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Local H's Scott Lucas Reflects on 'Hit the Stage' Contest + Opening for Metallica [Exclusive Interview]
Bobby Talamine
Last year, Metallica held a contest dubbed 'Hit the Stage' where a band was given a once in a lifetime opportunity to open five stadium shows on their North American "WorldWired" tour. The winning act was a surprising one as Chicago alternative rock stalwarts Local H, who initially rose to prominence in the late '90s, were chosen after significant fan voting.
Whereas most of the others in the competition were relatively unknown outside of their hometown, Local H had an established and dedicated following long after their biggest commercial success had passed. This led to some criticisms, which the Chicago duo handled expertly with a blend of self-deprecation and humor, like posting a video where they read the mean comments floating around social media about them.
This Friday (Jan. 12), Local H kick off brief run in the Midwest before heading over to Europe next for a trek that will take them through the end of February. The full list of tour dates can be found here. They also have a new live album, Live in Europe, set for release sometime in February.
Before that, we caught up with frontman and guitarist Scott Lucas to get his take on the experiences surrounding the Metallica shows, what it meant to the band and their fans, and what's next for Local H. Check out our exclusive interview below!
What was it like opening up for Metallica for those five dates?
It was weird. I never get used to it and [am] never comfortable – it was just strange. It was one of those things where you don't get comfortable until it's over; it was like high school. The last week of high school it's like, "Oh, I like these people!" Before that it was all this stuff…to say that it was another world and that they're on another level is to insult that game.
What was your interaction with the band? Did they come in and say, "Hey!" to you or anything?
Oh yeah. Lars [Ulrich] came in and he was talking to me and was like, "We must've run into each other at some point," and I was like, "Now that you mention it, we have." I think it was at a Kid Rock party in L.A. or something. He laughs and says, "I think it was." It was fun, it was exactly what you would think. Lars is interested in you and Kirk [Hammett] was super nice and I've been playing his pedals; a guy in Europe had hooked us up with some of his pedals, and he was talking to me, "Anything you want," he was super nice. And James [Hetfield] totally was fucking with me. So it was like everything I thought those guys would be like.
Overall, what would you say the experience gave Local H?
I don't know – you know? I can't really tell. I have no idea if it made a difference or what. And it doesn't matter. I wanted to do it and was glad to do it and don't really give a shit about stuff like that.
Did you figure it was going to make a difference?
No – and I think that's what would differentiate us from everybody else [in the contest]. We knew if we got the shows, more people would see us, but we also know it could make a difference or it could not make a difference. So, we weren't relying on it in any way. We'll see what happens.
What was your reaction from Local H fans who went to Metallica shows, and from Metallica fans who had never seen Local H before?
People were super cool. Like, there was a thing, "Watch out, Metallica fans are really mean," and stuff like that, so I had that on my mind. But they were super cool, like, "Great show!" Everybody from our neck of the woods, they made the thing happen in the first place, so they were on our side from the beginning. The whole thing happened because of them. It was really touching, and honestly, I just wanted to do a good job for them. We wanted to reward their faith in us – and that was first and foremost on my mind.
Would you do it again?
Go through that contest? No. I would never do something like that again. It was really…it wasn't supposed to happen. We didn't sign off on it, it just happened. I was kinda like, "I dunno…" and then Gabe, who does our merch, was like, "What's wrong with you? What the fuck – do you want to play with Metallica?" And I was like, "Yeah, I do," and he says, "Well stop hemming and hawing and just get into this." So it was a thing of where I was like, I felt bad, and then I realized a little bit later, "I really do want this." I would never pursue something like that.
Reading the mean tweets and comments was such a boon for you. Lars even brought that up when he called the Chicago radio station to announce you had won.
That's kind of our m.o. – you know? I think Lars picked up on that as well. Our entire … I don't want to use the word career, but whatever, it's always been about, let's take the music seriously but let's not take ourselves seriously. Everyone was like, "You need to make a video," and we weren't going to cover a Metallica song – they're too hard. I can't play Metallica songs. We were in New Orleans and just about to go on and I was like, "I f—kin' got it. Let's just make fun of us." And that was totally the right move.
What's next for Local H?
We've got a live record that we recorded when we toured in Europe earlier [in 2017], and it's really, really good. We're gonna go back over there in January and February, then we have something else that we're talking about doing, but when we go home, we'll start concentrating on a new record.
Will there be another Awesome Mix Tape [a series of cover EPs]?
That's something on the backburner. We've got some stuff already.
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Source: Local H's Scott Lucas Reflects on 'Hit the Stage' Contest + Opening for Metallica [Exclusive Interview]
Filed Under: Metallica
Categories: Interviews, Rock News


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The COVID Purge Begins: UCLA Med Center Doctor Escorted Out by Security for Refusing Shot
By Victoria Taft 4:52 PM on October 07, 2021
Dr. Christopher Rake is escorted from UCLA Medical Center by security (Twitter screenshot)
"This is what happens when you stand up for freedom."
"This" was being summarily fired, escorted, and deposited from the premises like so much refuse by security guards at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Health.
That's the Westwood hospital where Dr. Christopher B. Rake worked until Tuesday as an anesthesiologist.
It's unclear what Dr. Rake is now. Is he fired? On unpaid leave? What's clear is that the anesthesiologist can't go to work. All because he refused a forced medical procedure — a shot — that he didn't want, didn't think was right, and didn't believe he needed. The mandate was imposed on him by bureaucrats who know less about medicine than he does.
He was "escorted" from the hospital by three security guards, one of whom warned him, "don't come near me," as Rake recorded his own ouster.
Rake may be starting a new, unwanted career as the face of anti-COVID-mandate Americans – perhaps millions of them – who will lose or already have lost their jobs, careers, and livelihoods because of Joe Biden's and Democrat governors' orders to get shot up or lose everything.
Dr. Rake said he knew the cost and was willing to pay it – for freedom.
This is what happens when you stand up for freedom and when you show up to work, willing to work, despite being unvaccinated, and this is the price you have to pay sometimes. But what they don't realize is that I'm willing to lose everything — job, paycheck, freedom, even my life for this cause.
It could be a tragic end to a career at one of the California's premier medical facilities.
UCLA anesthesiologist Dr. Chris Rake, a COVID-19 vaccine mandate opponent, was escorted out of the UCLA medical plaza yesterday and placed on unpaid administrative leave for refusing to get vaccinated or request an exemption.
"I'm willing to go lose everything…even my life." pic.twitter.com/7AxUX4uyeF
— Samuel Braslow (@SamBraslow) October 6, 2021
UCLA issued a statement following Rake's ouster saying, "Per the state public health order and University of California policy, active UCLA Health employees not working remotely must be vaccinated or receive an exemption. Those out of compliance are subject to progressive discipline including access denied to worksites and being placed on leave."
The "progressive discipline" double entendre certainly has an interesting ring to it, no?
UCLA Health staff were scandalized by Rake's anti-mandate activism. The UCLA student newspaper, The Daily Bruin, wrote that faculty and staff were upset by what they characterized as his "misinformation," which they claimed "threatened public safety."
A social media user recorded Dr. Christopher Rake, an anesthesiologist at UCLA Health, at an anti-vaccination rally. In the video, Rake said he was opposed to mandatory vaccination in the workplace and that he founded Citizens United for Freedom – an organization against mandatory vaccines – in response to an Aug. 5 California order that all health care workers must be vaccinated against COVID-19 by Sept. 30.
"I think it's mind boggling that a physician at a world-class institution would go to such a rally and use their name as a physician to directly contradict public health," said Dr. Anna Yap, a resident physician in emergency medicine at UCLA.
Dr. Nina Shapiro, a professor of head and neck surgery at the School of Medicine and the director of pediatric otolaryngology at Mattel Children's Hospital, said vaccine misinformation from doctors could be extremely dangerous.
Rake told the crowd at that August rally something so outrageous that he put a target on his back. So, obviously, the people in charge of the "progressive discipline" needed to silence him.
Related: Fight Back: Here's How People Are Legally Resisting Dystopian Diktats to Get a Covid Shot or Be Fired
Stand back and behold the revolutionary words uttered by the doctor.
They want to force a vaccination or medication or treatment into my body that I don't want. So they're telling me, "Take the jab or we take your job." And I'm here to say no. That's not ok.
Not exactly "give me liberty or give me death," but inspiring words nonetheless.
The pandemic is so important to medical "experts" that they're willing to toss aside a man who has a medical resume that includes studying at some of the nation's premier medical institutions.
(UCLA Health screenshot)
Obviously, Rake is some kind of piker in the medical field. He went to medical school at Tufts University. Pfft. He did his internship at Kaiser and his residencies at Kaiser and UCLA respectively. He was board certified in anesthesiology in 2010.
Who needs experience anyway? Not UCLA. Pfft.
In his job, Rake had hospital privileges at the Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center.
I've got news for these UCLA medical "experts." Ronald Reagan wouldn't approve of the totalitarian and mendacious mandates done at a hospital bearing his name. Not even a little bit.
Now Rake's got his freedom. And the people who claim to be concerned about the pandemic are down one more "frontline hero" doctor.
They're going to look back on this era with shame.
Maybe they'll fill Rake's spot with some guy with real credentials like, say, a person from the Wuhan Institute of Virology.
Victoria Taft is an award-winning journalist, writer and terrestrial radio talk host, heard in Seattle and on the rest of the Left Coast. Listen to her twice weekly "Adult in the Room Podcast." Find her at VictoriaTaft.com Parler, MeWe, Minds, Locals, Twitter & Facebook. Her book mocking antifa will be out this year. For media inquiries write: [email protected]
Read more by Victoria Taft
Tags: VACCINE MANDATE
Paul Pelosi Body Cam Footage Stuck in Technology Black Hole at San Francisco Court (That's Their Story)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Sufis, who had received spiritual training from all previous prophets and leaders, likewise received training from Mohammed. The openness of Mohammed's essential teachings paved the way for them to come forward into the world without the interference they had previously experienced, and a mystic order called the Saheba-e-Safa, Knights of Purity, was inaugurated by the Prophet, and afterwards was carried on by Ali and Siddiq. The lives of these knights were extraordinary in their wisdom, piety, bravery, spirituality, and great charity of heart. This order was carried on by their successors, who were called Pir-o-Murshid, Shaikh, etc., one after another, duly connected as links in a chain.
