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AERprocess
Cement industry
KA Rheda-Wiedenbrueck
AERZEN combines blower technology/ new control system for energy saving operation even in case of load changes
If modernisations in wastewater treatment plants are due, as a rule the permanently reducing limit values of ammonium, nitrate and phosphate are pushing the investment decisions. If it concerns the budget, in view of the climate protection and the finances it pays off to include the energy efficiency in the plans. In view of the fact that just the air supply of the aeration often accounts for more than 70 per cent of the operating costs in this field, it soon becomes clear why efficiency improvements pay off especially here - and this with high return on investment periods. This is exactly how wastewater treatment plant Rheda-Wiedenbrück (326,000 population equivalents) planned. They are currently testing a brand-new control concept for the AERZEN blower technology, the AERsmart control combination.
Connected to wastewater treatment plant Rheda Wiedenbrück is Germany's largest pig slaughterhouse.
With a combination of turbo blower, Delta Hybrid and Delta Blower the air for the aeration basins is generated needs-oriented and energy-efficient.
AERtronic is the name of the new solution, with which AERZEN can control the blowers even more energy efficiently.
Oxygen into the basin: About 70 per cent of the energy costs in biological wastewater purification are spent on blower air.
Reducing energy costs have a direct effect on the citizens' purses, in the form of reducing wastewater charges.
Markus Haverkamp, Cord Utermann and Hendrik Wulfhorst are satisfied with the results of the field test.
In 2013, the modernisation work of the wastewater plant began. Connected are the citizens of the Rheda-Wiedenbrück region as well as Germany's largest pig slaughterhouse. A project objective was, to supply the biology more efficiently with air, by not only replacing old ventilation grids by new, but also installing these 30 cm deeper at the ground of the aeration basins. "In view of the surface of the six basins we could increase our processing volume by several hundred cubic metres", explains wastewater manager Hendrik Wulfhorst. Subsequently, however, 30 cm space gained mean an increase of the system pressure of 30 mbar, which had to be considered accordingly concerning the design of the blower technology.
Before the modernisation of the plant, the biology had been run with a high excess of oxygen in the basins, in particular to cover safely the fluctuations concerning the entry values of the slaughterhouse. Finally, with the order to reduce the operating costs and the associated CO2-emission, a clear objective of the project was, to couple in future the aeration of the basins considerably more closely with the fluctuating wastewater load and the resulting oxygen consumption. This implied in the first step the needs-oriented speed control of the totally four blower units made by AERZEN.
More intelligent air supply
The setpoint values are generated by the PLC (programmable logic controller) from the data measured in the wastewater - mainly in the form of ammonium and nitrate concentrations. In addition, there is an intelligent control system of the diaphragm regulating valves. They close slowly, when the required oxygen saturation in the water of the corresponding basin has been achieved. To avoid that this closing leads to a higher pressure - and consequently resistance - in the pipe, in parallel, the PLC reduces the target pressure. "Otherwise we would destroy energy by means of the diaphragm regulating valves, as within a constant pressure regulation the blowers have to work against the pressure loss caused by the diaphragm regulating valves. With a sliding pressure control, we are now regulating considerably more intelligently and efficiently", Markus Haverkamp, project engineer from the supporting planning company aquaconsult, makes clear. For the base load supply of the biology, forming alternately a circuit of ventilated and unventilated basins with three purification stages, the engineering office in Hanover instructed with planning and realisation selected among others a turbo blower made by AERZEN.
Turbo blower for the base load
The type AT 150-0.8S-G5 achieves an intake volume flow of 4,800 cubic metres per hour with a motor nominal power of 143 kW at an intake pressure of 1 bar and a final pressure up to 1.8 bar. For Cord Utermann, sales engineer at AERZEN, turbo blowers are classical representatives of energy-optimised base load machines which should run permanently for 24 hours within the nominal value parameters since then they operate at the highest economic efficiency. "As with almost any turbo technology, the energetic efficiency falls as soon as the machines are driven into the partial-load range", explains Utermann. As a consequence, concepts are to be developed which care for the energy-efficient cleaning of dirt loads varying during the day from high to low. For an optimum of energy efficiency in a wastewater treatment plant, this approach means that the air requirement, exceeding the base load, has to be covered by displacement machines like positive displacement blowers and rotary lobe compressors. They are strong in high control ranges between 25% and 100% and have good efficiency, also in part-load operation. Therefore, two AERZEN packaged units type Delta Hybrid (D 62 S) and one Delta Blower (GM 80 L) are also part of the compound system in the wastewater treatment plant in Rheda-Wiedenbrück.
