Take the romantic pop 80s and mix it with alternative 90s sound and that is what Alice Sweet Alice are all about on Mandala. This is a band from Kansas City, MO, with touches of everything from Joy Division and Portishead, to STP and even Pink Floyd clearly heard as influences. Being a top seller in Europe, this isn't a middle of the road act, they actually have all it takes. The vocals of Ali Cat are perfect for their musical backdrop, as she puts on an amazing showing of originality. Guitarist Ron Bales is not only clean, but just as dirty when needed. They are backed by Scott Martinez on guitar and vocals, and Billy Brown on drums. Altogether this is a very enjoyable current and classic effort in one, which is challenging to describe without completely giving everything away.
This is always the right way to start, with a solid opening groove to set the pace. The ambience is almost theatrical, which gives it sort of a gothic vibe that simply won't quit. All in all, this is a good way to lead the proceedings in. The guitars just do the business, as they soar at every opportunity. Cats comes on reasonably strong to establish the Alice Sweet Alice sound, which is at times intricate, and others very straightforward.
I'm not as blown over with this track at first, but it picks up and gains a lot of ground and becomes an even better number than the opener. Fantastic lyrics are laid over an eclectic rock number. This is just a finely composed song that keeps the listener glued for the next one. An excellent guitar solo is included, as well here, showing off great work from Ron Bales.
This is an appropriate title for what is more or less the high point of the record. I love the use of both keys and strings on this. I also enjoy the bass line, heavy and very funky. I would say the vocals describe it all very well, and it contains a killer extended fade to top it off. This is a marvelous track!
A piano motif sets this one up, and the traditional balladeering vocals take over and steal the show. How beautiful this really is, as they attempt to emote and succeed with flying colors in doing so. This is very bold and brash beneath the beauty, which makes for an overall brutal piece.
More of that great bass playing keeps this one together, with male vocals kicking in this time with haunting female harmonies. So far, this is quite abstract compared with what's already on offer, with a soft but brooding feel throughout. "Endless persuit of never ending vision" is a lyric that describes it well. This is kind of like driving through a long tunnel with the same song playing. It's spooky yet classy in every way. This is equally as good as anything here. And it's almost prog.
This track even opens with the bass, giving it a slight "Under The Milky Way Tonight" vibe. But vocally this sounds more like the band Garbage than the rest of the tracks. Toward the end of this it really starts to rock to the max, with some searing guitar work. Then it's back to the chorus, and by then it's a done deal, another killer delivery with great chemistry going for it.
It's amazing how fast this disc comes and goes, and this track savors every bit of what the group is capable. They blaze through it with pure ferocity. This is one of a couple that lean metal, but don't stay there, by any means.


text:
Jan Chrzciciel de la Salle, Jean-Baptiste de La Salle (ur. 30 kwietnia 1651 w Reims we Francji, zm. 7 kwietnia 1719) – francuski duchowny, założyciel Zgromadzenia Braci Szkół Chrześcijańskich (FSC), święty Kościoła katolickiego.

Życiorys
Jan Chrzciciel był najstarszym z jedenaściorga dzieci Ludwika de La Salle i Nicole Moët de Brouillet. Posiadał dwie siostry (Maria i Róża Maria) i czterech braci (Jakub Józef, Jan Ludwik, Piotr i Jan Remigiusz). Reszta dzieci zmarła we wczesnym dzieciństwie.

W wieku 27 lat, w 1680 roku przyjął święcenia kapłańskie. Trzy lata później na uniwersytecie w Reims zdobył doktorat z teologii. Już jako duchowny opiekował się szkołą i sierocińcem prowadzonym przez Siostry od Dzieciątka Jezus (terezjanki). Za jego prośbą zatwierdzono ten zakon. Chcąc pomóc biednym dzieciom, pozwalał zamieszkać im na plebanii, której część zamienił na internat, a później pałac. Z czasem zaczął szukać ochotników, którzy mogliby pomóc w opiece, wychowaniu i kształceniu dzieci. Kobiety zajmowały się wyżywieniem. Gdy plebania była za mała, by pomieścić wszystkie sieroty, za pieniądze parafialne kupił od pewnej zamożnej kobiety duży dom i napisał regulamin sierocińca.

Z tych ofiarnych pomocników wyłoniło się zgromadzenie zakonne pod nazwą braci szkolnych i za jego początek przyjmuje się 24 czerwca 1684. Stworzył wiele typów szkół, takie jak podstawowe, wieczorowe, niedzielne, zawodowe, średnie, seminaria nauczycielskie. Każdy mógł się w nich uczyć, gdyż nauka była bezpłatna, a zajęcia odbywały się w języku ojczystym. Jan Chrzciciel de la Salle nie uczył w nich łaciny. Zaostrzył zakaz stosowania kar cielesnych, a kary moralne ograniczył do minimum. Na pierwszym miejscu stawiał wychowanie religijne, które oparł na chrześcijańskiej miłości i poszanowaniu godności człowieka, także dziecka. W 1681 powstała pierwsza szkoła założona przez św. Jana w Reims i Adriana Nyela, następną otwarto w Paryżu w 1688 roku. W sto lat potem szkoły lasaliańskie działały już na terenie całej Francji. Do rewolucji francuskiej (1789) w samej Francji zgromadzenie posiadało 126 szkół i ponad 1000 członków. Dzisiaj bracia szkolni mają swe szkoły w prawie 90 krajach.

Dzieła

Jan Chrzciciel de la Salle pozostawił po sobie pisma, a najcenniejsze to:
 Zasady dobrego wychowania
 Rozmyślania
 Prowadzenie szkół
 Obowiązki chrześcijanina

Kult
W 1950 roku został ogłoszony patronem nauczycieli katolickich, przez papieża Piusa XII.

Jego wspomnienie obchodzone jest w Kościele katolickim w dies natalis (7 kwietnia) i ma rangę wspomnienia obowiązkowego.

