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Amazon Music vs Spotify
By Staff Writer	 March 1, 2019 No Comments
As the world becomes increasingly digital, so does music. You likely own more MP3 files than CDs, tapes, or records these days!
Of course, as CD players phase out of laptops and car stereos, most music-lovers transition to streaming. But what streaming platform should you choose?
Spotify is certainly among the longest-running music streaming services – as it launched in October 2008 – and many people are familiar with it as a platform.
However, Amazon has been selling MP3s for years, and, in 2016, the company entered the ring to compete with Spotify via its Amazon Prime Music and Amazon Music Unlimited services.
The question remains: which music streaming platform is better?
It's time for an Amazon Music vs. Spotify competition! Both allow you to listen to music, and both offer a 30-day free trial, so what makes one stand out over the other?
Here we've laid out the pros and cons of Amazon Prime Music vs. Spotify, so you can pick the music streaming service that's best for you!
1 What is Amazon Music?
1.1 Pros
1.2 Cons
2 What is Spotify?
3 Amazon Music vs Spotify: Smart Home Integration
4 Amazon Music vs Spotify: Which is Best?
What is Amazon Music?
Let's begin this Amazon Music Unlimited vs. Spotify debate with a look at the relative newcomer to the world of music streaming: Amazon!
Amazon provides two streaming services: Prime Music and Amazon Music Unlimited.
Prime Music offers access to over two million songs and albums, ad-free playlists, and personalized stations to Amazon Prime members.
Amazon Music Unlimited does not require Amazon Prime membership and provides its users with over 50 million songs with on-demand, ad-free music.
Neither of Amazon's music services requires a mobile app, meaning that they can be accessed through an internet platform alone, saving space on your mobile device.
Amazon Prime Music and Amazon Music Unlimited are supported in over 30 countries. Unlike radio stations, Amazon's music streaming is always ad-free, and the 50-million song and album selection of Amazon Music Unlimited is wide enough to fit your unique music tastes!
A major pro of Amazon Music is that it is convenient if you already use Amazon's other services – which most people do!
An Amazon Prime membership gives you access to Prime Music for free, as well as to a discounted cost per month for Amazon Music Unlimited, as detailed below.
Both services allow you to access hand-curated playlists, designed by music experts at Amazon to appeal to a wide variety of music lovers. You can also create personal playlists and download songs to play while you're offline.
Amazon Music has an account library limit of 100,000 songs – much larger than other music streaming services! It allows you to play unlimited songs offline on up to 10 devices.
Amazon Music can be accessed via your Amazon Alexa home assistant device, including voice commands for playback.
For example, if you ask Alexa to "Play music for a birthday party," the device will call up a playlist with the appropriate theme!
Unlike others of its kind, Amazon's music streaming services do not support playback of videos. Amazon does, however, have an additional service for video streaming, called Amazon Video.
While some music streaming services offer gapless playback, removing the space between songs, Amazon Music does not offer this function.
The maximum audio quality of Amazon Music is lower than that of other services, at 256 kbps. Its playlist size limits also vary between devices, at as small as 500 songs.
Additionally, while Amazon Music Unlimited's number of available songs and albums is impressive, Prime Music only offers two million songs – far less than competing services.
Amazon Music also has a hard limit on 10 devices that can be registered with your account.
You might find the differences between Prime Music and Amazon Music Unlimited – and the different price tiers of Amazon Music Unlimited – a bit confusing. Other streaming services are more straightforward with their options.
Prime Music is included in an Amazon Prime membership at no additional cost. Amazon Music Unlimited has a cost that varies depending on your membership status.
If you are not an Amazon Prime Member, then Amazon Music Unlimited costs $9.99 per month. If you are a Prime Member, then the Unlimited service costs either $7.99 per month or $79 per year.
Additionally, if you are a Prime Member who owns an Amazon Echo, Amazon Music Unlimited costs only $3.99 per month – much lower than competing streaming companies.
Amazon Music Unlimited also has a family plan, which supports up to six accounts under a single bill of $14.99 per month – or $149 per year. Prime Music does not have a family plan.
This video shows you how to use the Amazon Music app.
Spotify is a well-known, long-time service in the digital music streaming world, providing its users with access to over 35 million songs, as well as to podcasts and videos.
This service was launched in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2008, as a way to combat piracy in the music industry.
Spotify's founders wanted to create a streaming service that would be more user-friendly than piracy, while still compensating musicians for their work.
This concept caught on quickly, and Spotify is now used across the world by 159 million active users. Here are the pros and cons of this service!
Like Amazon Music, Spotify does not require a mobile app to be played – but its app is available on a wide variety of platforms regardless!
Spotify is supported in 65 countries, and can stream video as well as music. These files are played with a maximum audio quality of 320 kbps, higher than Spotify's competitors.
This music streaming service supplies its users with both human-curated and algorithmic playlists, including the Discover Weekly playlist. Discover Weekly provides new songs and mixes every Monday, catering to each user's unique taste.
If you want to create your own playlists, you can; Spotify allows you to put ten thousand songs in a playlist. Spotify also has a gapless playback feature, which – when selected – causes the songs to crossfade into each other, creating a seamless listening experience.
Spotify's rules are much simpler than Amazon's. Either you pay for Spotify Premium, or you use the free version instead!
The ad-supported free version lasts longer than the 30-day trial for Premium, with no end date, ever. It also allows you to access all playlists and share music with friends, just like Premium, though it cannot be used offline, as detailed below.
There are also no device limits to online Spotify use. So, while you're online, you can use your Spotify account on as many different devices as you want or need!
This comes in handy if you want the same music track to play all throughout your house during a party; Spotify will keep the rhythm of every room in sync.
Spotify also has a kind of social media function. When you sign up to Spotify with Facebook, or connect your Facebook account to your already-existing Spotify account, you gain the ability to find and follow your Facebook friends through the music streaming service!
This lets you see what your friends are listening to, and you can also share posts about what you're listening to on Facebook. Spotify understands that music is meant to be shared!
Spotify may have a free version, but that version has ads, and you know how annoying ads can be. That's why we moved on from radio to streaming!
Spotify also has a library limit of ten thousand songs, which is less than its competitors.
Additionally, while Spotify has no device limits while online, when offline, it only allows you to use your account on five devices.
Here's a big plus for Spotify vs. Amazon Music Unlimited: if you sign up by connecting with Facebook or using an email address, you can access its content for free!
The free version is supported by ads, much like a radio station, and can be accessed via your PC, laptop, or mobile phone.
Music on the free plan can be played in shuffle mode and you can skip songs up to six times per hour.
If you want to get rid of the ads, to play or skip whatever song you want, and to access Spotify offline, you can upgrade to Spotify Premium. This costs $9.99 per month.
Another Spotify plan is the Premium for Family option. Here, up to six people living at the same address can access to their own Spotify account, under one bill of $14.99 per month.
Students can also pay at a discounted plan of $4.99 per month.
Here's some more information on Spotify.
Amazon Music vs Spotify: Smart Home Integration
As you might expect, Amazon Music is compatible with your Amazon Alexa smart home device. However, Spotify can be used with Alexa as well!
Both services are compatible with Android Auto and Chromecast. However, while Spotify is compatible with Google Assistant, Amazon Music is not.
While Chromecasting, Spotify puts lyrics of its songs up on-screen. Amazon Music, on the other hand, only allows you to view lyrics in the Amazon Music app.
Amazon Music Unlimited allows you to listen to its songs on any compatible Amazon device, including Fire tablets and Xbox One.
Spotify also has the handy Spotify Connect feature. This enables you to use any one Spotify device or app to control what is currently playing on any other Spotify device or app – no matter its location!
This means that you can use your desktop Spotify app to control Spotify on your Echo or phone, or vice versa. Remember that party from before, with music playing in every room? No matter what room you're in, you can use the nearest device to change the songs!
Amazon recently launched Alexa Cast, which allows you to stream to a variety of Alexa or Bluetooth devices from within the Music Unlimited app. However, this feature is not as flexible or wide-reaching as Spotify Connect.
Amazon Music vs Spotify: Which is Best?
After considering and comparing all of the details about Amazon Music and Spotify, it's clear that both are capable music streaming services.
Amazon and Spotify are companies that both understand their consumers' love of music and desire for unique, varied playlists.
It ultimately comes down to which of these two music streaming services is most accessible and has the widest range of uses. In those categories, Spotify undeniably comes out on top.
Amazon Music is convenient if you are already an Amazon Prime Member, with its already-included Prime Music and discounted rates on Amazon Prime Unlimited.
It also makes logical sense to use Amazon's music service if you already have an Amazon Alexa device, because this is most compatible with that device.
As a bonus, there is an even more discounted rate on Amazon Prime Unlimited for Amazon Alexa users. If you already subscribe to one company, sticking with that company makes sense.
However, Spotify has one thing that Amazon does not have: a free version. As irritating as ads are, not everyone wants or is able to afford an Amazon Prime membership.
Furthermore, not everyone uses Amazon Alexa as their smart home device when there are so many other devices on the market, such as Chromecast and Google Assistant – the latter of which Amazon Music cannot be played on.
Spotify provides an option for kids without an income or adults with a limited income to still listen to all of their music. If you can or want to, you can pay to get rid of the ads, but you do not have to.
Throughout history, music has been a source of unity in the world, and Spotify also enables people to come together through music.
While Amazon Music has a family plan option for six people, just like Spotify, it lacks the social media functionality that Spotify uses to let people share the songs they're currently listening to with their friends and family all across the world.
Spotify may not have its own streaming device, but it doesn't need to. Instead of trying to get you to buy something else, Spotify works with what you, the user, already have and enjoy. This makes it the best streaming service for anyone.
Which service did you decide on based on the Amazon Music vs Spotify debate?
Mar 1, 2019 Staff Writer
Everything You Need To Know About Kodi For iPhone


