text:
require 'spec_helper'

describe Sinatra::Cookies do
  def cookie_route(*cookies, &block)
    result = nil
    set_cookie(cookies)
    @cookie_app.get('/') do
      result = instance_eval(&block)
      "ok"
    end
    get '/', {}, @headers || {}
    expect(last_response).to be_ok
    expect(body).to eq("ok")
    result
  end

  def cookies(*set_cookies)
    cookie_route(*set_cookies) { cookies }
  end

  before do
    app = nil
    mock_app do
      helpers Sinatra::Cookies
      app = self
    end
    @cookie_app = app
    clear_cookies
  end

  describe :cookie_route do
    it 'runs the block' do
      ran = false
      cookie_route { ran = true }
      expect(ran).to be true
    end

    it 'returns the block result' do
      expect(cookie_route { 42 }).to eq(42)
    end
  end

  describe :== do
    it 'is comparable to hashes' do
      expect(cookies).to eq({})
    end

    it 'is comparable to anything that responds to to_hash' do
      other = Struct.new(:to_hash).new({})
      expect(cookies).to eq(other)
    end
  end

  describe :[] do
    it 'allows access to request cookies' do
      expect(cookies("foo=bar")["foo"]).to eq("bar")
    end

    it 'takes symbols as keys' do
      expect(cookies("foo=bar")[:foo]).to eq("bar")
    end

    it 'returns nil for missing keys' do
      expect(cookies("foo=bar")['bar']).to be_nil
    end

    it 'allows access to response cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        response.set_cookie 'foo', 'bar'
        cookies['foo']
      end).to eq('bar')
    end

    it 'favors response cookies over request cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        response.set_cookie 'foo', 'baz'
        cookies['foo']
      end).to eq('baz')
    end

    it 'takes the last value for response cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        response.set_cookie 'foo', 'bar'
        response.set_cookie 'foo', 'baz'
        cookies['foo']
      end).to eq('baz')
    end
  end

  describe :[]= do
    it 'sets cookies to httponly' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        response['Set-Cookie'].lines.detect { |l| l.start_with? 'foo=' }
      end).to include('HttpOnly')
    end

    it 'sets domain to nil if localhost' do
      @headers = {'HTTP_HOST' => 'localhost'}
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        response['Set-Cookie']
      end).not_to include("domain")
    end

    it 'sets the domain' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        response['Set-Cookie'].lines.detect { |l| l.start_with? 'foo=' }
      end).to include('domain=example.org')
    end

    it 'sets path to / by default' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        response['Set-Cookie'].lines.detect { |l| l.start_with? 'foo=' }
      end).to include('path=/')
    end

    it 'sets path to the script_name if app is nested' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        request.script_name = '/foo'
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        response['Set-Cookie'].lines.detect { |l| l.start_with? 'foo=' }
      end).to include('path=/foo')
    end

    it 'sets a cookie' do
      cookie_route { cookies['foo'] = 'bar' }
      expect(cookie_jar['foo']).to eq('bar')
    end

    it 'adds a value to the cookies hash' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies['foo']
      end).to eq('bar')
    end
  end

  describe :assoc do
    it 'behaves like Hash#assoc' do
      cookies('foo=bar').assoc('foo') == ['foo', 'bar']
    end
  end if Hash.method_defined? :assoc

  describe :clear do
    it 'removes request cookies from cookies hash' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      expect(jar['foo']).to eq('bar')
      jar.clear
      expect(jar['foo']).to be_nil
    end

    it 'removes response cookies from cookies hash' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.clear
        cookies['foo']
      end).to be_nil
    end

    it 'expires existing cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route("foo=bar") do
        cookies.clear
        response['Set-Cookie']
      end).to include("foo=;", "expires=", "1970 00:00:00")
    end
  end

  describe :compare_by_identity? do
    it { expect(cookies).not_to be_compare_by_identity }
  end

  describe :default do
    it { expect(cookies.default).to be_nil }
  end

  describe :default_proc do
    it { expect(cookies.default_proc).to be_nil }
  end

  describe :delete do
    it 'removes request cookies from cookies hash' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      expect(jar['foo']).to eq('bar')
      jar.delete 'foo'
      expect(jar['foo']).to be_nil
    end

    it 'removes response cookies from cookies hash' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.delete 'foo'
        cookies['foo']
      end).to be_nil
    end

    it 'expires existing cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route("foo=bar") do
        cookies.delete 'foo'
        response['Set-Cookie']
      end).to include("foo=;", "expires=", "1970 00:00:00")
    end

    it 'honours the app cookie_options' do
      @cookie_app.class_eval do
        set :cookie_options, {
          :path => '/foo',
          :domain => 'bar.com',
          :secure => true,
          :httponly => true
        }
      end
      cookie_header = cookie_route("foo=bar") do
        cookies.delete 'foo'
        response['Set-Cookie']
      end
      expect(cookie_header).to include("path=/foo;", "domain=bar.com;", "secure;", "HttpOnly")
    end

    it 'does not touch other cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route("foo=bar", "bar=baz") do
        cookies.delete 'foo'
        cookies['bar']
      end).to eq('baz')
    end

    it 'returns the previous value for request cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route("foo=bar") do
        cookies.delete "foo"
      end).to eq("bar")
    end

    it 'returns the previous value for response cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.delete "foo"
      end).to eq("bar")
    end

    it 'returns nil for non-existing cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route { cookies.delete("foo") }).to be_nil
    end
  end

  describe :delete_if do
    it 'deletes cookies that match the block' do
      expect(cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies['bar'] = 'baz'
        cookies['baz'] = 'foo'
        cookies.delete_if { |*a| a.include? 'bar' }
        cookies.values_at 'foo', 'bar', 'baz'
      end).to eq([nil, nil, 'foo'])
    end
  end

  describe :each do
    it 'loops through cookies' do
      keys = []
      foo  = nil
      bar  = nil

      cookie_route('foo=bar', 'bar=baz') do
        cookies.each do |key, value|
          foo = value if key == 'foo'
          bar = value if key == 'bar'
          keys << key
        end
      end

      expect(keys.sort).to eq(['bar', 'foo'])
      expect(foo).to eq('bar')
      expect(bar).to eq('baz')
    end

    it 'favors response over request cookies' do
      seen = false
      key = nil
      value = nil
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies[:foo] = 'baz'
        cookies.each do |k,v|
          key = k
          value = v
        end
      end
      expect(key).to eq('foo')
      expect(value).to eq('baz')
      expect(seen).to eq(false)
    end

    it 'does not loop through deleted cookies' do
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies.delete :foo
        cookies.each { fail }
      end
    end

    it 'returns an enumerator' do
      keys = []
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        enum = cookies.each
        enum.each { |key, value| keys << key }
      end
      keys.each{ |key| expect(key).to eq('foo')}
    end
  end

  describe :each_key do
    it 'loops through cookies' do
      keys = []

      cookie_route('foo=bar', 'bar=baz') do
        cookies.each_key do |key|
          keys << key
        end
      end

      expect(keys.sort).to eq(['bar', 'foo'])
    end

    it 'only yields keys once' do
      seen = false
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies[:foo] = 'baz'
      end
      expect(seen).to eq(false)
    end

    it 'does not loop through deleted cookies' do
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies.delete :foo
        cookies.each_key { fail }
      end
    end

    it 'returns an enumerator' do
      keys = []
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        enum = cookies.each_key
        enum.each { |key|  keys << key }
      end
      keys.each{ |key| expect(key).to eq('foo')}
    end
  end

  describe :each_pair do
    it 'loops through cookies' do
      keys = []
      foo  = nil
      bar  = nil

      cookie_route('foo=bar', 'bar=baz') do
        cookies.each_pair do |key, value|
          foo = value if key == 'foo'
          bar = value if key == 'bar'
          keys << key
        end
      end

      expect(keys.sort).to eq(['bar', 'foo'])
      expect(foo).to eq('bar')
      expect(bar).to eq('baz')
    end

    it 'favors response over request cookies' do
      seen = false
      key = nil
      value = nil
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies[:foo] = 'baz'
        cookies.each_pair do |k, v|
          key = k
          value = v
        end
      end
      expect(key).to eq('foo')
      expect(value).to eq('baz')
      expect(seen).to eq(false)
    end

    it 'does not loop through deleted cookies' do
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies.delete :foo
        cookies.each_pair { fail }
      end
    end

    it 'returns an enumerator' do
      keys = []
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        enum = cookies.each_pair
        enum.each { |key, value| keys << key }
      end
      keys.each{ |key| expect(key).to eq('foo')}
    end
  end

  describe :each_value do
    it 'loops through cookies' do
      values = []

      cookie_route('foo=bar', 'bar=baz') do
        cookies.each_value do |value|
          values << value
        end
      end

