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39 LISTS The Best and Worst of GamingLists that rank the best, most addictive, most compelling, most punishing games in all genres for players at every level of experience.
The Best Video Games of 2019 (So Far) The Most Popular Games Right Now The Best Video Games Ever Made The Greatest RPGs Ever Made The Top Classic Video Games The Greatest Video Game Franchises Games No One Ever Finishes Bad Games You Played as a Kid The Scariest Video Games Ever Made Greatest Fighting Games The Hardest Games of All Time The Worst Games from the Greatest Franchises Awful Games with Great Graphics Most Addictive Video Games Ever Games That Were Way Overhyped The Best Games That Never End The Greatest Game Sequels Classic Games You Can Play on Your Phone The Scariest Games of the 1990s Even Better Versions of Popular Games
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Button Mash The Most Anticipated Games In 2019, Ranked
Ranker Games
6.2k votes 855 voters 11.4k views 35 items
List Rules No ports or remastered versions.
Still deciding which console is the best for you? Check out this list of 2019 upcoming games to help make your choice. Featuring long-awaited sequels, new games revealed at E3 2018, and once-canceled video games, the most anticipated 2019 video game releases includes the best new and upcoming games for the PS4, Xbox One, and Nintendo Switch. Which 2019 games are you most excited for?
The Last of Us Part II, Jump Force, and Anthem are some of the top games we can't wait to play in 2019. Other good upcoming games include Dead or Alive 6, Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice, Code Vein, Death Stranding, and Kingdom Hearts III.
Vote up the best new games of 2019 you're most hyped about, and add your favorites if they're missing from the list.
Cyberpunk 2077 TBA
Cyberpunk 2077 is a role-playing video game developed and published by CD Projekt, releasing for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and Xbox One. Adapted from the tabletop game Cyberpunk 2020, it ...more
The Last of Us Part II TBA
The Last of Us Part II is an action-adventure survival horror video game developed by Naughty Dog and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4. The game was announced at the ...more
Death Stranding TBA
Death Stranding is an action game developed by Kojima Productions and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4. It is the first game by game director Hideo Kojima and his ...more
Resident Evil 2 January 25
Resident Evil 2 is a survival horror game developed and published by Capcom. A remake of Resident Evil 2 (1998), it follows rookie police officer Leon S. Kennedy and college student Claire ...more
Ghost of Tsushima TBA
Ghost of Tsushima is an action-adventure video game developed by Sucker Punch Productions and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 4. Featuring an open world for players ...more
Moses Zook added Star Wars: Jedi Fallen Order November or December
pherm10 added Borderlands 3
WJGM1994 added Pokemon Sword
Kingdom Hearts III January 29
Kingdom Hearts III is an action role-playing video game developed and published by Square Enix for the PlayStation 4 and Xbox One. It is the twelfth installment in the Kingdom Hearts series, a ...more
Devil May Cry 5 March 8
Devil May Cry 5 is an action-adventure hack and slash video game developed and published by Capcom, set to be released in 2019. It is the sixth installment in the Devil May Cry series, and first ...more
Days Gone April 26
Days Gone is an action-adventure game developed by SIE Bend Studio and published by Sony Interactive Entertainment for PlayStation 4. The game uses Unreal Engine 4. Days Gone is an ...more
Jump Force February 15
Jump Force is a fighting game developed by Spike Chunsoft and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment featuring characters from various manga series featured in the Weekly Shōnen Jump anthology ...more
Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice March 22
Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice is an action-adventure video game developed by FromSoftware and published by Activision. The game is scheduled to be released for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation 4, and ...more
Metro Exodus February 22
Metro Exodus is a first-person shooter video game developed by a Ukrainian Malta-based studio 4A Games and published by Deep Silver. It is the third installment in the Metro video game series ...more
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 March 15
Tom Clancy's The Division 2 is an online action role-playing video game developed by Massive Entertainment and published by Ubisoft. Played from a third-person perspective, the game takes place ...more
Far Cry New Dawn February 15
Far Cry New Dawn is a first-person shooter developed by Ubisoft Montreal and published by Ubisoft. The game is a spin-off of the Far Cry series and a narrative sequel to Far Cry 5. Similar to ...more
Gears 5 TBA
Gears 5 is a third-person shooter developed by The Coalition and published by Microsoft Studios for Windows 10 and Xbox One as part of Xbox Play Anywhere. Gears 5 focuses on Kait Diaz (Laura ...more
kristofbuisness added Bayonetta 3
Rage 2 TBA
Rage 2 is a first-person shooter video game developed by Avalanche Studios in conjunction with id Software and published by Bethesda Softworks. The game is the sequel to the 2010–2011 game Rage. ...more
Jordan Blakely added Animal Crossing: New Horizons March 20, 2020
ghostwilly added Pokémon Sword and Shield 2019
Pokémon Sword and Shield are role-playing video games developed by Game Freak and published by The Pokémon Company and Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch. They are the first main ...more
Jordan Blakely added Luigi's Mansion 3 2019
Luigi's Mansion 3 is an action-adventure video game developed by Next Level Games and published by Nintendo for the Nintendo Switch.
Rena Remmell added Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist 2013
Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell: Blacklist is an action-adventure stealth video game published by Ubisoft. It is the seventh installment of Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell series and is the direct sequel ...more
Anthem February 22
Anthem is an online multiplayer action role-playing video game developed by BioWare and published by Electronic Arts. The game was initially slated for a 2018 release on Microsoft Windows, ...more
Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown January 18
Ace Combat 7: Skies Unknown is a combat flight action video game developed and published by Bandai Namco Entertainment. The game is set in 2019 during a conflict between the Osean Federation and ...more
List Rules: No ports or remastered versions.
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The Most Popular Video Games Right Now The Greatest RPG Video Games Ever Made The 100+ Best Video Games of All Time, Ranked by Fans The Best Super Nintendo (SNES) Games The Best 'Would You Rather' Questions A Timeline Of The Convoluted Legend Of Zelda Chronology How The Tragic Downfall Of G4 TV Explains Why Video Game Culture Cannot Survive On Television ... 13 Reasons Why The Fallout Franchise Is Better Than Elder Scrolls The Most Anticipated Games In 2019, Ranked The Best Ways To Beat Carnival Games The Greatest Mortal Kombat Characters Pokemon Go Nightmares and Horror Stories The Most Memorable Video Game Sound Bites of All Time 21 Terrible Things People Have Done To Their Sims Characters The Greatest Classic Video Game Theme Songs Ever Every Single Keyblade From Kingdom Hearts (And Which Game They're In) The Best Video Game Franchises of All Time The Best Board Games of All Time 'Fallout' Fan Theories That Somehow Make The Franchise Even Creepier
in Video Games:
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The Dothraki and the Scythians: a game of clones?
If you're excited about another fantastical series of Game of Thrones, you're not alone. But George R R Martin's vivid world has many real-life parallels. Here, take a closer look at the inspiration behind the bloodthirsty, horse-riding nomadic warriors, the Dothraki...
Daenerys Targaryen surrounded by Dothraki.
British Museum 12 July 2017
***SPOILER ALERT!!!*** (if you're not yet up to date with Seasons 1–6 of Game of Thrones, or Books 1–5, assume there will be spoilers ahead!)
As well as a large measure of fantasy (so far there's no evidence of dragons and ice zombies), George R R Martin and the HBO showrunners have drawn on history as inspiration for the Game of Thrones books and TV series. Much of the GoT world and narrative is based on medieval European and ancient Roman history, blended with numerous other periods and cultures.
Nothing like a family wedding. Catelyn Stark and Joyeuse Erenford at the Red Wedding. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
The battle between the north and south has parallels with the Wars of the Roses, the Wall echoes Hadrian's Wall, built to keep out the barbarians to the north, and the Red Wedding has roots in the bloody massacres of Glencoe and the 'Black Dinner', where guests were brutally murdered. Much has been written on these parallels already, so instead here's a look at the real life nomadic warriors behind those wild horsemen, the Dothraki.
Dothraki horde on the Dothraki Sea. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
George R R Martin has written that he based the Dothraki on an 'amalgam of a number of steppe and plains cultures… seasoned with a dash of pure fantasy.' There are certainly close parallels with the Mongols and the Huns. Some fans have already pointed out that Khal Drogo can be compared to Genghis Khan or Attila the Hun – great leaders who shared the ambition of uniting many nomadic tribes. But what about the people that came before the Mongols and the Huns? There are several similarities with another steppe culture – the Scythians, who may also have inspired the Dothraki.
Who were the Scythians? Well, they were fearsome, nomadic warriors who loved their horses – sound familiar? In many ways, they set the template for the Huns, Mongols and other nomads of the steppe as they were around first, flourishing from about 900 to 200 BC. Here are a few ways in which the terrifying Dothraki take their lead from the equally terrifying Scythians.
You win or you die
Dothraki warriors, thankfully not about to kill you. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
The Dothraki in Game of Thrones are represented as feared and ferocious warriors. Jorah Mormont describes their culture as one that values power and follows strength above all, and there is no greater way to demonstrate power and strength according to the Dothraki than through war. Like their fictional counterparts, the Scythians were pretty terrifying in battle. The Greek historian Herodotus writes that Scythians drank the blood of the men they killed and kept their scalps as trophies and skulls as drinking cups. While we should probably take Herodotus with a pinch of salt, by all accounts they were pretty brutal! The Dothraki also like decapitating their defeated enemies – guards known as the jaqqa rhan, or mercy men, use heavy axes to do this.
The Scythians and the Dothraki fight on horseback and are excellent archers. They both use curved (or composite) bows to maximise the range and the damage of their arrows. As Jorah Mormont says of the Dothraki, 'they are better riders than any knight, utterly fearless, and their bows outrange ours.'
Gold sew-on clothing appliqué in the form of two Scythian archers.
Part of their fearsome reputation comes from the perception among outsiders that the Dothraki and the Scythians are barbarians – Daenerys' brother, who comes to a rather unpleasant end (in fact based on this totally real practice), regularly criticises Dothraki culture as being 'savage'. Similarly the ancient Greeks perceived the Scythians as both terrifying and barbarous, while at the same time holding some respect for their brutal ways.
Dothraki travel light and have light armour. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
The visual representation of the Dothraki in the TV series owes much more to other cultures than the Scythians but there are still some interesting links. Men wore their hair long: the Dothraki men cut their long hair when they have been defeated, the Scythians cut theirs as part of a ceremony for the death of a king. They also both typically wear lightweight protection instead of heavy armour in battle to make them more agile. Interestingly, they both wore trousers, marking them out from other groups. However, vast stretches of where the Scythians lived can be extremely cold, so they were unlikely to be wearing as few clothes as Khal Drogo.
This gold bowl shows Scythians with long hair and trousers. © The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, 2017. Photo: V Terebenin.
The Scythians were not a united people but made up of a number of tribes with their own kings or chiefs. The Dothraki, too, are divided into several clans known as khalasars, led by a single leader, the khal.
Khal Drogo. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
The Scythian tribes did occasionally come together – Herodotus mentions tribes gathering for the funeral of a great king. The Dothraki also come together in their only city, Vaes Dothrak, for special religious ceremonies.
Warrior women?
The role of women seems to be a point of difference between the two cultures. Dothraki women have limited role in society with little to no individual freedom. Even high status women – the widows of khals – are sent to live out their days together in a temple compound away from their tribes. Dothraki women symbolically reject warfare when they ceremonially refuse the wedding gifts of a bow, whip and curved blade – and give these gifts to their husbands. In contrast, Scythian weapons have been uncovered in female as well as male graves, and females have been found as if dressed for battle, suggesting that women were involved in warfare. Many experts think that Scythian women may have inspired the myth of the Amazons, the tribes of female warriors that so worried the Greeks.
Daenerys as khaleesi. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
One example of a strong 'Dothraki' woman is the cult of leadership that develops around Daenerys. Although not technically Dothraki herself, she becomes the wife of a khal and her ambition, strength and leadership skills (as well as her amazing ability to walk through fire completely unscathed) lead the Dothraki to follow and even worship her. She also isn't afraid to get involved in the fighting herself and the new pictures from season 7 seem to suggest that she will be riding into battle on her dragons. She certainly makes for a pretty awesome warrior queen – even by the standards of the Amazons.
Spot the difference: the Dothraki Sea and the Scythian steppe. Dothraki image: © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc. Steppe photo © The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, 2017. Photo: V Terebenin.
The Dothraki are nomads. In the books they are described as inhabiting a massive area of grassland in central Essos called the 'Dothraki Sea', very similar to the grassy steppe of Central Asia and Siberia where the Scythians lived. Both habitats are vast oceans of grassland, making it a harsh environment in which to settle down permanently. The Scythians travelled in search of resources, including fresh pasture for their horses.
The Dothraki are nomads, like the Scythians, and lived in these tents. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
Neither culture practised agriculture – the Dothraki even see it as sinful to cut the flesh of mother earth – and the Scythians traded to get the things that they couldn't produce themselves. Both cultures stayed in tents and had portable belongings that could be packed up on horseback. The Dothraki tents in the Game of Thrones series are similar to the large felt-covered tents used by the Scythians.
Horses, horses and MORE HORSES!
Gold plaque of a mounted Scythian. Black Sea region, c. 400–350 BC. © The State Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg, 2017. Photo: V Terebenin.
Horses are at the heart of Dothraki culture. They rely on their horses for food, transportation and battle, and worship a horse deity, the Great Stallion. In fact, the Dothraki are said to be born, fight and die in the saddle. In their language 'Dothraki' literally translates as 'riders'. Riding is also essential to social status – the Dothraki can abandon a leader who is too sick to ride, as we see with poor Khal Drogo. This reverence for horses is very likely inspired by the Scythians and similar nomadic cultures, as their lifestyle heavily depended on them.
The Scythians were excellent horsemen and developed horse breeding to a new level. Horse remains uncovered by archaeologists show that prized horses were incredibly well cared for, living for 15 to 20 years. They also used horses for sustenance and like the Dothraki ate a diet of horse meat, washed down with fermented mares' milk.
An artist's impression of a Scythian on a horse (reconstruction by D V Pozdnjakov) and Dothraki Khal Drogo. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
Scythian custom was to kill horses to place in the graves of the deceased. Excavated Scythian tombs have revealed amazingly preserved horses, which have been dressed for the afterlife with elaborate headgear and saddles. This is closely paralleled by the Dothraki custom of slaughtering a warrior's horse when he dies, placing it alongside the body of their rider on the funeral pyre.
In Game of Thrones we also see horses slaughtered as a sacrifice to the horse god. Who can forget poor Daenerys having to eat that heart from a freshly killed horse as part of a divination ritual? Horse sacrifice for ritual purposes also took place in Scythian culture. The Greek writer Herodotus says that the Scythians strangled and flayed horses before boiling the meat and offering a portion of the meat and entrails to the gods.
Daenerys eats a horse's heart. © 2016 Home Box Office, Inc. All rights reserved. HBO® and all related programs are the property of Home Box Office, Inc.
So far, so Scythian. But what does fate hold in store for the Dothraki horde in the future? Only time (and watching/reading the series) will tell! As for the Scythians, you can discover more about their fascinating culture in a new exhibition from September 2017. Can't wait until then? Find out more in this blog post introducing the Scythians.
Game of Thrones Season 7 premieres exclusively in the UK on 17 July on Sky Atlantic and NOW TV at 02.00, repeated at 21.00 on the same day.
The BP exhibition Scythians: warriors of ancient Siberia is on at the British Museum from 14 September 2017 to 14 January 2018. Supported by BP.
You can buy the beautifully illustrated catalogue in the Museum shops.
An introduction to the Arctic
Thomas Becket: the murder that shook the Middle Ages
The art of imitation - 19th century Islamic revivalism

