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Hunting and Trapping Regulations 2016-2018
The newly opened Switzmalph Child Care Centre at Salmon Arm offers culturally enriched programs featuring the Secwépemc culture but is open to children of all heritages. (Martha Wickett - Salmon Arm Observer)
Video: Switzmalph Child Care Centre shares culture with Shuswap community
New daycare at Salmon Arm offers Secwépemc culturally enriched programs to children of all heritages
Martha Wickett
Sunlight flows through the floor-to-ceiling windows spaced evenly around the circular, natural wood building.
Shafts of light enhance the welcoming feel of the smooth wooden furniture and the large, brightly coloured carpets, also circular, adorned with silhouettes of wildlife and other images.
This is the new Switzmalph Child Care Centre near Salmon Arm, a bright, beautiful structure and accomplishment for the Neskonlith First Nation.
Daycare manager Crystal Cox says three programs are offered: the Ckwltahm or Meadow room for children up to 18 months; Ckelpipelt, or Coyote Cub, for children 18 to 36 months and the third, Sqwalaxsiselt, or Baby Bear, for children three to five years, altogether accommodating a total of 44 when at full capacity.
The child care centre is currently taking registrations.
Cox explained although the centre offers culturally enriched programs featuring the Secwépemc culture, it is open to and welcomes children of all heritages.
Fittingly, a photo of Mary Thomas, a revered Neskonlith elder who died in 2007, hangs near the entrance to the centre. She was a strong advocate for young people and served on the national childcare program for four years.
The roots of the centre were planted in 2010 when a daycare was one recommendation in the Neskonlith comprehensive community plan. At that time, studies from town were also pointing to the lack of daycare spaces for children, Cox said.
A Secwépemc concept of 'helping each other for the people yet to come' was essential to the plan.
"When we were planning it we were thinking of the babies yet to come. That's part of our mission, part of our culture," Cox said.
Later came the need to find staff, during a Canada-wide shortage of early childhood educators. In a partnership with Okanagan College, a cohort was formed at the college for the Neskonlith, Adams Lake, Little Shuswap and Splatsin bands, along with local Métis, for the early childhood education (ECE) program.
"Quite a few had just finished up their practicum and graduation requirements last summer, so it flowed really nicely," she said, referring to the centre's opening.
Centre staff include four ECE graduates with their special needs certification in addition to their infant-toddler designations.
"Because of the cohort program, that partnership, we were able to get them all trained up to the highest level. So we do have highly trained staff that can also work with special needs."
Read more: Daycare crisis persists in region
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Regarding health requirements, she said the centre works with Interior Health and, because it's federal, also works with the First Nations Health Authority.
"We're double safe," she smiles.
Asked about the circular shape of the building, Cox pointed out that the circle is central to Secwépemc culture.
Traditionally, Secwépemc people lived in circular kekulis, underground winter buildings.
The circular Medicine Wheel encompasses mental, emotional, physical and spiritual aspects, Cox noted. "Those four components, I feel we bring into the centre, and we want to teach balance to our children and also to our community… to live a healthy life."
Neskonlith band councillor and knowledge keeper Louis Thomas refers to another reason for the circle's significance.
"In our culture, the kids are put in the middle, all the elders and parents and everything are around them, nurturing and raising in the right way. So that daycare is similar to that."
He also said with a laugh that daycare staff have been trying to get him to take his ECE because he has a way with the kids.
Cox agrees.
"If he's up around the building, they just run toward the doors. They just love him."
Diane Little, an ECE instructor at Okanagan College, has been working at the centre.
"It's an amazing centre," she said, with top quality supplies and toys, nature-based programs, a state-of-the-art building and an opportunity to learn about First Nations culture.
Read more: Raising of Secwepemculecw flag at Salmon Arm campus recognizes history
Read more: Secwepemc great-grandmother earns Dogwood diploma
Regarding rates, Cox said as a start-up centre, they are competitive but not too high. "We wanted to make sure all populations could access."
The band funded 75 per cent of the centre costs, Cox said, with 25 per cent accessed through grants and other funding opportunities. Along with creating employment, she thinks the centre has brought the community together.
Neskonlith councillor Cora Anthony, who has tracked the centre's evolution, sees it as a big accomplishment.
"Oh gosh, it was exciting. Even before the first child came through the door…"
Thomas said he sees it as a start to more economic development.
"We've been dormant for too long…," he said, adding it is a challenge to mix into the dominant society.
"With the non-native involvement, they don't realize it but it's for them too. To me it's the beginning stages of something maybe bigger and better for the community."
The Switzmalph Child Care Centre can be reached at 778-824-0376 or by emailing: daycaremanager@nibdaycare.com.
"I think everything's a win win… I feel like the positive impact for our community, it's going to be felt for generations," Cox said.
DaycareFirst NationsSalmon Arm
The newly opened Switzmalph Child Care Centre at Salmon Arm is a circular shape, in keeping with cultural norms such as the Medicine Wheel. (Martha Wickett - Salmon Arm Observer)
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Her eyes are closed, and she can't feel the machines that are wired into her anymore.
She loses the feeling of her physical body. This is good, she thinks to herself. Now, we're getting somewhere.
Creating the new body is the hardest part. She has to use her mind to create the arms, the legs, the head. One by one she succeeds in forming them. Eventually, the whole body is ready, and so is she.
From now on, whatever she'd see would be recorded for further observation. Now, she used her mind to create eyes on her newly constructed head, and she opened them.
The first thing that she saw was an array of stars. She was in deep space, in another universe, surrounded by stars. She thought it funny how every time that they had done this experiment, everyone saw stars. They've tried this with countless other universes and for some reason, every single one of them had these bright lights that were shining, light years away.
She didn't need a space suit in this universe. Nobody needed one in any of the universes that they visited using this method. This is just because this body isn't real. It doesn't require air, heat, or food. It's just here to observe. So she floated around in space, recording everything that she saw through the optic sensors that were attached to her physical brain.
She saw some of the most beautiful things. She saw an enormous blue planet. A water world. And it was flat. The planet's shape was not a sphere, but a flat sheet. Like a piece of paper, floating in space. Impossible she thought to herself. But she knew that it wasn't impossible here. In a new universe with a new interpretation of physics.
She steered herself past the water planet. Passing diamond asteroids on either side of her, she saw constellations. She moved towards them until she saw them more clearly. These constellations had physical lines connecting the stars to form pictures. And they formed the most vivid pictures that she had ever seen. She recognized them too.
Constellations all around her were displaying images of various points of her life. To her left, she saw a constellation that vividly showed her riding a bike for the first time. To her right, a constellation showed an image of her at her own high school graduation more clearly than the actual pictures that were taken at her graduation. And directly in front of her, she saw the recent image of her being hooked up to the mental projection device, which she had to do in order to conduct this research. It took her a moment to notice that the constellations were colored in too. She could see the color of her clothes, skin, and background in incredible detail.
Then all at once, the pictures started moving. They were replaying entire scenes of her life, right in front of her. Then, more appeared. Her first kiss, Her first job interview, even her first words. "This is great!" The voice being projected in her mind startled her. "This is exactly what we needed! Keep recording it!" And so she did.
She floated in place, in awe of what she was witnessing. The stars in the universe were moving for her. Soon, every single star that she could have seen before was a part of one of the, now hundreds of constellation scenes. She stayed this way for hours. By then, her colleagues decided that they had enough information to work with so they disconnected her. She immediately woke up in her own physical body. She pushed herself out of the giant chair that was the mental projection device.
The white walls of the laboratory strongly contrasted with the deep black of space, so she had to blink a few times before she could continue.
When she was ready, she walked towards the large computer screen that all of the other scientists were gathered around. The computer screen displayed the constellations that were displaying her life story in space. The video on the screen was from her perspective, but it was so much more magical and real in person.
Faris Naimi is an undergraduate student at George Mason University. He was born and raised in Virginia.


Japanese photographer Nobuyoshi Araki has, remarkably, produced more than 450 photography books so far. This astounding chubby little exhibition catalog, created by the Izu Museums, documents every publication to date, making it an invaluable catalogue raisonné for photographers and artist-book lovers. This treasure trove of information begins with his extremely rare Xeroxed Photo Album series from 1970 and finishes with works as recent as May, 2012. Also documented are four volumes of photo scrapbooks—the prototypes of his photobooks— that Araki produced while he was still working for the Japanese advertising firm Dentsu. Complimenting this in-depth book project are essays by Robert Frank, Yayoi Kusama, Rem Koolhaas, Yoshikazu Ebisu and Toshiharu Ito, among others. This book, produced in a small edition, is a must for all followers of Araki's career.