      expect(values.sort).to eq(['bar', 'baz'])
    end

    it 'favors response over request cookies' do
      value = nil
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies[:foo] = 'baz'
        cookies.each_value do |v|
          value = v
        end
      end
      expect(value).to eq('baz')
    end

    it 'does not loop through deleted cookies' do
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies.delete :foo
        cookies.each_value { fail }
      end
    end

    it 'returns an enumerator' do
      enum = nil
      cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        enum = cookies.each_value
      end
      enum.each { |value| expect(value).to eq('bar') }
    end
  end

  describe :empty? do
    it 'returns true if there are no cookies' do
      expect(cookies).to be_empty
    end

    it 'returns false if there are request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar')).not_to be_empty
    end

    it 'returns false if there are response cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.empty?
      end).to be false
    end

    it 'becomes true if response cookies are removed' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.delete :foo
        cookies.empty?
      end).to be true
    end

    it 'becomes true if request cookies are removed' do
      expect(cookie_route('foo=bar') do
        cookies.delete :foo
        cookies.empty?
      end).to be_truthy
    end

    it 'becomes true after clear' do
      expect(cookie_route('foo=bar', 'bar=baz') do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.clear
        cookies.empty?
      end).to be_truthy
    end
  end

  describe :fetch do
    it 'returns values from request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').fetch('foo')).to eq('bar')
    end

    it 'returns values from response cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.fetch('foo')
      end).to eq('bar')
    end

    it 'favors response over request cookies' do
      expect(cookie_route('foo=baz') do
        cookies['foo'] = 'bar'
        cookies.fetch('foo')
      end).to eq('bar')
    end

    it 'raises an exception if key does not exist' do
      error = if defined? JRUBY_VERSION
        IndexError
      else
        KeyError
      end
      expect { cookies.fetch('foo') }.to raise_exception(error)
    end

    it 'returns the block result if missing' do
      expect(cookies.fetch('foo') { 'bar' }).to eq('bar')
    end
  end

  describe :flatten do
    it { expect(cookies('foo=bar').flatten).to eq({'foo' => 'bar'}.flatten) }
  end if Hash.method_defined? :flatten

  describe :has_key? do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar')).to have_key('foo')
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar['foo'] = 'bar'
      expect(jar).to have_key(:foo)
    end

    it 'does not use deleted cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.delete :foo
      expect(jar).not_to have_key('foo')
    end
  end

  describe :has_value? do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar')).to have_value('bar')
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar[:foo] = 'bar'
      expect(jar).to have_value('bar')
    end

    it 'does not use deleted cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.delete :foo
      expect(jar).not_to have_value('bar')
    end
  end

  describe :include? do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar')).to include('foo')
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar['foo'] = 'bar'
      expect(jar).to include(:foo)
    end

    it 'does not use deleted cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.delete :foo
      expect(jar).not_to include('foo')
    end
  end

  describe :keep_if do
    it 'removes entries' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz')
      jar.keep_if { |*args| args == ['bar', 'baz'] }
      expect(jar).to eq({'bar' => 'baz'})
    end
  end

  describe :key do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').key('bar')).to eq('foo')
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar['foo'] = 'bar'
      expect(jar.key('bar')).to eq('foo')
    end

    it 'returns nil when missing' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').key('baz')).to be_nil
    end
  end

  describe :key? do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').key?('foo')).to be true
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar['foo'] = 'bar'
      expect(jar.key?(:foo)).to be true
    end

    it 'does not use deleted cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.delete :foo
      expect(jar.key?('foo')).to be false
    end
  end

  describe :keys do
    it { expect(cookies('foo=bar').keys).to eq(['foo']) }
  end

  describe :length do
    it { expect(cookies.length).to eq(0) }
    it { expect(cookies('foo=bar').length).to eq(1) }
  end

  describe :member? do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').member?('foo')).to be true
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar['foo'] = 'bar'
      expect(jar.member?(:foo)).to be true
    end

    it 'does not use deleted cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.delete :foo
      expect(jar.member?('foo')).to be false
    end
  end

  describe :merge do
    it 'is mergable with a hash' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').merge(:bar => :baz)).to eq({"foo" => "bar", :bar => :baz})
    end

    it 'does not create cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.merge(:bar => 'baz')
      expect(jar).not_to include(:bar)
    end

    it 'takes a block for conflict resolution' do
      update = {'foo' => 'baz', 'bar' => 'baz'}
      merged = cookies('foo=bar').merge(update) do |key, old, other|
        expect(key).to   eq('foo')
        expect(old).to   eq('bar')
        expect(other).to eq('baz')
        'foo'
      end
      expect(merged['foo']).to eq('foo')
    end
  end

  describe :merge! do
    it 'creates cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.merge! :bar => 'baz'
      expect(jar).to include('bar')
    end

    it 'overrides existing values' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.merge! :foo => "baz"
      expect(jar["foo"]).to eq("baz")
    end

    it 'takes a block for conflict resolution' do
      update = {'foo' => 'baz', 'bar' => 'baz'}
      jar    = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.merge!(update) do |key, old, other|
        expect(key).to   eq('foo')
        expect(old).to   eq('bar')
        expect(other).to eq('baz')
        'foo'
      end
      expect(jar['foo']).to eq('foo')
    end
  end

  describe :rassoc do
    it 'behaves like Hash#assoc' do
      cookies('foo=bar').rassoc('bar') == ['foo', 'bar']
    end
  end if Hash.method_defined? :rassoc

  describe :reject do
    it 'removes entries from new hash' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz')
      sub = jar.reject { |*args| args == ['bar', 'baz'] }
      expect(sub).to eq({'foo' => 'bar'})
      expect(jar['bar']).to eq('baz')
    end
  end

  describe :reject! do
    it 'removes entries' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz')
      jar.reject! { |*args| args == ['bar', 'baz'] }
      expect(jar).to eq({'foo' => 'bar'})
    end
  end

  describe :replace do
    it 'replaces entries' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz')
      jar.replace 'foo' => 'baz', 'baz' => 'bar'
      expect(jar).to eq({'foo' => 'baz', 'baz' => 'bar'})
    end
  end

  describe :set do
    it 'sets a cookie' do
      cookie_route { cookies.set('foo', value: 'bar') }
      expect(cookie_jar['foo']).to eq('bar')
    end

    it 'sets a cookie with HttpOnly' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        request.script_name = '/foo'
        cookies.set('foo', value: 'bar', httponly: true)
        response['Set-Cookie'].lines.detect { |l| l.start_with? 'foo=' }
      end).to include('HttpOnly')
    end

    it 'sets a cookie without HttpOnly' do
      expect(cookie_route do
        request.script_name = '/foo'
        cookies.set('foo', value: 'bar', httponly: false)
        response['Set-Cookie'].lines.detect { |l| l.start_with? 'foo=' }
      end).not_to include('HttpOnly')
    end
  end

  describe :select do
    it 'removes entries from new hash' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz')
      sub = jar.select { |*args| args != ['bar', 'baz'] }
      expect(sub).to eq({'foo' => 'bar'}.select { true })
      expect(jar['bar']).to eq('baz')
    end
  end

  describe :select! do
    it 'removes entries' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz')
      jar.select! { |*args| args != ['bar', 'baz'] }
      expect(jar).to eq({'foo' => 'bar'})
    end
  end if Hash.method_defined? :select!

  describe :shift do
    it 'removes from the hash' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      expect(jar.shift).to eq(['foo', 'bar'])
      expect(jar).not_to include('bar')
    end
  end

  describe :size do
    it { expect(cookies.size).to eq(0) }
    it { expect(cookies('foo=bar').size).to eq(1) }
  end

  describe :update do
    it 'creates cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.update :bar => 'baz'
      expect(jar).to include('bar')
    end

    it 'overrides existing values' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.update :foo => "baz"
      expect(jar["foo"]).to eq("baz")
    end

    it 'takes a block for conflict resolution' do
      merge = {'foo' => 'baz', 'bar' => 'baz'}
      jar   = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.update(merge) do |key, old, other|
        expect(key).to   eq('foo')
        expect(old).to   eq('bar')
        expect(other).to eq('baz')
        'foo'
      end
      expect(jar['foo']).to eq('foo')
    end
  end

  describe :value? do
    it 'checks request cookies' do
      expect(cookies('foo=bar').value?('bar')).to be true
    end

    it 'checks response cookies' do
      jar = cookies
      jar[:foo] = 'bar'
      expect(jar.value?('bar')).to be true
    end

    it 'does not use deleted cookies' do
      jar = cookies('foo=bar')
      jar.delete :foo
      expect(jar.value?('bar')).to be false
    end
  end

  describe :values do
    it { expect(cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz').values.sort).to eq(['bar', 'baz']) }
  end

  describe :values_at do
    it { expect(cookies('foo=bar', 'bar=baz').values_at('foo')).to eq(['bar']) }
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Q: When copying code, U+00a0 (nbsp) characters creating problem with VS Code In my Ubuntu machine recently i have installed vs code. But when i try to paste any code copied from php.net website all the spaces and tabs are replaced by "U+00a0 (nbsp) characters"
It looks like this
Currently i'm doing: using Regular Expression (.*) and search for the unicode character with regex [\xa0] and replace by space. Can anyone suggest me how to solve this problem.

