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Uncut replies from the Science-ish questionnaire
From the Hon. Leona Aglukkaq, the Hon. Hedy Fry and the Hon. Libby Davies
By Julia Belluz November 30, 2012
Replies from the office of the Hon. Leona Aglukkaq, Federal Minister of Health
1. In your opinion, what is the role of the federal government in health care?
Our Government has a clear and strong commitment to health care. We actively support a publicly funded, universally accessible system that respects the principles of the Canada Health Act. Federal funding for health care has reached historic levels. With Budget 2012, we have put the Canada Health Transfer on a sustainable long-term growth track, reaching at least $40 billion by 2020 21. This will provide provinces and territories with the certainty and flexibility they need to address current priorities and to plan for the future. We also work with our partners to support health care innovation, with annual investments of over $1 billion in research and system improvement. And we play a direct role in promoting healthy lifestyles and regulating health and consumer products to reduce health risks. These federal actions and investments in health care are helping to keep Canada's health care system strong so that Canadians can get the care they need, when they need it.
2. With the nature of health care changing (less hospital, more alternative providers, more prescription drugs), how should Medicare be changed to meet the needs of Canadians?
Our Government respects provincial and territorial jurisdiction, and believes that each province and territory has unique challenges. We will not impose an "Ottawa Knows Best" approach; rather, we will provide stable, predictable financial transfers that will allow governments to properly plan and deliver medicare.
We will also continue to invest in research and innovation, which provinces and territories can use to strengthen how they deliver healthcare.
3. Is there a role for an independent science advisor to the federal government? If not, why? And how might scientific advice be better sought by or provided to government?
"Science" is a very broad field and it would be impossible for one person to provide expert advice on all science. As a science based Department, Health Canada depends on access to high quality scientific knowledge to support policy formulation, the development and implementation of regulations, and the delivery of programs and services. Scientists contribute to decision making by collecting and analyzing information related to health risks and identifying possible ways of dealing with those risks. To this end, the Department conducts science, as well as uses scientific knowledge derived from external sources.
The Department uses several internal mechanisms including peer review and committees, where policy makers and scientists provide Health Canada senior management with advice on scientific matters.
Additionally, the Department relies on the advice and expertise of over 100 advisory committees and panels that are each specific to a highly specialized area. These committees and panels assist in the early identification of issues and bring to the table views and findings that may otherwise be overlooked. URL: http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/sr-sr/advice-avis/com/index-eng.php When using science from outside, we consider all the available evidence and make decisions with this in mind.
4. How do you ensure our health policies are informed by good evidence?
See below for combined response with the next question.
5. Sometimes all that¹s known in health research is not reflected in the policies that are made. Do you have any particular plans to close the research to action gap in this country?
Health policy decision-makers and health care professionals need evidence to deliver high-quality, appropriate, and effective care. The Government of Canada, though CIHR, is making this happen through the Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR).
SPOR emphasizes the translation of research evidence and innovations to patient care settings to improve patient outcomes and the quality of health care. SPOR also leads to the commercialization of new health products and therapies. It helps bring the best products and therapies out of the research environment and into the hands of patients and health care providers. And because SPOR is a collaboration between the federal and provincial/territorial governments, the speed of uptake of these policies, practices, therapies, and innovations is maximized. CIHR has also had great success with programs such as Partnership for Health Systems Improvement (PHSI), which supports teams of researchers and decision makers interested in conducting applied and policy-relevant research that is guided by the information needs of users of research. This meaningful collaboration between researchers and decision makers is jointly funded 70% by CIHR and 30% by partners, to ensure that evidence is built in conjunction with policy makers to increase its uptake.
6. Do you have any plans for measures and benchmarks for federal investments in science and medicine, to ensure accountability and that money is being spent wisely and with good results? If so, what do these look like?
Federal investments in science take many forms. In Health Canada's Portfolio, we make investments in university-based health research through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR). CIHR, along with the other university research granting councils, is taking steps to strengthen its performance measurement of both its investigator-driven and strategic investments. Science done within Health Canada is subject to the same accountability measures as any other government spending — managers are accountable for ensuring value for money for their spending.
Through its Strategy for Patient-Oriented research (SPOR), CIHR is focused on getting results for Canadians. SPOR is about value for money, and funding is contingent on the evaluation of performance metrics, outcomes, and progress. CIHR, through SPOR, is working in close collaboration with provinces/territories in developing and promoting new research approaches that will result in more efficient, cost-effective health services in patient care settings. Most importantly, SPOR will improve patient outcomes and the quality of health care.
7. There is a growing acceptance that universities need to engage more with industry and other non-academic partners, but there is some concern about how and where basic research is going to be supported. How do you ensure support for basic research amid this emphasis on industrial R&D?
It is indeed important to engage with industry and other non-academic partners to move health research through the innovation pipeline – for both the health and economic benefits to Canadians. However, CIHR remains committed to supporting basic research. This research is central to the mandate of CIHR, and central to health research enterprise in Canada. Through its open funding programs, for example, CIHR provides strong support for basic research that helps Canada sustain a broad-based foundation of expertise. This allows us to draw upon this expertise to address the pressing health concerns of Canadians and of those responsible for health care delivery.
8. At the recent Science Policy Conference in Calgary, a key topic of discussion was the question of how to increase private sector investment and involvement in research and development, since the scientific community is concerned that despite having one of the most generous incentive programs in the world it doesn't seem to be working effectively. What does your party believe is the problem and how might you address it?
I would refer you to Minister Goodyear's office to respond to this question.
9. Can you describe your health research priorities?
Our government is focused on supporting research that produces outcomes for Canadians. In its latest strategic plan published in 2009, CIHR identified five broad priorities in which they committed to invest in order to respond to Canadian health and health system challenges:
1) Enhance patient-oriented care and improve clinical results through scientific and technological innovations
2) Support a high-quality and sustainable health-care system
3) Reduce health inequities of Aboriginal peoples and other vulnerable populations
4) Prepare for and respond to existing and emerging global threats to health
5) Promote health and reduce the burden of chronic diseases and mental illness
To support these priorities, CIHR launched a process in 2010 to attain greater focus and impact from its strategic investments. This process involved environmental scanning and evaluation to identify needs and opportunities where additional research could make a difference and produce measurable results. From this process, CIHR identified eight Signature Initiatives that will help CIHR allocate its resources to make the strongest possible impact on health and health care. They are:
· Canadian Epigenetics, Environment and Health Research Consortium
· Inflammation in Chronic Disease
· Community-Based Primary Health Care
· Personalized Medicine
· Evidence Informed Healthcare Renewal
· International Collaborative Research Strategy for Alzheimer's Disease
· Pathways to Health Equity for Aboriginal Peoples
· Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR)
Significant progress has been made in the development and implementation of the initiatives and funding opportunities have been announced for some of them.
10. Given that health research is largely managed federally but healthcare funding and delivery is managed provincially, is Canada achieving optimal coordination and proportional impact in its health research investment? If not, what would better structures or links look like?
Coordination between the Government of Canada and the provinces/territories is essential if we are to support research that delivers results for Canadians. Through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, the federal government is tackling this issue directly with its Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research (SPOR). SPOR is a new way of working collaboratively with the provinces/territories and like-minded partners, to leverage resources and support research that will transform Canada's health care system. CIHR is currently working with the provinces/territories (as well as patients and other partners) to create research networks and SUPPORT units. These networks and SUPPORT units will help take our best research evidence out of the research environment and put it into the hands of the health care providers and policy makers who can make a real difference in the lives of Canadians.
11. There is concern among health professionals, particularly in motions passed at the Canadian Medical Association annual meeting this summer, about the study and data availability on the effects of the fracking and oil sands industries on health. One suggestion was to establish an open and centralized database with mandatory reporting by independent researchers, government and industry on all data collected on the effects of resource extraction projects on health and the environmental determinants of health. What do you think of this idea? Or how do you plan to address this concern?
In Canada, except on federal lands, the responsibility for managing natural resource development, including oil and gas exploration and production, falls primarily under provincial jurisdiction. Health Canada works with the provinces and territories to protect the health of Canadians by assessing chemicals that may be harmful to human health.
Health Canada has provided input and support for an Environment Canada-led voluntary survey to identify substances used in fracking, and methods for handling and disposing of fracturing fluid. The Government will evaluate information from this survey to determine if additional actions are required. Health Canada is also working with international partners to share information and best practices on assessing the risks of chemicals used in shale gas extraction.
12. The World Health Organization calls climate change the greatest global health threat of the 21st century. What steps are you taking to tackle this challenge?
I would refer you to Minister Kent's office, as Environment Canada is the lead department on climate change.
13. As other jurisdictions have moved ahead with clinical trials registries and other types of oversight and stringent regulation of clinical trials, researchers have called Canada's regulatory response inadequate and comparatively weak. How do you plan to address and respond to those concerns?
Health Canada allows access to drugs in clinical trials when the use of the drug for the purposes of the clinical trial does not endanger the health of a clinical trial subject, as well as when the clinical trial is not contrary to the best interests of a clinical trial subject and the objectives of the trial are considered to be achievable. Health Canada has a strong regulatory framework for clinical drug trials involving humans – our objectives are to help ensure that participants are not exposed to undue risks, as well as to promote sound clinical trials.
Health Canada is involved in several initiatives that together aim to improve the regulatory environment. For example, Health Canada supported the new Canadian General Standards Board standard Research Ethics Oversight of Biomedical Clinical Trials which establishes a common framework for research ethics boards in Canada. These standards aim to further protect Canadians participating in clinical trials. Internationally, Health Canada has engaged with other countries in the OECD to establish common expectations for a risk-based approach to regulatory review of clinical trials (http://www.oecd.org/sti/scienceandtechnologypolicy/49344626.pdf). Such a regulatory approach aims to increase the number of international clinical trials in Canada thus making more trials available to Canadians.
Finally, Health Canada is planning on publishing information on its website about all clinical trials to be carried out in patients. By providing access to this information, Canadians will be able to check for potential drugs to treat their disease, as well as confirm if a drug is allowed (by Health Canada) for use in a clinical trial. This is an important first step in providing more information to Canadians.
More broadly, Health Canada has embarked on a far-reaching agenda to change the way we regulate pharmaceuticals. Our goal is a modern system that delivers more timely approval of needed medications, strengthens drug safety and is more transparent and understandable to Canadians.
Replies from the office of the Hon. Hedy Fry, Federal Liberal Health Critic
The federal government is the founder of Medicare and the keeper of the Canada Health Act. It is responsible for equality of access to medically necessary care across this country and for that reason has a leadership role. That role was strengthened in the 2004 Health Accord, signed between Prime Minister Paul Martin and the Premiers.
The Accord set out objectives for achieving the transformative change necessary to maintain Medicare and a proactive health promotion and disease prevention strategy.
The Accord created a new jurisdictional flexibility that allowed the federal government to play a strong role in hitherto provincial jurisdiction in partnership with the provinces and territories. Therefore, it included the development of a national pharmaceutical strategy to facilitate access to medically necessary drugs for the chronically and terminally ill and a pan-Canadian Health Human Resource Strategy to ensure access to health care professionals – both of which were exclusively provincial jurisdictions.
In effect, the ten-year 2004 Health Accord expanded the role of the federal government to more than a cheque-writer for the provinces and keeper of the Canada Health Act.
