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Tag Archive: dragons
How to Train Your Dragon 2 Teaser Trailer
Filed under: Reviews — Leave a comment
UK Release Date: 4th July 2013
Stars: Dean DeBlois (director), Jay Baruchel, Gerard Butler, Kristen Wiig, Jonah Hill, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Kit Harington, America Ferrera.
Plot: Five years after the events of the first film, the once land locked Vikings are now on the backs of dragons and their world has become bigger. As Hiccup's curiosity grows the map expands and the Vikings come across new people and new dragons, discovering a larger conflict between mankind and dragonkind which Hiccup is inevitably at the centre of.
With sequels to animated films being all the rage these days with the likes of Monsters University and Despicable Me 2 it should come as no surprise that the universally adored How to Train Your Dragon is getting the sequel treatment (trilogy treatment really with a third installment slated for 2016 release). Out of the three original films (HTTYD, Monsters Inc. and Despicable Me) I felt that HTTYD was the weakest, but with the most potential for more stories to be told, leaving me with the feeling that this could be the best animated sequel since the Toy Story films.
However, the teaser trailer for How to Train Your Dragon 2 doesn't give a lot away. As has become something of a trend recently, this is just one sequence from the film put into two minutes just to give the audience a peek at their old friends.
As we can see Toothless and Hiccup are still working together and Hiccup is clearly advancing Viking technology at a great pace. A glimpse at the new teenage Hiccup is something for fans to get excited about as the changed between when the original film took place and this one should be an interesting point. I look forward to seeing more beautiful footage and finding out more plot details.
Tags: 2013, america ferrera, animation, blog, christopher mintz-plasse, dean deblois, despicable me, despicable me 2, dragons, dreamworks, entertainment, film, gaming, gerard butler, hiccup, how to train your dragon, how to train your dragon 2, jay baruchel, jonah hill, kit harington, kristen wiig, media, monsters inc, monsters university, movies, news, oscars, toothless, toy story, trailer, videogames
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Review
Lord of the Rings is the gold standard of trilogies; each one of the three films was an excellent adventure that had brilliant characters, glorious fight scenes and plenty of enjoyment. So with The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey, expectations were high and a new trilogy hinged on it's success.
An Unexpected Journey takes place sixty years before The Fellowship of the Ring and is the story of Bilbo Baggins (Martin Freeman). Bilbo is recruited by Gandalf (Ian McKellen) to accompany a team of thirteen dwarfs, led by Thorin Oakenshield (Richard Armitage) on a quest across Middle Earth to the Lonely Mountain to reclaim the dwarf's stolen home from the dragon Smaug.
The main thing that leaps out at you as you watch An Unexpected Journey is that there has clearly been a lot of work put in to the visuals of the film; based purely on it's aesthetics The Hobbit is a must watch, it's just a beautiful mix of epic trailing shots over vast landscapes to the intricate creation of Rivendell, home of the elves. To be quite honest, I still find myself amazed that they can make Martin Freeman, Richard Armitage and others look a good two foot shorter than Ian McKellen but every special effect looks just as perfect as they did in Lord of the Rings.
Martin Freeman has the title role and with little experience in films before it is a huge ask of him to carry the weight of such an ambitious trilogy, but it is a task that Freeman is more than a match for as he turns in a very accomplished and polished performance. He brings this really charming sense of likeability to his character and even throws in some comedic lines as well. McKellen, as you would expect, does the standard high quality acting you would expect from him so there's no point wasting time talking about that. The main person I was looking forward to seeing was Armitage as Thorin as I have been a fan of his since his days in the BBC's adaptation of Robin Hood. Armitage's character carries the burden of being the rightful King of the dwarfs and has a real hatred for elves: Thorin is a more complicated character than the film chooses to recognise but Armitage's performance brings layers to the dwarf leader. However, it was Kili, played by Being Human's Aidan Turner who quickly became my favourite dwarf and if there is a finer character in Middle Earth I would like to hear about it!
Unfortunately, it wasn't all this good…
Right from the off it seems that An Unexpected Journey is struggling to find it's identity. Ian Holm and Elijah Wood are brought back to reprise their roles from the original trilogy in order to really cram the fact home that The Hobbit is the prequel trilogy, as if anybody needs telling this again. And the first act really struggles along with far too many character introductions given valuable time when the film could have been moving along with a lot more fluidity. There are several jokes that miss the mark every time (a tradition that unfortunately continues throughout the film) and it even skates around the edges of turning into a musical at one stage which, thankfully for everyone involved, it does not.
An Unexpected Journey never really finds a settled pacing and at times becomes incredibly dull and you can't help but notice more than just a couple of pointless scenes thrown in for good measure. The biggest disappointment for me were the action scenes. Lord of the Rings brought us epic battle scenes in The Two Towers and Return of the King and the unforgettable death of Boromir in Fellowship, so if there's one thing that Peter Jackson can do it's battle scenes. But you wouldn't know that from this film. Just when you think you might get to see some brilliant fight scenes it's taken away from you either by a change of scene or by the dwarfs running away, which they seem to do a lot of to be honest. What could have been a great climatic battle once again turned in to a fleeing scene.
But I don't want to end on a sour note. The return of Gollum was welcomed with open arms and his exchange with Bilbo is easily the best and most fun part of the movie; there was the appearance of the One Ring and the invisibility thrown in for good measure! The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey's biggest fail is that it just isn't Lord of the Rings, but what it is is a decent story and a great block for The Desolation of Smaug to build on!
Tags: 2012, aidan turner, an unexpected journey, aviation, bbc, bilbo baggins, blog, boromir, dragons, dwarves, elijah wood, entertainment, fellowship of the ring, film, gaming, gandalf, gollum, ian holm, ian mckellen, kili, literature, lonely mountain, lord of the rings, martin freeman, movies, news, oscars, return of the king, review, richard armitage, rivendell, robin hood, smaug, the desolation of smaug, the hobbit, the two towers, thorin, trilogy, videogames
How to Train Your Dragon Review
***MAY CONTAIN SPOILERS***
No matter what they do, it seems as though Dreamworks will always be working in the shadows of Pixar in terms of animation, film quality and story but their 2012 effort, How to Train Your Dragon, is a fantastic outing from them which is just as enjoyable as most Pixar films.
How to Train Your Dragon tells the story of Hiccup Haddock III (Jay Baruchel), the son of the Viking leader (voiced by Gerard Butler) who aspires to be just like his father and learn to kill dragons with him. That is until a meeting with one of the most feared dragons of the time, a Night Fury, leads to the forming of an unlikely friendship where Hiccup learns that there is more to the fearsome creatures than meets the eye.
This is not a typical children's film when it comes to story; the focus of the film does not lie within it's morality of good versus evil, in fact the villain does not really appear until more than halfway through the film. Instead, How to Train Your Dragon prides itself upon it's character and it's spirit. It is a story that blurs the line between interpretations of good and evil respective to the dragons in particular and shows true triumph in it's portrayal of family values and the real meaning of friendship.
The character's really come to life and the friendship between Hiccup and Toothelss, as the Night Fury is named, is very believable and at times incredibly touching. The voice acting is pretty standard although why the Vikings tend to have Scottish accents rather than Scandanavian accents is baffling.
Dreamworks' animation is top notch and it is clear they took a lot of time in making the film look aesthetically pleasing. Visually, the film is perfect. In particular, the final act where the young vikings are riding the dragons makes you realise how much effort has gone into the animation. There are clues all through the film about the final act and the dragons in the final act all resemble their riders. This is something that I did not realise until late on but was really impressed with.
Unfortunately, there are some scenes where the action or dialogue is below par and at times it seems to drag a little and on occassion I did become bored. There are some silences as Toothless does not talk and at times the silence is effective and you get a lot of information just from eye movement and body language but when used too much it makes the film boring.
Overall, How to Train Your Dragon is a fun film with a good heart but it idn't quite have enough to sustain my interest 100% over the hour and a half which it lasts. Saying that, though, I would definitely watch it again.
Tags: 2012, animated, animation, children's, dragons, dreamworks animation, entertaining, family, friendship, gerard butler, heartwarming, hiccup, how to train your dragon, jay baruchel, movies, pixar films, toothless, value, vikings


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Храм преподобного Серафима Саровского — деревянный православный храм в Приморском районе Санкт-Петербурга. Находится на Серафимовском кладбище в историческом районе Старая Деревня.