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text:
Saghar Nizami (1905–1983), also known as Samad Yar Khan, was an Indian poet and writer of ghazal and nazm in Urdu. He was one of the earliest disciples of Seemab Akbarabadi (1882–1951) and was a recipient of the third highest Indian honour of the Padma Bhushan, in 1969, for his contributions to literature.

Biography
Saghar Nizami was born in Aligarh on 21 December 1905. His father, Sardar Ahmed Yar Khan, was a medical doctor in the service of the British government of India. He was a recipient of the Padma Bhushan Award (1969) and the Ghalib Award (1982).

Literary career
From 1923 to 1932 he edited Paimana, a monthly magazine published by his teacher in Agra. In 1933 he shifted to Meerut and founded Adabi Markaz, a publishing house which, in its very first year of operation, introduced Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi to the Urdu literary world by publishing Tullu (Dawn), the latter's first collection of poems. Years later, Yusuf Hussain, Editor of Nairang e Khayal was to class Ahsan Danish, Saghar Nizami and Mehr Lal Soni Zia Fatehabadi as the three bright stars (of Urdu poetry) of the modern era.

During his lifetime he published six collections of ghazals and nazms: Subuhi (1934), Badah e mashriq (1934), Kahkashaan (1934), Rangmahal (1943), Mauj e saahil (1949) and Nehrunama (1967). His collected works, Kuliat e Saghar Nizami, were published in three volumes by Modern Publishing House, Delhi between 1999 and 2001.

An appraisal of the works, life and personality of Saghar Nizami titled - Saghar Nizami — Fan aur shakhsiyat ma'a kalam written by Zamir Ali Khan was published in 1985; this book also contains his selected ghazals and nazms. In his article titled Two Anarkalis: Saghar Nizami's Dream Drama and the Deconstruction of the Parsi Theatre Afroz Taj compares Nizami's play Anarkali to the earlier play of the same name by Imtiyaz Ali Taj.

Just as Kundan Lal Saigal had done for Seemab Akbarabadi so did Master Madan (1923–1942) by singing Yoon na reh reh kar hamen tersaaiye and Hairat se tak raha hai jahan e wafa mujhe, the two ghazals written by Saghar Nizami, made Saghar Nizami well known; the music for these ghazals was composed by Pandit Amarnath.

Bibliography
 Subuhi (1934)
 Badah e Mashriq (1934)
 Kahkashaan (1934)
 Rangmahal (1943)
 Mauj e saahil (1949)
 Nehrunama (1967)

References

Urdu-language poets from India
1905 births
1983 deaths
20th-century Indian Muslims
Muslim poets
People from Aligarh
20th-century Indian poets
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
Indian male poets
Poets from Uttar Pradesh
20th-century Indian male writers