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Older workers are getting more than money out of their extended time in the workforce. Consider these advantages when weighing whether to delay your own retirement.
More older Americans have returned to work or are working longer in recent years, in many cases to rescue their retirement savings. Earlier this year, the share of Americans age 65 or older who are still working reached 19 percent — the highest it's been since the 1960s.
It turns out, however, that older workers are getting more than money out of their extended time in the workforce. Many are finding satisfaction at work, according to the latest American Working Conditions Survey by the nonprofit think tank Rand Corp.
More than 3,100 workers ages 25 to 71 were polled for the survey. It found several differences in how older workers (age 50 and older) and prime-age workers (ages 35–49) feel about their jobs.
For example, more than two-thirds of older workers feel satisfaction over work well-done and feel that they are doing useful work. In comparison, about two-thirds of prime-age women and only 54 percent of prime-age men feel the same.
More likely to say they apply their own ideas in their work.
More likely to say they solve unforeseen problems in their work.
Less likely to say they perform monotonous tasks.
More likely to set their own work hours.
Older workers are more likely to consider social support lacking in the workplace, however. They also report less opportunity for career advancement.
Working longer gives you more time to build up your retirement savings.
Every extra year you earn a paycheck is one extra year you aren't tapping your retirement savings, which gives those savings more time to grow.
How do you feel about the prospect of working longer, whether due to financial need or simply because you enjoy meaningful work? Sound off below or over on our Facebook page.


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Last chance for folk to take part in Oor Wullie's Big Bucket trail in Glasgow
The statues are going to be taken off from the streets over the next two days prior to being auctioned off to raise vital funds for Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity
The Oor Wullie statue outside the GoMa (Image: Alisdair Woodburn)
People in Glasgow don't have long if they need to finish Oor Wullie's BIG Bucket trail, with the news that the statues dotted around the city for the past 11 weeks are due to be taken away over the next two days.
The trail, which is home to 60 large statues and 143 mini statues, is helping to raise vital funds for Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity and has proved hugely popular among locals and visitors alike, with loads of folk taking on the challenge to discover as many as they can since they arrived on the streets back in June.
The large statues will remain in their present locations until Saturday (August 31), with the wee statues being taken away tomorrow (August 30).
Glasgow weather - Met Office issues severe weekend warning for rain
But its not the end of the end for those who still fancy catching site of the statues, with the trail set to culminate in a special farewell event at the SEC on Friday September 13 to Sunday, September 15.
Oor Wullie's BIG Bucket Trail at Hampden
The free event will allow visitors to see all 60 big Oor Wullie sculptures before they are auctioned off and also find all 143 wee Oor Wullie sculptures painted by schools and community groups - as well as the chance to meet VIP Wullie - a secret sculpture that wasn't on the trail.
Shona Cardle, Chief Executive of Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity said: "Oor Wullie's BIG Bucket Trail has brought thousands of people to Glasgow this summer, and encouraged local people to explore new areas of the city with their friends and family.
"Although we're sad to be saying cheerio to Oor Wullie, the sculptures will go under the hammer at an auction in September to raise vital funds for Glasgow Children's Hospital Charity."
The farewell event is already sold out on the Saturday and Sunday, with limited tickets available on the Friday.
To get a hand on yours, click here
For more breaking news and all that's going on in your city, head to the Glasgow Live homepage - or you can check us out on Facebook , Twitter and Instagram .
Traffic and TravelEvery driver with a diesel or petrol car to be penalised under new tax rulesThe changes to the Vehicle Excise Duty (VED) from April will see rates rise for everyone, regardless of whether they have a petrol or diesel car, with drivers more affected by which 'type of vehicle' they are buying
TravelItaly's new travel rules for Scottish travellers as country tightens Covid restrictionsItaly have updated their Covid rules and requirements in an attempt to control the spread of the coronavirus that will impact Scottish travellers from this month.
Hot Wheels Monster Truck tour returns to Glasgow's OVO in 'immersive' experience
Fun StuffMonster truck lovers will be in paradise to hear that the Hot Wheels Monster Truck tour will be returning to Glasgow on it's only Scottish date - with some new additions to the family!
Fun StuffHot Wheels Monster Truck tour returns to Glasgow's OVO in 'immersive' experienceMonster truck lovers will be in paradise to hear that the Hot Wheels Monster Truck tour will be returning to Glasgow on it's only Scottish date - with some new additions to the family!
Time for a food fiesta
Special FeaturesCheck out these Glasgow hot spots for some of the city's best eating and drinking experiences


