text:
"""Provide a registry to track entity IDs.

The Entity Registry keeps a registry of entities. Entities are uniquely
identified by their domain, platform and a unique id provided by that platform.

The Entity Registry will persist itself 10 seconds after a new entity is
registered. Registering a new entity while a timer is in progress resets the
timer.
"""
from collections import OrderedDict
import logging
from typing import (
    TYPE_CHECKING,
    Any,
    Callable,
    Dict,
    Iterable,
    List,
    Optional,
    Tuple,
    cast,
)

import attr

from homeassistant.const import (
    ATTR_DEVICE_CLASS,
    ATTR_FRIENDLY_NAME,
    ATTR_ICON,
    ATTR_SUPPORTED_FEATURES,
    ATTR_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT,
    EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_START,
    STATE_UNAVAILABLE,
)
from homeassistant.core import Event, callback, split_entity_id, valid_entity_id
from homeassistant.helpers.device_registry import EVENT_DEVICE_REGISTRY_UPDATED
from homeassistant.util import slugify
from homeassistant.util.yaml import load_yaml

from .singleton import singleton
from .typing import HomeAssistantType

if TYPE_CHECKING:
    from homeassistant.config_entries import ConfigEntry  # noqa: F401

# mypy: allow-untyped-defs, no-check-untyped-defs

PATH_REGISTRY = "entity_registry.yaml"
DATA_REGISTRY = "entity_registry"
EVENT_ENTITY_REGISTRY_UPDATED = "entity_registry_updated"
SAVE_DELAY = 10
_LOGGER = logging.getLogger(__name__)
_UNDEF = object()
DISABLED_CONFIG_ENTRY = "config_entry"
DISABLED_HASS = "hass"
DISABLED_USER = "user"
DISABLED_INTEGRATION = "integration"

ATTR_RESTORED = "restored"

STORAGE_VERSION = 1
STORAGE_KEY = "core.entity_registry"

# Attributes relevant to describing entity
# to external services.
ENTITY_DESCRIBING_ATTRIBUTES = {
    "entity_id",
    "name",
    "original_name",
    "capabilities",
    "supported_features",
    "device_class",
    "unit_of_measurement",
}

@attr.s(slots=True, frozen=True)
class RegistryEntry:
    """Entity Registry Entry."""

    entity_id = attr.ib(type=str)
    unique_id = attr.ib(type=str)
    platform = attr.ib(type=str)
    name = attr.ib(type=str, default=None)
    icon = attr.ib(type=str, default=None)
    device_id: Optional[str] = attr.ib(default=None)
    config_entry_id: Optional[str] = attr.ib(default=None)
    disabled_by = attr.ib(
        type=Optional[str],
        default=None,
        validator=attr.validators.in_(
            (
                DISABLED_HASS,
                DISABLED_USER,
                DISABLED_INTEGRATION,
                DISABLED_CONFIG_ENTRY,
                None,
            )
        ),
    )
    capabilities: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = attr.ib(default=None)
    supported_features: int = attr.ib(default=0)
    device_class: Optional[str] = attr.ib(default=None)
    unit_of_measurement: Optional[str] = attr.ib(default=None)
    # As set by integration
    original_name: Optional[str] = attr.ib(default=None)
    original_icon: Optional[str] = attr.ib(default=None)
    domain = attr.ib(type=str, init=False, repr=False)

    @domain.default
    def _domain_default(self) -> str:
        """Compute domain value."""
        return split_entity_id(self.entity_id)[0]

    @property
    def disabled(self) -> bool:
        """Return if entry is disabled."""
        return self.disabled_by is not None

class EntityRegistry:
    """Class to hold a registry of entities."""

    def __init__(self, hass: HomeAssistantType):
        """Initialize the registry."""
        self.hass = hass
        self.entities: Dict[str, RegistryEntry]
        self._store = hass.helpers.storage.Store(STORAGE_VERSION, STORAGE_KEY)
        self.hass.bus.async_listen(
            EVENT_DEVICE_REGISTRY_UPDATED, self.async_device_removed
        )

    @callback
    def async_get_device_class_lookup(self, domain_device_classes: set) -> dict:
        """Return a lookup for the device class by domain."""
        lookup: Dict[str, Dict[Tuple[Any, Any], str]] = {}
        for entity in self.entities.values():
            if not entity.device_id:
                continue
            domain_device_class = (entity.domain, entity.device_class)
            if domain_device_class not in domain_device_classes:
                continue
            if entity.device_id not in lookup:
                lookup[entity.device_id] = {domain_device_class: entity.entity_id}
            else:
                lookup[entity.device_id][domain_device_class] = entity.entity_id
        return lookup

    @callback
    def async_is_registered(self, entity_id: str) -> bool:
        """Check if an entity_id is currently registered."""
        return entity_id in self.entities

    @callback
    def async_get(self, entity_id: str) -> Optional[RegistryEntry]:
        """Get EntityEntry for an entity_id."""
        return self.entities.get(entity_id)

    @callback
    def async_get_entity_id(
        self, domain: str, platform: str, unique_id: str
    ) -> Optional[str]:
        """Check if an entity_id is currently registered."""
        for entity in self.entities.values():
            if (
                entity.domain == domain
                and entity.platform == platform
                and entity.unique_id == unique_id
            ):
                return entity.entity_id
        return None

    @callback
    def async_generate_entity_id(
        self,
        domain: str,
        suggested_object_id: str,
        known_object_ids: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
    ) -> str:
        """Generate an entity ID that does not conflict.

        Conflicts checked against registered and currently existing entities.
        """
        preferred_string = f"{domain}.{slugify(suggested_object_id)}"
        test_string = preferred_string
        if not known_object_ids:
            known_object_ids = {}

        tries = 1
        while (
            test_string in self.entities
            or test_string in known_object_ids
            or self.hass.states.get(test_string)
        ):
            tries += 1
            test_string = f"{preferred_string}_{tries}"

        return test_string

    @callback
    def async_get_or_create(
        self,
        domain: str,
        platform: str,
        unique_id: str,
        *,
        # To influence entity ID generation
        suggested_object_id: Optional[str] = None,
        known_object_ids: Optional[Iterable[str]] = None,
        # To disable an entity if it gets created
        disabled_by: Optional[str] = None,
        # Data that we want entry to have
        config_entry: Optional["ConfigEntry"] = None,
        device_id: Optional[str] = None,
        capabilities: Optional[Dict[str, Any]] = None,
        supported_features: Optional[int] = None,
        device_class: Optional[str] = None,
        unit_of_measurement: Optional[str] = None,
        original_name: Optional[str] = None,
        original_icon: Optional[str] = None,
    ) -> RegistryEntry:
        """Get entity. Create if it doesn't exist."""
        config_entry_id = None
        if config_entry:
            config_entry_id = config_entry.entry_id