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Victoria Secret Model Cara Delevingne
Cara Delevingne, known for her modeling and acting career, also has a few less-known facts that help her stand out even more. From her struggles with depression and body image and her ventures into the world of sex toys and her openness about her pansexuality, here are 10 interesting facts about the multitalented Delevingne.
Troubles with Depression and Body Image
Despite her enviable beauty, Cara Delevingne struggled with anxiety and depression over her body throughout her youth. Her body was constantly ridiculed due to her small chest, and began menstruating later than her peers and was referred to as "frigid" and "flat". When she was 15 depression struck her and she had to temporarily quit school. When she spoke to BBC she discussed her time in which she stated, "I hated myself for being depressed, I hated feeling depressed, I hated feelings." However, Delevingne came from a very well-to-do family and everyone believed that she would be happy by default, but they didn't understand her mental state.
Cara Delevingne struggled to understand her sexuality while growing up in a family in which it wasn't discussed. For a time she believed that same-sex marriages to be disgusting and considered herself homophobic. in an interview to The Guardian, Delevingne said, "I know I'm the luckiest girl in the world, I understand all this and I wish I could appreciate it. It's just that there's something dark inside me that I can't shake."
Delevingne considers herself pansexual and falls in love with the person, regardless of gender or gender identity. She said that she may be attracted to non-binary and transgender individuals. In an interview with Variety, Delevingne said, "However an individual identifies, whether it's a 'they', a 'he' or a 'she', I fall in love with the person – and that's what it's about. I'm attracted to the person as such."
In the year 2019, Delevingne got married in Las Vegas to actress Ashley Benson, but they later ended their relationship. She has also been romantically linked to the actress Michelle Rodriguez and singer Miley Cyrus. The public display of Delevingne's sexuality has received both support and criticism.
The Film Industry is facing threats emanating from the Film Industry
Delevingne faced opposition from producers Harvey Weinstein, who threatened her career if she did not hide her orientation and find male partners to be the role of a "cover". But Delevingne refused to listen to Weinstein and continued open about her sexuality and relationship.
Delevingne has a partnership with a toy company for sex and tests the products herself. She's candid and open about her participation in the industry and believes it is an opportunity to spread the message of sexual health and freedom.
Delevingne has a hidden vaginal tunnel in her villa that was given to her from a friend. The tunnel was created by an artist and is an emblem for female power and freedom.
Delevingne recently stepped into the realm of NFTs by making a video of herself dancing in the hidden vaginal tunnel of her house and then selling it as a special digital collectible. It demonstrates her brave and unflinching personality and her determination to explore new avenues and challenge boundaries.
Despite criticisms about her acting ability she has continued to pursue her love of acting. She has been featured in numerous films and television shows, including "Valerian and the City of a Thousand Planets," "Suicide Squad" and "Carnival Row", it's clear that she's not confined by the opinions of others about her talent and abilities, and continues to challenge herself.
Delevingne's story has been an inspiration to many. She's been candid regarding her struggle and her journey to acceptance of herself, and she's a role model for how to be honest with oneself, regardless of what others might think or think. She has spoken out about body positivity and inclusivity and has utilized her platform to speak up for marginalized communities. Her actions show that it's not necessary to have everything figured out and it's okay to be different and unique.
Cara Delevingne began her career as model at the age of 10 when she signed with Storm Model Management. The model quickly gained fame and became among the highest sought-after models in the business, walking for top designers like Burberry, Chanel, and Fendi. She's a model of how you can go from being a model into the status of a brand and also how to make an impression in the fashion world.
Delevingne is also well-known for her charitable work. she has served as a global ambassador for the Women's Cancer Research Fund and actively promotes mental health organizations and charities like The Samaritans and the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Additionally, she has given to groups fighting racism and discrimination.
Delevingne has also been a professional musician. She has released numerous music videos and songs. She also has collaborated with a variety of artists such as Pharrell Williams.
Delevingne has a large following on social media. She's well-known for her candid postings and relatable posts which has allowed her to build a fan base and a loyal following of supporters.
Delevingne has made the transition from a model to an actress and has received praise for her performances in films such as "The Face of an Angel" and "Tulip Fever".