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School Less Travelled
Prehistoric and Ancient Art History
The beginning of art
Mesopotamian art
Pre-Columbian Art of the Americas
Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic Culture
Classical Art History and Literature
Philosophy, Logic, and Rhetoric
Ancient Greek – 800 B. C. E., Homer, The Odyssey
Medieval Art History and Literature
India – early 5th century – Kalidasa, Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection
China – Tang Dynasty, 8th century – Li Bai, poems
Europe, Middle English, 8th – 10th, century, Beowulf poet, Beowulf
Japan – late 10th, early 11th century – Shonagon, The Pillow Book
Arabia and Persia – 13th Century – Rumi
Italy – 1308-20, Dante Alighieri, The Divine Comedy
England, 1387-1400 Geoffrey Chaucer, The Canterbury Tales
Renaissance Art History and Literature (1500 – 1660)
German Renaissance
Mannerism and the Late Renaissance
Spanish Renaissance
England, 1599, Christopher Marlowe, The Passionate Shepherd To His Love
England, Shakespeare, 1609, Sonnets
England, 1612, John Donne, A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning
England, 1655, John Milton, When I Consider How My Light is Spent
England, 1640-60, Andrew Marvell, To His Coy Mistress
Restoration and the 18th Century Art History and Literature (1660 – 1785)
Italian Baroque
Flemish Baroque
Dutch Baroque
English Baroque
Spanish Baroque
French Baroque
England, 1726, Jonathan Swift, Gulliver's Travels
French Neoclassicism
American Neoclassicism
Romanticism in Art
English Romanticism
American Realism
Morisot
Pissaro
Early Expressionism
English and European Romanticism – Honors Literature
England, 1794, William Blake, The Tyger
England, 1797, Samuel Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
England, 1807, William Wordsworth, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud
England, 1813, Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice
England, 1818, Mary Shelley, Frankenstein
England, 1818, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ozymandias
England, 1819, Percy Bysshe Shelley, Ode to the West Wind
England, 1819, John Keats, Ode to a Nightingale
England, 1824 Lord Byron, Don Juan
England, 1847, Emily Bronte, Wuthering Heights
England, 1847, Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Now Sleeps the Crimson Petal
England, 1850, Elizabeth Barrett Browning, How Do I Love Thee? Sonnet 43
American Romanticism – Honors Literature
America, 1826, James Fenimore Cooper, Last of the Mohicans
America, 1845, Edgar Allen Poe, The Raven
America, 1850, Nathaniel Hawthorne, The Scarlett Letter
America, 1854, Henry David Thoreau, Walden
America, 1855, Walt Whitman, Leaves of Grass
Victorian era (post-Romantic) 19th Century – Honors Literature
England, 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities
America, 1860, Emily Dickinson, Because I could not stop for Death –
Scotland, 1883, Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island
America, 1885, Mark Twain, Huckleberry Finn
Ireland, 1890, Oscar Wilde, The Picture of Dorian Gray
India, 1894, Rudyard Kipling, The Jungle Book
Futurism, Constructivism, and Precisionism
American Art 1908 – 1940
Abstract and Figural Expressionism
The Wakanda Curriculum
The life of Frederick Douglass
America, 1951, Langston Hughes, Harlem
America, 1861, Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl
America, 1937, Zora Neale Hurston, Their Eyes Were Watching God
Early 20th Century – Honors Literature
England, 1900, Thomas Hardy, The Darkling Thrush
Poland (England), 1902, Joseph Conrad, Heart of Darkness
America, 1903, Jack London, Call of the Wild
German, 1915, Franz Kafka, The Metamorphosis
America, 1915, T.S. Eliot, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock
America, 1918, Willa Cather, My Antonia
America, 1925, F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby
Ireland, 1928, W.B. Yeats, Leda and the Swan
America, 1930, William Faulkner, As I Lay Dying
Crash Course You Tube Channel
The Mesopotamians
Ancient Greek War Music
ThinkWave Gradebook (teacher)
Purdue Owl reference for citations
Curiosity Stream (login required)
England, 1859, Charles Dickens, A Tale of Two Cities / Victorian era (post-Romantic) 19th Century - Honors Literature
Charles Dickens and Social Morality
by Julie · Published August 20, 2016 · Updated February 14, 2017
My Key to Dickens: Social Morality
Victorian writer Charles Dickens drew on his formative experiences to write some of the most powerful and well-loved novels in the English language. These novels, containing Dickens' urgent morality, influenced the course of social reform in Victorian England, in part because they were so popular with readers of every class. Both long-known and recent biographical evidence shows some of the formative experiences Dickens used to power his novels. In this post, I'll analyze three of his novels that exhibit his strong social voice: Oliver Twist, Hard Times, and A Tale of Two Cities.
The predation on the poor and on children by criminals, politicians and industrial leaders feature prominently in many Dickens' novels, including Oliver Twist. Biographers have long been aware that, as a child, Charles was sensitive and intelligent, with an adequate education and family life, until his father's improvidence landed the family in the Marshalsea debtor's prison. The financial trials of that time led to his parent's decision to take the twelve-year old Dickens out of school and send him to work in a boot blacking factory. While working in the factory, he lived in rented lodgings and tried to survive on six pence a week, while helping his family. He was often hungry and he experienced first-hand the rough, crime-ridden streets of London. His father finally inherited enough money to discharge himself from debtor's prison and put Charles back in school, but not before the sensitive Dickens had been profoundly impacted in ways that would leave indelible impressions in his novels.
In his novel Oliver Twist, Dickens is responding to the Poor Law of 1834.
"In 1833 Earl Grey, the Prime Minister, set up a Poor Law Commission to examine the working of the Poor Law System in Britain. In their report published in 1834, the Commission made several recommendations to Parliament. The first recommendation was that no able-bodied person was to receive money or other help from the Poor Law authorities except in a workhouse." (Simkin 1)
Biographer Ruth Richardson recently filled a gap in the biographical history of Dickens that explains the intimate knowledge of public workhouses he reveals in Oliver Twist, his novel complaining about the horrendous Poor Law. When Richardson learned that the Cleveland Street Workhouse in London, more recently the Outpatient Department of the Middlesex Hospital, was slated to be demolished in 2010, she undertook a research project attempting to prove the historical significance of the building and made a remarkable discovery. Dickens had twice lived in an apartment above a store nine doors down from the Cleveland Street Workhouse. The family kept this part of their history private, as Dickens' father wanted to be known as a gentlemen, and this was not a desirable neighborhood. Richardson wrote a book, Dickens and the Workhouse, published in 2012, about the discoveries she made, including the discovery that a business owner named Bill Sykes (the name of one of the criminals in Oliver Twist) lived across the street from the Dickens' residence.
The Poor Law Act of 1834 specifically states that "conditions in workhouses were to be made very harsh to discourage people from wanting to receive help" (Simkin 1). The law was based on prevailing philosophies by Thomas Malthus and Jeremy Bentham. Philosopher and economist Malthus argued that population growth, unless checked, would increase faster than the ability of a country to feed its population. He argued that, if you remove the pressure from poor people by supporting them, they will simply contribute to an unsustainable increase in population. Jeremy Bentham's theory of utilitarianism also supported the idea that the public workhouse should be unpleasant. He argued that the workhouse must be seen as a deterrent, so that fewer people claimed relief, instead entering the hallowed free labor market. Dickens, who while living in Cleveland Street worked as a parliamentary reporter, would have been perfectly situated to see the impact of these ideas on the lawmakers creating the laws and on the real people that lived in the Cleveland Street Workhouse.
Oliver Twist was published in serial form between February 1837 and April 1839. Oliver was born in a workhouse and the mother who gave birth to him, whose identity was unknown, died, leaving Oliver at the mercy of the parish wardens:
"But now that he was enveloped in the old calico robes which had grown yellow in the same service, he was badged and ticketed, and fell into his place at once – a parish child – the orphan of a workhouse – the humble, half-starved drudge – to be cuffed and buffeted through the world – despised by all, pitied by none. (Dickens, Oliver Twist 25-26)
The Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834 established a parish-based bureaucracy that tended to treat the persons in its care as "badged and ticketed" commodities. Oliver is starved in a parish workhouse, where the overseers are concerned with profiting on each person by spending as little as possible. In the workhouse where Oliver is housed, the parish overseers undertake some economies in the provision of gruel:
It was rather expensive at first, in consequence of the increase in the undertaker's bill, and the necessity of taking in the clothes of all the paupers, which fluttered loosely on their wasted, shrunken forms, after a week or two's gruel. But the number of workhouse inmates got thin as well as the paupers, and the board were in ecstasies." (Dickens, Oliver Twist 35).
In this satiric prose, Dickens is calling out the lack of humanity of the Parish Board, more concerned with money than with the people entrusted to their care. Oliver was farmed out, or offered as an apprentice, when he became old enough to work. Mr. Bumble, the parish Beadle, tries to make him feel guilty: "the expense to the parish is three pound ten! – three pound ten, Oliver! – seventy shillins – one hundred and forty sixpences! – and all for a naughty orphan which nobody can't love." (Dickens, Oliver Twist 42-43). He was eventually farmed out to a coffin maker, where he was beaten and abused. When he stands up for himself and then runs away from the coffin maker, Mr. Bumble tells the coffin maker's wife that his spirit was the result of overfeeding: " If you had kept the boy on gruel, ma'am this would never have happened. (Dickens, Oliver Twist 76) As he runs from the coffin maker, Oliver crosses paths with the criminal Fagin, who runs a ring of thievery and teaches him to pick pockets. While associated with Fagin, he meets other criminals, including Bill Sykes, a murderer, and his prostitute girlfriend Nancy. As the story progresses, Oliver encounters benevolent individuals who take pity on him and, after a number of circuitous plot twists, Oliver ends up with a loving family.
Oliver Twist was not well received at the time it was written because its characterization of the criminal under life in London was sympathetic, particularly to Nancy, the prostitute, who takes pity on Oliver and helps him at the cost of her own life. Writer and historian Joseph Gold surmised:
It was no surprise to Dickens, and it should be no surprise to us, that the appearance of Oliver was greeted with various kinds of anger and dismay. What Dickens actually did in Oliver Twist was to humanize the criminal. This was not readily forgiven, for to humanize the criminal is to show his relationship to the reader, who would prefer to regard him as another species. (Gold 28).
Even though there were initial objections, Oliver Twist has over time become one of the most beloved novels in the English language, and makes a definitive statement about Dickens' view of the Poor Law of 1834 and of the treatment of the impoverished.
In 1854, Dickens continued his attack on treatment of the poor, while adding an attack on the educational system, in light of the utilitarian attitudes that pervaded and perverted it. The vehicle of this attack was the book Hard Times. Dickens had befriended philosopher and writer Thomas Carlyle by the time he wrote Hard Times, and Carlyle's pamphlets and essays on the evils of industrialism and the utilitarian philosophy were echoed in this book. Joseph Gold argues that Hard Times is more than a critique on utilitarianism: "Whether it is scientism, Catholicism, Puritanism, fascism or Communism, the horrors of absolutism generally were clear to Dickens and he knew that any system that reduces humanity to convenient terms and seeks to make man fit the abstract pattern is disastrous" (Gold 198). Thomas Gradgrind, a Utilitarian philosopher and headmaster of the Manchester School, shuts down the imagination of his students and his children, stuffing them full of facts, statistics and reason. Gradgrind is not a bad man, since it is his belief, though mistaken, that he is giving children the best start possible in life by squashing their imaginative lives, but he does possess the extreme absolutism described by Gold. His belief that "Facts alone are wanted in life" (Dickens, Hard Times 3) is ruthlessly applied to any and all people he encounters. Sissy Jupe, the imaginative daughter of a circus ringmaster, is addressed as "Girl number 20" (Dickens, Hard Times 5) at the school. Gradgrind later adopts her and attempts to squash her imaginative spirit the way he has with his own children. When Sissy expresses her love of flowers, Gradgrind addresses her: "You are to be in all things regulated and governed….by fact….you must disregard the notion of Fancy altogether…." ( Dickens, Hard Times 8). When his daughter Louisa's arranged, rational marriage to the industrialist Joseph Bounderby becomes disastrous and she is on the brink of throwing herself away on an adulterous affair, she comes to him, and he tells her "I had proved my system to myself, and I have rigidly administered it; and I must bear the responsibility of its failures. I only entreat you to believe, my favourite child, that I have meant to do right." (Dickens, Hard Times 213). His son Tom also suffers psychologically because of his upbringing and ultimately becomes a thief. The destructive impact of Gradgrind's philosophy on his children and the other characters in the novel leads to his later renunciation of that philosophy and to his redemption.
The other focus of Hard Times is industrialism and the lack of moral conscience exhibited by industrial leaders with regards to their factory hands. According to biographer Wolf Mankowitz, Dickens travelled to Preston, where there was a long cotton worker strike, "to observe for himself the reality of an industrial life ruled by materialistic laws of supply and demand, the system of high profits, cheap labour and cheaper lives that practiced what the utilitarianisms preached as politico-economic orthodoxy" (Mankowitz 178). The hero of Hard Times is a virtuous character named Stephen Blackpool, who works in a factory owned by self-centered industrialist and banker Josiah Bounderby. Blackpool refuses to join a labor union, believing it not the best mechanism for owner-worker relations, at great personal cost. Both his fellow workers and Bounderby persecute him, he is unwittingly implicated in a robbery that was actually committed by the young Tom Gradgrind, and he becomes a martyr figure in the story. Thomas Carlyle's call in Past and Present is to captains of industry: "They will not march farther for you, on the sixpence a day and supply-and-demand principle; they will not, nor ought they, nor can they" (Carlyle 1920). Carlyle calls for the leaders of industry to become noble; to consider the humanity of the worker and work not only for profit, but more importantly for social justice and the dignity of the worker. Both Dickens and Carlyle believed that an enlightened moral outlook is necessary to heal social conflicts such as the conflict between labor and industry. Joseph Gold believes "it is this liberal and humane impulse to cry out against absolutism, against systems for the reduction of man in any form, that underlies Hard Times" (Gold 198). Any societal system that ignores the humanity and dignity of the people is immoral and leads to disaster.
By the time Dickens wrote A Tale of Two Cities, set in London and England and concerning the French Revolution, his friendship with Carlyle was longstanding and Carlyle's influence was profoundly evident. Carlyle furnished Dickens with his three volume The French Revolution: A History that he published in 1937. In Michael Goldberg's book Carlyle and Dickens, Goldberg shows passages in The French Revolution and in A Tale of Two Cities that are nearly identical in basic narrative content. Carlyle also reviewed drafts of A Tale of Two Cities and provided feedback before the book was published in 1859.
In A Tale of Two Cities, Dickens portrays revolutionary France after the uprising as mob-ruled and without a fair justice system. Innocents are imprisoned for reasons that are often ludicrous, kept imprisoned for months and years, and daily led to the guillotine. Dickens obviously didn't seem to be in favor of mob-rule, but in A Tale of Two Cities, it also seems evident that he understands that evil aristocratic repression of the poor in France could have no other outcome:
Along the Paris streets, the death-carts rumble, hollow and harsh. Six tumbrils carry the day's wine to La Guillotine. All the devouring and insatiate monsters imagined since imagination could record itself, are fused in the one realisation, guillotine. And yet there is not in France, with its rich variety of soil and climate, a blade, a leaf, a root, a sprig, a peppercord, which will grow to maturity under conditions more certain than those that have produced this horror. Crush humanity out of shape once more, under similar hammers, and it will twist itself into the same tortured forms. Sow the same seed of rapacious license and oppression over again, and it will surely yield the same fruit according to its kind. (Dickens, Tale of Two Cities 504)
Joseph Goldberg believes that A Tale of Two Cities contains the same implicit social judgment which found its way into his other Carlylean novels" (Goldberg 103). In both A Tale of Two Cities and in The French Revolution, revolutionary France is presented as a warning to England that, if England's ruling classes do not take care of its poor and treat the working class with dignity, revolution and anarchy will result.
A Tale of Two Cities ends with Sydney Carton on the platform of the guillotine, getting ready to be executed in an act of noble self-sacrifice (he was standing in for aristocrat Charles Darnay): "They said of him, about the city that night, that it was the peacefullest man's face ever beheld there. Many added that he looked sublime and prophetic" (Dickens Tale of Two Cities 510). As Carton prophesies a rebirth of the city and its people, he says these final words: "It is a far, far better thing that I do, than I have ever done; it is a far, far better rest that I go to than I have ever known" (Dickens, Tale of Two Cities 511). Dickens ends the book with an illustration of the triumph of the human spirit, an act of self-sacrifice and morality from a man who has previously been always dissolute and immoral.
There is a hopeful note in Dickens' works, despite the ferocity of Victorian society that he depicts. Dickens asks us to embrace morality over all else. In the redemption of Sydney Carton in Tale of Two Cities and Thomas Gradgrind in Hard Times, and in the kind acts of the prostitute Nancy in Oliver Twist, he shows that humans can change even when many would give them up as lost forever. In all three tales, there were virtuous and kind characters that prevailed against the ugly social conditions, soul-less bureaucrats, and criminals that preyed upon humanity. The social voice of Dickens, displayed in his novels, urges each of us to lead moral lives and reject absolutism of any kind.
Carlyle, Thomas. "Past and Present." The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Major Authors. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2006. 1912 – 1920.
Dickens, Charles. Hard Times. New York: Harper and Row, 1965.
Dickens, Charles. Oliver Twist. New York: Signet Classic, 1980.
Dickens, Charles. A Tale of Two Cities. New York: Barnes and Noble Books, 2003.
Goldberg, Michael. Carlyle and Dickens. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1972.
Gold, Joseph. Charles Dickens: Radical Moralist. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press 1972.
Mankowitz, Wolf. Dickens of London. New York: MacMillian Publishing Company, 1976.
Richardson, Ruth. Dickens and the Workhouse: Oliver Twist and the London Poor. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
Simkin, John. "1834 Poor Law." Spartacus Educational. Web. 28 April 2013.
< http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Lpoor1834.htm>.
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Paul Graener, de son vrai nom Paul Hermann Franz Gräner, né le  à Berlin et mort le  à Salzbourg, est un compositeur et chef d'orchestre allemand, actif sous le régime nazi.