In 1979, Roland Barthes in his book Camera Lucida set the stage for the critical understanding of photography as a medium capable of reevaluating the relationship of aesthetics and ethics and distinguished between two different approaches to photography—the aesthetic and the documentary. Extensively illustrated, this comprehensive group exhibition catalog takes Barthes's notion of the "intractable reality" of the photograph as the starting point for an examination of the aesthetic, ethical, performative and political in documentary photography. Artists featured are Robert Adams, Derek Bennett, Joachim Brohm, David Goldblatt, Candida Höfer, Miyako Ishiuchi, Ute Klophaus, Karl C. Kugel, Boris Mikhailov, Gabriele and Helmut Nothhelfer, Thomas Ruff and Raghubir Singh. Essays presenting critical questions in the debate on the image as document are discussed by curator Barbara Engelbach, Jennifer Crowley, Lena Fritsch, Laszlo Glozer, Shanay Jhaveri, Jasmina Merz, Andreas Prinzing and Inka Schube, as well as a comprehensive bibliography.
This stunning artist's book, signed and numbered by media artist Michael Aschauer, was born of a deceptively simple idea. The seven panoramic photographs were taken on the Greek island of Syros, from 6am until 9pm, over the course of one week in November 2007. Shooting from a hilltop called Oros Harasson ("the mountain that inscribes the direction of light"), Aschauer used a specially designed line-scan camera that was oriented precisely at the point where the sun hits the sea at the winter solstice. The photos, arranged in one continuous frame so both the continuity of each day and the contrast among the separate days is evident, range from black through the colors of the daytime sky and back to black. The "decisive moment" of the photo becomes an eternity, and the click of the shutter lasts seven days.
It's hard to believe, but the achingly poor and isolated country of Albania has the highest concentration of Mercedes-Benz automobiles in the world; supposedly 60 percent of the cars and trucks in Albania are Mercedes-Benz. Austrian photographer Matthias Aschauer grabs onto this astounding factoid and investigates the relationship between Albanians and their Mercedes-Benz. His 35mm, black-and-white photos show the essential part that Mercedes play in keeping Albanians on the road. Aschauer's stark, unadorned images of Mercedes in the barren landscapes, rutted highways and dilapidated cities of Albania show the unlikely yet passionate relationship between the luxury brand and the hardscrabble Albanian culture.
Work concerns us all, and opinions about it are as varied as they are numerous. Showcasing art in a Technical Museum opens up unusual prospects that engage technology and art in active dialogues. Seven artists were invited to respond to the technological developments in steel production, energy extraction, the railways and everyday life. Pavel Braila, Anna Jermolaewa, Daniel Knorr and Ulrike Lienbacher created new art around the concept of working, while videos by Harun Farocki, Adrian Paci and Anne Tallentire complemented the spectrum of ideas. Through these thought-provoking works, questions about 19th-century industrial norms crash into the tech-driven 21st century. Essays by Silvia Eiblmayr, Christiane Erharter, Peter Fleissner, Sabine Hess, Nataša Ilic and Roswitha Muttenthaler.
Hundreds of close-up, fast-paced photographs of Mohammad Ali taken over a period of 10 days before his fight against German heavyweight Jürgen Blin in December 1971, in Zürich, Switzerland, make for a dynamic portrait of the prize fighter. Swiss photographer Eric Bachmann accompanied Ali everywhere— on a winter jog through Zürich's woods, buying shoes in a working-class neighborhood, going through his training drills and finally to the big fight, which rapidly climaxed in the seventh round with a knock out of Blin. The historical black-and-white photographs are presented full bleed and organized in brisk chronological order against the placid urban backdrop of mid-1970s Zürich. Accompanying the photo essay is a richly illustrated section of the boxing match program pages and newspaper clippings, as well as a photographic index on a variety of individuals who attended the fight.
In 1981, Swiss photographer Eric Bachmann and German journalist Christian Kämmerling put together a report for a Swiss magazine on the elegiac world of the remarkable Milan retirement home Casa di Riposo per Musicisti—an old-age home founded in 1896 by Giuseppe Verdi for musicians and opera singers who find themselves penniless in their sunset years. A deeply compassionate document of the fates of the residents, Casa Verdi now brings together in a single volume the bulk of Bachmann's photo archive of these peculiar figures within their living quarters, Kämmerling's sensitive essay and by-andlarge reconstructed biographies of the retired musician and singers. Bachmann's past publications with Edition Patrick Frey include Muhammad Ali, Zürich, 26.12.1971 (2015) and Leutchenbach Karambuli (2001).
Lewis Baltz, with his iconic, minimalist photos of suburban landscape, is considered the founder of the New Topographics movement. Reproduced for the first time, his earliest portfolio, The Tract Houses (1971), and his preliminary forays into a minimal aesthetic, The Prototype Works (1967-1976), illuminate Baltz's drive to capture the reality of a sprawling Western ecology gone wild. Together with The New Industrial Parks near Irvine, California, this trilogy reveals the indelible importance of Baltz in the development of contemporary photography. "Baltz turned his camera on the virtually featureless built environment of California … He pushed his compositions to an astringent minimum," writes curator Sheryl Conkelton in an informative essay. Either available as individual publications or in a handsome cloth slipcase for all three. Includes stunning tri-tone reproductions of Baltz's magnificent prints. Co-published by RAM Publications, the Whitney Museum of American Art and Steidl Verlag, this edition is truly worthy of collectors.


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NFL Week 11 preview: Divisional, wild card races in the spotlight
by admin | Comments Off on NFL Week 11 preview: Divisional, wild card races in the spotlight |
The NFL season moves into its 11th week and there's still plenty to play for as 2020 winds down for each of the league's 32 teams.
Divisions and playoff spots are still up for grabs as nothing has been set in stone just yet. Most teams are chasing the Pittsburgh Steelers for the best team in the league superlative. The Steelers are undefeated and could move to 10-0 with a victory on Sunday.
Teams in the middle of the pack, such as the Detroit Lions and New England Patriots, need a win to stay afloat in their respective wild card races. The New York Jets are among the teams who are hoping that a poor season doesn't go any further. New York is facing starting 0-10 for the first time in its history.
The Las Vegas Raiders and Cleveland Browns are among teams dealing with multiple players on the reserve/COVID-19 list. It will be interesting to see whether those players get cleared to play before Sunday's round of games.
The Buffalo Bills, Chicago Bears, New York Giants, and San Francisco 49ers have bye weeks.
Here's what's on tap this week.
NFL WEEK 11 POWER RANKINGS: DOLPHINS MAKE GIANT LEAP, SEAHAWKS PLUMMET
SEAHAWKS (6-3) VS. CARDINALS (6-3)
Arizona Cardinals quarterback Kyler Murray (1) throws against the Miami Dolphins during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 8, 2020, in Glendale, Ariz. (AP Photo/Rick Scuteri)
The Seahawks and the Cardinals are featured in the most anticipated Thursday night football of the season. Both teams are 6-3 and whoever wins will take the division lead for the moment. Russell Wilson is hoping for a bounce-back game while Kyler Murray is hoping to build on the momentum from last week's wild victory.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 21-21-1 tied
DATE: Nov. 19
TIME (ET): 8:20 pm
WHERE: CenturyLink Field
WATCH: FOX/NFL Network/Amazon
RAVENS (6-3) VS. TITANS (6-3)
Baltimore Ravens quarterback Lamar Jackson, left, tries to elude New England Patriots defensive end John Simon in the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Foxborough, Mass. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
The Ravens and Titans meet for the 21st time in history. Both teams are in similar spots as the Seahawks and Cardinals, except this matchup has more wild card implications in case both teams falter down the stretch. A win for either team could be the difference-maker in going in or out of the playoffs.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 10-10 tied
TIME (ET): 1 pm
WHERE: Nissan Stadium
WATCH: CBS
PANTHERS (3-7) VS. LIONS (4-5)
Detroit Lions quarterback Matthew Stafford throws during the first half of an NFL football game against the Washington Football Team, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Detroit. (AP Photo/Duane Burleson)
The Lions and Panthers are still in playoff hunts but the Lions have positioned themselves a bit better to stay in contention. Detroit needs a victory to get back to .500 on the season. Carolina needs a victory to remain in the wild card talk for the playoffs. It's hugely important for both teams.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 6-3 Panthers
WHERE: Bank of America Stadium
WATCH: FOX
BROWNS (6-3) VS. EAGLES (3-5-1)
Cleveland Browns quarterback Baker Mayfield, right, congratulates running back Nick Chubb, left, after Chubb rushed for a 9-yard touchdown during the second half of an NFL football game against the Houston Texans, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Cleveland. (AP Photo/Ron Schwane)
Do the Browns or Eagles exert any kind of confidence for any of their fans? Cleveland won sloppy last week against the Texans and the Eagles mucked up their chances of getting a bigger lead in the NFC East. A win is huge for both teams going forward.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 31-17-1 Browns
WHERE: FirstEnergy Stadium
TEXANS (2-7) VS. PATRIOTS (4-5)
Houston Texans quarterback Deshaun Watson rushes during the first half of an NFL football game against the Cleveland Browns, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Cleveland. (AP Photo/David Richard)
The Patriots are still in the hunt for a division title with their win last week over the Ravens. They aren't out of it but need to put the Texans to bed. Houston didn't find any offense last week in a tough loss to the Browns. At home, they'll have to muster something up.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 8-2 Patriots
WHERE: NRG Stadium
JAGUARS (1-8) VS. STEELERS (9-0)
Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback Ben Roethlisberger (7) celebrates a touchdown pass to wide receiver Chase Claypool during the second half of an NFL football game against the Cincinnati Bengals, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Pittsburgh. (AP Photo/Keith Srakocic)
It's only the 25th meeting between the Steelers and Jaguars and the series is tied 12-12. In this game, it will be a tale of two completely different teams. Pittsburgh is the lone undefeated team in the NFL while the Jaguars have only one win and don't really have much of an offense outside of rookie James Robinson. Jake Luton has had some tough matchups to start his career and it gets even harder with the Steelers defense coming to town.