Zobacz też
 kult świętych
 wstawiennictwo świętych

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Jan Chrzciciel de la Salle
Francuscy duchowni katoliccy
Francuscy bracia szkolni
Założyciele zakonów katolickich
Urodzeni w 1651
Zmarli w 1719
Jan Chrzciciel de la Salle
Jan Chrzciciel de la Salle

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Entrepreneurship – where is it taught best?
Technorati Tags: Arizona State University, Babson, Babson College, Baylor, Boston University, Cornell, Entrepreneurship, Harvard, Indiana University, Kennesaw State University, Loyola of Chicago, MIT, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, NY Times, New York Times, Northwestern, Stanford, Stanford University, Syracuse, Syracuse University, TRUMP, University of Arizona, University of California – Los Angeles, University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Houston, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at El Paso., University of Wyoming, Wake Forest., Western Carolina University
Recently New York Times published an article about the subject. Interest in Entrepreneurship is growing and the study programs are increasingly being offered. Nearly 3000 colleges provide training in the subject.As with every thing American passion for Ranking of the ' Entrepreneurship' programs is existing.
So which school is the right place for those interested in starting their own companies?
Fortune Small Business spent seven months interviewing hundreds of entrepreneurs, professors, administrators, students and alumni to try to find out.
The magazine answers the question this way: It found that the best places to get an Entrepreneurship education were:
Cross-Disciplinary Studies
Wake Forest.
M.I.T
Loyola of Chicago
University of Texas at El Paso.
DOES PASSION TRUMP ALL? Maybe we have the whole approach to teaching entrepreneurship backward, George Gendron writes in Inc.
READ THE ARTICLE AT
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Filed under: Arizona State University, Babson, Babson College, Baylor, Boston University, Cornell, education, education specialization, Entrepreneurship, Harvard, Indiana University, Kennesaw State University, Loyola of Chicago, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, New York Times, Northwestern, NY Times, Stanford, Stanford University, Syracuse, Syracuse University, TRUMP, University of Arizona, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Houston, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at El Paso., University of Wyoming, Wake Forest., Western Carolina University | Tagged: Arizona State University, Babson, Babson College, Baylor, Boston University, Cornell, education, education spcialization, Entrepreneurship, Harvard, Indiana University, Kennesaw State University, Loyola of Chicago, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MIT, New York Times, Northwestern, NY Times, Stanford, Stanford University, Syracuse, Syracuse University, TRUMP, University of Arizona, University of California - Los Angeles, University of California at Berkeley, University of Chicago, University of Houston, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of Pennsylvania, University of Texas at Austin, University of Texas at El Paso., University of Wyoming, Wake Forest., Western Carolina University |	Leave a comment »
Doctorate Degree Programs focused on Quantitative Finance / Derivatives
Posted on November 5, 2007 by admissionsource
Hit the header if you cannot see a table
School Program Specialization Location
1. Berkeley – Haas School PhD Finance Berkeley,CA
2. Boston College – Carroll School PhD Finance Econometrics Chestnut Hill, MA
3. Boston University PhD Mathematical Finance Boston, MA
4. Carnegie Mellon PhD Mathematical Finance Stochastics, Financial Economics Pittsburgh, PA
5. Claremont Graduate University – Drucker School PhD Financial Engineering Claremont, CA
6. Cornell University PhD Operations Research Ithaca, NY
7. Florida State University PhD Financial Mathematics Tallahassee, FL
8. Illinois Institute of Technology – Stuart School PhD Management Science Derivatives, Corporate Finance, Investments Chicago, IL
9. Purdue University PhD Mathematics with Focus on Computational Finance West Lafayette, IN
10. Rutgers University PhD Finance Newark, NJ
11. Stanford University PhD Finance Dynamic Asset Pricing Stanford, CA
12. Stanford University PhD Statistics Financial Mathematics Stanford, CA
13. University of Arizona – Eller PhD Management with Concentration in Finance Tucson, AZ
14. University of Alabama – Culverhouse PhD Finance Tuscaloosa, AL
15. University of Houston – Bauer School PhD Finance Fixed Income, Derivatives, Quants Houston, TX
16. University of Nebraska Lincoln PhD Business Administration Econometrics Lincoln, NB
17. University of Chicago PhD Finance Chicago, IL
18. University of Florida PhD Quantitative Finance
19. University of Pennsylvania – Wharton School PhD Finance
20. Vanderbilt University – Owen School PhD Finance Derivatives, Statistics, Differential Mathematics
Filed under: Admission, Boston College, Boston University, Business Management, Carnegie Mellon, Claremont, Cornell, Corporate Finance, Derivatives, Differential Mathematics, Dynamic Asset Pricing, Econometrics, Economics, education, education specialization, Finance, Financial Economics, Financial Engineering, Financial Mathematics, Florida State, Global Derivatives, Graduate, Haas, Illinois Institute of Technology, Investments, Mathematical Finance, MBA, Program-Financial Engineering, Purdue, Quantitative Finance, Rutgers, Stanford, Statistics, Stochastics, University of Alabama - Culverhouse, University of Arizona, University of Florida | Tagged: Admission, Boston College, Boston University, Business Management, Carnegie Mellon, Claremont, Cornell, Corporate Finance, Derivatives, Differential Mathematics, Dynamic Asset Pricing, Econometrics, Economics, education, education specialization, Finance, Financial Economics, Financial Engineering, Financial Mathematics, Florida State, Global Derivatives, Graduate, Haas, Illinois Institute of Technology, Investments, Mathematical Finance, MBA, Program-Financial Engineering, Purdue, Quantitative Finance, Rutgers, Stanford, Statistics, Stochastics, University of Alabama - Culverhouse, University of Arizona, University of Florida |	Leave a comment »
More Industrial Engineering Schools in US
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Cal Poly–San Luis Obispo
California State Polytechnic University–Pomona
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Columbia University (Fu Foundation)
CUNY–City College
Dartmouth College (Thayer)
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Polytechnic University
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Rolla, University of Missouri-Columbia, University of Nebraska Lincoln, University of New Haven, University of New Mexico, University of North Carolina--Charlotte, University of Oklahoma, University of Pennsylvania, University of Pittsburgh, University of Rhode Island, University of South Florida, University of Southern California, University of Tennessee--Chattanooga, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, University of Texas - Arlington, University of Texas - Austin, University of Texas--El Paso, University of Toledo, University of Virginia, University of Washington, Utah State University, Virginia Tech, Wayne State University, Western Michigan University, Wichita State University, Widener University, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Wright State University, Youngstown State University |	Leave a comment »