История
В конце XIX века район Чёрной речки был окраиной Санкт-Петербурга. В этой местности селились крестьяне и люди, которые приехали в город на заработки. Вместе с быстрым ростом населения росло и число умерших. Существовавшие Новодеревенское и Благовещенское кладбища оказались переполнены. Поэтому в 1903 году было принято решение выделить землю под новые захоронения.

После принятия решения об организации кладбища было начато строительство кладбищенской церкви. Проект церкви был выполнен архитектором Александром Барановским, работы велись под руководством епархиального архитектора Николая Никонова. Закладка храма была произведена 25 июля 1906 года, а к концу октября здание было уже построено. 1 марта 1907 года оно было освящено во имя святого Серафима Саровского. Кладбище получило название по названию церкви.

Одновременно с главным престолом храма 1 марта 1907 года протоиерей Н. А. Травинский освятил также два придела: южный — во имя святой мученицы Царицы Александры и северный — во имя Покрова Пресвятой Богородицы. Для удобства отпевания боковые приделы были отделены от главного перегородками. Большая часть икон и церковной утвари были подарены или пожертвованы. Дубовый иконостас пожертвовал купец А. А. Николаев, а 11 образов для иконостаса — М. Н. Колчин.

В годы Первой мировой войны на Серафимовском кладбище хоронили солдат и офицеров, погибших на фронтах и умерших в госпиталях города. В память о солдатах и офицерах 36-го Орловского пехотного полка, павших в октябре 1914 года в боях на реке Сан, у левого клироса на специальном столбе была помещена небольшая икона Святителя Николая, укреплённая на латунной доске с надписью: «Нет выше той любви, когда кто положит душу свою за друзей своих. Вечная память».

В 1923 году церковь, первоначально приписанная к Благовещенской церкви, получила самостоятельность и стала приходской. Храм, принадлежавший до 1942 года «Живой церкви», был одной из немногих в Ленинграде церквей, которые были открыты и в годы блокады. Храм закрывали только на несколько месяцев в блокадную зиму 1942 года, когда его использовали в качестве морга.

С 14 февраля 1948 года настоятелем храма (с 29 декабря 1958 года — почётным настоятелем) был протоиерей Николай Ломакин.

В 1987 году живописные изображения событий из жития преподобного Серафима на западном фасаде храма были заменены мозаичными. В 2000 году на пожертвования прихожан был проведён капитальный ремонт храма: полностью заменены полы, стропильная система, кровля, купола и кресты. В 2002 году выполнен ремонт фасадов, заменены мозаичные изображения. Отреставрирована значительная часть икон, в том числе извлечённых из запасников храма. Большинство храмовых икон вновь позолочены, а иконы Святителя Николая и Божией Матери «Казанская» обрели новые дубовые резные киоты.

Архитектура, убранство
Храм преподобного Серафима Саровского — интересный для Санкт-Петербурга образец деревянной церковной архитектуры начала XX века. Одноэтажный деревянный храм построен по традиционной для русского церковного зодчества трёхчастной схеме: в плане он представляет собой три примыкающих друг к другу прямоугольника. Наиболее широкая западная часть включает притвор, над которым расположена колокольня, трапезную и боковые приделы; средняя часть — центральный четверик с боковыми притворами. Более узкая восточная часть состоит из апсиды и окружающих её служебных помещений, в том числе ризницы. В объёме здания доминируют высокий четверик и колокольня, завершённые четырёхгранными шатрами с луковичными главками на барабанах. Резное убранство фасадов выполнено в русском стиле. Внешний облик здания определяют шатровые крыши церкви и колокольни, резные подзоры кровли, точёные столбы крылец.

Интерьер церкви сохранился с момента открытия почти без изменений. В храме находится образ «Умиление», список с келейной иконы, перед которой скончался старец Серафим. В главном приделе висит его портрет, написанный игуменом Иосафом, учеником и биографом преподобного Серафима. В киоте, справа от амвона, находятся несколько реликвий: местночтимая икона с частицами одежды, мантии с гроба и камня, на котором молился преподобный. Слева от входа, тоже в киоте, помещена икона Смоленской Божией Матери, написанная в XVIII веке, ранее находившаяся в Благовещенской церкви и переданная церкви Серафима Саровского после войны. По преданию, она была привезена рабочими людьми, приехавшими для постройки Санкт-Петербурга по приказу Петра I.

Духовенство
 Настоятель храма — протоиерей Аристарх Егошин.
 Протоиерей Вячеслав Помаскин.
 Протоиерей Никита Бадмаев
 Иерей Константин Костин
 Иерей Георгий Астахов.

Святыни храма
 Главная святыня храма — образ преп. Серафима Саровского, с частицами его мощей, мантии и гроба, а также камня, на котором он молился тысячу дней и ночей.
 Икона Божией Матери «Умиление»
 Икона Божией Матери Казанской
 Икона Святителя Николая, рядом с иконой Святителя Николая укреплена мемориальная латунная доска с небольшим образом святого Николая Чудотворца в память 136 солдат и офицеров 36-го Орловского пехотного полка, погибших с 6 по 23 октября 1914 года на реке Сан, с надписью: «Нет выше той любви, когда кто положит душу свою за друзей своих. Вечная память».
 Икона «Знамение»
 Икона Смоленской Божьей Матери
 Икона Тихвинской Божьей Матери
 Икона Богородицы «Взыскание погибших»
 Икона «Сретение»
 Молельная икона Казанской Божьей Матери великого князя Михаила Александровича

Примечания

Ссылки
 Санкт-Петербург. Церковь Серафима Саровского на Серафимовском кладбище на сайте sobory.ru
 Церковь Серафима Саровского на Серафимовском мемориальном кладбище на сайте citywalls.ru

Санкт-Петербург
Серафима
Здания и сооружения, построенные в 1907 году в Санкт-Петербурге
Храмы, построенные в 1907 году в России
Санкт-Петербург