When Medicare and the Canada Health Act were established, the objective was to cover hospital and physician-based care only.
Today, with demographic changes, increased longevity and technological advances, the health care needs of Canadians have changed. "Wait times" have increased. Chronic and long-term care patients are cared for in hospitals, contributing to bed shortages and overcrowding in emergency departments.
Moreover, where, when, and by whom, health care was delivered was purely a provincial jurisdiction. The cost of Medicare spiralled and private/public models, with user-pay, co-pay were being discussed.
In 2003, Prime Minister Chretien met with provincial/territorial premiers with the objective of finding new ways to make Medicare affordable and sustainable.
In 2004, Prime Minister Martin met again with the premiers to bring about the transformative changes that everyone agreed would be needed to achieve that goal. As a result, a 2004 Health Accord was signed between the Federal/Provincial/Territorial First Ministers. It ushered in a new era of jurisdictional flexibility in which the federal government would act as a partner in bringing about required changes in the system.
The Accord identified the need to shift from an acute care model to a community/home based model of care.
It also identified the need to expand from physician-based care to multidisciplinary teams, each working within their scope of practice.
As one of the core five objectives established under the Accord, part of the $41.2 billion federal contribution, was targeted specifically to pilot these models in order to "meet the objective of 50% of Canadians having 24/7 access to multidisciplinary teams by 2011. Building on this progress, First Ministers agree[d] to establish a best practices network to share information and find solutions to barriers to progress in primary health care reform such as scope of practice. First Ministers agree[d] to regularly report on progress."
Because the Conservative government, in 2006, walked away from these elements of the Accord, little has been done to achieve this objective. While some provinces have developed certain successful models, many other provinces have not and the "best practices", which would have been a federal role, was never shared.
We need more than a science advisor; we need an independent science panel for different sectors. However, this question is moot since we have seen this government ignore the advice of its own expert panels, its own scientific advisors within the bureaucracy, and scientific researchers at facilities independent of government. Currently there are many scientific advisory panels, who continue to advise, but are generally ignored.
Evidence-based information must be the core of any decision-making surrounding good health policy, public health initiatives, health care management and delivery.
We can achieve this by:
ensuring the federal government maintain a leadership role, in close partnership, not only with provinces and territories, but also with research bodies and deliverers of health care, and public health officers;
creating new structures for sharing information and best practices, as mentioned in the research answer above;
Setting clear indicators for population health, measurable outcomes and objectives, and regular evaluation processes; and
Creating rapid response communication links between federal, provincial and intra-provincial governments and public health institutions for response in health care crises.
In some cases, Ministers of Health, including the federal minister, should be guided by expert advisory groups in areas where policy may be controversial or complex. There must be regular First Ministers Meetings on Health to focus on setting priorities and goals, share resources and develop accountability mechanisms to the public.
Evidence shows that major transformative change is necessary in order to sustain Medicare, so that acute care will be delivered in hospitals, but chronic, long-term, and home care should be part of new community care models that will decrease the need for hospital care. This is why, in 2004, F/P/T Ministers agreed on the need for a third party reporting mechanism by independent agencies, to report back on progress and outcomes.
Evidence also shows that multidisciplinary teams including, but not limited to, health care providers can achieve better outcomes and quality care. For example, a community care team may include, as well, housing experts, social workers, school counsellors, and NGOs service delivery workers.
Evidence also shows that approximately 60% of illness is preventable, so that strong disease prevention and health promotion policies, supported by appropriate funding, will result in healthier, more productive populations, with less need for illness care services.
Public policy, based on ideology, can be dangerous when it comes to health. Clinical guidelines, established by physicians, researchers, and other experts are essential to effective health policy.
5. Sometimes all that's known in health research is not reflected in the policies that are made. Do you have any particular plans to close the research to action gap in this country?
All levels of government must be guided, in their decision-making, by a process that is based on evidence, strong indicators, measurable outcomes, identifiable goals, and frequent evaluation. Partnerships with expert advisory groups would result in action that reflects health research.
We have witnessed, with this government, that policy decisions are not often based on evidence. One example is the Minister of Health refusing to heed the advice of expert working groups on sodium, trans-fats, and energy drinks to regulate these products.
Another example is the government's refusal to heed the advice of physicians and public health officers on the negative impact of health care cuts to refugees, not only on the health of refugees themselves, but in the case of undiagnosed communicable diseases, on the public at large.
Yes, we think that measures and benchmarks for federal investments in science and medicine are essential. We also think this should be extended to setting benchmarks for population health, environment, and technology.
In the 2004 Health Accord benchmarks and timelines were set in the areas of wait-times, health human resources, pharmacare, e-health, and community care models. Third party institutions such as the Canadian Institute of Health Information, the Health Council of Canada and the Wait Time Alliance were established to monitor progress and report annually with regard to the progress and achieving benchmarks. Since 2007, each of these groups, in their annual reports, cited lack of federal leadership as the reason for failure to progress. As we know, the current government ignored these reports.
It is essential to have third party accountability structures to measure, evaluate, and report on government's adherence to, and progress on, benchmarks. These third party bodies should report to the public through Parliament.
Government must invest as a public sector into basic research on merit that would lead to improvements in the lives of its citizens.
At the same time, one must acknowledge that basic research can lead to new products, new drugs, and new innovations that could have commercial applications within and outside of Canada.
For the two of them to be totally separate and isolated may not be practical. Inevitably, the majority of basic research is a stepping stone to new product and new technology development.
8. At the recent Science Policy Conference in Calgary, a key topic of discussion was the question of how to increase private sector investment and involvement in research and development, since the scientific community is concerned that, despite having one of the most generous incentive programs in the world, it doesn't seem to be working effectively. What does your party believe is the problem and how might you address it?
Research and development itself is not enough. Private companies must be able to commercialize and market the products, technologies, or ideas. This is why the previous Liberal government established Technology Partnerships Canada and the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, which proved successful.
These partnerships led to commercialization of ground-breaking technological innovations such as RADARSAT, Cassiopeia, new drugs, and biomedical technologies.
Another solution would be for government to partner with new research that has a commercial value, through the Department of International Trade. Government-hosted trade shows and promotion of these products and technologies in international markets could provide an incentive for private research.
Health research priorities must be informed by the health needs of the population and national health care goals, and must be linked to goal-driven outcomes, and backed by the financial and human resources necessary to drive progress.
Priorities could be:
Practical research in terms of innovative health care delivery systems that would improve the sustainability of Medicare;
Health promotion and disease prevention measures;
Research that would establish clinical guidelines resulting in better quality outcomes of care;
Alzheimer`s disease and other forms of dementia; and
Links between genomics, disease, and treatment.
10. Given that health research is largely managed federally but healthcare funding and delivery is managed provincially, is Canada achieving optimal coordination and proportional impact in its health research and investment? If not, what would better structures or links look like?
Provinces already conduct health research in areas of health innovation, management, treatment, and delivery models. The federal government, through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, which were established under the Chretien Liberal government, plays a greater role in various levels of research including in health promotion and disease prevention, etc.
A collaborative model should be set up, in which the CIHR worked with provinces to identify regional research priorities, pool resources, set indicators and common outcome measurements. It would also allow for sharing of data and best-practice models. This would achieve efficiencies, cost-effectiveness, and focus, allowing fewer areas of duplication and omission.
This sounds like a good idea. Our party believes in evidence-driven policy, and firmly supports applying health impact assessments to economic, environmental, and social development projects in order to ensure that the impact of government policies and programs, on human health, are positive, and not negative. The Environmental Protection Act was brought in under Pierre Trudeau's Liberal government, precisely for this purpose. It has been weakened and often circumvented by this current government.
The previous Liberal government had a plan that would have met our Kyoto emissions targets by 90% in 2017.
Canada was a world leader in climate change talks, in fact, being a key promoter of the Kyoto Accord in 1997 and led the world to an agreement in Montreal in 2005.
Canada has a responsibility to be a global leader in meeting our greenhouse gas emissions targets, if only because we are one of the world's highest consumers of energy and therefore a major contributor to global warming.
Under this Conservative government, Canada has become a laggard on the issue of climate change, labeled "Fossil of the Year", for each of the past five years, during international climate change talks. They abandoned Kyoto, eliminated scientists at Environment Canada and Fisheries and Oceans and did not renew the Oceans Strategy brought in by the last Liberal government. They have gutted environment protection legislation and closed the PEARL Arctic Research Station.
There is clear evidence that climate change has led to rising sea levels, more intense storms, fires, droughts and floods. The result being displaced families, famine, and destruction, leading to concerns for food security, since famine would inevitably affect the ability of many nations to grow enough food to feed their citizens.
There is no doubt that climate change is a global health crisis.
There is evidence of increased asthma in children and higher rates of skin cancer. Preliminary evidence has linked certain cancers (especially Leukemias) to climate change and other environmental hazards.
We need a government that accepts the science of climate change.
We need a comprehensive climate change strategy that would:
Reduce the expected "annual adaptation costs", estimated as $21 to $43 billion annually by 2050.
Eventually attain the ghg emission goals we committed to internationally.
Commit Canada to its fair share to fill the megaton gap. (There is a shortfall between what the world promised and what we need to do slow climate change.)
Maintain global temperature rise to no more than 2 degrees Celsius.
Recognise that non-renewable energy sources are unsustainable and transition to national sustainable energy and economic growth strategies.
Set targets for efficiency, renewable energy, and transportation.
Protect air quality, the Boreal forest, and water quality.
Assess the potential human health impacts of the oil sands.
Assess the use of water by extractive industries to ensure they do not deplete Canada's water resources.
Assess, invest in, and create incentives to develop the best technologies needed to achieve these goals.
13. As other jurisdictions have moved ahead with clinical trials registries and other types of oversight and stringent regulation of clinical trials, researchers have called Canada¹s regulatory response inadequate and comparatively weak. How do you plan to address and respond to those concerns?
Safety and efficacy of drugs is a key objective of the regulatory authority of Health Canada. Therefore, attention to process, timeliness, and reporting to the public is important.
The Auditor General found that Health Canada did not disclose trials that were rejected, nor did the department fulfil its commitment to disclose authorised clinical trials to the public, leading to potential risk of Canadians participating in an unauthorised clinical trial.
We will ensure that there are adequate resources, both financial and human, to fulfill requirements in a timely manner.
Evaluate outcomes of processes regularly.
Change regulations as necessary in order to improve safety and accountability
Ensure the public is fully informed about risks associated with drugs undergoing or have undergone clinical trials.
Ensure processes in place are evaluated regularly, so that physicians, pharmacists and the consumer are aware of adverse drug reactions as early as possible.
It is the responsibility of the Minister of Health to protect the health and safety of Canadians.
Replies from the office of the Hon. Libby Davies, Federal NDP Health Critic (in conjunction with NDP Critic for Science and Technology Kennedy Stewart and NDP Environment Critic Megan Leslie)
We need a federal government that makes health care a priority like Canadians do; a government that is actively engaged with provinces and territories to ensure that Canadians continue to have access to high-quality public health care throughout their life.
The NDP believes that, in order to achieve that goal, the government must meet with the provinces and territories to:
establish a pan-Canadian pharmaceutical strategy that guarantees access to affordable and safe prescription medications;
develop a continuing care strategy, to provide comprehensive community care and long-term residential services;
reduce wait times for access to care and ensure a community health care provider for every Canadian;
help create social and economic conditions that allow every Canadian to lead a healthy life.
In contrast, the Conservatives have regularly refused to meet with provincial and territorial Health Ministers, and unilaterally cut $36 billion from provincial health transfers —even before provincial Health Accords come up for renegotiation in 2014 .
