text:
Reporter's blog
Udall Works To Expand DOE Tech Transfer, Build NM's Economy
by Reporter / Nov 17, 2015 / 0 comments
WASHINGTON – U.S. Senator Tom Udall unveiled his updated bill to streamline the process for moving cutting-edge research and development from our national labs into the marketplace. Udall has championed technology transfer as a way to advance high-tech industries and create jobs in New Mexico. While Udall has successfully pushed the Department of Energy (DOE) to improve tech transfer, there is still much work to do.
The Accelerating Technology Transfer to Advance Innovation for the Nation (ATTAIN) Act will cut bureaucracy and better facilitate public-private partnerships at the federal, state and regional level. Udall recently solicited input on the legislation from several New Mexico businesses that have commercialized technologies created at Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories and added their suggestions to his bill.
"From scientists at Sandia and Los Alamos to researchers at our universities, New Mexico is home to some of the most innovative minds in the world. Those innovators are creating technologies that can improve our everyday lives — but we need to streamline the tech transfer process so they can move their ideas into the marketplace and increase their impact," Udall said. "I'm proud we've made some real strides on tech transfer, but that means we need to build on the momentum and keep pushing to make more progress. Supporting tech transfer will encourage entrepreneurship, creating more high-tech jobs here in New Mexico and growing our economy. If we can fully realize New Mexico's potential, we can lead the nation in high-tech innovation."
Udall first announced his legislation to improve technology transfer in August 2013 after collaborating with labs, entrepreneurs, investors and educators. Thanks to Udall's advocacy, DOE has taken several steps to encourage technology transfer, including the creation of the DOE Office of Technology Transitions. Udall has also passed legislation to require the agency to prioritize spending on tech transfer and to increase lab-directed research and development.
"Working in partnership with our national labs, universities and entrepreneurs, we've already made significant progress expanding tech transfer," Udall added."Sandia alone has seen a 38 percent increase in commercial licenses in just the past year — that's a 130 percent jump from 2012. But there's still room to grow, and the ATTAIN Act is a comprehensive plan to get our labs and startups the resources they need to jumpstart high-tech commercial innovation in New Mexico."
The ATTAIN Act takes a four-pronged approach to expanding tech transfer. It will:
- Measure technology transfer progress at DOE. This includes permanently codifying DOE's new tech transfer office and improving coordination between the agency and the labs.
- Increase public-private partnerships. Expanding the DOE Lab Corps program will encourage collaboration with foundations and nonprofits to support tech maturation, entrepreneurs and mentors.
- Expand startup funding to underserved areas. Modeled after the Small Business Administration's program for economic development, a similar tech transfer program will channel capital to regions with untapped potential.
- Enhance regional engagement and research partnerships. The bill will require DOE to make it easier for small- and medium-sized businesses to compete with larger firms to develop products from research at DOE labs. It also would enable state governments, including public universities, to benefit from the products developed by researchers at labs (for example, a researcher's patented medical device could be used at a public hospital). This provision would help further tech transfer by expanding the ways marketable products could be brought out of the lab and into practical use.
As he updated his bill, Udall specifically drew on the findings of DOE's Commission to Review the Effectiveness of the National Energy Laboratories. Udall also incorporated suggestions made by tech transfer entrepreneurs who participated in his October roundtable discussion with Jetta Wong, the acting director of DOE's Office of Technology Transitions. Those changes include: a measure encouraging DOE to draw on universities' experience with tech transfer to benefit commercialization at the labs, and the creation of a grant program to help post-doctoral graduate students — who often lack the resources of other lab researchers — market products based on their work. Additionally, roundtable participants encouraged Udall to add the provisions increasing access to research partnerships for small- and medium-sized businesses, local and state governments, public universities and economic development organizations.
Several New Mexico universities and businesses support Udall's bill, including the University of New Mexico, New Mexico State University, Santa Fe Community College, Aquila, UbiQD, HT MicroAnalytical and Technology Ventures Corporation.
"The ATTAIN act is a great step in the right direction toward commercializing Department of Energy-funded technology and recognizing the importance of supporting post-graduate researcher entrepreneurship," said Dr. Hunter McDaniel, Founder and President of UbiQD, LLC, a low-toxicity, low-cost quantum dot manufacturer whose technology is licensed from Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico. "As a former postdoc myself, I believe the DOE's biggest untapped resource in technology commercialization is in enabling post-doctoral scientists to pursue startups leveraging research developed at the national laboratories."
"I am entirely in favor of extracting greater economic gain from our country's laboratories. Within the DOE there is tremendous technology transfer opportunity and I am glad to endorse the Senator's bill," said Todd Christenson, President and CTO of HT MicroAnalytical, Inc. "Quite possibly this type of legislation would also help to foster entrepreneurial attitudes in our younger generations. In particular, if those who are STEM inclined could see an enlivened robust technology transfer spirit within the national laboratories this would be a 'double win' to enhance recruiting of the best and increase proficiency in the labs while also growing the national industrial tech base and economy."
"Aquila is pleased to support the ATTAIN bill. We're pleased the bill recognizes the value of including industry and that the bill provides a pathway for industry to participate in improving the DOE's technology transfer process," said Judy Beckes Talcott, President of Aquila.
"The ATTAIN Act seeks to accomplish two very important objectives," said John Freisinger, President and CEO of Technology Ventures Corporation. "First, it seeks to clarify the authorizations for the DOE to meaningfully enact the Technology Commercialization Fund and the Office of Technology Transfer Coordinator as prescribed in the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPA2005). Second it allows the laboratories additional latitude in how they can engage with their local communities in a substantive way. The ATTAIN Act provides direct legislative support of the renewed emphasis within the DOE on technology commercialization and local communities' research-centric entrepreneurial development activities."
"Senator Udall's ATTAIN Act goes a long way towards addressing the need for better collaboration between national labs, local research universities, and entrepreneurs to help move promising technologies out of the labs and into the marketplace," said Robert G. Frank, President of the University of New Mexico."More needs to be done to streamline bureaucratic procedures to allow DOE greater cooperation and technology transfer with research universities and industry. Provisions in Senator Udall's bill, including incentives for labs to coordinate technology transfer activities with local research universities, will foster greater regional collaboration and spur economic growth and workforce development."
"NMSU is excited about the opportunity to partner with national and government labs to promote technology transfer and advance the engine of economic growth in the local community and region. At the same time we are looking forward to educating and training our students to think innovatively and contribute to the economic growth working with our government partners," said Dr. Vimal Chaitanya, Vice President of Research, New Mexico State University.
"SFCC's interest in tech transfer between educational institutions, the national labs and business has been increasing and we are excited to see the support for this at the congressional level," said Luke Spangenburg, Director of the Biofuels Center of Excellence at Santa Fe Community College. "Allowing our local entities access to this kind of support in our state creates a robust economy that retains higher paid workers. Supporting this kind of innovation, entrepreneurship and job creation is a tangible part of SFCC's mission to empower students and strengthen community."


So, do check out my previous post(s) on Thailand travel series listed below.
"Hey!" said a mysterious voice.
"Who is that? What do you want?" I exclaimed, staring at the closed door.
'Dear, it's been long since you promised to complete my story. Do you have any plan to keep your promise or not?' questioned the mysterious voice.
"What the..?!?!?" were the thoughts inside my confused head!
"Hey! Come on, answer me," the voice became restless by now.
And…I woke up with a start!
I have been ignoring the voice inside my head for long now, and yesterday when I woke up in the middle of the night, I swore to myself I must listen to my inner voice and complete the story of my Thailand travel that I started long back!
So, here I am back with a BANG!
Feeling extremely gleeful about the beautiful experience Kolkata gave us and wishing the same for the rest of the trip, we finally landed at Bangkok after a long night journey. I always had this dream of visiting different places and experience and live among diverse cultures. So, naturally, my first trip to a place out of India is a memory I will hold on to till the end days.
The first thing that caught our eye as soon as we landed was how busy the airport was! The whole airport was equipped with support and security staff who assisted us along the way until we got our Visa on Arrival. The charges for the visa on arrival is 2000 Thai Baht which equals to Rs 4000 odd in Indian currency. Visa was valid for 15days, and I can say without any doubt that we made the most of it in our 14days trip!
Before I start bragging about our adventurous and impromptu trip, let me give out some info for people who are traveling to Thailand for the first time. I know it's boring few lines, but please bear with me fellas!
First and foremost aspect to keep in mind is of course VISA! You can either get your travel 'visa on arrival' at the airport OR if you want to skip the hassle of being held up in the long queue you can apply for 'eVisa of arrival' for Thailand and directly enter the designated fast line for 'eVisa on arrival.' As our plan was spontaneous, we didn't have much time to do all that; so went ahead with the only other option we had which is 'Visa on Arrival.' I say that it is better to get it done online if you have another flight to board in a short while like we had! Also, though you can find currency exchange centres in most of the places, it is always advisable to carry the local currency beforehand. And, last but not the least, do carry a sim card of any carrier service that works in that country. We opted Matrix Services and took one sim card just to make calls and the other that is pre-loaded with mobile data! I can vouch for it by saying, we would have lost our way and be completely blank on what to do without mobile data!
Now that the tiny-winy steps are over, let's get started!
Beautiful view from the aeroplane window!
Let's say the first one hour at the airport was not what I anticipated as we were juggling between here and there in the airport for On arrival visa. We only felt settled when we were out of that long queue that never seemed to end! The airport resembled like an ocean of people at that point. Now that the prime matter at hand which was getting into the country was addressed the only other thing that crossed our mind at that point was hunger! Hunger always finds the best timing to strike; I know for a fact that you agree with me (wink)!
So, there goes our hunt for food!
All vegetarians and fellow ovo-lacto-vegetarians, behold the truth; You can find just a subway joint, coffee, tea, fruits and 1 or 2 desserts (that is if you are lucky) to eat at the airport. Not that there are no food chains there, it is just that they do not use vegetable oil to cook food, which is the case in many other countries. Thailand, however, is a paradise for seafood lovers like my friend Ashok. I, on the other hand, stopped at each and every food outlet in a quest for food that I can eat. My effort didn't go in vain as I found the one true delicacy of Thailand, which is Mango with Sticky Rice. Frankly, the name sticky rice didn't seem like it can be delicious when I first heard it. I took it anyway as I was starving and was out of options then.
The burst of flavours I experienced at that moment when I took the first bite is something unforgettable. My taste buds are kicking in right now when I talk about it. To make you drool here is my try: As I scooped a spoonful this is what came out; a sweet sticky rice with a dash of salt, juicy mango and to finish it topped with fried Petite Golden Lentils (moong dal)! I am afraid that it might not be the best way to describe it, but the least I can say is I tasted heaven on earth that day! With our hearts and tummies satisfied, we went on to board our flight to Chiang Mai, a city located among mountains in Northern Thailand.
But, wait! I am not going to spill all the beans now itself.
Join me on my journey by connecting with me onFacebook | Instagram | Twitter | Pinterest.
Back with a bang !