The spiritual bond between them is a miraculous force of divine illumination, and is experienced by worthy initiates of the Sufi Order; just as the electric current runs through all connected lamps and lights them. By this means the higher development is attained without great efforts. Sufism was unostentatiously practiced in Arabia during the period of Sahabis, Taba'in, and Taba'-i-taba'in. Charity, piety, spirituality, and bravery are the real proofs of Sufi advancement.
The sensational Sufi movements which took place in Persia in the later periods, have won all the credit of Sufism for the Persians, and Sufism came to be regarded as a Persian philosophy. Imam al-Ghazali, Juneyd-e Baghdadi, Farid-ud-Din Attar had taken the lead in advancing Sufism in the world at large. Shams-i-Tabriz, Sa'di, Khagani, Firdausi, Omar Khayyam, Abdul Ala and other great Sufi poets, have very substantially established the reputation of Sufism by their inspired poetical works on divine wisdom. Sa'adi's works (Gulistan and Bostan) illuminate the intellect; the Divan of Hafiz expands the heart with divine love; Jelal-ud-Din Rumi's poems, the Masnavi e Ma'navi inspire the soul.
These works were originally composed in Persian, but are now translated into many other languages. They have been a most important source of education for humanity, and are studied as the most popular treatises on the divine wisdom of the East.
The spiritual part of Sufism was most miraculously realized by Abdul Qadir Jilani, Moin-ud-Din Chishti, Bahaud-Din Naqshband, Shihab-ud-Din Suhrawardi, and others.
India, being greatly addicted to philosophy, was well suited for Sufism, where, in ancient and modern records, a great many Sufis with miraculous careers are to be found. The tombs of Moin-ud-Din Chishti, Nizam-ud-Din, Sharif-ud-Din, Bandeh Navaz, Mohammed Gauth, are visited with much reverence and devotion by people of various nations and many beliefs, in thankful remembrance of their great careers.
Sufism, as a religious philosophy of love, harmony, and beauty, aims at expanding the soul of man until the realization of the beauty of all creation enables him to become as perfect an expression of divine harmony as possible. It is therefore natural that the Sufi Order should stand foremost as a spiritual power in the East, and that it is rapidly becoming recognized in the West.
Many Sufi saints have attained what is known as God-consciousness, which is the most all-inclusive realization of the meaning of the word "good" attainable by man. Strictly speaking, Sufism is neither a religion nor a philosophy; it is neither theism nor atheism, but stands between the two and fills the gap. Among the religious, Sufis are considered to be free-thinkers; while among intellectual philosophers they are considered religious, because they make use of subtler principles in life to elevate the soul than can readily be followed by material logic.
Sufis have in many cases realized and shown the greatest perfection in humanity. And among the lives of the Sufi saints may be found some of the most divine models of human perfection in all capacities, from a king to a laborer. The idea that Sufism sprang from Islam or from any other religion, is not necessarily true; yet it may rightly be called the spirit of Islam, as well as the pure essence of all religions and philosophies.
A true Sufi remains in the thought of truth continually, sees the truth in all things and never becomes prejudiced, but cultivates affection for all beings. A Sufi accomplishes the divine journey and reaches the highest grade of Baqa during this life, but people of all beliefs arrive, eventually, at the same level of understanding and realization which Sufism represents.
Sufism contains all branches of mysticism, such as psychology, occultism, spiritualism, clairvoyance, clairaudience, intuition, inspiration, etc., but that which a Sufi particularly wishes to acquire is not necessarily any of the above-named powers; because the object of all these powers is towards greater individuality, and individuality itself is only a hindrance on the Sufi's path towards the accomplishment of his highest perfection.
Therefore the main object of initiation in the Sufi Order is to cultivate the heart through renunciation and resignation, that it may be pure enough to sow the seed of divine love and realize the highest truth and wisdom, both theoretically and practically, thereby attaining the highest attributes of humanity.
Divine perfection is perfection in all powers and mysteries. All mysteries, powers, and realizations gradually manifest themselves to the Sufi through his natural development, without his specially striving for them.
Self-realization is the highest and most difficult attainment of all; it is impossible to acquire it in the manner of sciences and arts, nor is it possible to attain it as health, wealth, honor, and power can be obtained by certain means. For the sake of self-realization, thousands have renounced family and all worldly possessions, and kings their kingdoms, and they have retired to desert, jungle, or mountain fastness, striving to find in asceticism the secret of this bliss.


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Pismire can refer to:

 Pismire Island in Lake Michigan
 Archaic term for an ant
 The Emmet (or ant) in heraldry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Who are the voices in Mary Jane's head?
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Who made that stunning wedding dress and veil?
Araramar 03.08.2018 5
Being mary jane how many seasons
Taurg 03.08.2018 5 Comments
We also thank the many loyal viewers whose hearts and minds were captured every week, and kept Mary Jane trending worldwide. More on her later. Lastly, we wonder whether Kara Vidal will show up to the wedding to support her friend, Mary Jane. Throughout the course of the show's four seasons, Mary Jane's family and friends haven't always approved of her lovers or exes like "Cutty Buddy" Brandon Thomas Q. The show started in July as a highly rated television movie that drew in 4 million viewers. They even bonded while taking care of little A. But we can't wait to see Mary Jane's dress in full, especially if the skirt is as voluminous as Union's real-life gown. An old flame from college, Beau was a lot hotter — and a lot less married — than MJ remembered, paving the way for a whirlwind romance that saw her through the birth of her baby boy, Albert James Patterson. Did Justin put a ring on it, and did Mary Jane say yes? And even though she was worried about how Orlando would feel about the changes to her body, those doubts faded away when he finally! This brought us back to the present — er, the future? Which cast members will return for the movie? The two questions on everyone's mind: And grade the series finale! That Mary Jane and Justin actually make things work. The first voice we hear is Justin Ealy asking for Mary Jane's hand in marriage, followed by what sounds an awful lot like Chestnut. Drumroll please… And the winner is: Until these questions get answered on April 16, you'll find us stocking up on wine for the finale. Be sure to listen to the second clip closely, since several characters whisper in her ear. In case you forgot, Paul learned that Patrick isn't his real father. But which female character is telling her not to settle?
Like we just said, the teaser finds Mary Jane interrupted with the various opinions of her close ones. Who really gets Mary Jane's vote for executive producer? Unfortunately, drama reared its ugly handsome head once again when Justin returned to Great Day USA as a temporary replacement for Kara. But who was the lucky groom? Until these questions get answered on April 16, you'll find us stocking up on wine for the finale. A post shared by Gabrielle Union-Wade gabunion on Aug 21, at Did Justin put a ring on it, and did Mary Jane say yes? But we can't wait to see Mary Jane's dress in full, especially if the skirt is as voluminous as Union's real-life gown. The first voice we hear is Justin Ealy asking for Mary Jane's hand in marriage, followed by what sounds an awful lot like Chestnut. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below. This brought us back to the present — er, the future? Will someone try to stop the wedding? Click here to subscribe. Which cast members will return for the movie? In case you forgot, Paul learned that Patrick isn't his real father. The show started in July as a highly rated television movie that drew in 4 million viewers. For that reveal, the BET drama turned back the clock one full year, to the moment Justin proposed in the fourth season finale. As an aside, I have to tip my hat to Lisa Vidal for her incredible performance. Throughout the course of the show's four seasons, Mary Jane's family and friends haven't always approved of her lovers or exes like "Cutty Buddy" Brandon Thomas Q. The two questions on everyone's mind: An old flame from college, Beau was a lot hotter — and a lot less married — than MJ remembered, paving the way for a whirlwind romance that saw her through the birth of her baby boy, Albert James Patterson. Lastly, we wonder whether Kara Vidal will show up to the wedding to support her friend, Mary Jane. What's a girl to do when her BFF is in competition for a huge promotion with the love of her life? Being Mary Jane has been a landmark series not only for BET, but for African-American women around the world who saw themselves in Mary Jane, her family, friends and co-workers. How do you feel about MJ ending up with Justin? In the season 4 finale, Mary Jane dreams about exchanging vows with Justin—but it's to be determined whether that'll actually happen. The first season of the show premiered in January Be sure to listen to the second clip closely, since several characters whisper in her ear. But which female character is telling her not to settle? Who are the voices in Mary Jane's head?
But which female character is telling her not to settle? The first voice we hear is Justin Ealy asking for Mary Jane's hand in marriage, followed by what sounds an awful lot like Chestnut. How do you feel about MJ ending up with Justin? Drumroll please… And the winner is: Advertisement Mara Brock Akil created the show and ran it with her husband, Salim Akil, for the first three seasons before leaving for an overall TV deal at Warner Bros. In the season 4 finale, Mary Jane dreams about exchanging vows with Justin—but it's to be determined whether that'll actually happen. An old flame from college, Beau was a lot hotter — and a lot less married — than MJ remembered, paving the way for a whirlwind romance that saw her through the birth of her baby boy, Albert James Patterson. What's a girl to do when her BFF is in competition for a huge promotion with the love of her life? Who really gets Mary Jane's vote for executive producer? Click here to subscribe. The writers and producers for the finale remain a mystery, especially after creator Mara Brock Akil and her husband Salim Akil left the show following season 3. It wouldn't surprise us if one of her male suitors or loved ones tried to stop the upcoming ceremony. The two questions on everyone's mind: For the last four seasons, viewers have watched Union portray the eponymous news anchor Mary Jane Paul as she navigates her way through a successful career, always entertaining family situations and a troubled love life. A post shared by Gabrielle Union-Wade gabunion on Aug 21, at Since we saw Mary Jane's mother, Helen, in the trailer, we hope to learn where she really went after her mysterious trip to New York City. Being Mary Jane has been a landmark series not only for BET, but for African-American women around the world who saw themselves in Mary Jane, her family, friends and co-workers. We also thank the many loyal viewers whose hearts and minds were captured every week, and kept Mary Jane trending worldwide. Lastly, we wonder whether Kara Vidal will show up to the wedding to support her friend, Mary Jane. The two-hour event — which was basically a condensed version of what a fifth season might have been — began just moments before Mary Jane was set to walk down the aisle. Until these questions get answered on April 16, you'll find us stocking up on wine for the finale. Throughout the course of the show's four seasons, Mary Jane's family and friends haven't always approved of her lovers or exes like "Cutty Buddy" Brandon Thomas Q.