        entity_id = self.async_get_entity_id(domain, platform, unique_id)

        if entity_id:
            return self._async_update_entity(  # type: ignore
                entity_id,
                config_entry_id=config_entry_id or _UNDEF,
                device_id=device_id or _UNDEF,
                capabilities=capabilities or _UNDEF,
                supported_features=supported_features or _UNDEF,
                device_class=device_class or _UNDEF,
                unit_of_measurement=unit_of_measurement or _UNDEF,
                original_name=original_name or _UNDEF,
                original_icon=original_icon or _UNDEF,
                # When we changed our slugify algorithm, we invalidated some
                # stored entity IDs with either a __ or ending in _.
                # Fix introduced in 0.86 (Jan 23, 2019). Next line can be
                # removed when we release 1.0 or in 2020.
                new_entity_id=".".join(
                    slugify(part) for part in entity_id.split(".", 1)
                ),
            )

        entity_id = self.async_generate_entity_id(
            domain, suggested_object_id or f"{platform}_{unique_id}", known_object_ids
        )

        if (
            disabled_by is None
            and config_entry
            and config_entry.system_options.disable_new_entities
        ):
            disabled_by = DISABLED_INTEGRATION

        entity = RegistryEntry(
            entity_id=entity_id,
            config_entry_id=config_entry_id,
            device_id=device_id,
            unique_id=unique_id,
            platform=platform,
            disabled_by=disabled_by,
            capabilities=capabilities,
            supported_features=supported_features or 0,
            device_class=device_class,
            unit_of_measurement=unit_of_measurement,
            original_name=original_name,
            original_icon=original_icon,
        )
        self.entities[entity_id] = entity
        _LOGGER.info("Registered new %s.%s entity: %s", domain, platform, entity_id)
        self.async_schedule_save()

        self.hass.bus.async_fire(
            EVENT_ENTITY_REGISTRY_UPDATED, {"action": "create", "entity_id": entity_id}
        )

        return entity

    @callback
    def async_remove(self, entity_id: str) -> None:
        """Remove an entity from registry."""
        self.entities.pop(entity_id)
        self.hass.bus.async_fire(
            EVENT_ENTITY_REGISTRY_UPDATED, {"action": "remove", "entity_id": entity_id}
        )
        self.async_schedule_save()

    @callback
    def async_device_removed(self, event: Event) -> None:
        """Handle the removal of a device.

        Remove entities from the registry that are associated to a device when
        the device is removed.
        """
        if event.data["action"] != "remove":
            return
        entities = async_entries_for_device(self, event.data["device_id"])
        for entity in entities:
            self.async_remove(entity.entity_id)

    @callback
    def async_update_entity(
        self,
        entity_id,
        *,
        name=_UNDEF,
        icon=_UNDEF,
        new_entity_id=_UNDEF,
        new_unique_id=_UNDEF,
        disabled_by=_UNDEF,
    ):
        """Update properties of an entity."""
        return cast(  # cast until we have _async_update_entity type hinted
            RegistryEntry,
            self._async_update_entity(
                entity_id,
                name=name,
                icon=icon,
                new_entity_id=new_entity_id,
                new_unique_id=new_unique_id,
                disabled_by=disabled_by,
            ),
        )

    @callback
    def _async_update_entity(
        self,
        entity_id,
        *,
        name=_UNDEF,
        icon=_UNDEF,
        config_entry_id=_UNDEF,
        new_entity_id=_UNDEF,
        device_id=_UNDEF,
        new_unique_id=_UNDEF,
        disabled_by=_UNDEF,
        capabilities=_UNDEF,
        supported_features=_UNDEF,
        device_class=_UNDEF,
        unit_of_measurement=_UNDEF,
        original_name=_UNDEF,
        original_icon=_UNDEF,
    ):
        """Private facing update properties method."""
        old = self.entities[entity_id]

        changes = {}

        for attr_name, value in (
            ("name", name),
            ("icon", icon),
            ("config_entry_id", config_entry_id),
            ("device_id", device_id),
            ("disabled_by", disabled_by),
            ("capabilities", capabilities),
            ("supported_features", supported_features),
            ("device_class", device_class),
            ("unit_of_measurement", unit_of_measurement),
            ("original_name", original_name),
            ("original_icon", original_icon),
        ):
            if value is not _UNDEF and value != getattr(old, attr_name):
                changes[attr_name] = value

        if new_entity_id is not _UNDEF and new_entity_id != old.entity_id:
            if self.async_is_registered(new_entity_id):
                raise ValueError("Entity is already registered")

            if not valid_entity_id(new_entity_id):
                raise ValueError("Invalid entity ID")

            if split_entity_id(new_entity_id)[0] != split_entity_id(entity_id)[0]:
                raise ValueError("New entity ID should be same domain")

            self.entities.pop(entity_id)
            entity_id = changes["entity_id"] = new_entity_id

        if new_unique_id is not _UNDEF:
            conflict = next(
                (
                    entity
                    for entity in self.entities.values()
                    if entity.unique_id == new_unique_id
                    and entity.domain == old.domain
                    and entity.platform == old.platform
                ),
                None,
            )
            if conflict:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Unique id '{new_unique_id}' is already in use by "
                    f"'{conflict.entity_id}'"
                )
            changes["unique_id"] = new_unique_id

        if not changes:
            return old

        new = self.entities[entity_id] = attr.evolve(old, **changes)

        self.async_schedule_save()

        data = {"action": "update", "entity_id": entity_id, "changes": list(changes)}

        if old.entity_id != entity_id:
            data["old_entity_id"] = old.entity_id

        self.hass.bus.async_fire(EVENT_ENTITY_REGISTRY_UPDATED, data)

        return new

    async def async_load(self) -> None:
        """Load the entity registry."""
        async_setup_entity_restore(self.hass, self)

        data = await self.hass.helpers.storage.async_migrator(
            self.hass.config.path(PATH_REGISTRY),
            self._store,
            old_conf_load_func=load_yaml,
            old_conf_migrate_func=_async_migrate,
        )
        entities: Dict[str, RegistryEntry] = OrderedDict()

        if data is not None:
            for entity in data["entities"]:
                # Some old installations can have some bad entities.
                # Filter them out as they cause errors down the line.
                # Can be removed in Jan 2021
                if not valid_entity_id(entity["entity_id"]):
                    continue

                entities[entity["entity_id"]] = RegistryEntry(
                    entity_id=entity["entity_id"],
                    config_entry_id=entity.get("config_entry_id"),
                    device_id=entity.get("device_id"),
                    unique_id=entity["unique_id"],
                    platform=entity["platform"],
                    name=entity.get("name"),
                    icon=entity.get("icon"),
                    disabled_by=entity.get("disabled_by"),
                    capabilities=entity.get("capabilities") or {},
                    supported_features=entity.get("supported_features", 0),
                    device_class=entity.get("device_class"),
                    unit_of_measurement=entity.get("unit_of_measurement"),
                    original_name=entity.get("original_name"),
                    original_icon=entity.get("original_icon"),
                )

        self.entities = entities

    @callback
    def async_schedule_save(self) -> None:
        """Schedule saving the entity registry."""
        self._store.async_delay_save(self._data_to_save, SAVE_DELAY)

