The Condor Express is the best boat for charter trips in Santa Barbara and provides an exceptional platform for many types of events, including wedding and reception cruises, private party cruises, dinner cruises, private whale watching trips, corporate events and much more. Roomy and stable, the Condor Express features a luxurious, teak-paneled, walk-through cabin with smoked-glass windows and skylights, providing a comfortable and dramatic setting for memorable occasions.
The Condor Express capacity is 127 people and offers comfortable booth seating for up to 68 people. The vessel is equipped with a state-of-the-art Bose sound system for music, PA system for speakers, a complete galley, cocktail bar, buffet hot table and salad bar for drinks and munchies. Catering is also available for any outing from light snacks and hors d'oeuvres to full dinners, making Condor Express the best boat for charter trips in Santa Barbara.
Many of our charter trips include a visit to Channel Islands National Park. Ocean conditions permitting, the Condor Express can enter into Painted Cave, one of the world's longest natural sea caves! Many of our private whale watching trips offer scenic excursions along the shores of the Channel Islands, which are ripe with natural history.
With its unique catamaran design and a smooth, stable ride, Santa Barbara charter boat trips offer everyone a great experience. Whether you choose a scenic cocktail cruise along the coast or opt to go to the Channel Islands and dine in a secluded cove, there is no better way to celebrate that special occasion and enjoy the beauty of the California Central Coast than aboard the Condor Express.


Our Senior Product Manager John Moran discusses how Security Orchestration, Automation and Response (SOAR) technology acts as a force multiplier in incident response. As a former incident response consultant, he's quite familiar with most of the challenges incident response teams are faced with daily. When an incident occurs, teams are immediately overwhelmed with tons of critical questions which need to be answered as soon as possible: When did this incident occur? What may have been exposed? What is the ongoing risk? How did this happen?


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Do We Really Need Digital? 2 Tips to Re-evaluate Your Need for Digital Marketing.


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Charli XCX and Camila Cabello to Join Taylor Swift on Tour
March 2, 2018 · Updated on May 28, 2018
Yesterday Taylor Swift took to social media with a big announcement about her upcoming Reputation Stadium Tour: Charli XCX and Camila Cabello will be joining the tour as Swift's opening act, and suddenly, this just became the Repu-slay-tion Tour.
"Hey guys, this is aReputation Stadium Tourupdate, and I've been wanting to tell you this for a really long time but, the opening acts on the Reputation Stadium Tour will be Charli XCX and Camila Cabello," Swift said in a Twitter video. "So, I'm really excited, I hope you are too, and I can't wait to see you, can't wait to see them really excited just about the whole thing, in general."
The real question is: Are gay people OK?! Are we holding it together after this news? We love T-Swift, but Cabello and Charli XCX have always been loud and proud allies of the LGBTQ community, and to see them all together is momentous. Cabello is close friends with the "Look What You Made Me Do" singer, with a brief stint as a member of Swift's notorious "squad."
Swift and British pop star Charli XCX are friends too. The British musician (neéCharlotte Emma Aitchison)had performed at one of Swift's concerts on the last tour. In 2016, FADER published a hilarious anecdote thatAitchison shared about the days following the concert, alluding to a moment where a box of Taylor Swift merch was delivered to her doorstep as a 'thank you' from the singer. What can we say? Taylorloves her fans!
The Reputation Stadium Tour kicks off in May, and you can purchase tickets here. I doubt Swift will bring out superstar guests each night like she did on the 1989 World Tour, but I'm sure she'll pull out all the stunts.
Tags: Celebrity, Music

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Scutellastra est un genre de gastéropodes prosobranches de la famille des Patellidae, vivant dans la zone de balancement des marées.

Liste des espèces
Selon  :

Galerie

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

Genre de gastéropodes (nom scientifique)
Patellidae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Home » Football Manager 2020 » FM20 Team Guide: Glentoran
FM20 Team Guide: Glentoran
Written by cplatts85 on 12/12/2019 Leave a Comment - Last Updated 12 December 2019
Football Manager 2020 Notts County Team Guide
After a few days off, CPlatts85's Football Manager team guides is back with a brand new edition. This time we cross the Irish Sea from England with Notts County to Northern Ireland, and Belfast specifically.
Today I'll be looking at Glentoran in the Danske Bank Premiership – a club with a long and pride history but is a bit behind the record holder Linfield in terms of most titles won.
Here's the definite FM 2020 Glentoran team guide, giving you an insight to the clubs transfer budget, club vision and training facilities. We hope you enjoy it.
For more team guides by me, browse here.
Club Information:
Stadium: The Oval
Transfer Budget: £0
Wage Budget: £9,523 p/w (Currently spending £9,298 p/w)
Corporate Facilities: Good
Training Facilities: Basic
Data Facilities: Poor
Youth Facilities: Basic
Youth Level: –
Junior Coaching: Adequate
Youth Recruitment: Good
Glentoran in recent years have taken a back seat in the Danske Bank Premiership as Linfield have dominated domestically. Having won the top division title 23 times, they are no strangers to winning things. Having last won the league in 08/09 season, the club has struggled both on and off the pitch. Having almost gone out of business in 2011 the club has recently been taken over in May 2019 with their sights firmly set on catching, and overtaking, Linfield as the dominant team in Northern Ireland.
The club wants to develop a youthful squad to start its rebuilding program to get back to the top of Northern Irish football. Signing under 23 players will put you in good stead with the Chairman.
The club's initial goal is to finish in the top half of the league while staying within the stated wage budget. Cup competitions aren't seen as important so try and keep your best team fit and ready for the league.
The club is looking to build year on year and you'll have to keep improving if you want to keep your job. With qualification to the Europa League within 3 years the target. Stagnating is not an option.
Hrojve Plum is seen as the best player in the squad. The defensive heart of midfield, the Croatian will be the midfield general disrupting opposition play and allowing the more attacking players to go forward.
Fringe Player
Robbie McDaid will be looking to push on from his first 2 seasons with the club. Improving his goalscoring in his second season, Robbie will need to keep up his performances and carry on improving as there are plenty of other strikers in the squad itching to have a chance to prove themselves.
Potential Star
Thomas Byrne has been bouncing around clubs since his release from Brighton as a youngster. Having shown potential from a young age he has yet to settle with a club with Glentoran being his 6th club in 5 years. If Thomas settles quickly there is no doubt he could be a creative force on the wing.
Glentoran are a big club that have fallen on hard times. With some hard work and shrewd transfer business there is no reason why they cannot push Linfield at the top of the division and make it into Europe.
Club Recommendations Football Manager 2020 Club Culture and DNA Club Guide FM2020 Football Manager Team Guides Team recommendations
Written by cplatts85
Been playing CM/FM since 93. My parents and wife call me sad, my friends wonder why I do not go out all the time, but my fans love it when come back home with the trophies year after year.
Website: http://www.chrisplatts.com
Auxerre | Football Manager 2020 Team Guide
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8-й выпуск  Гран-при Наций — шоссейной однодневной велогонки в формате индивидуальной раздельной гонки, проводившейся во Франции. Гонка протяжённостью 116 километров состоялась 14 сентября 1941 года на территории оккупированной зоны. Победу, второй раз в карьере, одержал французский велогонщик Луи Эмар.