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
12 guys share what they really think when a woman queefs during sex
It. Is. Not. A. Big. Deal.
By Paisley Gilmour
Queefs (aka fanny farts, aka vagina guffs, aka vulva trumps) are nothing to be ashamed of. They're not actually farts after all - they're just the expulsion of trapped air, and they don't smell. They really should be no biggie. Naturally, many vagina-having, queef-able people feel a little self-conscious about the ridiculous sounds their bodies can make.
One woman took to the Internet for advice, after she found herself feeling a bit insecure during sex. "I literally can't do doggy because I'm too embarrassed of queefing afterwards," she posted on Reddit. "It makes me feel ugly and anxious, even though it's one of my favourite positions."
Enter some men who sleep with women, who explained why she shouldn't be embarrassed, and shared whether this natural occurrence during sex bothers them.
1. "Nah. I don't care. It's not even an issue with me!" [via]
2. "I don't care about queefing at all. Absolutely think nothing of it. If it happens, it's because good things were happening so I can hardly be mad, upset, or grossed out by it." [via]
3. "Never bothered me. Was kind of a turn on the few times its happened recently." [via]
4. "I'd feel like a total douche if I ever gave someone a hard time about queefing. That's like saying, 'Hey, thanks for letting me penetrate your body and cause this issue in the first place, but just wanted to let you know that I find something that's totally benign to be gross. Just an FYI.' Consider it instead to be a good way to filter out shitty guys from your life. If I was a girl and a guy gave me a hard time about this, I'd strongly consider dumping them." [via]
10 fascinating things to know about queefing
5. "Nah. Awkward bodily functions are part of intimacy - and sometimes very funny." [via]
6. "The first time I hear a girl queef during sex my immediate thought is, 'Thank you for letting me fuck you.' The second queef usually has me think, 'Hey, that was a D flat. I wonder if I can play a John Philip Sousa march on this thing?'" [via]
7. "No, and if you're with a guy and it does bother him, he's probably not worth your time anyway..." [via]
8. "We put the air in there. Not fair to be upset when it comes out." [via]
9. "It's definitely a kink of many many men. I personally love it. My SO felt the same as you. I told her I loved it, now she will queef during doggy for me, if I really want it." [via]
10. "Any good lover that's into pleasing and fucking you well, is not gonna care if you queef. In fact, to a lot it's a turn on." [via]
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12. "Absolutely non-issue for me as well. Honestly, any guy who would be turned off by it, or make you feel uncomfortable even the slightest bit, is just immature in my opinion. Also any guy who's had sex and loves doggy accepts it." [via]
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Posted inIn Brief
Artist Royalties Bill Has 16 Congressional Co-Sponsors
by Claire Voon July 21, 2014 July 21, 2014
Sotheby's auctioneer Adrian Biddell (image via Financial Times/Flickr)
A bill introduced to the United States Congress in February aiming to grant visual artists the right to receive resale royalties — also known as droit de suite — has gained six additional sponsors in the last month, The Art Newspaper reported. The American Royalties Too (ART) Act calls for the return of 5 percent of a work's resale value to its maker if it sells at auction for over $5,000, with royalties capped at $35,000. Spearheaded by Representative Jerrold Nadler (D-NY), the act now has a total of 16 sponsors.
The purchaser of an artwork currently reaps the full benefit of a resale; visual artists — defined as painters, photographers, and sculptors — profit only from the original sale of their works, as opposed to other artists, such as musicians, who receive royalties each time their work is reproduced or performed. The right to collect resale royalties is widely acknowledged throughout the world, with over 50 countries adopting similar stances, according to The Art Newspaper.
The US Copyright Office is in favor of the bill, along with artists like Frank Stella and Chuck Close. Most recently, Christopher Rauschenberg, Robert Rauschenberg's son, wrote an op-ed in The Huffington Post emphasizing the importance of the bill's passage. Opponents, however, argue that the bill may have a negative impact on the art market, helps only wealthy artists, and targets auction houses. Christie's and Sotheby's, for example, have poured nearly $1 million into lobbying against the efforts.
Still, the momentum gained by the current bill is significant — Nadler introduced a slightly different version of it in 2011 but failed to gain any co-sponsors.
Correction, 7/21 4:46pm ET: An earlier version of this story repeated a claim appearing in the Huffington Post and the legal service Lexology regarding the date of a vote on the ART Act, erroneously cited as tomorrow. A hearing was held by the Judiciary Committee of the US House of Representatives last Tuesday, July 15, but no vote is scheduled.
Canadian Artists May Soon Receive Royalties for Resold Works
Souls Grown Deep Starts Unprecedented Resale Royalties for Artists
The NFT Market Feeds Our Obsession With Ownership
Tagged: resale royalties
Claire Voon
Claire Voon is a former staff writer for Hyperallergic. Originally from Singapore, she grew up near Washington, D.C. and is now based in Chicago. Her work has also appeared in New York Magazine, VICE,... More by Claire Voon


