When people first look into how to invest $1,000 they quickly learn the options are not as straightforward as many of us think they should be.
When you first start looking around you are going to find minimum deposits that go from $2,500 to WAY more than what you are ready put in right now. The realization that you have to have money to get into so many of these investments is one of the many reasons people give for not getting started with their investments.
The good news is there are lots ways to invest 1000 dollars and still really improve your financial situation.
My goal with any investment is to make sure I am diversified and that my financial situation is continually improving. Since everyone of us is in a different situation financially, do not look at this as a ranking of favorite to least favorite ways to invest your money. Think of this as a group of options where you can find the best fit for your needs.
With computers getting smarter and smarter there are now brokerages that allow you to invest, choose your risk tolerance with a short survey, and the robo-advisor takes it from there.
Of the few choices in this category Betterment is my favorite. Betterment takes your investment and invests in low fee, low tax ETFs. These "exchange traded funds" are purchased just like stocks but they are investing in a larger mutual fund. So you get the advantage of investing in hundreds of stocks at one time, but only purchase little tiny pieces of them. Basically, this is instant diversification.
You can actually start an account with no minimum deposit, but to keep the fees low you want to make sure you are able to invest $100 a month. Once your account has a total investment of $10,000 you no longer need the monthly deposit and the fees will stay at 0.25% annually.
You could go out and watch a ton of CNBC, buy a bunch of investing books, learn all you can, and then go invest. OR, you could hop over to M1 Finance and purchase groups of stocks that are already picked by experts in a specific industry of the stock market.
Think of it like an expert in one specific industry picking the best companies to invest in. Each "Pie" has a group of stocks that you invest in simultaneously. What makes this really great is that you can invest in all the stocks with no fees.
If you tried to invest in each stock individually with other brokerages it would cost you at least $150. That is some serious savings and you get to diversify.
You can invest in a Pie with as little as $100 and $500 if you are doing a retirement account. Once you are in there are no additional fees even when you make another trade (cashing out your Pie). You can see a full history of each Pie and its performance over time so you have some idea about how good of a group of stocks you are getting involved with.
Peer to peer lending has become a big winner for many people. The industry has gone through some growing pains lately with the FEC getting involved, but myself and others online have continued to see great returns from our investments.
Lending Club is the leader of the industry and as of this writing has issued more than $20 Billion in loans. This gives us tons of data on how to invest with Lending Club and they are happy to share that information with you as you get your account started.
The sign up process is really easy and you can invest in a single loan with as little as $25. If I were starting off and not sure about the whole process, I would start with an investment of $250.
This allows you to invest in 10 different loans and diversify your investment. People who are investing in a lot of loans (100 or more) are seeing returns in the range of 8%-9% even after losing a couple of loans to default.
LendingClub and other P2P lending platforms have really made it easy to invest and limit your risk in this type of investing.
It has become incredibly easy to start up an online account with a discount brokerage. You can literally sign up, get your deposit into the account and start trading. If you already have some knowledge of the stock market you can get out there and start buying individual stocks.
My favorite brokerages for individual stock investing are Ally Invest and TD Ameritrade if you are looking to do a lot of research and M1 Finance if you are looking to buy small amounts of a bunch of stocks. Each of these brokerages have great online tools and your trades are only $4.95. This keeps your fees low and allows you to maximize your $1000 investment.
As I mentioned above, exchange traded funds (ETFs) are traded on the market just like stocks, but invest in large mutual and index funds. This gives you instant diversification into hundreds of stocks. You can go out and check how that fund has been doing over 1 year, 5 years, 10 years and more.
If you are just getting started in ETFs and want to keep your fees low then TD Ameritrade is going to be the best brokerage for you. They allow you to invest in more than 100 different ETFs with no fees. That's right, you choose any of their specified fee free ETFs and you get to put as much as you want in there with no fees. It is a great way to get your feet wet trading ETFs.
If you are not contributing to an employer retirement account and they have a company match then you should always start your investing there. The reason is, when you put money in your employer will also put in a matching amount of funds. Not only is that instant profit, your employer considers this to be part of your compensation when they hire you.
If you do not have this option then there are tons of great places to open a Roth IRA. With a Roth IRA you invest your money after you have paid taxes on it. The money then grows tax free and when you take that money out at retirement, you do not have to pay any additional taxes on it. So whatever taxes you are paying right now on your income are all you will ever pay on that money no matter how much it grows in the future.
If you are a small business owner, you can do a SEP IRA and put yourself in position to start putting big amounts of money into your retirement once the business starts producing larger profits in the future. SEP IRAs are put in pre-tax so you get to deduct them from your taxes now and then pay taxes on them when you withdraw them. Just like the Roth, there are a lot of places to open a SEP IRA and it is a matter of personal preference on which one is best for your specific needs.
If you are going to need the money from your $1000 investment in a short period of time (less than 5 years) then you are going to want to put it in something safe. This means you will want to look at one of the two types of accounts that are insured by the FDIC.
You could put your money in your local bricks an mortar bank and it will be safe, but it will get less than .05% interest. The good news is that there are many options for high yield savings accounts online that can get as much as 1% interest.
I know that the rates in this low interest environment do not sound super exciting , but we are talking about money that is secured by the banks insurance policy.
A certificate of deposit (CD for short) works just like a savings account but you lock your money in for a specified period of time. This can be as little as 6 months or as much as 10 years. The longer you lock that money in, the higher the interest rate.
Just like their savings account cousins, CDs are at all time lows due to the low interest environment created by the Federal Reserve. Once again, the good news is that there are high yield online CD accounts that will get you a better interest rate than what you get from your local bank.
If you are carrying high interest debt then the absolute best thing you can do is pay off that debt ASAP. This include consumer debt, and any non-house debt you may have. By clearing the debt out of your life you can focus on getting your finances place so that you can consistently invest $500 or more per month. That is where you can build some real wealth.
If there are skills you need to make yourself more marketable and can increase your income every month, then that is an amazing place to invest your 1000 dollars. Whether that is online courses, college course, or trade school, all of these are great ways for you to expand your marketability.
Maybe you are looking for a new career and can start your training with a small investment. I know right now you can get your welder certificate from the tech schools in my state for less than $8000. There is currently a shortage of 240,000 welder in the United States. This means in 30 weeks you could have a job paying more than $50,000 a year with only a high school education and that 30 week training course. If you don't have a better plan you can work your way into as much as $100,000 per year as a welder with overtime.
So in any investment that I am going to undertake I always look to minimize risk by diversifying the investments. For this example I am going to assume we are ONLY investing the $1000 we have. If you are willing to invest $100 per month in addition to your initial $1000 then I would also add in Betterment, avoiding the higher fees by putting $100 per month in the account.
Lending Club – $250 – LendingClub has become a great way to hedge against shifts in the stock market. With the loans available and high payoff rates I consider this a moderate risk investment.
TD Ameritrade – $250 – I specifically put TD Ameritrade here because you can invest in more than 100 ETFs with no fees. With $250 you can diversify into several ETFs and put 25% of your investment into hundreds of different stocks.
BBVA CD – $150 – This is the boring and safe investment on the board. By putting money into a CD you get a small but guaranteed return without putting the money in any risk.
Capital One 360 High Interest Savings – $100 – Now you are probably thinking, "Paul, why not just invest this $100 in your CD and grab a little extra interest?" and that is a great question. The reason is liquidity. While I forfeit a little bit of interest by going with the savings account, I gain the ability to pull that money out at any time and apply it to another investment or use it for some other purpose.
You can come up with your own mix based off of your own risk tolerance, but I really like the make up of this combination of accounts. I would use something like this combo if I were investing $5000, and would consider this mix all the way up to a $10,000 investment.
With any type of investing for the long term, the most important thing is that you get started right now. Whether you are 15 or 50, letting the power of compound interest work for you is the most important financial decision you can make.


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Browse > Home / Monthly Report / Movement Restriction and Abuses behind the Pro-government Rallies in Mon State
Movement Restriction and Abuses behind the Pro-government Rallies in Mon State
I. Crackdown on the Peaceful Protests
In Burma, in the second half of September an uprising demanding the reduction of commodity prices, as the government had dramatically increased the price of fuel. The demonstrations spread throughout the whole of Burma. Many people from all levels of society within the former capital Rangoon, the second capital city, Mandalay and many other big cities like Pegu and Moulmein (the capital of Mon State) in Burma participated in peaceful protests demanding a reduction in commodity prices. The protests were led by students and then by the Buddhist monks.
The SPDC responded violently to these peaceful demonstrations with armed forces, and made no attempt to solve the problems of commodity prices or work with the civilians. Due to their strength, combined with the strength of the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA), there were between 200 and 300 protestors killed estimated by oppositions and diplomats in Rangoon. According to the Assistance for All Political Prisoners in Burma (AAPPB) secretary, Ko Tate Naing, there have been approximately 3000-4000 people arrested to date. But nobody exactly knows how many demonstrators including were killed during protests and how many of them are detained. AAPPB can estimate the closest approximate number.
At the end of September a peaceful saffron revolution led by Buddhist Monks built great momentum in Moulmein, capital city of Mon State. Even though the SPDC did not observably restrict and threaten people in Moulmein, they instructed the local military officers, police force, SPDC authorities, USDA and Pyi-thuu-swan-ar-shin Association (People Power Association) to restrict the movement of people and the flow of information and to closely monitor the activities of the local people.