Результаты

Ссылки
 Гран-при Наций 1941 на FirstCycling

1941 год в велоспорте
Спорт во Франции в 1941 году
Сентябрь 1941 года


Dr Jart BB Cream: I did an entire review on this and I am still really enjoying it as I am too tanned for any of my foundation still. It is so just covering yet contains lots of skincare benefits too!
Bioderma Sebium h20: I just did a post of this but I have used this every single day of the month so it is definitely a firm favourite of mine this month and probably many months to come.
Garnier Summer Body: Yes I smell like a malted milk when I use this but it gives me a really nice colour and it is keeping me lovely and tanned.
Topshop Cream Blushes: I have two of these now and I have used them so much they are just so pretty and packaging is beautiful!
Balmi Lip balm: I picked this up on a bit of whim after seeing lots of reviews and I love it! Its probably the most moisturising balm I have used in a while and its really convient when on the go.
Origins Super Spot Remover: Basically this a wonder product I don't know how it does it but its seriously helping my skin.
MAC Quad: Not a favourite because of the eyeshadows just a favourite because its finally full!


Healthy, tasty and low in carbs – this recipe is truly something that you must try. Creamy sauce makes this oven dish so juicy and incredible mouthwatering.
This recipe makes 4 servings, and it takes about 35 minutes to be done. Preparation is quite simple.
At first clean zucchini and leeks and cut into slices or rings. Finely dice onion and garlic.
Then heat 2 tbsp. of oil in a frying pan and brown the fillets all around. Season with salt, pepper and lemon juice and put into a baking dish.
Heat the rest of the oil in the frying pan and simmer onion and garlic. Add the remaining vegetables and sauté for a short time. Season with salt and pepper and add to the meat.
Rub the cheese. Mix the cream and the mustard with a pinch of salt, pepper and chili. Pour the sauce over the ingredients in the baking dish and sprinkle with cheese.
Bake in the preheated oven at 200 degrees C (390 degrees F) for 20 to 25 minutes. Garnish with parsley before serving. Enjoy!
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Is there going to be another mass extinction
REGINALD STANISLAUS MATILYA
THIS week the residents of Kagera Region where caught by surprise when a bright whistling object passed through the sky, Tuesday night for about five minutes the object travelled on the sky sending people into fear of the end of time.
Many theories may driven out of the event but through the Almighty God's merciful hands the life of people in this region and neighboring Lake zone regions of Mara and Mwanza the impact of the asteroid attack was controlled by nature and there is no report of loss of properties or life in that spectacular event of its own kind.
Scientists describe a meteorite as a solid piece of debris from an object, such as a comet, asteroid, or meteoroid, and this object must originates from outer space and survives its passage through the atmosphere to reach the surface of a planet or moon.
This is the last stage in the existence of these type of space rocks because they originate from meteors which turn into meteoroids before broken into smaller parts, you may say these are lumps of rock or metal that orbit the Sun but in other way meteoroids become meteors when they crash into Earth's atmosphere and the gases surrounding them always light up to form an image which looks like a shooting star.
Scientist say when the object enters the atmosphere of the Earth, various factors such as friction, pressure, and chemical interactions with the atmospheric gases cause it to heat up and radiate that energy. It then becomes a meteor and forms a fireball, meanwhile most of the time dust-sized particles called micrometeorites make up 99 percent of the approximately 50 tons of space debris that falls on the Earth's surface every day at the same time some meteorites, however, are as large as boulders.
More than 60,000 meteorites have been found on Earth and scientists have divided these meteorites into three main types: stony, iron, and stony-iron and each of these types are found in many sub-groups.
Due to the light which was produced by the fast moving object, from the shores of Lake Victoria to Kamachumu and Mutukula on Tuesday everybody was afraid of the end of the world when almost all living creatures would be pushed into extinction. In biology, extinction is the termination of an organism or of a group of organisms and normally species.
Fossils records show that from the beginning of the world about 4.5 billion years ago, the planet Earth has witnessed about five mass extinction events. Between 450 and 440 million years ago more than 70 percent of all marine creatures that used to live here were wiped out by changes of sea level and climate changes.
Later about 375 and 360 million years in an event which lasted for about 20 million years about 85 percent of the remaining marine animals in the world were pushed into extinction by deteriorating sea levels and quality of water due to changes in temperature in the ancient world.
As if that was not enough the world was trapped into another extinction event which killed more than about 96 percent of all marine species and an estimated 70 percent of land species including insects and mammal like reptiles which used to dominate this planet.
To open door for more modern creatures nature continue to shape the world, about 201.3 million years ago this planet passed a condition which killed a big number of terrestrial animals which dwelt on the ancient world. These factors included changes of weather, rise and fall of sea levels and poor quality of water due to volcanic activities which polluted all major water bodies.
As a result of the intensity of the event, about 23 percent of all families, 48 percent of all genera of which 20 percent of marine families and 55 percent of marine genera and between 70 percent and 75 percent of all species were pushed into extinction. Most of these were giant amphibians creatures which dominated the world.
This massive extinction event was very painful on one side but on another hand it opened the whole world to dinosaurs that evolved from about 234 million years ago. While ancestors of crocodiles evolved more than 236 million years ago.
Some paleontologists say dinosaurs evolved on Earth more than 243 million years ago and managed to conquer rainforest and the savannah when a mass extinction killed other creatures about 201 million years ago. Meanwhile scientific researches indicate the southern part of Tanzania attracted dinosaurs from different parts of the world including Asilisaurus which evolved more than 244 million years ago.