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GOP Missouri Lawmaker Files Revised Marijuana Legalization Bill, Urging Special Session Action To Compete With Ballot Initiative
A Republican Missouri lawmaker has introduced a revised marijuana legalization bill with the hopes that the filing will spur the governor to expand a special session to allow consideration of the emergency reform legislation as an alternative to a cannabis initiative that will appear on the state's November ballot.
Rep. Ron Hicks (R) introduced the "Marijuana Freedom Act" on Wednesday, just one day after the Missouri Supreme Court gave a final ruling on a legal challenge to the activist-led initiative that secured its placement on the ballot.
The bill has been slightly revised since it was introduced and advanced through committee during the regular session earlier this year. One key change is that there's now an emergency clause that references the ballot initiative, making it so the legislation would take effect immediately upon passage.
Gov. Mike Parson (R) recently said that he would not add marijuana legalization to the agenda for the special session convening this week, which currently focuses on tax relief and agriculture issues. However, Hicks said in a press release on Wednesday that "it is my hope that legislative action on my Marijuana Freedom Act will incentivize the governor to support passage of this legislation."
"The governor, along with tens of thousands of Missourians, have expressed that the Amendment 3 campaign is a disaster," he said, referring to the ballot initiative. "Missourians don't want their Constitution used to sustain monopolies in the marijuana market, and they don't want criminal or civil penalties in the Constitution. Passing the Marijuana Freedom Act will ensure that this corrupt initiative is rejected by the voters."
Here's what Hick's revised Marijuana Freedom Act would accomplish:
Possession, home cultivation and licensing
The bill, which was formerly titled the "Cannabis Freedom Act" during the regular session, would remove marijuana from the state's controlled substances list and allow adults 21 and older to purchase and possess cannabis from licensed retailers. There is no personal possession limit.
Adults could also grow up to 12 plants for personal use. Uniquely, adults could "contract" with a licensed grower to cultivate up to 12 plants on their behalf for personal use and also work with licensed processors to produce marijuana products.
The bill has been revised to clarify that personal growers are not "subject to any testing or seed-to-sale tracking requirement" that applies to commercially cultivated cannabis.
The state Department of Health and Senior Services (HSS) would be responsible for regulating the adult-use program and issuing marijuana business licenses, just as it currently does for medical cannabis.
The department would be required to develop rules to issue temporary and annual licenses for cannabis retailers, growers, processors, transporters and wholesale distributors.
Social equity and consumer protections
The measure contains expungement provisions, allowing people with non-violent marijuana convictions over activities made legal under the bill to petition the courts for record clearing. Those currently incarcerated would also be eligible for resentencing, and those on probation or parole would be allowed to use marijuana.
Police would not be allowed to use the odor of marijuana alone to conduct a warrantless search of a person's private property under the legislation. And cannabis could not be used as a factor in family court proceedings.
The bill further stipulates that medical cannabis patient information cannot be shared with federal authorities.
Regulators "shall establish a loan program in which women-owned and minority-owned business enterprises may apply for a small business loan," the bill text says. The loans, which are a new addition to the revised bill, would be funded by 10 percent of revenue from marijuana business license fees, and would carry no interest for two years.
The revised proposal would also create a new chief information officer role who would work to provide public education and technical assistance on the licensing process.
Cannabinoid labeling requirements that were included in the earlier version of the bill have been removed.
Marijuana Moment is tracking more than 1,500 cannabis, psychedelics and drug policy bills in state legislatures and Congress this year. Patreon supporters pledging at least $25/month get access to our interactive maps, charts and hearing calendar so they don't miss any developments.
Taxation, banking and social use
Cannabis purchases would be subject to a six percent tax, which is down from 12 percent in the last version of the bill as introduced but up from the 4.225 percent tax rate that the earlier measure was amended to in a committee vote. The Department of Revenue would handle tax collection and revenue.
Tax dollars that the state generates from the recreational market would be deposited into a "Marijuana Freedom Fund," with revenue first covering the administrative costs of implementing the cannabis program. Remaining revenue would be "divided equally between teachers' salaries, first responders' pensions, and the Missouri veterans commission."
Licensed marijuana businesses would also be able to make tax deductions with the state up to the amount that they'd otherwise be eligible for under federal law if they were operating in a federally legal industry. Cannabis companies across the country are required to pay federal taxes, but they're barred from receiving tax benefits under a provision known as 280E.
People who apply for a Missouri cannabis business licenses and pay the application fee could also deduct that cost if they're ultimately denied licensing.
Hicks's bill also adopts a provision from a separate cannabis bill that would allow for "hospitality permits" so that hotels, bars and restaurants could "sell and serve marijuana or marijuana products in private events or venues."
The previous version of the legislation moved through the committee process during the regular session and was heading to the floor, but House leadership ultimately killed the measure amid disagreements about licensing caps, which the sponsor opposes. The FBI has reportedly been interviewing some lawmakers about lobbying efforts that allegedly worked to kill the bill.
It's not yet clear how leadership will approach the revised measure during this special session, especially given the governor's stated opposition to adding it to the agenda.
Bill Vs. Ballot
While both the legislation and ballot measure would end prohibition and create a system of regulated sales, activists have been divided over the best approach for Missouri. But if the bill is taken up and enacted, it may give voters pause about the need to separately approve legalization at the ballot.
Hick's bill now includes an emergency clause that says "immediate action is necessary to legalize marijuana in a clear and concise manner prior to the November 2022 election." Accordingly, it "is deemed necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health, welfare, peace, and safety, and is hereby declared to be an emergency act within the meaning of the constitution, and section A of this act shall be in full force and effect upon its passage and approval."
The constitutional amendment on the ballot is being championed by activists with Legal Missouri 2022.
A lawsuit filed last month sought to keep the reform proposal off the ballot after it was certified by the secretary of state. But after two lower courts dismissed the challenge, the state Supreme Court on Tuesday delivered the final word that the legal battle is over.
"We are now one step away from passing Amendment 3, which will bring millions in new revenue to Missouri, while allowing law enforcement to concentrate on fighting violent and serious crime," Legal Missouri 2022 Campaign Manager John Payne said in a press release following the ruling.
Here's what the Legal Missouri 2022 initiative would accomplish:
Adults 21 and older could purchase and possess up to three ounces of cannabis.
They could also grow up to six flowering marijuana plants, six immature plants and six clones if they obtain a registration card.
The initiative would impose a six percent tax on recreational cannabis sales and use revenue to facilitate automatic expungements for people with certain non-violent marijuana offenses on their records.
Remaining revenue would go toward veterans' healthcare, substance misuse treatment and the state's public defender system.
The Department of Health and Senior Services would be responsible for regulating the program and issuing licenses for cannabis businesses.
Regulators would be required to issue at least 144 microbusiness licenses through a lottery system, with priority given to low-income applicants and people who have been disproportionately impacted by drug criminalization.
Existing medical marijuana dispensaries would also be first in line to start serving adult consumers with dual licenses.
Regulators could create rules around advertising, but they could not be any more stringent than existing restrictions on alcohol marketing.
Public consumption, driving under the influence of cannabis and underage marijuana use would be explicitly prohibited.
A seed-to-sale tracking system would be established for the marijuana market.
Local jurisdictions would be able to opt out of permitting cannabis microbusinesses or retailers from operating in their area if voters approve the ban at the ballot.
The measure would further codify employment protections for medical cannabis patients.
Medical marijuana cards would be valid for three years at a time, instead of one. And caregivers would be able to serve double the number of patients.
A poll released this week raised questioned about whether the initiative will succeed this November, with a plurality of voters saying they oppose the proposed constitutional amendment.
But the campaign pointed out the the same firm behind the survey previously missed the mark when it found just slim support for a 2018 medical cannabis ballot measure that ultimately passed overwhelmingly. Payne also led that successful medical marijuana legalization campaign.
Not all pro-reform advocates are on board with the adult-use ballot proposal. For example, a key Missouri Democratic lawmaker who chairs the state's Legislative Black Caucus, Rep. Ashley Bland Manlove (D), recently called on voters to reject the legalization initiative.
Meanwhile, state health officials are already taking steps to prepare for voter approval of the legalization measure.
A different campaign, Fair Access Missouri, separately explored multiple citizen initiatives this year with the hopes of getting at least one on the ballot, but did not end up submitting signatures for any of the measures.
Read the text of the Marijuana Freedom Act below:
Small Marijuana Growers Could Sell Directly To Consumers Across State Lines Under New Congressional Bill
Photo courtesy of Max Pixel.
Marijuana Banking Sponsors Step Up Reform Push As Industry Holds Over 100 Lobbying Meetings In Congress This Week
Virginia Lawmakers Approve Bills On Marijuana Sales And 280E Tax Reform


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The Double Standard of Female CEOs Moving Fast and Breaking Things
November 15, 2020 by Charlie O'Donnell
This post is by Charlie O'Donnell from This is going to be BIG
In February of 2017, Susan Fowler's description of the pervasive cultural issues at Uber, after the company's abject failure to address her sexual harassment complaints properly, finally broke through in a way that garnered the tech community's appropriate attention.
The company's bad behavior was nothing new.
Just weeks before, Uber was fined $20 million for recruiting drivers while publicly exaggerating claims of their earnings potential.
Long before that, the company engaged in anti-competitive practices and antagonized critics, especially female journalists like Sarah Lacy, who called out years of the company's toxic issues as early 2014. She was threatened by the company, yet her call for change and her callout of top investors went largely ignored.
Even after Fowler's article came to the forefront and investors Freada and Mitch Kapor broke ranks with their silent co-investors in their now-famous open letter, things didn't get better.
They got worse.
There was what seemed like an endless stream of bombshell announcements for four months:
Alphabet's Waymo unit filed a lawsuit against Uber claiming that a former Waymo employee, Anthony Levandowski, stole secrets related to autonomous vehicle technology.
CEO Travis Kalenick was caught on film arguing with an Uber driver about Uber's new plans to lower fares. "Some people don't like to take responsibility for their own s---. They blame everything in their life on somebody else. Good luck," Kalanick told his driver.
The New York Times revealed that Uber had been using a feature that showed people it suspected to be (Read more...)
Helpful Tips and Mental Models for Strengthening Your Company Culture
257. Investing in First-time Founders, the Evolution of Social, the Future of Big Tech, and the Freedom of Remote Work (Niko Bonatsos)


The ultimate goal of my research is to decipher the wiring diagram that underlies hunger. To achieve this, we employ novel genetic tools and techniques to dissect conserved feeding circuits with the hopes of furthering our understanding of the behaviors that drive humans to obtain food and ultimately how these behaviors can be manipulated to battle human eating afflictions.
Burnett CJ, Li C, Webber E, Tsaousidou E, Xue SY, Brüning JC, Krashes MJ. Hunger-Driven Motivational State Competition. Neuron. 2016;92(1):187-201.
Garfield AS, Li C, Madara JC, Shah BP, Webber E, Steger JS, Campbell JN, Gavrilova O, Lee CE, Olson DP, Elmquist JK, Tannous BA, Krashes MJ, Lowell BB. A neural basis for melanocortin-4 receptor-regulated appetite. Nat Neurosci. 2015;18(6):863-71.
Garfield AS, Shah BP, Burgess CR, Li MM, Li C, Steger JS, Madara JC, Campbell JN, Kroeger D, Scammell TE, Tannous BA, Myers MG Jr, Andermann ML, Krashes MJ, Lowell BB. Dynamic GABAergic afferent modulation of AgRP neurons. Nat Neurosci. 2016;19(12):1628-1635.
Vardy E, Robinson JE, Li C, Olsen RHJ, DiBerto JF, Giguere PM, Sassano FM, Huang XP, Zhu H, Urban DJ, White KL, Rittiner JE, Crowley NA, Pleil KE, Mazzone CM, Mosier PD, Song J, Kash TL, Malanga CJ, Krashes MJ, Roth BL. A New DREADD Facilitates the Multiplexed Chemogenetic Interrogation of Behavior. Neuron. 2015;86(4):936-946.
Krashes MJ, DasGupta S, Vreede A, White B, Armstrong JD, Waddell S. A neural circuit mechanism integrating motivational state with memory expression in Drosophila. Cell. 2009;139(2):416-27.