text:
Miami Grand Prix proposes new circuit layout
F1's audience figures in 2019 highest since 2012
Alonso severs ties with McLaren as he leaves ambassador role
Bottas secures P9 finish in Arctic Rally appearance
Sergey Sirotkin opening karting academy in Russia
Nicholas Latifi decides to use Nico Rosberg's old race number
Race results – Santiago E-Prix
Guenther wins in action packed Santiago E-Prix
Qualifying results – Santiago E-Prix
2020 F1 Drivers & Teams
Drivers Standings
Constructors Standings
F1 Calendar
2020 F1 Calendar
Qualifying report
Testing report
Classic F1
Team-Mate Battles
Home/Features/2020 F1 car launch and pre-season testing dates
2020 F1 car launch and pre-season testing dates
Thomas Maher Follow on Twitter 6 days ago
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Pinterest Reddit WhatsApp Viber
The schedule of F1 car launch dates for 2020 is slowly filling up, as the teams announce when their new cars will be shown to the public.
The F1 teams have started announcing the dates on which they will show off their new-for-2020 cars, with the list below being filled in further as more dates are confirmed.
Ferrari announced their launch date very early, confirming that their 2020 F1 car will be shown off on February 11th.
Renault will reveal their R.S.20 at an event in Paris on February 12th, which will also formally introduce Esteban Ocon as replacement for Nico Hulkenberg alongside Daniel Ricciardo.
McLaren, who, like Ferrari, race with an unchanged driver line-up with Carlos Sainz and Lando Norris for 2020, will show off the MCL35 to the public on February 13th.
Alpha Tauri is the newly rebranded Toro Rosso team, although they will continue to race with the same driver pairing as the end of 2019. Daniil Kvyat and Pierre Gasly will reveal the team's new car on February 14th.
Also launching on Valentine's Day are Mercedes. The reigning Champions will be showing off their new W11 via a shakedown run at Silverstone, with the event closed to the public and media.
Below are the confirmed car launch dates for the teams, with this list set to grow as the remaining teams confirm their schedule.
2020 F1 Car Launch Dates
Ferrari – February 11th
Renault – February 12th
McLaren – February 13th
Mercedes – February 14th
Alpha Tauri – February 14th
The schedule for the six days of pre-season testing is outlined below, with testing reduced to six days in total this year – a reduction from eight in recent years. Testing will run over two three-day tests at Barcelona's Circuit de Catalunya, and is also likely to play host to one or two of the car launches on the opening day.
2020 F1 Pre-Season Testing Dates
19th/20th/21st February – Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
26th/27th/28th February – Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya
Alpha Tauri Car Launch Ferrari Formula 1 Mclaren Renault Trending
Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Tumblr Pinterest Reddit VKontakte WhatsApp Viber Share via Email Print
Thomas Maher
Co-owner, Chief Editor and a journalist for FormulaSpy.com - Ireland's only accredited F1 & Formula E website. Enjoy my work - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/MidcHN8
FormulaSpy.com: Make us your only pitstop for your Formula 1 & Formula E news! With one eye on the track, and one eye on the paddock, we'll keep you fully up to date with all the very latest from your favourite motorsports!
This website is unofficial and is not associated in any way with the Formula One group of companies. F1, FORMULA ONE, FORMULA 1, FIA FORMULA ONE WORLD CHAMPIONSHIP, GRAND PRIX and related marks are trade marks of Formula One Licensing B.V.
Photos by LAT Photograpic, Getty & Sutton (Vladimir Rys, Clive Mason, Mark Thompson, Andrew Ferraro, Steven Tee, Steve Etherington, Charles Coates, Glenn Dunbar & Any Hone) and courtesy of Red Bull Racing, Scuderia Ferrari, McLaren, Renault F1 Team, Mercedes AMG Petronas F1 Team, Sauber F1 Team, Racing Point F1 Team, Williams F1 Team, Toro Rosso & Haas.
© Copyright FormulaSpy 2012 - 2020, The total or partial reproduction of text, photographs or illustrations is not permitted in any form.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Can Dell Inspiron Be Upgraded To Windows 10
How To Add Balance To TikTok Ads Manager
Vimeo Video Is Good For And How To Watch Password Protected Video
What is Dell Data Vault Collector, It's Features and API in brief detail
How To Sign Up Nest Aware, Upgrade and Activate
Dell 23 inch Monitor
How to delete your Instagram account
How much is Google Nest WiFi Per Month
iPhone 15's Glimpse Of Specifications
If you have been able to compete with the teleoperators to get offers: this is what I am talking about with the client's attention.
Home>Technology>Instagram doesn't want you to be on the border: App will show kind notifications
Instagram doesn't want you to be on the border: App will show kind notifications
nwcadminOctober 20, 2022Last Updated: October 20, 2022
Instagram expands the tools it offers users use the platform safelyIncludes improvements to account lockout, new word filtering features, and reminders to be kind when composing direct messages.
Instagram users currently have the ability to block another person's account, and with the latest update to the platform, they will be able to extend that block to any other accounts that the same person has opened on the social network.
it wants innovation Prevent blocked person from contacting user again, as the company states in a press release. The company estimates that, since this is an automatic block, it will be necessary to block about 4 million fewer accounts each week, as stated in its blog.
Another tool that has been updated is one that allows Filter direct messages and comments by words, phrases or emojiWhich has already been used by one in five users with more than 10,000 followers.
Currently, Instagram is Testing its default activation on professional accounts, and have expanded their coverage to the stories' reactions. In addition, the filters have been improved so that they can detect intentional misspellings of offensive words in different languages.
Too Will start filtering Direct Message requests which consists of spam And the scams start with the English language, though the company hopes to expand it to more countries and languages soon.
For Direct Messages, when the platform detects that someone has written something that may have a negative impact on the user, it will trigger Show a kindness notification in the next few weeksNamely, a reminder that there is a person on the other side, so that they reflect and express themselves in a more respectful way.
Instagram has also included a notification for people who are going to respond to a potentially offensive comment. purpose of reconsiderationWhich is now available for users using English, Portuguese, Spanish, French, Chinese or Arabic.
Sign up for our newsletter and receive the latest tech news in your email.
Application Instagram mobile application redis y apps social network technology
nwcadmin
Elon Musk suspends Mastodon's Twitter account
Freeform, the new app that Apple launches for teamwork for free on iPhone, iPad and Mac