WHERE: TIAA Bank Stadium
SAINTS (7-2) VS. FALCONS (3-6)
New Orleans Saints players hoist cornerback Patrick Robinson (21) after his late game interception in the end zone in the second half of an NFL football game against the San Francisco 49ers in New Orleans, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020. The Saints won 27-13. (AP Photo/Brett Duke)
The Saints won't have Drew Brees this week, which means Sean Payton will get to start Jameis Winston and use Taysom Hill in certain gadget situations. It will look like a totally different New Orleans team when they play the Falcons. Atlanta will hope to get back into the win column coming off of a bye.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 52-49 Falcons
WHERE: Mercedes-Benz Superdome
WASHINGTON (2-7) VS. BENGALS (2-6-1)
In this Sunday, Oct. 25, 2020, file photo, Cincinnati Bengals quarterback Joe Burrow (9) throws during the first half of an NFL football game against the Cleveland Browns, in Cincinnati. There's no shortage of high draft picks making huge impact around the league, especially on offense with the instant success of players like Burrow. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy)
Washington and the Bengals will meet again Sunday. Joe Burrow will be looking for the third win of his career. Washington's Alex Smith will hope he wins his first game as a starter in two years. This game means more for Washington than the Bengals. Washington needs a win to keep pace in the NFC East.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 5-4-1 Bengals
WHERE: FedEx Field
BRONCOS (3-6) VS. DOLPHINS (6-3)
Miami Dolphins quarterback Tua Tagovailoa (1) gesture as he leaves the field at the end of an NFL football game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Miami Gardens, Fla. The Dolphins defeated the Chargers 29-21. (AP Photo/Lynne Sladky)
Broncos-Dolphins kick off the late afternoon games for the NFL. Tua Tagovailoa is hoping to stay undefeated as a starter. Drew Lock is injured and it might fall on Brett Rypien again to take snaps. Miami could use a victory here and potentially tie the Bills for the AFC East lead.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 12-5-1
WHERE: Empower Field at Mile High
CHARGERS (2-7) VS. JETS (0-9)
Los Angeles Chargers quarterback Justin Herbert (10) is under pressure by Miami Dolphins defensive back Nik Needham (40) and defensive end Emmanuel Ogbah (91) during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Miami Gardens, Fla. (AP Photo/Wilfredo Lee)
The Jets have a chance to go 0-10 for the first time in franchise history. Their game against the Chargers will only determine draft position at this point of the season.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 22-12-1
WHERE: SoFi Stadium
PACKERS (7-2) VS. COLTS (6-3)
Green Bay Packers' Aaron Rodgers talks to Jacksonville Jaguars' Jake Luton after an NFL football game Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Green Bay, Wis. The Packers won 24-20. (AP Photo/Mike Roemer)
The best game of the evening is between the Packers and Colts. Two top divisional teams in the league go head-to-head. It's also a battle of veteran quarterbacks – Aaron Rodgers and Philip Rivers. If you love classic football, this throwback game should definitely be on every fan's radar.
WHERE: Lucas Oil Stadium
VIKINGS (4-5) VS. COWBOYS (2-7)
Chicago Bears place kicker Cairo Santos (2) is congratulated by teammate Pat O'Donnell (16) after kicking a 23-yard field goal during the first half of an NFL football game against the Minnesota Vikings Monday, Nov. 16, 2020, in Chicago. (AP Photo/Nam Y. Huh)
The Vikings and Cowboys is a big matchup for both teams. Minnesota, after starting the season pretty poorly, has come all the way back and is now making strides in the NFC North. The team just beat the Bears on Monday night and have a Sunday evening fight against the Cowboys. Dallas is hoping a win will keep them afloat in the NFC East.
WHERE: U.S. Bank Stadium
RAIDERS (6-3) VS. CHIEFS (8-1)
Las Vegas Raiders head coach Jon Gruden reacts during the second half of an NFL football game against the Cleveland Browns, Sunday, Nov. 1, 2020, in Cleveland. (AP Photo/Ron Schwane)
A major AFC West matchup will take place Sunday night. The Chiefs are looking for revenge on the Raiders. Las Vegas is responsible for Kansas City's lone loss on the season so far. Another win could pay dividends down the stretch.
WHERE: Allegiant Stadium
WATCH: NBC
BUCCANEERS (7-3) VS. RAMS (6-3)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers running back Ronald Jones (27) runs for a 98-yard touchdown against the Carolina Panthers during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Nov. 15, 2020, in Charlotte , N.C. (AP Photo/Gerry Broome)
The Buccaneers had a statement game against the Panthers after being blown out against the Saints. The most impressive win on their resume so far has been against the Packers. That could change Monday night when they play the Rams. Los Angeles' defense has been really good in last few weeks and clamping down on a tough Bucs offense would be as impressive as anything they've done this season.
ALL-TIME SERIES: 14-9 Rams
WHERE: Raymond James Stadium
WATCH: ESPN
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I had some time to kill on the weekend whilst my daughter was completing an exam in North Sydney, so with camera in hand I went for a bit of a wander in the area for a couple hours and took some images walking the streets and visiting the markets.
This first image was taken in the heart of North Sydney and shows the tower at the top of the North Sydney Post Office in front of one of the new modern glass skyscrapers behind.
I drive to the city many mornings and as you come down the freeway towards the tunnel and bridge you can see the compressed view of the buildings in North Sydney along with the harbour, the harbour bridge and the city behind and I've often thought it would be great to take that photo from this higher vantage. I see this pedestrian overpass which crosses high above the freeway from one side to the other and eyed it off as a potential shooting location. Anyway in my wanderings I found it (at the end of Ridge Street near North Sydney oval) and took the following images (actually from atop a wall just next to the walkway).
I was particularly happy with this last image – I hadn't pre-visualised this one whilst driving down the freeway since you don't get to see this view from the road but once I was up there this jumped straight out at me.


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President's
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Presidential Executive Office2022
Meeting with Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi
Vladimir Putin met with Italian Prime Minister Matteo Renzi on the sidelines of the G20 summit.
President of Russia Vladimir Putin: Good morning, Mr Prime Minister, friends,
It is a pleasure to have this chance to meet with you again here in Antalya.
Despite the challenges we face today in politics, security, and the economy, Russian-Italian relations continue to develop and produce successful results.
I want to start by congratulating you on the successful organisation of Expo-2015. A huge number of people, more than 21 million, visited the event. We were very happy that more than 4 million people visited the Russian pavilion.
Overall, we have plenty to discuss regarding the various areas of our cooperation. I am very happy to see you.
Prime Minister of Italy Matteo Renzi Renzi Matteo (retranslated): Thank you very much, Mr President.
Vladimir, I too am very pleased to see you today. Let me start by once again, on my own behalf and on behalf of the entire Italian people, expressing our solidarity and condolences for the tragedy that happened to the plane flying from Sharm el-Sheikh.
We already spoke about this on the telephone, but I think it is important for me to take this opportunity today to express personally our sorrow over this tragedy.
Vladimir Putin: Thank you. We are now in the concluding stage of studying the evidence at our disposal.
Matteo Renzi: I think that we need to make a show of unity. We need this unity above all in the fight against terrorism, as we have already discussed.
Once more, thank you very much for Russia's participation in Expo-2015. Yes, around four million visitors came to the Russian pavilion, but the most important thing is that the President of the Russian Federation visited the event. This was very important. I remember how we visited the Russian pavilion together and I was even lucky enough to be able to try some of Russian cuisine's finest dishes.
All news about G20 summit
November 15 − 16, 2015
Renzi Matteo
Published in sections: News, Transcripts
Publication date: November 16, 2015, 10:30
Direct link: en.kremlin.ru/d/50697
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Last updated at November 16, 2015, 20:33
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Presidential Executive Office


Selling Repo Vehicles for Wells Fargo.
Selling Online, a Sushi / Oriental Restaurant that was ONLY opened from April 2018 through May 2018!!
All Equipment is 2017 & 2018 Model!
Selling Vehicles, Tools, Tractor, & Equipment.
Vehicles & Items from Guardianship Estates, Commercial Plumbing Contractor, Leasing Company, & others. Also, New Industrial Tools & Tooling.
Complete Liquidation of Yorkmont Cafe. A staple of Charlotte area for many years has decided to close. All Equipment, Seating, & Decor will be Sold at Absolute Auction.
Complete Liquidation of J & S Cafeteria.
All Equipment, Seating, & more!
Complete Liquidation of Efficient Comfort Systems, 72 Degrees.