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Q: Intuitive approximation and Order Statistics Given $x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n$ identically distributed random variables with probability density and cumulative distribution functions $f$ and $F$  respectively, the probability density function for the maximum is
$$ f_{max} \big(x_{max} (x) \big)  = \\ P ( X_j \in [x, x+ \epsilon]  \land X_k \leq x \,\,\forall k \neq j
) \\
= n f(x) F(x)^{n-1}$$
The mean of the maxima will hence be given by $$ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} nx f(x) F(x)^{n-1} \mathrm{d}x $$
Now, to the point: I have intuitively thought that a decent approximation of the mean of the maxima, $ \bar{x}_{max}$ (of its value, not its distribution that is) could be obtained by considering the solution to the equation $$f(\bar{x}_{max}) = \frac{1}{n}$$
An alternative, possibly more meanigful as commented by Jean Marie, is to consider the cumulative distribution instead, and impose the condition $$ F(\bar{x}_{max}) = 1- \frac{1}{n} $$ whose solution should provide an estimate for the mean of the maxima. The rest of the post will focus on this possibility.
To clarify the line of thought yielding my "guess", having $n$ samples to extract, one might be tempted to assume that even events, whose probability of the order $\frac{1}{n}$, are plausible.
The farther from the mean,  the less likely one event is (under reasonable conditions): hence I would expect the maximum to be related to the lowest probability value to be reasonaly expected.
So, the question is: how good is the approximation of saying that the mean of the random variable (maximum over each $n$ extractions), can be estimated by a value   $\bar{x}_{max}$, such that $(1-\frac{1}{n})$   % of the samplings are less than it?
I did perform some numerical checks for the exponential distribution, supporting the idea the approximation could be reasonable.
I would like to investigate such approximation analytically: confirm is converges asymptotically to the mean for $n \to \infty$, and  ideally get a meausure of the error involved for finite $n$.
In order to do so, I would nevertheless need to be able to compute the mean of the maxima
$$ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} x f(x) F(x)^{n-1} \mathrm{d}x $$
which I am unable to do even for the simple case of the exponential distribution, in which case the expression above specializes to
$$ \int_{0}^{\infty} x \lambda e^{- \lambda x} (1 – e^{- \lambda x })^{n-1}  \mathrm{d}x $$
As I am interested mainly in the case where $n$ is large, I thought I could make an attempt using Laplace's method.
Using $$xf(x) =[e^ {ln \big(xf(x)\big )}] ^{\frac{n-1}{n-1}}$$
I tried to re-write the above in a form suitable for Laplace's method
$$ \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} e^{(n-1) [\frac{1}{n-1}\ln (x f(x)) + \ln(F)]} $$
But I have not achieved much, as I would need to find stationary points of the function $$ \frac{1}{n-1}\ln (x f(x)) + \ln\big(F(x) \big) $$
Any comment on the intutive approach to estimate the mean of the maxima is welcome.
Any hint or suggestions on  ways to characterise the error involved would be very much appreciated as well.
Thanks in advance.
$\mathbf{EDIT \,\, Following \,Claude \,Leibovici's \, asnswer}$
In an answer below Claude Leibovici has calculated a closed form for the mean of the maxima, for an exponential distribution.
His result states
$$x_{max} = \frac{H_n}{\lambda} $$
This confirms the conjecture presented in the post, at least for the exponential distribution.
Indeed, the conjecture states that an (asymptotic) approximation of the mean of the maxima, $\bar{x}_{max}$, can be estimated by the equation $$ F(\bar{x}_{max}) = 1 - \frac{1}{n}$$ which reads, specifically for the exponential distribution
$$ 1 - e^{-\lambda \bar{x}_{max} } = 1 - \frac{1}{n}$$
Using the closed form value courtesy of Claude Leibovici one verifies it obeys the desired asymptotics
$$ 1 - e^{-\lambda \frac{H_n}{\lambda}} \sim 1 - e^{-(\gamma + \ln n)} = \mathcal{O} ( 1 - \frac{1}{n})$$
which is encouraging.
The question whether this holds in general for an arbitary cdf $f$ is still open.

A: Considering $$I_n=\int_{0}^{\infty} x \lambda e^{- \lambda x} (1 – e^{- \lambda x })^{n-1}  \,dx=\frac 1 \lambda\int_{0}^{\infty} y\,e^{-y}(1-e^{-y})^{n-1}\,dy$$ The first thing to notice is that the antiderivative has a "closed" form expression
$$\int y\,e^{-y}(1-e^{-y})^{n-1}\,dy=\frac{\left(1-e^{-y}\right)^n }{n^2 \left(1-e^y\right)^{n}} \,
   _2F_1\left(-n,-n;1-n;e^y\right)+\frac{y \left(1-e^{-y}\right)^n}{n}$$ from which the definite integrals can be "easily" computed.
The end result is surprizingly simple $$\color{red}{I_n=\frac{H_n}{\lambda n}}$$ provided $\Re(n)>-1$.
For large values of $n$, $$I_n=\frac 1\lambda \left(\frac{\gamma +\log \left({n}\right)}{n}+\frac{1}{2 n^2}-\frac{1}{12
   n^3}+O\left(\frac{1}{n^4}\right) \right)$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Clarence Stanaway was born 31 May 1909 in Rehia, Northern Wairoa, Kaipara. He was the younger of girl-boy twins (Birth Certificate number 1909/23976).
Not much is known of his childhood but we can assume that it is much the same as his siblings and other children in the area at the time.
On 2 June 1915 at the age of just 6, Clarence dies of Lymphadenoma which he had for three months (Death Certificate number 1915/2849), and was buried at Mt Wesley Cemetery in Dargaville on 4 June 1915.


Object that brokers access to network resources.
Install a handler function to take over mail sending from the default SMTP or sendmail methods. This is provided mainly for tests that need to be told when a mail is sent, without actually sending it. It may also be useful in the event that someone needs to plug in an alternative mail handling method.
Note: Please contribute updates to this topic on TWiki.org at TWiki:TWiki.TWikiNetDotPm.


text:
package ch.blinkenlights.android.vanilla;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.preference.DialogPreference;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.SeekBar;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * SeekBar preference to set the shake force threshold.
 */
public class SeekBarPreference extends DialogPreference implements SeekBar.OnSeekBarChangeListener {
	/**
	 * The current value.
	 */
	private int mValue;

	/**
	 * Our context (needed for getResources())
	 */
	private Context mContext;

	/**
	 * TextView to display current threshold.
	 */
	private TextView mValueText;

	public SeekBarPreference(Context context, AttributeSet attrs)
	{
		super(context, attrs);
		mContext = context;
	}

	@Override
	public CharSequence getSummary()
	{
		return getSummary(mValue);
	}

	@Override
	protected Object onGetDefaultValue(TypedArray a, int index)
	{
		return a.getInt(index, 100);
	}