Paleontologists say the ancient world floated between a single mega sea whereby Gondwana was a part of Pangaea a super continent which enabled dinosaurs to migrate from one part to a distant located area searching for pasture and rich hunting ground. About 175 million years ago, Pangaea the super continental started to breakup and triggered the beginning of the end of these mega fauna of the ancient world.
In what is known among scientists as continental drift, an ancient sea called Panthalassa which surrounded Pangaea was divided into two parts to form the modern Pacific Ocean. Paleontologists say the process of continental drift takes very long time, this means before a total breakup Pangaea passed through three different stages.
The first stage involved the emerging of Gondwana which started more than 570 million years ago. Second stage is when Gondwana became part of Pangaea for not less than 300 million years before crushing it and became a super continent from about 180 million years ago. The creation of Gondwana started the long process of taking dinosaurs out of the world to allow evolution of other creatures including ancestors of modern mammals.
Scientists say about 175 million years ago volcanic activities on the Earth's crust crushed Gondwana to form the modern continents. This means that the seven new continents came with different water bodies which blocked migration of dinosaurs from one part to another in a new and small environment.
The continental drift which happened about 175 million years ago forced some to stay in one place, others were hunted to extinction but most dinosaurs lost grazing and nestling ground. Scientists say volcanic eruptions and asteroid attacks killed all dinosaurs on the Earth's surface about 66 million years ago and opened doors for humans and other mammals to rule the world.
On the other hand what happened in Kagera this week was not a strange event and it won't be the last meteorite to strike the Earth. Fossils records dated about 100 million years ago indicates that the Earth came under Asteroids attacks from the Solar system which influenced geological and metrological changes on the ground and sky.
At that time the world was cooler and dry but due to these attacks the climate became warm and humid worldwide with subtropical vegetation growing in the northern hemisphere. The Earth's poles became cool and temperate, scientists say it was during this time when many species of plants, birds and animals were forcefully pushed into extinction while some changed their morphology and adapted new behaviors so that they could cope in a new environment.
At the time of the havoc because of different morphological weaknesses, almost all member of an Afrotheria family called Orycteropodidae were killed just like many prehistoric species. The catastrophe left behind an Aardvark as their sole representative in the list of mammals which dwell in the savannah of Africa today.
Based on fossils records history shows the first Aardvark appeared in a supercontinent which was called Gondwanaland on an area which is modern day Madagascar. Scientists say the grandparents of this unique mammal appeared in a geological period called Paleocene which happened about 66 to 56 million years ago.
To survive through a fast changing environment, the ancestors of the modern aardvark had to go through habitual and morphological changes, to cope with these changes, the body of ancestors of modern day aardvark had to go through convergent evolution process which enabled the mammal to adapt rabbit like long ears capable to peak sound of an approaching enemy quickly.
Dinosaurs failed to transform and adapt to new and flexible morphology which could help them survive while ancestors of aardvark were able to change and continue to live in a world which was changing very fast. What is going to happen when the world is going to pass through another situation which may risk human's life and civilizations that is causing pollution.
Kagera prepare for ATCL cargo flights
THE business community in Kagera Region will be ...
tags : Features
Author: REGINALD STANISLAUS MATILYA
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Orange County girls athlete of the week:…
Orange County girls athlete of the week: Isabella D'Aquila, JSerra
Serra senior soccer player Isabella D?Aquila is the Orange County girls athlete of the week for Feb. 25, 2019. (Photo by Dan Albano, Orange County Register/SCNG)
By Dan Albano | dalbano@scng.com | Orange County Register
PUBLISHED: February 25, 2019 at 10:38 a.m. | UPDATED: February 25, 2019 at 4:17 p.m.
The Orange County girls athlete of the week:
Name: Isabella D'Aquila
School: JSerra
Sport: Soccer
Year: Senior
Noteworthy: The Santa Clara-bound forward scored her 34th goal of the season – and 135th of her four-year career – to help the top-seeded Lions capture their third consecutive CIF-SS Division 1 title with a 3-0 victory against No. 2 Los Alamitos in the final. "Isabella ended her season and career as she started them: scoring goals," JSerra coach Greg Baker said of the reigning Gatorade national player of the year. "She has been a pleasure to coach and I'm very proud to have worked with her these past six years."
Please send nominees for girls athlete of the week to Dan Albano at dalbano@scng.com or @ocvarsityguy on Twitter
Dan Albano
OCVarsity
OCVarsity athletes of the week
OCVarsity girls soccer
Dan Albano | High School sports reporter
Dan Albano has been a high school sports writer at The Orange County Register since 1993. He specializes in football and all the aquatics but covers many different sports. Dan's passion for water sports has earned him the nickname, Aqua Dan, in the newsroom and taken him to multiple U.S. Olympic Swim Trials and many USA water polo events as a reporter. He also writes about high school football recruiting, including The Register's annual FAB 15 teams that list the top high school football players in the Western U.S. before National Signing Day. He compiles the Hot 150 list of football players to watch in Orange County before each season. During football season, he partners with Steve Fryer and Jonathan Khamis on OCVarsity's Gridiron Show and hosts a weekly podcast on Trinity League football. In 2015, Dan received the Bud Dwyer Jr. media award from the Southern California High School Football Coaches Association. He was honored as a Jim Staunton Champion for Character by the CIF-Southern Section in 2017. Dan is a graduate of Cal State Fullerton, where he worked at The Daily Titan as a news reporter, sports reporter, managing editor and opinion editor.
dalbano@scng.com
Follow Dan Albano	@ocvarsityguy
Orange County boys basketball top 25, Jan. 18
Orange County girls basketball standings: Saturday, Jan. 15
Orange County boys basketball standings: Saturday, Jan. 15
Fountain Valley wrestlers Justin Rodriguez, Zach Parker earn first-place finishes at Five Counties Invitational


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Intelligent Robotics Group (IRG) is a division of the Ames Research Center at Moffett Federal Airfield in California's Silicon Valley.