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The Effects of Smoking on Fertility
Home » The Effects of Smoking on Fertility
In Fertility, Habib
Dr. Chris Habib, ND
Assisted by Naturopathic Medical Graduates Emily Rotella, Maria Wong, Natalia Ytsma, and Sara Mohammed
Butting out the Spark before it has a Chance to Ignite
Cigarette smoke can alter one's ability to not only conceive but to also carry a fetus to term. Smoking has been shown to have significant detrimental effects on many of the organs in the body including the reproductive system. It has the ability to affect fertility through various modes of exposure; first hand, second hand and in utero. Smoking can delay a couple's ability to conceive naturally for more than a year.1 A study published by Reproductive Endocrinology looked into the fertility of all couples that were expected to deliver within a 9-month period to determine if first hand and/or second hand smoke delayed their ability to conceive.2 The study showed the largest decline in fertility among women who smoked and were exposed to second hand smoke. It also found that male smoking was independently linked to infertility, even if they did not expose their partners to second hand smoke. They found that women who smoked had a decreased ability to conceive both naturally, by twenty percent, and through IVF, by thirty three percent.2 However, other investigations have noted up to a sixty percent increase in infertility among women who smoke.3 The study also found little evidence to note a difference in fertility between those who smoked 1 cigarette per day and those who smoked up to 14, illustrating that all exposure has negative consequences to fertility.2
Smoking has been shown to affect fertility through a decrease in ovarian reserve and antimullerian hormone (AMH) and an increase in irregular menses and ovarian insufficiency.1 AMH is only produced in small, growing ovarian follicles and thus blood levels can be an indicator of the number of developing follicles. This hormonal decrease may provide insight into the reasons why female smokers have decreased likelihoods of undergoing successful IVF treatment.4 Decreases in AMH are also seen in women approached menopause and studies have found that women who smoke tend to experience menopause 1-1.5 years earlier.3 Smoking not only impacts one's ability to conceive but also impacts outcomes of pregnancy. It is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, increases in bacterial vaginosis (which is independently linked with an increased miscarriage risk), preterm labour and delivery of infants with low-birth weights.3
Impact on Males
In males, cigarette smoking can result in several alterations in the functionality of reproductive cells and increase in the number of abnormal cells. It has been shown to decrease seminal sperm counts, increase spermatozoal DNA fragmentation and decrease sperm motility.2 Not only can current smoking in males affect fertility, but it has also been demonstrated that in utero exposure to maternal smoking can have significant long-term implications on male fertility.5 Men who were exposed in utero demonstrated a reduction in sperm concentration, total sperm count, motility, normal morphology, and testis size.5 Moreover, these alterations in semen quantity, quality and testicular size were not noted in those exposed in childhood but not in utero.5 Thus it is of significant importance to advise female smokers that it may not only have a detrimental effect on their personal fertility but also a generational effect on the fertility of their sons.
The Sooner you Quit the Better
There is hope for the fertility of smokers through cessation. It has been demonstrated that the adverse effects of smoking on female fertility is largely reversible. This is notable by comparing the conception rates of ex-smokers with never smokers, which is fundamentally comparable and also through noting that IVF rates are not reduced in ex-smokers.2 However, there is a permanent detrimental effect of cigarette smoking on ovarian follicular depletion as seen via the reduction of AMH.2 Improvements in male fertility are also seen post smoking cessation. Semen analysis of men 3 months after quitting smoking showed an improvement in sperm concentration and sperm vitality. However no changes were observed in sperm morphology and DNA fragmentation.6 Therefore, it would be most beneficial to educate both men and women about the harmful effects of cigarette smoke on their fertility both in the short term and long term.
Chris Habib, BSc, ND, is an evidence-based naturopathic doctor with over a decade of education in healthcare. He is the clinic director of the multi-disciplinary clinic Mahaya Forest Hill and the Sales Director of the herbal company Perfect Herbs. Chris is also involved in teaching, research, and publishing. He is a clinic supervisor at the naturopathic college and teaches the board exam preparation course. He is also Associate Editor for the Journal of Restorative Medicine and Naturopathic Currents Magazine.
Alvarez, S. Do some Addictions Interfere with Fertility? Fertility and Sterility. 2015;103(1):22-26.
Hull, M. North, K., Taylor, H. et al. Delayed conception and active and passive smoking. Reproductive Endocrinology. 2000;74(4):725-733.
Augood, C. Duckitt, K. and Templeton, A. Smoking and Female Infertility. Human Reproduction. 1998: 13(6);1532-1539.
Freour, T. Masson, D. Mirallie, S. et al. Active smoking compromises IVF outcome and affects ovarian reserve. Reproductive Biomedicine Online. 2008:16;96-102.
Jensen, T. Jorgensen, N. Punab, M. et al. Association of In Utero Exposure to Maternal Smoking with Reduced Semen Quality and Testis Size in Adulthood: A Cross-Sectional Study of 1,779 Young Men from the General Population in 5 European Countries. American Journal of Epidemiology. 2004:159(1);49-58.
Santos, E. Lopez-Costa, S. and Chenlo, P. Impact of Spontaneous smoking Cessation on Sperm Quality: Case report. Andrologia. 2001:43;43.
Protecting Your Skin This Winter: How to Treat Dry, Itchy or Eczematous Skin
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Nature's Pharmacy- My Top 3 Herbs for Health
Spring Detox: Top 5 Dietary Changes for a Fresh Start
Finding Hope in Naturopathic Treatment for HPV, Cervical Dysplasia and CIN
Slideshow: Herbs That Help You Quit SmokingNatural News
6 Functional Foods for Rheumatoid ArthritisPain Medicine, Sanders


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Business Group on Health: Driving Change Together
For 45 years, we've been powering change as the national voice of large employers on health care issues. Now we're doing some changing ourselves, to better serve YOU, our members.
A new identity for the next era of health care.
For 45 years, we've been powering change as the national voice of large employers on health care issues. Now we're doing some changing ourselves, to better serve YOU, our members. With a new name, a new website and updated content offerings this rebranding marks the next chapter in our story as the most influential employer voice in health care. We're excited to have you with us as we continue Driving Change Together!
A New Global Name
Our evolution from Washington Business Group on Health to National Business Group on Health continues - we are now Business Group on Health (or, as always, the Business Group.) With a member network that spans the globe, we wanted a name that reflects our worldwide reach and that celebrates the diverse body of members and professionals that drive our purpose.
A Brand-New Website
Our re-designed member website was built from the ground up to be a user-friendly resource for your organization. Browsing is more intuitive, and the new search functionality makes finding the information you can use easier than ever before! Our goal is to easily get to you the information you need so that you can identify best practices, leverage industry data and make better decisions. The new website is also designed to get to know you – delivering content aligned to YOUR needs, utilizing past searches, saved resources and favorite topics. And as of today, all content is available to all members.
A Refreshed Look
We've redesigned the Business Group on Health brand with a focus on clarity and usability. Our new logo embodies our role as a forward-thinking, modern ally for our members. As Business Group on Health we have simplified our membership structure under a single organization focused on the needs of all members.
More on the Way
Over the coming months, we'll be introducing even more capabilities to our website, including powerful new community tools that will make it easier to connect with professionals across the globe. Our member community has always been the heart of the Business Group and we are committed to making sure you're getting real value as a part of this community.
Need Help Getting to Know Business Group on Health? Contact us!


A Scotsman goes to the dentist and asks how much it is for a tooth extraction. "$85 for an extraction, Sir" was the Dentist's reply.
"Och, huv yer no got anythin' cheaper" replies the Scotsman getting agitated.
"But that's the normal charge for an extraction, Sir" said the Dentist.
"What about if yer din't use any anaesthetic?" asked the Scotsman hopefully.
"Well it's highly unusual, Sir, but if that's what you want, I suppose I can do it for $70," said the Dentist.
"Hmmmm, what about if yer used one of your dental trainees and still without anaesthetic" said the Scotsman.
"Well it's possible but they are only training and I can't guarantee their level of professionalism, and it'll be a lot more painful. I suppose in that case we can bring the price down to say $40," said the Dentist.
"Och, that's still a bit much. How about if yer make it a trainin' session and have yer student do the extraction and the other students watchin' and learnin" said the Scotsman hopefully.
"Och, now yer talkin' laddie! It's a deal" said the Scotsman. "Can yer confirm an appointment for the wife for next Tuesday?"
Ha ha! I usually see a punchline coming, but that one took me.