Since the early of protests, HURFOM human rights workers based in Mon State has closely monitored how the SPDC authorities and their hand-picked organizations have actively involved in various oppressive measures against the people. Herein, we are going to report on the actions of the military regime in lower Burma during the peaceful revolutions.
II. Abuses occurring behind the rallies in each Township
Rallies to support the SPDC's National Convention held in many different cities across Burma were directly manipulated by the SPDC, and led by the relevant State and Division authorities and their followers. The purpose is to against the recent protests in which the people and Buddhist monks had expressed their real desires. Thousands of the people clearly sent the massage that they need economic development and political reform.
"These rallies were held to cover the retaliatory actions of the government following the peaceful demonstrations in September. They were pursuing violent crackdowns, so held rallies to appease the United Nations envoy, Mr. Gambari, who was here to assist Burma," said an anonymous political expert.
However, there were many different sorts of human rights abuses occurring behind the rallies. Human rights reporters have been able to collect news about the abuses during rallies on the 6th October in Mon state. Moulmein, Capital of Mon State: According to one source close to the General Administrative Department (GAD) in Mon State, they originally planned to hold these rallies in support National Convention, the first point in SPDC's 7-poiints road map, in early of the month, however heavy rain delayed them until the 6th October.
The details of story are:
"The chairman of the Mon State Peace and Development Council was instructed to organize the rally as quickly as possible, and then supervise it. The District Peace and Development Council (DPDC), Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC), and Village Peace and Development Council (VPDC) were ordered to hold the so-called People's Rally in line with the instructions from the GAD. The relevant authorities directly instructed USDA's organizers, members of the fire station and Women's Affairs Groups to organize participants in cities, townships and villages. There are approximately 100,000 participants who joined the People's Rally," stated a member of the GAD who asked to stay anonymous for security reasons.
A former teacher in a government school, U Aye Naing, said that every Quarter Head in Moulmein was ordered to collect a list of potential participants in their quarter. They were then required to call a meeting of those people and order them to join the rally. He added, "They gave us instructions in the form of threats. For example, at least one person from each house had to attend the rally or at least three people from each house if there is a student in their family; each person would be fined 20,000 kyat if they failed to attend and they would be added to the black list. Therefore, we were not in a position with choice, we had to rally or flee."
An education staff, Ma Thet Thet (not their real name), said that U Min Ye Htun, executive officer of the GAD, had glued the statement in the Quarter Peace and Development Office in Myine-Tar-Yar where she lived. USDA's organizer in Pack-Khin quarter, U Aye Myint, also held a meeting to organize the participants.
"One person from each house had to attend without fail and ideally more than one would attend. If anyone cannot attend they were required to pay the 20,000 Kyat fine before the rally or accept they will be blacklisted. I think they were pushing us and threatening us until we had no choice but to attend the rally," said Ko Naing who lived in Pack-Khin quarter.
A HURFOM reporter said that in every quarter the authorities and their followers, including USDA members and the People's Forces, were preparing for the 'People's Rally' in Moulmein. The GAD had been providing flags to use in the rally since late September. In October, they were producing cardboards placards to be held by the participants in the rally. "USDA members wrote propaganda slogans on cardboard sign boards," said a source close to the GAD.
"They were writing about opposing the National League of Democracy (NLD), opposing any international broadcasting and supporting the policies which are the result of National Convention. I think they were from the USDA because they were not staff from our office," said a GAD staff.
The riot police, military members and uniformed police have been closely monitoring the highway bus station, Bo-Kone quarter where the government offices are situated and other locations like monasteries, shopping strips, railway stations.
Mudon Township: At least 300-500 Villagers from every village in Mudon Township were forced to attend the National Convention Rally which was led by People Power Association and the members of Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA). The order was secretly given by administrative officers of the Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC).
"Government staff, teachers and students were given a compulsory order to attend the rally. If students from tenth standard do not attend the rally, the application form to apply for taking their final exams will be not available for them," said one student's parent.
A villager from Sein-taung village, in Kamawet village tract said, "We did not want to join their rally at all because we know they killed a lot of innocent people and were forcing us to 'support' them. However, we had to join otherwise they would impose a fine on us."
"Nai Tun Tun, Secretary of the Village Peace and Development Council (VPDC) and USDA's chairman ordered us to attend the rally. He told us that anyone who did not attend would be added to the 'black-list' and punished later," said Mxx Ox, a Htaung-Kay villager. He added, "One villager called Aung Naing is a USDA organizer, who took on the responsibility of organizing people. He collected 2500 Kyat from each person who failed to attend the rally and hired other people to replace them. However, just 50 people actually attended the rally. As for me, I just gave them the 2500 Kyat to avoid having to join their rally."
A USDA organizer from Gon-Nyin-Than called U Aye Maung (40 years old), ordered that one to two members from each house had to attend the rally. Most villagers in this area work in rubber plantations for their livelihood. They had to leave their daily work in order to attend the rally because they were afraid of punishment, and could not afford the fine the authorities imposed for not attending. Therefore they had to join the rally, holding the sign-boards they were given and listening to what was said. But the villagers had to make all of their own travel arrangement.
Ye Township: Similarly, in Ye Township, the southern part of Mon State, the Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC) has been taking money from the villagers who refuse to go the rally denouncing the monk-led protests in Ye Township Mon State on October 24, 2007.
The detail of story is:
According to Nai Min Tun (not his real name), 45, who lives at Aung Myitta quarter, the SPDC's township administration groups are taking money from Ye township residents who were absent from the rally which was held on October 24.
The orders from villages and quarters level administration groups mentioned that all households in each quarters from Ye Township have to attend the rally, according to reporter. "Officials in the quarters in Aung Myitta, Ye said they are taking four bags of cement from each house hold that refuses to go to the rally," an unnamed source in Ye township, Mon State said.
The Ye Township authorities also ordered each village to send their participants at least 100 villagers per village. Most villagers are not willing to join the government's rally. Some villagers who did not want to participate also required to pay 3,000 to 4,000 Kyat per households in Kyaung-ywa village, reported by a villager. In Andin village, the villagers paid 3,000 Kyat per household while some village paid 1,500 Kyat. Fines are different from one village to another, it was depending on the decisions of village heads.
The rally to denounce the monk-led protests was held in the precincts of a pagoda at the center of Ye Town. The authorities told rally participants to leave their homes around 5:30 a.m. "The pagoda ground is used for festivals such as rice donation to give alms to the monks by residents," the source said. However the authorities banned the donation festival and held the rally at the ground.
The authorities took signatures and the names of the people before they went to the rally. The people who refused to attend the rally paid fine to the authorities.
Thanbyuzayat Township: The authorities in Thanbyuzayat Township assembled villagers in the township by force and held a rally to denounce the monk-led protests and support their National Convention and 7-points roadmap. The authorities told villagers that if they are absent they would have to pay a fine.
"They held the rally in a play ground in Thanpyuzayat town," a resident said. Poor villagers attended the rally because they could not afford to pay the fine. "Yesterday villagers did not shout the slogan that authorities told them to. Only pro-junta people shouted slogans. Others just walked in the rally," said a resident.
A majority of the people said they would rather pay the fines than joining in the rally because they do not support the regime's brutal crackdown on monks. Some villagers said they would not go to denounce the Buddhist monks even if the authorities' fine them 1000 Kyat per household.
III. Movement Restriction in Mon State
Since the beginning of protests in 3rd week of September, Mon State PDC authorities deployed more police force, soldiers in many check-points in the entrance of towns and cities in Mon State. They also allocated duties to members of USDA and members of 'People Power Association' to closely active Buddhist monks and students from Moulmein University. Therefore, HURFOM human rights reporters have noticed the following restriction against the normal civilians as below:
On the 22nd September 2007, travelers were rigorously checked by SPDC military forces, riot police, regular police and militia at the Ya-khaing-gone check-point, right outside Moulmein. According to one HURFOM reporter, a female resident from Mudon Township reported that soldiers were checking everyone's purses, wallets and bags at the gate.
"They checked my paper bag and asked me to show my Identity Card. They also asked me to unfold the calendar which I bought from the town. I think they suspected that it was a letter motivating people to demonstrate. They also warned us to stay quiet, mind our own business and stay away from political activities. Otherwise, we would be put into jail. They did not give my calendar back after checking it and I did not ask them for it because I was afraid of problems occurring," she added.
In September, the momentum of demonstrations was high in the whole of Burma. At that time, people who moved around from one place to another were exhaustively checked by soldiers at the gate. Nobody was allowed to continue his or her journey if they were unable to show them his or her identity card.
"We have to inform the Village Peace and Development Council (VPDC) who will go where and why they need to travel," said a Ka-Mar-Wat villager, Ma Hla Myo, 32 years old.
He added, "A Ka-Mar-Wat village head and the leaders of USDA declared that every villager must inform them of any travel plans. We have to tell them all the facts including where we will go and how long the journey will take. Now the villagers dare not go anywhere unless it is absolutely necessary. They now travel only when they have to send a patient to the hospital in town."
There were riot police, militia and the regular police force in railway stations, bus stations, harbours and ferry sites in Moulmein. The followers of USDA and their people's forces have been holding emergency meetings once a week in their offices in villages, in line with orders from the district level. According to one person who has a close relationship with members of USDA, the leader of the Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC) had collected some members and followers of USDA and called for weekly meetings in order to put them on alert. In the weekly meetings, those attending were taught how to break up and disperse groups of people, with methods including the use of bamboo sticks, physically beating and fighting people. Training was conducted by militia leaders.