AERZEN has developed the AERsmart in order that this quartet does not only cover the necessary oxygen for the aeration tanks by a safe process but also generates the required air volume in the most energy-efficient way in the compound system. According to Cord Utermann, "the high art of the control engineering is to create the transitions between the overlaying operating areas as fluently as possible and as energy-efficient for every load as possible, i.e. to operate the different machines in the combination always at total optimum." Those are resulting from "every load complying with the real need" according to Markus Haverkamp. This "always includes upward and downward peaks". Since three different machines with diverging operation ranges and efficiencies are applied in the wastewater treatment plant in Rheda-Wiedenbrück, their operation must be co-ordinated in such a way "that the number of switching operations will be as low as possible. Since the permanent switching-on and switching-off would increase wear", the project engineer of aquaconsult reveals. "An efficient air distribution among the aeration tanks (sliding pressure control, intrusion of disturbances as for example NH4-N, amount of water etc.) and the efficient machine selection are necessary for an optimal overall efficiency. This is realised by means of the new control system of AERZEN."
The oxygen demand in the three clearance stages is the basis for the optimisation of the control system with the AERsmart control. The indices are processed by the central PLC of the plant and the resulting target pressure is transferred by Profibus to the blower control. AERsmart then cares for the optimally combined operation of the four packaged units in relation to energy saving. "The turbo blower used here has, for example, the highest efficiency at a capacity of 83 per cent", explains Cord Utermann. If the air requirement is beyond this value, it can be more efficient, to switch-off the base load machine completely and to cover the relatively low air requirement by both Delta Hybrid machines. "Our bacteria do not care where the oxygen comes from", Hendrik Wulfhorst says with a smile. But the manager of the wastewater treatment plant points out that the blower technology was projected in the run-up to the modernisation so that the performance of the turbo blower should be sufficient for the "normal" daily requirement.
As an interim result, the wastewater treatment plant in Rheda-Wiedenbrück could save about 30 per cent energy in the biology with the energy-optimised blowers and a relatively simple process control which is more closely linked to the prevailing actual values. AERsmart provides further five to eight per cent due to the optimisation on blower level. The field test in the wastewater treatment plant will prove how much this will be in a longer operating phase. Rheda-Wiedenbrück is the first wastewater plant in Germany testing the AERsmart under real conditions. "We need the application on site as we can only recognise the complex connections of a wastewater treatment plant in field; this cannot be reproduced on a test bench. This is why the intensive cooperation with our customers is so important, as only this proceeding provides us with a close application reference for future-oriented developments", summarises Cord Utermann.
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'Wilt, 1962': A Basketball Legend's Record Game Wilt Chamberlain, a seven-foot-tall black man in a white man's NBA, changed professional basketball forever in one momentous night when he scored 100 points. Author Gary M. Pomerantz profiles a natural athlete with be-bop cool.
'Wilt, 1962': A Basketball Legend's Record Game
< 'Wilt, 1962': A Basketball Legend's Record Game
May 25, 200512:00 AM ET
ED GORDON, host:
Among the legendary stars of the NBA, one player stands out. In the 1960s, Wilt Chamberlain was a 7-foot black giant in a white man's league. Chamberlain's prowess brought change to professional basketball, and one moment at night brought the stuff dreams are made of. In a new book titled "Wilt, 1962: The Night of 100 Points and the Dawn of a New Era," author Gary Pomerantz explores the legacy of the star whose life is still defined by numbers.
Mr. GARY POMERANTZ (Author, "Wilt, 1962: The Night of 100 Points and the Dawn of a New Era"): At the moment of his great glory, a minute-25 to play, the kids in Hershey screaming, `Give it to Wilt, give it to Wilt.'
(Soundbite of basketball game)
Unidentified Announcer: One minute and one second to play. He has 98 points. Rodgers??? throws long to Chamberlain. He's got it. He's trying to get up. He shoots. No good. The rebound Luckenbill???, back to Chamberlain. He shoots, up, no good. Now the rebound Luckenbill, back to Lepford???, in to Chamberlain. He made it! All right! He made it!
Mr. POMERANTZ: For a player to score 100 points in an NBA game, he must not only want to do it, he must, on a deeper level, need to do it; to take an opponent, an entire sport, and bend it to his will, to show that it could be done and only by him.
GORDON: Gary Pomerantz, thank you so much for joining us. Greatly appreciate it.
Mr. POMERANTZ: It's my pleasure.
GORDON: I must say, I found it most interesting that you focus in on what is clearly, in my opinion, one of the greatest sports legacies of any professional sports and certainly one of those records that I think will be very hard, if ever broken.