Classic Auctions has been contracted by the Secured Party to sell at Absolute Auction, all Vehicles, Tools, & Office Equipment.
Due to health reasons, we have been contracted to Liquidate this Living Estate.
(2) John Deere Tractors, 3pt Hitch Equipment, Trailers, Large Qty of Shop Tools & Related Equipment, Guns, Arrowhead & Indian Artifacts, Antiques, & much more!
Make sure to mark your calendar and don't miss this wonderful auction!
Selling a BBQ / Meat Shop, Family Diner, and Scratch & Dent Equipment!
Selling Seized Medical Equipment from Buckhead Surgical for Wells Fargo Bank. All Equipment has been moved to our warehouse, and will be Sold at an Online only Absolute Auction.


I commenced treatment at the LaserHealth® Solutions 3 weeks ago, where the staff administered gentle manual work to release the critical points of my shoulder, and thereafter laser treatment. The relief was immediate after the first appointment and I slept without pain that night!
To this date, I have had 6 treatments and I feel the results have been significant enough to compel me to write this letter, with sincere thanks to Charlotte and Blaine!"


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With experience gathered over more than 40 years, Lawo is distinguished by its engineering and manufacturing of most reliable and most advanced audio mixing consoles available. Originally developed for broadcast environments with zero tolerance for failure, Lawo consoles are also widely chosen for their audio quality in theater, studio and live performance applications.
Easy - versatile - reliable. The mc²36 is the German company's first all-in-one console, designed for maximum ease-of-use and "unbelievable" value-for-money, to make the benefit of this expertise available for an even broader group of users. The compact size, in-built DSP and I/0 make the console equally perfect for permanent installations with limited space and rental companies' transportation demands.
mc²36 provides additional Lawo-specific features that improve the workflows and quality of any broadcast, theater production or live performance.
While the mc²36 comes fully prepared for stand-alone operation, it is also equipped for expansion and networking with other mc²36/56/66 consoles or Lawo Nova audio routers.
A MADI tie-line port and three RAVENNA/AES67/ST2110-30/-31 Audio-over-IP ports provide future-proof connectivity for additional I/0 devices and networking.
And even though the mc²36 is ready-to-go, it is not limited to a fixed configuration. Any aspect of the console can be adapted to meet specific users' needs. All production data can be easily saved on a USB-stick and transferred to another console – particularly convenient for rental applications.
provide an ideal tool for various applications. The 21.5" full HD touch-screens work hand-in-hand with the touch-sensitive color-illuminated rotary encoders. E.g. the equalizer window will automatically pop-up when touching the equalizer encoders - and after adjusting the parameters the auto-close function will close the window without additional user action to restore the full overview.
extremely compact and combines easy access to all parameters with an enhanced overview.
Super-bright 21.5" HD touch-screens provide excellent overview of all aspects of the console, and allow immediate operation via touch-optimized dialog windows. For input patching, it is only necessary to touch the input section of the desired fader strip and select the source directly on the screen. Tasks such as VCA allocation, bus or aux assignments and mix-minus configurations are also performed intuitively via the touch-screen. Again, the console can be readily adapted to user's requirements by adjusting the channel display accordingly - just choose and display those parameters that are important and hide any unnecessary or distracting elements. For example, you could de-select the track buses or show 16 instead of eight aux buses. The metering automatically scales to the maximum available space, showing all fader Ievels permanently on the HD display. ln addition, multi-row metering allows for permanent metering of signals from other layers or banks.
The mc²36 is a universal console, providing a comprehensive feature set for broadcast, theater, house of worship, live and install applications. To make this possible, Lawo has optimized its features to provide benefits not only for one application, but for all. The one common factor is that everything is optimized for fast-paced operation in demanding environments.
With its all-in-one approach, the compact mc²36 is especially attractive for mobile productions and rental companies: Only one flightcase is required for console, DSP core and I/0. ln addition to the German quality chassis and electronics, the mc² 36 can be ordered in a heavy-duty flightcase version ready for the road. But its not just the hardware factors that make the mc²36 a perfect choice for rental companies – features like saving and loading configurations and show files easily via USB sticks are especially valuable in the rental and touring business, where several consoles and users might be involved.
Lawo consoles have been synonymous with excellence in audio quality for more than 40 years – and the mc²36 is no exception. From input to output, from its microphone preamps to its DSP processing algorithms, this console is a precision tool for any audio production, providing a Ievel of sound quality never before achieved in this price segment.
The Lawo mc²36 features integrated input and output connectivity to meet for a broad range of broadcast and install applications, as well as FOH and monitoring. The 32 Lawo microphone preamps are identical with those found on Lawo's renowned 941/55 microphone card for DALLIS systems, providing an extremely linear frequency response of only 0.03dB between 20Hz and 20kHz and an unbelievably low THD of 0.0006%.
ln addition to the onboard inputs and outputs, a MADI tie-line connection and three RAVENNA/AES67/ST2110-30/-31 Audio-over-IP ports provide future-proof connectivity for up to 384 external inputs and outputs, resulting in a total capacity of 496 physical inputs and outputs. The mc²36 is fully prepared for intelligent networking with other mc²36/56/66 consoles. lt can also be operated in combination with Lawo Nova audio routers, giving instant access to thousands of audio channels. Lawo mc² consoles provide intelligent mechanisms, including user-right management to allow input sharing between several consoles.
The mc² Compact I/O is a convenient and cost-efficient way to expand the mc²36's connectivity and to provide a distant stagebox solution in addition to the Onboard I/O. Connected via CAT5 or fiber (optional), the ruggedized 5RU stagebox provides 32 Mic/Line inputs, 32 Line outputs, 8 digital AES3 inputs, 8 digital AES3 outputs, 8 GPIO and a MADI (SFP) port. The mc²36 allows for connecting up to three mc² Compact I/O.
low-spinning fans for cooling. This is especially important in environments such as concert halls, where fan noise is obtrusive.
processing is guaranteed throughout the signal chain.
As a result, the DSP flexibility and internal audio quality make the console truly universal: set it up to record a symphonic orchestra one day, and run a TV production the next.
Loudness Metering according to EBU R128 and ATSC A/85, momentary or short term in every channel, integrated measurement on sum channels with display of integrated LUFS value in headline.
Height: 5RU / 220 mm / 8,7"
Width: 482,6 mm / 19"


Vice Adm. Joseph Aucoin, who is in charge of the fleet in Yokosuka, Japan, was relieved of command on Wednesday, after four collisions occurred this year.
The US Navy dismissed the commander of the fleet that has suffered four collisions this year, including two fatal ones.
Vice Adm. Joseph Aucoin, the three-star commander of the US 7th Fleet in Yokosuka, Japan, was relieved of his duties on Wednesday due to a "loss of confidence in his ability to command," according to a press release from the US Pacific Fleet.
Rear Adm. Phil Sawyer will take over the post, effective immediately.
The news comes after the USS John S. McCain collided with a merchant vessel near Singapore early on Monday, leaving several men dead. It's still not clear if all 10 missing from the ship are deceased, but some bodies were recovered on Tuesday.
BuzzFeed News has reached out to the Navy for more information about the dismissal. A Department of Defense spokesperson said it was a "Navy personnel matter" when contacted, and declined to comment further.
Aucoin was planning to retire soon, but the firing is in accordance with the Navy's policy of public accountability, by which it dismisses commanders or ship captains as soon as it loses confidence in their leadership.
Monday's collision was the fourth mishap this year for the 7th Fleet, and the second fatal one. In June, the destroyer USS Fitzgerald collided with a container ship near Japan, killing seven sailors. Last week, the Navy relieved three of the Fitzgerald's senior officers, including its captain, for mistakes that led to the accident.
In May, the guided-missile cruiser USS Lake Champlain was hit by a small fishing boat near the Korean Peninsula. And in January, another guided-missile cruiser, the USS Antietam, ran aground while trying to anchor in Tokyo Bay.
The Navy announced on Monday that it would have an "operational pause" to investigate what could be done to improve its practices and save lives in the future.


Chicago's Museum of Broadcast Communications is using open-source storage technology from Cleversafe to archive and deliver content.
Chicago's Museum of Broadcast Communications (MBC) collects, preserves, and presents historic and contemporary radio and television content with the purpose of educating, informing, and entertaining the public through its archives, public programs, screenings, exhibits, publications and online access to its resources.
MBC also runs Museum.tv--which stores and delivers terabytes of digitized radio and television content. Currently, they are featuring a 1984 senatorial debate including Roland Burris--whom you may recognize as the senator just appointed to fill Barack Obama's vacancy (check out the protests at the start of the debate and how the moderator handles it).
Through the years, the primary challenge the not-for-profit MBC faced was the lack of resources to put together a large enough storage infrastructure to handle the massive amount of digital data they had and needed to present. At one point, when their single-server storage setup didn't foot the bill, they had to suspend their online services.
All told, MBC has more than 100,000 hours of content that it needs to store and distribute. Due to its size and lack of structured data, video remains inherently difficult and expensive to store. And let's not get started on reliability and security issues--achieving data reliability and security at the terabyte level using traditional storage methods based on replication requires significant hardware capacity at multiple sites.