Biographie
Paul Graener est le fils d'un maître de forges. En 1881, il fait partie du chœur d'enfant de la cathédrale de Berlin, en Allemagne. De 1884 à 1890, il fréquente l'Askanische Gymnasium. En 1888, il étudie la composition avec Albert Becker au Veitschen Konservatorium. Après ses études, il est d'abord engagé comme chef d'orchestre à Stendal, puis à Bremerhaven, Königsberg et Berlin. De 1898 à 1906, il est nommé directeur musical au Haymarket Theater de Londres. Il enseigne également à la Royal Academy of Music. Avant de se rendre en Angleterre, il épouse Maria Elisabeth Hauschild (1872-1954). Ils ont trois enfants : Heinz (décédé à l'âge de ), Franz (1898-1918) et Klara (Claire, 1903-193?).

Il était également le père du peintre Paul Corazolla et du violoncelliste et chef d'orchestre Jan Corazolla. Leur mère, la chanteuse Margarete Corazolla (1902-2001), a fait partie pendant un certain temps, avec sa sœur( ?), la pianiste Berti Corazolla, des résidents de la .

Après un bref arrêt à Vienne, où il enseigne la composition au Neues Wiener Konservatorium, il devient directeur du Mozarteum de Salzbourg, de 1911 à 1913. Dès 1914, il travaille comme compositeur indépendant à Munich. De 1920 à 1927, il enseigne - sur les traces de Max Reger - comme professeur de composition au Conservatoire de Leipzig. En 1930, Graener succède à Alexander von Fielitz comme directeur du Conservatoire Stern de Berlin. En 1934, il prend la direction d'une classe de maître à l'université des arts de Berlin.

Depuis la fin des années 1920, Paul Graener adhère au national socialisme et est membre de la Ligue nationale pour la culture allemande. Certaines compositions vocales, sur des textes romantiques allemands sont utilisées par la propagande nazie, comme le chant de guerre de Theodor Storm et le Gesang der Erinnerung de Friedrich Schlegel (1807) avec le vers « Der Retter ist nicht weit » (« Le Sauveur n'est pas loin »).

Le , il rejoint le NSDAP (numéro de membre ). À partir de 1934, il est vice-président de la Chambre de la musique du Reich (après la démission de Wilhelm Furtwängler). En 1941, il quitte ce poste, et est remplacé par Werner Egk.

Graener reçoit de nombreuses récompenses du régime nazi. En 1944, sa maison de Berlin est détruite. Tous ses manuscrits sont perdus. Il se rend avec sa famille à Wiesbaden, Munich, Vienne, Metz et Salzbourg, où il meurt dans un hôpital à l'âge de .