    @callback
    def _data_to_save(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        """Return data of entity registry to store in a file."""
        data = {}

        data["entities"] = [
            {
                "entity_id": entry.entity_id,
                "config_entry_id": entry.config_entry_id,
                "device_id": entry.device_id,
                "unique_id": entry.unique_id,
                "platform": entry.platform,
                "name": entry.name,
                "icon": entry.icon,
                "disabled_by": entry.disabled_by,
                "capabilities": entry.capabilities,
                "supported_features": entry.supported_features,
                "device_class": entry.device_class,
                "unit_of_measurement": entry.unit_of_measurement,
                "original_name": entry.original_name,
                "original_icon": entry.original_icon,
            }
            for entry in self.entities.values()
        ]

        return data

    @callback
    def async_clear_config_entry(self, config_entry: str) -> None:
        """Clear config entry from registry entries."""
        for entity_id in [
            entity_id
            for entity_id, entry in self.entities.items()
            if config_entry == entry.config_entry_id
        ]:
            self.async_remove(entity_id)

@singleton(DATA_REGISTRY)
async def async_get_registry(hass: HomeAssistantType) -> EntityRegistry:
    """Create entity registry."""
    reg = EntityRegistry(hass)
    await reg.async_load()
    return reg

@callback
def async_entries_for_device(
    registry: EntityRegistry, device_id: str
) -> List[RegistryEntry]:
    """Return entries that match a device."""
    return [
        entry for entry in registry.entities.values() if entry.device_id == device_id
    ]

@callback
def async_entries_for_config_entry(
    registry: EntityRegistry, config_entry_id: str
) -> List[RegistryEntry]:
    """Return entries that match a config entry."""
    return [
        entry
        for entry in registry.entities.values()
        if entry.config_entry_id == config_entry_id
    ]

async def _async_migrate(entities: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, List[Dict[str, Any]]]:
    """Migrate the YAML config file to storage helper format."""
    return {
        "entities": [
            {"entity_id": entity_id, **info} for entity_id, info in entities.items()
        ]
    }

@callback
def async_setup_entity_restore(
    hass: HomeAssistantType, registry: EntityRegistry
) -> None:
    """Set up the entity restore mechanism."""

    @callback
    def cleanup_restored_states(event: Event) -> None:
        """Clean up restored states."""
        if event.data["action"] != "remove":
            return

        state = hass.states.get(event.data["entity_id"])

        if state is None or not state.attributes.get(ATTR_RESTORED):
            return

        hass.states.async_remove(event.data["entity_id"], context=event.context)

    hass.bus.async_listen(EVENT_ENTITY_REGISTRY_UPDATED, cleanup_restored_states)

    if hass.is_running:
        return

    @callback
    def _write_unavailable_states(_: Event) -> None:
        """Make sure state machine contains entry for each registered entity."""
        states = hass.states
        existing = set(states.async_entity_ids())

        for entry in registry.entities.values():
            if entry.entity_id in existing or entry.disabled:
                continue

            attrs: Dict[str, Any] = {ATTR_RESTORED: True}

            if entry.capabilities is not None:
                attrs.update(entry.capabilities)

            if entry.supported_features is not None:
                attrs[ATTR_SUPPORTED_FEATURES] = entry.supported_features

            if entry.device_class is not None:
                attrs[ATTR_DEVICE_CLASS] = entry.device_class

            if entry.unit_of_measurement is not None:
                attrs[ATTR_UNIT_OF_MEASUREMENT] = entry.unit_of_measurement

            name = entry.name or entry.original_name
            if name is not None:
                attrs[ATTR_FRIENDLY_NAME] = name

            icon = entry.icon or entry.original_icon
            if icon is not None:
                attrs[ATTR_ICON] = icon

            states.async_set(entry.entity_id, STATE_UNAVAILABLE, attrs)

    hass.bus.async_listen(EVENT_HOMEASSISTANT_START, _write_unavailable_states)

async def async_migrate_entries(
    hass: HomeAssistantType,
    config_entry_id: str,
    entry_callback: Callable[[RegistryEntry], Optional[dict]],
) -> None:
    """Migrator of unique IDs."""
    ent_reg = await async_get_registry(hass)

    for entry in ent_reg.entities.values():
        if entry.config_entry_id != config_entry_id:
            continue

        updates = entry_callback(entry)