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We've been moving house. Ware the tea-packing!
Veteran readers will recall our move of 2007 - being graduate students, we're nomadic. However, being (nearly) graduated means that this time our move is to more permanent digs. In the current economic climate, we consider ourselves fortunate to have been able to buy a house nearby, and it is reason to be thankful indeed.
On the down side, I now have a lawn that needs cutting.
Moving house was a great opportunity to take stock of the state of our tea collection, and I made several pleasant discoveries - including a pair of Changtai cakes that I don't recognise, nor recall ever seeing before. Mystery bingcha!
The contents of the box shown above made me smile, as it highlights the effect of the tea community in action. The green-and-white Changtai cake on the left was a gift from Phyll, Dictator of Mars, which remains one of my favourites. The Glenmorangie tube contains some lovely 1990s Red Blossom maocha, courtesy of the board of trustees of the Davelcorp Foundation. The wooden box contains various sweet maocha from the mighty TA, while the little blue-rimmed plastic container at the bottom contains 1960s Guangyungong from the eternally-generous Nada. Underneath Phyll's Changtai cake is the little Maison des Trois Thes "Mengkuxue" xiaobing, also from Nada. The red box, pictured centre, contains a smooth 14-year shupu from my wife's hometown, while the little shrink-wrapped purple packet above it is some SFTGFOP Nilgiri tea from my Nilgirian friend and colleague SS, brought back from a recent trip home to see his family. I was thrilled to discover that the Balvenie tube contains a secret supply of my favourite hongcha (Yunnan Sourcing's 2005 "Aged Just Enough" dianhong) from tea-tastrix CB!
My dear wife reads the Half-Dipper from time to time, so I had rather hoped she wouldn't see this photograph of exactly how large our tea collection has become.
Images added to 2005 Mengku Chengguan "Qingchengfeng".
2005 Mingxiang Yayuan - Hailanghao "Motian Yinhao"
This is a cake kindly bought by proxy, by Nada. I didn't see this one on Nadacha, however.
You know by now how much I like Hailanghao, it being reliable and fairly priced. This cake is a chubby chappy.
"Motian" literally means "reach heaven", but is the word also used for "skyscraper". I do love the poetic nature of Chinese. "I work in a reach-heaven." It sounds almost tolerable.
"Yinhao" is "silver fur", referring to the young tip leaves, pictured below. This cake has a sufficient number of dark leaves in its blend to keep me happy - I'm not usually one for enjoying cakes made purely of buds, as they are a touch simplistic for all their creamy flavours.
Surprisingly enough, the aroma is complex - I have enjoyed this tea several times over the summer, and it is always the complex aroma of wildflowers that draws me back.
The honest, yellow brew is really very enjoyable - it mixes grassy, "meaty" Biluochun with honey and mushrooms, and wraps it up in a satisfying acidity that its pure-bud cousins lack.
As the sessions wear on, I notice a tendency towards green roughness, which I usually associate with plantation leaves. At this stage, it pays to back off and not push too hard.
Thanks to Nada for identifying this friendly, enjoyable tea. It is one of the few yinhao teas that I have found appealing, primarily due to its blend of darker leaves.
2006 Yongde "Ziyu Shengtai Gushu"
This is sold as "2006 Yongde Organic Mangfei" at Yunnan Sourcing, and I apparently bought this for $18 back in Spring. The factory is indeed Yongde, and this is their "Zidu" [purple jade] brand - shown by the pseudo-classical logo at the top of the cake.
Down the left-hand side of the wrapper, the dreaded "shengtai gushu cha" [ecologically-grown, ancient-tree tea]. Though it sports the ubiquitous ATI organic logo, I remain healthily skeptical given the inexpensive nature of this cake. Though it could feasibly be shengtai, I strongly suspect that the gushu content of this cake is not unadjacent to zero.
The rather appalling (apologies!) photograph above attempts to show that this is a high-compression bing (but not too high), while the leaves are generally of a decent size. The blend contains both tips and huangpian [thin yellow leaves, often manually removed].
This cake is a bit of an enigma. I get a different tea each time I sit down with it. First time out, I loved it and bought a cake. On revisits, I have been less impressed - certainly thoughts of potentially buying more have been dispelled. I understand that Scott rather likes this one himself.
We have sticky fruitiness in both aroma and flavour, delivered in a yellow-orange soup. I usually term these "broad and low" characteristics: straw, beaniness, some mushroom. It rings nicely in the throat.
It does have a lot of crisp, clean energy - but it also brews up as rough as a Frenchman's stubble in later infusions, which is surely indication of its mostly-plantation status.
I don't recommend this tea - but it's a close call. The fruity aspects are appealing, and it has some decent punch delivered courtesy of some strong acidity in the finish, but it is ultimately simple and a bit rough.
I haven't come across any other Yongde Factory products, primarily because there are no samples available for them, and I refuse to consider buying blindly. The lack of samples reminds me a little of when film producers refuse to show a pre-release of their film to critics - I get the impression that the quality of the film is lower than usual, and a pre-sample might adversely affect the number of folk that went to see it in the cinema.
An interesting factoid from the Yunnan Sourcing product description: Yongde County is in Lincang, and is apparently where Xiaguan used to get their leaves. High mountains, tall trees, big sky. I think I'd like it in Yongde.
At the same time as buying the 2000 CNNP "Orange Mark" from Malaysian vendor Skip4tea, I took the opportunity to acquire some of its cousin. I have no idea of the formal differences between the green and yellow marks, and so this was quite an education.
This is darker and more tightly compressed than its sister, and is much more tippy. It could be that this is simple difference between the two blends.
No obvious signs of shicang [wet storage] abound this time, and the brew is a crystal clear orange. Unlike the high Menghai maltiness of its sister, this is low and dark in its sweet aroma.
Holy smoke, this tea is soporific. I am almost face down on my tea-tray after two cups. Zonk.
A smooth texture and simple cedarwood flavour make this all about the chaqi, rather than its character in the mouth - though there is a pleasant vanilla ending in the yunxiang [aroma after the swallow].
Weak in nature, probably due to its tippiness, I have to bully this tea with long infusions and large quantities of leaves.
If you live in any of the following locations, keep an eye out!
Just a flying visit with this inexpensive little shupu. I'm not drinking too many of these teas nowadays, but perhaps I should given their warming effect on cold autumnal days.
I think this sample is from RJ, but neglected to make a note on receiving it - danke schone, if so!
This was a surprisingly active shupu, with a good, thick texture and plenty of sweetness that sits nicely in the throat. If I were looking for a daily office shupu, this would be a good candidate, being priced at less than $8 at Yunnan Sourcing. I've never heard of the factory or the brand before, and imagine that this is from the recent "new wave" of factories.
Veteran readers will be long-accustomed to my endless paeans to the 1998 Menghai "Peacock". It is my north, my south, my east, my west, my working week, and my Sunday best. I've chased it across the globe, occasionally settling for its sisters, but always longing for more of it.
Damp wood. Smooth, damp wood. Brewed into a delightful beverage.
You can imagine, then, the immensity of my jubilation on receiving the following envelope from AL.
This, a wet-stored version of my beloved 1998 Peacock - all praise to thee, AL! Let all the mountains and oceans proclaim thy awesomeneity.
The leaves are turning rusted orange, and "golden flowers" are growing on them. (Enlarge the above photograph by clicking on it, and examine them for yourself.) CB has had these identified by microscope (!) and confirmed that they are crystalline, and not mutant killer spores from Dimension X. This comforts me.
Unusually, this tea has very little aroma. The infusions are a classic ruby-red (pictured above) - doesn't that look the very definition of gorgeousness? It is a sultry, pouting classic.
Sadly, the character in the mouth is exhausted, tired, and worn thin. The flavour is super-saturated with shicang (which is pleasant), yet remarkably particulate and granular. Gone is the dazzling damp wood of my old friend. "Hmm, there's not much in it!" says my dear wife, and I cannot disagree.
Even so, copious uberthanks to AL for his kindness. A remarkable comparison!
2003 Menghai "Big Green Tree"
Long-time victims of the Half-Dipper may remember my encounters with the 1999 Big Green Tree blue/black label and red label. As always, CB's immensely deluxe generosity has allowed me to enjoy this more modern example of the 1999 benchmarks for gancang [dry storage]. Many thanks, as always.
Rusty orange-brown leaves and that tell-tale aroma of sweetness indicate that this is shicang [wet storage], which is fine by me. It has a hint of old library, but distant. An old library smelled from several corridors away.
Some decidedly large leaves (pictured above) take me by surprise, being more used to the Menghai spring-time baby leaves.
I get excited by the yellow colour of the rinse ("Yellow! From Menghai!"), but the first infusion turns out to be the expected orange hue. Sticky caramel scents in the wenxiangbei [aroma cup] make this a decidedly pleasant experience.
Young, packed with cedar woodiness, with some underlying Menghai malty oxidation, this has plenty of under-the-tongue, mouth-watering sourness that I do enjoy so very much in young shengpu. A little bit of a challenge to lift it out of the ordinary.
It sprints quickly to a robust huigan [after-sweetness in the throat].
My notes indicate that this is probably the same tea as the 2003 Menghai "Dayi Qiaomu" that we encountered long ago. It certainly feels similar to that description. Punchy, vigourous, yet full of library, this is a good tea and I'm very pleased to see Menghai making more challenging cakes - even if it has been Menghai'd.
As M. Michel sagely observed a while back, "Sometimes it is fun to be 'had' by Menghai."
I met this little fellow in the park, a Songshu [pine rat!].
This 2000 CNNP comes from a Malaysian outfit, Skip4tea, where it cost 63 Malaysian Ringgits. Amazingly enough, this appears to be the only currency against which the British pound has not weakened, and so the cake still costs the 10 pounds for which I bought it in spring.
This cake looks old. The wrapper is entirely knackered, and the neipiao [big inner ticket] is darkened and crumbling like an old pirate map.
Here there be shicang [wet storage].
The cake is quite ragged around the edges, and looks a lot older than its 8 years. As you can see from the photographs, it is made from small spring leaves, with a modest portion of tips. The aroma is gentle, but a trace of shicang is clear.
The immense knackerednicity of the wrapper makes it quite difficult to rewrap, and there is a lot of damage to the cake itself. Then again, it has travelled a long way. I remember being similarly knackered and ragged after returning from the East.
Clean and crisp - it is fresh and well-done. I suspect that it has been in drier storage for recent years, given this crispness and the distant nature of the shicang aroma about the dry leaves.
It's a friendly tea, and very hard to overbrew. In fact, it's very easy to underbrew and so requires a very strong hand: lots of leaf, longer infusions.
Using lots of leaves makes its energetic nature obvious - but it sedates me incredibly. Even after a long, deep sleep, after three cups of this I am ready to slumber once more.
I remember Dr. MA commenting that he found some character of Old Tea about this cake. Though it has some bitterness left, I wonder if aging might just make it a bit tame, as it doesn't seem to have the brutal power or rich content I look for in long-term gambles. Having to brew this tea so hard in order to obtain real character doesn't fill me with hope - but I enjoy this as it is, to drink immediately.
I like shicang, and this is a good example of a cake with only distant dampness - if you don't enjoy shicang too much, this might be a gentle introduction to the genre.
"How about you, Jimmy? You an oak man?"
Indeed it is, and getting redder every time I visit the nearby park.
Hailanghao is nice, too. I'm a Hailanghao man, should such a thing exist.
I had to obtain this cake, simply because it was the very first produced by Mr. Hailang. My records show that this cost a minimal £17 from Yunnan Sourcing.
The wrapper is beautifully naive, and that sums up the whole cake rather well. Pictured above, even the factory name (Mingxiang Yayuan) has only been half-translated.
The neipiao [inner ticket] is a CNNP print. The cake is a charmingly thick, chunky affair, and the same leaves run throughout the pressing. Adorably primitive. It is a far cry from the slick, modern Hailanghao productions - and I love it.
The leaves are tiny (see below), and have a gentle, sweet aroma - though they are tinged towards orange. Given that this is his first cake, I suspect Mr. Hailang has been a touch heavy on the oxidation.
Hoho: straight orange brew. The soup is active and sweet, if tweaked gratuitously, and it presents a fine cedarwood character that warms my chilly autumnal bones. "I like it, it's decent - perhaps I am biased towards this kind of tea", sayeth my dear wife.
It is clean, and manages some decent complexity despite its processing, with a hint of autumnal flowers - perhaps it's a little like Oriental Beauty in that regard.
These young orange shengpu are very easy to brew, being very forgiving. While they might not reach the heights of other teas, a good tea in this genre can be a warm treat.
I applaud Scott of Yunnan Sourcing for keeping the price realistic on this cake - being the first of its kind, and six years old, it could easily have been priced much higher. Its lack of complexity and simple, cedarwood nature prohibit paying any more for this, and it is refreshing to see a vendor credit his customers in such a way.
Warming and comforting on a Sunday morning filled with "mists and mellow fruitfulness", I sit back with a later infusion and listen to my wife speaking hometown dialect with her mother via Skype.
The shadow of impending Michaelmas term looms over everything, like the big flying saucers lurking over the White House in Independence Day. In true Gothic fashion, a storm batters the windows. These are dark days.
In celebration* following a recent interview for a teaching position, I return to a novel treat kindly provided by AL: a yancha bing.
*It seems that when a man reaches a certain age, he feels no jubilation at good news, merely relief.
AL, creator of the delightful Seven Tea Moons (one shown above) has kindly provided a good-sized sample of a perfectly circular bing. As pictured below, the sample comes from the edge of the cake, which appears to have uniform thickness and a crisp circular circumference - this bing could teach Xiaguan a thing or two about compression!
The leaves have a macabre Gieger-esque slickness about them, fitting the Gothic mood rather well. The sample looks like part of a hideous relic recovered from an alien world or a Lovecraftian fantasy.
Happily, the brew doesn't taste extra-terrestrial. In fact, it's a rather rich raisin-like affair. Very clean and smooth, it is a welcome tonic to the End of Days which appears to be taking place outside the window.
I don't encounter a great deal of yancha, though not by design. This was a welcome foray into a part of the teasphere that I don't habitually visit - thanks again, AL.
If the eldritch horrors from unimagineable aeons past drink teas like this, I could learn to Cthulhu fhtagn with the best of them.