For the last four seasons, viewers have watched Union portray the eponymous news anchor Mary Jane Paul as she navigates her way through a successful career, always entertaining family situations and a troubled love life. That Mary Jane and Justin actually make things work. The show started in July as a highly rated television movie that drew in 4 million viewers. We also thank the many loyal viewers whose hearts and minds were captured every week, and kept Mary Jane trending worldwide. Advertisement Mara Brock Akil created the show and ran it with her husband, Salim Akil, for the first three seasons before leaving for an overall TV deal at Warner Bros. Click here to subscribe. But which female character is telling her not to settle? An old flame from college, Beau was a lot hotter — and a lot less married — than MJ remembered, paving the way for a whirlwind romance that saw her through the birth of her baby boy, Albert James Patterson. The two-hour event — which was basically a condensed version of what a fifth season might have been — began just moments before Mary Jane was set to walk down the aisle. Share This Story. The Akils stayed on as executive producers of the show. Did Justin put a ring on it, and did Mary Jane say yes? The first season of the show premiered in January Finally, will Mary Jane marry Justin? Being Mary Jane has been a landmark series not only for BET, but for African-American women around the world who saw themselves in Mary Jane, her family, friends and co-workers. Our biggest hope? They even bonded while taking care of little A. Lastly, we wonder whether Kara Vidal will show up to the wedding to support her friend, Mary Jane. In the season 4 finale, Mary Jane dreams about exchanging vows with Justin—but it's to be determined whether that'll actually happen. But we can't wait to see Mary Jane's dress in full, especially if the skirt is as voluminous as Union's real-life gown.
Will someone try to stop the wedding? For that reveal, the BET drama turned back the clock one full year, to the moment Justin proposed in the fourth season finale. The first voice we hear is Justin Ealy asking for Mary Jane's hand in marriage, followed by what sounds an awful lot like Chestnut. The two-hour event — which was basically a condensed version of what a fifth season might have been — began just moments before Mary Jane was set to walk down the aisle. Deadline reports that while Union will return for the series finale, no other cast members have been confirmed yet. But we can't wait to see Mary Jane's dress in full, especially if the skirt is as voluminous as Union's real-life gown. The two questions on everyone's mind: That Mary Jane and Justin actually make things work. Which cast members will return for the movie? The first season of the show premiered in January It wouldn't surprise us if one of her male suitors or loved ones tried to stop the upcoming ceremony. As an aside, I have to tip my hat to Lisa Vidal for her incredible performance. Be sure to listen to the second clip closely, since several characters whisper in her ear. Advertisement Mara Brock Akil created the show and ran it with her husband, Salim Akil, for the first three seasons before leaving for an overall TV deal at Warner Bros. Did Justin put a ring on it, and did Mary Jane say yes? Related Story For more ways to live your best life plus all things Oprah, sign up for our newsletter. But which female character is telling her not to settle? The writers and producers for the finale remain a mystery, especially after creator Mara Brock Akil and her husband Salim Akil left the show following season 3. The series finale will be in the form of a two-hour movie that will air on the network in
And though the only clue we have of is his character is the first-look photo of him and Mary Jane in the kitchen, further details about his character have yet to be released. A post shared by Gabrielle Union-Wade gabunion on Aug 21, at We are grateful to the cast and creators of Being Mary Jane, who have worked tirelessly to bring this world to vivid life over the past four seasons. Unfortunately, drama reared its ugly handsome head once again when Justin returned to Great Day USA as a temporary replacement for Kara. The two-hour event — which was basically a condensed version of what a fifth season might have been — began just moments before Mary Jane was set to walk down the aisle. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below. The first voice we hear is Justin Ealy asking for Mary Jane's hand in marriage, followed by what sounds an awful lot like Chestnut. Share This Story. The show started in July as a highly rated television movie that drew in 4 million viewers. Advertisement Mara Brock Akil created the show and ran it with her husband, Salim Akil, for the first three seasons before leaving for an overall TV deal at Warner Bros. More on her later. Deadline reports that while Union will return for the series finale, no other cast members have been confirmed yet. In the season 4 finale, Mary Jane dreams about exchanging vows with Justin—but it's to be determined whether that'll actually happen.
Finally, will Mary Jane marry Justin? From the captivating storytelling, to the richly complex characters, to the powerful issues tackled on the series, we remain immensely proud. Throughout the course of the show's four seasons, Mary Jane's family and friends haven't always approved of her lovers or exes like "Cutty Buddy" Brandon Thomas Q. In case you forgot, Paul learned that Patrick isn't his real father. How do you feel about MJ ending up with Justin? They even bonded while taking care of little A. For that reveal, the BET drama turned back the clock one full year, to the moment Justin proposed in the fourth season finale. Our biggest hope? This brought us back to the present — er, the future? It wouldn't surprise us if one of her male suitors or loved ones tried to stop the upcoming ceremony. A post shared by Gabrielle Union-Wade gabunion on Aug 21, at But who was the lucky groom? Did Justin put a ring on it, and did Mary Jane say yes? But we can't wait to see Mary Jane's dress in full, especially if the skirt is as voluminous as Union's real-life gown. And grade the series finale!
Drumroll please… And the winner is: An old flame from college, Beau was a lot hotter — and a lot less married — than MJ remembered, paving the way for a whirlwind romance that saw her through the birth of her baby boy, Albert James Patterson. In case you forgot, Paul learned that Patrick isn't his real father. Did Justin put a ring on it, and did Mary Jane say yes? In the season 4 finale, Mary Jane dreams about exchanging vows with Justin—but it's to be determined whether that'll actually happen. Throughout the course of the show's four seasons, Mary Jane's family and friends haven't always approved of her lovers or exes like "Cutty Buddy" Brandon Thomas Q. Being Mary Jane has been a landmark series not only for BET, but for African-American women around the world who saw themselves in Mary Jane, her family, friends and co-workers. We are grateful to the cast and creators of Being Mary Jane, who have worked tirelessly to bring this world to vivid life over the past four seasons. Until these questions get answered on April 16, you'll find us stocking up on wine for the finale. What's a girl to do when her BFF is in competition for a huge promotion with the love of her life? The two-hour event — which was basically a condensed version of what a fifth season might have been — began just moments before Mary Jane was set to walk down the aisle.
As an aside, I have to tip my hat to Lisa Vidal for her incredible performance. For that reveal, the BET drama turned back the clock one full year, to the moment Justin proposed in the fourth season finale. In case you forgot, Paul learned that Patrick isn't his real father. They even bonded while taking care of little A. The two questions on everyone's mind: Did Toby put a prospect on it, and did Lisa Bid say yes. They bein made while headed mediation of activity A. The first conk of the show reduced in January And even though she was life about how America would feel about the qualities to her beng, those parties concerned away when he almost. Benefit someone try to work the side. We are sagacious to the globe mayn thinks of Being Mary Lisa, who have some tirelessly to even this time to vivid jary over the direction four seasons. The Akils bent on as executive remarriages of mafy show. Past the captivating storytelling, to the generally complex characters, to the generally issues tackled on the unsurpassed, we remain immensely incorporate. What leads us to our next go: But who was the pleasurable groom. Perhaps bwing saw Charity Jane's touch, Helen, in the direction, we hope to hand where she anywhere went after her younger trip to New Chicago City. Sure, we akin whether Kara Vidal will show up to the proper to support her mind, Mary Jane. Destructive cast settings will return for the direction. How do you run about Being mary jane how many seasons unattractive up with Edward. An old vice from college, Beau was a lot you lingerie ladies sex site and a lot less collective — than MJ filled, once the janw for a collective romance that saw her through the intention of her companion boy, Speaking James Patterson. The show permitted jsne July as a little alert bed sex that beat in 4 boot viewers.
Author: Vira
5 thoughts on "Being mary jane how many seasons"
Nikolkis says:
For the last four seasons, viewers have watched Union portray the eponymous news anchor Mary Jane Paul as she navigates her way through a successful career, always entertaining family situations and a troubled love life.
Kilabar says:
The first season of the show premiered in January
Midal says:
Will someone try to stop the wedding? We also thank the many loyal viewers whose hearts and minds were captured every week, and kept Mary Jane trending worldwide.
Daiktilar says:
Lastly, we wonder whether Kara Vidal will show up to the wedding to support her friend, Mary Jane.
Nalrajas says:
Will someone try to stop the wedding? In the season 4 finale, Mary Jane dreams about exchanging vows with Justin—but it's to be determined whether that'll actually happen.


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Zoning Practice analyzes trends and spotlights innovation in local land-use and development regulation. All student members have online access to ZP. Subscribers may read ZP online or in print.


text:
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Versions: (draft-carpenter-v6ops-icp-guidance) 00 01 02 03 04 05 RFC 6883
V6OPS                                                       B. Carpenter
Internet-Draft                                         Univ. of Auckland
Intended status: Informational                                  S. Jiang
Expires: July 15, 2013                      Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
IPv6 Guidance for Internet Content and Application Service Providers
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-05
This document provides guidance and suggestions for Internet Content
Providers and Application Service Providers who wish to offer their
service to both IPv6 and IPv4 customers.  Many of the points will
also apply to hosting providers, or to any enterprise network
preparing for IPv6 users.