        if updates is not None:
            ent_reg.async_update_entity(entry.entity_id, **updates)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
alternatively AmazonUK AmazonUS
Jean SIBELIUS (1865-1957)
Scènes historiques I, Op.25 (1899, 1911) [18:12] (All'Overtura; Scena; Festivo)
Scènes historiques II, Op.66 (1912) [19:42] (The Chase (Overture); Love Song; At the Drawbridge)
King Christian II Suite, Op.27 (1898) [25:34] (Nocturne; Elégie; Musette; Serenade; Ballade)
New Zealand Symphony Orchestra/Pietari Inkinen
rec. Wellington Town Hall, Wellington, New Zealand, 16-17 August 2006. DDD.
Booklet with notes in English and German
NAXOS 8.570068 [63:28]
The first Suite of Scènes historiques and the King Christian Suite are early works by Sibelius. The former was distilled from music for a nationalist pageant written in 1899, music from which Finlandia was later excerpted, the latter dating from 1898. To put them in context with the symphonies, the First Symphony, Op.39, still somewhat influenced by Tchaikovsky, dates from 1899, the Second, in which he arguably finds his true voice, in 1901-2. The second Suite of Scènes dates from around the time of the Fourth Symphony, though, like all the music here, it is much more approachable than the symphony.
Despite being early works, most of the music on this recording is instantly recognisable as Sibelius, especially the Nocturne of the King Christian Suite. He had not completely shaken off the influence of Tchaikovsky – did he ever fully do so? – even in the Nocturne, but this is all fine, likeable music, well worth hearing, yet these works have received very few outings, live or on record in recent years. These pieces deserve to be heard in this format, instead of simply as fillers for the symphonies.
Scènes Historiques I was arranged in 1911. The opening All'Overtura depicts the bard of the Kalevala, the Finnish national epic; Scena evokes the drama of the Thirty Years War; Festivo is set at the court of the Swedish governor but its spirit is, surprisingly, not that of Sweden but of the Spanish dance, the Bolero.
The only competition in the two Scènes historiques Suites comes from a rival budget-price CD, a Chandos Collect recording, with the Royal Scottish National Orchestra under Alexander Gibson (CHAN6591, coupled with Rakastava and Valse lyrique), a very fine disc. My MusicWeb colleague Bob Briggs, reviewing a ClassicO recording in less than enthusiastic terms, recommended this Chandos CD as "an excellent example of how fine a Sibelius conductor Gibson was ... [in] a good selection of Sibelius."
Gibson is an acknowledged Sibelian but the new recording is equal to the challenge. I had encountered the New Zealand Symphony Orchestra on other Naxos recordings, but I had not previously heard Pietari Inkinen in action. It is soon apparent that he has a real feel for the Sibelius idiom. He and the NZSO acquit themselves well from the start; the powerful opening of All'Overtura is well captured, the music seeming to rise mysteriously from the mist. The Scena opens a little sedately for a Tempo di menuetto, but comes to life as it should at the climax, while the mood of Festivo, Tempo di Bolero, is also well caught. Inkinen's tempo in Festivo is slower than Beecham's classic 78 recording, reissued on Naxos 8.110867, but then most conductors are slower than Beecham.
The Second Suite, composed in 1912, has only a tenuous link with the 1899 pageant which gave rise to the First Suite. The development of Sibelius's style in the intervening years is apparent in all three pieces, with typical Sibelian horns in The Chase and a strong melody with harp accompaniment in Love Song, all well captured on this recording At the Drawbridge, probably the finest piece from this suite, often used to be performed on its own (was it not a Beecham 'lollipop'?); here it receives a suitably jaunty performance.
The King Christian Suite was adapted from music for a play by Adolf Paul, depicting the love of the king for a Dutch commoner, Dyvecke. When she is murdered by his rival, a Danish nobleman, his revenge is passionate. When Sibelius rearranged the music, he made the Nocturne the first movement and Ballade the last, thus framing the music with tender, swelling love music and blazing passion. The NZSO and Inkinen capture the tender opening love scene and Christian's revenge in the blazing close equally effectively. The Musette is lively; in the Serenade from the Third Act, with music for a court ball, too, they match the mood perfectly.
The chief competition for the King Christian Suite also comes from Chandos, this time in the form of a highly-regarded full-price recording of the complete incidental music. (The Iceland Symphony Orchestra under Peter Sakari on CHAN9518, coupled with Pelleas and Melisande and movements from Swanwhite.) In addition to the movements of the Suite, Sakari includes a Minuet and the Fool's Song.
Rob Barnett was "not at all sure" about Shuntaro Sato's Sibelius collection on Finlandia 0927-49598-2, though he liked his steady pulse in the King Christian music.
At the same budget price as the Naxos recording, Regis RRC1272 offers Pelleas and Melisande, King Christian Suite and the Karelia Suite, with the Philharmonia under Batiz and LSO under Tjeknavorian. Cheaper still is an EMI 2-CD set of Sibelius music, including the King Christian Suite, conducted by Dorati and Gibson Rob Barnett's Bargain of the Month in May 2004 (EMI Classics Gemini 5 857852 2).
An even better bargain is offered by the 8-CD box of Sibelius Symphonies and other works, including the King Christian Suite, under Paavo Berglund, Christopher Howell's MusicWeb Bargain of the Month in February 2002 and still available for around £25 in the UK (EMI 5 74485 2).
If you really want to go for broke, go for the Sibelius bargain of bargains, The Essential Sibelius (BIS-CD1697-1700, 15 CDs for the price of four), Rob Barnett's MusicWeb Bargain of the Month in January 2007, contains all the music on this Naxos recording and much more.
I cannot vouch personally for any of these versions, though they come with good credentials. I can vouch for the high quality of Inkinen's interpretation and the playing of the NZSO.
The Naxos recording is good, wide-ranging but just a little too close. Initially I had the volume a couple of dB higher than usual, having forgotten to turn it down after listening to a CD which needed a bit of a boost. The result was overpowering until I turned things down and, even then, I thought the sound a little too immediate – not a serious problem, however.
The fact that the notes are by Naxos's long-standing expert Keith Anderson is practically a guarantee of their quality.
see also Review by Bob Briggs

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: does just as well -- meaning? Example:

Descriptive names can be carried to an extreme, of course. There's no point in naming a form frmUpdateContactInformation if frmUpdateInfo does just as well. Long names are more easily misspelled or misread than shorter names, so use your judgment.

Could you please explain the inner workings of this construction to me. Is this something along the lines of will do?

A:
just as well

is an idiomatic phrase. In the example, it means "equally well".
This ELU question is a similar topic What is the meaning of "just as well" in this context?.

will do (ex: I was going to buy a BMW, but an Audi will do.)

is a bit different. will do here means (just) satisfactory, but more likely a secondary choice. So it is different from "equally well".

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Max Skibinsky is serial entrepreneur, angel investor & start-up mentor in Silicon Valley. After arriving from Russia in 90'ties Max bootstrapped his first consulting startup to service demand for highly qualified C++ developers during first dot com boom that led to working with clients such as Netscape, AOL, Celera Genomics and Electronic Arts. Later Max became one of first employees and lead software architect at newly formed Voltage Security, an encryption startup incubated at Standford University. In 2005 Max founded Hive7, built upon vision of delivering virtual world experience using pure HTML/AJAX technology. After Facebook opened up its platform, Hive7 leveraged its AJAX expertise to become one of the early leaders in social gaming known for its smash hit game "Knighthood" that grown to many millions players. After developing portfolio of social games of different genres deployed across Facebook, MySpace and Bebo networks and reaching over 10 millions players, Hive7 was sold to Playdom/Disney in 2010. Max is resident mentor in 500 Startups incubator and serves as advisor to number of startups that graduated from 500 Startups and YCombinator programs. In 2011 he co-founded Inporia with Ryan Junee that secured investment from YCombinator, Ron Conway/SV Angels, NEA, Start Fund, Clearstone, Ignition and other prominent angels. When not designing, recruiting, brainstorming, advising, and building startups Max can be found flying around Palo Alto airspace.