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text:
Home MONEY & WEALTH Top 3 Trends Affecting Private Wealth Management
LIFESTYLE & SUSTAINABILITY
Top 3 Trends Affecting Private Wealth Management
By Richard Wilson
The demand for family office quality services within the wealth management industry is pressuring traditional wealth management solutions for those with net worths north of $50 million. The trend of the global centi-millionaire population rising, pressure on the economic model of multi-family offices, and demands upon those offering holistic financial advisory services is changing the shape of the wealth management industry.
Family offices are private wealth management advisory firms that serve ultra-high-net-worth clients. Based on the Family Office Club's 2015 benchmark study we believe there are over 10,000 family offices now globally, and Wealth-X recently confirmed that there are over 60,000 individuals in the world with a net worth of over $100 Million each so this space should continue to thrive. By offering a complete outsourced solution to managing finances and investments, including budgeting, insurance, charitable giving, family-owned business, and wealth transfer and tax services, these offices set themselves apart from traditional wealth management firms. Although they vary in their level of service, most typically invest heavily in consultants, databases and analytical tools that help them conduct due diligence on money managers or optimise a portfolio of investments for tax purposes.
In this article, we'll review the top three trends affecting family offices, including the rapid growth of the family office industry, the types of family office services provided, and the increasingly sophisticated use of hedge funds and alternative investments by both single and multifamily offices.
Family Office Facts
There are two types of family offices: single-family offices (SFOs) and multi-family offices (MFOs). Single-family offices serve one wealthy family, while multifamily offices operate more like traditional private wealth management practices with multiple clients. Multifamily offices are much more common because they can spread heavy investments in technology and consultants among several high-net-worth clients instead of a single individual or family. We have learned from first hand experience setting up single family offices and virtual family offices that families with a $50M or $90M net worth can have a lean single family office setup, but that most single family offices have $100M+ and to have a full in-house team supporting you typically requires $500M to $1B a year or the annual fees to cover that in-house overhead of a team can get too uncomfortable for the family. For example, an experienced family office CEO may cost a family $500,000 a year plus bonus, and if you are worth only $100M, the base salary of that one professional on the team alone is .5% of your net worth. The wealthier the family the more they could have a powerful holistic family office solution in place for .5% or 1% of their wealth.
These high net worth clients can run into a gamut of issues that you need to be prepared to deal with. There are three trends in particular that may change the way you do business with these individuals.
Richard C. Wilson helps start, formalise and manage single family offices for centi-millionaires and billionaires. Richard's community of over 1,000 family offices, called the Family Office Club offers quarterly conferences, training programs, a family office database, and other related services such as executive search. Richard is the author of the #1 bestselling book in the family office industry, The Single Family Office: Creating, Operating, and Managing the Investments of a Single Family Office.
1. To learn more about emerging economies, see: What Is An Emerging Market Economy? http://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/073003.asp
2. Demographic Trends And The Implications For Investment.: http://www.investopedia.com/articles/pf/06/demographictrends.asp

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A Middle Eastern pesto, Muhummara combines roasted red peppers with toasted walnuts, a splash of lemon juice, garlic, onions and the sweetness of pomegranate molasses for a dip that is loaded with heart healthy fats, antioxidants and complex flavour.
One of the things I enjoy most about being in a catering kitchen is the broad variety of flavours that I'm exposed to. On any given week I may be asked to rub, smoke and pull some pork, Memphis-style, whip up a vegan Indian curry, or make a big batch of Muhammara with authentic Middle Eastern depth.
Muhammara is so divers you can use it is a ripe, refreshing dip for breads or veggies or as a condiment with roasted meats, cheeses and sandwiches. This recipe is both gluten-free and vegan for those with dietary restrictions, it makes a mean grilled cheese when combined with a soft, mild cheese like mozzarella or provolone and, it's good for you.
Walnut oil boosts blood vessel functioning and supports "good cholesterol" (HDL) transport and the removal of excess cholesterol from the body. Source: joint study by Penn State, Tufts University and the University of Pennsylvanian. Published June, 2013 in the Journal of Nutrition.
It's barbecue season, so I used the grill to blister and peel the peppers, it's pretty easy to do. Just brush peppers with oil and toss it on to the grill over high heat and let the skin blacken. Don't take it easy on them, scorch the crap pout of them, then toss them straight off the grill into a paper bag or a bowl covered with tinfoil and let them sweat for about 15 minutes or until cool enough to handel. Then the skin peels right off with your finger tips.
Alternately, you can cut, seed and section the peppers, coat with oil and roast in the oven at 400°F (205°C) for about 8 to 10 minutes then let them cool and peel. Same results different method. If it's just too damn hot to cook pick up a jar of pre-cooked, peeled red peppers, drain and start from there. Suit yourself, life should be easy – and tasty.
Roast, de-seed and peel peppers using one of the above methods. Grill red or saute red onion lightly, until transparent, to add sweetness (optional), or dice and use raw. Toast walnuts in 300°F (150°C) for about 5 to 7 minutes until golden, being cautious not to burn.
Once cooked ingredients are cool enough to handle, combine all ingredients except olive oil in a food processor and pulse until smooth. Run food processor on lowest setting and slowly add olive oil until it is completely incorporated. Check texture and consistency, what you're looking for is a sauce that is easily palatable, thick enough to dip, thin enough to spread. Taste and adjust seasoning as needed.
Serve muhammara as a dip or condiment, chilled or at room temperature.


A: There are a few bugs that get into our food products. These are referred to as Stored Product Pests, and they include a number of species of beetles and a few moths. These insects are easily controlled by throwing away the food they are breeding in and using pheromone traps.
Pheromone traps catch the males of the species and prevents them from mating, thus stopping the breeding cycle. Clothing moths also can be controlled with pheromone traps unless the infestation is severe. Pheromone traps are available online from www.pestcontrolsupplies.com, an Albuquerque company.
Cockroaches, crickets and ants can be controlled with baits. Niban Bait, made from boric acid, is very effective against roaches, silverfish and crickets. You can't buy Niban in stores as the manufacturer chooses not to sell it to the public. However, it is available online from the source listed above.
Ants can be controlled with a variety of baits, depending on the species of ants involved. A mixture of peanut butter, jelly (or honey) and boric acid will control most species of household ants. Mix the bait as follows; two tablespoons of peanut butter, two tablespoons of jelly (or honey) and a teaspoon of boric acid.
Place the bait where the ants are foraging but out of the reach of children and pets. Harvester ants, the large stinging ants that make the large mounds, can be controlled with a product called Amdro. Amdro is available at Walmart or Home Depot.
It is always important to identify the ants in your home before using any bait. If you don't know what they are, you can send me some and I will be happy to ID them (or any other bugs) for you. Go to my website, www.askthebugman.com for instructions on shipping bugs for identification.
When we get ants in our house, my wife will put a little bit of jelly in a corner of the counter. All the ants will go there and pig out. After a couple of weeks they just leave. My wife lets the ants live in a certain restricted area of her choosing and out of her way.
Mice are common in homes and need to be controlled. Because deer mice are common and Hantavirus is always a possibility, never use rodenticides to control mice. They can die in an area where they can't be retrieved and the decaying corpse could cause a health problem. Similarly never use glue boards to control mice because a mouse stuck in a glue board will urinate and defecate for hours before it slowly dies, and the urine and feces can contain Hantavirus pathogens.
Always use snap traps when controlling mice in your home or business. The best bait is a piece of Slim Jim. When you catch a mouse, spray it and the trap with Lysol, place it in a plastic bag and dispose of it.
If you are using an exterminator and he has placed poison or glue boards in your home, ask him to pick them up and use snap traps instead.
Spiders, springtails and most other insects can be controlled simply by spraying them with a mixture of alcohol (40 percent), water (40 percent) and dish soap (20 percent). Those measurements don't have to be exact. Put the mixture in a spray bottle and you can kill any bug you see. You will have to spray the bugs directly as it doesn't have any residual capability, but it is very effective.
Of course, most insects and other arthropods are harmless and need no control. Inspecting the outside of your home to determine how the bugs are getting in is helpful. Sometimes installing door sweeps on your outside doors will be sufficient.
However, treating the outside of your home with pesticides is also effective as long as the company doing the treating is competent. This may be particularly important if you live in an area with a high population of scorpions or centipedes.
A: Vinegar has been registered by Sweden as a herbicide. The acetic acid in vinegar kills plants by dissolving cell membranes, which causes desiccation of the plant's tissues. The stronger the acetic acid the better and quicker the control. There are commercial herbicides that have vinegar as the active ingredient.
In fact, some cities use vinegar on city property as opposed to herbicides to better protect their citizens. Santa Fe uses vinegar herbicides to control weeds.
A: You have to use fish oil emulsion that still has the odor. Deodorized material won't work. One supplier in Albuquerque is Osuna Nursery on Osuna near Edith in the North Valley. They told me they have both deodorized and the smelly stuff, which is the one you need.
Other nurseries may carry it as well, but I do not know which ones.
Richard "Bugman" Fagerlund, an entomologist, does home inspections, consults about pest problems using nontoxic pest management, and runs a nonprofit (501c3) animal sanctuary, Rio Grande Animal Humane Association. He can be reached by phone at 385-2820 or by e-mail at richardfagerlund@yahoo.com. His Web site is www.askthebugman.com.