To hear more about the NDP's vision for the federal role in health care, go to: ndp.ca/health
Health care is a priority for Canadians, and it should be a priority for their government too. New Democrats are committed to ensuring Canadians have access to sustainable, affordable, and high-quality public health care in every corner of the country. Working in collaboration with the provinces and territories, New Democrats would bring Medicare into the 21st century.
The federal government should work with provinces and territories to ensure Canadians have access to better coverage for prescription medications at a lesser cost, by expanding and maintaining public coverage and ensuring that bulk buying reduces costs.
More and more Canadians have multiple chronic conditions, such as diabetes, asthma, or heart conditions, which are best addressed through services in the community rather than the hospital waiting room. Access to community care clinics that offer a variety of practitioners, including nurse practitioners, family physicians, physiotherapists, dieticians, and mental health treatment, must be expanded across the country. Canadians, and particularly seniors, deserve more options like home care and more affordable and reliable residential care.
We need to improve the social determinants of health – factors such as access to nutritious food, active living, clean drinking water, education, adequate incomes, and affordable housing. These have the largest impact on the overall health of Canadians and, when unattended, create significant costs for the health care system.
Finally we need a commitment to long-term and stable funding for health care. Whereas the Conservatives have unilaterally imposed $36 billion in cuts, New Democrats would uphold the agreed-upon 6% escalator in federal health transfers and work with provinces and territories for a new set of health accords that ensure improved health outcomes for Canadians.
Now is the time to start building the next generation of health care in our country. To find out more about the NDP's vision for the future of health care, check out: www.ndp.ca/health
The Conservative rejection of science is especially offensive, but it has long been a challenge for science to be accurately represented within policy processes and political discussion.
One idea we have heard during the early stages of our consultations to strengthen science in Canada is to create a Parliamentary Scientific Officer – much like the current Parliamentary Budget Officer. This independent office of the legislature could be appointed by a legislative committee and empowered to study the widest possible range of issues related to natural, health and social sciences.
His or her non-partisan, expert, and public assessments would provide Canadians with advice they need to deal with issues that will dominate Canada for the foreseeable future regarding the economy, security, health and the environment. This is one option that deserves serious consideration, but certainly an NDP government would ensure better internal support and promotion of science and evidence in policy making.
New Democrats understand that health care policies must be backed by a wealth of good evidence.
As an example, our health critic Libby Davies has worked with a variety of organizations in the health and scientific community to draft her Bill C-460, An Act respecting the implementation of the Sodium Reduction Strategy for Canada. Researchers and expert organizations presented compelling evidence that reducing the amount of salt in our food would prevent up to 23,500 cardiovascular disease events, and in turn, the deaths of 10,000-16,000 Canadians every year. Bill C-460 illustrates how the federal government can consult the health and scientific communities to develop policy responses that tackle pressing health issues.
Consensus is building that ensuring every Canadian has the opportunity to lead a healthy life –through access to healthy food, affordable housing, and decent incomes – is the best way to prevent persistent health problems.
We need evidence and research to inform what policies can best tackle these issues, what experts call the social determinants of health, but the Conservatives have cut government science and are not listening to the evidence of their own researchers. The Public Health Agency of Canada is being eroded, despite its vital role of oversight of public health for the Federal government.
There is a clear knowledge gap between Conservative policy makers and those impacted by government policies, including Canada's leading health researchers. To close this gap we must rebuild trust with researchers and garner direct input from them through substantive consultations.
Additionally, provinces and territories must be treated as partners rather than opponents. As provinces carry the bulk of health care cost burden, they have a tremendous potential to promote R&D through procurement policies. They also invest directly in Science &Tech (S&T) and develop expertise relevant for policy areas ('clusters') within their jurisdictions. We need to better coordinate these efforts and support this process.
We believe that the Federal Government must build a healthy and respectful relationship with the health and scientific communities, as well as with the provinces and territories, to determine the important health care issues facing our country and to develop policies that provide the funding and programs needed to address them.
New Democrats are taking a leading role on this, working with scientists and researchers across the country to develop a national science policy. See www.kennedystewart.ca for the first in a series of discussion papers, "Toward a National Science Policy for Canada".
First, we have to recognize that overall government S&T funding is declining. Second, we need to follow other OECD countries and publish data on the percentage of government funds used for discovery research and the percentage used for applied research. Once we have these input benchmarks established, then we can work on output measures.
In terms of discovery research, payoffs through commercialization often do not materialize until decades after the original investment. We need to continue to rely on the production of peer-reviewed publications to assess research progress – although new assessment measures such as 'article impact' will help refine these standard measures of success.
In terms of applied research, we need to work more closely with international partners to develop effective measures, for example looking at how research leads to cluster development in particular cities and regions. Parliament should receive regular reporting on these benchmarks.
The NDP recognizes the important work that arises from academic-industry collaboration, but we assert that the decision to work with industry must be made freely by individual researchers, not be forced upon them because public funding for basic research is no longer available.
For example, Conservative budget cuts to basic science have forced the National Sciences and Engineering Council (NSERC) to terminate the Major Resources Support (MRS) program, radically restructure the Research Tools and Instruments (RTI) grants, and reduce NSERC Post Doctoral Fellowships funding.
It is misguided to put the onus on universities and researchers for low levels of innovation rather than recognizing their achievements despite dramatically reduced funding. Instead, we must focus on where stimulus is actually needed to promote industrial R&D. While this budget cycle sees a six percent reduction in government spending on R&D in Canada, our international competitors are continuing to invest smartly in proven fields of growth.
The Jenkins report on innovation states the onus is on industry to seek out and invest in new ideas. Unfortunately, the Conservatives paint discovery researchers as failing and then use this narrative to shift money away from basic research and toward industry subsidies. This is a dangerous game as it undermines the highest functioning segment of Canada`s innovation ecosystem.
The NDP believes in science and our scientists. We are working with the research community to undo the damage Conservatives are causing with this tactic.
8. At the recent Science Policy Conference in Calgary, a key topic of discussion was the question of how to increase private sector investment and involvement in research and development, since the scientific community is concerned that despite having one of the most generous incentive programs in the world it doesn¹t seem to be working effectively. What does your party believe is the problem and how might you address it?
In his plenary speech at this year's CSPC conference, the NDP critic for Science and Technology Kennedy Stewart, made this exact point. One of our major economic problems is our abysmal productivity rate, in large part caused by a lack of private sector investment in R&D.
Conservative policy in this area is confused. They speak to the importance of stimulating innovation and growth but then cut the SR&ED tax credit program by $500 million per year, and reduce innovation funding. They say they value science and then cut 1500 scientists from federal institutions and muzzle those who remain.
New Democrats are consulting widely across the innovation ecosystem to discover what causes this productivity gap and developing policy to place Canada in a position of strength in the highly competitive global economy.
Research into the safety and efficacy of medical treatments is a key priority. The letters and emails we receive from Canadians request more research into new or emerging treatments for many illnesses, such as MS, rare diseases, juvenile diabetes, Autism, as well as better investigation of the safety of current prescription medications.
Canadians are worried the government is making health care decisions based on ideology or misinformation, rather than supporting or paying attention to the research.
The process for federal funding of health care research should be largely guided by the health care research community through a rigorous peer-review process and extensive consultation. The process should be transparent and accountable.
One idea we have heard through our consultations on science policy is rather than cabinet appointing the head of major funding agencies such as CIHR, NSERC, SSHRC and NRC, these agency heads should instead be elected by the scientific community. While this idea needs further exploration, in combination with other accountability mechanisms it is one way to further insulate research funding from the partisan interference we currently experience.
As long as Conservatives continue to actively undermine opportunities for federal and provincial cooperation and sustain coordinated attacks on scientific research capacity, we cannot achieve optimal health coordination or impacts for Canadians. The Conservatives are set on waging a war on knowledge by abolishing critical health research tools such as the long-form census, while at the same time firing hundreds of federal government researchers, muzzling scientists, and massively reducing funding for science and technology research.
A better approach would be for Canada to work with the provinces to become a global health research leader. Cooperation will require a "no surprises" approach where the federal government provides predictable and adequate funding to healthcare research programs with minimal political interference. The federal government should also work with provinces to make important health data available to researchers while protecting privacy.
Part of protecting human health is to ensure that industrial projects affecting our environment – including fish habitat and watersheds – undergo rigorous environmental assessment. These should always incorporate analysis of a project's impact on climate change and related human health implications.
New Democrats oppose the dismantling of environmental assessment in successive Conservative omnibus budget bills. Effective and comprehensive environmental assessment, including analysis of cumulative effects of multiple projects, has long-term economic benefits as it prevents environmental degradation affecting human health, particularly with respect to the monitoring and maintenance of water, soil and air quality.
In our report, Missing in Action, prepared in response to the parliamentary committee study on the oil sands in 2010, New Democrats called for an independent study and long term monitoring of the health impacts of oil sands development on people, particularly for those living downstream and downwind.
New Democrats also strongly support the mandatory disclosure of fracking fluid components. Although industry is favourable to stricter disclosure requirements, the federal Conservatives are pursuing a voluntary approach, not mandatory chemical disclosure. Federal New Democrats have advocated examining federal legislation like the Canada Water Act and the Canadian Environmental Protection Act, to ensure that the provisions that protect drinking water and water resources are adequate.
The potential human and social costs of unchecked climate change are staggering. Managing the impacts of climate change could cost $5 billion per year by 2020, particularly because of its negative impact on health outcomes. Federal leadership is required here in Canada and internationally on the issue of climate change; it is a matter of national security.
A NDP government would strive to provide a framework for ambitious, science-based reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. This framework would achieve the national emissions reduction target of 80% below 1990 levels by 2050, through policy tools that will not only cut GHG emissions, but also create jobs, provide regulatory certainty for industry and save Canadians money.
It is also essential that programs be put in place to help Canadian communities adapt to and mitigate the impacts of climate change, including health impacts. The reality is that taking action on climate change means cleaner air and water, which improves health outcomes.
Internationally, Canada must work to achieve a fair, ambitious and binding agreement with our global partners, so that we can avoid a 2° increase in the planetary temperature. Increases over two degrees would lead to massive flooding of low-lying areas, untenable ocean acidification, and extreme weather including drought, all of which will seriously affect agriculture, fisheries, food production, human migration and human health.
Ambitious action will place Canada advantageously in the race to develop and manufacture leading green technologies. There is great economic potential in leading the world in efforts to pass on a healthy planet to future generations.
The federal government has a responsibility to institute a clear and transparent regulatory process, to ensure that Canadians receive safe and adequate treatment.
As it is, Health Canada does not track and release information about the clinical trials used to determine the safety and efficacy of prescription medications, even though the FDA follows such a system. This undermines the ability of medical professionals and patients to make decisions about what medications best treat specific illnesses.
Well-regulated clinical trials bring important human, social, and economic benefits to Canadians. Patients can benefit from cutting-edge medical developments, and researchers can work at the vanguard of their fields. It is also an integral part of the health R&D ecosystem, providing millions of dollars and thousands of jobs.
A leadership role for the government in this area would improve safety for Canadians and help generate important research. A bold vision for the integration of research and health care could include sustainable infrastructure, staffing, resources, and career support for the generation and integration of research. It could provide a focus on patient care and more stimulus for patient-oriented research.
FILED UNDER: canadian health care Federal minister of health Leona Aglukkaq Science-ish