My day job as an architect comes with some unique experiences. Like volunteering to help our local downtown Los Angeles community. This year, the global architecture company I work for, DLR Group, celebrated 50 years of practice. And to honor the half a century the company has been in business and the rich DLR Group history, we decided to contribute to a local organization named Jovenes, Inc., which helps local young people and families at-risk succeed with valuable resources and skills.
Some of the things they needed at the time we reached out to them to offer our volunteer services were two new canopies, a few benches, creating a fresh new garden and help with painting a wall mural.
The wall mural was designed by two of their young members who are talented artists in the making. I joined the mural painting group because I had never painted a mural before, and I wanted that new experience while still helping out. The two artists had already sketched the mural parts on the wall before our volunteer day, and we helped them start to paint it.
Working on the mural turned out to be so much fun! It was great to connect with young kids who are excited about creating and who have so much to say through their artwork. So much energy and passion!
But I have to admit, painting a large wall mural, with the sun beating down on us in temps above 90 and sweating like crazy was maybe a little different than painting my usually small watercolors sitting on my comfy couch with the AC on ;-) Little did I know, it was not exactly a walk in the park, but it was so engaging to change the scale and perspective, and at the end of the day, it was amazing to see it all start to come together! We made great progress in just one day and, with their guidance, we helped the two young artists' concept and vision start to come to life.
I have a completely new understanding of what it takes to paint a wall mural, and I have a lot of respect for artists who work with this challenging medium.
While I was having fun painting the mural, the construction was well on the way for other groups of our volunteers.
Keith working hard building one of the canopies.
Chuy absorbed in his task.
With my buddy, Jose, getting ready for some freshly made tacos at lunch.
Not just a pretty architect face: Chuy has mad climbing skills!
Keith and Jose putting together one of the two canopies. Way to go, guys!
Architects, engineers and interior designers, monkeying around one of the finished canopy. We work hard and play hard!
With Isabel (left), our admin extraordinaire, and Liz (right), who is not just an architect, but also a talented photographer. Liz took most of the photos here, and you can find more of her awesome work at elizabethsierra.com Thanks for letting me use your photos, Liz, what great memories!
I'm thankful I got the chance to practice a new painting skill while giving back to our community. At the end of the day, it was very rewarding to contribute to an organization that helps so many and to spend some time with my friends and coworkers on a beautiful LA day!
If you would like to help Jovenes, Inc. with donations or volunteer time, you can reach them through their website here.


text:
Britain's Got Talent winner Ashleigh 'broken' as dog Pudsey dies
The 11-year-old pet made headlines around the world in 2012 on the talent show, helmed by Simon Cowell
Much-loved Pudsey, the dog who won Britain's Got Talent and the hearts of the nation, has died.
The 11-year-old pet made headlines around the world in 2012 on the talent show, helmed by Simon Cowell.
Owner Ashleigh shared this heartbreaking tribute today on social media on Friday: "I can't honestly believe I am writing these words. My handsome man has gone, and I don't know what to do without him.
"My heart is broken, and I don't know how I'm going to get through this. It hurts so much, that my handsome, incredible Pudsey Bear will never be by my side, where he belongs, again.
"We only had 11 years together, but they were the best years ever. He was my one in a billion dog that will never be replaced. I don't need to write all of his endless accomplishments on here to prove how incredible he was for me. Sleep tight my handsome man, I love you lots xxxx."
Ashleigh Butler and Pudsey (Image: matrixpictures.co.uk)
Having won Britain's Got talent in 2012, the Northants duo performed in front of the Queen, hobnobbed with A-list stars and flew to the US on Simon Cowell 's private jet.
Pudsey – who published his autobiography in 2012, earning them a reported fee of £100,000 – even starred in his own film, Pudsey the Dog: the Movie.
The pair, who won the nation's heart with their touching story of friendship on the reality talent show, were near inseperable.
And indeed Ashleigh often felt Pudsey was the real star of their partnership, with the dancer and animal trainer admitting her faithful friend was the one who got recognised out of the pair of them.
(Image: Jonathan Brady/PA Wire)
Speaking about life after their rise to fame in July 2014, she said: "If I'm on my own, people will look at me and kind of know they recognise me from somewhere, but they're not sure.
"But if I'm with Pudsey, then yes, they recognise us."
Coventry NewsHow to stay safe from Covid-19 in the supermarket according to experts"Going to the supermarket is not a risky activity, but it is not risk free."
Murder suspect still on run six years after father stabbed to death in street
CoventryThe murder investigation is still live, police have said


Over the course of the last year, Amazon began rolling out a new worker safety wearable to over 25 sites. The Robotic Tech Vest was designed by The Amazon Robotics and was created to keep workers safe when they need to be in close contact with robotic systems or retrieve fallen items. Built-in sensors in the vest alert robotic systems of the wearer's presence to avoid collision.
Relevance: As robot and human collaborations become increasingly common, employers can take proactive steps to prevent accidents. While collaborative robots usually operate within a safety limit in a shared workspace with human workers, robot accidents do occur especially during non-routine operations such as maintenance. Such a device allow safe interaction between that human workers and their robotic counterparts.
Recently, AIG published the report "9 reasons you should consider piloting wearable now to help improve worker safety" on the use of ergonomic sensors to help prevent soft tissue injuries in workers. Data collected from the wearables could identify processes resulting in poor ergonomics. This would help employers identify at-risk workers and and have timely interventions.
Relevance: Ergonomic sensors can potentially help employers manage workplace safety better. Wearables can help to identify high risk workers and activities for employers to better allocate resources for safety-related training or process changes. Wearing a device can also motivate workers to correct poor postures and movements. Data from wearables can be used to understand the behaviours of safe and injury-free workers from whom others can learn.
Click here to access WSH Institute's e-books collection.
* The WSH Institute Collection is a compilation of WSH-related resources accessible to the public through our collaboration with the National Library Board (NLB).
Effective safety communication plays an important role in reducing the risks of workplace safety incidents. Evidence from previous research had shown that poor safety communication is a common problem in the construction industry.
This study examined the role of safety climate and crew-level cohesion on safety communication levels. It obtained data from 57 construction workplaces in the United States. The findings revealed that a more positive safety climate fosters higher levels of safety communication; crew-level cohesion can foster safety communication; and synergy between safety climate and the crew-level cohesion will foster even higher levels of safety communication amongst workers.
synergistic effect exists between safety climate and crew cohesion for better safety communication.
This study explored the effect of occupational noise exposure and the risk of developing hypertension in young adults.
A total of 118,143 participants, aged between 18 and 40 years old were recruited through the Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in Metabolic Health Throughout Lifecourse Trajectories (ELEFANT) project, a population study based in Tianjin, China. Participants' systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured.
Amongst the participants, 3,016 were exposed to high levels of occupational noise. The relationship between noise exposure and blood pressure as continuous variables was investigated using multivariate regression analysis.
The results indicated that participants with high occupational noise exposure were positively associated with higher blood pressure levels. Additionally, men and individuals with higher BMI who were exposed to high levels of occupational noise were found to have higher risk for hypertension.
Majority of Singaporeans between the ages of 25 to 64 are employed. Hence, the workplace plays a key role in influencing healthy behaviours and improving health outcomes amongst Singaporeans. This report explored the trends and key issues in workplace health and provided evidence-based recommendations and a framework for interventions.
more people working outside traditional employment.
These trends, together with risk factors such as an increasing obesity amongst workers and high number of smokers, highlighted the increasing importance of an integrated approach to workplace health management. The recommended framework presented eight categories of workplace health interventions that employers could implement such as nutrition, workplace infrastructure and health screening.
Mental ill-health significantly impacts both employers and employees. In Australia, there has been a rise of mental ill-health in the workplace. However, there is an enduring stigma associated with it. According to this study, majority of full-time working Australians were uncomfortable about discussing or disclosing a mental health condition to a manager and would rather take a sick day and attribute it to a fictitious illness. 90% employees were fearful of talking about mental illness due to stigma; 78% were afraid of losing their job; and 84% were concerned that mental health issues would not be taken as seriously as physical illnesses. This report recommended that employers adopt a holistic approach to address mental ill-health in the modern workplace.
developing partnerships and alliances between government, insurers, mental health professionals and other entities to improve communication, engagement and mental health recovery.
OWLinks is brought to you by Workplace Safety and Health Institute, Singapore. OWLinks enables leaders and professionals to keep abreast of the latest WSH development and trends from around the world.
Visit the WSH Institute website for updates on WSH-related matters, information and events.
Vision: A Healthy Workforce in a Safe Workplace.
Mission: Provide evidence-based, insightful and practical solutions.
The information provided here is based on information available at the time when this issue of OWLinks was compiled. The information provided here is not to be construed as implying any liability to any party nor should it be taken to encapsulate all the responsibilities and obligations of the reader of OWLinks under the law. Please note that Workplace Safety and Health Institute will be unable to provide full-text of articles listed in this OWLinks if it contravenes the copyright regulation.
The Observatory for WSH Landscape (OWL) is a function of the WSH Institute. OWL serves to observe, analyse and communicate developments affecting WSH, and promote collaboration among researchers, policy makers and industries to advance WSH policies and practices.