Style et notoriété
En tant que compositeur de Lieder, Graener se situe dans la tradition de Johannes Brahms, Hugo Wolf et Richard Strauss. Cependant, il utilise le langage atonal, comme dans les  Galgenliedern, d'après Morgenstern. Son opéra Don Juans letztes Abenteuer et son œuvre orchestrale Aus dem Reiche des Pan sont proches de l'impressionnisme.

Dans les années 1920, Graener est un compositeur d'opéra célèbre. Grâce à son adhésion au nazisme, il est, à partir de 1933, l'un des compositeurs vivants le plus apprécié en Allemagne. Depuis sa mort, il est à peine joué. Son œuvre est considérée comme peu originale. Ses Morgenstern Lieder ont fait l'objet de plusieurs enregistrements historiques.

Élèves
 Stasys Šimkus (1887–1943)
 Józef Koffler (1896–1944)
  (1897–1985)
 Norbert von Hannenheim (1898–1945)
 Hans Wolfgang Sachse (1899–1982)
 Jón Leifs (1899–1968)
 Ionel Perlea (1900–1970)
 Gerhard Maasz (1906–1984)

Œuvres

Opéras
 The Faithful Sentry, op. 1 (1899)
 Das Narrengericht, op. 38 (1913)
 Don Juans letztes Abenteuer, op. 42 (1914)
 Theophano, op. 48 (1918)
 Schirin und Gertraude, op. 51 (1920)
 Hanneles Himmelfahrt, W/o Op. (1927)
 Friedemann Bach, op. 90 (1931)
 Der Prinz von Homburg, op. 100 (1935)

Orchestres
 2 pièces, op. 9
 3 pièces, op. 26
 Symphonie pour cordes et harpe, op. 27 (1910)
 Symphonie en Ré Mineur Schmied Schmerz, op. 39 (1912)
 Aus dem Reiche des Pan, op. 22 (1920)
 Romantische Phantasie, op. 41
 Musik am Abend, op. 44
 Variationen über ein russisches Volkslied, op. 55 (1926)
 Waldmusik, op. 60
 Divertimento en Ré Majeur, op. 67
 Concerto pour piano, op. 72
 Juventus academica, op.73
 Gotische Suite, op. 74
 Concerto pour violoncelle et orchestre de chambre, op. 78 (1927)
 Die Flöte von Sanssouci, op. 88 (1930)
 Comedietta, op. 82
 Variationen über Prinz Eugen, op. 108 (1939)
 Sinfonia breve, op. 96
 3 schwedische Tänze, op. 98
 Concerto pour violon, op. 104
 Feierliche Stunde, op. 106
 Turmwächterlied, op. 107 (1938)
 Wiener Sinfonie, op. 110 (1941)
 Concerto pour flûte, op. 116

Musique de chambre
 Quatre quatuors à cordes (incluant les opp. 54, 65 et 80, de 1920 à 1928)
 Suite op. 63 pour flûte et piano (1924)

Bibliographie
 : Zwischen Musik und Politik: Der Komponist Paul Graener (1872–1944). Frank & Timme, Berlin 2008.
 Knut Andreas: Graener, Paul. In: Ludwig Finscher u. a, (Hrsg.): MGG. Teil 2: Personenteil. Band 7. Stuttgart, Weimar 2002, Sp. 1455–1457.
 : Paul Graener. Leipzig 1922 (= Die Musik. Sammlung illustrierter Einzeldarstellungen, Band 20)
 Fred K. Prieberg: Musik im NS-Staat. Köln 2000.

 Joseph Wulf: Musik im Dritten Reich. Reinbek 1966.
 Graener, Paul, in: Ernst Klee: Das Kulturlexikon zum Dritten Reich. Wer war was vor und nach 1945. Frankfurt am Main : S. Fischer, 2007 , S. 194f.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Compositeur allemand de musique classique
Chef d'orchestre allemand
Personnalité du Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands
Docteur honoris causa de l'université de Leipzig
Naissance en janvier 1872
Naissance à Berlin
Décès en novembre 1944
Décès à Salzbourg
Décès à 72 ans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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"Managing Online Forums" Coverage Update: Slashdot, SXSW Interactive 2009 and More!
Posted by Patrick on May 18th, 2009 in Managing Online Forums (Book), Press
Comments Off on "Managing Online Forums" Coverage Update: Slashdot, SXSW Interactive 2009 and More!
In the past four months, since I posted my last book coverage update, I've been honored by all sorts of coverage for "Managing Online Forums" and I wanted to take a moment to share the interest that has been shown in this period and thank those that were behind it.
One of the biggest things to happen was the Slashdot review, written by JR Peck of GeekBook. It propelled the book into the top 1,500 books on Amazon.com and kept it in the top 10,000 for a number of days. The Slashdot review was mentioned on the AMACOM Books Blog.
There were also reviews by Michelle L. Rodriguez of Mequoda Daily, Rich Villalobos of Cisco Systems, Dr. Natalie T. Wood in the Journal of Consumer Marketing and Richard Millington of FeverBee. The book received it's first review on Amazon.co.jp, thanks to Kushi-book-reviews and it's first review on Amazon.fr, thanks to Dominique.
I participated in text based interviews with Commania, AdminQuest, Des Walsh dot Com (also posted on the International Blogging & New Media Association website and Mr. Walsh was kind enough to mention the book favorably on his blog, as well) and sparkBB. There were new podcast interviews on Podcaster Training and WordCast. A previously recorded interview on PerfCast was mentioned on the Splashpress Media blog.
I attended South by Southwest Interactive 2009 from March 13 through 17 and I gave a book reading (really a presentation around a theme in the book) called "The Art of Responding to Feedback from Your Community". I also had a book signing at the conference's bookstore. I spent the signing next to Thom Singer, the author of "Some Assembly Required" and "Some Assembly Required: A Networking Guide for Women," who was kind enough to mention the book, and some kind words, on his blog.
Matt Mickiewicz of SitePoint was at my talk and provided an excellent summary on their site (the summary was highlighted by Valontuoja). The Blog Stump mentioned it and Rebecca Caroe of Creative Agency Secrets and Ryan Buchanan highlighted the talk before the conference, as well. The session was made available as an .mp3 on the conference website, which was subsequently mentioned by Merritt Colaizzi at SmartBlog on Social Media.
During the conference, I met Suzanne Minassian of Lotus to talk about the book and she shared parts of the conversation on her blog. I also participated in podcast interviews and discussions with Talk Social News, PepsiCo's Digital Speak Easy (which was mentioned by Alan Weinkrantz, who I shared the time with) and Blog World Expo Radio.
Martin Reed of Community Spark gave a trio of talks in Finland recently and during all three, he was kind enough to mention the book. As part of INFORTE's Web 2.0: How to Build a Successful Online Community? Conference, he led sessions called "Building an Online Community From Scratch – Why, Where, How?" and "Online Community Management – How to Avoid Chaos and Create a Positive Community Environment." These were on May 5 and 6, respectively.
And on May 7, at a Technopolis event, he hosted "A Practical Guide to Building and Managing a Successful Online Community." Martin had some incredibly kind words in an interview he did with Manage une communaute. The author of the site, Dominique, was kind enough to mention the book in a seperate post he did, as well. Martin also mentioned the book in an interview with distilled.
adaptiveblue on Twitter mentioned the book in relation to their Glue service. Heidi Miller of Talk It Up!, Jeff Chander of Performancing.com and Tanner Smith mentioned the book, along with some kind words (in some cases, embarassingly kind).
The book was mentioned on the UK Business Labs forums, Young Entrepreneur Forums, at People2People Service, on an episode of the phpBB Weekly podcast, the MyBB Community Forum, an episode of Serious Business, on Female Forum, on BuildaSkill.com, during the Social Media Telesummit, on Community Spark, on phpBB Adept and in a discussion on the Online Community Roundtable Facebook group. Wayne Sutton hosted a giveaway for the book on Twitter, to test out the tweetaways service.
Finally, "Managing Online Forums" appeared on a pair of top X lists: "13 essential reads for community managers, as suggested by … you" by Scott Drummond (which came from a discussion at LinkedIn) and "Top 20 Online Publishing Books to Read in 2009" by Michelle L. Rodriguez of Mequoda Daily. Her list which also was posted as an Amazon.com list.
Thank you so much to all of the people involved in these reviews, interviews, features and other mentions. The support means a lot to me.


The Grand Estates Chardonnay opens with bright fruit aromas of apple and pear which harmonize gracefully with signature notes of caramelized sugar and butterscotch. Ripe fruit flavors are bolstered by lively acidity, yet balanced deftly with a subtle creaminess. The striking combination of rich flavors, ample body and refreshing finish make this wine a natural pairing for a wide array of foods. Match with everything from lobster, crab cakes or scallops in a cream sauce to roast chicken, grilled pork chops or a Nicoise salad.
The vineyard sites are located on the Wahluke Slope, offering aromatics, texture and complexity; the Yakima Valley, which add flavor and fruitiness; and the Horse Heaven Hills, which contribute balance and body to the finished wine.


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Seashell Shores Multi Colour Pendant
Far away rainbow coloured gems wash ashore and sparkle in the sand…
Materials: argentium silver, sea glass approx. 2cm long x 1.5cm wide.
Chain type options: 40cm or 45cm 1mm 935 Argentium silver snake chain
Gift wrap: reusable canvas bag. Comes with an information card and sea glass.
During the Victorian Era, dating from the mid 1800s, the coastal town of Seaham in the north east of England became famed for its glass making history. Excess glass during the glass making process was cut off and collected near the kiln. Colours would become mixed and layered during the day and then tossed out into the Northern sea at the end of the day. Over the years multi-colour gems started washing ashore. Multi colour sea glass is considered extremely rare in the sea glass collecting world.
Inspired by our love of the world beneath the waves, our bezel pendant comes with a piece of genuine sea glass from England and set to the exact shape it originally washed ashore.
A pendant to connect you to the water and the treasures found below. For those who love their beaches, bays and oceans and are committed to ensuring the longevity of our waters and marine life. A donation is made to the Dolphin Research Institute in Victoria to support their work to give all marine life a voice.
Price: $180 AUD
1mm 935 snake chain : 40cm45cm
Return to Rainbow Shores Collection


The True Blush Girls invited me back to discuss episodes 2 thru 5 from Season Two of Justified.
Check it out here – The Hillbilly Whisperer.
A great show with an awesome cast that is a lot of fun.
PS – keep an eye, and ear, open for another joint podcast where we will meet again to discuss, 'The Hunger Games,' trilogy and the upcoming movie adaptation.