text:
Failed Terrorism Charges Reheard in Immigration Court
Image has not been found. URL: /wp-content/uploads/2009/04/holder-obama.jpgAttorney General Eric Holder and President Barack Obama (AP Photo)
In August 2007, Youssef Megahed, an Egyptian-born 23-year-old engineering student from Tampa, Florida was pulled over by a police officer while driving through South Carolina with a friend to a North Carolina beach for vacation, they said. But the police found low-level explosives in the trunk and arrested the two men. Megahed's friend, fellow University of South Florida classmate Ahmed Mohammed, said he'd purchased the explosives to make fireworks, but the police, and later federal prosecutors, were not convinced.
Both men were charged with illegally transporting explosives and held in federal prison.
Law.jpg
Illustration by: Matt Mahurin
Eventually Mohammed, who's originally from Kuwait, admitted to creating a You Tube video showing how to make a remote control toy vehicle explode, and pleaded guilty to terrorism charges. He's now serving a sentence of up to 15 years in prison.
But Megahed said he had nothing to do with the video, the explosives or terrorism. He'd met Mohammed at school and known him less than a year. A legal U.S. resident who'd immigrated to Florida more than ten years earlier with his family, Megahed insisted on exercising his right to a trial.
On April 3, after four days of deliberation, the jury in Megahed's case delivered their verdict: not guilty.
That wasn't the end of Megahed's ordeal, however. Just three days later, he was surrounded by more than a dozen Immigration and Customs Enforcement agents and re-arrested while shopping with his father at a local Wal-Mart. This time, he was charged under the immigration laws as someone who the government "knows, or has reason to believe, is engaged in or is likely to engage" in terrorist activity. Although a legal U.S. resident just acquitted of all criminal charges based on the same facts, he now faces deportation to Egypt.
President Obama's speech on Thursday at Cairo University, seeking "a new beginning between the United States and Muslims around the world" was, by most accounts, a huge success. Yet the story of Youssef Megahed, and other Muslim immigrants like him in the United States, could present an embarrassing obstacle to the administration's attempts to smooth U.S. relations with the Muslim world. Muslims in Florida are already outraged, and the Megahed story has reportedly become a cause célèbre in Egypt as well. After all, the case raises a disturbing question: why does U.S. immigration law allow a man acquitted of criminal charges that he supported terrorism to be tried again on essentially the same claims in immigration court?
Immigration and Customs Enforcement spokesman Ivan Ortiz-Delgado said there's no contradiction because Megahed was arrested for "civil violations of the Immigration and Nationality Act" and "is subject to potential loss of his lawful permanent resident status and deportation if he is found to have violated certain immigration laws. The charged immigration violations differ significantly from those charged in his criminal case, and he will have the opportunity to present the facts of his case before an immigration judge."
Still, it's only because Megahed is suspected of a tangential connection to terrorism that he's being charged under the immigration laws at all. The situation facing Megahed and thousands of other Muslims deported after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 is part of the government's aggressive strategy to use the immigration laws to remove anyone suspected of terrorism, even if they could not be convicted on any charges in federal court.
But Megahed's lawyer says that although the charges are technically different because they're filed under the Immigration and Nationality Act, the facts alleged to support them are the same.
According to the charging document, Megahed is charged with being an Egyptian national who was driving a car that had explosives in it and a laptop computer which "contained files and images supporting Islamic extremism and Jihad as well as files related to bomb-making and explosives." Megahed was not accused in the criminal case of any connection to the computer or the video, which was made by Mohammed.
Another immigration document filed by the Department of Homeland Security adds an additional charge that "the family desktop computer" at Megahed's father's house in Tampa contained "numerous videos, documents and an Internet search history that supports Islamic extremism, jihad against the United States, bomb making, explosive and numerous other military weapons references, all accessed over a period from early 2006 to August 3, 2007."
The same evidence was introduced in Megahed's criminal trial, says his lawyer, Charles Kuck, but there was no evidence that Megahed had used the computer, and many other people had access to it.
Ultimately, the evidence of the explosives in the car and the computer in his family's home did not convince the jury that Megahed was guilty of supporting terrorism.
"Are you ready to convict based on someone's Internet history? I'm not," the foreman of the jury that acquitted Megahed told The Wall Street Journal. In a highly unusual move, he and three other jurors issued a statement protesting the second arrest by immigration authorities after Megahed's acquittal at trial.
The immigration arrest "may be 'legal,' but that doesn't make it right," says the statement, published in the St. Petersburg Times.
The burden of proof in immigration proceedings is lower than in criminal cases, where the government must prove the charges "beyond a reasonable doubt."
In immigration cases, "the government has to prove by clear and convincing evidence that there is reasonable grounds to believe that this person has engaged or will engage in terrorist activity," explained Kuck, adding: "it's hard to even know what that means."
Although the evidence produced in immigration proceedings is not publicly available, the government is allowed under the law to use exactly the same evidence it used in federal court that didn't convince the jury of Megahed's guilt.
"The facts are all the same," said Kuck, who's seen the evidence filed with the court. "Every fact they have given the court so far is identical. Do you think they wouldn't have given the trial court evidence they have to support their claims that he's supporting terrorism?"
Megahed's immigration trial is set for August 17, but he's been in an immigration prison since he was arrested by ICE on April 6. Under DHS rules, a suspect who is charged with being deportable on terrorism grounds must be detained until his trial.
Although Megahed's case may be the one that comes to President Obama's attention on his visit to Egypt, he's hardly the only Muslim immigrant facing this seemingly surreal situation.
In mid-May, after two earlier trials ended in hung juries, the Justice Department won five convictions in a case against six men in Miami (known as the "Liberty City Six") accused of plotting to blow up the Sears Tower in Chicago. The man acquitted, an immigrant from Haiti – Lyglenson Lemorin – was then re-charged based on the same evidence under the immigration law.
"It's not double jeopardy because it's a civil proceeding not a criminal proceeding," explained Kuck, who also represents Lemorin in his immigration case.
In the Lemorin case the government was trying to prove three things, said Kuck. That Lemorin was a terrorist, that he affiliated with terrorists, and that he gave material support to terrorists. The immigration judge said he was not a terrorist, said Kuck, but said he "affiliated with terrorists" because he hung around with these guys who were convicted," and he "gave material support them by working at the drywall company was owned by one of them," Kuck said.
The judge found Lemorin removable on those two grounds, but his lawyer claimed that he fears persecution if he is deported to Haiti, because the judge had just essentially declared him a terrorist, and "they do bad things to terrorists there," Kuck said. Kuck said he would appeal any adverse ruling. In the meantime, Lemorin remains in federal detention.
In another case, Sami Omar Al-Hussayen, a Saudi graduate student in Idaho, was prosecuted in 2004 on terrorism charges for his volunteer work on a Web site for a Muslim charity. Prosecutors said the web site contained secret pro-terrorism messages.
Al-Hussayen was charged under a clause that expanded the definition of "material support" to include those who provide "expert advice or assistance" to terrorists' cause.
The jury didn't buy it: "There was not a word spoken that indicated he supported terrorism," juror John Steger, a retired federal employee told the Seattle Times after the trial. "It was a real stretch."
He was also charged separately for immigration violations. "They were similar facts, but technically different charges," David Nevin, his lawyer, explained. Prosecutors charged that al-Hussayen had earned about $300 over his five years of volunteering for the charity, in violation of his student visa, and that he'd failed to list the Islamic Assembly of North America as an organization he belonged to, although all men entering the country after 9-11 were required to list the organizations to which they belong.
At trial, Al-Hussayen was acquitted of the terrorism charges, but jurors deadlocked on the immigration violations.
By this time, Al Hussayen had been in jail for 15 months. To avoid waiting for and enduring another trial, he agreed to plead guilty to immigration violations and was deported to Saudi Arabia, where he was born.
Charles Kuck said he knows of several more such cases pending. Even though as a legal matter the government is allowed to charge an acquitted defendant again in immigration proceedings, as a policy matter some say it's neither fair nor wise. The American Civil Liberties Union and several human rights organizations have urged the Obama administration to drop the immigration charges.
In a letter to Attorney General Eric Holder, Ramzy Kilic, Executive Director for the Council on American Islamic Relations in Tampa; Melva Underbakke of Friends of Human Rights, and Chuck Leigh, president of the Florida Council of Churches, wrote:
"The American Muslim community is convinced that Megahed's arrest, just after he was exonerated in Federal Court, sends the message that the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) and the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) cannot afford the American Muslim community with the same freedoms and justice it does to other Americans. American Muslims perceive this as an obvious pursuit of an individual, based upon his religious affiliation, ethnic and/or national origins. The DOJ and DHS must remain consistent in treating individuals fairly…You must intervene on Megahed's behalf personally, in order to end the continued alienation of our community as well as the American Muslim community."
With President Obama now facing Muslims in Egypt precisely to assure them that the United States treats Muslims fairly, and that both share the "principles of justice and progress" and "the dignity of all human beings," as he put it today, cases such as Youssef Megahed's pose a serious test.
7cc374ca97c0edc2c45ac53a06db0d1bb4752a8fe376283b6a6708db198980869fc5d80ac9ba868255e1e245f9ab0cc7fa3d1ea4afc6cfde864256a5c701417a