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home / Defense Deals / Featured / Military / News / Russia / The Middle East / UAE / Russia to sell Sukhoi Su-35 Flanker-E to the UAE & to Co-Develop 5th Generation Light Fighter Jet
Russia to sell Sukhoi Su-35 Flanker-E to the UAE & to Co-Develop 5th Generation Light Fighter Jet
IndraStra Global Friday, March 03, 2017 Defense Deals , Featured , Military , News , Russia , The Middle East , UAE Edit
IndraStra Global Editorial Team
Image Attribute: Sukhoi Design Bureau – Sukhoi Su-35 Flanker-E 901
On Feb 23, according to Aviation International News, it was revealed by Rostec CEO Sergey Chemezov that the Russia and the United Arab Emirates would jointly develop a fifth-generation light fighter based on the MiG-29 platform which will be apparently an advanced version of the same. He also mentioned that the UAE has been engaged in a separate discussion regarding the prospective sale of Sukhoi Su-35s.
News of the deal between the Kremlin and the UAE came during the visit of a high-level Russian delegation led by trade and industry minister Denis Manturov at the IDEX 2017 exhibition in Abu Dhabi, amid murmurs that Moscow is closing a similar deal to sell 10 Sukhoi designed Su-35 Flanker-E jets each to Indonesia and China.
The signing ceremony between Russia and the UAE covering cooperation in the defense industries was witnessed by Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces, which itself signifies the importance of the deal at the first place.
According to Manturov, "One of the fields of this cooperation is the creation, development, and supply of the fifth-generation fighter jet." The work on this joint light fighter aircraft is to start as early as 2018 and it would be built in the UAE. Another deal was struck in which Middle East investors aim to acquire a minority stake in Russian Helicopters.
Earlier, UAE has purchased Russian ground weapon systems, such as BMP-3 infantry combat vehicles and Pantsir-S1 air-defense systems. But, the sale of Flanker-E along with joint light fighter development program indicates towards a big step on the way of developing military cooperation between these two countries.
At the current level of cooperation, the U.S. Air Force (USAF) bases it's Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptors at Al-Dhafra air base for the ongoing operations over Syria, and the United Arab Emirates Air Force (UAEAF) have the most advanced version of the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon in its inventory.
Despite these ties, the U.S. has so far denied access to its fifth-generation Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II to UAE – something government officials in the UAE have shown an interest in for several years – and aviation industry insiders say this has led the Emirates to look toward Russia as the last option to fulfill its own aerospace ambition.
This kind of deals like the similar ones across the globe highlights Russia's growing use of its defense industry as a geopolitical tool on the diplomatic stage in a very proactive manner and directly wooing those countries which are having longstanding ties to the United States.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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The Boston's Mangrove
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This project is inspired by the mangroves, these plants developed skills necessary to grow in brackish water and on unfit ground. The basis of our concept is the nature's ability to adapt to the most extraordinary conditions present on Earth, finding ways to live even in the most difficult contexts and transforming threats into resources.
Our project developed from two directions: the protection from water of existing buildings and the creation of a new neighborhood designed to grow literaly in the water. This is the starting point for a project that arises as a potential model for Boston's future redevelopment, where natural elements and human artefacts marry to ensure a better quality of life and a coexistence, no more conflictual but symbiotic, between ecosystem and cities.
At first a new road network was algorithmically determined, by the principle of the shortest distance, connected to the existing urban fabric. Those new roads were then raised from the ground to ensure that the lines of communication would always be protected from the water. The set of roadbeds and bridges that constitute the road network, is thought to be realized by the growing large-scale-3D-printing technology, which allows the reduction of costs and construction times up to 50% and the use of environmentally friendly and recycled materials.
Water has free access to the entire area of the project, thus creating a Fort Point Channel inlet in which, through the phytoremediation, a qualitative improvement of the ecosystem is achieved, with positive effects for the flora, wildlife and humans. The streets of this new district are designed primarily for pedestrians and cyclists, then for public transport and only at last for the motorized mobility. In the world, more and more urban plans are eliminating the vehicular traffic from cities. The Boston's Mangrove provides parking garages in the perimeter points of access, but no parking spaces in the whole area; it is wasted space that is better allocated for urban parks.
A large green artery run through the whole area from east to west, mitigating climatic effects on buildings and giving the city a great new space for outdoor activities. Arising from the water are new buildings designed for energetic self-sufficiency, the highest environmental performances and they were algorithmically designed to achieve maximum solar radiation on roofs. The roofs are not only used to produce energy but also as additional green spaces where relax or grow an urban vegetable garden.
The differentiation of functions is the first step to create neighborhoods alive and healthy, working as autonomous biospheres, but also to serve the rest of the city. For these reasons the Boston's Mangrove wants to offer services for all citizens: housing, offices, shops, co-working spaces, fab-lab, gyms, libraries, kindergartens, schools, clinics, and more so that it can be experienced during the arc of the whole day, enjoyed by all Bostonians becoming a model for future development.
Team Member(s)
Leonardo Roli, Architect
Stefano Montanari, Architect
Andrea Valcavi, Architect
Roberto Bertozzi, Architect
© 2022 Boston Living With Water. All Rights Reserved