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Blogs, Fit for Consumption: A Commentary on Culture and Values
The digital age of innocence
Anne of Green Gables, hero to all Canadian pre-teen girls, is back in business. She's received a bit of a…
By Shira Bick , in Blogs Fit for Consumption: A Commentary on Culture and Values , on February 11, 2008
Anne of Green Gables, hero to all Canadian pre-teen girls, is back in business.
She's received a bit of a modern makeover, of course. According to the Vancouver Sun, a new website starring the spunky literary heroine allows girls to be part of an online community where they can interact with an animated Anne and chat with other girls from around the world.
The best part? A heavily screened registration process keeps the site free from those pesky online predators and pedophiles who strike so much fear into the hearts of parents and law enforcement officials everywhere.
I find it quite fitting that digital Anne feels so adamant about keeping her subscribers safe from the perils of the modern age. After all, she's been delighting young female audiences since way before any nude photos of that High School Musical girl hit the internet and she does things like baking pies and attending Sunday school! Getting to know Anne is a bit like getting your innocence back, even if it's online.
Even better, when girls are tired of staring the computer screen, they can read the free copy of Anne of Green Gables they receive in the mail when they register for the site. And when they're finished that, they can read the new Anne of Green Gables prequel coming out this spring.
Kind of makes you want to bake a pie. You know, after you've downloaded a good recipe from the internet.
Bury your problems
If you've got a big problem with no easy answers, a tempting solution would be to dig a deep hole…
It's not over until they say it's over
If feminists get criticism for anything, it's that they should just get over it. They can vote. They can own…
The Taliban Come To Town
By Fram Dinshaw Right now I'm listening to some pretty tasteless pop music, a love song just in time for…
Condoleezza Rice: World Economic Forum
At Davos, Condoleezza Rice said "whenever Americans talk about idealism and optimism, international audiences groan." I think she was right…
Iraqis imitating Afghans
Iraqis are taking up opium cultivation, says an article in yesterday's Independent. This is a very troubling development for the…


Here, Reggie explains how we heal trauma through identifying with the vast space and warmth of the earth. This "groundless ground" is the source of the life force that we work with in somatic meditation. It is a state of being that is whole and free.
This talk was given at the 2016 The Body Loves retreat held at the Blazing Mountain Retreat Center in Crestone, CO. To find out more about upcoming retreats, please visit our program calendar.


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Outside closed world of ultra-Orthodox Judaism, young Israelis feel lost
Deprived of knowledge in all areas
JERUSALEM - They were already in their 20s the first time they ever heard about dinosaurs, learned algebra or even began understanding basic English.
Now a group of young Israelis who left the closed world of ultra-Orthodox Judaism are demanding answers from the state which funded their strictly religious education in Jewish seminaries, known as yeshivas.
Despite years of studying, all they were exposed to was religious texts and their interpretation, leaving them clueless about the basics of the national curriculum.
"I once heard them talk about the theory of evolution, very furtively, in the yeshiva when someone said certain people think they are descended from the apes," said 26-year-old Yaakov Fink, a former religious scholar.
"It triggered a gale of laughter and the rabbi said that anyone who believed that must be a monkey," said Fink, who now studies psychology.
In place of the trademark ultra-Orthodox attire of sidelocks, skullcaps and long black coats, he is now dressed in sporty casual wear.
Nothing in his appearance or speech gives a clue that this computer enthusiast who loves to have a beer with his friends spent the first 21 years of his life as an ultra-Orthodox Jew, cut off from modern thought and learning.
In the yeshiva world, he says, everything is designed "to ensure that no doubt, however small, can sneak in" that could challenge blind faith.
Yet nagging doubts did crop up for this young seminarian -- and they never went away.
"It happened that one Saturday night after the end of shabbat I simply couldn't bring myself to go back to the yeshiva -- and I never did understand why," he said.
Although leaving the ultra-Orthodox world was hard, there was worse to come as Fink struggled to integrate into the secular -- and elitist -- university system with extremely limited skills.
In maths, he had the ability of a 10-year-old, his English went no further than the alphabet and he had absolutely no idea about history, geography or science.
What helped him was getting involved with a group called "Out for Change", which counts around 300 members -- all of them former ultra-Orthodox.
Formed with the express aim of taking legal action against the state, the organisation also runs courses for people who want to integrate into modern society.
But its members are mainly engaged in a lawsuit seeking damages from the state, which provides 75 percent of the funds for ultra-Orthodox education without demanding any supervision over what its 400,000 students learn.
"What did we study in the yeshiva? The Torah and its commentaries and that's about all," Fink said, referring to the first five books of the Bible.
Ultra-Orthodox girls have their own single-sex schools, and do learn lay subjects such as maths, history, sciences and languages, but not to a sufficiently high level to qualify for universities -- coeducational institutions which contravene the ultra-Orthodox requirement for female "modesty".
Keeping young women out of such an environment is a deliberate policy of the pious, say those who have left.
"Yeshiva education has nothing in common with Western education. It's like what you would have found in eastern Europe more than 200 years ago," Yossi David said.
"Its ultimate goal is to not evolve," said David, who finally graduated from high school-level studies at the age of 25 thanks to evening classes he paid for by working around the clock.
"I was deprived of knowledge in all areas: critical thinking; reasoning ability; writing and creativity."
He did the same to prepare for his entrance exams for Jerusalem's prestigious Hebrew University.
Now 32, he teaches and researches in the field of political communications.
His journey to enlightenment was punctuated by major revelations -- like the day it dawned on him that the biblical Hebrew he had grown up speaking was not the same as modern Hebrew used by other Israelis.
If today such recollections make him smile, the thought that tens of thousands of children -- with the complicity of the state -- are denied a basic education really "hurts," he says.
"We know it will be very difficult to get real justice for all the children," David said.
"But at least we want to try."


text:
Education, News & Politics
Mom Jailed for Enrolling Kids in School Tells Her Story in New Book, Film
With Hollywood knocking on her door, Kelley Williams-Bolar will be marking 2014 as the year that her story is finally told in summation.
In 2011, Williams-Bolar was jailed for sending her two daughters to school in a predominately White school district in which her father lived. This year, audiences will be able to get a more in-depth look behind-the-scenes when her story is brought to life with her upcoming book, The Kelly Williams-Bolar Story set for an April 1 release and a movie, directed by Stephen Stix Josey and starring Garrett Morris and A Different World's Charnele Brown, who will portray Williams-Bolar.
RELATED: STILL SEPARATE, STILL UNEQUAL
The family had lived in an Akron, Ohio housing project neighborhood where lacking schooling options spurred her to ask her father if she could she use his address to enroll her children in a school in his Copley Township school district in Ohio. Her children were enrolled for two years until the school district filed criminal charges against her for enrolling her children in a school district where she was not a legal resident. Williams-Bolar, like many of her supporters, to this day, asserts that the charges were racially motivated.
"There weren't that many minorities out there," Williams-Bolar says. "This was their way to narrow down our enrollment. I didn't hear them say that, but at the same time there were only a sprinkle [of non-White students]."
Williams-Bolar's father, Edward L. Williams, was charged with a fourth-degree felony of grand theft, in which he and his daughter were charged with defrauding the school system for two years of educational services for their girls despite the fact that Edward Williams was a legal resident of the neighborhood. The court ruled that sending their children to the school was worth $30,500 in tuition, which Williams-Bolar was responsible for repaying. She asserts that although she became singled out, she was not the only parent at the school who had made the same decision.
"I knew the other people who were doing the same thing, one woman in particular. [When my story made the news] I knew she was scared to death, I knew she thought I was going to say something. She kind of distanced herself," she says.
When Ohio governor John Kasich made the decision to reduce her sentence of ten days of jail time and changed felony charges to misdemeanors when swayed by the national outrage, Williams-Bolar's luck appeared to have gotten better. More than 100,000 signatures were collected by Change.org and ColorofChange.org in support of her. According to Colorlines, Kasich went on to use Williams-Bolar's case to highlight the need for more school choice options, like school vouchers, that allow students to leave the public school system.
However, although the news whirlwind died down slightly upon her release, hardship still circled Williams-Bolar and her family. Her father was still being held on charges relating to the investigation fueled by Williams-Bolar's case, and he wound up losing his home and later dying while in prison in 2012.
His death and her notoriety took its toll on her well-being. "I went into a deep depression," Williams-Bolar remembers. "I could barely make it to work and talk. There were some serious trials there."
Two years after his death, Williams-Bolar has been able to find and maintain work in her field of education while enrolling one of her daughters in private school. However, she is currently struggling to pay the tuition.
Lawmakers Move To Ban Hiring Of Fired Officers, Simone Biles Ends Nike Partnership, And Erika Alexander Talks Life Post-Divorce
"My daughter is in a private school. After my case made the news, a gentleman paid for her school for the first year but he hasn't paid for this year, so I'm busting my butt trying to get her to be able to stay there," Williams-Bolar admits. She resolves that having her daughter in private school right now is the safest and best choice given her alternatives.
"Hopefully public schools don't become obsolete," Williams-Bolar says. "But, you have to know what is going on in the school and with your child. If you know that the state school is not working, you have to find out what your options are. Some parents are choosing to enroll in private schools or home-school. Home-schooling is not always possible because most parents have to work. You find what options are. 'Keep them safe and educated', should be every parents quote."
Williams-Bolar created the website ChildsReign.org to offer pre-orders of her book and document news about her case and her subsequent work as an education advocate. Hoping that her new book and movie deal will shed light on her story while offering her opportunity for more speaking engagements so she can earn money for her daughter's private school, Williams-Bolar is focused, yet realistic.
"Time heals," she says, "but I will never be the person I was prior to everything that happened."
Khadijah Z. Ali-Coleman is on Twitter and Facebook at @SOYAOnline.
kelley williams bolar ohio public schools