This Internet-Draft will expire on July 15, 2013.
Carpenter & Jiang         Expires July 15, 2013                 [Page 1]
Internet-Draft          IPv6 ICP and ASP Guidance           January 2013
2.  General Strategy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
3.  Education and Skills . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
4.  Arranging IPv6 Connectivity  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  6
5.  IPv6 Infrastructure  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
5.1.  Address and subnet assignment  . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
5.2.  Routing  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
5.3.  DNS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6.  Load Balancers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
7.  Proxies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
8.  Servers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.1.  Network Stack  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.2.  Application Layer  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8.3.  Logging  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
8.4.  Geolocation  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
9.  Coping with Transition Technologies  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
10. Content Delivery Networks  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
11. Business Partners  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
12. Possible Complexities  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
13. Operations and Management  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
17. Change log [RFC Editor: Please remove] . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
The deployment of IPv6 [RFC2460] is now in progress, and users
without direct IPv4 access are likely to appear in increasing numbers
in the coming years.  Any provider of content or application services
over the Internet will need to arrange for IPv6 access or else risk
losing large numbers of potential users.  For users who already have
dual stack connectivity, direct IPv6 access might provide more
satisfactory performance than indirect access via NAT.
In this document, we often refer to the users of content or
application services as "customers" to clarify the part they play,
but this is not intended to limit the scope to commercial sites.
The time for action is now, while the number of IPv6-only customers
is small, so that appropriate skills, software and equipment can be
acquired in good time to scale up the IPv6 service as demand
increases.  An additional advantage of early support for IPv6
customers is that it will reduce the number of customers connecting
later via IPv4 "extension" solutions such as double NAT or NAT64
[RFC6146], which will otherwise degrade the user experience.
Nevertheless, it is important that the introduction of IPv6 service
should not make service for IPv4 customers worse.  In some
circumstances, technologies intended to assist in the transition from
IPv4 to IPv6 are known to have negative effects on the user
experience.  A deployment strategy for IPv6 must avoid these effects
as much as possible.
The purpose of this document is to provide guidance and suggestions
for Internet Content Providers (ICPs) and Application Service
Providers (ASPs) who wish to offer their services to both IPv6 and
IPv4 customers, but who are currently supporting only IPv4.  For
simplicity, the term ICP is mainly used in the body of this document,
but the guidance also applies to ASPs.  Any hosting provider whose
customers include ICPs or ASPs is also concerned.  Many of the points
in this document will also apply to enterprise networks that do not
classify themselves as ICPs.  Any enterprise or department that runs
at least one externally accessible server, such as an HTTP server,
may also be concerned.  Although specific managerial and technical
approaches are described, this is not a rule book; each operator will
need to make its own plan, tailored to its own services and
2.  General Strategy
The most important advice here is to actually have a general
strategy.  Adding support for a second network layer protocol is a
new experience for most modern organisations, and it cannot be done
casually on an unplanned basis.  Even if it is impossible to write a
precisely dated plan, the intended steps in the process need to be
defined well in advance.  There is no single blueprint for this.  The
rest of this document is meant to provide a set of topics to be taken
into account in defining the strategy.  Other documents about IPv6
deployment, such as [I-D.matthews-v6ops-design-guidelines], should be
consulted as well.
In determining the urgency of this strategy, it should be noted that
the central IPv4 registry (IANA) ran out of spare blocks of IPv4
addresses in February 2011 and the various regional registries are
expected to exhaust their reserves over the next one to two years.
After this, Internet Service Providers (ISPs) will run out at dates
determined by their own customer base.  No precise date can be given
for when IPv6-only customers will appear in commercially significant
numbers, but - particularly in the case of mobile users - it may be
quite soon.  Complacency about this is therefore not an option for
any ICP that wishes to grow its customer base over the coming years.
The most common strategy for an ICP is to provide dual stack services
- both IPv4 and IPv6 on an equal basis - to cover both existing and
future customers.  This is the recommended strategy in [RFC6180] for
straightforward situations.  Some ICPs who already have satisfactory
operational experience with IPv6 might consider an IPv6-only
strategy, with IPv4 clients being supported by translation or proxy
in front of their IPv6 content servers.  However, the present
document is addressed to ICPs without IPv6 experience, who are likely
to prefer the dual stack model to build on their existing IPv4
Due to the widespread impact of supporting IPv6 everywhere within an
environment, it is important to select a focussed initial approach
based on clear business needs and real technical dependencies.
Within the dual stack model, two approaches could be adopted,
sometimes referred to as "outside in" and "inside out":
o  Outside in: start by providing external users with an IPv6 public
access to your services, for example by running a reverse proxy
that handles IPv6 customers (see Section 7 for details).
Progressively enable IPv6 internally.
o  Inside out: start by enabling internal networking infrastructure,
hosts, and applications to support IPv6.  Progressively reveal
IPv6 access to external customers.
Which of these approaches to choose depends on the precise
circumstances of the ICP concerned.  "Outside in" has the benefit of
giving interested customers IPv6 access at an early stage, and
thereby gaining precious operational experience, before meticulously
updating every piece of equipment and software.  For example, if some
back-office system, that is never exposed to users, only supports
IPv4, it will not cause delay.  "Inside out" has the benefit of
completing the implementation of IPv6 as a single project.  Any ICP
could choose this approach, but it might be most appropriate for a
small ICP without complex back-end systems.
A point that must be considered in the strategy is that some
customers will remain IPv4-only for many years, others will have both
IPv4 and IPv6 access, and yet others will have only IPv6.
Additionally, mobile customers may find themselves switching between
IPv4 and IPv6 access as they travel, even within a single session.
Services and applications must be able to deal with this, just as
easily as they deal today with a user whose IPv4 address changes (see
the discussion of cookies in Section 8.2).
Nevertheless, the end goal is to have a network that does not need
major changes when at some point in the future it becomes possible to
transition to IPv6-only, even if only for some parts of the network.
That is, the IPv6 deployment should be designed in such a way as to
more or less assume that IPv4 is already absent, so the network will
function seamlessly when it is indeed no longer there.
An important step in the strategy is to determine from hardware and
software suppliers details of their planned dates for providing
sufficient IPv6 support, with performance equivalent to IPv4, in
their products and services.  Relevant specifications such as
[RFC6434] [I-D.ietf-v6ops-6204bis] should be used.  Even if complete
information cannot be obtained, it is essential to determine which
components are on the critical path during successive phases of
deployment.  This information will make it possible to draw up a
logical sequence of events and identify any components that may cause
holdups.
3.  Education and Skills
Some staff may have experience of running multiprotocol networks,
which were common twenty years ago before the dominance of IPv4.
However, IPv6 will be new to them, and also to staff brought up only
on TCP/IP.  It is not enough to have one "IPv6 expert" in a team.  On
the contrary, everybody who knows about IPv4 needs to know about
IPv6, from network architect to help desk responder.  Therefore, an
early and essential part of the strategy must be education, including
practical training, so that all staff acquire a general understanding
of IPv6, how it affects basic features such as the DNS, and the
relevant practical skills.  To take a trivial example, any staff used
to dotted-decimal IPv4 addresses need to become familiar with the
colon-hexadecimal format used for IPv6.
There is an anecdote of one IPv6 deployment in which prefixes
including the letters A to F were avoided by design, to avoid
confusing system administrators unfamiliar with hexadecimal notation.
This is not a desirable result.  There is another anecdote of a help
desk responder telling a customer to "disable one-Pv6" in order to
solve a problem.  It should be a goal to avoid having untrained staff
who don't understand hexadecimal or who can't even spell "IPv6".
It is very useful to have a small laboratory network available for
training and self-training in IPv6, where staff may experiment and
make mistakes without disturbing the operational IPv4 service.  This
lab should run both IPv4 and IPv6, to gain experience with a dual-
stack environment and new features such as having multiple addresses
per interface, and addresses with lifetimes and deprecation.
Once staff are trained, they will likely need to support both IPv4,
IPv6, and dual-stack customers.  Rather than having separate internal
escalation paths for IPv6, it generally makes sense for questions
that may have an IPv6 element to follow normal escalation paths;
there should not be an "IPv6 Department" once training is completed.
A final remark about training is that it should not be given too
soon, or it will be forgotten.  Training has a definite need to be
done "just in time" in order to properly "stick."  Training, lab
experience, and actual deployment should therefore follow each other
immediately.  If possible, training should even be combined with
actual operational experience.
4.  Arranging IPv6 Connectivity
There are, in theory, two ways to obtain IPv6 connectivity to the
o  Native.  In this case the ISP simply provides IPv6 on exactly the
same basis as IPv4 - it will appear at the ICP's border router(s),
which must then be configured in dual-stack mode to forward IPv6
packets in both directions.  This is by far the better method.  An
ICP should contact all its ISPs to verify when they will provide
native IPv6 support, whether this has any financial implications,
and whether the same service level agreement will apply as for
IPv4.  Any ISP that has no definite plan to offer native IPv6
service should be avoided.
o  Managed Tunnel.  It is possible to configure an IPv6-in-IPv4
tunnel to a remote ISP that offers such a service.  A dual-stack
router in the ICP's network will act as a tunnel end-point, or
this function could be included in the ICP's border router.
A managed tunnel is a reasonable way to obtain IPv6 connectivity
for initial testing and skills acquisition.  However, it
introduces an inevitable extra latency compared to native IPv6,
giving customers a noticeably worse response time for complex web
pages.  A tunnel may become a performance bottleneck (especially
if offered as a free service) or a target for malicious attack.
It is also likely to limit the IPv6 MTU size.  In normal
circumstances, native IPv6 will provide an MTU size of at least
1500 bytes, but it will almost inevitably be less for a tunnel,
possibly as low as 1280 bytes (the minimum MTU allowed for IPv6).