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Screenshot of a Windows command shell showing filenames in a directory
filename list, with long filenames, foreign letters, comma, dot and space characters as they appear in a software displaying filenames
A filename (also written as two words, file name) is a name used to uniquely identify a computer file stored in a file system. Different file systems impose different restrictions on filename lengths and the allowed characters within filenames.
A filename may include one or more of these components:
host (or server) – network device that contains the file
device (or drive) – hardware device or drive
directory (or path) – directory tree (e.g., /usr/bin, \TEMP, [USR.LIB.SRC], etc.)
file – base name of the file
type (format or extension) – indicates the content type of the file (e.g. .txt, .exe, .COM, etc.)
version – revision or generation number of the file
The components required to identify a file varies across operating systems, as does the syntax and format for a valid filename.
Discussions of filenames are complicated by a lack of standardization of the term. Sometimes "filename" is used to mean the entire name, such as the Windows name c:\directory\myfile.txt. Sometimes, it will be used to refer to the components, so the filename in this case would be myfile.txt. Sometimes, it is a reference that excludes an extension, so the filename would be just myfile.
1.1 Unicode migration
2 References: absolute vs relative
3 Number of names per file
4 Length restrictions
5 Filename extensions
6 Encoding interoperability
6.1 Encoding indication interoperability
6.2 Unicode interoperability
6.3 Perspectives
7 Uniqueness
8 Letter case preservation
9 Reserved characters and words
10 Comparison of filename limitations
This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2012)
Around 1962, the Compatible Time-Sharing System introduced the concept of a file (i.e. non-paper file).[citation needed]
Around this same time appeared the dot (period or full-stop) as a filename extension separator, and the limit to three letter extensions might have come from 16-bit RAD50 character encoding limits.[1]
Traditionally, most operating system supported filenames with only uppercase alphanumeric characters, but as time progressed, the number of characters allowed increased. This led to compatibility problems when moving files between different file systems.[2]
In 1985, RFC 959 officially defined a pathname to be the character string that must be entered into a file system by a user in order to identify a file.[3]
Around 1995, VFAT, an extension to the MS-DOS FAT filesystem, was introduced in Windows 95 and Windows NT. It allowed mixed-case Unicode long filenames (LFNs), in addition to classic "8.3" names.
Unicode migrationEdit
One issue was migration to Unicode. For this purpose, several software companies provided software for migrating filenames to the new Unicode encoding.
Microsoft provided migration transparent for the user throughout the vfat technology
Apple provided "File Name Encoding Repair Utility v1.0".[4]
The Linux community provided "convmv".[5]
Mac OS X 10.3 marked Apple's adoption of Unicode 3.2 character decomposition, superseding the Unicode 2.1 decomposition used previously. This change caused problems for developers writing software for Mac OS X.[6]
References: absolute vs relativeEdit
Main article: Path (computing)
An absolute reference includes all directory levels. In some systems, a filename reference that does not include the complete directory path defaults to the current working directory. This is a relative reference. One advantage of using a relative reference in program configuration files or scripts is that different instances of the script or program can use different files.
This makes an absolute or relative path composed of a sequence of filenames.
Number of names per fileEdit
Unix-like file systems allow a file to have more than one name; in traditional Unix-style file systems, the names are hard links to the file's inode or equivalent. Windows supports hard links on NTFS file systems, and provides the command fsutil in Windows XP, and mklink in later versions, for creating them.[7][8] Hard links are different from Windows shortcuts, classic Mac OS/macOS aliases, or symbolic links. The introduction of LFNs with VFAT allowed filename aliases. For example, longfi~1.??? with a maximum of eight plus three characters was a filename alias of "long file name.???" as a way to conform to 8.3 limitations for older programs.
This property was used by the move command algorithm that first creates a second filename and then only removes the first filename.
Other filesystems, by design, provide only one filename per file, which guarantees that alteration of one filename's file does not alter the other filename's file.
Length restrictionsEdit
Some filesystems restrict the length of filenames. In some cases, these lengths apply to the entire file name, as in 44 characters on IBM S/370.[9] In other cases, the length limits may apply to particular portions of the filename, such as the name of a file in a directory, or a directory name. For example, 9 (e.g., 8-bit FAT in Standalone Disk BASIC), 11 (e.g. FAT12, FAT16, FAT32 in DOS), 14 (e.g. early Unix), 21 (Human68K), 31, 30 (e.g. Apple DOS 3.2 and 3.3), 15 (e.g. Apple ProDOS), 44 (e.g. IBM S/370),[9] or 255 (e.g. early Berkeley Unix) characters or bytes. Length limits often result from assigning fixed space in a filesystem to storing components of names, so increasing limits often requires an incompatible change, as well as reserving more space.
A particular issue with filesystems that store information in nested directories is that it may be possible to create a file with a complete pathname that exceeds implementation limits, since length checking may apply only to individual parts of the name rather than the entire name. Many Windows applications are limited to a MAX_PATH value of 260, but Windows file names can easily exceed this limit [1].
Filename extensionsEdit
Many file systems, including FAT, NTFS, and VMS systems, allow a filename extension that consists of one or more characters following the last period in the filename, dividing the filename into two parts: a base name or stem and an extension or suffix used by some applications to indicate the file type. Multiple output files created by an application use the same basename and various extensions. For example, a compiler might use the extension FOR for source input file (for Fortran code), OBJ for the object output and LST for the listing. Although there are some common extensions, they are arbitrary and a different application might use REL and RPT. On filesystems that do not segregate the extension, files will often have a longer extension such as html.
Encoding interoperabilityEdit
There is no general encoding standard for filenames.
Because file names have to be exchanged between software environments (think network file transfer, file system storage, backup and file synchronization software, configuration management, data compression and archiving, etc.), it is very important not to lose file name information between applications. This led to wide adoption of Unicode as a standard for encoding file names, although legacy software might be non-Unicode-aware.
Encoding indication interoperabilityEdit
This section may need to be rewritten to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (September 2012)
Traditionally, filenames allowed any character in their filenames as long as they were file system safe.[2] Although this permitted the use of any encoding, and thus allowed the representation of any local text on any local system, it caused many interoperability issues.
A filename could be stored using different byte strings in distinct systems within a single country, such as if one used Japanese Shift JIS encoding and another Japanese EUC encoding. Conversion was not possible as most systems did not expose a description of the encoding used for a filename as part of the extended file information. This forced costly filename encoding guessing with each file access.[2]
A solution was to adopt Unicode as the encoding for filenames.
In the classic Mac OS, however, encoding of the filename was stored with the filename attributes.[2]
Unicode interoperabilityEdit
The Unicode standard solves the encoding determination issue.
Nonetheless, some limited interoperability issues remain, such as normalization (equivalence), or the Unicode version in use. For instance, UDF is limited to Unicode 2.0; macOS's HFS+ file system applies NFD Unicode normalization and is optionally case-sensitive (case-insensitive by default.) Filename maximum length is not standard and might depend on the code unit size. Although it is a serious issue, in most cases this is a limited one.[2]
On Linux, this means the filename is not enough to open a file: additionally, the exact byte representation of the filename on the storage device is needed. This can be solved at the application level, with some tricky normalization calls.[10]
The issue of Unicode equivalence is known as "normalized-name collision". A solution is the Non-normalizing Unicode Composition Awareness used in the Subversion and Apache technical communities.[11] This solution does not normalize paths in the repository. Paths are only normalized for the purpose of comparisons. Nonetheless, some communities have patented this strategy, forbidding its use by other communities.[clarification needed]
PerspectivesEdit
To limit interoperability issues, some ideas described by Sun are to:
use one Unicode encoding (such as UTF-8)
do transparent code conversions on filenames
store no normalized filenames
check for canonical equivalence among filenames, to avoid two canonically equivalent filenames in the same directory.[2]
Those considerations create a limitation not allowing a switch to a future encoding different from UTF-8.
UniquenessEdit
Within a single directory, filenames must be unique. Since the filename syntax also applies for directories, it is not possible to create a file and directory entries with the same name in a single directory. Multiple files in different directories may have the same name.
Uniqueness approach may differ both on the case sensitivity and on the Unicode normalization form such as NFC, NFD. This means two separate files might be created with the same text filename and a different byte implementation of the filename, such as L"\x00C0.txt" (UTF-16, NFC) (Latin capital A with grave) and L"\x0041\x0300.txt" (UTF-16, NFD) (Latin capital A, grave combining).[12]
Letter case preservationEdit
Some filesystems, such as FAT, store filenames as upper-case regardless of the letter case used to create them. For example, a file created with the name "MyName.Txt" or "myname.txt" would be stored with the filename "MYNAME.TXT". Any variation of upper and lower case can be used to refer to the same file. These kinds of file systems are called case-insensitive and are not case-preserving. Some filesystems prohibit the use of lower case letters in filenames altogether.
Some file systems store filenames in the form that they were originally created; these are referred to as case-retentive or case-preserving. Such a file system can be case-sensitive or case-insensitive. If case-sensitive, then "MyName.Txt" and "myname.txt" may refer to two different files in the same directory, and each file must be referenced by the exact capitalization by which it is named. On a case-insensitive, case-preserving file system, on the other hand, only one of "MyName.Txt", "myname.txt" and "Myname.TXT" can be the name of a file in a given directory at a given time, and a file with one of these names can be referenced by any capitalization of the name.
From its original inception, Unix and its derivative systems were case-preserving. However, not all Unix-like file systems are case-sensitive; by default, HFS+ in macOS is case-insensitive, and SMB servers usually provide case-insensitive behavior (even when the underlying file system is case-sensitive, e.g. Samba on most Unix-like systems), and SMB client file systems provide case-insensitive behavior. File system case sensitivity is a considerable challenge for software such as Samba and Wine, which must interoperate efficiently with both systems that treat uppercase and lowercase files as different and with systems that treat them the same.[13]
Reserved characters and wordsEdit
File systems have not always provided the same character set for composing a filename. Before Unicode became a de facto standard, file systems mostly used a locale-dependent character set. By contrast, some new systems permit a filename to be composed of almost any character of the Unicode repertoire, and even some non-Unicode byte sequences. Limitations may be imposed by the file system, operating system, application, or requirements for interoperability with other systems.
Many file system utilities prohibit control characters from appearing in filenames. In Unix-like file systems, the null character[14] and the path separator / are prohibited.
File system utilities and naming conventions on Windows prohibit particular characters from appearing in filenames:[15]
Reason for prohibition
/ slash Used as a path name component separator in Unix-like, Windows, and Amiga systems. (For as long as the SwitChar setting is set to '/', the DOS COMMAND.COM shell would consume it as a switch character, but DOS and Windows themselves always accept it as a separator on API level.)