text:
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Home 420 News Medical Marijuana News Georgia Man Challenging Federal Government's Position On Medical Marijuana
Georgia Man Challenging Federal Government's Position On Medical Marijuana
420Magazine.com
Photo Credit: Reuters
Sebastien Cotte has seen how medical marijuana eased the suffering of his son, who has an incurable neurological disorder.
Cotte's son Jagger was as only a year old when he had to be resuscitated in 2011. Medical experts said the boy from Stone Mountain, Georgia, had brain lesions associated with a severe form of what is known as Leigh's disease and probably wouldn't live longer than another two years.
Jagger celebrated his 7th birthday in September. His father attributes his unexpected survival to the cannabis extracts that he received while the family spent 13 months in Colorado, where such medical treatments are legal.
Speaking at event in Anderson on Sunday, Sebastien Cotte said the treatments gave Jagger a "much better quality of life" by reducing the seizures and easing the pain associated with his disorder.
Last year, Cotte joined a former NFL player, a Vietnam veteran with post-traumatic stress disorder and the father of another ailing child in filing a lawsuit against U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions. The suit is challenging the federal government's classification of cannabis as an illegal drug with no accepted medical benefits.
Oral arguments in the case are set for Feb. 14 in New York, Cotte said.
Sessions announced last week that he was abandoning the hands-off approach that the Department of Justice had adopted under President Obama toward states with marijuana friendly laws.
"It could be bad," Cotte said. "Right now we don't know what is going to happen."
About 50 people attended the education session on medical marijuana at the main Anderson County Library.
Dr. Bill Griffith of Anderson also spoke at the event, which was hosted by the SC Compassionate Care Alliance.
Based on its current federal classification, Griffith said, cannabis is considered as dangerous as LSD and "more dangerous than the opiates that we are seeing so many problems with."
"It just doesn't make much sense," he said. "It is politics, not science."
Griffith mentioned last year's report on a comprehensive study into the health effects of marijuana conducted by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The study found that cannabis is effective in treating chronic pain in adults, as well as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in cancer patients.
Annabelle Robertson, a civil rights attorney and founder of the Indivisible South Carolina group, was another featured speaker at Sunday's event. She is running against U.S. Rep. Joe Wilson, a Republican from South Carolina.
Robertson said the state's GOP congressmen refuse to vote for reclassifying cannabis because they are receiving "huge payouts" from pharmaceutical companies that "do not want a low-cost health alternative like marijuana to take over."
Despite a lack of federal action, 29 states have approved medical marijuana laws. More than a dozen states, including Georgia and South Carolina, have adopted measures allowing a product known as cannabidiol to be used a treatment for seriously ill children with epilepsy and other seizure-related disorders.
SC Compassionate Care Alliance founder Jill Swing, whose daughter has severe epilepsy, said at Sunday's event that she is optimistic that state legislators will pass a medical marijuana bill this year. At least three bipartisan medical marijuana measures were introduced in the South Carolina General Assembly last year, but none won passage.
"This is something South Carolina wants," said Swing, citing a 2016 poll that found 78 percent of respondents supported legalization of medical marijuana.
Her group also contends that opioid-related deaths have decreased by 25 percent in states that approved medical marijuana.
Belton resident Scott Stone said he came to the event in Anderson on Sunday because he believes in medical marijuana.
"It has been proven around the country," Stone said. But he expressed doubt that South Carolina lawmakers will approve medical marijuana this year.
"There are too many Republicans looking to stop it," Stone said.
VIAKirk Brown
SOURCEGeorgia Man Challenging Federal Government's Position On Medical Marijuana
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Print on glass "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]"
Print on glass "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" consisting of 3 parts characterized by its decorational benefits such as abstract, colourful, people, women, Gustav Klimt, triptych and acrylic prints. Acrylic print "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" - as well as other acrylic prints on glass from this collection. It surely can decorate your walls with extraordinary way. Acrylic prints decorate any interior. Print on glass "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" is made of a polymethyl methacrylate, known as acrylic glass. This material is lightweight, does not discolor under the influence of UV light, so art print "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" is slightly glossy and has a 3d effect. Wall decoration "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" is resistant to moisture, therefore it can be hanged in kitchen or a bathroom.
Print on glass "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" is an extremely practical and original wall art. Original, colourfull pattern"Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" printed on acrylic glass gaining an amazing effect in modern interior. Take a look at the collection of acrylic prints in bimago online gallery, where you can find "Mother's Hug (3 Parts) [Glass]" and another beautiful patterns.


What does the injury lawyer do for me?
Personal injury lawyers represent and protect your interests in dealing with the ICBC adjuster who is representing the interests of the other driver.
John and his team will deal with the ICBC issues and let you focus on your medical recovery.
We will obtain and prepare the documentation necessary to pursue your claim.
We will obtain the evidence necessary to properly advance your claim. We will assess the value of your claim and carry out the negotiations with the ICBC adjuster to attempt to settle your claim.
We will attend to commencing and pursuing any legal action that needs to be advanced.
We will carefully explain each part of the process and keep you abreast of any changes to your case or claim.
While the vast majority of cases settle without going to court, you have the option of pursuing the legal proceedings.
A competent and thorough personal injury lawyer is the key to ensuring that you get the settlement you deserve.
As your injury lawyer, John will be there to talk to you and answer any questions you may have throughout the whole process, explaining the issues and range of options with respect to your case and claim. You are not alone. With John Davis on your side, you will get the settlement you deserve.
"As my injury lawyer John fought hard to get me the best settlement in a very complex case where I was injured but deemed to be partially to blame for the accident. I would highly recommend John and his staff for your ICBC claim." – Michael C.


text:
Open-access, online, rapid taxonomy
Australian Journal of
AJT Home
How does AJT work?
Taxonomy Australia Home
Why do we need an online platform for the rapid publication of new Australian taxa?
Australian Journal of Taxonomy is published by Taxonomy Australia, which has a mission to advocate and support the taxonomic documentation of Australia's rich biodiversity, and to help find ways to accelerate the discovery and naming of all remaining species of plants, animals, fungi and other organisms.
At the current rate of species discovery and documentation, using traditional journals and traditional taxonomic practice, it is estimated that it will take four centuries to fully document Australia's biota.
That's too slow - and we're keen to see it done in a generation.
One part of the solution is to support more efficient publication of new species and other taxa. Australian Journal of Taxonomy does just that, and is optimised for the rapid publication of concise, adequate, and effective descriptions of new species, with minimum fuss.
Australian Journal of Taxonomy is targeted at small, straightforward taxonomic and nomenclatural papers, including descriptions of single species, miscellany papers, and small revisions. These papers are often hard to publish in traditional journals, resulting in many species that could be straightforwardly published remaining unpublished and undocumented.
If you need to publish a full, detailed revision of a large taxonomic group, it will probably be better to use a traditional journal. If, however, you have new Australian taxa to publish, or need to publish other nomenclatural acts outside the context of a full revision, consider authoring a paper for rapid publication in Australian Journal of Taxonomy.


Algae Biofuel is being touted as an efficient, sustainable and renewable energy source for generations to come.
Algae has more oil per pound compared to traditional biological sources such as corn and soybean. Since it can be cultivated in sewage water or saltwater, it does not compete with food crops in terms of land space or freshwater sources.
Algae is also easy to cultivate. It can grow twenty to thirty times faster than traditional food crops with a harvesting cycle of one to ten days. This gives this alternative fuel source an almost abundant and continuous supply all year round.
For examply, biodiesel is typically sourced from soybeans. With soybeans, the yield per acre per year is about 50 gallons. Comparing this to bio-oil that can be sourced from algae, the yield would be anywhere between 1,000 to 5,000 gallons per acre per year.
The reason for this is because algae efficiently converts sunlight to biomass. Through chemical processes, oil can be extracted from this and converted to various oils and fuels that can even be used in combustible engines.
Scientists today described an advance toward a long-sought economical process that could turn algae, like the stuff of pond scum, into a revolutionary new and sustainable source of biodiesel and other "green" fuels. Their report on the use of an environmentally friendly process for extracting oil from algae came at a session of 16th annual Green Chemistry & Engineering Conference, being held here June 18-20 by the Green Chemistry Institute, part of the American Chemical Society (ACS), the world's largest scientific society.
"Algae has great promise as a next-generation biofuel, a fuel that is sustainable and renewable," explained Julie Zimmerman, Ph.D., who leads the research team. "It has more oil per pound than corn and soybeans, does not divert crops from the food supply and can potentially be grown in sewage water and seawater without impacting the freshwater supply." The presentation was part of a symposium on green fuel sources, abstracts for which appear below.
Lindsay Soh, a graduate student in Zimmerman's lab, described their efforts toward a simple process that would extract the fatty molecules called lipids used to make biodiesel from algae and transform them into usable fuel in one fell swoop. This could make biodiesel production from algae cheaper, faster and greener than current methods, which require separate steps — each with its own vessel and chemicals — to perform those operations. This "one-pot" reaction uses so-called supercritical carbon dioxide, which uses elevated pressures and temperatures so that it fills its container like a gas but is as dense as a liquid.
Zimmerman pointed out that supercritical carbon dioxide has long had a variety of commercial and industrial uses, ranging from a process used to decaffeinate coffee to a more environmentally friendly solvent for dry cleaning clothing. The process is nontoxic, which makes it an attractive alternative to some of the harsher, potentially toxic chemicals used in other algae-to-biofuel technology, she noted.
"But this really is the first time that scientists have realized that a green system like supercritical CO2 might have applications in producing biofuel from algae."
Soh explained that similar approaches have been proposed for using supercritical methanol and ethanol, but the use of supercritical carbon dioxide requires lower temperatures, making it easier to work with and less energy-intensive. Another advantage, Zimmerman noted, is that the supercritical carbon dioxide, which acts as a solvent for oil, can be tuned to extract only specific components from algae oils, saving time and resources. Such tuning is not possible with conventional solvents. Another advantage: Supercritical carbon dioxide is a long-established technology, with an excellent track record in industrial and commercial applications ― something that may smooth its transition from the lab to everyday use.
A peek at the algae biofuels production process.
Zimmerman and Soh already have shown in previous research that supercritical carbon dioxide can extract lipids from algae. Soh now is moving ahead with the next step, which involves converting the lipids to biodiesel, with the ultimate goal of performing the entire extraction and conversion in a single production chamber.
"Combining the processes into a single step is important," Soh explained. "Supercritical carbon dioxide is a pricey technology because it requires a good deal of energy and initial capital. If we can combine this into one step, it will reduce the costs and bring us closer to commercialization."
Transforming the extracted lipids into biodiesel requires a catalyst, a substance that encourages a chemical reaction without being consumed by it. Soh is experimenting with several, focusing on commercially available catalysts that are insoluble in the supercritical carbon dioxide mixture so that they can be recovered after the reaction without additional steps, which take time, money and, frequently, potentially toxic chemicals.