Mr. POMERANTZ: Yes. Wilt Chamberlain's hundred-point game really is the Everest of sports records. I mean, it's never been approached. No one else in an NBA game has scored 90 points or 80 or even 75. The next highest point output by a player, other than Wilt, was 73 points by Denver's David Thompson??? in 1978. So while it's one of sports' most legendary performances, what I discovered was hardly anyone knew anything about it.
GORDON: That's almost what makes it the perfect storm, the fact that it was it Hershey, Pennsylvania at the time; the fact that in 1962, the pro game was not nearly what we know it as in terms of popularity today. There was no footage of this--video footage. I mean, it really lends itself to great sports lure.
Mr. POMERANTZ: Yes. And when you think about the NBA of 1962, you need to forget the glamour and glitz of today's NBA. Back in 1962, the NBA was perceived by many sports journalists as a lounge act. You still had players smoking cigarettes, sometimes at halftime. They were washing their own uniforms in hotel room sinks, and the league was trying to grow new fans by playing games outside of the big cities in places like the famous chocolate town of Hershey.
GORDON: We spoke recently with Walt Frazier and George Gervin, no slouches in their own right, with the NBA, and they said hands down, Wilt Chamberlain was the greatest player they ever played against and certainly they'd ever seen, and people who have seen Michael Jordan find this hard to fathom. But Wilt Chamberlain literally (technical difficulties) the game.
Mr. POMERANTZ: He certainly did. And, you know, with all due respect to Michael Jordan, he could never be Wilt Chamberlain, in part because of the difference in the time periods. Michael Jordan playing in the 1980s and '90s. The league had certainly established itself as a major-league sport at that point. But in 1959, Wilt Chamberlain entered what was largely a white man's enclave, and Wilt Chamberlain took on what was unquestionably a quota. And this quota limited the number of African-American players to initially one or two per team, and then three and four, and what Chamberlain was doing was leading the movement that would shatter that quota to smithereens.
GORDON: I'm wondering if you would agree with this. I have often thought that Wilt Chamberlain didn't always get the due in terms of who he was as a person. When you think about Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier, you had to have--and Branch Rickey has said this--the right person in terms of disposition, intellect and confidence. The same could be said for Wilt Chamberlain in that he embodied all of these and really did move himself and this league forward.
Mr. POMERANTZ: Well, he certainly did, and he was Goliath. He used to say that nobody roots for Goliath. He just didn't reveal much of his softer side. A story that one of his teammates shared with me, Paul Arizin, also a Hall of Fame player, was a teammate for three years with Wilt, 1959 through '62. Now Arizin was white, was married, significantly older than Wilt, and so they never really had a meaningful conversation in three seasons as teammates. Now all these years later, 1997, the NBA names its top 50 players of all time. They honor them at the All-Star Game in Cleveland, and Paul Arizin brings his 16-year-old granddaughter Stephanie,??? who was suffering from an inoperable brain tumor. Wilt Chamberlain found out about this, and he had befriended Stephanie's father, who was Paul's son, Michael,??? in the locker room all those years before, so he begins a letter-writing correspondence with young Stephanie, and in Cleveland, Stephanie's in a wheelchair. Wilt pushes her wheelchair around the room, helping her to obtain all the autographs of the great stars. And when that night was over in Cleveland, Paul Arizin was emotional and he said, `You know, Wilt, I'm indebted to you. I don't know how to thank you.' And when I talked about it with Paul much later, I think what he was struggling to say was only now did it feel truly as if he and Wilt were teammates.
GORDON: When you think about Wilt Chamberlain, outside of the numbers, 100-point game, 50-point average per season, the infamous 20,000 women, what do you think about?
Mr. POMERANTZ: Well, I think of Wilt as the single-most transformative figure in the game's history. I think as time goes by, Wilt will increasingly get his due. For right now, I think we can find the shorthand summary of Wilt's life in two numbers: 20,000 and 100. And, you know, the 20,000, of course, as you say, from his boast late in life that he'd slept with 20,000 women, but the hundred from this magical night in Hershey, Pennsylvania. And needless to say, one number can be proven and the other can't.
GORDON: Well, it is clearly an interesting read. The title is "Wilt, 1962: The Night of 100 Points and the Dawn of a New Era." Gary Pomerantz is the author. We thank you for spending time with us.
Mr. POMERANTZ: Thanks for having me on the show. I've enjoyed it.
GORDON: To hear Gary Pomerantz reading from his book, log on to npr.org.
That does it for the program today. To listen to the show, visit npr.org. NEWS & NOTES was created by NPR News and the African-American public radio consortium.