"Now they are forming militia forces in villages. These orders came directly from the township level. The trainers from the military instruct the militia forces in fighting, shooting and breaking down the masses. Within the militia forces, they choose people who are Mon who have authority and power among the local people. They appoint these people after confirmation of their background," said Nai Ba Myint, 40 years old, who lives in Paing-kamar village, Mudon Township.
If the strikes continue in Mon State, these appointed militia forces and the USDA and their supporters have responsibilities to stop all types of protest activities. HURFOM field reporters who arrived in Mudon Township state that the local people are being closely monitored with all information reported to the upper levels.
"They especially monitor the monasteries in Moulmein city. The followers of USDA and the riot police go around on motorbikes in the monasteries where many monks stay, including Sein-mama, Thin-baw-lae, and the Thadana 2500 Monastery. They monitor each quarter this way. During the Buddhist monks' protests, the National League for Democracy (NLD) office was under obvious watch, as well as the members of political parties and the houses and offices of ceasefire group members. If an NLD member goes to Rangoon, their family members will be questioned about the reasons for that person's travel," said one political activist, currently living in Moulmein.
A member of the Mon Liaison Office in Moulmein, who contacted HURFOM by phone, reported that the New Mon State Party (NMSP) gave a statement in late September giving support to the protests. As a result activities of the NMSP are now being closely monitored.
"After the NMSP declared their statement of support for the monks and protesters in the strike we are feeling under great pressure. They often come around our offices, especially the Mon Liaison Office and the Mon Commercial Office. One army truck and a motorbike purposely came and stopped in front of the office and watched our activities. I think these people are probably local USDA members. This took place a day or two before the protesting happened in Moulmein. In our office, we had to warn our members to contact each other wherever they went. We feel restricted staying in Moulmein," he added.
Before the SPDC closely observed the NMSP offices, they carried out many cases of human rights abuses in Ye Township, Southern Burma. In late September a HURFOM field reporter outlined how the Light Infantry Battalion (LIB) No.(31) which was under Military Operation and Management Command 19 (MOMC 19) abused the human rights of local people, such as restriction on movement and the flow of information.
"Now the villagers in Yin-Ye, Yin-Dain and Ka-Loh village, near Kaw-Zar village, have been ordered to inform the military whenever they leave and come back to the village. Strangers are not allowed to come into the village. LIB No. (31) also ordered the senior monks not to go anywhere," said a Kaw-Zar villager, Nai Chae, 55 years old.
A Yin-Dain villager, a teacher of Mon National School, reported that the curfews and restrictions on leaving and entering the villages in southern Ye Township were related to the demonstrations occurring throughout the whole country.
"The purpose of these restrictions is to prevent the demonstrations from spreading into these areas. If the demonstrations happen in these areas, it would be very hard to control because they are black areas and the authorities are afraid of splinter groups," said Nai Chan Ong, a teacher, in a phone interview.
In late September commodity prices increased, and insufficient goods and the flow of trade in southern Mon state also occurred due to the restrictions imposed by local authorities who were worried about the spread of demonstrations.
Ma Myint May (not her real name), 35 years old and the mother of four children, told a HURFOM field reporter, "There are not enough goods available in Moulmein, such as garlic, onion, oil, chilli, ginger and tamarind. There is also a shortage of groceries in Kaw-Zar village. Shop owners said that goods which they bought from Moulmein were stranded in Thanbyuzayart and Htinn-Yuu village. As our village cannot access commodities from Moulmein, prices have increased to a great extent. Everybody knew that the commodity prices would not drop again quickly following the increase. Now, our family has been eating without oil for several days."
Some greengrocers said that trading of local products from one place to another had been stopped due to imposed movement restrictions. Local people and consumers have not been able to obtain commodities and are unable to trade local products because the fish and prawns they usually send to Ye Township could not be transported any more.
"The movement restrictions were not only in place in response to the uprising. As they are black areas, Junta have been oppressing the people in these areas for years. Villagers were not allowed to go outside the village or sleep in their plantations and gardens. They always have to inform authorities wherever they go and they often have to pay for permission to move around. Because of the recent monk-led uprising the restriction of movement in these black areas increased greatly. Many youth in our areas fled to foreign countries due to the effects of these restrictions; they had no freedom to move around," said a Ayu-taung village (in Ye Township) head, 50 years old.
According to news photos collected by HURFOM the Battalions under the command of MOMC No. 19, instructed their Battalion Commander, Division Commander and soldiers to take action when momentum for the uprising was high.
According to one villager, who was close to the Light Infantry Battalion LIB No. 587, in Ayu-taung village-Ye Township, the Battalion commander called the local authorities and the people's forces to the emergency meeting everyday from the second week in September until the end of the month.
"In these meetings, he instructed the participants to control the strikes in the area, to take action if a strike occurred and to check on military members. He also instructed the village heads to submit their monthly report to the Battalion commander," reported a HURFOM field reporter who also collected photos.
IV. Aggressive Activities of Regime Supporters
Near Moulmein and nearby area
The local people complained that many check-points were set up along the outbound routes in Mon State after the 25th September when the monk-led uprising took place in Moulmein city, Mon State.
According to one HURFOM reporter from Moulmein city, the pro-government groups including the Union Solidarity and Development Association (USDA) members, people's forces and local intelligence took photos of protesters with digital cameras during the demonstration. On the 29th of September, they were using these photos to arrest all the leaders and monks who led the demonstrations.
"Recently, the SPDC set up many checkpoints, especially, in Zar-tha-pyin, Karen State, at the edge of Attaran bridge, near Kyaik-ma-yaw circle. There are many groups, such as Special Police Branch, Internal Security Force, militia, and soldiers from the South East Command, authorities from Ministry of Immigration and Population and police and riot police. They have appointed between 20 and 40 members at every check-points. Before the protests they would check identity cards and ask for money if we could not show them. However now they check all bags and pat down our bodies too. They specifically ask and record where we are going and where we've come from," said Maung Myo (not their real name), a 23-year-old who lives in Kyike-ma-yaw Township.
Likewise at the entrance check-points, especially in Karen State including Pa-an (the capital of Karen State), Ein-duu village, Zar-tha-pyin, they ask all travelers to get out of cars and be thoroughly checked. A bus passenger, who asked to remain anonymous, said, "…it took a long time for us to travel because of I.D. Card checks and answering guard's questions at several checkpoints along the way." He added that the authorities had set up more checkpoints at cities' gates than ever before.
"In Moulmein city, Mon State, there were many people with telephones monitoring and checking in crowded places, such as Myine-ya-nar public market, bus station and harbors. I think they are Special Police Branch, Internal security force and USDA members but they were wearing civilian clothes," relayed Ma Aye Thein, a 45 year old shop keeper.
According to one monk, a protester, a member from the administration department of Moulmein addressed the senior monks on the 30th of September asking them not to participate in the political activities anymore.
"We received some news that they were arresting people but we could not confirm who was arrested and which quarters they were from. Some people estimated they were arresting NLD members in rural areas," said a human rights observer based in Moulmein.
Mudon Township
The Burmese authorities have increased their checks and restrictions in Mu-Don Township after the uprising occurred in Moulmein, the capital city of Mon State.
A driver of a Yamanya Motor Association said, "If we leave from Moulmein, we will be firstly checked in Ya-khaing-gon check-point. There is another checkpoint at the edge of Yo-go Pagoda Road. They are thoroughly checking all passengers at that check-point; the people checking are from Special Police Branch, Internal Security Force (or Military Intelligence), militia and regular police women. Every passenger is asked to get out of the bus and queue along a line that they bar with bamboo. They detain anyone without an Identity Card. Before, they just imposed a 500 kyat fine and asked the passenger to buy them a bottle of mineral water, but they have stopped doing that now. If they suspect a woman passenger, the police woman takes her inside the gate and checks her thoroughly. They are very strict with everyone since the demonstrations."
According to Nai Lone (an alias), a 28 year old from Mudon Township, there was another gate which was set up by military intelligence, Special Police Branch and authorities form Ministry of Immigration and Population at the edge of Gyone-gyone-kya Forest Monastry road near Mudon town. They examined the passengers, asked them to show their Identity Cards and recorded the passengers' biography.
"In my view, the purpose of the authorities examining everyone this way is that they are investigating people who flee from other places trying to avoid being arrested. For example, the authorities ask everybody whose ID cards show that he or she is from Yangon and Pe-gu city, to get out of the car and receive a thorough examination. Even the monks have to show their monk cards, which are provided by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. I have never seen them act like this before. In Mu-Don Township, USDA members and the people's forces often have meetings in order to seriously discuss this issue," stated a former member of the New Mon State Party (NMSP) regarding the movement restrictions.
Kyaik-ma-yaw Township
The monks from Kyaik-ma-yaw Town, Tarana, Kaw-done, Kaw-pa-naw, Jon-ywa and other villages went to Moulmein to join the demonstrations. The demonstration in Moulmein stopped after the military regime's crackdown on the masses in Rangoon and Mandalay. Later on, "…in the USDA office the authorities examined the monks from Kyaik-ma-yaw Township and other people who joined the demonstration in Moulmein," relayed a local person.
"On the 26th of September, Mon monks in Kyike-Ma-Yaw monasteries and monks from other villages took part in the demonstration in Moulmein. On the 30th of September, they held the USDA monthly meeting in the USDA office at night. The participants in this meeting were Township secretary-U Hla Htun, joint-secretary- U Chit Oo, Township executive committee members and 20 villagers who assumed responsibilities. In the meeting, they discussed about investigating and arresting suspicious people and using weapons including bamboo sticks and heavy choppers. They also coordinated with militia for security," said a source from Htone-pho who asked to remain anonymous.