text:
U.S. Healthcare Industry Remains Antitrust Enforcement Priority
By John Carroll & Rachel Guy
Representing a sizable portion of the American economy, few industries in the United States have received more attention from the press, legislators, and antitrust agencies than the healthcare industry—particularly in recent years. Recent developments at the Federal Trade Commission ("FTC") and the Department of Justice ("DOJ") reaffirm that healthcare remains a top antitrust enforcement priorities in the United States.
FTC Chair Lina Khan recently remarked that the agency remains "committed to challenging unlawful deals…in critical sectors of the economy," including healthcare.[1] Khan's commitment is tangible in the agency's recent actions: of the six mergers the FTC has sued to block thus far in 2022, three are in the healthcare industry.[2] Among them is the proposed acquisition of an independent New Jersey hospital by one of the largest hospital systems in the state, which the FTC alleged would—among other harms—leave consumers in New Brunswick with a sole provider.[3]
Both the FTC and DOJ also recently affirmed their commitment to rooting out unilateral anticompetitive behavior among healthcare players. At the ABA's 2022 Antitrust in Healthcare Conference, Deputy Assistant Attorney General Andrew Forman announced that the division now views Section 2 enforcement as a top priority, citing the significant "cost, delay, and burden" that unscrupulous unilateral actors can impose on healthcare consumers.[4]
These issues and more are explored in the newest edition of the ABA's Antitrust Healthcare Handbook, which provides a detailed and up-to-date treatment of antitrust issues in U.S. healthcare and is available for purchase here.
In the 11 years since the publication of the fourth edition of the ABA's Antitrust Healthcare Handbook, individuals and companies in the industry have had to grapple with significant changes, including new laws and regulations, changes in managed care contracting, and a variety of significant economic pressures. At the same time, antitrust agencies have promised to keep up with these changes and continue their robust enforcement in health care markets.
Topics addressed in the fifth edition include:
Thorough antitrust overview, application of the antitrust laws to health care and enforcement and penalties.
Basic concepts and principles, including interstate commerce, market power, monopolization, mergers and private actions.
Relevant markets for health care: hospitals, physician services, health plans, etc.
Pricing conduct in health care industries, such as price-fixing agreements, competitor exchanges and unilateral pricing conduct.
Nonprice conduct in health care industries, including hospital medical staff privilege decisions, and vertical nonprice exclusionary conduct.
Antitrust exemptions and immunities, such as state action, labor unions, and local government antitrust act.
Best practices for preventing and minimizing problems.
[1] Senate Antitrust Testimony 09202022.pdf (ftc.gov) at 3.
[2] Id. at 4.
[3] See FTC Sues to Block Merger Between New Jersey Healthcare Rivals RWJBarnabas Health and Saint Peter's Healthcare System | Federal Trade Commission.
[4] Deputy Assistant Attorney General Andrew Forman Delivers Keynote at the ABA's Antitrust in Healthcare Conference | OPA | Department of Justice.
John D. Carroll is a partner in the Antitrust and Competition Practice Group in the firm's Washington, D.C. office.
Read more about John Carroll
Rachel Guy
Rachel Guy is an associate in the Antitrust and Competition Practice Group in the firm's Washington, D.C. office.
Read more about Rachel Guy


text:
El municipio de Washington (en inglés: Washington Township) es un municipio ubicado en el condado de Poweshiek en el estado estadounidense de Iowa. En el año 2010 tenía una población de 451 habitantes y una densidad poblacional de 4,83 personas por km².

Geografía
El municipio de Washington se encuentra ubicado en las coordenadas . Según la Oficina del Censo de los Estados Unidos, el municipio tiene una superficie total de 93.4 km², de la cual 93,31 km² corresponden a tierra firme y (0,1 %) 0,09 km² es agua.

Demografía
Según el censo de 2010, había 451 personas residiendo en el municipio de Washington. La densidad de población era de 4,83 hab./km². De los 451 habitantes, el municipio de Washington estaba compuesto por el 98,89 % blancos, el 0,44 % eran afroamericanos, el 0,22 % eran de otras razas y el 0,44 % eran de una mezcla de razas. Del total de la población el 0,22 % eran hispanos o latinos de cualquier raza.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Municipios de Iowa
Localidades del condado de Poweshiek


Six young Iranians were arrested for dancing in a video to 'Happy', the catchy track we've all jumped around to by Pharrell Williams. The video made it to YouTube and soon became a viral hit, before the three unveiled women and three men involved were tracked down and detained by police.
In the clip, they danced down streets and on rooftops in Islamic capital, Tehran, following many fans of the song who have posted similar videos. Yet the Islamic Republic have labelled it a 'vulgar clip which hurt public chastity', and those involved were forced on state TV to 'confess to their criminal acts'.
Under Iran's version of Islamic law, women must cover themselves from head to toe, and one of the women involved believed hiding their hair under wigs would still conform. She said the purpose was to show the world that young people are "joyful and want to make the situation better."
More than 10 years ago, a "morality police" unit was enlisted to ensure women conformed, so that they would respect the dress code by covering their hair and wearing loose-fitting clothing.
And while now it's been reported that those involved have been released on bail, even Pharrell expressed how sad it is that it's considered a criminal act. He tweeted: "It's beyond sad these kids were arrested for trying to spread happiness," and when young people are punished for dancing, we would have to agree.
What are your thoughts on Iran arresting those involved in the video? Let us know in the comments below or tweet us @CosmopolitanUK.


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Musings about film and history: The Peshawar Spring?
There has been a lot of euphoria about Pakistan's election results- see for example here. And there is lots to be euphoric about- the extremists have been routed as have the military and liberal democratic parties seem to have won the polls. But lets not get over exuberant. Pakistan still has a long way to go before it becomes a liberal democracy- and furthermore we have been here before with all the parties involved. Both Nawaz Sharif and Benazir Bhutto (now dead whose husband, Asif Ali Zardawi, nicknamed Mr. 10% for his corrupt activities when she was last Prime Minister) had had goes at ruling Pakistan and neither made a particularly good fist of it before. It was under Benazir that the Taliban seized power in Afghanistan, it was under Sharif that they cemented that power. Furthermore both parties have until now, hated each other, accusing each other, rightly, of corruption. We should not imagine such attitudes are going to be dropped.
Pakistan's problems go much further than a one-off election can resolve. Good government is a part of liberal democracy as well democratic institutions. Take one example, last year when the earthquakes hit northern Afghanistan, the effort, as File on 4 (the radio 4 documentary program) found to help many of the poor caught in the tragedy was organised by religious charities with political connections to terrorist organisations. Radical Islam was being spread by aid. That's a function of the fact that the Pakistani state is weak in many parts of its territory. Under 50% of the population are literate and under 40% of women are literate (according to the CIA). Debt is still over 50% of GDP. Its terrifying to think of the prospects for a democratic regime where only 49% can read election literature and in some regions that will be far lower. Furthermore the government to come faces real problems- how to diminish public debt, how to cope with a fall in the US economy (a fifth of Pakistan's exports go to the US, a twentieth go to the UK, so a fall in those two economies could prove disastrous), how to cope with the Taliban and the tribal areas? Furthermore what will any future administration's relations be with the army and with President Musharraf? Sharif was not a success as Prime Minister- and the leadership of Bhutto's old party is still confused.
I'm not saying that the elections in Pakistan weren't a good thing- they were. But lets reign back on the euphoria. Pakistan is going to need a hell of a lot of luck and help and aid to acheive a proper stable democracy any time soon. Furthermore its going to need patience from its allies- should we as Senator Obama reccomended invade to kill militants, then we could risk making any government in power even more unpopular. Pakistan is a vast place. There are areas which are incredibly peaceful. There are other areas where it is less so. Part of the problem for us as Westerners looking at Pakistan is to remember how vast and how complex it is- and also to try and keep sober. Not everything in as disastrous as it seems, not everything is as great as it seems. There are signs of hope in Pakistan, but to turn this into a real Peshawar Spring will require many more years of luck yet.
For a start, they can stop trying to bring down the worl's YouTube on Sunday evenings just because someone drew a cartoon in Denmark.
Tee-hee- weren't the feminists right, sometimes the personal is political!
Seriously for a second I completely agree with what you say- there has been too much hysteria. Yes the election is a step in the right direction- but it isn't a new heaven and earth!


This Saturday Yannie, Kev and I will be flogging our wares at the London Film Convention in Westminster which promises to be a fun day. We will be bringing along our T-shirts, binders and books and of course plenty of back issues to sell. I will also have a stack of DVD World back issues – remember that fine magazine? Hope to see a lot of regular readers there and maybe some contributors too. The theme for this one is The Ladies of Hammer and Bond, and I am most looking forward to meeting Edina Ronay of A Study In Terror, The Black Torment and Hammer's Prehistoric Women, whom I shall be interviewing for a future Dark Side. Martine Beswick and Maddy Smith will be there too, along with Vera Day, Isla Blair and Caron Gardner. And making her first ever convention appearance will be Annette Whiteley from Devil-Ship Pirates and, gulp, Crossroads! It's on from 10am to 4pm on February 4th, and is well worth a visit if you are in town!