\ backslash Used as the default path name component separator in DOS, OS/2 and Windows (even if the SwitChar is set to '-'; allowed in Unix filenames, see Note 1)
? question mark Used as a wildcard in Unix, Windows and AmigaOS; marks a single character. Allowed in Unix filenames, see Note 1.
The symbol "¿" (an inverted question mark) is allowed in all filenames.
% percent Used as a wildcard in RT-11; marks a single character. Not special on Windows.
* asterisk
or star Used as a wildcard in Unix, DOS, RT-11, VMS and Windows. Marks any sequence of characters (Unix, Windows, DOS) or any sequence of characters in either the basename or extension (thus "*.*" in DOS means "all files". Allowed in Unix filenames, see note 1
: colon Used to determine the mount point / drive on Windows; used to determine the virtual device or physical device such as a drive on AmigaOS, RT-11 and VMS; used as a pathname separator in classic Mac OS. Doubled after a name on VMS, indicates the DECnet nodename (equivalent to a NetBIOS (Windows networking) hostname preceded by "\\".). Colon is also used in Windows to separate an alternative data stream from the main file.
| vertical bar
or pipe Designates software pipelining in Unix, DOS and Windows; allowed in Unix filenames, see Note 1
" quote Used to mark beginning and end of filenames containing spaces in Windows, see Note 1
< less than Used to redirect input, allowed in Unix filenames, see Note 1
> greater than Used to redirect output, allowed in Unix filenames, see Note 1
or dot Allowed, but the last occurrence will be interpreted to be the extension separator in VMS, DOS, and Windows. In other OSes, usually considered as part of the filename, and more than one period (full stop) may be allowed. In Unix, a leading period means the file or folder is normally hidden.
Allowed, but the space is also used as a parameter separator in command line applications. This can be solved by quoting the entire filename.
Note 1: While they are allowed in Unix file and folder names, most Unix shells require specific characters such as spaces, <, >, |, \, and sometimes :, (, ), &, ;, #, as well as wildcards such as ? and *, to be quoted or escaped:
five\ and\ six\<seven (example of escaping)
'five and six<seven' or "five and six<seven" (examples of quoting)
The character 0xE5 was not allowed as the first letter in a filename under 86-DOS and MS-DOS/PC DOS 1.x-2.x, but can be used in later versions.
In Windows utilities, the space and the period are not allowed as the final character of a filename.[16] The period is allowed as the first character, but some Windows applications, such as Windows Explorer, forbid creating or renaming such files (despite this convention being used in Unix-like systems to describe hidden files and directories). Workarounds include appending a dot when renaming the file (that is then automatically removed afterwards), using alternative file managers, or saving a file with the desired filename from within an application.[17]
Some file systems on a given operating system (especially file systems originally implemented on other operating systems), and particular applications on that operating system, may apply further restrictions and interpretations. See comparison of file systems for more details on restrictions.
In Unix-like systems, DOS, and Windows, the filenames "." and ".." have special meanings (current and parent directory respectively). Windows 95/98/ME also uses names like "...", "...." and so on to denote grandparent or great-grandparent directories.[18] All Windows versions forbid creation of filenames that consist of only dots, although names consist of three dots ("...") or more are legal in Unix.
In addition, in Windows and DOS utilities, some words are also reserved and cannot be used as filenames.[17] For example, DOS device files:[19]
CON, PRN, AUX, CLOCK$, NUL
COM1, COM2, COM3, COM4, COM5, COM6, COM7, COM8, COM9 [20]
LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, LPT4, LPT5, LPT6, LPT7, LPT8, LPT9 [20]
LST (only in 86-DOS and DOS 1.xx)
KEYBD$, SCREEN$ (only in multitasking MS-DOS 4.0)
$IDLE$ (only in Concurrent DOS 386, Multiuser DOS and DR DOS 5.0 and higher)
CONFIG$ (only in MS-DOS 7.0-8.0)
Systems that have these restrictions cause incompatibilities with some other filesystems. For example, Windows will fail to handle, or raise error reports for, these legal UNIX filenames: aux.c,[21] q"uote"s.txt, or NUL.txt.
NTFS filenames that are used internally include:
$Mft, $MftMirr, $LogFile, $Volume, $AttrDef, $Bitmap, $Boot, $BadClus, $Secure,
$Upcase, $Extend, $Quota, $ObjId and $Reparse
Comparison of filename limitationsEdit
Main article: Comparison of file systems
This article appears to contradict the article Smart File System. Please see discussion on the linked talk page. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Allowed character set
Maximum length (characters)
8-bit FAT
? ? 7-bit ASCII (but stored as bytes) first character not allowed to be 0x00 or 0xFF 9 Maximum 9 character base name limit for sequential files (without extension), or maximum 6 and 3 character extension for binary files; see 6.3 filename
FAT12, FAT16, FAT32
No No any SBCS/DBCS OEM codepage 0x00-0x1F 0x7F " * / : < > ? \ | + , . ; = [ ] (in some environments also: ! @; DOS 1/2 did not allow 0xE5 as first character) Device names including: $IDLE$ AUX COM1…COM4 CON CONFIG$ CLOCK$ KEYBD$ LPT1…LPT4 LST NUL PRN SCREEN$ (depending on AVAILDEV status everywhere or only in virtual \DEV\ directory) 11 Maximum 8 character base name limit and 3 character extension; see 8.3 filename
VFAT
No Yes Unicode, using UCS-2 encoding 0x00-0x1F 0x7F " * / : < > ? \ | 255
No Yes Unicode, using UTF-16 encoding 0x00-0x1F 0x7F " * / : < > ? \ | 255
Optional Yes Unicode, using UTF-16 encoding 0x00-0x1F 0x7F " * / : < > ? \ | Only in root directory: $AttrDef $BadClus $Bitmap $Boot $LogFile $MFT $MFTMirr pagefile.sys $Secure $UpCase $Volume $Extend $Extend\$ObjId $Extend\$Quota $Extend\$Reparse ($Extend is a directory) 255 Paths can be up to 32,000 characters.
Forbids the use of characters in range 1-31 (0x01-0x1F) and characters " * / : < > ? \ | unless the name is flagged as being in the Posix namespace. NTFS allows each path component (directory or filename) to be 255 characters long[dubious – discuss].
Windows forbids the use of the MS-DOS device names AUX, CLOCK$, COM1, …, COM9, CON, LPT1, …, LPT9, NUL and PRN, as well as these names with any extension (for example, AUX.txt), except when using Long UNC paths (ex. \\.\C:\nul.txt or \\?\D:\aux\con). (CLOCK$ may be used, if an extension is provided.) The Win32 API strips trailing space and period (full-stop) characters from filenames, except when UNC paths are used. These restrictions only apply to Windows; in Linux distributions that support NTFS, filenames are written using NTFS's Posix namespace, which allows any Unicode character except / and NUL.
OS/2 HPFS
No Yes any 8-bit set |\?*<":>/ 254
Mac OS HFS
No Yes any 8-bit set : 255 old versions of Finder are limited to 31 characters
Mac OS HFS+
Optional Yes Unicode, using UTF-16 encoding : on disk, in classic Mac OS, and at the Carbon layer in macOS; / at the Unix layer in macOS 255 Mac OS 8.1 - macOS
most UNIX file systems
Yes Yes any 8-bit set / null 255 a leading . indicates that ls and file managers will not show the file by default
z/OS classic MVS filesystem (datasets)
No No EBCDIC code pages other than $ # @ - x'C0' 44 first character must be alphabetic or national ($, #, @)
"Qualified" contains . after every 8 characters or fewer.[22] Partitioned data sets (PDS or PDSE) are divided into members with names of up to 8 characters; the member name is placed in parenthesises after the name of the PDS, e.g. PAYROLL.DEV.CBL(PROG001)
CMS file system
No No EBCDIC code pages 8 + 8 Single-level directory structure with disk letters (A–Z). Maximum of 8 character file name with maximum 8 character file type, separated by whitespace. For example, a TEXT file called MEMO on disk A would be accessed as "MEMO TEXT A". (Later versions of VM introduced hierarchical filesystem structures, SFS and BFS, but the original flat directory "minidisk" structure is still widely used.)
early UNIX (AT&T Corporation)
Yes Yes any 8-bit set / 14 a leading . indicates a "hidden" file
POSIX "Fully portable filenames"[23]
Yes Yes A–Z a–z 0–9 . _ - / null 14 hyphen must not be first character
No ? A–Z 0–9 _ . "close to 180"(Level 2) or 200(Level 3) Used on CDs; 8 directory levels max (for Level 1, not level 2,3)
AmigaOS
No Yes any 8-bit set : / " 107 dos.library
Amiga OFS
No Yes any 8-bit set : / " 30 Original File System 1985
Amiga FFS
No Yes any 8-bit set : / " 30 Fast File System 1988
Amiga PFS
No Yes any 8-bit set : / " 255 Professional File System 1993
Amiga SFS
No Yes any 8-bit set : / " 32,000 Smart File System 1998
Amiga FFS2
No Yes any 8-bit set : / " 107 Fast File System 2 2002
BeOS BFS
Yes Yes Unicode, using UTF-8 encoding / 255
DEC PDP-11 RT-11
No No RADIX-50 6 + 3 Flat filesystem with no subdirs. A full "file specification" includes device, filename and extension (file type) in the format: dev:filnam.ext.
DEC VAX VMS
No From
v7.2 A–Z 0–9 $ - _ 32 per component; earlier 9 per component; latterly, 255 for a filename and 32 for an extension. a full "file specification" includes nodename, diskname, directory/ies, filename, extension and version in the format: OURNODE::MYDISK:[THISDIR.THATDIR]FILENAME.EXTENSION;2 Directories can only go 8 levels deep.
Commodore DOS
Yes Yes any 8-bit set :, = $ 16 length depends on the drive, usually 16
Yes Yes any 8-bit set SPACE ", : NULL CHR$(255) 6 Disks and tape drives are addressed either using a label (up to 8 characters) or a unit specification. The HP 250 file system does not use directories, nor does it use extensions to indicate file type. Instead the type is an attribute (e.g. DATA, PROG, BKUP or SYST for data files, program files, backups and the OS itself).[24]
Fully qualified file name
Long filename
Path (computing)
Slug (Web publishing)
Symbolic link
Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and Internationalized resource identifier
^ Howard, Randall (December 31, 2008). "General, History". Randalljhoward.com. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ a b c d e f David Robinso; Ienup Sung; Nicolas Williams (March 2006). "Solaris presentations: File Systems, Unicode, and Normalization" (PDF). San Francisco: Sun.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 4, 2012.
^ RFC 959 IETF.org RFC 959, File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
^ "File Name Encoding Repair Utility v1.0". Support.apple.com. June 1, 2006. Retrieved October 2, 2018.
^ "convmv - converts filenames from one encoding to another". J3e.de. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ "Re: git on MacOSX and files with decomposed utf-8 file names". KernelTrap. May 7, 2010. Archived from the original on March 15, 2011. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
^ "Fsutil command description page". Microsoft.com. Retrieved September 15, 2013.
^ "NTFS Hard Links, Directory Junctions, and Windows Shortcuts". Flex hex. Inv Softworks. Retrieved March 12, 2011.
^ a b "ddname support with FTP, z/OS V1R11.0 Communications Server IP User's Guide and Commands z/OS V1R10.0-V1R11.0 SC31-8780-09". IBM.com.
^ "Filenames with accents". Ned Batchelder. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ "NonNormalizingUnicodeCompositionAwareness - Subversion Wiki". Wiki.apache.org. January 21, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ "Cross platform filepath naming conventions - General Programming". GameDev.net. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ "CaseInsensitiveFilenames - The Official Wine Wiki". Wiki.winehq.org. November 8, 2009. Archived from the original on August 18, 2010. Retrieved August 20, 2010.
^ "The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6". IEEE Std 1003.1-2001. The Open Group. 2001.
^ "Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces (Windows)". Msdn.microsoft.com. August 26, 2013. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ "Windows Naming Conventions". MSDN, Microsoft.com. See last bulleted item.
^ a b Naming a file msdn.microsoft.com (MSDN), filename restrictions on Windows
^ Microsoft Windows 95 README for Tips and Tricks, Microsoft, retrieved August 27, 2015
^ MS-DOS Device Driver Names Cannot be Used as File Names., Microsoft
^ a b Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces, Microsoft
^ Ritter, Gunnar (January 30, 2007). "The tale of "aux.c"". Heirloom Project.
^ "Subparameter Definition, z/OS V1R11.0 MVS JCL Reference". IBM.com. Retrieved September 17, 2013.
^ Lewine, Donald. POSIX Programmer's Guide: Writing Portable UNIX Programs 1991 O'Reilly & Associates, Inc. Sebastopol, CA pp63-64
^ Hewlett-Packard Company Roseville, CA HP 250 Syntax Reference Rev 1/84 Manual Part no 45260-90063
Look up filename or filenames in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Data Formats Filename at Curlie
FILExt
WikiExt - File Extensions Encyclopedia
Naming Files, Paths, and Namespaces (MSDN)
2009 POSIX portable filename character set
Standard ECMA-208, December 1994, System-Independent Data Format
Best Practices for File Naming, USA: Stanford University Libraries, Data Management Services
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Filename&oldid=936722381"