Chaung-zone Township (Island Township) After the September demonstration in Moulmein, a local security groups were set up, even in Chaung-Zone. Not many people from Chaung-Zone participated in the demonstrations. U Khin Maung, chairman of Township Peace and Development Council (TPDC), had organized the members of People Power Association. A HURFOM reporter said that USDA members from three administrative units on the Island had been called, along with local militia, to the daily emergency meetings which were held in the TPDC office. These meetings occurred during and after the demonstrations.
He added, "before and after the uprising, the USDA members, people's forces and militia from three administrative units (Ywa-lut; Mu-doon and Mu-yit) received fighting training, advocacy training and training in how to effectively spread propaganda. The Chairman of TPDC- U Khin Maung Myint, made a display of authority when he stated that demonstrations would not go ahead in his area".
Chaung-zone Township is known as Baluu Island because it is an island, west of Moulmein, the capital of Mon State (look at map). The people in Chaung-zone have to cross over the river by boats to go Moulmein and other towns in Mon State. Therefore, the authorities appointed military, militia, USDA members and the people's forces to monitor harbors and the places where any ferries stop. A local person said that the authorities had stopped all telephone and money transfer services.
Crackdown on dissidents in Mon state Started from October 30, 2007, SPDC authorities in the Moulmein are still cracking down on protesters and trying to figure out how information is flowing out. Special Police Force and military intelligence officials are searching for people who were involved in last months protests on the basis of photographs they had taken.
"A shop in the new bus station called 'New-ze-gyo' has already been investigated. The shop was closed after the questioning," the customers said.
Government backed organizations such as USDA and People Power Association are helping the authorities to find the leaders of protesters. The search is being done secretly by the authorities and many monks have left their monasteries. But I don't how many monks were arrested, an abbot said.
Currently authorities are searching for the photographer who took pictures and video clips of the protests in Moulmein and distributed them. According to residents, four monks from a monastery in Mudon town were interrogated and severely beaten up. Local residents in Moulmein claim about 200 monks from Moulmein have disappeared after they returned home to upper Burma.
Situation in Karen State (Kya-inn-seikyi Township)
There was a river route in Kya-inn-seikyi Township to go to Three-Pagodas Pass on the Thai-Burma border. Therefore, the authorities systematically barricaded this to prevent monks and protestors who fled from other towns attempting to escape arrest. Since the 30th of September, the authorities have blocked more gates a long the highway to go to Mu-Don Township, including Chaung-Na-Khawa andKya-inn-seikyi.
"Military intelligence force, Special Polce Branch, Militia, Ministry of Immigration and Population and USDA members strictly checked all the cars and buses entering or leaving the town, and checked the passengers one by one whether they were local villagers or not. If someone was without an ID card, they detained him or her and didn't allow that person to continue his or her journey. They asked many questions to strangers," said a local Karen man.
There was a checkpoint at the edge of the Three-Pagoda Town ferry landing. At that checkpoint they asked the passengers to sign a document after explaining where they were going and why. Moreover, members from the Moulmein Navy were examining all passengers at the mouth of the Za-mi River.
"Before, soldiers from the naval forces asked the owners of ferries just for sea-route and security taxes. Now, they also check ID cards and ask us why we're going to Three-Pagodas. The changes began after the protests," said a witness who works as an oil trader from Chaung-htit-kwa.
The SPDC regime have been barricading and checking villages which lie along the way to Three-Pagodas from Kya-inn-seikyi, such as Mae-za-lee, Ah-nan-gwin (Wae-naing in Mon), Apalone and Mae-ta-bwe. Extra attention has been given to the ferry landings around Mae-za-lee and Apalone. "Col. Win Htay, from Military Column No. 2 under Central Command of Southeast Command, led a column checking passengers' biographies, ID cards and their reasons for traveling," said a young motorboat driver who drives from Mae-zar-lee to Apalone.
"The soldiers, who are led by the Commander- Aye Chan from the Light Infantry Battalion LIB No. 51, which is set up in Three-Pagodas, are checking the passengers at the motorboat landing. They not only check all bags but also take any food they find in the bags without permission from the owners. However, nobody dare to question them. In this place there are other groups, such as the New Mon State Part (NMSP), Haung-Ta-Yaw ceasefire group and Democratic Karen Buddhist Army (DKBA) but they don't respond to these Burmese soldiers for us," said Ma Hla Hla Win, a passenger from Ya-lae village.
V. Conclusion
In conclusion, political experts have analyzed the situation and concluded that the main purpose of the authorities placing great restrictions on movement, barricading the gates and prohibiting civilian trading is due to the September monk-led uprising. After they violently cracked down on the masses, the junta has continued to arrest monks and protesters, with the accusation of participating in the demonstration, accomplishing the uprising and protesting against the outcomes of the National Convention in several places including Rangoon, Mandalay and other cities including in Moulmein.
Due to forcible recruitment to rallies to support National Convention and accompanied movement restriction and political oppressions, there are some stresses among populace and negative in economic situation as below:
Many government servants, including teachers, who refused to attend Rallies, are forced to express their reasons for not attending rallies and some of them will face to dismiss from works.
Some IT professional services like Internet shops, photo developing shops are threatened to shut down and stop their businesses.
Buddhist monks are totally restricted in their travels and in some areas, the ferries are instructed to not receive any monks in their service.
Due to movement restriction, trading in Mon State and other parts of Burma has dramatically decreased, the people face shortage of some commodities for their daily life.
Written by HURFOM · Filed Under Monthly Report
What is working between the Union and State levels of government, and what needs to change? : Responses from parliamentarians
NLD selective meetings with winning ethnic party candidates damaging unity, says MUP
Civic education must come first before the new GAD election
Child sexual abuses cases : 1/3rd of the perpetrators are family members
NLD sends 17 objection letters to UEC following 2020 election: One concerns election of MUP Deputy Speaker to Mon State Parliament
Six-year-old sexually abused in Mudon
Meeting between NLD and MUP canceled
MNEC needs hundred thousand supporters for Mon national education
Child sexual abuse on the rise
MUP seeks common ground before accepting NLD request to form a Democratic Federal Union
Articles in Mon (PDF Format)
Alternative ASEAN Network on Burma
Human Rights Treaties ratified by Burma
Karen Human Rights Group
Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Foundation of Monland - Burma. All Rights Reserved. XHTML

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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FEELINGS NOT FACTS?
"In the trees" - Martyn Thompson
I'm sitting on the little deck in Woodstock, a customary cup of tea in hand. A strong sun beams down on me… All round the ground is melting. Murky pools of glistening water appear in place of this morning's frosted ice. I hear the rush of the stream and the birds - some cars. There's a smell of wood burning. It's deliciously warm for a winters day. For a brief moment I am present to all of this… then bundled back again deep in my head… a tumbleweed of emotion.
"Pisces" - Johannes Regiomontanus
I'll try to be direct though its not in my emotional make up. Astrologically speaking, I have "Venus in Pisces". This manifests as something of a tendency to fantasy in love. I'm reputedly capable of imaginary relationships with beings never met (and can attest to the truth of this)… a romantic who simultaneously thrives on, and suffers with, his idealism… I invent situations I want to exist and play them out, only to be disappointed when they fall inevitably far from perfection. In a nutshell — I expect too much… So today I'm attempting a reality check — a somewhat painful experience!
"Previous Life" - Martyn Thompson
There's been a lot of moving going on… last week my office (building) in Williamsburg was closed to become — yes, not surprisingly — "luxury condos". A small portion of its contents moved to Prince St. in SoHo — the loft that's been my studio and home for many years — now referred to as the "showroom". The greater portion of the old office travelled to Woodstock — fast becoming a new live/work space. A large portion of the lofts contents also came upstate and finally, a lot of new furniture and samples arrived in Soho to complete "the Showroom"… plenty of change… a sure way to pry out ones emotional flaws.
"In the box" - Martyn Thompson
Anyway — I've squished about 30 years of work into the garage up here. Not a process I want to repeat in a hurry… all that decision making — keep this and throw that out — no wait — put that back — uuuuuuummmmmmm I'll decide later. I tried to be terribly organized about it all and though I've rather underestimated the shelving requirements in this garage, I'm all round thrilled that it costs about the same price as storage in the city — but with a house and garden attached… a bargain!
Now if i could only get rid of my storage in London as well…
"Memory Lane" - Martyn Thompson
Will this be its final resting place? What a thought!!! Next stop the rubbish dump? — it's easy to imagine all these boxes slowly gathering dust in the rafters — never to be opened again. In Sydney last January, my friend Penny and I emptied a draw of old photos and stuff intending a thorough edit. Soon consumed with old memories, I was incapable of parting with anything.
Lots of letters and postcards from my teens and early twenties — I'd forgotten that we used to write so much — particularly when we travelled — we couldn't afford phone calls. I don't imagine that we'll be keeping our texts and emails that long (and snapchat?) — which makes me sad — it's wonderful to delve into the past now and then — there's so much personality present in the just the handwriting. What will 40 years of Instagram look like?
"Solo" - Martyn Thompson
Being alone in Woodstock is a challenge — I'm so used to city life… it reminds me of all those moments when I've made a significantmove somewhere — Paris, London, New York — not always knowing many people but just having a feeling that its right — always a bit uncomfortable at first — till I find my pattern of things — it's slowly taking shape.
happy march
ps. hope you can join this evening for our presentation at The Future Perfect.