Description
The 2009 Director of the Intelligent Robotics Group Terry Fong stated in an interview that

See also
 Artificial intelligence
 Programming
 History of robots

References

External links
   gigapan of the IRG By:Rich Gibson (Rich) on October 29, 2008 (system developed by Carnegie Mellon University)  interactive internal view of  laboratory at IRG  retrieved 19:47(GMT) (in situ)24.10.2011
 Kristen Stubbs and Illah Nourbakhsh   "An Analysis of the Intelligent Robotics Group's Experience with the Mars Exploration Rover Mission,"    BibTeX Reference : @techreport { CMU-RI-TR-04-45  Stubbs_2004_4777 (September "2004")   Abstract:  IRG at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, PA) aiding mission  processes for Mars exploration

Robotics organizations
History of artificial intelligence
Ames Research Center


As Team Obama scales up the Imperial adventure, expanding east through the Greater Middle East, we should pause for a moment to reflect — to consider what we are doing, and why. We failed to do so when invading Afghanistan and Iraq, and 8 years later we have little to show for the expenditure of so much blood and money. In this essay by Tom Engelhardt provides a different perspective on these events from that in the mainstream media. At the end are links for more information about our wars.
Note: Among the emails deserving your highest attention are those announcing a new TomGram. If you don't receive those, instead relying on rags like the New York Times, you can upgrade your information sources by going to TomDispatch and completing the "Sign Me Up Today" box.
By Tom Engelhardt, TomDispatch, 29 March 2009 — This excerpt is reposted here with his permission.
And isn't he right? After all, the U.S. seems to be in the process of trading in a limited war in a mountainous, poverty-stricken country of 27 million people for one in an advanced nation of 167 million, with a crumbling economy, rising extremism, advancing corruption, and a large military armed with nuclear weapons. Worse yet, the war in Pakistan seems to be expanding inexorably (and in tandem with American war planning) from the tribal borderlands ever closer to the heart of the country.
For the last two weeks, news has been filtering out of Washington of an accompanying civilian "surge" into Afghanistan ("Obama's Afghanistan 'surge': diplomats, civilian specialists"). Oh, and then there's to be that opium-eradication surge and a range of other so-called surges. As the headlines have had it: "1,400 Isle Marines to join Afghanistan surge," "U.S. troop surge to aid Afghan police trainers," "Seabees build to house surge," "Afghan Plan Detailed As Iraq Surge 'Lite,'" and so on.
It seems to matter little that even General Petraeus wonders whether the word should be applied. ("The commander of the U.S. Central Command said Friday that an Iraq-style surge cannot be a solution to the problems in Afghanistan.") There are, however, other analogies that might better capture the scope and nature of the new strategic plan for the Af-Pak War. Think bailout. Think A.I.G.
In a recent "60 Minutes" interview (though not in his Friday announcement), the president also emphasized the need for an "exit strategy" from the war. Similarly, American commander in Afghanistan, General David McKiernan, has been speaking of a possible "tipping point," three to five years away, that might lead to "eventual departure." Nonetheless, almost every element of the new plan — both those the president mentioned Friday and the no-less-crucial ones that didn't receive a nod — seem to involve the word "more"; that is, more U.S. troops, more U.S. diplomats, more civilian advisors, more American and NATO military advisors to train more Afghan troops and police, more base and outpost building, more opium-eradication operations, more aid, more money to the Pakistani military — and strikingly large-scale as that may be, all of that doesn't even include the "covert war," fought mainly via unmanned aerial vehicles, along the Pakistani tribal borderlands, which is clearly going to intensify.
In the coming year, that CIA-run drone war, according to leaked reports, may be expanded from the tribal areas into Pakistan's more heavily populated Baluchistan province where some of the Taliban leadership is supposedly holed up. In addition, so reports in British papers claim, the U.S. is seriously considering a soft coup-in-place against Afghan President Hamid Karzai. Disillusioned with the widespread corruption in, and inefficiency of, his government, the U.S. would create a new "chief executive" or prime ministerial post not in the Afghan constitution — and then install some reputedly less corrupt (and perhaps more malleable) figure. Karzai would supposedly be turned into a figurehead "father of the nation." Envoy Holbrooke has officially denied that Washington is planning any such thing, while a spokesman for Karzai denounced the idea (both, of course, just feeding the flames of the Afghan rumor mill).
Despite that mention of the need for an exit strategy and a presidential assurance that both the Afghan and Pakistani governments will be held to Iraqi-style "benchmarks" of accountability in the period to come, Obama's is clearly a jump-in-with-both-feet strategy and, not surprisingly, is sure to involve a massive infusion of new funds. Unlike with A.I.G., where the financial inputs of the U.S. government are at least announced, we don't even have a ballpark figure for how much is actually involved right now, but it's bound to be staggering. Just supporting those 17,000 new American troops already ordered into Afghanistan, many destined to be dispatched to still-to-be-built bases and outposts in the embattled southern and eastern parts of the country for which all materials must be trucked in, will certainly cost billions.
… Put all this together and you can see why the tactical word "surge" hardly covers what's about to happen. The administration's "new" strategy and its "new" thinking — including its urge to peel off less committed Taliban supporters and reach out for help to regional powers — should really be re-imagined as but another massive attempted bailout, this time of an Afghan project, now almost 40 years old, that in foreign policy terms is indeed our A.I.G.
As Obama's economic team overseeing the various financial bailouts is made up of figures long cozy with Wall Street, so his foreign policy team is made up of figures deeply entrenched in Washington's national security state — former Clintonistas (including the penultimate Clinton herself), military figures like National Security Adviser General James Jones, and that refugee from the H.W. Bush era, Defense Secretary Robert Gates. They are classic custodians of empire. Like the economic team, they represent the ancien régime.
… The foreign policy team is no more likely to exhibit genuinely outside-the-box thinking than the team of Tim Geithner and Larry Summers has been. Their clear and desperate urge is to operate in the known zone, the one in which the U.S. is always imagined to be part of the solution to any problem on the planet, never part of the problem itself.
… Face it, we've entered a new universe. The "homeland" is in turmoil, the planetary frontiers are aboil. Change — even change we don't want to believe in — is in the air.
In the end, as with the Obama economic team, so the foreign policy team may be pushed in new directions sooner than anyone imagines and, willy-nilly, into some genuinely new thinking about a collapsing world. But not now. Not yet. Like our present financial bailouts, like that extra $30 billion that went into A.I.G. recently, the new Obama plan is superannuated on arrival. It represents graveyard thinking.
Tom Engelhardt, co-founder of the American Empire Project, runs the Nation Institute's TomDispatch.com. He is the author of The End of Victory Culture, a history of the Cold War and beyond. He also edited The World According to TomDispatch: America in the New Age of Empire (Verso, 2008), an alternative history of the mad Bush years.


Start & finish point: Trellech Chapel SO500052 Free parking or alternatively at Babbington Village Hall next to the Lion Pub in Trellech.
Description: A fascinating walk around the village of Trellech including a visit to the Harold Stones, ancient ironworks, and a current archaeological dig taking place nearby. The walk will also go through beautiful countryside and have sweeping views over the county.
After the walk take a well earned rest in the Babbington Centre and enjoy an unlimited supply of tea and a homemade Danish pastry made by a local lady renowned for her cooking and baking skills using organic flour and butter. What more can you ask?