	@Override
	protected void onSetInitialValue(boolean restoreValue, Object defaultValue)
	{
		mValue = restoreValue ? getPersistedInt(mValue) : (Integer)defaultValue;
    }

	/**
	 * Create the summary for the given value.
	 *
	 * @param value The force threshold.
	 * @return A string representation of the threshold.
	 */
	private String getSummary(int value)
	{
		if ("shake_threshold".equals(getKey())) {
			return String.valueOf(value / 10.0f);
		} else if("replaygain_bump".equals(getKey())) {
			return String.format("%+.1fdB", 2*(value-75)/10f);
		} else if("replaygain_untagged_debump".equals(getKey())) {
			String summary = (String)mContext.getResources().getText(R.string.replaygain_untagged_debump_summary);
			return String.format("%s %.1fdB", summary, (value-150)/10f);
		} else {
			return String.format("%d%% (%+.1fdB)", value, 20 * Math.log10(Math.pow(value / 100.0, 3)));
		}
	}

	@Override
	protected View onCreateDialogView()
	{
		View view = super.onCreateDialogView();

		mValueText = (TextView)view.findViewById(R.id.value);
		mValueText.setText(getSummary(mValue));

		SeekBar seekBar = (SeekBar)view.findViewById(R.id.seek_bar);
		seekBar.setMax(150);
		seekBar.setProgress(mValue);
		seekBar.setOnSeekBarChangeListener(this);

		return view;
	}

	@Override
	protected void onDialogClosed(boolean positiveResult)
	{
		notifyChanged();
	}

	@Override
	public void onProgressChanged(SeekBar seekBar, int progress, boolean fromUser)
	{
		if (fromUser) {
			mValue = progress;
			mValueText.setText(getSummary(progress));
			persistInt(progress);
		}
	}

	@Override
	public void onStartTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar)
	{
	}

	@Override
	public void onStopTrackingTouch(SeekBar seekBar)
	{
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Chanodichthys es un género de peces de la familia Cyprinidae y de la orden de los Cypriniformes.

Especies
 Chanodichthys abramoides (Dybowski, 1872)
 Chanodichthys dabryi
 Chanodichthys flavipinnis (Basilewsky, 1855)
 Chanodichthys mongolicus (Basilewsky, 1855)
 Chanodichthys oxycephalus (Bleeker, 1871)


text:
Why 8-year-olds should start thinking about their careers
Image: Reuters/Alejandro Acosta
Tristram Hooley
In the UK, Labor's shadow education minister Tristram Hunt argued recently for the introduction of career education into primary schools, particularly for girls. But should we start talking about the world of work at primary school or is this far too early to be meaningful or appropriate?
Career education in primary school is not the invention of a Labor politician. It has existed in various forms for decades in a number of countries—including England.
In 2010, the UK Department for Education (DfE) published an evaluation of career education in primary schools which found that young people who participated in career education increased their knowledge about the types of work and the pathways that could be followed to get there. It also found some evidence that pupils were more confident about their ability to achieve their aspirations.
Careers can work in primary school
School-based career education has been found to have a number of positive impacts, including supporting increased attainment and engagement with school. The DfE's evaluation of primary careers education found that this was also true for primary age children who became more positive about school. The evaluation also identified a decrease in stereotypical thinking about careers from pupils who participated.
This recent evidence in English schools suggests that career education can work in primary schools. The purpose of such career education is not to sort young people into particular careers, as critics often fear, but rather to increase young people's awareness of a range of life opportunities and how to access them.
This kind of exploratory learning about the world and your place within it can sit very easily within the context of primary education.
Aspirations start early
A key rationale for starting career education early is drawn from evidence that shows that young people form their aspirations and ideas about careers long before they are ready to join the labor market.
Research by American psychologists Ashton Trice and Kimberly Rush found that four-year-olds typically articulated a strong gender bias in their thinking about jobs, with boys tending to express interest in typically male occupations and girls in typically female occupations.
Research led by Vanessa Moulton at the Institute of Education found that most seven-year-olds had "realistic" rather than "fantasy" aspirations—for example, they want to be a police officer rather than a dragon. They also found that children's aspirations had a relationship with their classroom behavior.
In the 1980s, US psychologist Linda Gottfredson theorized about the process of identity formation, arguing that young people typically go through a series of age-related stages during which they, often unconsciously, shape their occupational aspirations in relation to social expectations. She argued that much of this process has occurred before young people reach secondary school.
In a series of articles, King's College London education researcher Louise Archer and her colleagues have explored young people's attitudes to science and science careers. They've demonstrated that identity is formed early and that it typically intersects with gender, ethnicity and class in ways that do not support the government's policy aspirations for social mobility.
The rationale for starting career education in primary school is therefore strong. If young people's aspirations are to be broadened, this needs to happen at the point at which they are developing these aspirations.
This is not new to scholars of career education and guidance who typically pronounce that career education should start early and be in place well before young people have to make any decisions with lifetime impacts—such as GCSE (General Certificate of Secondary Education) choices at age 13.
What's the best age to start?
There has been little systematic work looking at the age at which primary career education should start. But there are a number of studies that provide some insights. One study found that a program aimed at year four (eight and nine-year-old children) fit well into the primary curriculum and that the children who participated in it were able to remember much of significance five months later.
Much guidance on good practice has emerged in this area, codified in the Career Development Institute's curriculum framework, which suggests starting formal career education at key stage two (age seven and up). This doesn't mean that younger children shouldn't have opportunities to learn about work, but at present this has generally been done informally or through occasional projects such "what do you want to do when you grow up" or "what jobs do your family do?"
There are strong reasons for starting career education early which relate to social equity. Primary career education has a long history, albeit one that is often interrupted by frequent lurches in policy. In general, educators have developed primary career education programs from the age of seven, and where they have been evaluated this has been found to be effective and to fit well into the wider primary curriculum.