text:
Асет Сейтказыевич Матаев (; род. 8 января 1985, Караганда, Казахская ССР, СССР) — казахстанский журналист и медиаменеджер. Сооснователь международного информационного агентства КазТАГ. Ранее — исполнительный директор Национального пресс-клуба.

Биография
Окончил Казахский национальный университет имени Аль-Фараби (2005) по специальности «журналистика» и магистратуру Georgian Institute of Public Affairs (2008) по специальности «медиаменеджмент».
Журналистикой начал заниматься в студенческие годы. Работал корреспондентом обзорно-аналитического журнала Exclusive и информационного агентства Kazakhstan Today. В 2008 году с отцом, Сейтказы Матаевым, основал международное информационное агентство КазТАГ.

Преследование семьи Матаевых
В 2016 году Сейтказы и Асет Матаевы были обвинены Национальным бюро по противодействию коррупции в присвоении многомиллионных средств и недобросовестном исполнении договорных обязательств по жалобам Комитета связи и информации РК и акционерного общества «Казахтелеком».

10 марта 2016 года была опубликована резолюция Европарламента, осуждающая преследование независимых и критически настроенных СМИ, журналистов и блогеров; использование властями Казахстана политически мотивированных обвинений.

3 октября 2016 года Сейтказы и Асет Матаевы были признаны виновными в мошенничестве и неуплате налогов; приговорены к 6 и 5 годам тюремного заключения с конфискацией имущества, соответственно.
В своем последнем слове Сейтказы Матаев огласил имена инициаторов преследования, среди которых были на то время председатель Мажилиса Парламента РК Нурлан Нигматулин, экс-заместитель главы Нацбюро по противодействию коррупции Талгат Татубаев и казахстанский олигарх Александр Клебанов.

17 февраля 2017 года Международный фонд защиты свободы слова «Адил соз» опубликовал заявление о нарушении международных обязательств Казахстана и конституционных гарантий в отношении свободы слова и выражения мнения и преследовании журналистов и гражданских активистов, в котором потребовал пересмотреть судебные решения и освободить Матаевых и других журналистов, блогеров и гражданских активистов.

16 ноября 2017 года Капшагайский городской суд частично удовлетворил ходатайство об условно-досрочном освобождении Сейтказы Матаева, освободил его на оставшийся срок один год, пять месяцев и четыре дня, установив пробационный контроль.