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ford Anthony North of Chauntry Road, Alford who is the brother of Chase Tate, pleaded not guilty to three charges of fraud by false representation at Lincoln Crown Court.
The brother of a man who was killed in a hit and run accident has denied charges of fraud after it was alleged he stole money donated for a plaque in his memory.
Ford Anthony North, 25, of Chauntry Road, Alford, who is the brother of Chase Tate, pleaded not guilty to three charges of fraud by false representation at Lincoln Crown Court.
It is claimed he fraudulently requested funds for a memorial plaque in his brother's memory between January 14 and February 16, 2017.
He was granted unconditional bail with Recorder Gareth Evans QC adjourning the hearing for a trial, which is scheduled to start on July 23.
Chase Tate was 23 at the time of the incident at Miles Cross Hill, Ulceby, on January 7, 2017, in which he was found by a passerby after he had been struck and killed by a vehicle. Police are still in the dark as to who the identity of the driver is, despite numerous appeals.
Following the incident, a 21-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of murder and a 56-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of failing to stop after an accident.
They were both released from police custody with no further action being taken against them.
At the time senior investigating officer Sergeant Dave Mitchell said someone will know what happened.
He said: "Chase was 23 – he did not deserve to die. Someone and probably more than one person knows what happened that has led to his death early on Saturday morning.
"I am very open-minded about what has happened. It was dark. Chase has been described as being unsteady on his feet and wearing dark clothing.
"I appeal to anyone who knows anything to come and speak to us."