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Latest / Blog•Jun 28, 2017
One Month In – Advocating for Clean Energy Policies in Connecticut
In this blog post, Acadia Center's new Policy Advocate in Connecticut, Kerry Schlichting, shares her experience one month into her tenure at the organization.
Kerry Schlichting
I recently joined the Hartford team in late May, after eight years in Washington, D.C., working on energy policy issues with a national perspective, and was eager to apply my experience to challenges at both the federal and state level. As a new staff member, my experience over the past month in Connecticut's exciting and fast-paced environment has shown me the depth and breadth of Acadia Center's work and how much is possible in the state and regionally. With just over two weeks left in Connecticut's legislative session, Acadia Center's Hartford-based team made a final push for policies protecting and promoting the state's clean energy goals while also fighting a proposal to divert funds from the state's crucial energy efficiency programs. Meanwhile on the national stage, the decision to leave the Paris Climate Accord was announced, with lasting implications for climate and economy locally, regionally, and globally.
On just my second day, we organized a sign-on letter opposing proposed budget raids of ratepayer funds for energy efficiency and clean energy programs to send to CT officials. Over 70 signees—representing business, community, consumer, low-income, public health, environmental, and clean energy interests—came together against the harmful impacts that would flow from proposed raids on ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs. The letter opposes two budget proposals, one made by Senate Republicans that would raid ratepayer-funded energy efficiency programs and another made by the Senate and House Democrats that would sweep ratepayer-derived revenues from the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. These programs generate immense economic value for the state, from billions of dollars in electricity and natural gas bill savings to helping low-income families reduce the difficult burden of high energy costs, while also protecting the health and prosperity of our local communities. Budget negotiations are ongoing through the end of this month, and we continue to respond to changing proposals that threaten these important programs.
My second week saw the next major challenge as we learned of the threatened withdrawal of the Trump Administration from the Paris Climate Agreement. By pulling out of the Paris Agreement, the Trump Administration weakens our country's position as an energy leader. This action also undermines progress being made globally, as well as at the national and state level, to address the growing harms of carbon pollution. The announcement by the White House underscores how much more important state leadership will be in advancing a clean energy future. The day of the White House's announcement, representing Acadia Center, I spoke at U.S. Senator Richard Blumenthal's press conference to decry this shortsighted decision that risks our country's global climate leadership and hurts our economic interests around clean energy.
Yet, this moment also offers states and regions an opportunity to aim high and lead the transition to a clean energy future. During my third week, Acadia Center joined other advocates to thank Governor Malloy for committing Connecticut to the Paris Agreement's climate pollution goals and to pursue policies that will help achieve those goals, as well as for being a leader in the new U.S Climate Alliance, a bipartisan commitment by governors throughout the country to commit to reducing climate pollution. A recent analysis by Acadia Center, EnergyVision 2030, shows that Northeast states can be on the path to a low-carbon future by the year 2030 if they commit to and embrace clean energy technologies. With further strategic action and expanding adoption of modern, market-ready technologies, Northeast states can reduce climate pollution emissions 45% by 2030: a target needed to put the region on the path to meet scientifically directed emission reductions of 80% by 2050.
With a special legislative session called to address the state budget, Acadia Center's Connecticut team continues to advance policies that benefit consumers and the environment. To reduce the state's greenhouse gas emissions as well as to accelerate the growth of our clean energy economy, creating new jobs and state revenue, the state needs policies that support our award-winning energy efficiency programs. Additionally, we need policies that make us competitive with our neighboring states in pursing clean energy resources. This includes strengthening the state's commitment to renewable energy procurement and encouraging electrification of the transportation sector and increased deployment of electric vehicles.
Both federal and state policies can affect the state's clean energy economy, and it is from that perspective that I look forward to the many opportunities and challenges that lie ahead. My experiences this past month have made me look forward even more to being part of a team advancing the clean energy future through fact-based, solutions-oriented advocacy and collaboration.
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Thyroid Disorders: Living with Thyroidectomy, Lab tests, DR?
Living with Thyroidectomy, Lab tests, DR?
I just joined the forum, and sorry for starting a thread before looking around first, I know I may get the third degree, sorry but I wanted to hear some expert advise, current stuff.
I am a 31 year old man, and at age 7, I had my thyroid removed for a benign tumor on it. Every since then, until about three years ago, I was just floating along letting the doctors take care of things. Three years ago, my mother got me a book at the library and told me to read it, "The Thyroid Solution" by Ridha Arem, though it was more geared towards women, I was blown away by how much I didn't know and should. But I'm still a little cloudy on a few things and was hoping to gain some insight to others opinions.
I have been seeing a general practice doctor for about ten years, and thought that he was doing a great job until educating myself on the thyroid gland. Over the last three years, he has me come in every six months and have my lab work done to see where my tsh and free t4 levels are, he never does free t3 levels. After getting the lab results, my tsh will show hypo, and he will raise my medicine. Then I come in after six months, feeling like crap, and my tsh shows that I'm hyper, and he will lower my medicine. Its been an up and down roller coaster ride for the three years I been keeping up with my lab results.
Here lately I feel like crap, I would love to know just where my numbers need to be to feel optimal but I've not been given the chance from this doctor, so I don't have a clue where my tsh and ft4 or ft3 levels should be. I am so tired and because of that, I feel irritable, and I am snapping at people, something I rarely ever do, and I'm scared Im going to lose my job.
I suspect my thyroid medicine is not where it should be, I think my thyroid situation is why I feel so bad lately. Im getting plenty of rest, I eat healthy, am very active, and I feel like crap.
Anyway, I have been taking synthyroid since 1989 and up until 2007, and because of my insurance i am on levothyroxine. I have been taking .150mcg and .175mcg when my doctor recommends every six months. He doesn't like me doing it but I insist on having lab work done within every three months. Last I went was in Sept 2012 and my TSH was .259, FT4 1.2, and my doctor put me on .150mcg from .175mcg. Then the next month, TSH:1.617, FT4:1.2. I went four months before having lab done again and the results where, TSH:2.69, FT4:1.2, and the doctor recommended staying on the .150mcg.
I should say three days ago I felt terrible but I went and hopefully fixed the problem, I had another prescription left of .175mcg, and have been taking them for the last three days, and I am slowly begining to feel a little better.
A few questions, what test should I require my doctor take, should I find a doctor that will listen to how I feel and not just keep numbers between lab ranges, how ofter should I have my thyroid lab work done, every 3 months or 6? Im still learning all that I can about the thyroid gland and the means to making thyroid suffers feel better but I'm still a little confused.
Re: Living with Thyroidectomy, Lab tests, DR?
you need to share lab ranges to allow the best input from others - the numbers in absolute fashion vary. Also I would argue it matters more how you feel that necessary what the labs say - you could be at one level where I could need something very different. I am on synthroid so don't know the equivalent dosages but sometime you need to advocate for just the right tweak before it works - my mother ended up on on 118 one day, 125 the next (also synthroid) to get to the right place - which was partially labs and partially how she felt.
Last edited by bigguy2211; 03-04-2013 at 03:22 PM.