You often ask how to care about Felted Wool Slippers that are custom hand made at Wool Walker studio.
Wool Walker wool slippers are handmade from natural 100% lambs wool / sheep wool, so wool slippers do not need washing at all.
Pure Wool is breathable, so it is sufficient to store wool felt house shoes / felt slippers / wool boots in a cool room for the ventilation. Natural Wool has the ability to easily get rid of dirt. Wool felt is an easy-care material – pure wool simply "cleans itself" in the fresh air. Should however the felt become very dirty it can be simply brushed off with a soapy sponge.
If here is a need it is the best way to wash by hands.
Simply clean the exact dirty place of wool slippers with little wet rag or wipe up easily in warm (not hot) water with wool detergent.
Do not put the whole wool slipper in the water. Lightly hand wash the exact dirty places. Lay flat to dry. Do not use the dryer.
Do not use the washing machine!
If any questions, please contact.


We were really excited to stay somewhere where we had access to a hot tub and why we were willing to pay a bit extra. We had all got ready to go in and when we looked the hot tub was filthy. There... Read more.
We were really excited to stay somewhere where we had access to a hot tub and why we were willing to pay a bit extra. We had all got ready to go in and when we looked the hot tub was filthy. There was bits of food, hair and scum floating in the water and the sides were filthy and full of dirt. My son was the only one who dared go in but only for 5 minutes as it was really unpleasant. We were there 2 nights so could have gone in again but we couldn't face it so were really disappointed. The lodge looked great but was still dirty inside. I had to clean toothpaste from the basin and when we put the sofa bed up the matress was full of crumbs, hair and dirt so we had to shake the matress outside. We were unable to cook in the lodge as there were very few pans or cooking implements and there were no glasses or beakers so the children were drinking juice from mugs. We were also unable to access the internet which was disappointing. Overall an expensive couple of nights and a bit disappointing.


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Science Examinations ... Reports, Etc
Calc spar
operation of chloridising roasting. All students in this stage ought to be able to make a sketch of the hand-worked four or five hearth reverberatory furnace required in this question. Q. 11. How would you treat an ore of the following composition for the extraction of the lead it contains ? Galena
50 per cent.
50 per cent. Give the chemical reactions which take place. Only two correct answers. In the majority of the answers it was proposed to flux the calc spar, whereas it should be separated by dressing, and the dressed product then treated in a furnace of the Flintshire type. Q. 12. State the principles and chemical reactions on which the processes
for the extraction of mercury from its ores depend. Great weakness shown in the answers. Instead of a statement of the principles, the process and plant were usually described; the plant given being in every case an obsolete form of furnace and condenser, now only of historic interest. Answers of this character are never awarded marks.
SECTION IV. Q. 14. Describe and make a sketch of a water-jacketed blast furnace for
smelting copper ores. Why are water jackets used ? There were only four good answers to this question, but it was not attempted by many candidates. The modern water jacket furnace is of such great importance and in such extensive use that every student, even in Stage 1, should be acquainted with its form and the principles on which it is constructed, and there can be no valid excuse for the ignorance shown by the candidates from some of the schools in their answers to this question. Q. 15. Describe the process of refining tin. State the changes which
take place in the operations. Several candidates omitted the operation of liquation which is essential before the metal is "boiled" or tossed." Q. 16. Name the common alloys in which zinc is an important, but not
the chief constituent. Give their compositions and industrial
uses.
Some fairly good answers. In the others the compositions given were too often mere guesses, as were also the industrial uses of the alloys.
STAGE 2. Results : 1st Class, 27 ; 2nd Class, 73 ; Failed, 39 ; Total, 139. The number of candidates taking the examination in this stage was considerably greater than last year, 139 papers having been received, as compared with 115 in 1905. The general standard reached was on the whole better than last year,
in fact, many of the answers to questions in this stage were more complete and showed a wider knowledge of the subject tban some in Stage 3. That the identification of samples of ores and metallurgical products still leaves much to be desired will be evident from the fact that typical samples of ganister were frequently described as limestone, galena and cerussite as grey iron, brass as copper, and white iron as copper matte.
Some of the sketches were good, but as a rule they were poor and inaccurate. In not a few instances, the same mistakes occurred in a number of papers from the same school, which indicates either that inaccurate díagrams or faulty text books are einployed for teaching.
In the identification of specimens, also, similar mistakes often occur throughout an entire school. Such mistakes cannot be coincidences, and appear to indicate that a limited number of specimens only are shown the students. It cannot be too strongly impressed upon teachers, that not only should an ample supply of specimens be provided for the students, but they should be afforded facilities for actually handling them.
A striking point revealed by the examination is the ignorance of many of the candidates of the composition of the more common alloys. German silver, in several instances, was described as an alloy of silver and copper ; soft solder as a mixture of lead and zinc or tin and zinc, and ferro-nickel as a steel containing 5 per cent of nickel.
SECTION I. Q. 21. Distinguish between the following metallurgical terms :-(a)
Malleability" and Ductility"; (6) " Forgeability and
Weldability"; (c) Give characteristic examples of each. In most cases this question was answered correctly; a few candidates, however, confused the terms "Forgeability" and "Weldability" and in two instances the candidates thought that an essential feature of welding was that the metals should be cold. Q. 22. How much brown iron ore (2 Fe,O3, 3 H,O) will be required to
convert one ton of a gangue of the following composition into
a mono-silicate slag? Calc Spar (CaCO3)
50 per cent. Quartz
50 Atomic weights : Fe=56, Ca=40, Si=28, C=12. Only three of the 31 candidates who attempted this question obtained a correct result, several lost a few marks for arithmetical errors, but the majority failed to obtain good marks either from their not knowing the general formula for a mono-silicate or from their attempting to produce one with Fe,0, in its composition. Q. 23. Describe, with the aid of sketches, a modern water-bottom gas
producer and give the approximate composition of the gas you
would expect to obtain from it. Forty-two candidates attempted this question, and in a few instances good sketches and descriptions were given, but the majority of the answers were poor. Some candidates thought the producer they described would give a gas mainly composed of either hydrogen or carbon dioxide, while several considered that nitrogen would not enter into its composition at all.
Q. 24. Name and briefly describe the six specimens submitted to you.
Although the specimens were perfectly typical ones, no less than 70 candidates failed to obtain half marks. The specimens, which were of a simple character, were :-Iron Pyrites, Ganister, Blue Metal, Galena and Cerussite, White Iron, and Brass. As was pointed out in last year's Reports, it is still evident that facilities are not afforded the students in many institutions for recognising ores, metallurgical products, and materials. In addition to adequate facilities for handling specimens at schools, the students should be encouraged to make collections of their own. They should also be taught to make rough tests for the hardness of the materials with a pocket knife, then such mistakes as describing ganister as limestons, blue metal as blast furnace slag, and brass as chromium are hardly likely to occur. A small pocket lens would aid the students greatly in identifying specimens.
From the answers given to this question, it is evident that very little attention is given to this important branch of the subject in the majority of schools.
SECTION II. Q. 25. Describe fully, with the aid of sketches, an ordinary Whitwell
hot blast stove. A few good answers were given to this question, but the majority were weak. Some students gave the original form of Whitwell stove, while others described the old pipe stove. Some of the sketches were good.
Q. 26. Give an account of a modern automatic method for charging a
blast furnace smelting iron ores. Make a sketch of the appli
ances.
The same remarks apply to this question as to a similar one set last year. In many cases the ordinary "cup and cone was described as an automatic method for charging a blast furnace. Several candidates from one school described with sketches an ordinary bucket elevator for this purpose. It is hardly possible that a number of mistakes of this nature can be due entirely to the imagination of the students. Q. 27. In what respects does the Thomas-Gilchrist or "basic" process
differ from the Bessemer or "acid " process ? Describe a con
verter used for the basic process. Some really good answers were given by candidates who were evidently well acquainted with modern steel works practice. On the whole this question was well done. Q. 28, Classify the processes employed in the manufacture of steel.
State the principles and chemical reactions on which each is
based. l'his question, like the last, was often well answered and good marks were obtained by many of the candidates who attempted it. The chemical principles and reactions were, however, too frequently omitted.
SECTION III.
Q. 29. Describe and make a sketch plan and elevation of a simple cyanide
plant for the treatment of sands.
Generally speaking, this question was answered in an unsatisfactory
manner; the majority of the sketches were poor and the descriptions
inaccurate. In several instances the strengths given for the cyanide
solutions were quite wrong. A few candidates gave a very good description
of the chemistry of the process.
Q. 30. State the principles and chemical reactions on which the "parting
of gold and silver bullion by sulphuric acid depends. Give an
outline of the operations.
Some of the candidates evidently understood the principles of the process,
and gave the chemical reactions accurately, but others gave details of
methods employed for parting bullion in a laboratory for assaying purposes,
substituting sulphuric acid for the ordinary nitric acid parting mixtures.
The use of white iron vessels for parting was generally omitted.
Q. 31. How would you treat an ore of the following composition, in order
to obtain marketable lead and silver :-
45 Calc Spar
15 Quartz
Silver, 20 ounces per ton. Not well done by the majority of those who attempted this question. everal candidates suggested the concentration of the lead by means of Wilfley, and other concentrators, in spite of the high percentage of cerussite present.
In several cases, where treatment of the ore in a blast furnace was suggested, the addition of iron ore as a flux was omitted. Q. 32. How may the silver in a pyritic silver ore be made soluble in
water and in brine respectively ? How may the silver solutions be treated for the production of the
metal in ingots ?
The students who attempted this question generally gave their answers accurately. In a few instances the Ziervogel process was not given for converting the silver in a pyritic ore into sulphate, and some did not mention the possibility of having to add more pyritic material in order that the roasting should be effective.
SECTION IV. Q. 33. How would you smelt copper refinery slag in order to obtain the
copper it contains ? Explain the chemical changes which take
place by equations. Only attempted by 16 candidates, of whom only seven gave passably good answers. Most of the students preferred to treat the slag in the fourth operation of the Welsh copper process, for the production of "white metal." In only two cases was the possibility of smelting in a blast furnace mentioned. Q. 34. Describe and make a sketch of a modern barrel converter for
Bessemerising, copper regulus. Give a brief account of the
working of a charge. Some good answers. Several candidates described an ordinary vertical converter with bottom tuyères, and lost marks accordingly. Q. 35. State fully the conditions which are essential in distilling zinc ores
in order to obtain the zinc as metal. Why cannot a blast
furnace be used instead of retorts? Many candidates enumerated the essential conditions for the distillation of zinc ores satisfactorily, but they failed to show why it is practically impossible to use a blast furnace instead of retorts. A few only mentioned the facts that both carbon dioxide and air will oxidise volatilised zinc and that the large quantity of escaping gases from a blast furnace would render the condensation of the zinc as metal impossible. Q. 36. Give an account of the physical properties, composition, and chief
uses of the following alloys :-Muntz metal, German silver, soft
solder, and ferro-nickel. Only ten satisfactory answers were given to this question. It is surprising to note that several candidates in this stage had no idea of the compositions of the four simple alloys given in the question : several thought Muntz's metal was composed of copper and tin, while others thought soft solder was composed of lead and zinc.
STAGE 3. Results : 1st Class, 12; 2nd Class, 21 ; Failed, 25; Total, 58. There is an increase of 8 in the number of papers sent ir. as compared with last year, and it is satisfactory to note that there is a marked improvement in the quality of the answers of the candidates generally. The weakest point in all the papers, with two or three exceptions, was the recognition of metallurgical materials (Q. 42). This was deplorably bad, although the specimens were all extremely characteristic, and comprised only materials in every-day occurrence in works. It was even worse than in Stage 2.
In the answers to the other questions, obsolete processes and plant occurred much less frequently than hitherto.
SECTION I. Q. 40. State fully the physical characters and composition which coke
should possess for use in a blast furnace smelting iron ores for
Bessemer pig. The answers as a rule were only moderately good. No mention was made in many papers of ash and phosphorus, and the percentages of carbon given in some can only have been mere guesswork.
Q. 41. How would you proceed to obtain a continuous record of the
variations in temperature of a reverberatory furnace ! Describe the pyrometer you would employ and state how you would
calibrate it. Several good answers, but the majority of candidates can never have seen, and certainly not used, a recording pyrometer.
Attention has been called above to the extremely bad answers to this question.
The following examples will suffice to show the ignorance of some of the candidates :
Copper refinery slag containing shots of copper was variously named copper regulus, tap, cinder, brown hæmatite, tinstone, white cast iron, iron pyrites and mispickel ; while coarse metal was said to be cinnabar, ferromanganese, grey slag from lead smelting, zinc blende, steel furnace slag, tap cinder, magnetite, wolfram, tinstone, &c.
If candidates would only try the hardness of the specimens, as has been already pointed out under Stage 2, most of these glaring mistakes would not be made.
19 candidates recognised only one of the six specimens and 10 failed to recognise any.
SECTION II Q. 43. Describe and make sketches of the lower half of a modern blast
furnace for smelting iron ores, showing two methods of cooling
the boshes. This easy question was attempted by only about one-third of the candidates. There were a few excellent answers, but the others showed a very imperfect acquaintance with the construction of a modern watercooled bosh. Q. 44. Describe the manufacture of steel as carried on in a tilting furnace
by a continuous process. State the chemical changes which take
place from charging to tapping. Generally well answered. Q. 45. How are malleable iron castings produced ? Explain exactly why
the final treatment, to which the castings are subjected, renders
them malleable. The method of preparing malleable iron castings was generally given correctly, but the cause of the malleability was in too many answers attributed solely to the removal of carbon and not to the change of the carbon from the combined to the finely graphitic state.
SECTION III. Q. 47. Give a brief account of the cyanide plant you would erect, and
the treatment you would adopt for the extraction of gold from
an ore, the whole of which has been ground to slimes. Answers very poor ; only 7 candidates out of 30 who attempted the question obtained more than half marks. The treatment of gold ores by the cyanide method and the arrangement of the plant is evidently very imperfectly taught in most schools. The majority of the candidates had no knowledge of either the decantation or the filter press method, and confused the treatment of slimes with that of sands. Impracticable arrangements of the plant were sketched. Some gave ferrous sulphate as the precipitant for the gold. Q. 48. Describe and make a sectional sketch of the lower half of a
modern rectangular water-jacketed furnace for smelting lead ores. How does the hearth differ from that of a copper smelting blast furnace ?