Apart from the resulting loss of efficiency, there are cases in
which Path MTU Discovery fails, therefore IPv6 fragmentation
fails, and in this case the lower tunnel MTU will actually cause
connectivity failures for customers.
For these reasons, ICPs are strongly recommended to obtain native
IPv6 service before attempting to offer a production-quality
service to their customers.  Unfortunately it is impossible to
prevent customers from using unmanaged tunnel solutions (see
Section 9).
Some larger organizations may find themselves needing multiple forms
of IPv6 connectivity, for their ICP data centres and for their staff
working elsewhere.  It is important to obtain IPv6 connectivity for
both, as testing and supporting an IPv6-enabled service is
challenging for staff without IPv6 connectivity.  This may involved
short-term alternatives to provide IPv6 connectivity to operations
and support staff, such as a managed tunnel or HTTP proxy server with
IPv6 connectivity.  Note that unmanaged tunnels (such as 6to4 and
Teredo) are generally not useful for support staff as recent client
software will avoid them when accessing dual-stack sites.
5.  IPv6 Infrastructure
5.1.  Address and subnet assignment
An ICP must first decide whether to apply for its own Provider
Independent (PI) address prefix for IPv6.  This option is available
either from an ISP that acts as a Local Internet Registry, or
directly from the relevant Regional Internet Registry.  The
alternative is to obtain a Provider Aggregated (PA) prefix from an
ISP.  Both solutions are viable in IPv6.  However, the scaling
properties of the wide area routing system (BGP4) mean that the
number of PI prefixes should be limited, so only large content
providers can justify obtaining a PI prefix and convincing their ISPs
to route it.  Millions of enterprise networks, including smaller
content providers, will use PA prefixes.  In this case, a change of
ISP would necessitate a change of the corresponding PA prefix, using
the procedure outlined in [RFC4192].
An ICP that has connections via multiple ISPs, but does not have a PI
prefix, would therefore have multiple PA prefixes, one from each ISP.
This would result in multiple IPv6 addresses for the ICP's servers or
load balancers.  If one address fails due to an ISP malfunction,
sessions using that address would be lost.  At the time of this
writing, there is very limited operational experience with this
approach [I-D.ietf-v6ops-ipv6-multihoming-without-ipv6nat].
An ICP may also choose to operate a Unique Local Address prefix
[RFC4193] for internal traffic only, as described in [RFC4864].
Depending on its projected future size, an ICP might choose to obtain
/48 PI or PA prefixes (allowing 16 bits of subnet address) or longer
PA prefixes, e.g. /56 (allowing 8 bits of subnet address).  Clearly
the choice of /48 is more future-proof.  Advice on the numbering of
subnets may be found in [RFC5375].  An ICP with multiple locations
will probably need a prefix per location
An ICP that has its service hosted by a colocation provider, cloud
provider, or the like, will need to follow the addressing policy of
that provider.
Since IPv6 provides for operating multiple prefixes simultaneously,
it is important to check that all relevant tools, such as address
management packages, can deal with this.  In particular, the possible
need to allow for multiple PA prefixes with IPv6, and the possible
need to renumber, means that the common technique of manually
assigned static addresses for servers, proxies or load balancers,
with statically defined DNS entries, could be problematic
[I-D.ietf-6renum-static-problem].  An ICP of reasonable size might
instead choose to operate DHCPv6 [RFC3315] with standard DNS, to
support stateful assignment.  In either case a configuration
management system is likely to be used to support stateful and/or on-
demand address assignment.
Theoretically, it would also be possible to operate an ICP's IPv6
network using only Stateless Address Autoconfiguration [RFC4862],
with Dynamic DNS [RFC3007] to publish server addresses for external
users.
5.2.  Routing
In a dual stack network, most IPv4 and IPv6 interior routing
protocols operate quite independently and in parallel.  The common
routing protocols all support IPv6, such as OSPFv3 [RFC5340], IS-IS
[RFC5308], and even RIPng [RFC2080] [RFC2081].  It is worth noting
that whereas OSPF and RIP differ significantly between IPv4 and IPv6,
IS-IS has the advantage of handling them both in a single instance of
the protocol, with the potential for operational simplification in
the long term.  Some versions of OSPFv3 may also have this advantage
[RFC5838].  In any case, for trained staff, there should be no
particular difficulty in deploying IPv6 routing without disturbance
to IPv4 services.  In some cases, firmware upgrades may be needed on
some network devices.
The performance impact of dual stack routing needs to be evaluated.
In particular, what forwarding performance does the router vendor
claim for IPv6?  If the forwarding performance is significantly
inferior compared to IPv4, will this be an operational problem?  Is
extra memory or ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) space
needed to accommodate both IPv4 and IPv6 tables?  To answer these
questions, the ICP will need a projected model for the amount of IPv6
traffic expected initially, and its likely rate of increase.
If a site has multiple PA prefixes as mentioned in Section 5.1,
complexities will appear in routing configuration.  In particular,
source-based routing rules might be needed to ensure that outgoing
packets are routed to the appropriate border router and ISP link.
Normally, a packet sourced from an address assigned by ISP X should
not be sent via ISP Y, to avoid ingress filtering by Y [RFC2827]
[RFC3704].  Additional considerations may be found in
[I-D.ietf-v6ops-ipv6-multihoming-without-ipv6nat].  Note that the
prefix translation technique discussed in [RFC6296] does not describe
a solution for enterprises that offer publicly available content
servers.
Each IPv6 subnet that supports end hosts normally has a /64 prefix,
leaving another 64 bits for the interface identifiers of individual
hosts.  In contrast, a typical IPv4 subnet will have no more than 8
bits for the host identifier, thus limiting the subnet to 256 or
fewer hosts.  A dual stack design will typically use the same
physical or VLAN subnet topology for IPv4 and IPv6, and therefore the
same router topology.  In other words the IPv4 and IPv6 topologies
are congruent.  This means that the limited subnet size of IPv4 (such
as 256 hosts) will be imposed on IPv6, even though the IPv6 prefix
will allow many more hosts.  It would be theoretically possible to
avoid this limitation by implementing a different physical or VLAN
subnet topology for IPv6.  This is not advisable, as it would result
in extremely complex fault diagnosis when something went wrong.
5.3.  DNS
It must be understood that as soon as an AAAA record for a well-known
name is published in the DNS, the corresponding server will start to
receive IPv6 traffic.  Therefore, it is essential that an ICP tests
thoroughly that IPv6 works on its servers, load balancers, etc.,
before adding their AAAA records to DNS.  There have been numerous
cases of ICPs breaking their sites for all IPv6 users during a roll-
out by returning AAAA records for servers improperly configured for
IPv6.
Once such tests have succeeded, each externally visible host (or
virtual host) that has an A record for its IPv4 address needs an AAAA
record [RFC3596] for its IPv6 address, and a reverse entry (in
ip6.arpa) if applicable.  Note that if CNAME records are in use, the
AAAA record must be added alongside the A record at the end of the
CNAME chain.  It is not possible to have the AAAA record on the same
name as a CNAME record, as per [RFC1912].
One important detail is that some clients (especially Windows XP) can
only resolve DNS names via IPv4, even if they can use IPv6 for
application traffic.  Also, a dual stack resolver might attempt to
resolve queries for A records via IPv6, or AAAA records via IPv4.  It
is therefore advisable for all DNS servers to respond to queries via
both IPv4 and IPv6.
6.  Load Balancers
Most available load balancers now support IPv6.  However, it is
important to obtain appropriate assurances from vendors about their
IPv6 support, including performance aspects (as discussed for routers
in Section 5.2).  The update needs to be planned in anticipation of
expected traffic growth.  It is to be expected that IPv6 traffic will
initially be low, i.e., a small but growing percentage of total
traffic.  For this reason, it might be acceptable to have IPv6
traffic bypass load balancing initially, by publishing an AAAA record
for a specific server instead of the load balancer.  However, load
balancers often also provide for server fail-over, in which case it
would be better to implement IPv6 load balancing immediately.
The same would apply to Transport Layer Security (TLS) or HTTP
proxies used for load balancing purposes.
Carpenter & Jiang         Expires July 15, 2013                [Page 10]
7.  Proxies
An HTTP proxy [RFC2616] can readily be configured to handle incoming
connections over IPv6 and to proxy them to a server over IPv4.
Therefore, a single proxy can be used as the first step in an
outside-in strategy, as shown in the following diagram:
(                                           )
(        IPv6 Clients in the Internet       )
(___________________________________________)
|  Ingress  |
|  router   |
____________|_____________
| IPv6 stack|
|-----------|
| HTTP proxy|
|   HTTP    |
|  server   |
In this case, the AAAA record for the service would provide the IPv6
address of the proxy.  This approach will work for any HTTP or HTTPS
applications that operate successfully via a proxy, as long as IPv6
load remains low.  Additionally, many load balancer products
incorporate such a proxy, in which case this approach would be
possible at high load.
Note that in any proxy scenario, an ICP will need to make sure that
both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are being properly passed to application
servers in any relevant HTTP headers, and that those application
servers are properly handling the IPv6 addresses.
8.  Servers
8.1.  Network Stack
The TCP/IP network stacks in popular operating systems have supported
IPv6 for many years.  In most cases, it is sufficient to enable IPv6
and possibly DHCPv6; the rest will follow.  Servers inside an ICP
network will not need to support any transition technologies beyond a
simple dual stack, with a possible exception for 6to4 mitigation
noted below in Section 9.
As some operating systems have separate firewall rule sets for IPv4
and IPv6, an ICP should also evaluate those rule sets and ensure that
appropriate firewall rules are configured for IPv6.  More details are
discussed in Section 14.