Handmade in Pennsylvania, this large serving plate pops with color. Perfect for making a statement either as an ornament, or in use at a dinner party with your nearest and dearest.
Created with love by Liz Kinder, this plate is microwave, oven, and dishwasher safe. Each product is handcrafted, so may vary slightly.


text:
Home/ All Categories/American Simpson calls on IAAF to clean up doping
American Simpson calls on IAAF to clean up doping
Jibola August 21, 2015
American middle distance runner Jenny Simpson is convinced a tough anti-doping regime helped her win the 1,500m world title in 2011 but that drug cheats prevented her from even reaching the final at the London Olympics a year later.
On the eve of the start of the IAAF's biennial world championship showpiece in Beijing, the 28-year-old called on the governing body of world athletics to bolster efforts to rid the sport of the problem.
Outgoing IAAF President Lamine Diack admitted on Thursday that his sport was in crisis after spending a month defending its record on doping in the wake of embarrassing leaks of test data to two media organizations.
Simpson is in China to try and win back the title she claimed as a surprise winner of the 1,500m in the South Korean city of Daegu in 2011.
"I remember arriving in Daegu and every athlete being drug tested and I remember being really excited to see that development in our sport," she told the U.S. team news conference on Friday.
"Deep in my heart, I believe that's why I was successful in 2011."
Diack remains convinced that 99 percent of athletes are clean but that was not close to being the case in the women's 1,500m final at the London Olympics.
Of the 10 women who finished the race, three have since had their results quashed for doping offences.
Turkey's Asli Cakir-Alptekin was stripped of the gold medal and banned for eight years only last week because of abnormalities in blood samples she provided.
"Moving onto 2012," Simpson added. "I believe what we're seeing now is a demonstration of a really unfortunate thing where people in the final kept clean athletes like myself from advancing to the final."
"Those sorts of situations are really unfortunate to see in our sport," she added.
"But my job today as an athlete is to train and to be prepared to the best of my ability and I certainly support and encourage the governing bodies that in charge of regulating athletes to really step it up and help catch people.
"So I am here to race and to beat everyone on the track and to encourage the effort to really clean things up."
China expels brother of former senior official
Felix's 400m race will not determine her Olympic plans


If someone had told me before coming to Boston that I would find a Girl I love, publish a paper in the Nature journal series, and return to Europe calling another place my home I would have been surprised by so much optimism. Now all of that has become true and I enjoyed my last 2 years in the US. Bye bye, Boston. You have treated me very well. I will be back, I promise.


The University of Colorado Board of Regents voted to fire Ward Churchill, whose remarks about the victims of the Sept. 11 attacks led to a national debate on free speech.
BOULDER, Colo., July 24 — After more than two years of public tumult, the University of Colorado Board of Regents voted Tuesday to fire a professor whose remarks about the victims of the Sept. 11 attacks led to a national debate on free speech. But it was the professor's problems with scholarship that the board cited as the cause for his termination.
The professor, Ward L. Churchill, was dismissed on the ground that he had committed academic misconduct by plagiarizing and falsifying parts of his scholarly research.
The board voted 8 to 1 to dismiss Professor Churchill.
At a news conference after the decision, Professor Churchill, who cut a dramatic figure with his mane of gray-black hair, towering frame and dark sunglasses, criticized the process by which he was fired.
Professor Churchill, a tenured faculty member at Colorado since 1991 who became chairman of the department of ethnic studies, caused an uproar when he criticized United States foreign policy in a 2001 essay written shortly after the Sept. 11 attacks, characterizing some of the office workers killed in the World Trade Center as "little Eichmanns," a reference to the Nazi Adolf Eichmann, who helped carry out the Holocaust.
Police officers guarded the entrance to the University Memorial Center, where the board met, and people filtered in through metal detectors. A university spokesman, Ken McConnellogue, said the board had received an anonymous death threat via e-mail this month.
Outside the center, more than 50 people, flanked by journalists, rallied in support of Professor Churchill. Among them was a former leader of the American Indian Movement, Russell Means, who said that he understood "the dangers of totalitarianism" and that he had rushed to Boulder to support his old friend.
University officials said it was Professor Churchill's academic impropriety, nothing more, that was at stake. After the initial fallout over his essay, which came to light in 2005, the university determined that Professor Churchill's statements indeed constituted free speech. But accusations that he had plagiarized other scholars and fabricated parts of his research began to emerge.
It was on this basis, not Professor Churchill's criticism of American foreign policy, Mr. McConnellogue said, that the university began a faculty investigation into his work.
In May 2006, a faculty committee found that Professor Churchill's research, which focused on persecution of American Indians, was seriously flawed. Among suspected inaccuracies and fabrications confirmed by the panel, it charged that Professor Churchill had misrepresented sources to support his argument that Capt. John Smith intentionally introduced smallpox to the Wampanoag Indians in the 17th century.
Colorado's interim chancellor at the time, Phil DiStefano, subsequently recommended that Professor Churchill be fired, and he was placed on paid administrative leave.
In June 2006, Professor Churchill filed an appeal with the university's Privilege and Tenure Committee, three of whose members recommended that he be suspended without pay for a year and demoted to assistant professor, while two others thought he should be fired. Soon after, Mr. Brown, the president, recommended that the board dismiss Professor Churchill.
Throughout the controversy, Professor Churchill and his lawyer, David Lane, maintained that the professor's comments about Sept. 11 were the true driving force behind the investigation and that his fate had been sealed since.
Mr. Lane said he would file a lawsuit on Wednesday in State District Court in Denver, saying the university had violated Professor Churchill's First Amendment rights by using his political views to fire him.