I have been containing a "squueeee!" for several months now. I asked one of my favorite local musicians for an interview back in May and she said, "Yes"! Ginger Doss is on tour promoting her new album, From Love to Love, <♫> so we couldn't meet in person. Ginger graciously agreed to converse in email between gigs (and WiFi permitting). I was introduced to her music about five years ago and was struck by the quality — technically and aesthetically — of the sound and the lyrics. I have been a fan ever since. If you are not familiar with her music, I hope this read prompts you to become a fan, too. I've sprinkled in some of her lyrics to give you a taste of her talents.
I consider myself a Universalist when it comes to my spiritual path [link added]. I believe I invoke the divine within myself through unconditional love and compassion. All things are energy whose origin comes from the divine which is pure light, pure love. All energy manifests according to its vibrational essence. Human beings are sacred life experiencing free will and the energy that creates. All religious paths are simply languages we use to understand the divine and there is no one path that rises above another. It is the individual soul that eventually rises according to where they are on their path. I have found profound connection to spirit through Christianity, Buddhism, Paganism, and simply listening to the voice within. I need no church, but I will always humbly enter within.
Were you raised in this faith? If not, how did you find your way to where you are now?
No, I was raised Episcopalian. And the voice of spirit was always strong within me. It lead me early on to ask many questions. I became a seeker and avidly so. I read a lot and learned a lot. But what ultimately led me to be on the path I am on now was my strong connection to spirit. I can feel it when I am learning something true to my soul. And I'm always learning, always growing.
How would you describe the interplay between your faith and your music?
My music is an expression of my being and my being is centered in spirit. Nothing I do can express my connection to spirit and its effect on my life the way that music can. It is the greatest gift of this life for me. Through it I can connect with others, heal and be healed, teach and be taught, reach out and be touched. I am so thankful for the gift of music in my life!
I am most familiar with your collaborative work, the music you recorded with Velvet Hammer and DreamTrybe. There are songs that reference faith observance or practice, like "Come Down" and "Four Directions." Do you still call down your gods or cast circles to connect with the divine? If not, what do you do — besides create and perform music — to connect to your faith? Or do you feel the need to anything else besides create and perform music to feel that connection?
I believe the divine is found in all practices approached in a sacred manner and with a heart of pure intent. I wrote "Four Directions" after one experience with a medicine wheel and "Come Down" is a yearning to be close to what always seemed to invisible. My spiritual practice primary includes meditation and prayer, and always has. And now I try to live in careful awareness of my thoughts and actions and align myself with the divine; the constant stream of evolutionary energy which flows through all of creation. I can feel it when I live in alignment with this flow or not. My emotional, physical and mental well being act as my guide. When I am out of line I return by using meditation to come back to awareness of my thoughts so they can be adjusted to bring about calm and divine attunement. My thoughts are the cornerstone of the energy that is within and around me. I use prayer for connection to the divine and for assistance and guidance. Music is one way to express and nurture that connection, but within every moment of life, when you live in awareness, there is opportunity for expression and connection.
My fellow princess Jax and I have both posted our stories of embracing Paganism (Jax here and me here). I feel like "Window" is a similar narrative for you. Do you think your fans are inspired by your spiritual journey? You seem very accessible, so I imagine you talk with people who come to your shows. What do you they tell you about your music? Why are they drawn to it? Why are they drawn to you?
Yes, I believe that people are inspired by my journey just as I have been inspired by so many others. I have had people say many different things about the effect that my music has on them, and no two are alike. For example "Window" was written about about opening your mind and remembering that your connection to the divine lays underneath all the chatter and distraction of our thoughts. We create doubt, fear and limitation in our minds, as well as all our other subjective perceptions. The "window" in my song represents an opening to the place of peace where the awareness of our true potential resides. When we remember that place and go there we are set free. But what the song means to any one person changes based on their own perspective. Music is a living art, taking on different meanings each time it is heard and experienced. As you say you thought it was a "similar narrative" to my story; not as I intended it – but however you see it is ok with me. People are drawn to my music for very personal reasons. The power of music is that it speaks a language beyond words and creates meaning beyond what the composer intended.
Being a fan myself, I can tell you I am drawn to your voice. It is both soulful and sincere with a resonance like a soft blanket, comforting and reassuring; the perfect wrap for listening to a story. So, I'm going to take a moment to be selfish here and ask you to talk about the inspiration behind some of my favorite of your songs. I've already mentioned "Window." My other favorites include songs with layered harmonies and a smidge of dissonance. What can you tell me about "Moment of Madness," "Sister," and "Ma Belle"?
Thank you for the kind words and for sharing. 🙂 I am glad to know your feelings.
Moment of Madness happened at the end of a difficult road trip with an early version of Dreamtrybe. We had some tough moments and eventually disbanded. I came home from that trip and took it out on the piano. Like most of my music the core inspiration for the song becomes a life lesson with a more general meaning as I reflect on it and write about it. The first notes of that song started with its mid section and moved out from there.
Sister is a song from my soul to my self, trying to get through to me when I am disconnected and making choices that lead me off the path.
And Ma Belle came from a dream and is a love song – a restless calling out to a lover with a mind and body filled with desire.
Thank you, Ginger, for sharing your time, sharing your experiences, and sharing your talent!
What about you, Realm? Who are your favorite, inspiring musicians…and why?
+ Featured image, Ginger Doss at her piano.


text:
Q: Rails: has_many :through _ids nested? On a single page I might have a single Video and then checkboxes to add multiple dogs to it. Easy enough (as follows)...
View:
<%= check_box_tag "video[dog_ids][]", dog.id %>

Controller:
params[:video][:dog_ids] ||= []

But what I can't figure out how to do is have multiple videos, each with multiple dogs.
I currently have this:
<% @videos.each do |video| %>
  <%= fields_for "item[]", video do |f| %>
    <%= f.hidden_field :id, :index => nil %>
    <%= f.text_field :title, :index => nil%>
    <%= f.text_area :body, :index => nil %>

    <% video.dogs.each do |dog| %>
      <%= check_box_tag "item[][video[dog_ids][]]", dog.id %>
    <% end %>
  <% end %>
<% end %>

But when I do that, dogs_ids is always nil when it's submitted.
Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

A: Such a setup with fields_for "item[]" and f.text_field :title, :index => nil produces:
<input id="item__name" name="item[][title]" size="30" type="text" value="vid1">

This indicates that the checkbox name should be item[][dog_ids][].
A working example:
<% @videos.each do |video| %>
  <%= fields_for "item[]", video do |f| %>
    <%= f.text_field :title, :index => nil %>
    <% video.dogs.each do |dog| %>
      <%= check_box_tag "item[][dog_ids][]", dog.id %> <%= Dog.name %>
    <% end %>
    <br>
  <% end %>
<% end %>

This produces result in params:
{"item"=> [
  {"title"=>"vid1", "dog_ids"=>["1", "2"]},
  {"title"=>"vid2", "dog_ids"=>["2"]},
  {"title"=>"vid3", "dog_ids"=>["2", "3"]}
]}


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text:
How The Lives Of Digital Nomads Changed During The Pandemic
Ami Ciccone
The pandemic that rattled the world in 2019 changed almost every individual's life forever. Everyone was stuck in their homes, confined from any and all social contact. But have you wondered what happened to the people stuck overseas? The experience of traveling and working as a digital nomad would indeed be nothing less than a gut-wrenching rollercoaster of emotions.
Andrew Neel/Pexels | Travelling and working as a digital nomad during the pandemic was undoubtedly challenging for most such people
If you're one of such digital nomads, looking around at everyone terrified, not knowing whether you would make it home or not, you must've thought of two different things — either to try getting back to your native country or maybe just painfully wait!
Life of digital nomads when the world fell apart
It's pretty obvious that these people felt unwelcomed in other countries because that's how this virus was spreading through people traveling. The pandemic not only shook the lives of foreigners as well as locals, it also tumbled the lives of digital nomads inside out.
The experience wasn't the same for everyone though. While some had to spend their nights sleeping on the streets, some had fun fleeing to other expensive cities. But while the experiences might be different, one thing was quite common for every digital nomad – their ability to relocate quickly came handy!
What is it like to be a digital nomad?
Digital nomads typically are wandering spirits; you may see them posting pictures of breakfast and dinner in two completely different countries. That's how they've chosen to live their lives. Being in the moment is what they like the most.
Andrea Piacquadio/Pexels | Digital nomads typically are wandering spirits. Being in the moment is what they like the most.
Consider Nuseir Yassin's for instance. The guy wears a t-shirt with a battery icon symbolizing what percentage of his life is already over in all his videos! This Palestinian-Israeli video blogger creates 1,000 1-minute videos on Facebook every single day under the page Nas Daily. He was a Harvard engineering graduate who quit his job at Venmo in 2016 to follow his passion. He purchased a camera and a one-way plane ticket to an unknown destination, and started Nas Daily. That's what these people are like – not ready to settle for a boring 9 to 5 job for the rest of their lives!
Rise of the "Slowmads"
Before the pandemic, digital nomads were seen as people who just roamed around the American countries. But the newer generation of nomads believes that the pandemic pushed them to take a more location-independent approach to their careers. The pandemic forced people to stop and reflect on their lives, but the travel restrictions halted the rapid pace of most nomads.
The economic crises and the pandemic must've changed the tone in many destinations, which is why a new category of "digital nomad visas" is emerging to make it easier for foreigners to legally stay in one place for longer periods of time. The visas also allow countries to target more mindful nomads in the process.
Ekrulila/Pexels | A new category of "digital nomad visas" is emerging to make it easier for foreigners to legally stay in one place for longer periods of time
No doubt the pandemic had an impact on almost every person, and every industry. But this has also given a chance to many digital nomads to live their life the way they wanted to. For many like Nuseir Yassin, Kesi Irvin, and Gabby Beckford, the pandemic has given them a golden opportunity to see the world.