PT. Equityworld Futures – Japanese stocks headed for their lowest close in two months as growing concern over U.K.'s referendum over remaining in the European Union sent investors scrambling to haven assets including the yen.
The slump in Tokyo shares follows a global equity market decline on Friday after a newspaper poll showed the campaign for Britain to exit the E.U. took a 10 percentage-point lead less than two weeks before the country votes in a referendum. Investors are also avoiding risk ahead of central bank meetings in the U.S. and Japan later this week.
The Topix index slumped 2.7 percent to 1,295.41 at the break in Tokyo, on course for its lowest level since April 11. Just 55 shares rose while 1,860 fell. The Nikkei 225 Stock Average lost 2.6 percent to 16,168.48. The yen gained 0.7 percent to 106.21 per dollar.
Kadishub DKI: Uji Coba Ganjil Genap Berlaku untuk Semua Kendaraan, Adil!


text:
Новостародубська волость — історична адміністративно-територіальна одиниця Олександрійського повіту Херсонської губернії.

Станом на 1886 рік складалася з 4 поселень, 4 сільських громад. Населення — 10202 осіб (5152 чоловічої статі та 5050 — жіночої), 1933 дворових господарств.

Найбільші поселення волості:
 Новий Стародуб — містечко при річках Інгулець, Бешка та Овнянка за 21 верст від повітового міста, 2811 осіб, 545 дворів, православна церква, єврейський молитовний будинок, школа, земська станція, 3 лавки та 3 постоялих двори, 4 ярмарки: Георгіївський 23 квітня, Онуфріївський 12 червня, Іллінський 20 червня та Параскопіївський 14 жовтня. За 18 верст — лісова пристань.
 Петрове — село при річці Інгулець, 5357 осіб, 949 дворів, 2 православні церкви, школа, земська станція та 7 лавок, 4 ярмарки: Хрещенський, Покровський, Гаврилівський та Провідний, базари по неділях та святах.
 Чечеліївка — село при річках Інгулець та Верблюжка, 1812 осіб, 386 дворів, православна церква, школа, базари по неділях та святах.