The sound of Venezuela is a bright chorus wrapped in the sun's rays. Sometimes it's a voice that lulls you to sleep, like the ebb and flow of the sea. Almost always it's the bigger tone of a happy melody. It is the forest where you dance and sing; the resounding vibrations of the drums, the magnetic strum of the guitar, the hiss of the maracas, a frenzied harp. It's the sound of dances like tonada, merengue, joropo, calypso and waltz, but also a harmony crossed by brasses and the tumbao of guaguancó.
Here, in this corner of the Caribbean, there are many dedicated to converting sound into music. With effortless ease and 'guataca': a unique ear, almost like a super power, these musicians require no sheet music to create melodies and harmonies.
It's called playing by Guataca.
Ten years ago, composer Aquiles Baéz and entrepreneur Ernesto Rangel were convinced Venezuela sprang not only oil, but talent. They decided to build a non-profit dedicated to helping emerging artists gain exposure, especially those dedicated to traditional music. They called it – what else? – Guataca.
Baéz and Rangel knew music and musicians needed space, a driving force and someone to believe in their craft. Guataca offers musicians the chance to realize projects like releasing albums and giving professional concerts.
On Monday or Tuesday nights they held intimate, improvised concerts in Rangel's apartment, a penthouse on the hill of Avila where you could hear toads croaking at night. Musicians appeared with their instruments – guitars, harps, basses, flutes, and trumpets spilling out of the elevator in Rangel's apartment building. They wrote and shared songs with strong, ambitious lyrics.
"The old music lovers knew that something important was happening. Free music cried out for its spaces and it would be difficult to stop it," writes César Miguel Rondón in the prologue of 10 Years of Pure Guataca, a recently published book that gives an account of the movement's long stretch.
Baéz and Rangel created the Guataca Nights concert series. Originally, they were nocturnal affairs, but as Caracas became less safe the nightlife died out and the concerts were moved to Sunday mornings. In a room with warm lighting and a black curtain, musicians alone or in groups sing and play violins, mandolins, guitars and drums. The audience applauds, and everyone smiles.
Those intimate recitals have been Guataca's main task. It aims to share, spread and record this moment in Venezuelan music.
"Guataca has been a form of cultural resistance. It has shown that yes, we can, that we have what it takes. Our path points to the organic in a world where everything is so banal and where apparently what triumphs is the commercial. Venezuelan musicians are a miracle, it is one of those wonders that you have to cling to," said Báez.
Báez had been living in the United States for 16 years before Guataca was formed. The book 10 Years of Pure Guataca begins with the moment he had his epiphany.
Despite the devastating crisis Venezuela has experienced the last decade, there have been many milestones Guataca has achieved like producing, distributing and sponsoring 20 albums. The Guataca Nights showcase concerts have spread to other cities such as Valencia (Carabobo) and Lechería (Anzoátegui). And in tune with the Venezuelan displacement, Guataca has found homes in New York, Miami, Panama, Madrid and Barcelona. Combined it shows a sustained rhythm that adds 200 concerts a year, as well as the Caracas Offbeat Festival, a week-long party where traditional music occupies theaters and public spaces. In four runs, it has gathered more than 2000 artists in Caracas and venues in the Venezuelan interior such as Valencia, Maracaibo, Barquisimeto and Margarita.


The COMPLETE drills database includes the whole range of drills and troubleshooting tips from a beginning level, through to immediate and on to advanced.
Included in this package are some special exercises for specific throwing strength.
Coaches who have athletes from a wide range of abilities.
Athletes who seek a cross section of learning tips from beginning through to elite advanced.


text:
SENTENCING IN KANSAS FELONY DEER POACHING OPERATION SET FOR JUNE 21 AND 24
Pair face prison sentencing, heavy fines, suspension of hunting privileges
WICHITA — On March 16, James Bobby Butler Jr. and Marlin Jackson Butler — both of Martinsville, Texas — pleaded guilty in federal court in Wichita to felony conspiracy and wildlife trafficking charges stemming from the illegal sale of guided deer hunts in southern Kansas. On Tuesday, June 21, James Bobby Butler, Jr., will be sentenced in the federal court at 10 a.m. At 1 p.m., Kansas U.S. attorney Barry Grissom will hold a press conference regarding the case at the Great Plains Nature Center, 29th and Woodlawn in Wichita.
Butler, Jr., 42, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to violate the Lacey Act, one substantive Lacey Act count, and one count of obstruction of justice. Marlin Butler, 36, pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to violate the Lacey Act and one Lacey Act count. Marlin Butler will be sentenced June 24. Charges for others involved in the case are still pending.
The Lacey Act is a federal law that makes it illegal to knowingly transport or sell in interstate commerce any wildlife taken or possessed in violation of state law or regulation. The maximum penalty for a felony violation of the conspiracy statute and the Lacey Act includes as many as five years in prison and a $250,000 fine. The maximum penalty for the obstruction charge against James Butler includes as many as 20 years in prison and $250,000 fine. According to the plea agreements, the prosecution agreed to recommend sentences of 41 months in prison for James Butler and 27 months in prison for Marlin Butler, in addition to fines, restitution, and three years of supervised release during which time both Butler brothers would be prohibited from all hunting and guiding activity.
The case was investigated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, and the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department. The case is being jointly prosecuted by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Kansas and Environmental Crimes Section of the Justice Department's Environment and Natural Resources Division.
For more information, phone the U.S. Attorney's Office at 316-269-6481.
Labels: Hunting, Kansas, Kansas Department of Wildlife and Parks, Lacey Act of 1900, Outdoors, Plea, Recreation, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Wichita Kansas
COAST GUARD CLOSES PORTION OF MISSOURI RIVER
FLOATLINE FISHING SEASON BEGINS JULY 15
LAKE MEADE STATE PARK OPEN FOR CAMPING AND OUTDOOR...
.TUTTLE CREEK YOUTH/DISABLED DEER HUNT SEPT. 10-11...
SUMMER "HUNTERS" DANCING AFTER BULLFROGS
PUBLIC HEALTH ADVISORY ISSUED FOR MEADE STATE FISH...
TEXAS MAN SENTENCED TO JAIL IN CONNECTION WITH KAN...
OPERATION DRY WATER BRINGS FIELD SOBRIETY TESTS TO...
KANSAS PRODUCING WINNERS IN CABELA'S FISHING PROMO...
GOVERNOR PROCLAIMS JUNE 20 AMERICAN EAGLE DAY IN K...
FLOODING FORCES CHANGE IN GLEN ELDER GEOCACHE COOR...
SENTENCING IN KANSAS FELONY DEER POACHING OPERATIO...
FATHER'S DAY FISHING DERBY AT MEADE STATE PARK
CABINS OFFER LAKE-HOUSE EXPERIENCE
LEFTOVER NONRESIDENT DEER PERMITS ON SALE JUNE 15
KDWP ISSUES DUPLICATE LICENSES AND PERMITS
KANSAS WETLAND EDUCATION CENTER PLANS CHILDREN'S S...
FLATHEAD HANDFISHING SEASON JUNE 15-AUG. 31
Glen Elder Youth Fishing Tournament Postponed
STATE WILDLIFE GRANT PROCESS UNDER REVIEW
KDHE ISSUES ALGAE BLOOM WATCH
LOVEWELL STATE PARK KIDS FISHING DERBY JUNE 5
Governor Declares June Great Outdoors Month


Your adventure will begin as soon as you reach the stable, where you will get the unique experience of grooming and tackling your own horse--with the help of your experienced guide, of course!
Introduce yourself to your small mountain horse, a Corsican breed known for being very sure-footed and quiet.
Once your horse is ready and you feel comfortable, your group will leave for a two-hour ride , beginning with an initiation in the paddock if you would like.
On your ride, you will visit the beautiful countryside around Sartene, riding through wild forest and macchia, taking old bridle paths under olive trees and cork oak trees.
The level of the ride is adapted to your riding ability, so no matter how many times you have been (or not been) on a horse, this is the perfect ride for you!
After the ride, you will be brought back to Sartene for lunch. After lunch, take some time to visit the charming town of Sartene by foot before catching a taxi to bring you back to Propriano harbor.
8:30 AM (3.5 hrs) Trip length includes transfer time.
• Although we will pick you up at the cruise ship pier and transfer you to the stable, you will be required to hire a taxi for the return trip. It should cost around 25,00€.
• Lunch in Sartene is not included in the price of this tour.
• A minimum of 4 passengers is required to book this trip.
• The maximum weight for this tour is 220 lbs.
• THIS TOUR IS NOT ADVISABLE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN OR THOSE WITH NECK OR BACK PROBLEMS.


text:
ISHA promotes sports heritage and its members. Our member institutions are an integral part of preserving sports history and interpreting it for the public in an informative, educational and entertaining way.
|A|
|B|
|C|
|D|
|E|
|F|
|G|
|H|
|I|
|J|
|K|
|L|
|M|
|N|
|O|
|P|
|Q|
|R|
|S|
|T|
|U|
|V|
|W|
|X|
|Y|
|Z|
49ers Museum
American Sport Art Museum and Archives
Aquatic Hall of Fame and Museum of Canada
Australian Sports Museum
Baseball Heritage Museum
BC Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
Bobby Orr Hall of Fame
Boston Red Sox / Fenway Park Living Museum
Canada's Sports Hall of Fame
Canadian Golf Hall of Fame and Museum
Canadian Horse Racing Hall of Fame
Canadian Lacrosse Hall of Fame
Canadian Ski Hall of Fame and Museum
Chick-fil-A College Football Hall of Fame
Cincinnati Reds Hall of Fame and Museum
Curling Canada Hall of Fame and Museum
Delaware Sports Museum and Hall of Fame
Detroit Red Wings & Detroit Tigers – Ilitch Holdings
Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
Greater Buffalo Sports Hall of Fame
Green Bay Packers Hall of Fame
H.J. Lutcher Stark Center for Physical Culture and Sports
Harness Racing Museum and Hall of Fame
Hockey Hall of Fame and Museum
Humboldt & District Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame
International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum
International Women's Baseball Center
International Women's Sports Hall of Fame
Kansas Sports Hall of Fame
LA84 Foundation
Lake Placid Olympic Museum
Louisville Slugger Museum and Factory
Mason County Sports Hall of Fame
Michigan Sports Hall of Fame
Minnesota Vikings Museum
Moose Jaw and District Sports Hall of Fame
Motorsports Hall of Fame of America
Muskegon Area Sports Hall of Fame
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
National College Baseball Hall of Fame
National High School Hall of Fame
National Italian-Canadian Sports Hall of Fame (NIASHOF)
National Polish-American Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
National Sailing Hall of Fame
National Soccer Hall of Fame
National Sports Museum (Sri Lanka)
National Sprint Car Hall of Fame and Museum
National Wrestling Hall of Fame and Museum
NCAA Hall of Champions
Negro Leagues Baseball Museum
New Brunswick Sports Hall of Fame
North Battleford Sports Museum and Hall of Fame
Northwestern Ontario Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
Nova Scotia Sport Hall of Fame
Ontario Sports Hall of Fame
Oregon Sports Hall of Fame
Pennsylvania Sports Hall of Fame
Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame
Prince Albert Sports Hall of Fame
Pro Rodeo Hall of Fame
Racine Heritage Museum
Regina Sports Hall of Fame
Rural Sports Hall of Fame and Museum, Indian Head
Saginaw County Sports Hall of Fame
Saskatchewan Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum
Saskatchewan Golf Hall of Fame
Saskatchewan Hockey Hall of Fame
Saskatchewan Sports Hall of Fame
Saskatoon Sports Hall of Fame
Skate Canada Hall of Fame
St. Louis Cardinals Hall of Fame Museum
Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
The Colorado Sports Hall of Fame
The Olympic Foundation for Culture and Heritage
The Patriots Hall of Fame presented by Raytheon
The R&A World Golf Museum
The Sport Australia Hall of Fame
The Sports Museum of New England
Thessaloniki Olympic Museum
Turner Curling Museum
U.S. Bicycling Hall of Fame
United States Golf Association Museum
University of Iowa Athletics Hall of Fame and Museum
Women's Basketball Hall of Fame
World Golf Hall of Fame
World of Little League – Peter J. McGovern Museum
World Table Hockey Association
Yorkton Sports Hall of Fame and Museum
1220 Exhibits
Bluewater Studio
CambridgeSeven
Chicago Scenic Studios, Inc.
Conservation Center for Art & Historic Artifacts
Cortina Productions
Design and Production, Inc.
Digital Transitions
Dimensional Innovations
Dorfman Museum Figures, Inc.
Eos Lightmedia
Go To Nonprofit Solutions
Healykohler Design
Heritage Werks, Inc.
HistoryIT
Ingrid O'Neil Auctions, Inc.
Leila Dunbar Appraisals and Consulting LLC
Mad Systems
Mystic Scenic Studios, Inc.
Nicholas Winton Ltd.
Northern Light Productions
Peter Hyde Design
RLMG
Silver Oaks
Solomon Group
Sparta Pewter
StudioEIS
The Crowley Company
The MediaPreserve
Tour-Mate Systems Ltd.
Wild Blue Technologies
Xibitz
ZB Digital Library
Zeal Sports Digital
Zone Display Cases