The price of a good rental is on the rise, but that's not enough of a deterrent to keep anyone from renting. In a recent survey of property managers conducted by the credit bureau TransUnion, almost half of them reported an increase in rent prices over the past year. It's also becoming easier to find tenants to fill any vacancies.
"Data throughout the last year has pointed to a healthier rental market, and our survey helps validate the current strength of the rental industry," said Steve Roe, VP of TransUnion Rental Screening Solutions. "The rise in rental prices, coupled with a decrease in vacancy rates and the ability to attract new residents with less effort are all positive signs for the market and rental property managers." There is one concern that kept coming up, which is finding quality tenants. The risk of finding the wrong tenant can prove to be very costly in terms of damage repairs and lost rent.


text:
Myślenice ( Mischlenitz oder Myslenitz) ist eine Stadt in der Woiwodschaft Kleinpolen in Polen. Sie ist Sitz des Powiats Myślenice und der gleichnamigen Stadt-und-Land-Gemeinde mit etwa 43.700 Einwohnern.

Geographie
Die Stadt liegt am Fluss Raba ca. 26 km südlich von Krakau. Der Fluss wird östlich vom Ortskern zum Stausee Jezioro Dobczyckie gestaut.

Myślenice hat eine Flächenausdehnung von 30,1 km².

Geschichte

Bis 1411
Der Name der Stadt Myślenice geht zurück auf den mittelalterlichen männlichen Vornamen "Myślimir".

Die ersten schriftlichen Erwähnungen sind aus den Jahren 1253–1258 im "Kodex Tynieck". Dort wird eine Festung bei "Mislimich" genannt. Sie beschützte die Handelsroute zwischen Krakau und Węgry (Ungarn), die über Myślenice verlief. Spuren der Befestigung existieren noch in Myślenice. Der erste Nachweis, dass nicht nur eine Festung existierte, stammt aus dem Jahr 1301. Aus den Jahren 1325–1327 stammen Erwähnungen einer hölzernen Kirche. 1342 wurde Myślenice das Stadtrecht nach Magdeburger Recht verliehen. Durch die von König Kasimir dem Großen verliehenen Privilegien nahm die Stadt einen Aufschwung, so entstand zu dieser Zeit auch der rechteckige Marktplatz, der noch heute existiert. Im Jahr 1411 wird eine Schule der Pfarrei erwähnt.

1411–1772
In der ersten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts war die Stadt mehrfach Gastgeber hochgestellter Persönlichkeiten. Das waren unter anderem Königin Jadwiga, Władysław II. Jagiełło und der deutsche Kaiser Sigismund. Zu dieser Zeit war Myślenice im Besitz von Johannes von Zakliczyna. Anfang der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts wurden die Ausläufer des Dreizehnjährigen Krieges auch in Myślenice spürbar. In dieser Zeit trieben Söldner ihr Unwesen in Kleinpolen. 1457 wurde Myślenice belagert. Es gelang den Belagerern in die Stadt einzudringen. Im Zuge dessen wurde die Stadt teilweise geplündert und zerstört.
1509 wurde eine Tuchhalle errichtet. Es wurde auch eine Armenunterkunft gebaut. Bis 1557 hielt die Entwicklung der Stadt an, aber danach fanden häufige Besitzerwechsel statt. Diese kümmerten sich nicht um die Entwicklung der Stadt. 1629 wurde ein Großteil der Gebäude bei einem Feuer zerstört. Bevor die Stadt mit dem Wiederaufbau fertig war, fielen 1655 schwedische Einheiten in die Stadt ein, plünderten sie und brannten sie nieder. Nach dem Ende des Krieges mit Schweden 1660 wollte die Stadt zum alten Glanz zurückkehren und nutzte dazu das von Kastellan von Krakau verliehenen Rechtes im Jahr fünf Märkte durchzuführen.

1772–1914
Seit der ersten Teilung Polens 1772 gehörte Myślenice zu Galizien und war Teil Österreich-Ungarns. Während dieser Zeit wurde manchmal der Name der Stadt als Mischlenitz eingedeutscht. Myślenice wurde Sitz eines Kreises. Dies war sie bis 1819, anschließend übernahm Wadowice diese Funktion (siehe der Wadowicer Kreis). 1777 verkauften die Österreicher die Stadt, um sie 1788 wieder zurückzukaufen. Der Handel wurde belebt durch den Bau in den Jahren 1780 bis 1785 der Reichsstraße Wien nach Lemberg. 1866 wurde Myślenice wieder Kreisstadt des Bezirkes Myślenice, dies war sie bis 1975.
1908 wurde die erste Mittelschule (gimnazjum) und die erste private Buslinie nach Krakau eröffnet.

1914–1939
1914 stellte Myślenice 250 Soldaten, die zum 4. Regiment der polnischen Legion zugeteilt wurden. Im Herbst 1914 in der Schlacht bei Krakau führten die russischen Truppen eine Offensive und näherten sich Myślenice. Die Stadt lag in Reichweite der russischen Artillerie, als Folge des Beschusses brannte ein Teil der Unterstadt. Bei der Gegenoffensive gelang es den österreichischen Truppen die russische Armee zu stoppen. Als Folge des Ersten Weltkrieges gehörte Myślenice ab 1918 zum unabhängigen Polen. In der Zwischenkriegszeit erlebte Myślenice einen starken Aufschwung. Im Jahr 1936 gab es Übergriffe gegen Juden durch die Nationale Partei.

1939–1945
Die Entwicklung der Stadt wurde mit dem deutschen Überfall auf Polen unterbrochen. Die Wehrmacht besetzte Myślenice am 5. September. Am 17. September besetzte die Sowjetunion den Rest Polens. Unter der nach Osten geflohenen Bevölkerung befanden sich auch der Bürgermeister Jan Dunin Brzezinski und der Polizeikommandant Peter Jurczak, die später in Katyn ermordet wurden. Der Widerstand gegen die Besatzung begann sich in den umliegenden Wälder zu organisieren. Am 22. August 1942 wurden die jüdischen Einwohner von Myślenice deportiert.

Nach 1945
Am 21. Januar 1945 endete die deutsche Besetzung von Myślenice. Sofort nach der Besetzung durch sowjetische Truppen begann eine Verhaftungswelle des sowjetischen NKWD. Sie richtete sich gegen die Intelligenz und Mitglieder der Heimatarmee. Es wurde auch eine Bodenreform durchgeführt und der Boden von den Landbesitzern aufgeteilt. 1952 wurde das Dorf Chelm eingemeindet. Im Laufe der Jahre wurden mehrere Wohnsiedlungen gebaut, dabei wurden Teile der 1000 Jahre alten Vorstadt überbaut. In den siebziger Jahren wurde die Straße nach Krakau ausgebaut. Ende der siebziger Jahre kam es auch in Myślenice zu antikommunistischen Aktivitäten. Mit dem Abkommen vom August 1980 wurde ein Büro der Solidarność eröffnet.

Von 1975 bis 1998 gehörte Myślenice zur Woiwodschaft Krakau.

Gemeinde
Die Einwohnerzahl der Gemeinde betrug 42.129 am 30. Juni 2010, sie wuchs in sechs Jahren auf etwa 43.700 Einwohner.

Partnergemeinden
 Bełchatów (Polen)
 Csopak (Ungarn)
 Lüdenscheid (Deutschland)
 Tinqueux (Frankreich)

Verkehr
Myślenice liegt an der DK 7. In Myślenice beginnt die Woiwodschaftsstraße 967 (DW 967) nach Łapczyca

Bis zum Flughafen Johannes Paul II. Krakau-Balice sind es ca. 30 Kilometer.

Sport
Der KS Dalin Myślenice spielt in der polnischen Frauenvolleyballliga Serie A.

Söhne und Töchter
 Marcin Baranski (* 1970), Maler
 Bartosz Konopka (* 1972), Filmregisseur
 Radek Stawarz (* 1973), Geiger
 Urszula Grabowska (* 1976), Schauspielerin
 Daniel Obajtek (* 1976), Manager
 Beata Kiełtyka (* 1981), Biathletin
 Anna Szafraniec (* 1981), Radrennfahrerin

Weblinks

 Website der Stadt (polnisch)

Einzelnachweise

Ort der Woiwodschaft Kleinpolen
Ersterwähnung 1253
Stadtrechtsverleihung 1342
Gmina Myślenice

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A-List | Netflix's Next 12 Black Sitcoms to Syndicate
After Netflix announced it purchased the rights to several black sitcoms, many fans starting asking about the others. Here are 12 they need to get next.
A Different World, Black Lives Matter, black sitcoms, comedy, Family Matters, Good Times, Hanging With Mr. Cooper, In Living Color, Living Single, Martin, Netflix, Roc, Sanford & Son, The Jamie Foxx Show, The Jeffersons, The Steve Harvey Show, TV, TV sitcom
Continuing our journey in the MCU, we walk through Phase 3 to see what got us to the 'Endgame'. And it's a lot.
Adam Warlock, Age of Ultron, Ant-Man, Avengers, Black Panther, Captain America, Civil War, Comic Book Movies, Doctor Strange, easter eggs, Endgame, Guardians of the Galaxy, Infinity War, James Gunn, Marvel, MCU, Phase 1, Phase 2, Phase 3, Quantum Realm, Russo Brothers, Thanos, The Avengers, Thor: Ragnaok
Editorials Music
The 'Terminator' Franchise: Music To My Metal Ears
Excellent film franchises demand a score that sounds up to its level. Fortunately, 'Terminator' has had several.
Alan Taylor, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Brad Fiedel, composer, Danny Elfman, film franchise, film score, James Cameron, Jonathan Mostow, Lorne Balfe, Marco Beltrami, McG, Terminator, Terminator 2: Judgement Day, Terminator 3: Rise of The Machines, Terminator: Dark Fate, Terminator: Genisys, Terminator: Salvation, Tim Miller
The Dude Abides | How 'Black Panther 2' Can Fix the MCU's Fatal Flaw
September 4, 2019 October 20, 2020 Owen
From the success of the MCU also came a fatal flaw that must be addressed before it's too late.
Avengers: Endgame, Black Panther, Black Panther 2, Infinity War, MCU, Ryan Coogler, The Avengers
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Helixxx Bridge is a proposal for a new iconic pedestrian bridge located in Amsterdam, in front of Hermitage Museum. The project program includes a new footbridge connecting the east to west bank of Amstel river on the Axis of the Hermitage, facilities, café and public spaces.
The starting point of the project is based on the span of the bridge (82 meters) and on the Hermitage Museum's inner courtyard dimensions (a rectangle 55×48 meters). The proportions of the courtyard have been used as the geometric reference for the main cross-section of the bridge, able to bear the load of the deck and of the pedestrians. The repetition of the section towards the main entrance of the Hermitage creates a grid of 25 planar elements, each every 3,25 meters, connected by steel pipes. Finally, to emphasize the access to the museum the last section is 90° rotated along the center.
The helix is the perfect way to connect the sections with steel pipes, while the resulting shape reflects the intention of giving an iconic peculiarity to the bridge. The three X of the helix symbolize the Saint Andrew's Crosses: 'Valiant, Steadfast, Compassionate'. In order to follow the international convention of river transport, the deck has been pushed up so as to ensure the passage underneath the footbridge.
A continuous frontier around the planar sections defines the volume of the footbridge and underlines the path to the Hermitage; the frontier consists of two materials: the glass allows to enjoy the view over the Amstel river and the perforated ceramic panels let the air to enter, creating a microclimate into the bridge.