When Cleversafe CEO and MBC-member Chris Gladwin heard about this, he contacted MBC to introduce Cleversafe's Dispersed Storage technology that could potentially solve their problems.
Here's how Dispersed Storage works: instead of copying data, Cleversafe divides it into "slices" and disperses it across a secure network to different geographic locations. Each slice contains too little information to be useful, but any threshold of the slices can be used to perfectly re-create the original data. Manageability? Yup. The sum of all the slices is still less than maintaining multiple copies of the original data.
One interesting sidebar to this--in addition to data storage, MBC also relies on Cleversafe for distribution instead of a separate content delivery network (CDN). When users view content on MBC's site, the data is pulled directly from Cleversafe and displayed via a media server in front of the Cleversafe hardware, saving MBC money and physical space without sacrificing performance or scalability for their end users.


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text:
Can Blues rise against rugged Kings?
stuhackel
The Blues hope to get defenseman Alex Pietrangelo back from his injuries, but it will take a team-wide effort to get St. Louis out of its surprising funk vs. the Kings. (Andrew D. Bernstein/NHLI via Getty Images)
By Stu Hackel
What a curious little theme we've had going recently in the second round of the Stanley Cup playoffs -- addition by subtraction. The Devils were forced to play without sniper Ilya Kovalchuk and came up with a fine road performance in beating the Flyers 4-1 on Tuesday. The Capitals cut into Alex Ovechkin's ice time in Monday's Game 2 and beat the Rangers 3-2 (although he was certainly out there a lot in Game 3's near-doubleheader loss to New York). The Predators, playing poorly and down 2-0 in games to the Coyotes, suspended their two top scorers for Wednesday's Game 3 at home and pulled off one of their trademark textbook victories, a 2-0 Pekka Rinne shutout.
Unfortunately, it didn't work that way for the Blues earlier this week. They were without their best defenseman -- maybe their best player -- in Alex Pietrangelo for Game 2 at home against the Kings, and rather than respond positively to the adversity, they played their worst period in memory, falling behind 4-0, never recovering, and ultimately losing 5-2. Now, they must skate in Los Angeles for the next pair, and the upstart Kings have a chance to put them in the sleeperhold.
Pietrangelo is recovering from a pair of knocks he suffered in Game 1, a leg injury and what is being termed concussion-like symptoms (no one seems to want to call it a concussion) caused by this hit from Dwight King, and that's when everything started going sour for the Blues.
King was assessed only a minor penalty and not suspended by the league. The shorthanded goal that Matt Greene scored turned out to be the Game 1 winner, and in Game 2, King was invited to participate in a vengeance fight with B.J. Crombeen in which King the King -- a much bigger guy -- had no trouble. That scrap probably helped add to LA's first period momentum, reversing whatever galvanizing effect the Blues might have thought they'd gained from it.
The good news for the Blues is that Pietrangelo may be able to go in Game 3. The bad news is the hole they have dug for themselves may be too deep.
The Blues can't think that way. Their coach, Ken Hitchcock, spun the reminder that Sunday's debacle was only one loss, and that they had played well in the second and third periods (audio). It was that first period, however, that may turn out to be the defining stretch of this entire series by the time it's through. Four goals in one stanza from the supposedly offensively anemic Kings against the NHL's best defensive club is something of a mind-blower, especially in the supposed tight-checking playoffs. But only one team was checking in the early going -- the road team.
"Full marks to them: Their emotional investment in the first period was greater than ours," Hitchcock said. "We've got to invest a lot more early in the game. And, like I said, that's the nice part of the payoffs. It's only one game, one loss and you move on." Still, St. Louis' effort in the first 20 minutes was bad enough to cause CNBC analyst Mike Keenan to savage the Blues' players during the first intermission, saying that they were not prepared to play. It was a harsh indictment for any team coached by Hitchcock. With the score 5-1 after the second period, Keenan wasn't much nicer (video). "They're not even involved in this game," he said. And he also doled out some deserved praise for the play of the Kings, especially their excellent top line of Dustin Brown, Anze Kopitar and Justin Williams, who dominated the contest.
Praise should also have gone to Dustin Penner, who used his big frame to stun the Blues in the first minute, helping to set up the opening goal by Mike Richards and exploiting the absence of Pietrangelo. Hitchcock started Barret Jackman and Kevin Shattenkirk, and Penner easily bodied Shattenkirk aside to help create the tally.
Playing physically is not something that is normally associated with Penner, who Helene Elliott of The Los Angeles Times called "seemingly unmotivatable." But that's the kind of emotional investment of which Hitchcock spoke. The coach also lamented his team's costly turnovers, like the one by Carlo Colaiacovo that led to yet another shorthanded goal by the Kings, their fourth of the postseason.
"We're trying to force offense when its not there," Hitchcock said. "They're pressing up and we've got to make them turn...When you force offense, you try to play east-west. Against this team, they check too well."
The Blues didn't check at all. By the late stages of the first period they had also seemingly stopped skating as Penner took a face-off win and broke in with Jeff Carter, who became the first beneficiary...
...and Kopitar, as the period neared conclusion, again tallied while the Blues just watched.
If another team this spring has had a worse 20 minutes, I can't recall it. "It's embarrassing the way we came out in the first period," Jackman said.
If Pietrangelo does come back, the Blues can't view him as the one-man cavalry riding to their rescue. He alone won't be enough to remedy what's ailing them. Their entire defense corps looks discombobulated and they've gotten too little production from some key forwards like T.J. Oshie (0 goals, 3 assists), Alex Steen (1 goal, 2 assists) and David Perron (1 goal, 3 assists). And Brian Elliott, who couldn't come up with big saves to stop the bleeding, won't be getting relief from Jaroslav Halak, who is still sidelined with an ankle injury.
Meanwhile, everything is going right for the Kings, starting with goalie Jonathan Quick and radiating out from there. Brown and Richards, the two spark plugs, have fired up a team that too often this season looked disinterested when it didn't look confused. The Kings' clear physical dominance of first the Canucks and now the Blues -- the West's top two regular season teams -- has made it look as if those who called them the NHL's biggest underachievers all season were right.
So it's up to the Blues now to turn in a full effort on enemy ice or this one could be another short series for Los Angeles. Considering how well St. Louis played for most of the season, this is the first serious calamity that Hitchcock's young club has faced and it will be a big test to see if it can rediscover its confidence and focus that made it one of the NHL's best stories of 2011-12.
"We've had times in the season where we've all bought in, and we've had times when we're half in, half out," said captain David Backes, "That's where we are right now. ... Enough is enough, and we've got to determine as a group if we're going to attack this thing, or if we're going to tuck tail and run."
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Can Kings of the road grab Game 5?
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Will the Road Bite the Kings?
Blues-Kings Preview


Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms at all levels of organization, from gene through species to higher taxonomic forms and also includes the variety of ecosystems and habitats as well the processes occurring therein. Biodiversity is fundamental to the fulfillment of human needs - a biodiversity rich region offers wide options and opportunities for sustaining human welfare including adoption to changes.
The word "Assam" has its origin in the Sanskrit Word "Asom" meaning unparalleled or peerless. Indeed Assam is unparalleled as nature has been uniquely generous in endowing the State with such bounties that Assam is part of one of the 25 mega diverse region on planet earth.
In his book "Red River and Blue Hills" eminent scholar Hem Barua has written, "to many outsides Assam is no more than a land of mountains and malaria, earthquake and floods and the Kamakhya Temple. To others, it is a green woodland where slothful serpents, insidious tigers, wild virulent eyes and clams. Assam to most of the people is mentally a distant horizon like Bolivia or Peru – less known and more fancied".
However, today, Assam is not only more fancied, but also known for its ecological diversity, for the range of floral and faunal species and for the conservation successes achieved. Kaziranga, Manas, Pobitora, Orang, Dibru-Saikhowa are names recognized world over and bring laurels to the people of this magnificent State.
The climatic conditions cause prevalence of not and highly humid weather in this part of country and coupled with heterogenic physiography make possible luxuriant growth of a number of plant communities imparting Assam a distinct identity phytogeographically, many a species are endemic to this region and it is also the center of origin for commercially important plants including Banana, Citrus, Mango, Zizyphus, and Tea. The array of floristic richness has prompted many a scholars to describe Assam as the "Biological Gateway" of North East. The eminent Plant Taxonomist and Plant Geographer Armen L. Takhtajan observed, "Cradle of flowering plants lies in between Assam and Fiji".
In the "Revised Survey of Forest Types in India", Champion and Seth categorized as many as fifty one different forest types/ sub types for this region. But, the species diversity is so spectacular that it becomes often difficult to clearly identify separate riche to existing plant formations. However, broadly speaking the forest in Assam can be described into following types/ sub types.
• Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
• Tropical Semi Evergreen Forests.
• Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests.
• Sub-tropical Broadleaf Hill Forests.
• Littoral and Swamp Forests.
Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests are found in the districts of Golaghat, Jorhat, Sibsagar, Tinsukia, Dibrugarh and in a narrow stretch in Lakhimpur and Dhemaji districts along foot hills. These forests also occur in the southern part of the State at lower elevations in Borail Range, and in Loharbund, Sonai, Longai and Dholia Reserve Forests in Cachar and Karimganj Districts.
Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus), the tallest tree of Assam and also the "State Tree" is the most predominant constituent of these forests. The associated species are Borpat, Jutuli ,Sam, Dewa sam, Nahar, Teeta chap, Bhelu, Mekai etc.
Forests in Southern Assam have, however, Dipterocarpus terbinatus(Garjan) in association with Mesua ferrea (Nahar), Mesua floribunda (Bolong), Michelia glabra (Champ), Palaquium polyanthum (Kathalua) etc.
One witness luxuriant growth of epiphytes and trees with fissured bark support magnificent ornamental orchids of Assam. Lianas, vines and climbers are plentiful twining round trees in middle canopy. Almost all the tree ferns of Assam growing majestically in these forests present a treat to the eyes. The undergrowth is dense with both low shrubs and herbs occupying the space. Canes, palms and bamboos grow along edges of forests.
Tropical Semi Evergreen Forests occur mostly in Hallangapar, Abhoypur, Dilli, Dhansiri, Kholahat, Mayong, Garbhanga, Rani, Mahamaya, Guma, Haltugaon, Kachugaon, Gali, Pobha, Ranga, Kakoi, Nauduar, Batasipur, Dohalia, Singla, Longai, Bhuban Pahar, Sonai, Barak and Inner Line Reserve Forests along Northern and Southern parts of the State.
These forests have mostly medium size trees with few large trees. Shrubs, lianas, climbers, orchids and ferns grow copiously. At the fringe bamboos and canes occupy the space.
Species association and frequency of their occurrence vary from forest to forest, but the ones commonly found are Actinodaphne obovata (Petarichawa), Aesculus species (Ramanbih), Artocarpus chama(Sam), Albizia species(Siris, Sau, Koroi), Anthocephalus chinensis (Kadam), Duabanga grandiflora (Khakan), Castonopsis species (Hingori, Dhobahingori, Kanchan),Dillenia indica (Ou-tenga), Bauhinia purpurea (Kanchan), Lagerstroemia species(Jarul, Ajar,Sidha), Magnolia species(Phulsopa, Gahorisopa, Pansopa, Kharikasopa, Kathalsopa, Duleesopa),Mallotus species(Sinduri, Joral, Dudhloti, Buritokan), Michelia champaca(Teeta campa), Syzygium species(Paharijam, Mokrajam, Berjamu, Kolajamu, Bogijamu, golapjamu). Schima wallichii (Bolem,Ghugra), Terminalia species, (Hilikha, Bohera, Bhomora), Trewia nudiflora(Bhelkor), Hatipolia, Holok etc.
Moist Deciduous Forests can further be described as Sal Forests and Mixed Deciduous Forests. Sal Forests occupy considerable forest area in the Central and Lower parts of the State in the Districts of Nagaon, Morigaon, Kamrup, parts of Nalbari and Barpeta, Darrang, Dhubri, Kokrajhar and Goalpara.
In these forests, Sal grows in association with Lagerstroemia species(Jarul, Ajar), Schima Wallichii(Ghugra), Stereospermum personatum (Paruli), Adina cordifolia (Haldu), Artocarpus species (Sam), Ficus species(Bor, Dimoru, Dhupbor, Bot, Athabor, tengabor, Lotadioru, Khongaldimoru), Bischofia javanica (Uriam), Gmelina arborea (Gomari), Michelia champaca(Teeta champa), Terminalia species (Hilikha, Bhomora, Bohera). Toona ciliate (Poma) etc.
Moist Deciduous Mixed Forests occur at the foot of hills in Lakhimpur, Dhemaji, Karbi-Angong and N. C. Hills districts. Trees are mostly deciduous with Sprinkling of few evergreen and semi-evergreen species. Important plant species growing in these forests include Adina cordifolia9 Haldu), Albizia species(Siris, Kolasiris, Koroi, Sau) Alstonia scholaris(Satiana), Artocarpus chama (Sam), Careya arborea( Kumbhi), Dalbergia species(Sissoo, Medelua), Ficus species (Bot, Bor, Dimoru), Lagerstroemia species (Jarul, Ajar), Mallotu species (Senduri, Joral, Dudhloti) etc.
These forest harbour rich diversity of shrubby and herbaceous ground vegetation. Some of the Reserve Forests also have teak plantations.
Bordering Moist Deciduous Forests in rain shadow areas are found forests which has been referred to as "Dry Forests" by Kanjilal. This type of forests are encountered in the Lumding, Langting, Mailongdisa Reserve Forests. A typical example is the Umananda Island in the middle of Brahmaputra North of Guwahati. Important species include, Aegle marmelos(Bel), Albizia species(Siris), Cassia fistula(Sonaru), Bombax (Simul), Alstonia scholaris(Satiana), Ficus species(Bor), Litsea species(Loban, Bagnola, Mezankori, Honwalu,Digloti) Melia azedarach(Neem), Moringa oleifera(Sajana), Orosylum indicum(Bhatgila), Mallotus species(Senduri), Terminalia species(Hilikha,Bhomora) etc.
Sub-tropical Broad Leaf Hills forests and Sub-tropical Pine forests occur in the districts of Karbi-Anglong and N. C. Hills. Species commonly occurring are Alseodaphne petiolaris(Ban-hanwalu), Antidesma bunius, Betula alnoides, Cleidon speciflorum etc. Higher up pure stands of Pinus kesiya(Khasi-pine) are found particularly in the Hamren sub-division in Karbi-Anglong district.
Grass land and Savannahs are grass dominated biomes and form the major part of vegetation in Kaziranga National Park, Pobitora, Orang, Sonai-Rupai, Laokhowa, Barnadi, Burachapori, Dibru-Saikhowa Wildlife Sanctuaries and some part in Manas National Park. Grasslands support important wildlife population in Assam. Important grasses are Apluda mutica, Phragmatis karka, Sclerostachya fusca, Saccharum species etc. These species grow gregariously at the onset of monsoon and grow even upto 6 meters tall.
Littoral and Swamp forests have almost lost their identity because of biotic pressure on land. Presently sedges and grasses form the largest component of vegetation. Important species include Ageratum conyzoides, Alocasia species, Alpinia species., Amaranthus species., Bacopa species., Blumea species., Bombax species., Crotolaria species. etc.
Because of its physiography, edaphic conditions and a conducive climatic as well as a number of protected areas, Assam boasts of profuse diversity of floristic elements.
Altogether 4273 species of vascular plants have been recorded in Assam which constitutes 25.12% of total floristic wealth of India. The table below gives an account of various groups of vascular plants.
In Assam plants belonging to family Poaceae with 303 species form the largest group of vascular plants. Herbaceous plants make 47.83% of the flora followed by trees (19.97%), shrubs(19.67%) and climbers(12.53%) Fern and Fern Allies with 315 and 40 species respectively in Assam represent 25.45% and 35.84% of Indian Pteridophytes. The important species are Psilotum nudum, Huperzia phlegmaria, Huperzia squarrosa and Royal Ferns e.g. Osmunda regalis, Osmunda japonica and Osmunda claytoniana and majestic tree ferns like Angiopteris assamica, Angiopteris erecta, Alsophilia species etc.
Assam has 23 species of Gymnosperms and include Cycas pectinata, Podocarpaus neriifolia, P. Wallichianus, Pinus kesia and Genetum gnemon with three varities and G. montanum. These species have restricted distribution but represent plants of high economic importance as source of timber, pulpwood, resins and turpentine and their seed as source of food and medicine and leaves as vegetables.
Angiosperms form the largest category of plants in Assam with 3895 species. Assam has also 154 species of primitive Angiosperms better known as "Living fossils" belonging to family Magnoliaceae (19 species), Schizandraceae (1 species), Annonaceae (45 species), Myristicaceae (7 species), Chloranthaceae (2 species) and Lauraceae (80 species). Outside Assam only one "Living Fossils" species have been recorded from Bomdi- La in Arunachal Pradesh.
The important species are Magnolia species., Pachylarnax pleiocarpa, Fissistigma species., Alseodaphne species., Cinnamomum species., Litsea species., Michelia species. etc.
Plants belonging to this category are the most economically important plants of Assam and meet the demand for timber, plywood, pulpwood, furniture, agricultural implements. Leaves of Litsea monopetala, L. cubeba etc. are used for rearing silkworm.
In Assam as many as 293 species of Orchids are reported which represent 44.39% of North.East species and 24.42% of species occurring in India.
Orchids as a group of flowering plants exhibit wide range of habits and have specific macro climatic requirements for their growth, development and regeneration. Assam orchids show all the habits and growth forms found in Orchidaceous taxa. Mostly they are epiphytes. Goodyera procera and Spiranthis sinesis are adapted to aquatic habitant whereas Vanilla pilifera and Galeola altissima are climbers.