text:
The North Dakota Fighting Sioux controversy refers to the controversy surrounding the now retired nickname and logo of the North Dakota Fighting Hawks a member of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), the athletic teams that represented the University of North Dakota (UND) based in Grand Forks, North Dakota.

The "Fighting Sioux" nickname and logo was cited as one of the "hostile and abusive" representations of Native Americans by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) in 2005, although some controversy predates that action. Critics of the name called it a racist stereotype, while supporters maintained that it was inoffensive and a source of pride. Over the years, the debate proved to be a divisive issue. The movement to keep the nickname and logo was led by Native Americans of Siouan descent from both the Standing Rock and Spirit Lake Sioux Nations, UND alumni, sports fans, and athletic players and officials, as well as the university administration for a time. The campaign to change the nickname and logo was led by Native Americans and student organizations, as well as many UND faculty members. In 2008, the NCAA and UND agreed to retire the university's Fighting Sioux name unless UND received approval from both the Standing Rock and Spirit Lake Sioux tribes by the end of 2010. The Spirit Lake tribe approved retaining the name, but the Standing Rock tribe did not.  A new nickname, the "Fighting Hawks", was selected in 2015.

History
In 1999, a bill was introduced in the North Dakota House of Representatives to eliminate the nickname, but the bill died in committee. In 2000, twenty-one Native American-related programs, departments, and organizations at UND signed a statement opposing the continued use of the nickname and logo, saying that it did not honor them or their culture.

Former Fighting Sioux hockey player and wealthy alumnus Ralph Engelstad donated $100 million for the construction of the Ralph Engelstad Arena. One of Engelstad's conditions for his donation was that the University keep the Fighting Sioux name indefinitely. Engelstad placed thousands of Fighting Sioux logos in numerous places throughout the arena to make physical removal of the logo very costly if attempted. The arena opened in 2001.

Retirement of "Fighting Sioux"

In 2005, the NCAA made a decision to sanction 19 schools, including UND, with Native American logos and/or nicknames that were deemed to be "hostile and abusive." The sanctions would not allow these schools to use their names or logos in post-season play nor would they be able to host post-season championships. After an unsuccessful appeal to reverse the sanctions, UND started to pursue its legal options. On June 15, 2006, after consulting with North Dakota Attorney General Wayne Stenehjem, the Board of Higher Education elected 8–0 to authorize Stenehjem to sue the NCAA for penalizing the UND over its Fighting Sioux nickname and logo. In November 2006, UND was granted a preliminary injunction to prevent the NCAA from enforcing the rule. On October 26, 2007, a settlement between UND and the NCAA was reached preventing the case from going to trial. The settlement gave UND three years to gain support from the state's Sioux tribes to continue to use the Fighting Sioux nickname and logo. If that support was not granted at the end of the three years, UND agreed to retire the Fighting Sioux nickname and logo, remove most of the existing Fighting Sioux imagery in campus facilities, and pick a new nickname and logo to represent UND's athletic teams. UND was the only college required under the NCAA policy to gain the support of more than one Native American tribe to continue use of a Native American name and likeness.

On May 14, 2009, the North Dakota State Board of Higher Education approved a motion directing UND to retire  "Fighting Sioux" nickname and logo, effective October 1, 2009, with full retirement to be completed no later than August 1, 2010. This directive was to be suspended, if, prior to October 1, 2009, the Standing Rock and Spirit Lake Sioux tribes gave namesake approval consistent with the terms of the Settlement Agreement.   Spirit Lake voted to keep the name, but the Standing Rock tribal counsel would not allow a vote to take place. On April 8, 2010, the Board unconditionally ordered UND to retire the Fighting Sioux nickname at the end of the 2010–11 season.

The North Dakota State Board of Higher Education announced on April 8, 2010, that the Fighting Sioux nickname would be retired after the 2010–2011 athletic season. The North Dakota State Board of Higher Education voted unanimously on Monday, May 10, to extend the deadline for the University of North Dakota to retire its nickname and logo to Aug. 15, 2011.

On March 11, 2011, by a vote of 28–15, the North Dakota Senate approved legislation ordering the University of North Dakota to retain its controversial Fighting Sioux nickname and Indian-head logo. Governor Jack Dalrymple signed the Fighting Sioux bill into law the following week.  This law was subsequently repealed during a special session of the legislature in November 2011, after the NCAA told state representatives that sanctions would be enforced.

On November 1, 2011, the Spirit Lake Tribe filed a lawsuit against the NCAA in an attempt to reverse their policy against the use of American Indian imagery. The lawsuit was thrown out in May 2012.

On February 8, 2012, it was announced that supporters of the "Fighting Sioux" nickname received 17,213 signatures on a petition that sent the issue to a statewide vote in June.  The university then resumed using the nickname.

On March 1, 2012, in a letter sent to the University, the NCAA reiterated its current policies concerning participation in NCAA championships and stated that the school risks losing the right to play postseason games at home if its athletes, cheerleaders or band display the nickname "Fighting Sioux" or the American Indian head logo. In addition, since "NCAA policy requires that student-athletes, band, cheerleading, dance and mascot uniforms and paraphernalia not have hostile or abusive racial/ethnic/national original references", any UND teams participating in postseason games that do not adhere to this would risk forfeiture of the game and "the NCAA reserves its right to seek reimbursement for expenses incurred". UND thus could have retained the "Fighting Sioux" name and logo for regular season play without sanction from the NCAA, and avoided NCAA sanction during playoffs by not displaying the name and logo for post-season contests.

On April 3, 2012, UND President Robert Kelley issued a statement warning about the negative consequences to UND if the statewide vote in June results in continued use of the nickname.

On June 11, 2012, the naming issue was up for a statewide vote, on the ballot as Referendum Measure #4, to keep or retire the nickname.  A sizable majority, 67.35%, of North Dakota voters chose to uphold the North Dakota Legislature's November 2011 repeal of the law directing retention of the "Fighting Sioux" name and symbol, setting UND down the path to retire the "Fighting Sioux" name and American Indian head logo. Some controversy surrounding this vote arose in the manner in which it was placed on the ballot. A "yes" vote was not a vote to keep the "Fighting Sioux" name and symbol; it was actually a vote to allow the North Dakota Legislature's November 2011 repeal to stand. A "no" vote would have formally nullified their November repeal and kept the original law directing UND to use  the "Fighting Sioux" name and symbol in effect. This nuance was not clearly understood by all voters in the June 12th, 2012 primary election. It remains unclear how many voters casting a "yes" vote actually had the intent of voting for UND to keep using the "Fighting Sioux" name and symbol.

On June 14, 2012, the state Board of Higher Education voted to get rid of the University of North Dakota's moniker and Indian head logo. The university was prohibited from adopting a new team name until 2015.

On July 21, 2015, the university submitted five names options to be approved by UND president Robert Kelley to be put to a public vote, with the names being Fighting Hawks, Nodaks, North Stars, Roughriders, and Sundogs. The popular option of remaining "North Dakota" was dropped from the list arbitrarily by Kelley so that it could not be voted on alongside the other name choices.