Halloween is tomorrow! Do you have your costumes ready to go? I love seeing what the kids pick out each year. I wonder what will be the most popular costume this year?
Well . . . rather than munching on Halloween candy, I would much rather be munching on this popcorn. This has got to be one of the best uses for cookie butter EVER. You can taste the cookie butter, but it isn't overpowering. The flavor is amazing and the cookie butter coating is so creamy. This popcorn is so addicting . . . you will not be able to stop eating this stuff.
Since I know you will want to enjoy this popcorn all year long, you can easily switch this up for different holidays by changing the color of the candy melt drizzle and sprinkles.
Pop kernels according to your popcorn popper's directions. Place popped popcorn into a very large bowl (I use a 32-cup size bowl). Make sure to remove all un-popped kernels; set aside. Place white candy melts and cookie butter into a medium microwave-safe bowl. Microwave until candy melts are melted and mixture is smooth, stirring every 30 seconds. Pour over popped popcorn and stir together until popcorn is evenly coated in mixture. You might not think there is enough coating to cover all that popcorn, but there really is, so just keep stirring until it's all coated.
Spread out onto a large cookie sheet. Melt 1/2 cup of orange candy melts in a small, microwave-safe, bowl until smooth and creamy, stirring every 30 seconds. Using a fork drizzle over popcorn and then top with sprinkles. Allow to set and then break into chunks and serve.
Jenn's Notes: I used Trader Joe's Cookie Butter, but if you do not live near a Trader Joe's, you can try Biscoff Cookie Butter which can be found at your local grocery store by the peanut butter. Also, if you do not have a popcorn popper, you can use plain microwave popcorn.


text:
Home » Blog Post #2 The Caman; an art and a craft
Blog Post #2 The Caman; an art and a craft
In 2019, the making of shinty sticks, or camans, was designated as a critically endangered craft by the Heritage Crafts Association. This means that it is currently viable due to one or two main producers, but if for some reason they stopped making, the future of the craft would be under serious threat.
As I mentioned in my last blog post, the sport of shinty is not just surviving, it is thriving. There are numerous established and newly formed teams across the Highlands and the Lowlands, in cities, towns and villages, and in schools and universities. Every player needs (at least) one caman, so it might be hard to see how supplying this substantial market with its essential equipment is classed as at risk. A caman is not just a stick though, it takes considerable skill and time to make a good one. Camans have developed enormously from the early years of the game where each player made their own from whatever wood they could find locally, to the laminated modern sticks of today suited to the regulated and sophisticated game that shinty has become.
An illustration of a Badenoch caman and an ash caman, from the 1881 publication The Book of the Society of the True Gael (1)
The modern shinty stick
The making of a shinty stick is an art. Each one is hand-made; there is no caman making machine churning them out. There are a small number of caman makers working in Scotland, and one or two in England. Tanera Camans in Inverness are the largest scale producers of camans currently in operation, working full time on making the sticks. Other companies such as Munro Camans (John and Mabel Sloggie) and Kyles Camans (the Blair family) produce sticks as a side or part time operation and along with other individuals have been instrumental in keeping the craft alive and the sport supplied.
A laminated stick made by Tanera Camans. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
A full length Kyles Caman, and a cut-down Munro Caman, for use by a child. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
Caman making is often referred to as a labour of love. It's not usually undertaken as a get-rich-quick scheme. Makers are usually shinty players too, and have an innate understanding of the feel and handle of a stick.
Rather than being made from one piece of wood, the majority of modern shinty sticks are now made from thin strips of wood, usually hickory, laminated together with adhesive. They are pressed together and the stick is then steamed, and when pliable the end is bent into the distinctive hook shape that gives the caman its name – the Gaelic word "cam" means bent or crooked.
When dried and cooled, the laminated stick is pared down into the finished caman shape: the foot, or bas, is triangular in shape with two flat sides (unlike in hockey, the ball can be played on either side of the stick); the shaft and handle, or cas, is planed down until smooth and then the whole stick is varnished. Often the stick will be left long, and cut down to suit the height of the player, before a taped grip is added to the handle. Historically the grip was made from a leather strip.
Mabel and John Sloggie, of Munro Camans, photographed by Donald Mackay in 1992 in the process of making laminated camans. The Sloggies, now in their 80s, are still making sticks. Image credit: Donald Mackay
There are no nails or metal components allowed on a stick, and edges must be rounded off to reduce the possibility of injuring an opponent. To be "legal" on the pitch, the caman must be able to pass through a ring of 2 and a half inch diameter. This sizing rule was brought in in the 1920s, and a referee would have carried such a ring with them to ensure compliance.
Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
At first glance, all sticks may look the same, but there are many subtle variations that affect the whip of the stick and the loft it can achieve with a strike. The angle of the bend, and the weight and thickness of the head dictate how it plays, with defenders' sticks being heavier with a larger sloped bas, and forwards' camans being lighter with flatter faces.
Solid wood camans in various stages of completion, showing differences in shape. Unknown makers. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
Early camans
Going back to the early days of shinty, before it was possible to go out and buy a stick, players would have made their own sticks from wood that was available locally – ash (the favoured wood for camans), birch, beech, rowan, willow, elder and oak are all known to have been used.
Illustration by Robert R McIan of Grant of Glenmoriston "in the attitude of throwing the ball at the commencement of the game of Camanachd or Shinnie", with a finely made caman, 1845. Image credit: Am Baile/Highland Libraries (2)
This descriptive account of the making of a caman in the Inverness Courier, 1893 sheds some light on the process:
"Of old time, the club was, and to some extent still is, in the more primitive parts of the North, a carefully selected young oak tree, whereof the thickest end has been heated with fire and bent to a curve, which it is made to retain at first by means of thongs. When it is considered to have been long enough bound to retain its shape without the thongs, these are removed, and the club is, in a rude way, ready for use, having a hook at the end of its shaft like the bend of a golf club. Experience has taught however, that nature does not, somehow, very frequently create oaklings of the most convenient forms for camans, and Science meets her half-way by selecting a straight shaft or cas of hazel or ash, and a bas or foot of oak, and joining the two together by splicing, or what in the elegant parlance of the modern Highlander is described as "wupping" with rosined cord. In this wise, plus some trimming with a knife, is a shinty made. It is an elegant weapon, graceful to wield, and of delightful capacity for hacking an opponent's head, or elevating his knee-cap". (3)
Birch branch with natural curve. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
This birch stick in the museum collection is an example of a branch with a natural curve, before it would have been pared down into a playable stick. As it stands it is rather inelegant and unwieldy, although I'm sure in this raw form it would be more than satisfactory for hacking an opponent's head or elevating his knee-cap.
Insh shinty team in 1892 with their hand-made camans. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
If no naturally curved branch was forthcoming, bending a length of wood was an option, as described in the Inverness Courier quote above. Steaming a straight "split" of wood and gently curving it into a bas required the bend to be held in place as it dried – either with a length of wire, or by tacking in place two strips of wood, such as in these two examples in the collection. Apparently, the success of the bend was all down to the drying process; if not thoroughly dried, the stick could straighten out if it became wet – a real risk when playing shinty in Scotland.
Caman making in process – one with wire frame, one with wooden frame. Makers and dates unknown. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
Where wood was in scarce supply, other materials were utilised, for example driftwood was used on Lewis. A 1908 account of shinty on the Hebridean island of Uist states that "As Uist is barren of trees, a tangle [kelp] caman is nearly as common as a wooden one. Another ingenious caman is made of a large piece of canvas bent with both ends caught in the hand. It is very effective". (4)
This photo shows an unknown group of players, location also unknown. It's interesting to note the variation in their home-made sticks (and also their smart bowler hats). Their camans might have been made by steaming lengths of wood, or using by naturally curved wood. Image courtesy of Roddie MacLennan (5)
Commercial Camans
At the start of the 20th century, caman making took on a more professional slant thanks to the entrepreneurial spirit of Newtonmore born John Macpherson. John was a shinty player and saw a gap in the market for consistently made, well-balanced, light, good quality sticks. At this time no one was making sticks commercially. He took over his uncle's shop in Inverness, and John Macpherson Sporting Stores soon became the leading supplier of camans, employing up to 3 caman makers at its height.
John imported hickory from California to timber yards in Portsmouth and Liverpool. In Liverpool, the hickory was cut down into suitable lengths and steam bent, cut into 2 and a half inch squared off "blocks" and seasoned for 8 to 10 months, before being sent up to Inverness where the blocks were worked by John's caman makers into the finished articles. As a rule, sticks were ordered a dozen at a time, because there were 12 players in a team. The dozen sticks would include a variety of bas angles, suiting the different players across the field.
An early 20th century hickory stick made by John Macpherson, recently donated to the Highland Folk Museum by John's granddaughter Shelagh Nobel. Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
The outbreak of WWII put paid to shinty stick production due to both lack of materials, and the men to make them. After the war, John Macpherson started producing a spliced stick of hickory head and ash handle, and this became the predominant caman in use until the laminated hickory stick took over.
In 1896, John Macpherson started the tradition of the silver mounted caman being presented to the winning captain of the Camanachd Cup, a tradition that continues to this day. The silver mounted caman has now spread to other competitions and it is not exclusive to the main event in the shinty calendar. (6)
Camanachd Cup winners Kingussie in 1900, with the cup and silver mounted caman (second from left). Image credit: Highland Folk Museum
Nowadays, with the game thriving as it is, and the small number of makers able to cope with current numbers of sticks required annually, it is unlikely that caman making will die out anytime soon. Hopefully the dedicated and talented current makers will train up the makers of the future and continue the legacy of the art of the caman.
These two wonderful films highlight the making process of laminated sticks – the first film features John and Mabel Sloggie of Munro Camans, filmed in the 1980s. The second film from 2018 features interviews with Alan Macpherson of Tanera Camans, and curator Rachel Chisholm talking about the collection here at the Highland Folk Museum.
Illustration from The Book of the Society of the True Gael, published in MacLennan, Hugh Dan. 1993. Shinty! Nairn: Balnain Books. Pg. 28
Illustration from James Logan's 1845 book "The Clans of the Scottish Highlands". Image credit: Am Baile/Highland Libraries
Inverness Courier, May 12, 1893. Published in MacLennan, Hugh Dan. 1995. Not an Orchid… Inverness: Kessock Communications. Pg. 215
Morrison, Alexander. Uist Games, Celtic Review Vol IV, April 1908. Published in MacLennan, Hugh Dan. 1995. Not an Orchid… Inverness: Kessock Communications. Pg. 254
Image of an unknown group, venue also unknown. Photograph courtesy of Roddy MacLennan, published in MacLennan, Hugh Dan. 1995. Not an Orchid… Inverness: Kessock Communications. Pg. 178
Information credited to Shelagh Noble in her written account of the John Macpherson & Sons Sporting Stores Inverness which features interviews with her family members including Hamish Macpherson, son of John, who provided an account of the shinty stick making history.
Previous blog post – Blog Post #2 – The Caman; an art and a craft
Next blog post – Blog Post #3 Shinty through the Wars