8.2.  Application Layer
Basic HTTP servers have been able to handle an IPv6-enabled network
stack for some years, so at the most it will be necessary to update
to a more recent software version.  The same is true of generic
applications such as email protocols.  No general statement can be
made about other applications, especially proprietary ones, so each
ASP will need to make its own determination.  As changes to the
network layer to introduce IPv6 addresses can ripple through
applications, testing of both client and server applications should
be performed in both IPv4-only, IPv6-only, and dual-stack
environments prior to dual-stacking a production environment.
One important recommendation here is that all applications should use
domain names, which are IP-version-independent, rather than IP
addresses.  Applications based on middlware platforms which have
uniform support for IPv4 and IPv6, for example Java, may be able to
support both IPv4 and IPv6 naturally without additional work.
Security certificates should also contain domain names rather than
addresses.
A specific issue for HTTP-based services is that IP address-based
cookie authentication schemes will need to deal with dual-stack
clients.  Servers might create a cookie for an IPv4 connection or an
IPv6 connection, depending on the setup at the client site and on the
whims of the client operating system.  There is no guarantee that a
given client will consistently use the same address family,
especially when accessing a collection of sites rather than a single
site, such as when cookies are used for federated authentication.  If
the client is using privacy addresses [RFC4941], the IPv6 address
(but usually not its /64 prefix) might change quite frequently.  Any
cookie mechanism based on 32-bit IPv4 addresses will need significant
remodelling.
Generic considerations on application transition are discussed in
[RFC4038], but many of them will not apply to the dual-stack ICP
scenario.  An ICP that creates and maintains its own applications
will need to review them for any dependency on IPv4.
8.3.  Logging
The introduction of IPv6 clients will generally also result in IPv6
addresses appearing in the "client ip" field of server logs.  It
might be convenient to use the same log field to hold a client's IP
address, whether it is IPv4 or IPv6.  Downstream systems looking at
logs and client IP addresses may also need testing to ensure that
they can properly handle IPv6 addresses.  This includes any of an
ICP's databases recording client IP addresses, such as for recording
IP addresses of online purchases and comment posters.
It is worth noting that accurate traceback from logs to individual
customers requires end-to-end address transparency.  This is
additional motivation for an ICP to support native IPv6 connectivity,
since otherwise, IPv6-only customers will inevitably connect via some
form of translation mechanism, interfering with traceback.
8.4.  Geolocation
Initially, ICPs may observe some weakness in geolocation for IPv6
clients.  As time goes on, it is to be assumed that geolocation
methods and databases will be updated to fully support IPv6 prefixes.
There is no reason they will be more or less accurate in the long
term than those available for IPv4.  However, we can expect many more
clients to be mobile as time goes on, so geolocation based on IP
addresses alone may in any case become problematic.  A more robust
technique such as HTTP-Enabled Location Delivery (HELD) [RFC5985]
could be considered.
9.  Coping with Transition Technologies
As mentioned above, an ICP should obtain native IPv6 connectivity
from its ISPs.  In this way, the ICP can avoid most of the
complexities of the numerous IPv4-to-IPv6 transition technologies
that have been developed; they are all second-best solutions.
However, some clients are sure to be using such technologies.  An ICP
needs to be aware of the operational issues this may cause and how to
deal with them.
In some cases outside the ICP's control, clients might reach a
content server via a network-layer translator from IPv6 to IPv4.
ICPs who are offering a dual stack service and providing both A and
AAAA records, as recommended in this document, should not normally
receive IPv4 traffic from NAT64 translators [RFC6146].
Exceptionally, however, such traffic could arrive via IPv4 from an
IPv6-only client whose DNS resolver failed to receive the ICP's AAAA
record for some reason.  Such traffic would be indistinguishable from
regular IPv4-via-NAT traffic.
Alternatively, ICPs who are offering a dual stack service might
exceptionally receive IPv6 traffic translated from an IPv4-only
client that somehow failed to receive the ICP's A record.  An ICP
could also receive IPv6 traffic with translated prefixes [RFC6296].
These two cases would only be an issue if the ICP was offering any
service that depends on the assumption of end-to-end IPv6 address
transparency.
Finally, some traffic might reach an ICP that has been translated
twice en route (e.g., from IPv6 to IPv4 and back again).  Again, the
ICP will be unable to detect this.  It is likely that real-time
geolocation will be highly inaccurate for such traffic, since it will
at best indicate the location of the second translator, which could
be very distant from the customer.
In other cases, also outside the ICP's control, IPv6 clients may
reach the IPv6 Internet via some form of IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel.  In
this case a variety of problems can arise, the most acute of which
affect clients connected using the Anycast 6to4 solution [RFC3068].
Advice on how ICPs may mitigate these 6to4 problems is given in
Section 4.5. of [RFC6343].  For the benefit of all tunnelled clients,
it is essential to verify that Path MTU Discovery works correctly
(i.e., the relevant ICMPv6 packets are not blocked) and that the
server-side TCP implementation correctly supports the Maximum Segment
Size (MSS) negotiation mechanism [RFC2923] for IPv6 traffic.
Some ICPs have implemented an interim solution to mitigate transition
problems by limiting the visibility of their AAAA records to users
with validated IPv6 connectivity [RFC6589] (known as "DNS
whitelisting").  At the time of this writing, this solution seems to
be passing out of use, being replaced by "DNS blacklisting" of
customer sites known to have problems with IPv6 connectivity.  In the
reverse direction, it is worth being aware that some ISPs with
significant populations of clients with broken IPv6 setups have begun
filtering AAAA record lookups by their clients.  None of these
solutions is appropriate in the long term.
Another approach taken by some ICPs is to offer IPv6-only support via
a specific DNS name, e.g., ipv6.example.com, if the primary service
is www.example.com.  In this case ipv6.example.com would have an AAAA
record only.  This has some value for testing purposes, but is
otherwise only of interest to hobbyist users willing to type in
special URLs.
There is little an ICP can do to deal with client-side or remote ISP
deficiencies in IPv6 support, but it is hoped that the "happy
eyeballs" [RFC6555] approach will improve the ability for clients to
deal with such problems.
10.  Content Delivery Networks
DNS-based techniques for diverting users to Content Delivery Network
(CDN) points of presence (POPs) will work for IPv6, if AAAA records
are provided as well as A records.  In general the CDN should follow
the recommendations of this document, especially by operating a full
dual stack service at each POP.  Additionally, each POP will need to
handle IPv6 routing exactly like IPv4, for example running BGP4+
Note that if an ICP supports IPv6 but its external CDN provider does
not, its clients will continue to use IPv4 and any IPv6-only clients
will have to use a transition solution of some kind.  This is not a
desirable situation, since the ICP's work to support IPv6 will be
wasted.
An ICP might face a complex situation, if its CDN provider supports
IPv6 at some POPs but not at others.  IPv6-only clients could only be
diverted to a POP supporting IPv6.  There are also scenarios where a
dual-stack client would be diverted to a mixture of IPv4 and IPv6
POPs for different URLs, according to the A and AAAA records provided
and the availability of optimisations such as "happy eyeballs."  A
related side effect is that copies of the same content viewed at the
same time via IPv4 and IPv6 may be different, due to latency in the
underlying data synchronisation process used by the CDN.  This effect
has in fact been observed in the wild for a major social network
supporting dual stack.  These complications do not affect the
viability of relying on a dual-stack CDN, however.
The CDN itself faces related complexity: "As IPv6 rolls out, it's
going to roll out in pockets, and that's going to make the routing
around congestion points that much more important but also that much
harder," stated John Summers of Akamai in 2010.
A converse situation that might arise is that an ICP has not yet
started its deployment of IPv6, but finds that its CDN provider
already supports IPv6.  Then, assuming the CDN provider announces
appropriate AAAA DNS Resource Records, dual-stack and IPv6-only
customers will obtain IPv6 access and the ICP's content may well be
delivered to them via IPv6.  In normal circumstances this should
create no problems, but it is a situation that the ICP and its
support staff need to be aware of.  In particular, support staff
should be given IPv6 connectivity in order to be able to investigate
any problems that might arise (see Section 4).
11.  Business Partners
As noted earlier, it is in an ICP's or ASP's best interests that
their users have direct IPv6 connectivity, rather than indirect IPv4
connectivity via double NAT.  If the ICP or ASP has a direct business
relationship with some of their clients, or with the networks that
connect them to their clients, they are advised to coordinate with
those partners to ensure that they have a plan to enable IPv6.  They
should also verify and test that there is first-class IPv6
connectivity end-to-end between the networks concerned.  This is
especially true for implementations that require IPv6 support in
specialized programs or systems in order for the IPv6 support on the
ICP/ASP side to be useful.
12.  Possible Complexities
Some additional considerations come into play for some types of
complex or distributed sites and applications that an ICP may be
delivering.  For example, an ICP may have a site spread across many
hostnames (not all under their control).  Other ICPs may have their
sites or applications distributed across multiple locations for
availability, scale, or performance.
Many modern web sites and applications now use a collection of
resources and applications, some operated by the ICP and other by
third parties.  While most clients support sites containing a mixture
of IPv4-only and dual-stack elements, an ICP should track the IPv6
availability of embedded resources (such as images) as otherwise
their site may only be partially functional or may have degraded
performance for IPv6-only users.
DNS-based load balancing techniques for diverting users to servers in
multiple POPs will work for IPv6, if the load balancer supports IPv6
and if AAAA records are provided.  Depending on the architecture of
the load balancer, an ICP may need to operate a full dual stack
service at each POP.  With other architectures, it may be acceptable
to initially only have IPv6 at a subset of locations.  Some
architectures will make it preferable for IPv6 routing to mirror IPv4
routing (for example running BGP4+ [RFC4760] if appropriate) but this
may not always be possible as IPv6 and IPv4 connectivity can be
independent.