Up to 82,000 eligible voters, including students, alumni, university faculty and staff, donors and season-ticket holders, were able to cast online ballots October 19–23, 2015 to select the new UND nickname. The choices, selected by a committee from among hundreds of submitted names, are:  Fighting Hawks, Nodaks, North Stars, Roughriders, and Sundogs. If one name does not get a majority vote, a run-off will be held between the two top choices. Results revealed that there were three finalists: Nodaks, Roughriders, and Fighting Hawks, with the latter topping the first vote, yet it did not receive the required majority. Another run-off vote was required, with Fighting Hawks and Roughriders being the two finalists from the second vote. On November 18, 2015 it was revealed at a press conference held by President Robert Kelly that Fighting Hawks, with 57.24% of the vote (15,670 votes or 19.1% of eligible voters), would become the new University Nickname. Use of the nickname was to begin immediately.

As part of the 2007 settlement agreement between UND and the NCAA, the "Fighting Sioux" trademark was to remain active and retained by UND or given to a Sioux tribe. Trademarks must be used to remain active, and thus Fighting Sioux clothing and other memorabilia remains available after retirement for purchase.

Status
Local businesses are left to decide what to do with their "Fighting Sioux" decorations. Initially, the new nickname has been greeted with booing, so its use was avoided in the arena. Resistance to the new nickname comes mainly from hockey fans, a substantial number of whom attend the games in their "Sioux" jerseys. The new nickname is tremendously unpopular amongst hockey fans. Most fans wear Sioux apparel and jerseys, and counterfeit Sioux jerseys are very popular, because they are no longer produced by legitimate retailers, and many fans would rather have a counterfeit Sioux jersey than an authentic, albeit generic "North Dakota", or Fighting Hawks jersey.  After a year, however, new Fighting Hawks merchandise is being sold.

It was decided that, to retain the trademark for the old name and logo and to prevent others from producing "Fighting Sioux" merchandise, the university must produce a limited series of items known as the "Dacotah Legacy Collection."

A new logo, featuring a hawk head profile over "ND", was approved and were first used on the team helmets for the first football game September 1, 2016. Objections to the logo from die-hard fans immediately followed.

Students at rival North Dakota State University continue to chant "Sioux suck shit" whenever their football team makes a first down. The NDSU president, along with the presidents of the student body and faculty senates, have called for an end to the practice, which they describe as hateful, and coming from a misplaced sense of tradition.

References

1999 in sports in North Dakota
2005 in sports in North Dakota
2000s in sports in North Dakota
2010s in sports in North Dakota
2000s in North American sport
2010s in North American sport
Former college mascots in the United States
Native American-related controversies
2000s controversies in the United States
2010s controversies in the United States
College football controversies
North Dakota Fighting Hawks

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Alex Posmontier is a Philadelphia area based pianist with International performance experience and a growing list of studio credits as a session player, arranger, and producer.
Alex's strong background in classical and jazz has provided him with opportunities such as performing at the Montreux and Istanbul Jazz Festivals, as well as playing alongside notable musicians like Duane Eubanks and Chris Brubeck, among many other Philadelphia greats.
With a heavy gig schedule in 2017 and '18, Alex focused more on his recording chops; working on numerous compositions and studio projects. Besides session work for other musicians, Alex self produced his first 2 EPs, Coast to Coast and Bridges, and recorded piano for the Netflix Movie Candy Jar. His original composition "IDT", off of Coast to Coast, was even selected for the Philadelphia Real Book II (a collection of Jazz works by Philadelphia's best musicians).
Besides growing in the studio, Alex's last few years have also offered him a wide variety of playing experiences, increasing his repertoire to include numerous other styles of music (Top 40, Funk, R&B) making him an even more versatile player and professional.
In 2016 Alex left his job as a web developer at Vanguard to pursue a career in music full time. His dedication to his craft and flexibility as a pianist make him a perfect fit for any scenario, and he's ready to help you with your next gig or session.
If you're interested in hiring Alex as a performer or teacher, send him a message on the Contact page!


Diabetes care market comprises of technologies, devices and therapeutics markets in relation to diabetes. As estimated by The World Diabetes Foundation, there would be 438 million people suffering from diabetes by 2030. Approximately 11.6% of the global healthcare expenditure is shared by diabetes care. In 2010, global expenditure on diabetes was $376 billion. Global diabetes management product market was valued $41 billion in 2012. Sedentary lifestyle and obesity are primary factors driving the diabetes care market. There has been a considerable rise in the number of diabetes cases globally over the last few years. Improper diet and sedentary lifestyle are the main risk-elevating factors. Currently, about 528.7 million people are suffering from obesity, which is a primary reason for development of diabetes in people.
Reimbursement issues would be the primary factor restraining market growth during the analysis period. In April 2013, CMS slashed the reimbursements provided for diabetes testing supplies. Further, third party reimbursements are restricted to the type of coverage they provide concerning devices, diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
Key Players profiled in the report include Glaxosmithkline, Abbott Laboratories, Johnson & Johnson, Bayer AG, Novartis International AG, Roche, Sanofi, Takeda and Merck & Co. Ltd.
"World Top 10 Diabetes Care Devices Market"


/summon fully customized mobs in vanilla minecraft with custom armor, drops and more.
I did not yet came around building this tool, and probably wont. As there already are very good ones around and i can not use villagers in eggs (yet), therefore in other parts of this site, anyway. For now i decided to show you my favorite summon generators instead of hacking my own.