The Albany County Department of Public Works today announced that County Route 11 (Cass Hill Rd.) between County Route 11 (North Rd.) and NY85 in the Town of Berne will be closed to all traffic (including emergency vehicles) beginning 7:00 a.m. September 18, 2018 through 5:00 p.m. October 19, 2018 for intersection realignment and associated road reconstruction. A signed detour will be installed and maintained.
Albany County thanks you in advance for your patience during this important project.


text:
Tian Tao (chiń. 田涛 ur. 8 kwietnia 1994 w Yichang) – chiński sztangista, srebrny medalista igrzysk olimpijskich i dwukrotny medalista mistrzostw świata.

Kariera
Na igrzyskach olimpijskich w Rio de Janeiro w 2016 roku wywalczył srebrny medal w wadze lekkociężkiej. W zawodach tych rozdzielił na podium Irańczyka Kianousha Rostamiego i Dienisa Ułanowa z Kazachstanu. Zdobył ponadto złoty medal w wadze półciężkiej na mistrzostwach świata w Pattayi w 2019 roku i srebrny w tej samej kategorii wagowej podczas mistrzostw świata w Aszchabadzie rok wcześniej. Zwyciężył również w wadze lekkociężkiej na igrzyskach azjatyckich w Inczon w 2014 roku.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Chińscy sztangiści
Chińscy medaliści olimpijscy
Medaliści Letnich Igrzysk Olimpijskich 2016
Urodzeni w 1994


November 2018 Meeting Recap: How Will You Get Out of your Comfort Zone?
To succeed in achieving your goals, it helps to get out of your comfort zone. It can be anything from sharing your work with the world or appearing on video to meeting new people or learning something new. When you expand your skillset and challenge yourself, anything can happen. So, what do you need to do to get out of your comfort zone?
Btw, post your November Goals on Write On Online or weekly goals on Facebook to be entered in a drawing to win a book from Michael Wiese Productions.
And watch for my spontaneous videos on the Write On Facebook page.
Our last LA meeting of 2018 is on December 5 at Caffe Luxxe on San Vicente in Brentwood. Our meetings will now start at 1:30pm. RSVP on Facebook.


text:
import {HttpClientTestingModule, HttpTestingController} from '@angular/common/http/testing';
import {DebugElement} from '@angular/core';
import {async, ComponentFixture, TestBed} from '@angular/core/testing';
import {FormsModule} from '@angular/forms';
import {MatButtonModule} from '@angular/material/button';
import {MatCheckboxModule} from '@angular/material/checkbox';
import {MatGridListModule} from '@angular/material/grid-list';
import {MatIconModule} from '@angular/material/icon';
import {MatMenuModule} from '@angular/material/menu';
import {MatCardModule} from '@angular/material/card';
import {MatExpansionModule} from '@angular/material/expansion';
import {MatFormFieldModule} from '@angular/material/form-field';
import {MatInputModule} from '@angular/material/input';
import {MatPaginatorModule} from '@angular/material/paginator';
import {MatSelectModule} from '@angular/material/select';
import {MatTableModule} from '@angular/material/table';
import {By} from '@angular/platform-browser';
import {BrowserAnimationsModule} from '@angular/platform-browser/animations';
import {OAuthModule, OAuthService, UrlHelperService} from 'angular-oauth2-oidc';

import {BigQueryService, MockBigQueryService} from '../big-query.service';
import {MockOAuthService} from '../google-auth.service';
import {BqProjectListResponse} from '../rest_interfaces';

import {ProjectsComponent} from './projects.component';

describe('ProjectsComponent', () => {
  let component: ProjectsComponent;
  let fixture: ComponentFixture<ProjectsComponent>;
  let de: DebugElement;

  beforeEach(async(() => {
    TestBed
        .configureTestingModule({
          imports: [
            OAuthModule.forRoot(),
            HttpClientTestingModule,
            MatGridListModule,
            MatFormFieldModule,
            MatButtonModule,
            MatCheckboxModule,
            MatSelectModule,
            MatCardModule,
            MatExpansionModule,
            MatInputModule,
            MatPaginatorModule,
            MatTableModule,
            MatGridListModule,
            MatMenuModule,
            MatIconModule,
            FormsModule,
            BrowserAnimationsModule,
          ],
          providers: [
            {provide: OAuthService, useClass: MockOAuthService},
            {provide: BigQueryService, useClass: MockBigQueryService},
            UrlHelperService,
          ],
          declarations: [ProjectsComponent]
        })
        .compileComponents();
  }));

  beforeEach(() => {
    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(ProjectsComponent);
    component = fixture.componentInstance;
    fixture.detectChanges();
    de = fixture.debugElement;
  });

  it('should fetch projects', () => {
    const projects = require('../../assets/test/get_projects.json');

    de.query(By.css('button#btnGetProjects'))
        .triggerEventHandler('click', null);

    // The component should have the internal projects list updated and sorted.
    fixture.detectChanges();
    expect(component.projects.length).toEqual(5);
    expect(component.allProjects.length).toEqual(5);
    expect(component.selectedProject.id).toEqual('gke-chiachenk-hosted-master');

    // The first option in the select list should be selected.
    const options = de.query(By.css('mat-select')).componentInstance.options;
    expect(options.length).toEqual(component.projects.length);
    expect(options.first.value).toEqual(component.selectedProject);
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


COLLEGE PARK, Md. -- Alyssa Thomas scored 21 points and grabbed 14 rebounds to help No. 8 Maryland outlast Drexel 69-63 on Monday night.
The Dragons hit seven of 12 3-pointers in the second half to claw back into the game, but fell to consecutive losses for the first time in their first game against a ranked opponent this year.
LOS ANGELES -- Tiffany Mitchell scored a career-high 22 points and Aleighsa Welch had 14 points as No.17 South Carolina beat Southern California 70-50 on Monday night.
The Gamecocks (7-0) opened the second half on an 11-2 run capped by a pair of Mitchell free throws. Mitchell completed a three-point play on a leaner in the paint for a 59-41 lead. She went 10-for-13 from the free throw line.
Welch scored 10 points in the second half and South Carolina went 13-for-20 in the final 20 minutes.
Ariya Crook led the Trojans (3-2) with 16 points and Cassie Harberts scored 14 points. South Carolina forced USC into 3-for-12 shooting with six turnovers and seven fouls to start the second half.
South Carolina took a 30-24 lead into halftime.


text:
$accessKeyID = Get-NewResource access_key_id
$secretAccessKey = Get-NewResource secret_access_key
$s3Bucket = Get-NewResource s3_bucket
$s3File = Get-NewResource s3_file
$downloadDir = Get-NewResource download_dir

#stop and fail script when a command fails
#$ErrorActionPreference="Stop"

#check inputs.
$Error.Clear()
if (($s3Bucket -eq $NULL) -or ($s3Bucket -eq ""))
{
    Write-Error "***Error: provider requires 's3_bucket' parameter to be set!"
    exit 112
}
if (($s3File -eq $NULL) -or ($s3File -eq ""))
{
    Write-Error "***Error: provider requires 's3_file' parameter to be set!"
    exit 113
}
if (($downloadDir -eq $NULL) -or ($downloadDir -eq ""))
{
    Write-Error "***Error: provider requires 'download_dir' parameter to be set!"
    exit 114
}
if (($accessKeyID -eq $NULL) -or ($accessKeyID -eq ""))
{
    Write-Error "***Error: provider requires 'access_key_id' parameter to be set!"
    exit 115
}
if (($secretAccessKey -eq $NULL) -or ($secretAccessKey -eq ""))
{
    Write-Error "***Error: provider requires 'secret_access_key' parameter to be set!"
    exit 116
}

$client=[Amazon.AWSClientFactory]::CreateAmazonS3Client($accessKeyID,$secretAccessKey)

$targetpath = join-path ($downloadDir) $s3File

if ($targetpath -match '^(.+)\\')
{
    $fullpath=$matches[1]
    if (!(test-path $fullpath -PathType Container))
    {
        Write-output "***Directory [$fullpath] missing, creating it."
        New-Item $fullpath -type directory
    }
}