Orchids grow to their magnificent best in the Evergreen and Semi- Evergreen forest and to some extent in Moist Deciduous forests. Species belonging to genera Acanthephippium, Anoectochilus, Apostasia, Agrostophyllum, Coelogyne, Cymbidium, Dendrobium, Eria, Oberonia, Calanthe, Eulophia, Geodorum, Habenaria, Malaxis, Nephelaphyllum, Vanilla, Zeuxine, Didymoplexis, Galeola, Bulbophyllum, Camarotis are the commonly found orchids.
Bamboos have gained considerable importance in the socio-economic life of people in Assam for the variety of uses they cater to.
Altogether 38 naturally growing species of bamboo are recorded in Assam of which Bamboosa masrtersei is restricted in distribution to Dibrugarh district. Bamboosa cacharensis, Dinochlora compactiflora, D.india are restricted to Barak Valley. Chimnobabusa griffithiana and Oxetenanthera parviflora are restricted in distribution to N.C.Hills. Bambusa rangaensis grows wild in the Ranga R.F. of Lakhimpur district. Bamboosua vulgaris is the introduced species cultivated throughout Assam as ornamental plant.
Bambusa jaintiana and Melocanna arundiana are the species reported only from Assam.
There are no exclusive bamboo forest in the plains of Assam, bamboo grooves are found mostly along the edge of Reserve Forests. But pure bamboo forests occur in N.C Hills and Karbi Anglong districts predominated with Melocanna baccifera and Chimnobambusa griffithiana.
Bamboo is cultivated widely in Assam and every household grows bamboo in its bari land. Commonly cultivated species are Bambusa balcooa (Bhaluka bamboo), Bambusa tulda (Jati bamboo), Malocanna bacciferra (Muli bamboo), Dendrocalamus hamiltonii (Koko bamboo) and Dendrocalamus giganteus (Mokalm bamboo).
14 species of cane grow in cane brakes in forests of Assam. Calamus flagellum, Calamus floribunadus, Calamus latifolius are found widely distributed throughout Assam.. Plectomia assamica and Plectomia bractealis are endemic species.
Assam is home to a good number of plants having medicinal uses in Aurvedic, Unani, Homeopathic and even modern medical practices. Quite a few of them are used by traditional village practitioners called Bej and people respond favourably to these traditional practitioners particularly in rural areas. Altogether, 952 plants species have been identified which have uses in medical practices in some form or other. Asparagus racemosa (Satmul), Curcuma aromatica (Ban-haldi), Emblica officinalis (bel), Terminalia species (Hilikha, Bahera), Eugenia jambolana(Loha-jam),Garcina species (Thekera), Holarrhina antidysentrica (Dudhkuri), Hydnocarpus kurzii (Chalmugra), Litsea cubeba (Mejankuri), Ocimum species.(Tulsi), Phlogocanthus thyrsiflorus (Titaphul), Piper longum (pipoli), Saraca indica (Asoka), Wedelia calandulacea (Mahabhringraj), Zinziber officinalis (Ada) are some of the most commonly used plants in treatment of various aliments. But the list is not exhaustive.
Assam has more fresh water wetlands then any other state in the North Eastern Region. The two major drainage systems of Assam-the Brahmaputra and the Barak and in the flood plains of these river systems exist patches of marshy depressions and swamps as well as perennial water bodies of varying shape, size and depth called locally as beels, haors, jalah, doloni, hola, pitoni etc. Man made tanks like Joysagar, Sibsagar, Dighalipukhuri, Jorpukhuri, Hazarapukhuri, Rajhuwa Borpukhuri etc. were also dug by ancient Rulers of Assam. There are an estimated 3513 beels and hoars 1,85,623 ponds and tanks and one reservoir in Assam. Deepor beel near Guwahati is a Ramsar site. Besides Deepor beel and some others mentioned above wetlands of importantce are Chandubi, Rata, Sohola, Taralipather, Phokolai, Mer, Sonbeel, Jamjing, Sagunpara, Motapung, Sarlane, Sareswar, Roumari, Khalihamari, Goranga, Sapekhati, Koladuar etc.
The aquatic plants species of Assam belongs to diverse habits and have distinctive characteristics. More than 100 such aquatic species have been identified and they can be described into following broad categories.
1. Free floating hydrophytes: Eichhornia cressipes, Pistia stratioles, Lemna mino etc.
2. Suspended submersed hydrophytes: Ceratophyllum demersum, Utricularia gibba etc.
3. Anchored submerged hydrophytes: Hydrilla, Potomogeton, vallisnaria etc.
4. Anchored hydrophytes with floating leaves: Nelumbo, Euryle etc.
5. Anchored hydrophytes with floating shoots: Ludwigia, Ipomea etc.
6. Emergent amphibious hydrophytes: Sagittaria, Scrirpus.
7. Wetland hydrophytes: Cyperus, Hygrophylla etc.
Endemic flora are plants which occur in a restricted area. Altogether 165 species of plants have been recorded which are restricted in distribution to certain pockets in Assam, though some of them show extended destruction in the N.E. Region and elsewhere in India. However about 100 such species have distribution restricted to Assam only. These include trees e.g. Accacia gageana, Adiantum assamicum, Alseodaphne andersonii, Alseodaphane khasyana, Angiopteris assamica, Cedrela fabrifuga, Cinnamomum cacharensis, Coelogyne assamica, Combretum wallichii, Dinochloa indica, Diospyros cacharensis, Dipterocarpus mannii, Eugenia cyanophylla, bamboos e.g. Bambusa cacharensis, Bambusa mastersii, Chimnobambusa griffitheana, orchids e.g. Bulbophyllum elassonotum, Bulbophyllum vireus, Dendrobium assamicum etc.
From all available account following categories of threatened plants recognized by the IUCN have been reported from Assam.
Extinct: Bambusa mastersii, Cleisostoma arietinum, Cyperus corymbosus, Dendrobium assamicum, Dendrobium aurantiacum, Hetaeria anomala, Liparis stachyurus and Sapria himalayana. Paphiopedilum specerianum is reported to be extinct in wild.
Besides the above; 284 species of plants are observed to be critically endangered, 149 species as endangered, 58 species as vulnerable, 13 species as near threatened.
Assam is part of the transitional zone between the Indian, Indo- Malayan and Indo- Chinese Biographical regions. Favourable climate, topographic and edaphic factors support luxuriant growth of diverse plant communities and create varied habitats. The Wet Evergreen, Semi-Evergreen, Moist Deciduous, Wet Savannah and riparian forest as well as extensive network of river systems and swamps , marshes and wetlands provide ideal conditions and suitable habitat for sustenance of wide variety of fauna be it mammals, primates, reptiles, amphibians, fishes, mollusks , birds, butterflies, moths etc. With existence of one of the most diverse faunal population; Assam provides the gateway for spread of both oriental and Palaearctic fauna to other parts of the country.
Assam forms the western most boundary for the Indo-Chinese species including primates and the easternmost limit of several peninsular mammalian fauna. The distributional extent of several Indian species including clawless otter, the spotted deer, the swamp deer, the stone marlin, the hispid hare, the great Indian one horned rhinoceros, the pigmy hog etc. have terminated in Assam plains. The distributional range of several Indo-Chinese fauna gets its sustenance from this region. Mention can be made of its sustenance from this region. Mention can be made of such species like clouded leopard, the marbled cat, the golden cat, the spotted linsang, the large Indian civet, the binturong, the crab eating mongoose, the ferret badger, the hog badger, the hoary bamboo rat, the bay bamboo rat etc .Assam is home to all the primate species found in the North Eastern region. Besides, many of the relict mammalian fauna of peninsular India particularly those occurring in the Western Ghats have close relationship with Assam and N.E region and therefore undoubtedly Assam holds a key place in the evolutionary process of divergence of mammalian fauna in India. Assam's mammalian diversity is represented by 193 species which are widely distributed in this region. But of late some of the species like one horned rhinoceros, water buffalo, pigmy hog, swamp deer, golden langur, hoolock gibbon have their distribution limited to isolated pockets and protected areas.
Out of 15 Indian primate species 9 are found in Assam. Hoolock gibbon is the only ape found in India. The other primate species are golden langur, capped monkey, rhesus macaque, pigtail macaque, stump tailed macaque, Assamese macaque, and slow Lorries. Golden langur or "Sonali Bandar" as it is known locally is confined between Sankosh river in the west; Manas in the east; Brhmaputra in the south and mountains in Bhutan in the north. Pigtail macaque and stumped tailed macaque locally known as Gahorinejia Bandar and "Senduiria Bandar" respectively are distributed in the Eastern, central and southern part of the state. Rhesus macaque, capped monkey and Assamese macaque are more or less distributed through the State. Assamese macaque and Rhesus monkeys are also found in villages and in urban areas. Most of the primates are predominately arborcal in nature but Rhesus monkey, Assamese macaque and stump tailed macaque are partly terrestrial also. Slow Lorries is the only prosimian found in Assam and the N.E. region. Locally known as "Lajuki Bandar" they are solitary animals and obligate canopy dwellers.. Because of the habitant loss and fragmentation the primates are facing serious threat to their survival.