55 Great Jones, 6-8pm.
FEBRUARY 2016 NEWLETTER


This property comprises a high wall height clearance warehouse with an approximate gross leasable area of 900m2 plus mezzanine of 157.5m2.
It would ideally suit a business seeking great truck access with multiple roller doors, excellent exposure and a generous gravel hardstand area of approximately 1,000m2.
Occupying an elevated position, it enjoys excellent signage potential and good ventilation.
The asking price of $1,150,000 plus GST equates to $1,087.50/m2 GLA.


Our Mission: Empowering everyone to make informed and guided choices for their own survival.
We don't want Disasters. But should they come, we will be prepared.
Survival Supply Zone believes that everyone deserves a fair chance at survival. Disasters often come in a blink of an eye, often unannounced and always unwanted.
The worst time to be knowing what to do is when there is no more time to do it. May these stories bless you with better chances of breezing through life's constant challenges.
What are the Best Survival Equipment Multi-tools You Can Have?
Where to Find Cheap Camouflage Clothes at The Best Price?


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Loretta Lynn Will Drop Her 50th Studio Album In March, And It Will Feature Some Big Names
Why Dolly Parton Leaves Her Christmas Decorations Up Through Mid-January
Website Lets You Listen To The Sounds Of Forests Around The World
Ariana Grande Is Engaged And Her Announcement Is Very Sweet
Something Amazing Happened During This Baseball Team's Tribute To Aretha Franklin
Some pictures say it all.
Kate Streit 2018-08-23
Kate Streit · August 23, 2018
Getty Images | Theo Wargo
The world lost a music icon when soul legend Aretha Franklin passed away on Aug. 16 at the age of 76. Her fans and colleagues in the entertainment industry alike have been mourning the loss and paying tribute to the late singer in the days since.
When Franklin was honored with a moment of silence during the Detroit Tigers vs. Chicago Cubs baseball game at Comerica Park in Detroit on Aug. 20, something beautiful and amazing happened.
A rainbow appeared over the scoreboard, where Franklin's picture and the word "Respect," in reference to Franklin's hit song by the same name, have been repeatedly displayed since her death last week. Her songs also played during the game.
Check out the awesome moment posted on the Detroit Tigers' Facebook page below:
"Some pictures say it all," the caption read.
The post has since been shared more than 3,000 times, and fans chimed in to express their own tributes to the Queen of Soul. Many fans couldn't help but believe that Mother Nature was also paying her "respect" to Franklin, or perhaps the icon herself was letting everyone know she was looking down on them.
"That was Aretha still showing her love for Detroit," read one comment. "A once in a lifetime talent who will be sorely missed. RIP Ms. Franklin."
"Aretha Franklin is shining down on them 🐯 Go Tigers!" read another.
"Thanks for letting us know you're OK, Aretha. ❤" said another.
A Detroit native, Franklin often appeared at Tigers games, and she sang the national anthem during the 2011 American League Championship Series. Check out her stunning performance in the clip below:
We're so glad that the people of Franklin's hometown got to experience this truly special moment!
Tags:Aretha Franklinbaseballcelebrity deathChicago cubsdetroit tigers
You Can Get A Fit & Fresh Bento Lunch Set Just $10 at Sam's Club
Nun throws out wicked first pitch at major league baseball game


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Home » Music Reviews » Alan Cumming at Joe's Pub – Legal Immigrant
Christopher Jago
Eleanor Norton
JK Clarke
Lance Horne
Riley Mulherkar
Sandra Bernhard at Joe's Pub
Sore-Ida: Greater Clements
Cyrano Sings
Slay It With Music in Concert
Alan Cumming at Joe's Pub – Legal Immigrant
Posted on Jun 24, 2018 in Music Reviews
by JK Clarke
The first thing you notice, within minutes of Alan Cumming grabbing the microphone on the cozy stage of Joe's Pub for his new show Legal Immigrant (running through June 30) is that he's not merely the star of a cabaret performance, but rather this is a party and he's your host. It's a moment of life imitating art. Cumming, known for his many turns as the Master of Ceremonies/Emcee of Cabaret—particularly the two Broadway revivals, one in 1998, for which he won a Tony and just about every other award; and in the acclaimed 2014 revival—makes welcoming and accommodating guests to a club seem the most natural thing in the world. It also therefore stands to reason that he now owns his own club, Club Cumming, in the East Village, where he welcomes guests on a regular basis.
And though the common thread that runs through Legal Immigrant—that we are all immigrants here, some more recent than others (including Cumming, a Scottish national who recently became an American citizen)—has taken on extra gravity of late, Cumming didn't let the social commentary weigh heavily on the night. Nor did he let it be forgotten. Opening with a medley of "The Singer/Old Friends/Not a Day Goes By/Losing My Mind" (Walter Marks/Stephen Sondheim), he name-dropped that Liza Minnelli suggested he open with "The Singer," then added, as he did after each number, that the writers had roots elsewhere (in this case, as in many others, they were Jewish-Americans).
Lance Horne, Alan Cumming, Christopher Jago, Eleanor Norton
Cumming's voice is soothing and elegant, bringing to mind 1980s-era Peter Gabriel, with that same deeply felt passion and fullness. He performed an eclectic grouping of songs, from Pink's (Irish-German-Lithuanian-Jewish-American) "Give Me a Reason" to Edith Piaf/Marguerite Monnot's (French), "Hymn to Love" to Lieber and Stoller's (Jewish-American) "Is That All There Is." In the midst of his songs, Cumming's eyes flit from audience member to audience member, intimately, almost flirtatiously, making everyone there feel like a special guest or a friend.
Musical Director/Pianist Lance Horne's arrangements perfectly suited Cumming's style, and again like a good host, Cumming showed deep love and respect for his band (Eleanor Norton on cello, Christopher Jago on drums and guitar, and Riley Mulherkar on trumpet). He even paused during a song break to make sure, ever the accommodating party-giver, to make sure they all had a fresh cocktail.
Alan Cumming – photo by Jennifer Lilya
Unlike many cabaret shows, Cumming didn't stick to standards, but dove into numbers (again with creative medleys) culled from Disney hits and contemporary composers that may well be standards some day, like Lin Manuel-Miranda's (Puerto Rican-American) "How Far I'll Go" and "Let It Go" from Frozen by the hit making-couple of the day, Robert Lopez (Filipino American) and Kristen Anderson-Lopez (American). And with a dash of hope thrown in as an encore, he closed with a staple of adolescent auditions around the globe, "Tomorrow" (Charles Strouse/Martin Chernin – Jewish Americans) from Annie. Somehow, in Cumming's able hands, it didn't rankle or cause an ear worm as it often does. Instead, sticking with the message of the day, it left the audience with a sense of hope and a reminder that things change and eventually get better.
Most of all, and a vital characteristic in a good host, Cumming seemed genuinely to be having a terrific time. He made it known there's was no place in the world he'd rather be. And that went the same for his audience.
Alan Cumming – Legal Immigrant. Through June 30 – shows at midnight, doors at 11.30PM, at Joe's Pub (425 Lafayette Street, at Astor Place). www.publictheater.org
Photos: David Andrako (except where noted), cover photo by Jennifer Lilya


I'm still pretty speechless about this incredible gift from the talented Samarra Khaja. If you haven't checked out her new book, 'Sew Adorkable' – you definitely should. Everything Samara does is beyond clever and filled with whimsy.


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Shinedown's Jasin Todd: Southern Fried Metal
"Music is in my blood," says Shinedown guitarist Jasin Todd. "It eats me up entirely. The music flows through me, and whatever happens, happens."
Steven Douglas Losey
"MUSIC IS IN MY BLOOD," says Shinedown guitarist Jasin Todd. "It eats me up entirely. The music flows through me, and whatever happens, happens."
Todd—who started playing at nine years old with a pawnshop guitar bought by his mother—has mixed his Southern rock roots with various modern metal styles to develop an approach that's simultaneously heavy and melodic. The Southern flavor has certainly helped the Jacksonville, Florida, group break out of the pack of sound-alike acts signed in the post-Creed era of '00, and its seemingly endless commitment to touring helped nab the band a platinum-record award for its debut album (Leave a Whisper), an opening spot on Van Halen's 2004 tour, and a number one single on both the modern rock and mainstream rock charts with "Save Me" from the band's most recent album, Us and Them [Atlantic].
How does songwriting come together for Shinedown?
Believe it or not, we write mostly on acoustics. Usually, we'll jam and throw a riff back and forth until something emerges. We don't write when we're on the road, because there's too much chaos out there. There's too much partying, and there's never anywhere quiet enough to go play guitar. So all the writing is done when we're back home.
Given Shinedown's sound, it's obvious you must have been into Southern bands like Molly Hatchet and .38 Special.
Oh man, that Southern stuff is like gospel down in Florida! Surprisingly though, my only real band in high school was full-on death metal—somewhere between Deicide and Morbid Angel. But Jimmy Page and Gary Rossington were my favorite players growing up, and, not surprisingly, everything I do starts with a Gibson guitar. It has been Gibson ever since I was able to afford one. That should explain things right there.
In other words, your roots definitely lie in the '70s?
Yeah. My mom is probably responsible for that. She always had Led Zeppelin and Lynyrd Skynyrd tapes lying around the van and in the house. I relate to those guys more—especially their style of playing. On Us and Them, that style really came out of me.