24 апреля 2018 года Алматинский областной суд принял решение о переводе Асета Матаева в учреждение минимальной безопасности (колония-поселение).

19 июля 2022 года судебная коллегия Верховного суда Республики Казахстан рассмотрела уголовное дело в отношении осужденных Сейтказы и Асета Матаевых по протесту генерального прокурора и отменила судебные акты. Производство по делу прекращено за отсутствием в деяниях Матаевых состава преступления.

Семья
Отец – Сейтказы Бейсенгазыевич Матаев, председатель правления Союза журналистов Казахстана (с 2018 г.), президент Национального пресс-клуба (с 1996 г.), пресс-секретарь Президента Республики Казахстан (1991-1993), пресс-секретарь Правительства Республики Казахстан (1993-1994).

Деятельность
В октябре 2016 года Сейтказы и Асет Матаевы номинированы на премию международной организации «Индекс цензуры».

С 2020 года Асет Матаев занимает должность председателя Алматинского городского филиала Союза журналистов Казахстана.

В феврале 2022 года Асет Матаев приобретает казахстанский медиапроект HOLA News, основатели которого ранее покинули проект по причине частых блокировок сайта.

Примечания

Ссылки

Выпускники Казахского национального университета имени аль-Фараби
Журналисты Казахстана


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The year ahead in food regulation and labelling
Last year was a year of breaking bad that included much discussion and anticipation over the future of food regulation in Canada. It also threw in a few surprises, such as transitioning the authority of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) from Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada to Health Canada. Many questions concerning the future of how food will be regulated still need to be addressed.
Gary Gnirss
Gary is a partner and president of Legal Suites, Inc., specializing in regulatory software and services
All posts by Gary Gnirss
Bake & Snack Food
Meat &Poultry
This year will further the discussions of 2013, including on food labelling modernization, which still has quite a bit work ahead of it. It's anticipated that early this year proposed Import Food Sector Regulations will be published in Canada Gazette. These regulations will be promulgated under the Canada Agriculture Products Act (CAPA), which will be repealed when the Safe Foods for Canadians Act (SFCA) comes into full force. They will, however, serve as an evolutionary step and a tangible insight of how the CFIA could further evolve regulations eventually applicable to all foods in Canada. While these regulations are not geared directly at labelling, they will provide a glimpse of how food labelling may fit onto the CFIA's ideas on compliance assurance under a new licencing regime to be developed.
The scope of food regulatory reform now underway is enormous. There are various components to this that are not all the same stage in development. Food labelling is one of those components. In the first half of 2014 it's expected that the CFIA will publish its recommendations and options; later this year the CFIA is expected to further engage industry on those proposed recommendations. A final report on food labelling modernization will likely not be ready until the first half of 2015, and we could see proposed food labelling regulations next year. These would be food-labelling matters under the authority of the federal government.
Food labelling is currently governed by a multitude of regulations, many of which will be repealed with the implementation of the SFCA. That means that some food labelling regulations under the SFCA will need to be created. Food labelling is also governed by the Food and Drug Regulations (FDR), which are under the Food and Drugs Act (FDA), so changes here also need to be made. Since Health Canada was given authority over both the FDA and SFCA in 2013, this creates an intriguing dynamic in how this new food labelling modernization house of cards can be played. Both Acts provide for the incorporation by reference, and food additives are already regulated as such under the FDA. The CFIA's food labelling strategy will likely make good use of this provision in areas that are perpetually evolving, like food standards.
Much of the food labelling comments from stakeholders in 2013 touched on areas that are governed by the FDR, as these regulations cover a large part of food labelling. Labelling matters such as the dealer name, address, country of origin and net contents are the usual suspects in this discussion, and matters related to highlighting ingredients and flavours also need to be addressed. Another complex labelling feature to tackle is ingredient labelling, which is largely governed by the FDR.
Health Canada does not have much appetite to make significant changes to nutrition labelling at this time. It may, however, be reasonable to expect that some housekeeping changes will be made. In 2005 the ministry had proposed but never finalized making certain changes, including the provision for more nutrition facts tables, more reference amounts and more prescription on making and presenting certain claims. It may be tempting for Health Canada to now make at least some of these changes. Could reference amounts be incorporated by reference?
The new relationship between Health Canada and the CFIA provides opportunity. The degree to which this will affect food-labelling modernization will start to unfold in 2014. Should be a fun year!
Gary Gnirss is a partner and president of Legal Suites Inc., specializing in regulatory software and services. Contact him at [email protected]
Feds introduce new definition for "local" food
CFIA unveils draft model for food inspection
Health Canada strengthens labelling regulations
Turn up the heat
"OB" and double "V" – Focus on Food Safety


On 5th January, Heritage currency auction sold a Friedberg 1218e Series 1882 $1,000 gold certificate for $600,000 at the Florida United Numismatists convention in Tampa. Graded Very Fine 30 by PMG, the note was an unrecorded example until now.
After this offering, five examples surfaced, out of which two were available for collectors. The remaining two examples are with Federal Reserve Banks of Chicago and San Francisco. Nobody knows anything about the fifth example.
The 1882 $1,000 gold certificates featured eight combinations of signatures. The offered note has signatures of William S. Rosecrans and Enos H. Nebeker. They were in office together from April 1891 to May 1893. 8,000 notes were issued in total for all signature combinations. This particular combination of signatures makes up 4.3 percent of the total notes printed.
The F-1218f note, with the J.W. Lyons–Ellis H. Roberts signature combination is the most common of all, with 11 known examples. Three of the signature combinations, F-1218a, F-1218b, and F-1218c, are a part of government collections. There are four known examples of F-1218d and F-1218g notes each.


Please arrive at least 15 minutes prior to kick-off so all teams can warm-up and coaches can organise teams.
The fixtures for next Saturday will be published here as soon as possible, normally by Monday evening. In the meantime take a look at the news from around the Midlothian area.
Great skill and determination on show at the recent Bonnyrigg Rose Festival.
Bonnyrigg Rose FC are launching a new initiative Street Soccer and Futsal.
Midlothian View spoke to the Bonnyrigg Rose Academy Manager, Mark Dickson, to find out more.
Arniston Rangers Youth Football and Gorebridge Opportunities Ltd to receive funding seized from criminals as part of the Scottish Government's innovative Cashback for Communities scheme.
Amy and Peter urge residents to get nominating in this year's Sports Awards.
One hundred and ten local primary school children from across Midlothian had an incredible morning of football yesterday, as the Tesco Bank Football Challenge visited the area.
The first intake of the Bonnyrigg Rose Football Academy attended their graduation ceremony this week.
Penicuik Athletic Youth Football Club were delighted to attend the Scottish FA's South East Region's Quality Mark Awards Ceremony where they were presented with the 'Legacy' Quality Mark.
Penicuik Athletic Youth Football Club have been awarded the Scottish Football Association's highest award, the SFA Legacy Award.
Bonnyrigg Rose 2007s had a great day out at Tynecastle with the Jambos Kickback match day programme as Hearts played Dundee.
With over 500 players and over 15 local clubs participating the Lothian Veterans Centre organised a very successful Armed Forces Day Football Festival.
This message was recently displayed at a Football 4s festival by the South West Region SFA. It is a good reminder to all parents that Football 4s and Super 5s is all about the players enjoying their football.


Your opinion is more likely to be considered by others when it is offered as such. If opinions are stated as directives or law then they are harder for others to take-in. "In my opinion", "From my perspective" or similar phrases can help effectively convey your message.
To check your work-life balance, experiment when asked "What do you do?" by replying with something about yourself other than your job or profession. If this is excessively difficult for you, it may indicate your work & identity scales are tipped towards your job-not you.
Good listening means allowing someone to speak without interruption. Holding your reaction helps you to effectively hear the message.
In difficult conversations, deliberate breathing before responding can help you to articulate your thoughts with more perspective.