Then we have Guy Cohen who is a native Israeli, a sabra, who leads our ministry in the north. He was raised an Orthodox Jew in Acco and he leads the Acco congregation connected to Ohalei Rachamim (Tents of Mercy). It's called Katzir Asher (Harvest of Asher). Guy is seeking to expand his facility with a youth center - and he needs a lot more money than 60,000 dollars to buy that space and finish it out.
Plus, we have smaller projects in the north like media that Leon Mazin does up in Haifa to reach Russian Jews.


text:
(Redirected from General Assembly of the United Nations)
The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; French: Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), the only one in which all member nations have equal representation, and the main deliberative, policy-making, and representative organ of the UN. Its powers are to oversee the budget of the UN, appoint the non-permanent members to the Security Council, appoint the Secretary-General of the United Nations, receive reports from other parts of the UN, and make recommendations in the form of General Assembly Resolutions.[1] It has also established numerous subsidiary organs.[2]
United Nations (UN) General Assembly hall at the UN Headquarters, New York City
Principal organ
Tijjani Muhammad-Bande (President)
un.org/ga
Membership and participation
For two articles dealing with membership of and participation in the General Assembly, see:
General Assembly members
General Assembly observers
The General Assembly currently meets under its president or secretary-general in annual sessions at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York City, the main part of which lasts from September[3] to December and part of January until all issues are addressed (which often is just before the next session's start). It can also reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. Its composition, functions, powers, voting, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations.
Voting in the General Assembly on certain important questions, namely, recommendations on peace and security, budgetary concerns, and the election, admission, suspension or expulsion of members is by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. Other questions are decided by a straightforward majority. Each member country has one vote. Apart from approval of budgetary matters, including adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security under Security Council consideration.[4] The one state, one vote power structure potentially allows states comprising just five percent of the world population to pass a resolution by a two-thirds vote.[5][original research?]
During the 1980s, the Assembly became a forum for the "North-South dialogue:" the discussion of issues between industrialized nations and developing countries. These issues came to the fore because of the phenomenal growth and changing makeup of the UN membership. In 1945, the UN had 51 members. It now has 193, of which more than two-thirds are developing countries. Because of their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly (using coordinating groups like the G77), the character of its debates, and the nature of its decisions. For many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal outlet for their foreign relations initiatives.
Although the resolutions passed by the General Assembly do not have the binding forces over the member nations (apart from budgetary measures), pursuant to its Uniting for Peace resolution of November 1950 (resolution 377 (V)), the Assembly may also take action if the Security Council fails to act, owing to the negative vote of a permanent member, in a case where there appears to be a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. The Assembly can consider the matter immediately with a view to making recommendations to Members for collective measures to maintain or restore international peace and security.[4]
3 Agenda
4 Resolutions
4.1 Resolution numbering scheme
5 Budget
6 Elections
6.1 Regional groups
7.1 Regular sessions
7.1.1 General debate
7.2 Special sessions
7.3 Emergency special sessions
8 Subsidiary organs
8.1 Committees
8.1.1 Main committees
8.1.2 Other committees
8.2 Commissions
8.3 Boards
8.3.1 Executive Boards
8.3.2 Boards
8.4 Councils and panels
8.5 Working Groups and other
9 Seating
10 Reform and UNPA
11 Sidelines of the General Assembly
Methodist Central Hall, London, the location of the first meeting of the United Nations General Assembly in 1946.[6]
The first session of the UN General Assembly was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of 51 nations. The next few annual sessions were held in different cities: the second session in New York City, and the third in Paris. It moved to the permanent Headquarters of the United Nations in New York City at the start of its seventh regular annual session, on 14 October 1952. In December 1988, in order to hear Yasser Arafat, the General Assembly organized its 29th session in the Palace of Nations, in Geneva, Switzerland.[7]
MembershipEdit
Main article: Member states of the United Nations
All 193 members of the United Nations are members of the General Assembly, with the addition of Holy See and Palestine as observer states. Further, the United Nations General Assembly may grant observer status to an international organization or entity, which entitles the entity to participate in the work of the United Nations General Assembly, though with limitations.
AgendaEdit
The agenda for each session is planned up to seven months in advance and begins with the release of a preliminary list of items to be included in the provisional agenda.[8] This is refined into a provisional agenda 60 days before the opening of the session. After the session begins, the final agenda is adopted in a plenary meeting which allocates the work to the various Main Committees, who later submit reports back to the Assembly for adoption by consensus or by vote.
Items on the agenda are numbered. Regular plenary sessions of the General Assembly in recent years have initially been scheduled to be held over the course of just three months; however, additional work loads have extended these sessions until just short of the next session. The routinely scheduled portions of the sessions normally commence on "the Tuesday of the third week in September, counting from the first week that contains at least one working day", per the UN Rules of Procedure.[9] The last two of these Regular sessions were routinely scheduled to recess exactly three months afterwards[10] in early December, but were resumed in January and extended until just before the beginning of the following sessions.[11]
ResolutionsEdit
Find sources: "United Nations General Assembly" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
See also: United Nations General Assembly resolution and United Nations Document Codes
Russian President Dmitry Medvedev addresses the 64th session of the UN General Assembly on 24 September 2009
The General Assembly votes on many resolutions brought forth by sponsoring states. These are generally statements symbolizing the sense of the international community about an array of world issues. Most General Assembly resolutions are not enforceable as a legal or practical matter, because the General Assembly lacks enforcement powers with respect to most issues. The General Assembly has authority to make final decisions in some areas such as the United Nations budget.[12]
General Assembly Resolutions are generally non-binding on member states, but carry considerable political weight, and are legally binding towards the operations of the General Assembly. The General Assembly can also refer an issue to the Security Council to put in place a binding resolution.[13]
Resolution numbering schemeEdit
From the First to the Thirtieth General Assembly sessions, all General Assembly resolutions were numbered consecutively, with the resolution number followed by the session number in Roman numbers (for example, Resolution 1514 (XV), which was the 1514th numbered resolution adopted by the Assembly, and was adopted at the Fifteenth Regular Session (1960)). Beginning in the Thirty-First Session, resolutions are numbered by individual session (for example Resolution 41/10 represents the 10th resolution adopted at the Forty-First Session).
BudgetEdit
The General Assembly also approves the budget of the United Nations and decides how much money each member state must pay to run the organization.[5]
The Charter of the United Nations gives responsibility for approving the budget to the General Assembly (Chapter IV, Article 17) and for preparing the budget to the Secretary-General, as "chief administrative officer" (Chapter XV, Article 97). The Charter also addresses the non-payment of assessed contributions (Chapter IV, Article 19). The planning, programming, budgeting, monitoring and evaluation cycle of the United Nations has evolved over the years; major resolutions on the process include General Assembly resolutions: 41/213 of 19 December 1986, 42/211 of 21 December 1987, and 45/248 of 21 December 1990.[14]