You only had two solos on Leave a Whisper? What caused you to riff more on Us and Them?
We were able to stand up for ourselves! It's easier when you sell a million records—although it took us more than two years to get there. When we recorded Leave a Whisper in 2003, people were saying, "Solos aren't cool." That was due to the nu-metal thing, even though we were never nu-metal. This time, the label let us do what we wanted.
We also went through a natural progression—you have to keep maturing—although so many people wanted us to duplicate our first album. But all of my favorite bands went a different way on each record, so I took a lot of chances on Us and Them. I played a lot of hollowbody guitars, and I used smaller amps. I've always known the Fender Twin was a great amp, but I didn't realize how cool it sounded when you cranked it to 10! When we blended that sound with my Diezel VH4, the tone was unbelievable. You can hear every single note. I can't say enough about Diezel. I found out Adam Jones and Wes Borland were playing them, and when I finally heard one myself, I went nuts. What comes out of that amp is ridiculous!
Finally, it was good having Tony Battaglia as our producer, because he let us write and play the kinds of songs we wanted. He plays guitar himself, so he helped us arrange some cool stuff and write a few riffs, as well. It was fun jamming with him. We didn't care who played what. We're all about the songs.
How did you come up with those interesting bends on "Save Me"?
I think those cool little ideas come from playing live a lot. The emotion you play with is a key factor in what comes out, and, after a while, those moments are almost subconscious. I did the same type of thing on "Burning Bright." Those types of bends are just one of my little techniques. The more I play live—and the older I get—the more those things appear. I find that you can't get that kind of vibe happening consistently unless you're out on the road.
But I should also say that I never go in and put a lead on a song just for the sake of it. I only go there if the song calls for it. It's not about being flashy or showy, but I think I still managed to come up with a bunch of really cool guitar moments on Us and There.
Such as the solo on "Heroes," for example?
Oh yeah! That solo was a total stream of consciousness. I just happened to go to the wah, and that's what came out. I was also using a fuzz pedal from the '70s and an octave pedal, but, instead of an octave, the effect was this weird fifth harmony. We mixed the harmony way in the background, so just pop on some headphones if you want to hear it. It's my favorite solo on the record.
What inspires you these days?
My band still inspires me. Standing next to Brent [Smith, Shinedown vocalist] onstage is totally inspiring. To open your mouth and have that tone come out is amazing. I'm also inspired by my little girl, as well as by the fact I have a little boy on the way. [Todd is married to Melody VanZant, daughter of the late Lynyrd Skynyrd vocalist Ronnie VanZant.] Music is all we are. Through good times and bad times, it's everything.


We're trying to support both formats for a sunset period. Trying to guarantee the addons directory can do both is actually the thing that's got me stuck on the 2.4 release lately - we'd already moved to it for that.
Also, for the record, 2.5 is not anywhere near release. It's an alpha build, which means more features are yet to be added. I really don't recommend building anything for it yet.
Thanks. I'm in the final phase of developing a plugin (being beta tested by some users over here) and wanted to check whether I need something to make it "future proof". If you care to learn about the plugin shoot me a pm.
I have tried something similar (making a plugin futureproof) and had not many problems on the frontend side.
I know that the ideal would be to keep the compatibility of addons and plugins back, but also remember that php has had many changes, and sometimes many systems lose those compatibility due to new developments which is normal, in my personal opinion, launch a version 2.4.x incorporating the automatic cache cleanup function for themes, addons and plugins, and launch a new branch vanilla 3.0, which indicates that the addons and plugins should update, the truth I do not see more problem, the addons and more important plugins are maintained by the team vanilla, it will be a great job but the reward will be more efficient, faster and safer software using the new api.
I still vote for a long sunset period of backward compatibility. The reality is that for various reasons many communities are late to upgrade.
It would be great if there was an automated script (even an editor macro) that would apply the compatibility changes. I don't know if R_J's code snippet above is the only required change... Would be nice to know the answer to this question.
P.S. I don't even know whether the statement that the "more important plugins are maintained by the team " is accurate. There will be users out there for whom a specific plugin is very important regardless of it's authors.
In my experience you don't need to worry about deprecated functions as they will tell you if they are deprecated and there is an alternative.
You basically just need to turn on debug mode and go through all warnings and notices.
I still vote for a long sunset period of backward compatibility.
We too are fans of backwards compatibility. When we decide against it, it's because we don't have the resources necessary to keep doing it.
yes a simple conversion tool would be the best thing that could be done for all the broken plugins.
more time spent with that and creation of .json file would be far better than redesigning a ratings system to rate broken plugins.
this should be run automatically on all plugins in addon section.
You download a zip file from the addon section, go to the settings page of this plugin, upload the zip file and download a "fixed" zip file.
It basically creates a addon.json file inside the zip file, and makes sure the classname is called KeyPlugin (older plugins sometimes only have a Key as name).
I'm strongly against running any automatic "fix" against the addon section though, since it's really hard to protect against all the exceptions to general rules, and odds are you break quite a few plugins by trying to fix them.
I just convert individual plugins, then I can at least test them individually to make sure they still work after my "fix".
I haven't had time to research it but I noticed that there's a file created in the cache directory for the activated plugins, so perhaps some content can be derived from that file and added to the individual plugins... Again, just an unresearched notion.
I strongly agree that this is a better approach.
There should ALWAYS be an option to delete the two cache files available from the dashboard (but there is not) - the plugin related one and the theme cache as well. Deleting the themeindex and the files from compile folder would be nice as well from the dashboard. The cache file can be out of synch and the dashboard code isn't smart enough to know there is a a change. Sometimes it knows there is a cache change if you add a plugin and then you will you get the option to clear cache. But I see no harm in making the option persistent and consistent and permanent, since there may be other reasons cache will be out of date.
nice that you two created programs to create json files., should have been part of vanilla 2.5 since the json file is required in some cases or the plugin breaks despite the documentation saying otherwise.
since the json file is required in some cases or the plugin breaks despite the documentation saying otherwise.
What cases? Is there an issue filed for this?
But since other people didn't have the same issue, I figured it was something specific to my setup.
I'm able to enable that plugin and navigate to /plugin/PrivacyNotice successfully and see a privacy notice. This is using the latest master branch. I believe you have misdiagnosed the root cause of whatever issue you are having.
I've finally identified the root of my issue!
It had been bothering me quite a bit. Plugins in 2.3 were allowed to have class.FancyTitle.php as a title. In 2.5, the PluginInfo doesn't get read from class.FancyTitle.php.
When an addon.json file is present, PluginInfo doesn't need to be extracted from class.FancyTitle.php, so it just works (because the autoloader has no issue including class.FancyTitle.php).
Which is why most of my own plugins suddenly broke. They were all named "wrong", so they all needed an addon.json file. Which is also why other people don't have the same issue, because they don't have the same naming habit as I have.
Plugins in 2.3 were allowed to have class.FancyTitle.php as a title. In 2.5, the PluginInfo doesn't get read from class.FancyTitle.php.
Classic case of breaking compatibility we didn't realize existed.


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Issue 1: January 2020
Ekphrastic Poem: 312 words
By Robert L. Dean, Jr.
What I Remember
all that is solid melts into air
(oil on canvas, 2018)
Copyrighted © 2018 by Steven Schroeder. All rights reserved.
What I remember is the sun, and how,
in those days, we all lived within
a stone's throw of it. What I remember
is my mother's clear-nailed fingers
clacking over the ivories of the
upright piano, and how the notes danced
in the warm green irises of her eyes. What I
remember is my father taking his father's
handmade board and whittled wood pegs
from the battered cigar box which, nevertheless,
was laden with wondrous treasure,
shuffling dogeared blue cards backed
with winged Cupid riding a bicycle,
and explaining words like cribbage
and his nibs, the difference between
play and show. What I remember
is the Sunday afternoon smell of pot roast
and string beans and scalloped potatoes
coming to a head in the butter-colored
sanctum sanctorum of the kitchen. What
I remember is tiny miles of railroad track
on a big brown board in the basement
and little brother's ecstatic hand claps
when the train left the rails. What I remember
is catch in the backyard, and how much Dad did
not resemble Catfish Hunter or Blue Moon Odom,
and how the light glinted off his fastball anyway.
What I remember is Miss Buttenhof's blonde hair,
and how we naughty little Lutheran School boys
never minded staying after hours in fourth grade.
What I remember is rounding the corner of the school
building and running into a new kid, and how,
when we got into our 40s & 50s, we faded out
of each other's lives. But mostly what I remember
is all the houses we ever lived in, and how they were
all the same house, because they were always our house.
If you look quickly, closely, you can see it now, our house,
just barely in frame, floating across the face of this
one last cigar-box-treasure day, me waving from the porch,
the sun still rising.
Steven Schroeder
Issue 1, January 2020
is a visual artist and poet who was born in Wichita Falls, grew up on the high plains in the Texas Panhandle, and now lives and works in Chicago. He earned his Ph.D. (1982) at the University of Chicago and spent thirty years moonlighting as a philosophy professor at universities in the United States and China. He has been painting for more than 50 years and writing poetry for nearly that long.