text:
Potential economic impacts from improving breastfeeding rates in the UK
S Pokhrel1,
M A Quigley2,
J Fox-Rushby1,
F McCormick3,
A Williams4,
P Trueman1,
R Dodds5,
M J Renfrew6
1Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK
2National Perinatal Epidemiology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
3Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
4Department of Child Health, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
5NCT (formerly National Childbirth Trust), London, UK
6Mother and Infant Research Unit, School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
Correspondence to Dr S Pokhrel, Health Economics Research Group, Brunel University, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK; Subhash.Pokhrel{at}brunel.ac.uk
Rationale Studies suggest that increased breastfeeding rates can provide substantial financial savings, but the scale of such savings in the UK is not known.
Objective To calculate potential cost savings attributable to increases in breastfeeding rates from the National Health Service perspective.
Design and settings Cost savings focussed on where evidence of health benefit is strongest: reductions in gastrointestinal and lower respiratory tract infections, acute otitis media in infants, necrotising enterocolitis in preterm babies and breast cancer (BC) in women. Savings were estimated using a seven-step framework in which an incidence-based disease model determined the number of cases that could have been avoided if breastfeeding rates were increased. Point estimates of cost savings were subject to a deterministic sensitivity analysis.
Results Treating the four acute diseases in children costs the UK at least £89 million annually. The 2009–2010 value of lifetime costs of treating maternal BC is estimated at £959 million. Supporting mothers who are exclusively breast feeding at 1 week to continue breast feeding until 4 months can be expected to reduce the incidence of three childhood infectious diseases and save at least £11 million annually. Doubling the proportion of mothers currently breast feeding for 7–18 months in their lifetime is likely to reduce the incidence of maternal BC and save at least £31 million at 2009–2010 value.
Conclusions The economic impact of low breastfeeding rates is substantial. Investing in services that support women who want to breast feed for longer is potentially cost saving.
maternal breast cancer
What is already known on this topic:
Low rates of breast feeding are associated with increased mortality and morbidity among infants and mothers.
In the UK and many other high-income countries, breastfeeding rates are low.
Previous studies reported from countries similar to the UK indicate that increasing breastfeeding rates reduces healthcare costs by improving mother and child health.
Use of breast milk substitutes is associated with a raised risk of four childhood illnesses and maternal breast cancer; breast feeding reduces the related National Health Services treatment costs.
Supporting mothers who are exclusively breast feeding 1 week after the birth to continue breast feeding until 4 months could save at least £11 million annually, by reducing three childhood illnesses.
Doubling the proportion of mothers breast feeding for 7–18 months of their lifetime could save £31 million at present value, by reducing maternal breast cancer and increasing both quantity and quality of life.
The prevalence of breast feeding (referred to, hereafter, as 'breastfeeding rates') from initiation to 6 months post birth, has been very low in many Western countries for years.1 There is good quality evidence (see our systematic review2) showing the negative impact of using substitutes for breast feeding on five diseases in children and mothers; gastrointestinal (GI) infection, lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) and acute otitis media (AOM) in infants; necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm babies and breast cancer (BC) in mothers. Other conditions including cognitive outcomes, early years obesity, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and markers of longer-term cardiovascular disease have been associated with the use of substitutes for breast feeding, but the evidence available is not in a form appropriate for robust economic analysis.2
The economic impact of infant feeding is extensive and multifaceted.3 Low rates of breast feeding impact on costs borne by the health service and families, through disease and its treatment as well as expenditure on breast milk substitutes. It has also been argued that women who breast feed make a substantive, direct and positive contribution to the national economy through their supply of breast milk.4 Previous studies show that increasing breastfeeding rates could result in substantial cost savings per year, for example, US$3.37 billion (in 2007) in the USA (of which US$2.2 billion is direct medical costs and US$1.17 billion is indirect costs to include time missed from work and personal expenses excluding the cost of deaths),5 $A9 million in Australia (in or before 1997)6 and €50 million in The Netherlands (in or before 2007).7 The above figures are not like-for-like comparisons due to variation in methods to estimate such savings. Nevertheless, the evidence from industrialised countries suggests that increasing breastfeeding rates could be a cost-saving policy. Interpreting these estimates in a UK context, nevertheless, requires consideration of British breastfeeding rates, treatment regimens and healthcare-seeking behaviour.
The number of women starting to breast feed in the UK has risen sharply over the past 20 years, from 62% in 1990 to 81% in 2010.1 Despite this increase, rates of breast feeding duration and exclusivity have remained low (in 2010, 55% were breast feeding at 6 weeks, 23% exclusively (48% and 21%, respectively, in 20058)), and most women who start to breast feed stop before they would like to as a result of problems.1 ,9 This has encouraged policy makers to set targets and offer financial support to UK health services to implement the Unicef UK Baby Friendly Initiative and other strategies.
The purpose of this paper is to calculate potential cost savings to the National Health Service (NHS) attributable to increases in breastfeeding rates in the UK through preventing the five diseases for which evidence of health benefit is strongest. It is expected that such information will be useful in planning, commissioning and policy decisions related to breastfeeding support services.
The methods of this economic analysis have been described in detail elsewhere2 and are summarised briefly below.
Identifying priority diseases
The five priority diseases—four acute diseases in infants and BC in women—were identified through an extensive systematic process that examined high-quality systematic reviews and large, high-quality UK studies.2 Only reviews and studies that met quality criteria including adequate measures of exposure to breast feeding, formula feeding and weaning, and where data existed to allow economic analysis, were included.
The perspective of the economic analysis is the NHS in the UK. We did not include any costs associated with not breast feeding that fall on individuals, households and/or any other sectors. Data on treatment costs and potential cost savings are presented in 2009–2010 prices.
For three acute conditions (GI, LRTI and AOM), analysis was limited to the first year of life, whereas maternal BC estimates took a lifetime perspective, and analysis of NEC focussed on the baby's stay in a neonatal unit. Where the time horizon was longer than a year (ie, maternal BC), a discount rate of 3.5% was used.10
Economic modelling
Building on methods employed in previous studies,3 ,5 ,6 a seven-step framework was developed (see web appendix figure 1). First, a 'base case', reflecting current levels of breast feeding in the UK, and alternative policy scenarios for each priority outcome were defined and used to assess the impact of achieving potential policy targets. All alternative scenarios were based on breastfeeding rates in the UK. Noting that 90% of women in the UK who stop breast feeding before 6 weeks do so before they wish to,8 we assumed that women who initiated breast feeding could breast feed for considerably longer than at present with appropriate care and support.11 This facilitated the use of varied definitions of breast feeding and the time horizon over which costs and benefits would accrue. Table 1 shows these scenarios. For example, scenario A1 envisaged an increase in the exclusive breast feeding rate at 4 months from 7% (observed in 2005) to 21% (observed at 6 weeks in 2005). This assumes a policy in which mothers who are breast feeding at 6 weeks are given appropriate care and support enabling them to breast feed for at least 4 months.
Policy scenarios developed to model costs and potential savings
Next, the reference population was selected as: children born in the year 2009 for child diseases and a cohort of 'first-time' (to be meaningful for future policy change) mothers in 2009. Then, the reference population was divided into two feeding groups for each policy scenario: breast fed/breast feeding and non-breast fed/breast feeding, using rates derived from the Infant Feeding Survey for child outcomes8 and estimates of lifetime breastfeeding duration derived for BC.12 The differential disease incidence was obtained using the formula: x=s/(br+1−b), where x=disease incidence in a non-breastfeeding group, s=overall incidence of the disease in question, b=current breastfeeding rate; r=risk ratio in favour of breast feeding, and xr=incidence of the condition in a breastfeeding group.5 The risk ratios (or ORs where risk ratios were not available) were abstracted (or calculated) from the primary source, using the most appropriate definition of infant feeding for that particular disease (eg, the time-dependent nature of the exposure and the disease) and were adjusted for confounders including sociocultural factors. The values of these ratios are given in table 2.
Key disease parameters and values used to model breastfeeding scenarios**
The estimated incidence of care episodes was then multiplied by the unit cost of a care episode (eg, hospitalisation). For maternal BC, a cohort of 100 000 women was followed-up over their lifetime, using a simple three-state Markov process (cancer, no cancer, death), to estimate treatment costs. The relevant care episodes and unit costs used in the model are provided in table 2.
Total treatment costs for primary and secondary care were estimated using the relevant UK population for each priority outcome (eg, 788 486 infants in the case of GI) and savings compared with the 'base case' calculated. In the case of BC, the incremental benefit that combines a value of £20 000 per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained with treatment costs was estimated. Lifetime costs and QALYs were discounted prior to averaging. Life years were adjusted by a utility value of 0.71.13 Findings present the potential savings to the NHS that might result from increased rates of breast feeding.
Finally, deterministic sensitivity analyses assessed the impact of uncertainties in key parameters on the predicted cost savings; disease incidence, ORs, unit costs of treating a care episode or disease, discount rate and utility values. Values of parameters were changed one at a time, using the ranges set out in table 2, to identify the impact on costs and potential savings. Life-years were adjusted by a utility value of 0.80 and 0.6713 in the sensitivity analysis.
Current treatment costs
The NHS cost of treating three childhood diseases (GI, LRTI, AOM) was calculated as £75.5 million per year; the cost of treating NEC in preterm babies was calculated as £13.5 million per year and the lifetime costs of treating BC in parous women was calculated as £960 million at present value (table 3).
Estimated total costs of treating five identified diseases and potential savings/benefits associated with increased breastfeeding rates in the UK (£, million, 2009–2010 prices)
Potential cost savings
Increasing the proportion of women breast feeding exclusively for 4 months (7%) to 21% (Policy A1) would reduce hospital cost associated with GI by approximately £1.2 million per annum. Increasing the rate further to 45% (Policy A2) or 65% (Policy A3), would save £3.2 million or £5 m per annum, respectively. The inclusion of primary care costs would provide total potential savings associated with this condition of £1.34–£5.54 million per annum.
Around £2 million per year could be saved in LRTI hospitalisation costs and £0.3 million per annum in general practitioner consultation costs by increasing the exclusive breast feeding rate at 4 months (7%) to 21% (Policy A1) (table 3). Potential cost savings from avoiding the need to treat AOM in primary care is estimated to be between £0.28 and £1.16 million, depending on whether the exclusive breast feeding rates at 6 months increases from the current 7% to 21% (Policy A1) or 65% (Policy A3).
£2.3 million per year could be saved if the proportion of babies fed any breast milk (mother's own or donor milk) until discharge from neonatal units were to increase from 35% to 50% (table 3). These figures suggest that the cost of each neonatal unit admission could be reduced, on average, by at least £30.
