© 2019 CBS Broadcasting Inc. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.