I'm Ed Gordon. This is NEWS & NOTES.

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Stanford quarterback Kevin Hogan sustained a "significant" ankle sprain in the Cardinal's win over USC and could miss Friday's game at Oregon State, head coach David Shaw told reporters on Monday.
Stanford quarterback Kevin Hogan sustained a "significant" ankle sprain in the Cardinal's victory over USC and could miss Friday's game at Oregon State, head coach David Shaw told reporters on Monday.
Hogan sustained the injury in the second half of Saturday's 41–31 victory, but remained in the game. The senior quarterback finished 18 of 23 for 279 yards and two touchdowns, leading an offense that held the ball for 39:29 compared to USC's 20:31.
If Hogan is out for Friday's game, Stanford will turn to either redshirt sophomore Ryan Burns or redshirt freshman Keller Chryst. Neither has started a game before.
Over three games, Hogan is 55 of 87 (63.2%) for 775 yards, five touchdown and one interception. Stanford (2–1) is No. 21 in the AP Top 25 and No. 24 in the Amway Coaches Poll.


text:
Bibliographie sur l'Irlande

 Francis J. Byrne - Irish Kings and High Kings - Dublin, 1973 réédition Four Courts History Classics Dublin, 2001 .
 H.B. Clarke – Irish Historic Towns Atlas – 11: Dublin part 1, to 1610 – Royal Irish Academy – Dublin 2002
 John Coakley et Michael Gallagher – Politics in the Republic of Ireland – PSAI Press & Folens – Dublin 1993 - 293p –
 Richard Killeen - A Timeline of Irish History, Gill & Macmillan Dublin (2003)
 Richard Killeen - A short History of Ireland, Gill & Macmillan Dublin (2011)
 Ouvrage collectif sous la direction d'Edel Bhreathnach - The Kingship and landscape of Tara, Four Courts Press Dublin (2005)
 Stephen Collins - People, politics and Power from O'Connel to Ahern The O'Brien Press Dublin (2007)
 Neil Collins et Frank McCann – Irish politics today – Manchester University Press 1993 – 147p –
 S.J. Connoly (sld) - The Oxford Compagnion to Irish History - 2002 - Oxford University Press -
 Sean Duffy (sld) – Atlas of Irish history – Gill & Macmillan – Dublin 1997 – 144p –
 Atlas historique de l'Irlande, Autrement, 2002.
 Sean Duffy, The Concise History of Ireland, Gill Books, 2000.
 Steven G. Ellis - Ireland in the age of the Tudors, 1447-1603 - Longman Ed. - 1998 -  -
 Desmond Fennel – The revision of Irish Nationalism – Open Air –Dublin 1989 – 95p
 Robert Kee, Ireland, a History – Abascus – London 1982 – 256p -
 A New History of Ireland, Vol. I « Prehistoric and Early Ireland » Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (Editor)  .
 T.W. Moody, F.X. Martin & F.J. Byrne - A New History of Ireland, Vol. IX « Maps, généalogies, lists. A companion to irish history Part II », ed. Moody ; Oxford, 1984 réédition 2011,  .
 Richard Deutsch (sld.) – Les Républicanismes irlandais – Éditions Terre de Brume & Presses universitaires de Rennes – Rennes 1997 – 240p
 René Fréchet – Histoire de l'Irlande – Que sais-je ?  – PUF –  MàJ 1990 –
 Jean Guiffan – Histoire de l'Irlande – Hatier - Paris 1992 - 272p -
 Jean Guiffan – La question d'Irlande – Ed. Complexe –Bruxelles1989 -
 Pierre Joannon - Histoire de l'Irlande et des Irlandais, GLM (Perrin), Paris, 2006, 685 p..
 Pierre Joannon - Irlande, Terre des Celtes (photographies Seamas Daly), éditions Ouest-France, Rennes, 1999,
 Jean Lozes - Lexique d'histoire et de civilisation irlandaises – Ellipse – Paris 1999 – 239p –
 Daibhi O'Croinin - Early medieval Ireland, 400-1200 - Longman Ed. - 1995 -  -
 Barry Raftery - L'Irlande celtique, éditions Errance, Paris, 2006,
 Nathalie Stalmans - Saints d'Irlande, Analyse critique des sources hagiographiques -- siècles- Presses universitaires de Rennes (2003)
 Agnès Maillot - IRA. Les républicains irlandais Presses Universitaires de Caen (2001)

 Voir aussi le magazine bimestriel History Ireland.

Littérature irlandaise
Irlande

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