Примітки

Волості Херсонської губернії
Історія Петрівського району

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


My children (now teens) have attended Compass for over 5 years. The offerings are incredible, and the high standards for teachers continue to amaze us. The directors bring in the right people for each class. Stage combat is taught by a professional stage combat actor, the science classes are generally taught by folks with PhDs, an architect teaches architecture, etc. My children have had many opportunities we couldn't have provided for them otherwise, all on one campus.
The directors and staff have their sole focus on providing positive educational opportunities for students. They are mothers who understand kid behavior and strive to make each class a place of learning.
"My children, now teens, have been attending Compass classes for several years. The classes offered are incredible and cover the gamut…everything from foreign languages to fitness, from STEM to art and architecture…classes for kindergarten through high school…and all on one campus. Seriously! With every class in which my children have been enrolled, I've been impressed with the instructors and content covered; I've also been pleased with small class sizes that enable my kids to learn in a group setting while still receiving quality, individual attention.
The director maintains high standards for instructors and works carefully to ensure that parents and students get the most out of their Compass experience. The director and her staff are attentive to the needs of families and are clearly committed to providing a safe and wonderfully expansive educational experience for homeschool families in the northern Virginia area.


text:
The Arbor
The Arbor Review
J. Hoberman May 12, 2011
Precocious playwright Andrea Dunbar (1961-90) spoke for the lumpen abused of her native Bradford, England. The Arbor, video artist Clio Barnard's pitch-perfect Dunbar biopic, named best documentary last year at the Tribeca Film Festival, reprises her pungent, profane voice, but from a discreet distance. Barnard revisits the foredoomed career and tragic afterlife of this slum-born, self-educated writer to electrifying effect, shooting mainly on location in Bradford, with actors lip-synched to actual recordings of the people they portray.
Barnard's reconstruction, like Dunbar's first play, written at 15, is named for the bleak housing estate, where dogs run free on garbage-strewn streets. The playwright grew up here, on "the toughest street in Bradford," born into a life her daughter, Lorraine, characterizes as a tumult of "swearing, cursing and shouting" — and drinking. The Arbor's wasteland provides the alfresco setting for Barnard's restaging of scenes from Dunbar's quasi-autobiographical play, just as it served as backdrop for a mid-'80s TV documentary that, after the success of her screenplay for Rita, Sue and Bob Too!, interviewed the Bradford wunderkind in her natural habitat.
Dunbar had never been out of Yorkshire or inside a theater until The Arbor was staged at London's Royal Court Theater in 1980. Success brought disaster: She returned to Bradford, had two more children out of wedlock and drank up her screenplay money before dying at 29 of a brain hemorrhage on a barroom floor. It's a compelling story, delivered here after the fashion of British "verbatim theater," which takes trial transcripts, diaries and other documents as the basis for factual dramas.
The blurring of reality and representation was essential to Dunbar's work, and cinema allows an additional dimension. Barnard compounds the hall of mirrors, using the text of her plays (staged as plays), with her appearance in earlier documentaries (shown as documentaries) and the oral history provided by her children. Their voices, like those of other witnesses, are given to actors — including George Costigan, once upon a time the randy male lead in Rita, Sue and Bob Too!, who stands in for one of Dunbar's lovers.
As Dunbar's plays recapitulated her life, Lorraine's life might be their sequel. A mulatto child growing up in a virulently racist environment, Lorraine tells us (through the grave, demure person of Manjinder Virk) that she wishes she had never been born. Cut to the Andrea character in The Arbor (Natalie Gavin), standing in the Arbor, insisting that she wants to keep her baby. Midway through, Barnard's Arbor becomes Lorraine's story — a horrendous saga of drugs, abuse, prostitution and prison rendered all the more affecting for its cool, subtly discombobulated delivery. Creating a moment of communication that could never exist, there's a brief cutaway from Lorraine's recollections to the prematurely life-battered Dunbar watching one of her plays in rehearsal, as if looking down from some celestial arbor.
THE ARBOR | Written and directed by CLIO
BARNARD | Strand Releasing | Playhouse, Sunset 5


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"Do you have an itch, Ali Sethi?... Yeah man, I do."
When a journalist attends a creative-writing workshop
No more writing about Karachi, says Kamila
Kamila Shamsie could not resist adding that "I am not a global citizen. I am a Karachi girl who lives in London."
Hira Siddiqui February 06, 2011
KARACHI: Even though she insists that she has stopped writing about Karachi, Kamila Shamsie could not resist adding that "I am not a global citizen. I am a Karachi girl who lives in London".
To stop writing about this city where she grew up was a conscious decision for Shamsie. She felt she needed to let go of the idea that she can only write about places she knew. "I may come back to writing about Karachi again, but for now, I have become rather impatient with the idea of nostalgia."
It was with some difficulty that Shamsie's fans found Scillinas hall, or as the hotel manager called it, "Shinilas". Some of the people gathered at the hall on time so it was only fair when they got a chance to have an informal chat with this author of five novels with another one in progress.
Shamsie was quick to take the podium and chat away with the members of the audience who fired one question after another. "Has it become easier to write after so many novels?" "How do the characters come to her head?" "Does she read Urdu literature?"
"It gets harder over time. Knowing how it's done really doesn't help," replied Shamsie. Her characters are images in her mind that stick around long enough for her to give them a personality. "I have to choose their names very early on to give my characters their personality."
Admitting that she has limited exposure to Urdu literature, Shamsie explained that English has been the main language she spoke, read and wrote.
As soon as Karen Armstrong stopped talking in the ballroom, Ishrat Lindblad, the moderator, walked in. The first time Lindblad came across Shamsie's writing was during a declamation contest at The Lyceum School, where her student read out an excerpt from Kartography. "The description of Karachi was so unlike the apparent ugliness of this city that it brought tears to my eyes."
As far as her relationship with Karachi is concerned, Shamsie said that she has lived through three stages. The first stage was when she lived and grew up in this city. The second was when she went to study in the US but visited the city during winter and summer holidays. It was during these seven years that Shamsie did most of her writings. In the third and present stage, she has moved to London but "Karachi will always be my base".
Lindblad pointed out that a sense of 'loss' is quite apparent in all her novels and Shamsie admitted that it is mainly because of her "laziness". She explained that it is dramatically easy for a character to be longing for a lost one and that is what the characters of the Widow in 'In the City by the Sea' and Mariam Apa in 'Salt and Saffron' are based on. Once she realised that she was persistently using this theme, she decided to stop.
As the floor opened for another Q&A session, Shamsie was forced to pick her favourite book. "It is always the one I have just finished writing or the one I am working on," she said.
Writing and reading, she felt, is a selfish process. When you get down to reading a book, it is just you and the text and the same holds true for a writer. "I am not thinking about the readers, or anyone, when I am writing. It is purely for me." A member of the audience asked her if she felt the need to censor her work given the turbulent situation in the country. "I am not consciously aware of censoring myself but I hope I'm not doing it unconsciously," she said.
Shamsie has started working on her new novel but she declined to give anymore details on it except that "it starts in 500 BC and ends now".
Published in The Express Tribune, February 6th, 2011.
Arsalan Khan | 10 years ago | Reply I certainly don't believe it !
Karachi Literature Festival: 'Book' your seat for this ride
Karachi Literature Festival: Literati leave no page unturned for second year


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Meeting Coverage > EuroPCR
Absorbable Stents Take Spotlight at EuroPCR
by Todd Neale, Senior Staff Writer, MedPage Today May 21, 2013
This article is a collaboration between MedPage Today and:
PARIS -- Whether bioabsorbable scaffolds have anything to add to the already excellent results with metal stents will be the hot topic at this year's EuroPCR meeting here, one of the course directors said.
Unlike when interventional cardiology moved from balloon angioplasty to bare-metal stents or from bare-metal to drug-eluting stents, the need for a move to fully bioabsorbable scaffolds "is not so obvious," according to William Wijns, MD, of the Cardiovascular Center at Onze Lieve Vrouw Ziekenhuis in Aalst, Belgium.
The advantage of a fully bioabsorbable scaffold is that it disappears after a year or two, which patients like, but the question remains: Are the results achieved comparable with those with metallic stents?
"The community is in the middle of trying to find out where is the added value; what are the patient and lesion subsets that will benefit from this compared with metallic stents," Wijns said.
At the recent meeting of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI), Charles Chambers, MD, president-elect of the society and director of the cardiac catheterization laboratory at Penn State Hershey Medical Center in Hershey, Pa., said that bioabsorbable stents are of great interest to interventional cardiologists.
"These are stents that will be the next generation that hopefully will have less [of the] issues...we've always been concerned about with bare-metal and drug-eluting stents," Chambers said in an interview.
Several sessions throughout the meeting will focus on the issue, including one of the "Great Debates" occurring on the first day of the meeting.
Of particular interest, Wijns said, is one of the late-breaking clinical trial presentations that will include the 6-month clinical and imaging results from the pivotal DESolve Nx trial, which evaluated the DESolve novolimus-eluting bioresorbable coronary scaffold system, which recently was approved for use in Europe.
"I'm really keen on seeing what comes out of this trial," Wijns said.
Two other trials at the late-breaking clinical trial session will deal with the everolimus-eluting PROMUS Element stent and the Orsiro stent, which is a metal stent covered with a bioabsorbable polymer that releases a limus drug.
Both stents are commercially available, and the results of the trials are expected to give more clinical validation to their use, Wijns said.
Something introduced last year that will be repeated at this year's meeting is the inclusion of brief looks at ongoing or planned trials that are expected to yield important, potentially practice-changing results in the future. Exposing attendees to the trials early on might encourage participation if they are asked, Wijns said.
Two of the ongoing trials are evaluating bivalirudin:
EUROMAX: A randomized trial of bivalirudin in the ambulance for patients transferred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
HEAT-PPCI: A trial comparing unfractionated heparin with bivalirudin in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction planned for primary PCI
Although those trials are not yet reporting results, the value of bivalirudin will also be explored in a presentation from the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR) in which bivalirudin is compared with heparin in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes undergoing PCI.
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been receiving increased interest in recent years as well, Wijns said.
The major TAVI topics that will be covered at this year's meeting are the expansion of the procedure to lower-risk patients and the evaluation of emerging technologies.
Renal denervation for resistant hypertension is another topic in which interventional cardiologists are interested, Wijns said, although its effect on clinical events remains unclear as the field awaits results from the EnligHTN trial, which is powered to detect differences in rates of cardiovascular outcomes.
CORRECTION: This article, which was originally published on May 20 at 10:13 a.m., has been corrected.