If you have any questions, don't hesitate to give us a call. We look forward to working with you on your home improvement needs. You can also Request a Free Estimate with us on your roofing, siding, window or gutter projects for your Connecticut home.


The visiting Beavers were without their regular goalie and the Islanders made them pay.
Twelve different skaters had multi-point nights as the Portage Islanders cruised past the Carman Beavers 15-6 Thursday night at Stride Place in Portage la Prairie.
Carman's regular netminder Steve Christie has missed the past two games and his replacement has struggled in relief. Steven Snider has been tasked with backstopping the Beavers and has allowed 28 goals over two games.
Derrick Brooks led all scorers with four goals and four assists for an eight-point night while Robby Moar wasn't far behind with a seven-point effort (2-5–7).
Matt Bayduza, Jon Gaudet, Riley Hay and Zack and Tanner Waldvogel also found the back of the net during the victory.
Carman's Jake Dudar had an equally impressive night offensively with a five-goal performance.
Riley Sviestrup made 28 saves in the win while Carman's Snider turned aside 52 Islander shots in the losing effort.
Portage improves to 7-0-0-1 with the victory, two points ahead of Morden for first place in the South Eastern Manitoba Hockey League.
The Isles are back on the ice Dec. 12 on the road in Notre Dame.


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text:
Lo sciopero del carbone del 1902, noto anche come lo sciopero dell'antracite, fu uno sciopero indetto dalla United Mine Workers of America nei campi di estrazione di antracite della Pennsylvania orientale. I minatori in sciopero chiedevano salari più alti, un minore orario di lavoro ed il riconoscimento della loro sindacato.

Lo sciopero minacciò di interrompere la fornitura invernale di combustibile a tutte le maggiori città (case ed appartamenti erano infatti riscaldati con antracite, che aveva un potere calorifico superiore al classico carbone bituminoso). Il presidente Theodore Roosevelt creò una commissione d'inchiesta che ottenne la sospensione dello sciopero. Le proteste non ricominciarono, in quanto i minatori ricevettero una maggior retribuzione ed un orario di lavoro minore, di contro i proprietari delle miniere ottennero un prezzo di vendita più alto per il carbone e non riconobbero il sindacato come rappresentante degli operai. Questo fu il primo episodio riguardante il lavoro in cui il governo federale intervenne come parte neutrale.

Antefatti
Nel 1897 la United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) aveva riportato una vittoria schiacciante con lo sciopero attuato nei campi estrattivi di carbone bituminoso del Midwest, ottenendo aumenti salariali significativi ed un aumento dei propri membri da 10.000 a 115.000. Un certo numero di piccoli scioperi scoppiarono nella zona di estrazione dell'antracite tra il 1899 a il 1901, con il quale il sindacato acquisì esperienza, oltre ad un maggior numero di membri. Lo sciopero del 1899 a Nanticoke, Pennsylvania, dimostrò come i sindacati potevano vincere contro la filiale di una grande compagnia ferroviaria.
Il sindacato sperava di ottenere risultati simili anche nel 1900, ma i proprietari delle miniere si rivelarono avversari molto più determinati del previsto, nel frattempo avevano infatti stabilito un oligopolio attraverso la concentrazione della proprietà, questo a seguito delle drastiche fluttuazioni del prezzo di mercato dell'antracite. I proprietari si rifiutarono di incontrare o di discutere col sindacato, che rispose indicendo uno sciopero il 17 settembre 1900. I risultati sorpresero lo stesso sindacato, con minatori di ogni nazionalità che si schierarono a sostegno del sindacato.

Il senatore repubblicano Mark Hanna, egli stesso proprietario di miniere di carbone bituminoso (non interessate dallo sciopero), cercò di trovare una soluzione allo sciopera, che terminò a meno due mesi dall'inizio delle elezioni presidenziali. Operò attraverso la National Civic Federation, organizzazione che riuniva i datori di lavoro e gli stessi lavoratori, nonché esponenti dei consumatori, che si occupava di risolvere le controversie nate nel mondo del lavoro. Hanna si rivolse a J. P. Morgan per trasmettere il suo messaggio per l'industria, ovvero che uno sciopero avrebbe influito negativamente sulla rielezione del repubblicano William McKinley. Hanna riuscì così a convincere i proprietari a concedere un aumento salariale. Continuarono, invece, a non riconoscere formalmente la UMWA come rappresentante degli operai. Il sindacato dichiarò vittoria e lasciò cadere la richiesta di riconoscimento.