Over £15 million, for a total of 313 817 first-time mothers (the annual cohort in 2009), could be saved in treatment costs for BC over their lifetime, if half the women who currently do not breast feed were enabled to breast feed for up to 6 months during their lifetime (table 3). If the proportion of those 'never breast feeding' was halved, and 32% of women were enabled to breast feed for a lifetime total of 7–18 months, the net present value of predicted savings from BC would be over £21 million over the lifetime of 313 817 first-time mothers.
QALY gain
A total of 371 QALYs would also be gained from the reduction in incidence of BC across the lifetime of 313 817 first-time mothers, if half the number of those not breast feeding currently were supported to breast feed for up to 6 months in their lifetime. Given a willingness to pay £20 000 per QALY as recommended by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, the net present value of these gains, when combined with savings from treatment costs, are £23 million, £31 million and £41 million, respectively, for the three policy scenarios.
Average cost savings
For comparative purposes, these results are also presented as average costs in table 4. For example, GI in the UK costs the NHS a total of £17 per infant per year, but potential savings if exclusive breast feeding increased from 7% to 21% at 4 months could be £0.92 per infant per year. The potential savings from NEC could be £77 per neonatal admission per year if the current rate of breast milk feeding in the neonatal units were to increase to 75% at discharge.
Estimated average costs per individual of treating identified diseases and potential cost savings associated with increased breastfeeding rates in the UK (£, 2009–2010 prices)
Table 5 presents results from the sensitivity analysis showing sensitivity. The results were most sensitive to the value of ORs used. For example, the lowest estimate of GI-related cost savings under policy scenario A1 (£0.34 million) was the result of using a higher value of OR than the baseline OR (hence less effective). The use of the lower value of the OR (rather than the baseline OR) yielded the highest estimate of GI-related savings under policy scenario A1 (£1.78 million).
Selected results from the sensitivity analyses for policies A1, D1 and E1 (£, million, 2009–2010 prices)
Supporting mothers who are exclusively breast feeding at 1 week to continue breast feeding until 4 months could save at least £11 million per year by reducing the incidence of three acute infections in children. Additionally, increasing the current rate of breast milk feeding in the neonatal units from 35% to 75% could save £6.12 million per year in treatment costs by reducing the incidence of NEC. If the proportion of mothers currently breast feeding for 7–18 months in their lifetime were to double, a net present value of £21 million savings could be realised by reducing the incidence of BC over the lifetime of each annual cohort of first-time mothers (plus a further £10 million value attributed to QALY gains). These equated to £14 per infant in the first year of life, £77 per neonatal admission and £100 per first-time mother, respectively.
This is the first study to quantify, nationally, the burden of illness associated with the low breastfeeding rates in the UK and potential gains to the NHS (from reduced illness, saved costs and increased quality of life) achievable through increased breast feeding. We made assumptions about a realistic increase in breastfeeding rates, but consider these achievable given that 80% of Norwegian mothers,14 68% of Swedish mothers15 and 60% of Australian mothers16 breast feed at 6 months. In fact, the target rates we have applied to estimate cost savings are lower than those seen in other European countries. While a number of alternative scenarios are presented for evaluation, the mid-level scenarios (Policies A2, D2 and E2) could serve as realistic policy targets for interventions.
Comparison with other studies
Our study adds to the global empirical database on the scale of potential cost savings achievable through increasing breastfeeding rates. In Italy, the difference in treatment costs between 'fully' breast fed (exclusively or predominantly for 3 months) and 'partially' breast fed (complementary feeding or no breast feeding) children was estimated at €160 per infant per year.17 Increasing the exclusive breastfeeding rate at 6 months to 90% was estimated to save US$3.37 billion per year in treatment costs in the USA5 and, assuming a 100% breastfeeding rate, €250 per newborn per year in the Netherlands.7 Achieving an exclusive breastfeeding rate of 80% at 3 months was estimated to save SA$9 million per year.6
By contrast, our estimates were based upon relatively small increments in the prevalence of breast feeding. We took account of rates achieved in other European countries14 ,15 as well as the encouraging trends observed in the UK over the past 25 years.1 ,18 Greater economic gains would be made were rates to increase further. Focussing purely on the five diseases associated with the strongest evidence base increases the robustness of results, but also indicates that the calculated savings may be underestimates.
It is very important to note that achieving the savings we describe does not depend upon persuading more women to breast feed after the birth. Rather it envisages that those women who have chosen to breast feed will receive better early support through investment in proactive, accessible, high-quality services. This is very important because national statistics indicate that 80% of women who stop breast feeding in the early weeks would have liked to have breast fed for longer.1 Our study should reassure policymakers, service planners and commissioners that a rapid return on investment is realistic and feasible, supported by cost savings that can be realised in the first year of infants' lives.
High-quality evaluations of the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of interventions that support women to breast feed longer are now needed. Our findings can contribute to these studies through robust estimates of both robust short-term and long-term effects.
Increasing the current breastfeeding rates is likely to generate substantial cost savings to the NHS in the UK; the actual amounts saved will depend on the extent of the increase and the effectiveness of interventions. While the cost of these interventions must be considered, the potential savings indicate that substantial further investment has a strong economic case.
This report could not have been completed without the input of many people: Martin Bland, Jonathan Bradshaw, Helen Duncan, Fiona Dykes, Lisa Dyson, Kevin Frick, Victoria Hall-Moran, Elizabeth Bateman, Jenny Brown, Hayley Durnall, Douglas Fleming, Julie Glanville, Christine Graham, Alison McFadden, Jane Putsey, Mary Whitmore, Gillian Weaver, Deana Whalley. We are grateful to the peer reviewers of the main report whose generous comments helped to improve this paper.
McAndrew F,
Thompson J,
Fellows L, et al
. Infant feeding survey 2010. Leeds: Health and Social Care Information Centre, 2012.
Renfrew M,
Pokhrel S,
Quigley M, et al
. Preventing disease and saving resources: the potential contribution of increasing breastfeeding rates in the UK. London: UNICEF, 2012.
Weimer J
. The economic benefits of breastfeeding: a review and analysis. Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Report Number 13. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture, 2001.
Smith JP
. Human milk supply in Australia. Food Policy 1999;24:71–91.
OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
Bartick M,
Reinhold A
. The burden of suboptimal breastfeeding in the United States: a pediatric cost analysis. Pediatrics 2010;125:e1048–56.
Drane D
. Breastfeeding and formula feeding: a preliminary economic analysis. Breastfeed Rev 1997;5:7–15.
Buchner FL,
Hoekstra J,
van Rossum CTM
. Health gain and economic evaluation of breastfeeding policies: model simulation (Gezondheidswinst en kosten-batenanalyse vaninterventies op het gebied van borstvoeding: Modelberekeningen). Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu RIVM, 2007.
Bolling K,
Grant C,
Hamlyn B, et al
. Infant feeding survey 2005. London: The Information Centre for Health and Social Care, 2007.
Dyson L,
Green JM,
Renfrew MJ, et al
. Factors influencing the infant feeding decision for socioeconomically deprived pregnant teenagers: the moral dimension. Birth-Iss Perinat C 2010;37:141–9.
NICE. Postnatal care: national cost impact report. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2006.
NICE. Commissioning outcomes framework. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2012.
Liu B,
Beral V,
Balkwill A, et al
. Childbearing, breastfeeding, other reproductive factors and the subsequent risk of hospitalization for gallbladder disease. Int J Epidemiol 2009;38:312–18.
Robertson C,
Ragupathy SKA,
Boachie C, et al
. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different surveillance mammography regimens after the treatment for primary breast cancer: systematic reviews, registry database analyses and economic evaluation. Health Technol Asses 2011;15:v–vi, 1–322.
Lande B,
Andersen LF,
Baerug A, et al
. Infant feeding practices and associated factors in the first six months of life: The Norwegian Infant Nutrition Survey. Acta Paediatr 2003;92:152–61.
Sveriges officiella statistik och Socialstyrelsen. Amning och föräldrars rökvanor. Barn födda 2007 [Breastfeeding and smoking among parents of infants born in 2007]. Stockholm, Sweden, 2009.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. 2010 Australian national infant feeding survey: indicator results. Canberra: AIHW, 2011.
Cattaneo A,
Ronfani L,
Burmaz T, et al
. Infant feeding and cost of health care: a cohort study. Acta Paediatr 2006;95:540–6.
Quigley MA
. Breast feeding, causal effects and inequalities. Arch Dis Child 2013;98:654–55.
Bonet M,
Blondel B,
Agostino R, et al
. Variations in breastfeeding rates for very preterm infants between regions and neonatal units in Europe: results from the MOSAIC cohort. Arch Dis Child Fetal 2011;96:F450–52.
Quigley MA,
Kelly YJ,
Sacker A
. Breastfeeding and hospitalization for diarrheal and respiratory infection in the United Kingdom Millennium Cohort Study. Pediatrics 2007;119:E837–42.
Cumberland P,
Cowden JM, et al
. How protective is breast feeding against diarrhoeal disease in infants in 1990s England? A case-control study. Arch Dis Child 2006;91:245–50.
Curtis L
. Unit costs of health and social care. Canterbury: Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, 2010.
Howie PW
. Breastfeeding: a natural method for child spacing. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1991;165(6 Pt 2):1990–1.
Fisk CM,
Crozier SR,
Inskip HM, et al
. Breastfeeding and reported morbidity during infancy: findings from the Southampton Women's Survey. Matern Child Nutr 2011;7:61–70.
Ip S,
Chung M,
Raman G, et al
. Breastfeeding and maternal and infant health outcomes in developed countries. Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007.
Henderson G,
Craig S,
Brocklehurst P, et al
. Enteral feeding regimens and necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants: a multicentre case-control study. Arch Dis Child Fetal 2009;94:F120–3.
Rees CM,
Eaton S,
Pierro A
. National prospective surveillance study of necrotizing enterocolitis in neonatal intensive care units. J Pediatr Surg 2010;45:1391–7.
Bull D,
Doll R, et al
. Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50 302 women with breast cancer and 96 973 women without the disease. Lancet 2002;360:187–95.
Dolan P,
Torgerson DJ,
Wolstenholme J
. Costs of breast cancer treatment in the United Kingdom. Breast 1999;8:205–7.
Remak E,
Brazil L
. Cost of managing women presenting with stage IV breast cancer in the United Kingdom. Brit J Cancer 2004;91:77–83.
This web only file has been produced by the BMJ Publishing Group from an electronic file supplied by the author(s) and has not been edited for content.
Data supplement 1 - Online figure
Contributors This study was jointly conceptualised by all authors. SP is the corresponding author and conducted the economic analysis and prepared the draft manuscript. MJR coordinated the entire study, took overall responsibility for the work and participated in writing the paper. JF-R is the guarantor of this paper, participated in writing it and approved the final version. FMC, MAQ and AW conducted systematic reviews, assessed and fed epidemiological data and participated in writing the paper. PT and RD provided policy inputs and participated in writing the paper.
Funding This work was funded by Unicef UK. All decisions on study design, data collection, analyses and interpretation were made by the study team, and this paper has been written independently of the funders.
Data sharing statement Most of the data used in this study are publicly available from this site (http://www.unicef.org.uk/Documents/Baby_Friendly/Research/appendices_preventing_disease_saving_resources.pdf).