text:
Q: Not able to load data to SharePoint Look up Column What should i give the value for Share Point lookup column (FacilityIDid). I have tried giving value and ID;#ColumnValue. None of them seems to be working for me
Here is what i have tried so far
curl --ntlm -d " {PersonnelID:'2810', FirstName:'Seth', LastName:'Yoser', **FacilityIDId**:'2810;#246'}" -H content-type:application/json -H If-Mat
ch:* -X PUT http://user:pass@server/sites/eTMFDev/_vti_bi
n/ListData.svc/FacilityPersonnel(2810) -v

This is the error i am getting
*   Trying 10.108.50.173...
* Connected to server (10.108.50.173) port 80 (#0)
* Server auth using NTLM with user 'xxxxxxx'
> PUT /sites/eTMFDev/_vti_bin/ListData.svc/FacilityPersonnel(2810) HTTP/1.1
> Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAt4II4gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAbEdAAAADw==
> User-Agent: curl/7.35.0
> Host: server
> Accept: */*
> content-type:application/json
> If-Match:*
> Content-Length: 0
>
< HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
* Server Microsoft-IIS/7.5 is not blacklisted
< Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
< SPRequestGuid: 0914fefe-5485-4113-a5f5-8e97257e844a
< WWW-Authenticate: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAACAAAAEgASADgAAAA1goniWVuIi/bRlnsAAAAAAAAAALw
AvABKAAAABgGxHQAAAA9SAEUARwBFAE4ARQBSAE8ATgACABIAUgBFAEcARQBOAEUAUgBPAE4AAQAWAFQ
AQQBSAFIARQBHAFMAUAAwADMARAAEACQAcgBlAGcAZQBuAGUAcgBvAG4ALgByAGUAZwBuAC4AYwBvAG0
AAwA8AFQAQQBSAFIARQBHAFMAUAAwADMARAAuAHIAZQBnAGUAbgBlAHIAbwBuAC4AcgBlAGcAbgAuAGM
AbwBtAAUAEAByAGUAZwBuAC4AYwBvAG0ABwAIADoscir1Qs8BAAAAAA==
< X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
< MicrosoftSharePointTeamServices: 14.0.0.6112
< Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2014 21:58:16 GMT
< Content-Length: 0
<
* Connection #0 to host server left intact
* Issue another request to this URL: 'http://user:pass@server/sites/eTMFDev/_vti_bin/ListData.svc/FacilityPersonnel(2810)'
* Found bundle for host server: 0x6f56a8
* Re-using existing connection! (#0) with host tarregsp03d
* Connected to server (10.108.50.173) port 80 (#0)
* Server auth using NTLM with user 'xxxxxxxx'
> PUT /sites/eTMFDev/_vti_bin/ListData.svc/FacilityPersonnel(2810) HTTP/1.1
> Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAADAAAAGAAYAJIAAABEAUQBqgAAAAAAAABYAAAAJAAkAFgAAA
AWABYAfAAAABAAEADuAQAANYKI4gYBsR0AAAAPeKao8HTlrnu7E+9CmM0RMm4AYQB2AGUAZQBuAC4AbQ
BpAGsAawBpAGwAaQBuAGUAbgBpAE4ATQBJAEsASwBJAEwASQBFAE4ASQAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA
AAAAAAAAAOzIpEPva8qt67zJ9biezZAQEAAAAAAAA6LHIq9ULPAdv4PIEtOZT2AAAAAAIAEgBSAEUARw
BFAE4ARQBSAE8ATgABABYAVABBAFIAUgBFAEcAUwBQADAAMwBEAAQAJAByAGUAZwBlAG4AZQByAG8Abg
AuAHIAZQBnAG4ALgBjAG8AbQADADwAVABBAFIAUgBFAEcAUwBQADAAMwBEAC4AcgBlAGcAZQBuAGUAcg
BvAG4ALgByAGUAZwBuAC4AYwBvAG0ABQAQAHIAZQBnAG4ALgBjAG8AbQAHAAgAOixyKvVCzwEGAAQAAg
AAAAgAMAAwAAAAAAAAAAEAAAAAIAAA4WriUS7UHOe2wTpB8DNYuNHjFPfS1HGB7DSdPqeo0XwKABAAAA
AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAkAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAYZVx3VVlj4kc9H1z8LRKl
> User-Agent: curl/7.35.0
> Host: server
> Accept: */*
> content-type:application/json
> If-Match:*
> Content-Length: 81
>
* upload completely sent off: 81 out of 81 bytes
< HTTP/1.1 400 Bad Request
< Cache-Control: private
< Content-Type: application/xml
* Server Microsoft-IIS/7.5 is not blacklisted
< Server: Microsoft-IIS/7.5
< SPRequestGuid: 213d379e-9b8d-452c-9cab-57f7b1ec6b12
< Set-Cookie: WSS_KeepSessionAuthenticated={51c18e72-bc56-4ff9-a8a9-dd0cf0c85237
}; path=/
< X-SharePointHealthScore: 4
< DataServiceVersion: 1.0;
< X-AspNet-Version: 2.0.50727
< Persistent-Auth: true
< X-Powered-By: ASP.NET
< MicrosoftSharePointTeamServices: 14.0.0.6112
< Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2014 21:58:16 GMT
< Content-Length: 418
<
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" standalone="yes"?>
<error xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/ado/2007/08/dataservices/metadata">

  <message xml:lang="en-US">Error processing request stream. Error encountered i
n converting the value from request payload for property 'FacilityIDId' to type
'Int32', which is the property's expected type. See inner exception for more det
ail.</message>
</error>* Connection #0 to host tarregsp03d left intact

Here is the code with context-length parameter
C:\Users\nmikkilineni>curl --ntlm -d " {PersonnelID:'2810', FirstName:'Seth', La
stName:'Yoser', FacilityIDId:'#0247'}" -H content-type:application/json -H If-Ma
tch:* -H "Content-Length: 90" -X PUT http://naveen.mikkilineni:mar-2014@tarregsp
03d/sites/eTMFDev/_vti_bin/ListData.svc/FacilityPersonnel(2810) -v
* Hostname was NOT found in DNS cache
*   Trying 10.108.50.173...
* Connected to tarregsp03d (10.108.50.173) port 80 (#0)
* Server auth using NTLM with user 'naveen.mikkilineni'
> PUT /sites/eTMFDev/_vti_bin/ListData.svc/FacilityPersonnel(2810) HTTP/1.1
> Authorization: NTLM TlRMTVNTUAABAAAAt4II4gAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAGAbEdAAAADw==
> User-Agent: curl/7.35.0
> Host: tarregsp03d
> Accept: */*
> content-type:application/json
> If-Match:*
>
< HTTP/1.1 411 Length Required
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii
* Server Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0 is not blacklisted
< Server: Microsoft-HTTPAPI/2.0
< Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2014 00:19:44 GMT
< Connection: close
< Content-Length: 344
<
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/str
ict.dtd">
<TITLE>Length Required</TITLE>
<META HTTP-EQUIV="Content-Type" Content="text/html; charset=us-ascii">

Length Required

HTTP Error 411. The request must be chunked or have a content length.

* Closing connection 0

A: Your PUT request sending Content-Length: 0 data to the server. It requires PUT to specify the content length that you send.
Add this header
-H "Content-Length: xyz"

Here xyz is the total length of the string that you are passing through -d parameter. In your case its around 86 characters in length!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<title>Source code</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../../../../stylesheet.css" title="Style">

001
002
005
006package org.jsimpledb.gui;
007
008import com.vaadin.server.UIClassSelectionEvent;
009import com.vaadin.server.UIProvider;
010import com.vaadin.ui.UI;
011
012/**
013 * {@link UIProvider} for this GUI.
014 */
015@SuppressWarnings("serial")
016public class GUIUIProvider extends UIProvider {
017
018    @Override
019    public Class<? extends UI> getUIClass(UIClassSelectionEvent event) {
020
021        // Get requested URI path
022        String pathInfo = event.getRequest().getPathInfo();
023        if (pathInfo != null)
024            pathInfo = pathInfo.substring(1);
025
026        // Look for well-known patterns... TODO
027
028        // Default to main root
029        return MainUI.class;
030    }
031}
032

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Traditionally speaking, tea gardens are more synonymous with the hill town of Darjeeling in West Bengal. However, the tea gardens in Assam rank higher in terms of production, most of which is exported to the global tea markets. There are a number of tea estates and gardens in Assam, especially in areas like Dibrugarh and Tinsukia. A tour to Assam is futile without basking in the romance of the tea gardens. And as an experienced North East India tour operator, we can assure you that your tour to NE India is incomplete without visiting the tea estates and staying at least one night in a tea garden.
Tea gardens have a beauty inherent in them. You may feel that there is nothing worth visiting gardens with evenly pruned tea stalks, greenery all around. That is usually the idea you perceive from photographs. Once you actually step into a tea garden, your experience will be quite different. You will fall in love with the symmetry of the place: nothing is out of place. The tea stalks, the paths, the irrigation system and everything blend together in a beautifully organized frame. This world of order and silence will lure you by its charm.
Book rooms at our Mancotta Heritage Chang Bungalow in Dibrugarh and stay over for a night at least. Visit the nearby Jalan Nagar Tea Estate, or the Khanikar Tea Estate, at a distance of about 15 minutes from the former one. These tea estates have been around for decades. With our Heritage Tea Ride tour package, you will find everything you have read about tea gardens in books and magazines. There are tea pickers with wicker baskets on their backs, smiling and chatting as they work. These workers are often Bangladeshi immigrants who have crossed over to Assam. They are quite friendly and you can learn a lot about the process of cultivating tea from them.
The weather, especially during the months of October to April is quite pleasant. You can hang around in the tea gardens till late in the evening. These tea gardens don't just sell tea, among the best in the world. Some establishments also serve tea and you can sip on it while you soak in the wonderful ambiance of the place. Stay at the Purvi Discovery hotels in Dibrugarh or book a bungalow if you are with friends and extended family.
Assam, and the whole of North East in general, has a beguiling pull on people. Once you are there, you will want to return again! Experience the romance of tea gardens while you are there. It will give you memories of a lifetime.