Write-output "***Downloading key[$s3File] from bucket[$s3Bucket] to [$targetpath]"
$get_request = New-Object -TypeName Amazon.S3.Model.GetObjectRequest
$get_request.BucketName = $s3Bucket
$get_request.key = $s3File

$S3Response = $client.GetObject($get_request) #NOTE: download defaults to ... minute timeout.
#If download fails it will throw an exception and $S3Response will be $null
if($S3Response -eq $null){
 Write-Error "***ERROR: Amazon S3 get requrest failed. Script halted."
 exit 1
}

$responsestream=$S3Response.ResponseStream

# create the target file on the local system and the download buffer
$targetfile = New-Object IO.FileStream ($targetpath,[IO.FileMode]::Create)
[byte[]]$readbuffer = New-Object byte[] 1024

# loop through the download stream and send the data to the target file
do{
    $readlength = $responsestream.Read($readbuffer,0,1024)
    $targetfile.Write($readbuffer,0,$readlength)
}
while ($readlength -ne 0)

$targetfile.close()


text:
How to Perform a Recrystallization
Projects & Experiments
Chemical Laws
Famous Chemists
Science, Tech, Math › Science
Deena/Pexels
by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Dr. Helmenstine holds a Ph.D. in biomedical sciences and is a science writer, educator, and consultant. She has taught science courses at the high school, college, and graduate levels.
Recrystallization is a laboratory technique used to purify solids based on their different solubilities. A small amount of solvent is added to a flask containing an impure solid. The contents of the flask are heated until the solid dissolves. Next, the solution is cooled.  The more pure solid precipitates, leaving impurities dissolved in the solvent. Vacuum filtration is used to isolate the crystals. The waste solution is discarded.
Summary of Recrystallization Steps
Add a small quantity of appropriate solvent to an impure solid.
Apply heat to dissolve the solid.
Cool the solution to crystallize the product.
Use vacuum filtration to isolate and dry the purified solid.
Let's take a look at the details of the recrystallization process.
Add the Solvent
Choose a solvent such that the impure compound has poor solubility at low temperatures, yet is completely soluble at higher temperatures. The point is to fully dissolve the impure substance when it is heated, yet have it crash out of solution upon cooling. Add as small a quantity as possible to fully dissolve the sample. It's better to add too little solvent than too much. More solvent can be added during the heating process, if necessary.
Heat the Suspension
After the solvent has been added to the impure solid, heat the suspension to fully dissolve the sample. Usually, a hot water bath or steam bath is used, since these are gentle, controlled heat sources. A hot plate or gas burner is used in some situations.
Once the sample is dissolved, the solution is cooled to force crystallization of the desired compound.
Cool the Solution for Recrystallization
Slower cooling may lead to a higher purity product, so it's common practice to allow the solution to cool to room temperature before setting the flask in an ice bath or refrigerator.
Crystals usually begin forming on the bottom of the flask. It's possible to aid crystallization by scratching the flask with a glass rod at the air-solvent junction (assuming you are willing to purposely scratch your glassware). The scratch increases the glass surface area, providing a roughened surface on which the solid can crystallize. Another technique is to 'seed' the solution by adding a small crystal of the desired pure solid to the cooled solution. Be sure the solution is cool, or else the crystal could dissolve. If no crystals fall out of solution, it's possible too much solvent was used. Allow some of the solvent to evaporate. If crystals do not spontaneously form, reheat/cool the solution.
Once crystals have formed, it's time to separate them from the solution.
Filter and Dry the Product
Crystals of purified solid are isolated by filtration. This is usually done with vacuum filtration, sometimes washing the purified solid with chilled solvent. If you wash the product, be sure the solvent is cold, or else you run the risk of dissolving some of the sample.
The product may now be dried. Aspiring the product via vacuum filtration should remove much of the solvent. Open-air drying may be used as well. In some cases, the recrystallization may be repeated to further purify the sample.
Methods to Extract Caffeine From Tea
What Filtration Is and How It's Done
How to Make a Saturated Solution
Make Your Own Aspirin in This Chemistry Experiment
What It Means When Something Crystallizes
How to Purify Table Salt From Rock Salt
Grow Your Own Seed Crystal: Instructions
How to Clean Laboratory Glassware
How To Fix Crystal Projects When They Won't Grow
How to Get the Bismuth out of Pepto-Bismol Tablets
Here's How to Separate Salt and Sand
How to Make Liquid Magnets
Chemistry Laboratory Glassware Gallery
Here's How to Understand Saturation in Chemical Solutions
Here's Everything You Need to Know About Freeze Drying
What Is Gravimetric Analysis in Chemistry?


text:
Nearly A Hundred Whales Found Dead Off Remote New Zealand Island
USA TODAY, USA Today
An estimated 100 whales have died after being stranded in the remote Chatham Islands, off the coast of New Zealand.
Topics: chatham islands zealand whales remote
Coronavirus daily news updates, January 16: What to know today about COVID-19 in the Seattle area, Washington state and the world
We're updating this page with the latest news about the COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on the Seattle area, the Pacific Northwest and the world, including stats about the spread of the coronavirus ...
Almost 100 pilot whales died in a mass stranding on New Zealand's remote islands
Almost 100 pilot whales have died in a mass stranding on New Zealand's remote Chatham Islands ... which left at least 380 whales dead on a beach in Tasmania, Australia It is not fully understood ...
01/12/2021 - 10:59 am | View Link
Three Arrested In India For Beating Endangered Dolphin To Death
Indian police arrested three people in the northern state of Uttar Pradesh on Friday for beating an endangered dolphin to death with an axe. In a video shared widely in the Indian press and on social ...
28 whales, 3 dolphins euthanized after mass stranding in New Zealand
One hundred marine mammals have died after a mass stranding on remote beaches in New Zealand. The animals washed up on Rekohu, Wharekauri and Chatham islands, according to a statement from the New ...
11/25/2020 - 12:59 pm | View Link
Desperate struggle in New Zealand to save tens of stranded pilot whales
The focus will now turn to the dead whales, and the enormous task of dealing with the carcasses About 140 pilot whales that stranded themselves on a remote stretch of New Zealand beach have died ...
The Daily Dot, Wednesday - 01/20/2021 - 08:00 AM
President-elect Joe Biden and Vice President-elect Kamala D. Harris will take the oath of office on the steps of the U. S. Capitol at noon today. An inauguration like no other, the ceremony will take place amid the coronavirus pandemic and two weeks after pro-Trump rioters stormed the Capitol. The D.
Someone I know forwarded this, and of course I thought of the ending from the iconic series, "The Wire": A POEM FOR THE END by Sheila Dershowitz Good night loon, Good night goon, Good night nastiest man in the room. Good night lies, Good night spies, Good night rants and alibis. Good night twitter, Good night tweets. Good night all those crazy bleats. Good night red hats, Good night cruel chants, Good night sniveling syncophants. Good night wall, Good night cages, Good night endless midnight rages. Good night fine people on both sides, Good night losers, good night suckers, Good night evil nasty fuckers. Good night Ivanka Good night Jared, Good night Barron, we hardly knew ya. Good night thief, Good night grief, Good night cruel and callous chief. Good night fake news, And Fox and friends, This is how the nightmare ends. Good night at last. It's time to go, The American people told you so. I thought I'd find some other creative celebrations, but maybe people are just too worn out.
The right-wing desperate look-at-me stylings of Anthime Joseph "Tim" Gionet, also known to some as Baked Alaska, have been known around these here parts for years. Gionet is a never-ending source of embarrassment to himself and others, with incident after incident of cruel and aggressive and always bad behavior—frequently criminal—recorded (usually) by Gionet himself for his social media live feeds.
With the U. S. on high alert for right-wing terrorism and more U. S. soldiers in Washington, D. C. than in Afghanistan and Iraq, combined, Sen. Josh Hawley – the same MAGA mind who helped incite the armed insurrection at the Capitol on January 6 with lies – would rather delay the Department of Homeland Security from getting a secretary ASAP because nominee Alejandro Mayorkas is too kind to brown people for Hawley's taste. CNN correspondent Manu Raju explained that to fast-track the nominee, all 100 senators have to agree to a quick vote.
The 400,000 Dead (Minimum.) Of The Plague By Inauguration Day Edition. You may exhale. Juanita Jean marvels at Mitch McConnell contorting himself. Promo Code: "Qanon". (Really.) Hackwhackers notes the "cancellation" of Mein Pillow by relatively respectable businesses. The schaden freudes itself. To quote The Ig: "No fun.": Butterflies & Wheels on the last days of the current maladministration. Parting cheap shot: "Ahistorical 1776 Report Issued by Trump Denounced as 'Racist Garbage' and 'Most On-Brand Thing Possible' "Releasing the 1776 Commission report on MLK Day is the Trump administration reaffirming its commitment to racism above all else." Common Dreams.
Former Fox News host Shepard Smith blasted his former employer and their hosts for spreading misinformation and ejected the truth for opinion based on lies during an interview with Christiane Amanpour. Smith said he stuck around as long as he could on Fox News so that another opinion person couldn't replace him, but then it became too much and he left. Smith, as we've meticulously documented over the years on C&L was a vocal proponent for the truth and was constantly at odds with the Trump administration and his surrogates.