Lo sciopero del 1902
Le questioni che portarono allo sciopero del 1900 erano altrettanto pressanti nel 1902: il sindacato voleva il proprio riconoscimento nonché un certo grado di controllo sul settore. L'industria, ancora scottato dalle concessioni del 1900, si oppose alle richieste. Circa 150.000 minatori reclamavano la busta paga settimanale. Decine di milioni di abitanti delle città dipendevano dalla fornitura di antracite per riscaldare le loro case.
John Mitchell, presidente della UMWA, propose prima di rivolgersi nuovamente alla National Civic Federation, poi ad un collettivo formato da datori di lavoro moderatamente progressisti. Infine Mitchell propose anche una commissione di eminenti ecclesiastici che avrebbe riferito sulle condizioni nei campi di estrazione. George Baer, presidente della Philadelphia & Reading Railroad, uno dei principali datori di lavoro del settore, mise da parte le proposte in modo sprezzante:

Il 12 maggio 1902 i minatori entrarono in sciopero. I dipendenti della manutenzione, che avevano un lavoro molto più stabile e non affrontavano i pericoli del lavoro sotterraneo, si ritirarono dallo sciopero il 2 giugno. Il sindacato ottenne il supporto di circa l'80% dei lavoratori del settore, con oltre 100.000 lavoratori che aderirono allo sciopero. Circa 30.000 lasciarono la regione, molti dei quali si diressero alle miniere di carbone bituminoso del Midwest, mentre circa 10.000 tornarono in Europa. Ben presto lo sciopero generò tensioni, che minacciavano di sfociare in atti di violenza, tra gli scioperanti ed i crumiri, che erano supportati dalla National Guard della Pennsylvania, dalla polizia locale e da agenzie investigative private.

L'intervento del governo federale
L'8 giugno il presidente Theodore Roosevelt chiese al suo Commissario al Lavoro, Carroll Wright, di svolgere indagini sullo sciopero. Wright indagò e propose riforme riconoscevano le posizioni di ambo le parti, raccomandando in via sperimentale una giornata di lavoro di nove ore e un limite alla contrattazione collettiva. Roosevelt decise di non rendere pubblico il rapporto, per paura di apparire schierato col sindacato.
I proprietari, dal canto loro, rifiutavano di negoziare col sindacato. Come scrisse George Baer quando esortava a fare concessioni agli scioperanti ed al loro sindacato, i diritti e gli interessi dei lavoratori saranno protetti e curati, non dagli agitatori, ma dagli uomini cristiani a cui Dio, nella sua infinita saggezza ha dato il controllo degli interessi patrimoniali del Paese. Il sindacato ha usato questa lettera per influenzare l'opinione pubblica sullo sciopero.

Roosevelt avrebbe voluto intervenire, ma gli fu detto dal suo attorney general, Philander Knox, che egli non aveva alcuna autorità per farlo. Hanna e molti altri membri del partito repubblicano erano altresì preoccupati per le implicazioni politiche nel caso in cui lo sciopero si sarebbe protratto fino all'inverno, quando il fabbisogno di antracite era maggiore. Roosevelt disse infatti ad Hanna che una carestia di carbone in inverno era una cosa negativa, e che si sarebbero viste terribili sofferenze e gravi catastrofi
Roosevelt convocò quindi una conferenza di rappresentanti del governo, del lavoratori, e dei datori di lavoro il 3 ottobre 1902. Il sindacato interpretò la convocazione all'incontro come un riconoscimento dei sindacati e assunse quindi una posizione più conciliante. I datori di lavoro riferirono a Roosevelt che gli scioperanti avevano ucciso oltre 20 uomini e che avrebbe dovuto usare i poteri del governo per proteggere gli uomini che volevano lavorare, nonché le loro mogli ed i loro figli quando essi erano al lavoro. Secondo loro, infatti, con una protezione adeguata si sarebbe potuto produrre sufficiente carbone per porre fine alla carenza di combustibile. Si rifiutarono inoltre di intavolare qualsiasi negoziato con il sindacato.

Il governatore, William Stone, inviò la National Guard a proteggere le miniere e la minoranza di uomini ancora al lavoro. Roosevelt tentò di convincere il sindacato a porre fine allo sciopero, con la promessa che avrebbe creato una commissione col compito di studiare le cause dello sciopero e di proporre una soluzione, soluzione che Roosevelt promise avrebbe sostenuto con tutta l'autorità del suo ufficio. Mitchell rigettò la proposta, con una decisione che fu approvata quasi all'unanimità dai membri del sindacato.

L'economia del carbone ruotava attorno a due fattori: il costo di produzione era dato in larga parte dal salario dei minatori, e se l'offerta calava il prezzo saliva molto, in quanto in un'epoca ancora senza petrolio ne elettricità non esistevano buoni sostituti al carbone. I profitti del 1902 erano bassi a causa di un eccesso dell'offerta dovuto ad un surplus produttivo, quindi inizialmente i proprietari delle miniere accolsero favorevolmente uno sciopero a medio termine. Avevano infatti enormi scorte di carbone, che iniziarono a crescere di valore giorno dopo giorno. Un accordo tra i proprietari di miniere per fermare la produzione sarebbe stato illegale, a meno che i minatori non fossero scesi in sciopero. I datori di lavoro, quindi, accolsero lo sciopero, ma rifiutarono categoricamente di riconoscere la UMWA, perché temevano che il sindacato avrebbe poi controllato l'industria del carbone manipolando gli scioperi.
Roosevelt continuò a cercare supporto per una soluzione che accontentasse ambo le parti, convincendo l'ex presidente Grover Cleveland a partecipare alla commissione in via di costituzione. Considerò anche l'eventualità di inviare l'esercito per assumere il controllo dei bacini carboniferi.

L'intervento di J. P. Morgan

J. P. Morgan, figura dominante nella finanza statunitense del periodo, aveva svolto un ruolo determinante nella risoluzione dello sciopero del 1900. Egli era profondamente coinvolto nello sciopero, in quanto i suoi interessi comprendevano la Reading Railroad, uno dei maggiori datori di lavoro dei minatori, ed inoltre avevano assunto George Baer, portavoce degli industriali durante tutto lo sciopero, come capo della compagnia ferroviaria in questione.

Nel 1902, sotto la spinta del Segretario alla Guerra Elihu Root, Morgan si fece avanti con un'altra proposta di compromesso, che prevedeva l'arbitrato e dava all'industria il diritto di rifiutare la contrattazione col sindacato, disponendo invece che datori di lavoro e dipendenti comunicassero direttamente con la commissione. I datori di lavoro diedero il loro assenso, a condizione che i cinque membri della commissione avrebbero dovuto essere un ingegnere militare, un ingegnere minerario, un giudice, un esperto nel settore del carbone e un "eminente sociologo". I datori di lavoro si dissero disponibili ad accettare un leader sindacale come "eminente sociologo", così Roosevelt chiamò E. E. Clark, capo del sindacato dei macchinisti, come "eminente sociologo". A seguito delle pressioni dei cattolici fu aggiunto come sesto membro il vescovo cattolico John Lancaster Spalding. Settimo ed ultimo membro fu il Commissario al Lavoro, Carroll Wright.