Assam is one of the "endemic bird areas" in the world. With 950 bird species the State is home to 53.5% of the bird species found in the Indian Sub- Continent, 17 species of birds are endemic to Assam and include Manipur Bush Quail, Marsh Babbler, Snowy throated Babbler, Tawny breasted Wren Babbler, Blyth's Tragopan, Beautiful Sibia, Grey sibia, Black breasted Parrotbill, Chestrunt breasted partridge, Rusty breasted shortwig etc. 45 species of birds from Assam find mention in the Indian Red Data Book and include white winged wood duck, Blyth's Tragopan, Greater Adjutant, lesser Adjutant, Leser whitefronted Goose, Merbled Teal, Beer's Pochard, Palla's Sea Eagle, Greater spotted Eagle, Green Peafowl, White rumped vulture, longbilled vulture etc.
Assam's varied physiography and habitant conditions support a rich variety of reptilian population. Gangetic gharial, 19 species of tortoises and 77 species of snakes and lizards are found in the state.
Assam and other parts of the N.E. region have 70 species of Amphibions reported from the region.. Gangenophis fulleri and Ichthyphis garoensis are endemic to Assam.
The Brahmaputra and Barak river system along with their tributaries and flood plain wetlands locally known as beels provide very condusive habitant for an array of fish species, Assam and other parts of N.E. region is recognized as one of the hot spots of fresh water fish biodiversity. 197 food, sports and ornamental fish species are reported from the region of which 185 are reported from Assam. The important ornamental fish species are colisa, Nemacheilus, Danio, Botia and Chaca. Commercially important fish species include, Rohu, Ktla, Pabha,Pabda Chital, Magur, Singi, Sol, etc. Over exploitation is posing serious threats to fish diversity and 25 species are identified as threatened.
The river systems and extensive flood plains also harbour fresh water mollusks. So far 39 species of freshwater snails have been reported from Assam of which 10 species are used as food.
These are amongst most beautiful creatures on earth. Around 1500 species of butterflies are reported from India of which nearly half are reported from Assam and N.E. India. The Swallowtail butterflies occupy an important place and the IUCN has identified the entire N.E. Region as Swallowtail rich zone under "Swallowtail Conservation Action Plan". Butterflies play an important role in pollination of plants and besides being important aesthetically they play important role in biodiversity conservation.
Moths are also beautiful creatures and in Assam about 387 species of moths are reported. Most of the moth species are distributed throughout the State .
The Protected area Network in Assam occupies 3925-sq. km. area and constitute about 5 % of the State's geographical area. The PAN includes 5 National Parks and 17 Wildlife sanctuaries as well as 3 proposed Wildlife Sanctuaries, 3 Tiger Reserves, 5 Elephant Reserves, 2 Biosphere Reserves and 2 World Natural Heritage Sites and they play very important role in in-situ conservation of biodiversity. Kaziranga National Park needs no introduction and is virtually home to great Indian one horned rhinoceros. Besides, wild buffaloes, swamp deer, hog deer, sambar, elephant, tiger and leopard are also found in KNP. The faunal population of KNP has 35 species of mammals, 42 species of fishes, and 254 species of birds including Bengal florican. Kaziranga National Park in also a "World heritage site" and a" Tiger reserve". Manas National Park is also a Biosphere Reserve and forms a contiguous linear belt along the foot of Himalayas. The floral diversity includes 543 plant species. The faunal diversity is represented by 60 mammalian species, 42 species of reptiles, 7 species of amphibians, 5 fish species, 103 invertebrate species and 327 species of birds. Translcation of rhinos from Pobitora and Manas is being undertaken in stages to reintroduce rhinos in Manas. Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere Reserve includes Dibru- Saikhowa wild life Sanctuary and biogeographically exhibits the properties of both the Indian and Malayan sub-regions. It consists of a number of "ecotones" between floral communities of riparian and grassland habitats as well as deciduous forest and wet evergreen forest types. This biosphere reserve is home to many important faunal species including white wing wood duck, hoolock gibbon, wild buffalo, several species of turtles, Gangetic dolphin, golden mahaseer etc. The documented animal population includes 3 species of amphibians, 22 species of reptiles, 25 species of birds, 25 species of mammals, 62 species of fishes etc. This biosphere reserve is also home to a number of feral horses.
In view of the depletion of the global population of vultures, the Government of Assam in collaboration with the BNHS, Bombay has established a Vulture conservation & Breeding centre at Rani. The objectives of the project is to have 50 pairs of Vultures for breeding with the ultimate goal to release than in the wild.
Out of 25 Protected Areas (P.As) in Assam, Manas N.P., Nameri N.P, were notified as Project Tiger in 1973 and 1985 respectively. Recently in 2007, the Kaziranga N.P. was also brought under the agencies of Project Tiger inclusive of Laokhowa - Burachapori W.L.S complete. The Manas N.P has the distinction of having the highest number of endangered species which under went cruel unrest during the 1090s, consequent of which the Manas N.P. was enlisted as World Natural Heritage Site in Danger.


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Home » Education News » Teen charged in fatal…
Teen charged in fatal high school shooting appears in court
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) — The teenager accused of fatally shooting a fellow student at a North Carolina high school appeared…
CHARLOTTE, N.C. (AP) — The teenager accused of fatally shooting a fellow student at a North Carolina high school appeared before a judge Tuesday as his public defender requested a low bond and permission for the boy to stay home with his mother while awaiting trial.
Jatwan Craig Cuffie, the ninth-grade student charged as an adult with first-degree murder in the death of Bobby McKeithen, 16, appeared in shackles in Mecklenburg County District Court.
Cuffie, 16, showed virtually no emotion as Judge David Strickland explained the charges the boy faces after McKeithan was shot a day earlier in a hallway of Butler High School in Matthews, a Charlotte suburb. Cuffie said nothing when the judge asked him if he had any words.
Public Defender Joel Adelman asked Strickland to set Cuffie's bond at $10,000 and place him in his mother's custody at their home, saying Cuffie poses no threat to the community. Adelman also proposed the teen be placed under electric monitoring.
Strickland said the issue of the bond would be addressed at a hearing scheduled Nov. 7.
Tuesday's hearing lasted about 10 minutes and Currie then was returned to jail, where he is being held without bond. Moments later, his family left the Mecklenburg County Courthouse without speaking to reporters.
"He's their son. He's their baby, he's 16 years old," Adelman said of the family. "And it's difficult for them, as it would be for any parent."
Prior to the hearing, McKeithen's family said at a news conference that the 10th grader was a brother with "the biggest heart" who loved sports and dancing.
An affidavit filed in connection with a fatal shooting at a North Carolina high school indicates a recent fight in a store parking lot may have sparked the shooting.
WSOC-TV in Charlotte cites a Mecklenburg County arrest affidavit based on a police interview as saying Jatwan Cuffie was involved in a fight outside a grocery store last Friday with four other boys. According to the affidavit, Bobby McKeithen wasn't involved in the fight, but was asked his opinion as to who won.
The affidavit said Cuffie took a gun to school for protection Monday, and when the teenagers arrived at Butler High School, McKeithen punched Cuffie in the face as they stood in a hallway. According to the affidavit, Cuffie then shot McKeithen and went to a classroom, where a teacher took a bag containing the gun.
Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools Superintendent Clayton Wilcox said Monday that the shooting appears to have stemmed from a case of bullying "that escalated out of control," but McKeithen's family disputed the idea that McKeithen was a bully.
His mother, Ashley Mewborn, said she's worried about her other children and wants the school system to do whatever it has to do to keep students safe.
Matthews Police Capt. Stason Tyrrell said a school resource officer was in the school cafeteria at 7:14 a.m. Monday when he and security officers heard a commotion and encountered students running in a nearby hallway. Tyrrell said the resource officer found the victim, tried to give aid and called for a school lockdown. Within minutes, a teacher notified school officials that she was with a student who wanted to turn himself in.
Tim Aycock, public information officer for Matthews police, confirmed Tuesday that the gun used in the shooting was stolen in August from a car in Gaston County, adjacent to Mecklenburg County. Aycock said investigators are trying to determine where Cuffie got the gun.
Also, Aycock said the Mecklenburg County medical examiner found McKeithen died of a single gunshot wound to the torso.
Matthews is about 12 miles (20 kilometers) from downtown Charlotte.
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And the experiences she scored.
I was surprised with enlightenment.
And how she reached moon and the sun.
A horrible person rejected her as wife.
Yet the brave lady did not fret.
Stood up high and tall.
Shouted laughter and started to drool.
Of praises she got and criticism people hurled.
Her pains seemed heavier and rucksack was light.
Waved back while she paddled.
A new lesson and a new light.


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This optional Liquamizer Tank is designed for ePipe 609 users who like to experiement with variety of e-liquid flavors instead of pre-filled cartomizers.
Good tank taste is really much better than in a refillable cartomizer. Unfortunately enough that you can not replace the coils.
And what is the wattege of the coil?