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Assembly to Vote on Farmworker Overtime Bill After Protest
Katie Orr
United Farmworkers President Arturo Rodriguez (L, arms raised) and Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon (C) emerge after meeting about AB 1066 on Thursday, Aug. 25, 2016. (Katie Orr/KQED)
Hundreds of California farmworkers filled the hall in front of Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon's office and spilled into the Capitol rotunda. They chanted and sang in protest after a bill they had traveled to Sacramento to support failed to get a vote in the Assembly.
AB 1066 would allow workers to be paid overtime after they work eight hours a day or 40 hours a week. Right now they must work 10 hours a day or 60 hours a week to get extra pay. The bill faces tough opposition. Supporters knew it could be close, but they were shocked when it wasn't even put up for a vote after Assembly leaders were unsure whether it had the 41 votes needed to pass.
After the Assembly adjourned for the rest of the week, the farmworkers gathered near Rendon's office. United Farm Workers President Arturo Rodriguez insisted the votes were there.
'We did not take a vote today. We will take a vote next week.' Assembly Speaker Anthony Rendon
"We believe we do have the 41 votes necessary to win this," he said. "The farmworkers have been visiting and going out and talking to members of the state Assembly all throughout the state now for weeks."
In search of answers, Rodriguez and other representatives met with Rendon (D-Paramount). After awhile the group emerged. Flanked by lawmakers, including the bill's author, Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez (D-San Diego), Rendon reassured the crowd their bill would get a vote.
"I know a lot of people came here, you took time off from work, you missed out on a day of pay, because you understand how significant this issue is to you, to your families and to all Californians," he said. "We did not take a vote today. We will take a vote next week."
Rendon said the bill will come up on Monday -- and he implored the farmworkers to help him get it passed.
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Main Discussion Board »
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button up your overcoat - cold on the way
Author Topic: button up your overcoat - cold on the way (Read 949 times)
thaiga
Thailand braces for 'cold' season starting on Saturday
Thailand is officially entering its cold season on Saturday but the southern region is will remain battered by rain at least until Friday.
The Meteorological Department on Wednesday announced that Saturday will mark the official start of cold season, which will continue until mid-February. Temperatures will drop sharply in the second half of December and remain cool to the end of January, it added.
Rainfall will subside in most parts of the country through the coming weekend, with downpours expected in Prachuap Khirikhan and all southern provinces until Friday, the weather agency said.
Forecaster Prapaporn Wongsaming warned of heavy rain and possible flash floods in all six provinces on the Andaman coast -- Ranong, Phangnga, Phuket, Krabi, Trang and Satun -- on Friday.
bangkokpost.com
Anyone who goes to a psychiatrist should have his head examined.
Re: button up your overcoat - Tourists flock to Hin Chang Si in Khon Kaen
Tourists flock to Hin Chang Si in Khon Kaen
The Nam Phong National Park is prepared for a spike in tourism at Hin Chang Si or Elephant-Rubbing Rock in Khon Kaen as a result of the late October surge in colder weather.
The Nam Phong National Park Superintendent said today that a large number of visitors from Khon Kaen and neighboring provinces spend their holidays at the Hin Chang Si viewpoint, Ban Fang district, Khon Kaen, to admire the spectacular scenery and enjoy being near Ubonrat dam.
The Pha Muen viewpoint is also a popular tourist destination. Meanwhile, the Dtawun Lup Fah cliff has undergone landscaping for photographers and couples. A wood ladder has been attached to a stone bridge for tourists to reveal the large boulder and the view of Khon Kaen. Tourist numbers have been on the rise since the landscaping of Hin Chang Si six months ago. A tent area has been provided and can accommodate more than 100 visitors.
thainews.prd.go.th
Re: button up your overcoat - Cooler weather moves in
Cooler weather moves in
The first breath of winter is being felt in many provinces, with temperatures dropping and cool, breezy days in the northern half of the country, including Bangkok, and the weatherman forecasting a further fall of 1-3°C.
In the Northeast, the mercury fell to 19°C in Nakhon Phanom on Wednesday morning.
In the North, Doi Ang Khang, in the mountainous district of Fang in Chiang Mai, recorded 15°C.
The Meteorological Department said the capital will experience "windy" weather with a continual drop in temperatures of up to 2°C, and a further one-notch down in the North and Northeast.
"People should take care of their health due to the weather change," the statement said.
But the colder weather also means a happy time for traveling.
Nakhon Phanom governor Siam Sirimongkhon invited tourists to visit to his province under sunny skies and enjoy the scenic views along the Mekong River.
The Meteorological Department also said on Wednesday that tropical storm Yutu is moving westward from the Philippines and is expected to disperse in the upper South China Sea, and will not affect Thailand.
More rain is forecast for areas in the South.
Re: button up your overcoat - can you imagine
Northern temperatures to drop 3-5 degrees Celsius
OK, so we've exaggerated a bit.
Mercury in Thailand's north is set to drop another 3-5 degrees from tomorrow until Friday. Meanwhile southern regions are facing forecast rains and isolated heavy rain in some areas.
The Thai Meteorological Department says another strong cold front out of China is looming south to cover the upper regions of Thailand from October 30-November 2 . They forecast this will cause temperatures to drop between 3-5 degrees Celsius during this period.
Meanwhile, the north-eastern monsoon (the opposite to the southern south-westerly monsoon) which is looming over the Gulf and the southern region, will strengthen during this period and bring more rain to the region with isolated heavy rain in some areas.
The wind in the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea is forecast to be moderate with waves in the Gulf up to two metres high and up to three metres high during storms.
"Sailors, fishermen and tour boats are advised to exercise caution when venturing out to sea."
Despite the forecasts, Phuket, for example, is bathed in sunshine today with light cloud and easterly winds, although thunderstorms may develop during the afternoon.
Bangkok is partly cloudy today until tomorrow morning with possibility of rain covering ten percent of the city. Minimum temperatures range from 25-26 degrees Celsius and maximum temperatures 33-35 degrees Celsius.
It's THAT time of the year
thethaiger.com
Re: button up your overcoat - First frozen dew on Doi Inthanon
First frozen dew on Doi Inthanon
The first frozen dew of winter appeared on the popular tourist destination Doi Inthanon mountaintop early on Friday.
Kritsayam Kongsatree, chief of the Doi Inthanon Park, said this followed the temperature plunging to 1C, while it was 5C in the park's trekking route and 9C at the park office halfway up the mountain.
nationmultimedia.com
Re: button up your overcoat - Frozen dew blankets Doi Inthanon 2nd day
Frozen dew blankets Doi Inthanon mountain for second day
Frozen dew formed again for the second day in a row atop Doi Inthanon mountain in Chiang Mai on Saturday morning when the lowest temperature was recorded at 1 degree Celsius.
Wasan Chanthep, assistant chief of Doi Thanon National Park, said grass and the lower branches of trees were covered with a thin layer of ice.
He said the temperature at the top of the mountain was recorded at 1C while the mercury at the Kiew Mae Pan viewpoint, where tourists flocked to enjoy a sea of mist, was 5C. The Doi Inthanon park office halfway up the mountain saw the lowest temperature of 10C.
Wasan said the weather was clear so tourist could see the sea of mist clearly from the cliff at the viewpoint and the first sunlight lit up the mist beautifully for early-bird tourists.
Wasan said 2,321 tourists visited the park on Friday and the number was expected to be much higher on Saturday.
Re: button up your overcoat - 3000 blankets for the poor in Korat
The king has donated 3,000 blankets to the poor in Korat.
http://www.nationmultimedia.com/detail/around_thailand/30358161