La commissione per lo sciopero
Lo sciopero si concluse, dopo 163 giorni, il 23 ottobre 1902. La commissione iniziò a lavorare il giorno dopo, effettuando una visita di una settimana nelle zone di estrazione. Wright utilizzò il personale del Dipartimento del Lavoro per raccogliere dati circa il costo della vita nei bacini di estrazione.
Per tre mesi i commissari raccolsero le testimonianze di dei lavoratori, per un totale di 558 testimoni, di questi 240 tra i minatori in sciopero, 153 tra i minatori non iscritti al sindacato, 154 tra i datori di lavoro ed altri 11 chiamati dalla commissione stessa. Le argomentazioni conclusive dei datori di lavoro furono redatte da Baer, mentre quelle dei lavoratori dall'avvocato Clarence Darrow. Anche se i commissari ascoltarono alcune testimonianze di condizioni di lavoro terribili, conclusero che "il commovente spettacolo dell'orrore" rappresentava solo un piccolo numero di casi. In generale, le condizioni all'interno della comunità mineraria furono giudicate buone, e fu solo parzialmente giustificatala la pretesa dei minatori secondo cui il loro guadagno annuale non erano sufficiente per mantenere lo standard di vita americano.

Baer scrisse nelle argomentazioni conclusive che "Questi uomini non soffrono. Perché, diavolo, la metà di loro non parla nemmeno inglese".
Darrow, da parte sua, riassunse le testimonianze sui maltrattamenti che aveva ascoltato nella retorica per cui era famoso: "Stiamo lavorando per la democrazia, per l'umanità, per il futuro, per il giorno che arriverà troppo tardi per noi, per vederlo, conoscerlo o riceverne i benefici, ma che verrà, e allora verranno ricordate le nostre lotte, i nostri trionfi, le nostre sconfitte e le nostre parole". Alla fine, però, la retorica di entrambe le parti influenzò poco la Commissione, che cercò di mediare entrambe le posizioni. Le richieste dei minatori comprendevano un aumento di salario del 20% e la riduzione dell'orario di lavoro da 10 ad 8 ore al giorno, alla fine la maggior parte dei lavoratori ottenne un aumento di salario del 10% ed una riduzione dell'orario a 9 ore. Mentre i datori di lavoro continuarono a rifiutarsi di riconoscere la United Mine Workers, erano tenuti ad accettare un collegio arbitrale di sei membri, composto da un numero uguale di rappresentanti dei lavoratori e dei gestori di lavoro, col potere di dirimere le controversie di lavoro. Mitchell ritenne questo come un riconoscimento de facto e proclamò la vittoria del sindacato

Conseguenze
L'accordo raggiunto celebrato come una vittoria sia per la UMWA che in generale per l'American Federation of Labor. I lavoratori iscritti a sindacati salirono, con i moderati che sostenevano che questo avrebbe portato a benefici concreti per i lavoratori molto prima del socialismo radicale, che pianificava un futuro rovesciamento del capitalismo. Il giovane John Mitchell dimostrò le sue capacità di leadership e padronanza dei problemi relativi ad etnia, abilità, e divisioni regionali, che a lungo avevano minato l'unione nella regione dell'antracite. Per contro, gli scioperi indetti dalla più radicale Western Federation of Miners spesso si trasformarono in una guerra su vasta scala tra gli scioperanti e i datori di lavoro, supportati dalle autorità civili e militari.

Lo sciopero del 1902 fu mediato con successo attraverso l'intervento del governo federale, che si sforzò di fornire un cosiddetto Square Deal, che Roosevelt prese in seguito come motto per la sua amministrazione, su entrambi i lati. L'accordo fu un passo importante nell'era progressista per le riforme che furono varate nel decennio che seguì. Non ci furono più grandi scioperi nel settore carbonifero fino agli anni venti.

Note

Bibliografia

Libri

Pubblicazioni

Voci correlate
 Politica del grosso bastone

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Scioperi
Storia degli Stati Uniti d'America (1865-1918)
Politica degli Stati Uniti d'America
Industria estrattiva

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
dir Danny Boyle
scr Richard Curtis
prd Eric Fellner, Tim Bevan, Danny Boyle, Richard Curtis, Bernard Bellew, Matthew James Wilkinson
with Himesh Patel, Lily James, Kate McKinnon, Joel Fry, Ed Sheeran, Meera Syal, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Alexander Arnold, Sophia Di Martino, Harry Michell, Ellise Chappell, Sarah Lancashire
release UK/US 28.Jun.19
19/UK 1h56
The offbeat premise for this film may seem somewhat worrying, but it's essentially just a ruse to allow Danny Boyle and Richard Curtis to make a romantic comedy that celebrates the music of the Beatles. Indeed, the classic songs are the main thing here, and they're surrounded by a smart, funny script that features likeable performances. So even if it all feels vaguely corny, it's thoroughly engaging.
In Sussex, singer-songwriter Jack (Patel) is struggling with anonymity despite the efforts of his best friend and manager Ellie (James). Then one night he's hit by a bus just as a blackout sweeps around the globe. When he wakes up, he's the only person who has any memory that the Beatles (among other things) existed, so when he absent-mindedly sings Yesterday to his friends (Fry, Di Martino and Michell), they're stunned that he's written something so beautiful. An online clip then catches the eye of Ed Sheeran (as himself) and hotshot manager Debra (McKinnon).
The surreal story lends itself to witty explorations of the struggle for fame, the nature of creativity and raw power of music. By contrast, the rom-com plot feels simplistic, but it is glued together with the sheer genius of those classic Lennon-McCartney tracks. The filmmakers don't have to work too hard to show why these songs are so timeless, and they're beautifully performed by Patel, as Jack struggles to remember these "lost" masterpieces.
Patel is a terrific everyman, mixing his general confusion with relief that, after years of struggling, people are finally noticing him. He also nicely layers in Jack's guilt over the origins of the songs. Patel and James develop chemistry that's both close and awkward, a couple who perhaps has let their moment pass. Fry is enjoyable as the chucklehead pal, while Syal and Bhaskar add goofy charm as Jack's clueless parents. And of course McKinnon steals her scenes with edgy, madcap hilarity.
The most intriguing character is Sheeran, playing himself in a story that loosely parallels his own journey to worldwide success. He adds an off-handed authenticity to what could have been a much sillier movie. And Boyle's direction further grounds things with a hint of grittiness that nicely contrasts with some vaguely cartoonish characters and situations. That the film never grapples with the implications of fame is a bit odd. But then, this is really about the Beatles, and how the world simply wouldn't be the same without their influence.
themes, language 10.Jun.19


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