Wooden painted robot that is a toothbrush holder and teeth cleaning timer. Flip the sand timer in its hand to start the countdown which is timed to tell children how long to brush their teeth. When the final grains fall through the centre of the hour glass they can stop cleaning their teeth and pop the toothbrush into the holder on the robot's back. Available in three designs.


The free schools revolution does not go far enough. Much as it is to be applauded to give more decision-making powers to schools rather than faceless state institutions, the freedom enjoyed by individual sets of parents is limited.
Free schools will take many years to establish themselves. Parents will see little benefit for their own children.
The experiment may have worked in Sweden over the past 20 years, but it is unproven in the very different cultural and social setting of the UK.
We need to find a model more in keeping with our culture and with a longer lasting run of success.
Independent schools have proved themselves to be the best in the world.
In poll after poll parents have expressed an aspiration to send their children to such schools if they could only afford to do so.
Independent schools are charities with an instinct for helping out needy parents. They demand high standards and glory in adding educational value – intellectual, cultural, sporting, and social – to their pupils.
Non-selective and therefore more accessible independent schools are the real engine room of the independent sector.
Schools like my own simply ask what value can we add to the lives of children. If we can benefit them, so the better.
Add to that the dearest wish of the Government not to be embarrassed by the next lot of PISA tables and you have a formula for success grounded in our own country.
The missing ingredient is the ultimate act of giving parents freedom: education vouchers.
Affordable independent education is sprouting up all over the country. Independent schools have developed funding of their own to support families that cannot quite make the fees, but have properly accountable, sensitive systems for assessing need and providing for it.
They can also expand quickly and effectively to demand. The doors are therefore open now.
Families on the other hand will need to make something of a contribution. And here is the rub.
Families with such united aims for their children will stay together, working towards a common and worthy goal.
So empowered, parents will work harder for their children and children will gain from the broad, demanding, aspirational provision that they will encounter in their school of choice.
The quality of parenting in our society at large (another cherished aim of this administration) will improve dramatically as parents see their hard earned cash going into something long lasting.
After twenty years' experience, I have to say that the quality of parenting among independent school parents is exemplary.
I do not doubt that the devil is in the detail. But there is a principle at stake here.
We now agree that education should be paid for.
Universities charge fees and nurseries are funded by vouchers.
What right does the government have only to allow parents' taxes to fund places at a limited number of `free' schools?
It seems to be a constant assumption by the state that it knows best. In education, it does not and never has. In fact the meddling in education we have seen over the past 50 years explains our fast decline into world education's Division Two.
Mrs Thatcher liberated people to buy their own council houses.
Mr Cameron has a similar opportunity to give freedom to the country on a matter which is even closer to our hearts – the education of our children.
*Dr John H. Newton is the Headmaster of Taunton School.


text:
 package org.sparkline.spark

import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.exec.FunctionRegistry
import org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.udf.generic.GenericUDAFResolver
import org.apache.spark.Logging
import org.apache.spark.sql.{DataFrame, SaveMode}

import org.joda.time.DateTime
import org.scalatest.{GivenWhenThen, BeforeAndAfterAll}
import org.sparkline.base.TestHive._
import org.sparkline.base.{TestHive, QueryTest}
import org.sparkline.etl.operators.DropColumns
import org.sparkline.utils.PartitionUtils

class ParquetFileTest extends QueryTest with BeforeAndAfterAll with GivenWhenThen with Logging {

  import TestHive.{read, sql, udf}
  import TestHive.implicits.{localSeqToDataFrameHolder, rddToDataFrameHolder}

  val outDirName = "/tmp/acme.parquet"
  val inDirName = "/tmp/1432684800000"

  override def beforeAll() = {

    udf.register("spklDateTme", (s : String) => new DateTime(s).getMillis)

    val cls = Class.forName("org.sparkline.hive.udafs.GenericUDAFSumMaps").asInstanceOf[Class[GenericUDAFResolver]]

    FunctionRegistry.registerGenericUDAF(false,
      "sum_maps",
      cls.newInstance())
  }

  test("map") {
    val data = (1 to 4).map(i => Tuple1(Map(i -> s"val_$i")))
    sparkContext.parallelize(data).toDF().write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet("/tmp/a")
  }

  ignore("writeParquet") {
    var jsonDF = read.json(inDirName)
    jsonDF = DropColumns.dataFrame(jsonDF, Seq("integrations"))
    jsonDF.write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet(outDirName)
  }

  /*
   * TODO when reading back, why is partitioner not set?
   */
  ignore("writeReadPartitions") {

    var jsonDF = read.json(inDirName)
    jsonDF = DropColumns.dataFrame(jsonDF, Seq("integrations"))

    var outDir = PartitionUtils.getPartitionDir(new java.io.File(outDirName),
      ("year", 2015),
      ("month", 5),
      ("day", 26)
    )
    jsonDF.write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet(outDir.getCanonicalPath)

    outDir = PartitionUtils.getPartitionDir(new java.io.File(outDirName),
      ("year", 2015),
      ("month", 5),
      ("day", 27)
    )
    jsonDF.write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet(outDir.getCanonicalPath)

    jsonDF = read.parquet(outDirName)

    println(jsonDF.rdd.partitions)

    println(jsonDF.schema)

    println(jsonDF.count())
  }

  ignore("partitionedParquetSampleEg") {

    // sqlContext from the previous example is used in this example.
    // This is used to implicitly convert an RDD to a DataFrame.
    import TestHive.implicits._

    // Create a simple DataFrame, stored into a partition directory
    val df1 : DataFrame = sparkContext.makeRDD(1 to 5).map(i => (i, i * 2)).toDF("single", "double")
    df1.write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet("data/test_table/key=1")

    // Create another DataFrame in a new partition directory,
    // adding a new column and dropping an existing column
    val df2 = sparkContext.makeRDD(6 to 10).map(i => (i, i * 3)).toDF("single", "triple")
    df2.write.mode(SaveMode.Overwrite).parquet("data/test_table/key=2")

    // Read the partitioned table
    val df3 = TestHive.read.parquet("data/test_table")
    df3.printSchema()

    // The final schema consists of all 3 columns in the Parquet files together
    // with the partiioning column appeared in the partition directory paths.
    // root
    // |-- single: int (nullable = true)
    // |-- double: int (nullable = true)
    // |-- triple: int (nullable = true)
    // |-- key : int (nullable = true)
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Nivea Whitening Smooth Skin and Fresh Natural Deodorant Roll-On extracts provides day long odour control and gives you a fresh feeling all day long.
NIVEA Whitening Roll-On lightens your skin to reveal visibly fairer and smoother underarms. Its natural ingredients, Licorice extracts and Witch Hazel, reduce melanin production and soothe skin irritations to reveal fairer, whiter underarms. So from now on, there'll be nothing holding you back from wearing your favorite sleeveless dress anymore!NIVEA Fresh Natural Roll on gives all day long protection against body odour and cares gently for the skin and It does not contain alcohol, colourants or preservatives and It's skin tolerance is dermatologically proven.This Roll On keeps your underarms beautiful and smooth.


Pool season is Not that far off, and it's time to prepare your backyard for a little R&R. Before you can hop in the pool, though, you need to get the pool chemistry right. Keeping appropriate swimming pool chemistry can help you save time and money.
Swimming pool chemistry is the balance and levels of chemicals in your swimming pool. The right chemical balance is needed to keep your pool tidy, protect your swimming pool finish from discoloration, and avoid damage to your pool devices.
Before you can check your chemical balance, you need to carry out a website inspection. This will assist you to figure out if there has actually been any damage to the swimming pool that might prevent proper blood circulation or require additional treatment. Keep in mind to tidy debris from the swimming pool deck, patio, and surrounding areas. Make sure that you skim and vacuum any debris from the swimming pool or water surface.
Have a digital video camera for paperwork of any cracks or staining in the swimming pool surface. Sanding pads are essential to check the smoothness of the pool surface. If the surface is rough, it needs to be identified if this is from engraving or precipitation. The pool finish should be smooth to the touch.
Next, check the interior surface. Squirt just a little bit of meal soap into the swimming pool. This will avoid ripples and relax the water's surface area so that you can see into the bottom of the swimming pool. This is an exceptional time to look for algae or metal stains.
If you see a significant flaw or crack in your pool surface, call a pool specialist. They will have the ability to identify the severity of the situation and provide you with a suitable service.
After doing a superlative site assessment, test the water for correct chemistry levels.
Correct swimming pool water chemical levels have a great deal to with the source water used. It is best to do a source water test before even thinking of testing the pool.
Make sure that you have an accurate volume measurement for the pool in terms of gallons so that you understand how much of each chemical must be utilized. Chemical imbalances in the pool can eat away at the pool surface and turn it really rough to the touch. You can use our swimming pool volume calculator to figure out the volume of your swimming pool.
Test for proper pH levels, total alkalinity, calcium firmness, and salt levels. This test can be done at your local swimming pool retailer. To get your water tested at a retailer, fill a water bottle at least 18 inches below the surface area of the water. This will offer you a better sample of the swimming pool's water.
pH has an acceptable range between 7.2 and 7.6. Total Alkalinity must be between 120-150 parts per million. The Calcium Hardness test accepting variety differs for the kind of swimming pool you have. A gunite, or concrete, pool needs to register between 200-250 parts per countless the scale. Whereas, vinyl swimming pools should tape around 175-225 parts per million.
Check the water and check for levels of each aspect to be the in the appropriate variety based upon your test kit. This test will examine and describe any water issues that might occur. If a particular level is not acceptable, make the correct chemical change.
Swimming pool water should be checked 2-3 times per week to ensure optimum swimming conditions. Correct pool chemistry not just keeps the swimming pool clean and sterilized however likewise extends the life of the swimming pool surface.
Accurate swimming pool maintenance will extend the life of your swimming pool's external parts and interior pool surface. Test the source water to check for any chemical imbalances, and test the pool to maintain appropriate chemical levels. A properly maintained swimming pool is much more enjoyable to swim in!
Are your eyes burning? This is an indicator that your pH level is imbalanced. Keep in mind that this does not always imply your swimming pool is too acidic. Have you ever gotten shampoo in your eyes? Most soaps and shampoos are alkaline (fundamental).
Shock your pool in the evening! Stunning your pool is primarily including 3-5 times the average amount of chlorine to considerably raise the level for a short time. The sun burns off chlorine, so shocking is most reliable at night.
Liquify your shock in a bucket of water before adding it to your swimming pool. This will assist your shock distributes uniformly and efficiently. DO NOT add shock through your skimmer!