text:
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The Australian Income Tax General Anti-Avoidance Rule May be Reformed Soon
by Penny Cooper on November 26, 2012
The Australian government on a press release in march this year suggested that it was considering to ammend Part – IVA of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (GAAR) to counter technical deficiencies. Earlier, on 16th of this month, the explanatory memorandum and the exposure draft issued by the Assistant Treasurer proposed changes to the general anti-avoidance rule or GAAR. This was because the Australian Taxation Office had lost several high profile cases in the courtrooms. As a result, the changes suggested from November 16th are intended to come into force.
Concerns addressed by the reform
The GAAR contains a number of provisions which are aimed at testing two ideas:
Tax benefits arising from any scheme – the relevant sections are 177D (a) and 177C of ITAA36.
A participant of the scheme with the sole purpose of facilitating a tax benefit allows a tax payer to obtain the benefits concerning the scheme. The concerned section is 177D (b) that addresses the factors that need to be considered when determining the purpose.
If any of the above mentioned conditions are satisfied, then as per section 177F, the commissioner can restructure the scheme under question so as to counter any tax benefits.
The memorandum and the press release suggest that the recent cases reveal a technical deficiency within the section 177C. 177C is applicable when determining if a tax benefit has arisen. The provision under Section 177C is used to gauge the consequences if at all the scheme under question had not taken place. This particular aspect is the counterfactual. The memorandum also states that the counterfactual aspect of GAAR undermines the efficient implementation of Part – IVA.
Proposals made in the memorandum
The memorandum suggests that the main aim of the proposal is to restore 'purpose test' as the main test under GAAR and not the counterfactual. The exposure draft facilitates this by restructuring section 177D. In addition to this the section 177C is also being subjected to reform by the inclusion of a new section 177CB. A number of assumptions will be applicable under the new section to determine the counterfactual. The assumptions are:
The consideration of counterfactual must be regardless of the tax expense of any other alternative that could be pursued in the absence of the scheme in question.
The counterfactual must include equal non-tax consequences. For example, if the scheme under question involves an investment via loan, then the counterfactual must also include a loan.
If the scheme does not involve any non-tax consequences, the counterfactual will be weakened. In such a case, the counterfactual cannot consider alternatives that were not involved in the scheme to achieve the exact tax consequences.
In a case where the scheme contains of a set of steps in a wider transaction, the counterfactual can only perform the same role as the scheme. This particular assumption is aimed to counter Futuris case according to which, the scheme merely performs a function related to tax.
Penny is an expert associated with i3Group a leading payroll service provider. Its custom corporate payroll solutions have helped blue-chip brands across industries manage payroll obligations efficiently and cost-effectively.
Penny Cooper
Latest posts by Penny Cooper (see all)
The Australian Income Tax General Anti-Avoidance Rule May be Reformed Soon - November 26, 2012
The Role of Criminal Defense Lawyers - October 3, 2012
Important Information for Pursuing a Law Career - September 27, 2012
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It"s the ultimate shopping nightmare: a sales assistant pulls open the curtain to the changing room and the entire shop is treated to the sight of you in mismatched greying underwear.
A door that protects your modesty from the chest down to the knees is all very well — until you have to bend down to pick something off the floor.
The worst offenders are cowboy saloon doors that never quite meet in the middle and flap open when anyone walks past, forcing you to try to dress with one hand while clamping the doors with the other.
Then there's the thick curtain that pulls across and would have been just perfect — if only they'd used an inch more fabric.
Four words you never want to hear when you're trying on clothes in a shop. You're slipping on a skirt, not splitting the atom.
It"s easier to shake off a Jehovah Witness at your front door than an assistant who works on commission. No matter what you choose, she'll have 'just the belt, jacket, handbag and necklace' to go with it.
She'll swoon over everything you try on, even roping in her equally devious colleague to tell you how amazing you look.
If it's too big, she'll tell you it will shrink; if it's too tight, she'll tell you that it will give.
If you admit you quite like something in red, she'll bring it to you in blue, black and yellow.
Just when you think you've escaped and you've reached the till with just the one item — out come the protector sprays.
Most stores will not let you take more than five items into a changing room for security reasons.
So if you have, say, seven items, you have to leave two with the assistant. A perfectly reasonable sounding policy — until you attempt to put it into practice.
Once you have tried on all five of your items and are ready to swap two for the ones left outside, you'll have more chance of winning EuroMillions than of attracting the assistant's attention.
So you have to get fully dressed and go out to her, when you will discover that the two items have been put back on the shop floor. When they're retrieved after a ten-minute delay, you have to leave behind two of the items you have already tried on and wish to purchase. And when you emerge, they won't be there either.
You"ve queued for 20 minutes on a busy Saturday, finally got a cubicle — and the wretched dress doesn't fit or flatter. You cover up, walk to the front desk and ask if you could try the next size up.
The changing room manager will summon a sales girl, who will look at you as though you've asked for one of her kidneys. You just know she isn't going to look properly.
Sure enough, she'll return after a few minutes to inform you that the size you want isn't in stock.
As you walk out, what will be the first thing you see That's right, the dress in the size you asked for.
Some department store lingerie sections have bells in the changing rooms, so if you need a different size you don't have to leave the cubicle.
What a brilliant idea. You try on a bra, but it's a little tight. No problem, you just press the bell and wait for assistance. And wait. And wait. After five minutes, you press it again. Nothing. You try one last time without success and get dressed in a foul temper while plotting 'death by coat hanger' for the useless assistant who didn't come to your aid.
As you leave, she appears and you tell her the bra didn't fit. 'Oh, why didn't you ring the bell' she asks brightly.
Thankfully,, these are no longer in wide use because the penny finally dropped with retailers that people don't like stripping down to their smalls in front of total strangers.
But however unpleasant the experience, there's also something weirdly compelling about them if you have mastered the art of stealthily eyeing up everyone else's cellulite and saddlebags.
It's almost fun — until you spot a toned, leggy, snake-hipped nymph trying on the same dress you are attempting to squash your marshmallow body into.
She looks like Cheryl Cole; you look like Cherie Blair — an observation that is not lost on the rest of the room, who are all sniggering into their skinny white vest tops.
A plioy of many an expensive, independent boutique. They've intimidated you into trying on one of their over-priced designs, but what you won't realise — until it's too late — is that there's no mirror in the changing room.
You will have no option but to come out of the cubicle to view yourself in the shop mirror.
The owner, who has been lying in wait, will pounce and hold you hostage until you agree to buy the unflattering monstrosity that will end up lining the dog basket.
I normally have no idea what I look like from behind and am perfectly happy with this state of affairs.
When I try on a potential purchase, all I care about is that I won't empty a room when I walk into it.
I've spent ten years trying not to catch sight of my bottom in a mirror, so why on earth do shops think I want to look at my body from every conceivable angle There I was, trying to kid myself I didn't have a bottom the size of a retirement bungalow and back fat escaping from my bra — until I stripped off in a changing room with mirrors on all four sides.
You feel fat, frumpy and just know you're going to look like a sack of spuds tied in the middle in the dress you are about to try on.
But, hold on a minute, what's this vision you see before you You're 10lb lighter than you thought, your hair is shining, skin is glowing and your cellulite and muffin top have vanished.
With a skip in your step, you head home with your new dress — only to discover that the supermodel in the changing room mirror has vanished and, in her place is a fat, frumpy sack of spuds tied in the middle.