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Article | Tax alert
House passes infrastructure bill, advances Build Back Better bill
Authored by Paul Dillon, Michelle Hobbs, Mike Schiavo, Kasey Pittman, Michael Wronsky, Pat Balthazor, Christine Faris, Kathleen Meade, Joe Schlueter, Jim Lawson, Christopher S. Brown, Kevin Kao
The House of Representatives has passed the $1.2 trillion Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act (the Infrastructure Act), commonly referred to as the bipartisan infrastructure bill. The Infrastructure Act now heads to the White House for signature where it is expected to be signed as soon as President Joe Biden receives it. The House also passed a rule allowing it to bring to the floor its version of the president's Build Back Better (BBB) agenda. Additional action by the House is not expected before the Congressional Budget Office (CBO) scores the bill, which could take one to two weeks. It is anticipated the CBO score will confirm earlier estimates that the bill is fully paid for by revenue offsets. Assuming that is correct and the House passes the BBB bill, it will then head to the Senate where it faces an uncertain future.
The Infrastructure Act is the largest infrastructure investment in decades. It also contains three tax provisions: the termination of the employee retention credit (ERC) as of Sept. 30, 2021, an interest rate smoothing extension for pension plans, and new reporting requirements for digital assets. Under the new law, the definition of a broker will be expanded to include those who operate trading platforms for cryptocurrency and other digital assets. In addition, brokers will be subject to new reporting requirements for purchases, sales, transfers and transactions involving cryptocurrency.
For a discussion of the tax changes in the Infrastructure Act, see our previous alert.
The BBB contains major tax change proposals, which you have no doubt read about over recent weeks, including a surtax on millionaires, a corporate minimum tax, changes to the business interest limitation rules, expansion of the net investment income tax, and a variety of other provisions designed to raise revenue in order to fund the bill's expenditures of roughly $2 trillion.
Notably, several anticipated provisions of the original BBB agenda did not make their way into the final bill, including some hallmarks of President Biden's domestic agenda. These include corporate and ordinary individual rate changes, a capital gains tax rate increase, the short-lived billionaire tax as well as the step-up in basis rule modifications following a taxpayer's death, reductions in the estate tax exemption and changes to the grantor trust rules.
The bill could be altered after it proceeds to the Senate, requiring the House to approve any changes before the bill goes to the president's desk for signature. Unlike the Infrastructure Act, the BBB has received only Democratic support to date. Without bipartisan support, the bill can only pass the Senate using the reconciliation process, which will require the support of all 50 Democratic senators. At this time, Sen. Joe Manchin of West Virginia, arguably the driving force behind reducing the price tag of the BBB from the original cost of $3.5 trillion, has yet to signal his support of the current bill. Consequently, amendments are expected as negotiations continue. Rulings by the Senate parliamentarian as to whether some BBB provisions are eligible for inclusion in a reconciliation bill are also anticipated.
Provisions not in the final bill
Throughout 2021, there have been multiple versions of the BBB in various formats — House draft bills, Treasury's Green Book and White House frameworks. While focus is on the current proposed legislation, it is important to enumerate some previously discussed provisions that did not make it into the most recent bill:
Individual tax rates: No increase to the individual regular or capital gains tax rates. However, as mentioned earlier, there is a surcharge on high-income individuals, trusts and estates.
Billionaire wealth tax: No "mark to market" requirement for securities of wealthy taxpayers.
Corporate tax rates: No increase in the regular corporate tax rate. As discussed above, there is a new corporate minimum tax for large companies.
Section 199A qualified business income deduction: No new limitations on the section 199A deduction.
Trusts and estates: No changes to the estate tax exemption level and no changes to the step-up in basis of assets at death.
Grantor trusts: No changes to grantor trust taxation.
Carried interests: No change in the treatment of or the three-year holding period for carried interests.
Tax-free conversion from an S corporation to a partnership: The one-time ability to convert an S corporation to a partnership tax-free was not included in the current bill.
Bank reporting to IRS: No new requirements for banks to report certain account activity to the IRS.
Child and dependent care tax credit: No extension of the expanded child and dependent care tax credit.
Visit the links below for a high-level overview of the most significant proposed tax changes in the House-passed BBB.
Build Back Better bill: individual tax provisionsarrowCreated with Sketch.
Build Back Better bill: tax-related provisions for businessarrowCreated with Sketch.
Build Back Better bill: international tax provisionsarrowCreated with Sketch.
PA chamber's small business solutions series


Saskatchewan is not a typical tourist destination and especially in the winter. In 2011, I was invited to spend a week up in the Prince Albert National Park to learn all about animal tracking. After a little research I discovered that one of my childhood heroes, Grey Owl, had lived in a cabin here. Grey Owl was a sham. Not the 'Red Indian' who went from trapper to animal conservationist. He was an Englishman born in Hastings. That is another story but one worth reading.
When I left the airport in Saskatoon, the cold took my breath away. After that I wore everything I possessed, ski pants, thermals, cashmere, fleece, the lot. I was worried about my camera freezing up but I kept it in a padded bag most of time and only whipped it out for shots.
Prince Albert National Park was a white wonderland and deserted except for wildlife. I spotted a wolf kill on the first day. After that a guide showed me how to follow and identify tracks by snowshoe and dog sled. I saw beaver lodges and otter dens, came across wolves and was shown Grey Owl's original beaded ceremonial dress by a park ranger.
Saskatchewan is a place to explore. I learned that further north there were bison herds and ancient rock paintings. I saw just a tiny piece of a huge and interesting landscape.


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Q: Discovering the VoIP connection parameters for CISCO 7961 Not sure this question belong here, please redirect me to somewhere else in case.
I've a CISCO 7961, a VoIP phone, which receive its configuration from a company central server. I asked the IT people if they can tell me how the phone is configured to access VoIP services, for the simple reason that sometimes I would prefer to use a soft phone from my laptop. Since it seems it's difficult for them to give an answer, I wonder if there is some way to get such configuration from the phone itself (tried to navigate its menus, but no luck), or maybe by connecting it to a switch and sniffing the IP traffic it generates.
Thanks in advance for any help.

A: Reference Network Configuration Menu

Displaying a Configuration Menu
To display a configuration menu, perform the following steps.
Note You can control whether a phone has access to the Settings menu
  or to options on this menu by using the Settings Access field in the
  Cisco Unified Communications Manager Administration Phone
  Configuration page. The Settings Access field accepts these values:

*

*Enabled—Allows access to the Settings menu.

*Disabled—Prevents access to the Settings menu.

*•Restricted—Allows access to the User Preferences menu and allows volume changes to be saved. Prevents access to other options on the
  Settings menu.

*

*Press the Settings button to access the Settings menu.

*Perform one of these actions to display the desired menu:

*Use the Navigation button to select the desired menu and then press the Select softkey.

*Use the keypad on the phone to enter the number that corresponds to the menu.
3.To display a submenu repeat Step 2.

*To exit a menu, press the Exit softkey.

  Network Configuration Menu
The Network Configuration menu provides options for viewing and making
  a variety of network settings. Table 4-2 describes these options and,
  where applicable, explains how to change them.
SIP General Configuration Menu
The SIP General Configuration menu displays information about the
  configurable SIP parameters on the phone.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Over the years, Anastasia and I have given a number of presentations at various conferences and gatherings. This post pulls all of those into a one-stop resource for anyone interested (and for us to find more easily).
The post of gold at the end of the rainbow?


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