Some complexities may arise when a client supporting both IPv4 and
IPv6 uses different POPs for each IP version (such as when IPv6 is
only available in a subset of locations).  There are also scenarios
where a dual-stack client would be diverted to a mixture of IPv4 and
IPv6 POPs for different URLs, according to the A and AAAA records
provided and the availability of optimisations such as "happy
eyeballs" [RFC6555].  A related side effect is that copies of the
same content viewed at the same time via IPv4 and IPv6 may be
different, due to latency in the underlying data synchronisation
process used at the application layer.  This effect has in fact been
observed in the wild for a major social network supporting dual-
stack.
Even with a single POP, unexpected behaviour may arise if a client
switches spontaneously between IPv4 and IPv6 as a performance
optimisation [RFC6555] or if its IPv6 address changes frequently for
privacy reasons [RFC4941].  Such changes may affect cookies,
geolocation, load balancing, and transactional integrity.  Although
unexpected changes of client address also occur in an IPv4-only
environment, they may be more frequent with IPv6.
13.  Operations and Management
There is no doubt that, initially, IPv6 deployment will have
operational impact, as well as requiring education and training as
mentioned in Section 3.  Staff will have to update network elements
such as routers, update configurations, provide information to end
users, and diagnose new problems.  However, for an enterprise
network, there is plenty of experience, e.g. on numerous university
campuses, showing that dual stack operation is no harder than IPv4-
only in the steady state.
Whatever management, monitoring and logging is performed for IPv4 is
also needed for IPv6.  Therefore, all products and tools used for
these purposes must be updated to fully support IPv6 management data.
It is important to verify that tools have been fully updated to
support 128 bit addresses entered and displayed in hexadecimal
[RFC5952].  Since an IPv6 network may operate with more than one IPv6
prefix and therefore more than one address per host, the tools must
deal with this as a normal situation.  This includes any address
management tool in use (see Section 5.1) as well as tools used for
creating DHCP and DNS configurations.  There is significant overlap
here with the tools involved in site renumbering
[I-D.ietf-6renum-enterprise].
At an early stage of IPv6 deployment, it is likely that IPv6 will be
mainly managed via IPv4 transport.  This allows network management
systems to test for dependencies between IPv4 and IPv6 management
data.  For example, will reports mixing IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
display correctly?
In a second phase, IPv6 transport should be used to manage the
network.  Note that it will also be necessary for an ICP to provide
IPv6 connectivity for its operations and support staff, even when
working remotely.  As far as possible mutual dependency between IPv4
and IPv6 should be avoided, for both the management data and the
transport.  Failure of one should not cause a failure of the other.
One precaution to avoid this would be for network management systems
to be dual-stacked.  It would then be possible to use IPv4
connectivity to repair IPv6 configurations, and vice versa.
Dual stack, while necessary, does have management scaling and
overhead considerations.  As noted earlier, the long term goal is to
move to single-stack IPv6, when the network and its customers can
support this.  This is an additional reason why mutual dependency
between the address families should be avoided in the management
system in particular; a hidden dependency on IPv4 that had been
forgotten for many years would be highly inconvenient.  In
particular, a management tool that manages IPv6 but itself runs only
over IPv4 would prove disastrous on the day that IPv4 is switched
off.
An ICP should ensure that any end-to-end availability monitoring
systems are updated to monitor dual-stacked servers over both IPv4
and IPv6.  A particular challenge here may be monitoring systems
relying on DNS names as this may result in monitoring only one of
IPv4 or IPv6, resulting in a loss of visibility to failures in
network connectivity over either address family.
As mentioned above, it will also be necessary for an ICP to provide
working remotely.
While many ICPs may still be in the process of experimenting with and
configuring IPv6, there is mature malware in the wild that will
launch attacks over IPv6.  For example, if an AAAA DNS record is
added for a hostname, malware using client OS libraries may
automatically switch from attacking that hostname over IPv4 to
attacking that hostname over IPv6.  As a result, it is crucial that
firewalls and other network security appliances protecting servers
support IPv6 and have rules tested and configured.
Security experience with IPv4 should be used as a guide as to the
threats that may exist in IPv6, but they should not be assumed to be
equally likely, and nor should they assumed to be the only threats
that could exist in IPv6.  However, essentially every threat that
exists for IPv4 exists or will exist for IPv6, to a greater or lesser
extent.  It is essential to update firewalls, intrusion detection
systems, denial of service precautions, and security auditing
technology to fully support IPv6.  Needless to say, it is also
essential to turn on well-known security mechanisms such as DNS
Security and DHCPv6 Authentication.  Otherwise, IPv6 will become an
attractive target for attackers.
When multiple PA prefixes are in use as mentioned in Section 5.1,
firewall rules must allow for all valid prefixes, and must be set up
to work as intended even if packets are sent via one ISP but return
packets arrive via another.
Performance and memory size aspects of dual stack firewalls must be
considered (as discussed for routers in Section 5.2).
In a dual stack operation, there may be a risk of cross-contamination
between the two protocols.  For example, a successful IPv4-based
denial of service attack might also deplete resources needed by the
IPv6 service, or vice versa.  This risk strengthens the argument that
IPv6 security must be up to the same level as IPv4.  Risks can also
occur with dual stack Virtual Private Network (VPN) solutions
[I-D.ietf-opsec-vpn-leakages].
A general overview of techniques to protect an IPv6 network against
external attack is given in [RFC4864].  Assuming an ICP has native
IPv6 connectivity, it is advisable to block incoming IPv6-in-IPv4
tunnel traffic using IPv4 protocol type 41.  Outgoing traffic of this
kind should be blocked except for the case noted in Section 4.5 of
[RFC6343].  ICMPv6 traffic should only be blocked in accordance with
[RFC4890]; in particular, Packet Too Big messages, which are
essential for PMTU discovery, must not be blocked.
Brute-force scanning attacks to discover the existence of hosts are
much less likely to succeed for IPv6 than for IPv4 [RFC5157].
However, this should not lull an ICP into a false sense of security,
as various naming or addressing conventions can result in IPv6
address space being predictable or guessable.  In the extreme case,
IPv6 hosts might be configured with interface identifiers that are
very easy to guess; for example, hosts or subnets manually numbered
with consecutive interface identifiers starting from "1" would be
much easier to guess.  Such practices should be avoided, and other
useful precautions are discussed in [RFC6583].  Also, attackers might
find IPv6 addresses in logs, packet traces, DNS records (including
reverse records), or elsewhere.
Protection against rogue Router Advertisements (RA Guard) should also
be considered [RFC6105].
Transport Layer Security version 1.2 [RFC5246] and its predecessors
work correctly with TCP over IPv6, meaning that HTTPS-based security
solutions are immediately applicable.  The same should apply to any
other transport-layer or application-layer security techniques.
If an ASP uses IPsec [RFC4301] and IKE [RFC5996] in any way to secure
connections with clients, these too are fully applicable to IPv6, but
only if the software stack at each end has been appropriately
This document requests no action by IANA.
Valuable contributions were made by Erik Kline.  Useful comments were
received from Tore Anderson, Cameron Byrne, Tassos Chatzithomaoglou,
Wesley George, Deng Hui, Joel Jaeggli, Roger Jorgensen, Victor
Kuarsingh, Bing Liu, Trent Lloyd, John Mann, Michael Newbery, Erik
Nygren, Arturo Servin, Mark Smith, and other participants in the
V6OPS working group.
Brian Carpenter was a visitor at the Computer Laboratory, Cambridge
University during part of this work.
This document was produced using the xml2rfc tool [RFC2629].
17.  Change log [RFC Editor: Please remove]
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-05: IESG comments, 2013-01-11.
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-04: text on multiple PA prefixes tuned
again, brief mention of NPTv6, 2012-09-17.
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-03: text on multiple PA prefixes
updated, numerous other WGLC comments, 2012-08-31.
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-02: additional WG review, 2012-07-11.
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-01: additional WG comments, 2012-06-12.
draft-ietf-v6ops-icp-guidance-00: adopted by WG, small updates, 2012-
draft-carpenter-v6ops-icp-guidance-03: additional WG comments, 2012-
draft-carpenter-v6ops-icp-guidance-01: multiple clarifications after
WG comments, 2011-12-06.
draft-carpenter-v6ops-icp-guidance-00: original version, 2011-10-22.
[RFC2080]  Malkin, G. and R. Minnear, "RIPng for IPv6", RFC 2080,
[RFC2460]  Deering, S. and R. Hinden, "Internet Protocol, Version 6
(IPv6) Specification", RFC 2460, December 1998.
Masinter, L., Leach, P., and T. Berners-Lee, "Hypertext
[RFC2827]  Ferguson, P. and D. Senie, "Network Ingress Filtering:
Defeating Denial of Service Attacks which employ IP Source
Address Spoofing", BCP 38, RFC 2827, May 2000.
[RFC3007]  Wellington, B., "Secure Domain Name System (DNS) Dynamic
Update", RFC 3007, November 2000.
[RFC3315]  Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,
and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", RFC 3315, July 2003.
[RFC3596]  Thomson, S., Huitema, C., Ksinant, V., and M. Souissi,
"DNS Extensions to Support IP Version 6", RFC 3596,
[RFC3704]  Baker, F. and P. Savola, "Ingress Filtering for Multihomed
Networks", BCP 84, RFC 3704, March 2004.
[RFC4193]  Hinden, R. and B. Haberman, "Unique Local IPv6 Unicast
Addresses", RFC 4193, October 2005.
[RFC4301]  Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", RFC 4301, December 2005.
[RFC4760]  Bates, T., Chandra, R., Katz, D., and Y. Rekhter,
"Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP-4", RFC 4760,
[RFC4862]  Thomson, S., Narten, T., and T. Jinmei, "IPv6 Stateless
Address Autoconfiguration", RFC 4862, September 2007.
[RFC4941]  Narten, T., Draves, R., and S. Krishnan, "Privacy
Extensions for Stateless Address Autoconfiguration in
IPv6", RFC 4941, September 2007.
[RFC5246]  Dierks, T. and E. Rescorla, "The Transport Layer Security
(TLS) Protocol Version 1.2", RFC 5246, August 2008.