⚡ Portfolio and additional details
⚡ Books and links to scholarly publications
⚡ Learning to See Nothing: New and Recent Work on Paper and Canvas by Steven Schroeder; exhibition catalog, Eleanor Hayes Art Gallery (Kinzer Performing Arts Center, Northern Oklahoma College in Tonkawa, Oklahoma; 4 September–18 October 2018)
Robert L. Dean, Jr.
is the author of the poetry collection At the Lake with Heisenberg (Spartan Press, November 2018). His second book, The Aerialist Will Not Be Performing, ekphrastic poems and short fictions after the art of Steven Schroeder, will be released early in 2020. His writings have appeared or are forthcoming in Chiron Review; Flint Hills Review; Heartland! Poetry of Love, Resistance & Solidarity; I-70 Review; Illya's Honey; KYSO Flash; MacQueen's Quinterly; Red River Review; River City Poetry; Shot Glass; The Ekphrastic Review; and the Wichita Broadside Project. His work has been nominated multiple times for the Pushcart Prize and the Best of the Net anthology award; he was a quarter-finalist in the 2018 Nimrod Pablo Neruda Prize for Poetry; and he read at the Scissortail Creative Writing Festival and the Chikaskia Literary Festival in 2018.
Dean has been a professional musician and worked at The Dallas Morning News. He lives in Augusta, Kansas, and serves as Event coordinator for Epistrophy: An Afternoon of Poetry and Improvised Music held annually in Wichita.
⚡ Hopper and Dean: Interview and poems in River City Poetry (Fall 2017).
⚡ Metal Man, ekphrastic poem inspired by a 1955 photograph of Dean's paternal grandfather in the Boeing machine shop; published in The Ekphrastic Review (28 July 2018) and nominated for the Pushcart Prize.
⚡ Windmill, ekphrastic poem inspired by Dean's maternal grandfather; published in KYSO Flash (Issue 11, Spring 2019) and nominated for the Pushcart Prize. This poem is among half-a-dozen of Dean's ekphrastic works published in KYSO Flash (Issues 11 and 12).
⚡ Llama, 1957, ekphrastic haibun inspired by Inge Morath's photograph A Llama in Times Square; published in The Ekphrastic Review (13 January 2018).


text:
The Proud Princess and the Masked Mage
Posted on September 17, 2018 by Sonya Lano — Leave a comment
I found a fairy tale I wrote in Czech, so for fun I'm going to translate parts of it every week. It's very simple (don't expect literary titillation here), but so far it's fun! So here you go…
Once upon a time there was a tall, proud castle on a beautiful coastline. Inside lived a proud king. This proud king had a proud daughter, and this daughter had a proud cat.
As is customary for such proud creatures, the cat walked past the castle with its tail proudly erect, the princess walked proudly with her nose up, and the king walked with his chest puffed proudly out.
Why were they so proud, do you ask? Actually, I think not even they knew why. They just lived in this proud castle, day by day, proudly and happily. They did nothing other than eat, drink and sleep. The cat loved the sun. The princess liked to sing (although, according to a proud cat, she did not do it well). The king liked sitting on his throne and ruling his subjects. And when they did not do that, they walked proudly. Every day came and went with the regularity of a metronome. One could say that it was a tedious life when they just walked and were proudly proud.
But there was one interesting thing, because something unusual happened at night.
Every night, the king sneaked out wrapped in a black cloak, his face obscured with a hood. He rode away on black horse under cover of moonlight and did not return until early morning. No one knew where he went. No one ever saw him leave. His proud daughter, with her proud dreams, had no idea. The cat, who loved to chase the mice at night, did not even care.
And where did he go? That was his secret, although, as we all know, secrets can hardly be hidden forever. The day comes and, without us knowing how, the secret is out, because secrets must always be revealed at utterly inappropriate moments. That is, at least, how it is in stories, and as the King discovered, that's how it happens in real life, as well.
The day of the princess's birthday celebration arrived. She was turning twenty. A little old for an unmarried princess, but she was too proud to be married to just anyone! Should she be content with a man who was not the sheer embodiment of her dreams? That could not be! After all, every reasonable girl only marries a man who is perfect for her. And the proud princess needed a proper prince, someone fetching, courageous and gallant.
Unfortunately, no such prince had come yet. She despised all her other poor suitors.
After all, what could a proud princess do other than despise them?
Today, however, another matter burdened her thoughts, because she had found her proud father completely transformed at breakfast. His proud chest seemed to hide beneath his chin. His head slumped, tilted toward the ground. His back was hunched and his hands hung helplessly at his sides. He did not eat his favorite egg eyes, just ogled the egg as if it had real eyes that returned his gaze.
"Father!" cried the princess. "What's happening? Where is your pride?"
"My pride, Damarishko, is gone," the king said in a tired voice, without looking up from his egg eyes. "I had to solve a problem… and tonight it will be yours," he added sadly, entrenched in self-pity.
"How is your problem going to be mine tonight, Father? Are you ill? Surely not that!" Damarishka was on the brink of tears.
"Do not be foolish, girl. No illness would dare to make me so angry. I rule the kingdom; I do not have time for such stupidity," growled the king, straightening a little.
"So tell me what's going on!" she pleaded earnestly.
"You will find out in the evening." The king rose from the table then and left the room without a single word.
The untouched egg eyes looked almost reproachfully at Damarishka, but she ignored them, thinking furiously. So her dad was throwing a problem at her that he could not solve himself? Had she heard that correctly?
Whatever the case was, she was proud that she had not lost her pride as her father had apparently lost his.
About Sonya Lano
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Advise, guide, and provide input on Association international efforts and develop strategies for implementing these international efforts.
Appointed by the President-Elect, one year prior to term of office, from the committee members from the previous year. The appointee shall not be in the final year of his/her term on the advisory board at the time of appointment. The appointment shall be for one year.
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text:
Submersion (mathematics)
"Regular point" redirects here. For "regular point of an algebraic variety", see Singular point of an algebraic variety.
In mathematics, a submersion is a differentiable map between differentiable manifolds whose differential is everywhere surjective. This is a basic concept in differential topology. The notion of a submersion is dual to the notion of an immersion.
Let M and N be differentiable manifolds and f : M → N be a differentiable map between them. The map f is a submersion at a point p ∈ M if its differential
is a surjective linear map.[1] In this case p is called a regular point of the map f, otherwise, p is a critical point. A point q ∈ N is a regular value of f if all points p in the pre-image f−1(q) are regular points. A differentiable map f that is a submersion at each point p ∈ M is called a submersion. Equivalently, f is a submersion if its differential Dfp has constant rank equal to the dimension of N.
A word of warning: some authors use the term "critical point" to describe a point where the rank of the Jacobian matrix of f at p is not maximal.[2] Indeed, this is the more useful notion in singularity theory. If the dimension of M is greater than or equal to the dimension of N then these two notions of critical point coincide. But if the dimension of M is less than the dimension of N, all points are critical according to the definition above (the differential cannot be surjective) but the rank of the Jacobian may still be maximal (if it is equal to dim M). The definition given above is more commonly used, e.g. in the formulation of Sard's theorem.
Any projection
Local diffeomorphisms
Riemannian submersions
The projection in a smooth vector bundle or a more general smooth fibration. The surjectivity of the differential is a necessary condition for the existence of a local trivialization.
Local normal form
If f: M → N is a submersion at p and f(p) = q ∈ N then there exist an open neighborhood U of p in M, an open neighborhood V of q in N, and local coordinates (x1,…,xm) at p and (x1,…,xn) at q such that f(U) = V and the map f in these local coordinates is the standard projection
It follows that the full pre-image f−1(q) in M of a regular value q ∈ N under a differentiable map f: M → N is either empty or is a differentiable manifold of dimension dim M − dim N, possibly disconnected. This is the content of the regular value theorem (also known as the submersion theorem). In particular, the conclusion holds for all q ∈ N if the map f is a submersion.
Topological manifold submersions
Submersions are also well defined for general topological manifolds.[3] A topological manifold submersion is a continuous surjection f : M → N such that for all p ∈ M, for some continuous charts ψ at p and φ at f(p), the map ψ−1 ∘ f ∘ φ is equal to the projection map from Rm to Rn, where m=dim(M) ≥ n=dim(N).
Ehresmann's fibration theorem
↑ Crampin & Pirani 1994, p. 243. do Carmo 1994, p. 185. Frankel 1997, p. 181. Gallot, Hulin & Lafontaine 2004, p. 12. Kosinski 2007, p. 27. Lang 1999, p. 27. Sternberg 2012, p. 378.
↑ Arnold, Gusein-Zade & Varchenko 1985.
↑ Lang 1999, p. 27.
Arnold, V. I.; Gusein-Zade, S. M.; Varchenko, A. N. (1985). Singularities of Differentiable Maps: Volume 1. Birkhäuser. ISBN 0-8176-3187-9.
Bruce, J. W.; Giblin, P. J. (1984), Curves and Singularities, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-42999-4
Crampin, Michael; Pirani, Felix Arnold Edward (1994). Applicable differential geometry. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-23190-9.
do Carmo, Manfredo Perdigao (1994). Riemannian Geometry. ISBN 978-0-8176-3490-2.
Frankel, Theodore (1997). The Geometry of Physics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38753-1.
Gallot, Sylvestre; Hulin, Dominique; Lafontaine, Jacques (2004). Riemannian Geometry (3rd ed.). Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3-540-20493-0.
Kosinski, Antoni Albert (2007) [1993]. Differential manifolds. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-46244-8.
Lang, Serge (1999). Fundamentals of Differential Geometry. Graduate Texts in Mathematics. New York: Springer. ISBN 978-0-387-98593-0.