VEGAS CASINO – one of the best casinos in Prague!
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American Roulette is a simple and dynamic game. The chips purchased at the game table can be placed on numbers or outside chances (colors, dozens and columns). Once the ball falls, the dealer will mark the winning number, pay all winning bets and start a new game. Compared to French and European roulette, the American roulette features a double zero.
Black Jack is one of the most popular and most famous card games. Black Jack is played with several 52-card packs. The player's goal is to defeat the dealer, so that the sum of player cards would be higher than the sum of the dealer's cards and at the same time he does not exceed the total sum of 21. If the player gets over the 21 total, he loses the game, regardless of the dealer's cards. If he draws the sum of the dealers, he loses the game against the players who do not exceed the sum of the cards.
Pontoon is an alternative to Black Jack and is one of the less known card games. The rules of the game do not differ much from Black Jack. The difference is only in the winning combination – Pontoon. This happens when the player has a total of 21 in his hand of the first two cards (ace + card with a value of 10) holds 5 cards and their total does not exceed 21, or holds 3 or 4 cards with the sum of 21.
The aim of the BANCO Poker game is to get higher cards than your dealer has. After starting the game, the player will place an ANTE bet. The dealer gives five cards to all players and to himself. Cards are put face down, except for the last dealers card. The player can exchange one card for the amount of the ANTE bet. The player decides whether to stop or to continue the game. If the player wants to continue in the game, he has to bet twice his ANTE. The dealer must be qualified with at least an ace and a king.
Ultimate Texas Holde'm is the most popular sort of poker. The rules are very simple. The player gets two cards that he does not show anyone. The other five cards are placed face up on the common table. By combining of these cards, the player must assemble the strongest possible combination.


Something is on your mind and you can't stop worrying about it. It could be a problem at work, in a relationship, a health issue, money problems- whatever it is, it's consuming you. How will this turn out, you keep wondering? What should I do? What if this, and what if that? Why is this happening? What's it gonna take to figure this out? All you want is for this to be resolved already.
The thing about problems is that they force us into the unknown- we don't know how things will turn out and how the result will impact our lives. When we are faced with uncertainty, we get uncomfortable and insecure. And what happens when we are insecure? We lose perspective. The only way we can look at our problem is through a lens of fear.
So what can you do to regain perspective, release yourself from the all-consuming grip of the problem you're facing, and transition from fear and nagging worry to feeling in control and at peace in your current situation? I offer you a 3-Question Exercise that will help you see your situation more clearly, approach it in the most effective way possible, and end up with the best possible result. How does that sound? Good? Then read on!
A desire to handle this problem like a badass!
Title column one 'What do I have control over?', Title column two 'What influence do I have?, and Title column three 'What is completely out of my control?.
Start with the first column, take your time, and write down EVERYTHING you can think of that belongs in that column. Once you feel you have thought of everything possible, move on to column two and do the same. Then column three.
Once you have answered the questions for each column, take special note of the things related to your problem that are totally out of your hands. Say, out loud, to yourself, 'I have no control over these things, and I surrender to this truth. The things/people are what/who they are, and the consequences will be what they will be.' Take a deep breath. Now take one more, and accept this reality consciously.
Next, turn your attention to the things in the first two columns. Begin a fresh page in your notebook or journal, and make a list of goals related to the the items you can control, and then the same for things you can influence. Perhaps there are conversations you can have, people's help you can solicit, things you can do to help steer things in a positive direction. One thing you always have control over is how you'll react to a situation or outcome: make sure to identify how will you respond, in thought and action, in all the various potential outcomes. Envision each possible result (that you can think of) and decide how you'll handle it. Make sure to write it all down.
Remind yourself that you can handle this and that you're equipped to face and get through it. You are stronger than you know, and you're about to realize just how strong you really are.
Problems are a normal part of life. The important thing is that you welcome challenges. Why? Because you are a damn warrior, that's why. And warriors live for a good challenge. There is no challenge too great for you. Believe. Live that. Welcome the mud, baby. Make it your playground.
Let me know what you think! Did this exercise help? How so? How did you feel afterward? I want to know! Please share your experience in the comments or email me directly with your thoughts. I'd love hear from you!


ABINGDON, VA - Jo Ann Patton, age 88, died at Johnston Memorial Hospital in Abingdon, Virginia on Tuesday, October 30, 2018, following a long period of declining health.
She was born on January 20, 1930 in Clinchco (Dickenson County), Virginia and lived there until 1976 when her parents moved to the Village Green area of Bristol, Virginia. In recent years she lived from time to time in Abingdon with her sister and for the past year was a resident at Commonwealth Senior Living in Abingdon.
Jo Ann was the fourth of seven children, in a close and caring family. She was preceded in death by her parents, Rudd Clinton and Verna Frances (Deel) Patton, and sisters Rebiel Hibbits Lawson, Margaret Janell (Peggy) Patton Hagan, Pauline Lee Patton, and Shirley Jean Patton Goodman. She is survived by her sister, Ida Patton, Abingdon, and her brother Dr. Robert C. Patton, and his wife, Bette, Kingsport, TN.
She is also survived by several special nephews and nieces who held an important place in her heart: Robert F. Hagan, Jr., Round Hill, VA., Sarah Jane (Hagan) Hartman and husband, Steve, Ocean View, DE, John Rudd Hagan and wife, Beth, Big Stone Gap, VA., Robert David Patton, Vestavia, AL., Dr. William Rudd Patton and wife, Deborah, Clemmons, NC, Linda Suzanne (Patton) Williams and husband, Bruce, Johnson City, TN, Larry Dean Lawson and wife, Pamela, Altamonte, Springs, FL, and William Patton Goodman and wife, Sandie, Tullahoma, TN. She is also survived by a host of cousins who remained close to her.
Jo Ann graduated from Clinchco High School in a class of 14. She chose not to attend college and instead did clerical work for her father who owned a small coal mine. After moving to Bristol and the death of her parents she did housework for a few families with whom she developed a friendship as well.
Family and friends were Jo Ann's primary focus in life. She especially looked forward to their visits and provided wonderful meals that became lasting memories. Several of her original recipes are preserved in family cookbooks.
She will be remembered for many things and paramount among them were her winning smile and her joyous laughter. Although Jo Ann was small in physical stature, she stood strong and tall and had a high degree of energy that enabled her to get many things done. She was a person of great faith who gave generously of herself and she showed deep compassion for those in need. Most notably, she unselfishly devoted ten years to caring for her parents during their final illnesses.
Jo Ann loved working outdoors. Each year she raised a vegetable garden and shared the rewards of her labors with family, neighbors, and friends. Some of her other interests included needlework, quilting, NASCAR events, flower gardening, fishing, summer vacations in Nags Head, playing bingo, rook, and other card games, weekend trips to neighboring states, and, most of all, taking care of Heidi, her Miniature Schnauzer, for 15 years.
The family wish to give special thanks to Sandra Shupe who cared for Jo Ann for several months, to the staff of Commonwealth Senior Living who became her friends as well as caregivers, and to the nurses and doctors on the second floor at Johnston Memorial Hospital for their exceptional care of her and their many kindnesses to her.
A memorial service will be conducted at 2 p.m. Saturday, November 17, 2018 in the Main Street Chapel of Farris Funeral Service, with a reception to follow.
In lieu of flowers contributions may be made to the Alzheimer's Association, Roanoke Office, 3959, Electric Road, Suite 357, Roanoke, VA 24018.
Those wishing to share memories or express sympathy may do so online by visiting www.farrisfuneralservice.com . The family of Jo Ann Patton is in the care of the Main Street Chapel of Farris Funeral Service and Crematory, 427 East Main Street, Abingdon, Virginia 24210.