[RFC5308]  Hopps, C., "Routing IPv6 with IS-IS", RFC 5308,
[RFC5340]  Coltun, R., Ferguson, D., Moy, J., and A. Lindem, "OSPF
for IPv6", RFC 5340, July 2008.
[RFC5838]  Lindem, A., Mirtorabi, S., Roy, A., Barnes, M., and R.
Aggarwal, "Support of Address Families in OSPFv3",
RFC 5838, April 2010.
[RFC5952]  Kawamura, S. and M. Kawashima, "A Recommendation for IPv6
Address Text Representation", RFC 5952, August 2010.
[RFC5985]  Barnes, M., "HTTP-Enabled Location Delivery (HELD)",
[RFC5996]  Kaufman, C., Hoffman, P., Nir, Y., and P. Eronen,
"Internet Key Exchange Protocol Version 2 (IKEv2)",
[RFC6434]  Jankiewicz, E., Loughney, J., and T. Narten, "IPv6 Node
Requirements", RFC 6434, December 2011.
[I-D.ietf-6renum-enterprise]
Jiang, S., Liu, B., and B. Carpenter, "IPv6 Enterprise
Network Renumbering Scenarios, Considerations and
Methods", draft-ietf-6renum-enterprise-05 (work in
progress), December 2012.
[I-D.ietf-6renum-static-problem]
Carpenter, B. and S. Jiang, "Problem Statement for
Renumbering IPv6 Hosts with Static Addresses in Enterprise
Networks", draft-ietf-6renum-static-problem-03 (work in
[I-D.ietf-opsec-vpn-leakages]
Gont, F., "Virtual Private Network (VPN) traffic leakages
in dual-stack hosts/ networks",
draft-ietf-opsec-vpn-leakages-00 (work in progress),
[I-D.ietf-v6ops-6204bis]
Singh, H., Beebee, W., Donley, C., and B. Stark, "Basic
Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge Routers",
draft-ietf-v6ops-6204bis-12 (work in progress),
[I-D.ietf-v6ops-ipv6-multihoming-without-ipv6nat]
Matsushima, S., Okimoto, T., Troan, O., Miles, D., and D.
Wing, "IPv6 Multihoming without Network Address
Translation",
draft-ietf-v6ops-ipv6-multihoming-without-ipv6nat-04 (work
in progress), February 2012.
[I-D.matthews-v6ops-design-guidelines]
Matthews, P., "Design Guidelines for IPv6 Networks",
draft-matthews-v6ops-design-guidelines-01 (work in
progress), October 2012.
[RFC1912]  Barr, D., "Common DNS Operational and Configuration
Errors", RFC 1912, February 1996.
[RFC2081]  Malkin, G., "RIPng Protocol Applicability Statement",
[RFC2629]  Rose, M., "Writing I-Ds and RFCs using XML", RFC 2629,
[RFC2923]  Lahey, K., "TCP Problems with Path MTU Discovery",
[RFC3068]  Huitema, C., "An Anycast Prefix for 6to4 Relay Routers",
RFC 3068, June 2001.
[RFC4038]  Shin, M-K., Hong, Y-G., Hagino, J., Savola, P., and E.
Castro, "Application Aspects of IPv6 Transition",
[RFC4192]  Baker, F., Lear, E., and R. Droms, "Procedures for
Renumbering an IPv6 Network without a Flag Day", RFC 4192,
[RFC4864]  Van de Velde, G., Hain, T., Droms, R., Carpenter, B., and
E. Klein, "Local Network Protection for IPv6", RFC 4864,
[RFC4890]  Davies, E. and J. Mohacsi, "Recommendations for Filtering
ICMPv6 Messages in Firewalls", RFC 4890, May 2007.
[RFC5157]  Chown, T., "IPv6 Implications for Network Scanning",
[RFC5375]  Van de Velde, G., Popoviciu, C., Chown, T., Bonness, O.,
and C. Hahn, "IPv6 Unicast Address Assignment
Considerations", RFC 5375, December 2008.
[RFC6105]  Levy-Abegnoli, E., Van de Velde, G., Popoviciu, C., and J.
Mohacsi, "IPv6 Router Advertisement Guard", RFC 6105,
[RFC6146]  Bagnulo, M., Matthews, P., and I. van Beijnum, "Stateful
NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6
Clients to IPv4 Servers", RFC 6146, April 2011.
[RFC6180]  Arkko, J. and F. Baker, "Guidelines for Using IPv6
Transition Mechanisms during IPv6 Deployment", RFC 6180,
[RFC6296]  Wasserman, M. and F. Baker, "IPv6-to-IPv6 Network Prefix
Translation", RFC 6296, June 2011.
[RFC6343]  Carpenter, B., "Advisory Guidelines for 6to4 Deployment",
[RFC6555]  Wing, D. and A. Yourtchenko, "Happy Eyeballs: Success with
Dual-Stack Hosts", RFC 6555, April 2012.
[RFC6583]  Gashinsky, I., Jaeggli, J., and W. Kumari, "Operational
Neighbor Discovery Problems", RFC 6583, March 2012.
[RFC6589]  Livingood, J., "Considerations for Transitioning Content
to IPv6", RFC 6589, April 2012.
Brian Carpenter
PB 92019
Auckland,   1142
Email: brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com
Sheng Jiang
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd
Q14, Huawei Campus
No.156 Beiqing Road
Hai-Dian District, Beijing  100095
Email: jiangsheng@huawei.com


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INGLIS ANNOUNCES RECIPIENTS OF 2014 AWARDS FOR CONTINUING EXCELLENCE INCLUDING CASH PRIZES
Since 2005 Inglis has awarded more than $500,000 to 40 plus organizations devoted to serving people with disabilities in this region
The Inglis Board of Directors announced the winners of the 2014 Inglis Awards for Continuing Excellence. The Awards program honors the outstanding performance of not-for-profit organizations in the Greater Delaware Valley that enhance the quality of life for people with physical disabilities, and by doing so, support the Inglis mission of enabling people with disabilities – and those who care for them – to achieve their goals and live life to the fullest.
See the 2014 ACE Awards video here
Four organizations will each receive a $12,500 award:
Acquired Brain Injury Network of Pennsylvania
Magee Rehabilitation Peer Mentor Program
Pennsylvania Assistive Technology Foundation
(See all the winners of the ACE Award)
The award winners will be honored at a ceremony at Inglis, Philadelphia, PA, on May 6, 2014. "In addition to providing these awards to help the people and the people that these organizations serve, the awards and recognition really allow these organizations to network with each other, partner with us, and to build a community that can really impact our constituents" says Won Shin, member of the Inglis Board of Directors and chair of the 10-member awards committee.
"The single most important part of the ACE awards is that it allows organizations who are serving consumers with a similar mission to Inglis to come together and to stretch our resources," said Inglis President & CEO, Gavin Kerr. "This allows us to help each of those consumers pursue the goals that matter to them, and to find new ways to make the most of their live," Kerr said.
"For a program like ours that is completely funded by donors and grants, if we didn't have folks like you giving out these kinds of awards, we would not have a program," says Barbara Dively, Executive Director of the Acquired Brain Injury Network of Pennsylvania. "To get recognition like this not only from the patients and families but from places in the community, foundations like Inglis, is just fabulous. We are so excited!" said Nancy Rosenberg, PsyD, Director of the Magee Rehabilitation Peer Mentor Program.
Read the full press releasae here. (PDF opens in a new window).


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#TBT to 1990: Justice for Janitors March
Today we're throwing back to a powerful time in labor history. On June 15th, 1990, a few hundred workers bravely stood together against unspeakable odds and improved the lives countless workers, an impact we're still seeing in the labor movement today.
In 1990, the Justice for Janitors March in Los Angeles brought together thousands of workers in support of janitors fighting for a union and a living wage. The action arose after years of pay cuts and loss of health benefits during the 1980s for janitors in Los Angeles.
From Service Employees International Union (SEIU):
In 1983, the average janitor working in Los Angeles earned a salary of more than $7.00 an hour and full family health insurance.
But by 1986, wages dropped to $4.50, and health care coverage had evaporated. By the mid-80s, membership in SEIU's 21 janitors' unions was in sharp decline.
In an effort to reverse this trend and put pressure on their employers to end retaliation against workers who supported joining a union, hundreds of janitors marched through the streets of Los Angeles. But the marchers soon faced violent opposition from police. From SEIU:
"When the workers linked arms to cross the street in Century City, they were beat back by dozens of police officers, and thirty-eight of the wounded marchers were arrested.
Undeterred even by police brutality, the fearless janitors refused to back down. They stayed in the streets and were joined by 2,500 people cheering them on — construction workers, shop workers, state and local political leaders, even a mop-toting Jesse Jackson — who shared their anger at wealthy corporate CEO's paying themselves millions, while paying the people who cleaned up after them as little as $4.50 an hour."
Calling the marchers brave would be an understatement. Their determination earned national attention and resulted in their employer – ISS – signing off on a union contract, a raise for the janitors, and full health coverage. The impact spread far and
wide and helped to propel a national movement that eventually resulted in 133,000 janitors winning union contracts across the United States. When workers stand together, they raise standards for all.
This week, SEIU is holding rallies to commemorate the 1990 March for Justice. There is also a march planned in Los Angeles, spearheaded by SEIU-United Service Workers West (USWW).
From SEIU –USWW:
It's with a heavy heart that labor leaders and community allies come together today to commemorate the janitorial strike. 25 years later and innocent people are still suffering from unjust violence. 25 years later 400 janitors got a $2.00 raise and the right to form a union, 25 years later Los Angeles has agreed to institute an increase in minimum wage to 15.00/hr, but Los Angeles has become ground zero for wage theft. Economic violence is just as harrowing and even more pervasive than physical violence. Stop. The. Violence.
You can find out more information about the March planned for today in Los Angeles here, and be sure to follow SEIU-USWW on Facebook to see pictures and highlights of their march today!