Sternberg, Shlomo Zvi (2012). Curvature in Mathematics and Physics. Mineola, New York: Dover Publications. ISBN 978-0-486-47855-5.


Dr. Spencer B. Meredith III is a professor of national security strategy at the National Defense University. With expertise on Russia, Eastern Europe and the Middle East, he advises several Joint Staff, SOCOM and interagency efforts on SOF in great power competition. The views expressed are the author's and do not reflect official NDU, DOD, or USG positions.


Bilbao, the most important city in northern Spain, is located on the coast of the Bay of Biscay.
It was originally a seaport and in the 15th and 16th centuries became a center of commerce between Spain, Europe and America. Today, over 1.1 million inhabitants live in Bilbao and its metropolitan area.


text:
Does a lightsaber have a cauterizing effect when cutting off appendages, or not?
The reason I ask this question is because in A New Hope.. there is a scene when Kenobi cuts off Ponda Baba's arm, and we can see that it is bloody on the ground. However, if we go back to the newer (older) movies, there is a scene where Mace Windu snags the head off of Jango Fett. It appears as though it is cauterized by the heat and burning of the lightsaber itself. Also in numerous video games, such as the Jedi Knight series, dismemberment from lightsabers yields no blood and appears to automatically cauterize the wound. Any thoughts?
Edit - Almost forgot about the scene when Luke gets his hand snagged off - There is no blood!
star-wars lightsaber
AceAce
Possibly not a dupe, but very much related: Would a lightsaber melt or vaporize a bullet?. – phantom42 Jan 17 '14 at 20:06
I believe it's mentioned in the EU that it does generally cauterize the wound. – Kevin♦ Jan 17 '14 at 20:08
The OOU explanation is that in A New Hope, they hadn't really decided how lightsabers worked yet, ie, it wasn't decided that they cut by burning/melting. Note that Ben Kenobi's cloak isn't burnt when Vader's lightsaber slices through it either. – Tomari7 Jan 20 '14 at 10:16
in before Ponda Baba is actually terribly unlucky and is a member of the only race in existance that bleeds after being cut with a lightsaber – Petersaber Oct 28 '16 at 21:47
Hmmm... blood when Luke cut off the ice beast's arm on Hoth, I seem to remember? – Damon Oct 29 '16 at 20:02
The lightsaber is supposed to instantly cauterize the wound... from posts on
http://www.killermovies.com/forums/archive/index.php/t-356672-where-is-the-blood-in-star-wars.html
A lot of people are claiming it is simply a mistake in the first movies.
But in the Star Wars Wikia it states...
http://starwars.wikia.com/wiki/Lightsaber
A lightsaber blade was a mass-less form that neither radiated heat nor expended energy until it came into contact with something solid. The power of the energy blade was so great that it could cut through almost anything, although the speed through which it cut depended on the density of the subject. One important note about lightsaber wounds is that they rarely bled profusely, even when a limb had been severed. This is because the energy blade cauterized the wound as it passed, and thus even a severe wound did not tend to bleed heavily.
This means you may still bleed but not a lot from the lightsaber wound.
Edit: Also want to state I looked up more about cauterization...
According to this website
http://www.stuffyoushouldknow.com/blog/stuff-knows-guide-proper-adulthood-cauterize-wound/
When cauterizing a wound with fire... It states..
Next, get a stick or something else to bite down on because you're going to need it. If you have alcohol, pour it on the wound to clean it as best you can. Now comes the moment you've been dreading, but it's a move that could save your life. Gently press the hot metal onto the wound, holding it long enough to seal it, but not so long that you're burning into your healthy body tissue. Try applying it in short bursts so you don't overdo it, checking the bleeding as you go. When you don't see any blood flowing, it means you've done a bang up job.
From this we can gather that cauterizing a wound sometimes takes a couple of tries... Even though a lightsaber may cauterize stuff instantly, perhaps it doesn't "always" stop 100% of the bleeding.
DoctorWho22DoctorWho22
Wikia is frequently just what some guy wrote to explain what they see in a movie. Unless that statement has references to canon sources, it should not be taken TOO seriously as proof. – DVK-on-Ahch-To Jan 17 '14 at 20:17
All of the wikia has many different sources... They usually link every really important facts to one of the sources at the bottom... And it's widely known that lightsabers use a "frozen laser beam"... Lasers are used to cauterize wounds... So it's not a giant leap to think that lightsabers could instantly cauterize a wound... Now the only problem is determining if this is the case if one person would bleed a little.. Or did you not bother to look all the way at the bottom for the sources? – DoctorWho22 Jan 17 '14 at 20:25
I'm not saying that the Wikia is wrong, just that, absent a cite, it is not guaranteed to be right and can't be used as source of authoritiative info (whenever my answers quote Wikia that's uncited I try to clearly STATE the lack of cite) – DVK-on-Ahch-To Jan 17 '14 at 20:27
It's clearly shown that every almost every single depiction of a lightsaber wound there's cauterization it can be easily inferred that bleeding rarely occurs. – DoctorWho22 Jan 17 '14 at 20:33
That second quote... OUCH. – Omegacron Feb 23 '15 at 21:31
I think the difference is Ponda Baba had non-human physiology. His arm appears to be resemble a blood-filled tube (i.e., a huge combined vein/artery in the middle of it). As such, it couldn't be expected to cauterize as efficiently as human arm when cut off by lightsaber.
This is actually a pretty good point. How this race's physiology works doesn't tell us anything about others (in particular humans) – ThePopMachine Mar 27 '15 at 14:46
First let me start by saying this is something I've discussed with quite a few fans in my personal quest for an answer.
To the first point: Everything I understand about the lightsaber would lead me to believe it would cauterize the wound upon passing through, but I don't think you could cauterize a knife wound with a lightsaber. I've never used heat to cauterize a wound so I cannot attest to that specific post, but what I've learned in the military tells me that post is correct. should happen fairly quickly, but it may take a second press.
So in the Star Wars universe I know of only one other time a lightsaber produces blood, and its from a humanoid. When Obi-wan slices Darth Maul in two, a spray of blood a la Kill Bill can be seen, if only quite briefly. Since we see a few seconds later that he is indeed cut clean in half, we cant assume he only partially cut the body leaving a segment to rip or still be connected etc etc. As far as Ponda bleeding, I'm gonna side with the previous comments there. His physiology is likely not like ours with tiny veins carrying blood, but possibly more like a spider whose limbs are simply liquid filled cavities with organs kinda floating in it.
Other than that, its all speculation on an alternate universe, so the answer could simply be, "Because Star Wars."
Jason Baker
DOUBLEJDOUBLEJ
I think the answer is more basic than that: Lucas didn't understand that the extreme heat of a lightsaber would cauterize the wound. Given the fact that you DON'T see blood in modern SW films, I think it's just the case that he knows something about physiology that he didn't know in 1977. The explanations about alien biology are not actual, canon explanations - they are fans trying to come up with ways to make that scene plausible. There's nothing wrong with that, but I think it needs to be understood as a separate thing altogether from the much more likely scenario that that scene plays out the way it does for no other reason than that Lucas just didn't know such a wound would be cauterized and not bleeed.
It has been confirmed that Ponda Boba's species have the same blood system as a spider in current canon. The wound wouldn't cauterize as efficiently. Darth Maul is a zabrak who have more resilient skin. The tissue is too tough to cauterize instantly.
Jacob AvillionJacob Avillion
Welcome to SFF.SE! This looks like a promising answer but you need to cite sources so others can verify your claims. Please take a look at the help center to learn how this site works. – Null♦ Apr 26 '16 at 19:11
Lightsabers have occasionally explicitly been described as having a cauterizing effect. For example, when Anakin beheads Dooku, the novelization describes the wound as "cauterized" (of course, the movie supports this, since we don't see any fountain of blood):
The severed head's stare was fixed on something beyond living sight. The desperate plea frozen in place on its lips echoed silence. The headless torso collapsed with a slowly fading sigh from the cauterized gape of its trachea, folding forward at the waist as though making obeisance before the power that had ripped away its life.
Revenge of the Sith (novelization)
Even when the word "cauterized" is not used, the films generally show things this way, as well as not showing any blood.
Anakin's legs glowing after Obi-Wan amputates them:
The books also almost invariably show severed body parts as exhibiting some degree of burning (if it's mentioned at all).
He was looking at a hand. The hand had brown skin. The hand held a lightsaber. The hand had a charred oval of tissue where it should have been attached to an arm.
And wounds are often explicitly described as having no blood:
"This is what happens to those who would resist the Empire," the gray creature said.
He threw his still-spinning lightsaber at Kolvin and sliced him in half. Kaeden screamed, expecting fountains of blood, but both halves of the body thudded cleanly to the ground and did not so much as twitch.
It's perhaps worth noting that the new novelization of A New Hope describes Ponda's arm as "sizzling" after being cut off, so there's definitely still heat at work:
Han could have sworn the severed arm—not to mention the creature's remaining stump—was still sizzling when the old fossil calmly switched his blue laser sword off.
The Princess, the Scoundrel, and the Farm Boy
On the other hand, it's difficult to argue with the film. Even in new and improved versions of A New Hope, the arm is definitely bleeding.
So Ponda's arm definitely was not cauterized. As to why, there are lots of potential explanations, though I'm not aware of any canon one (yet). Most likely, Aqualish have a bizarre physiology, which means that their blood doesn't boil or coagulate until temperatures are much higher than for humans (or at all). Weirder things have been seen in Star Wars.
AdamantAdamant
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