The budget covers the costs of United Nations programmes in areas such as political affairs, international justice and law, international cooperation for development, public information, human rights, and humanitarian affairs.
The main source of funds for the regular budget is the contributions of member states. The scale of assessments is based on the capacity of countries to pay. This is determined by considering their relative shares of total gross national product, adjusted to take into account a number of factors, including their per capita incomes.
In addition to the regular budget, member states are assessed for the costs of the international tribunals and, in accordance with a modified version of the basic scale, for the costs of peacekeeping operations.[15]
ElectionsEdit
Division of the General Assembly by membership in the five United Nations Regional Groups:
The Group of African States (54)
The Group of Asia-Pacific States (54)
The Group of Eastern European States (23)
The Group of Latin American and Caribbean States (33)
The Group of Western European and Other States (28)
No group
The General Assembly is entrusted in the United Nations Charter with electing members to various organs within the United Nations system. The procedure for these elections can be found in Section 15 of the Rules of Procedure for the General Assembly. The most important elections for the General Assembly include those for the upcoming President of the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council, the Human Rights Council and the International Court of Justice. Most elections are held annually, with the exception of the election of judges to the ICJ, which happens triennially.[16][17]
The Assembly annually elects five non-permanent members of the Security Council for two year terms, 18 members of the Economic and Social Council for three year terms and 14-18 members of the Human Rights Council for three year terms. It also elects the leadership of the next General Assembly session, i.e. the next President of the General Assembly, the 21 Vice-Presidents and the bureaux of the six main committees.[16][18][19]
Elections to the International Court of Justice take place every three years in order to ensure continuity within the court. In these elections, five judges are elected for nine year terms. These elections are held jointly with the Security Council, with candidates needing to receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies.[20]
The Assembly also, in conjunction with the Security Council, selects the next Secretary-General of the United Nations. The main part of these elections are held in the Security Council, with the General Assembly simply appointing the candidate that receives the Council's nomination.[21]
Regional groupsEdit
Division of seats of the Economic and Social Council based on regional grouping:
African States (14)
Asia-Pacific States (11)
Eastern European States (6)
Latin American and Caribbean States (10)
Western European and Other States (13)
The United Nations Regional Groups were created in order to facilitate the equitable geographical distribution of seats among the Member States in different United Nations bodies. Resolution 33/138 of the General Assembly states that "the composition of the various organs of the United Nations should be so constituted as to ensure their representative character." Thus, member States of the United Nations are informally divided into five regions, with most bodies in the United Nations system having a specific number of seats allocated for each regional group. Additionally, the leadership of most bodies also rotates between the regional groups, such as the presidency of the General Assembly and the chairmanship of the six main committees.[21][22][23]
The regional groups work according to the consensus principle. Candidates who are endorsed by them are, as a rule, elected by the General Assembly in any subsequent elections.[23]
SessionsEdit
Regular sessionsEdit
The General Assembly meets annually in a regular session that opens on the third Tuesday of September, and runs until the following September. Sessions are held at United Nations Headquarters in New York, unless changed by the General Assembly by a majority vote.[16][24]
The regular session is split into two distinct periods, the main and resumed parts of the session. During the main part of the session, which runs from the opening of the session until Christmas break in December, most of the work of the Assembly is done. This period is the Assembly's most intense period of work and includes the general debate and the bulk of the work of the Main Committees. The resumed part of the session, however, which runs from January until the beginning of the new session, includes most thematic debates, consultation processes led by the President of the General Assembly, and working group meetings.[25]
General debateEdit
Spanish Prime Minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero addressing the General Assembly in New York, 20 September 2005
Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff delivers the opening speech at the 66th Session of the General Assembly on 21 September 2011, marking the first time a woman opened a United Nations session[26]
The general debate of each new session of the General Assembly is held the week following the official opening of the session, typically the following Tuesday, and is held without interruption for nine working days. The general debate is a high-level event, typically attended by Member States' Heads of State or Government, government ministers and United Nations delegates. At the general debate, Member States are given the opportunity to raise attention to topics or issues that they feel are important. In additional to the general debate, there are also many other high-level thematic meetings, summits and informal events held during general debate week.[27][28][29]
The General debate is held in the General Assembly Hall at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.
Special sessionsEdit
Main article: Special session of the United Nations General Assembly
Special sessions, or UNGASS, may be convened in three different ways, at the request of the Security Council, at the request of a majority of United Nations members States or by a single member, as long as a majority concurs. Special sessions typically cover one single topic and end with the adoption of one or two outcome documents, such as a political declaration, action plan or strategy to combat said topic. They are also typically high-level events with participation from heads of state and government, as well as by government ministers. There have been 30 special sessions in the history of the United Nations.[25][30][31]
Emergency special sessionsEdit
See also: List of emergency special sessions of the United Nations General Assembly
In the event that the Security Council is unable, usually due to disagreement among the permanent members, to come to a decision on a threat to international peace and security, the General Assembly may call an emergency special session in order to make appropriate recommendations to Members States for collective measures. This power was given to the Assmebly in Resolution 377(V) of 3 November 1950.[25][32][33]
Emergency special sessions can be called by the Security Council, if supported by at least seven members, or by a majority of Member States of the United Nations. If enough votes are had, the Assembly must meet within 24 hours, with Members being notified at least twelve hours before the opening of the session. There have been 10 emergency special sessions in the history of the United Nations.[16]
Subsidiary organsEdit
The United Nations General Assembly building
Panorama of the UNGA
The General Assembly subsidiary organs are divided into five categories: committees (30 total, six main), commissions (six), boards (seven), councils (four) and panels (one), working groups, and "other".
CommitteesEdit
Main committeesEdit
The main committees are ordinally numbered, 1–6:[34]
The First Committee: Disarmament and International Security (DISEC) is concerned with disarmament and related international security questions
The Second Committee: Economic and Financial (ECOFIN) is concerned with economic questions
The Third Committee: Social, Cultural, and Humanitarian (SOCHUM) deals with social and humanitarian issues
The Fourth Committee: Special Political and Decolonisation (SPECPOL) deals with a variety of political subjects not dealt with by the First Committee, as well as with decolonization
The Fifth Committee: Administrative and Budgetary and general deals with the administration and budget of the United Nations
The Sixth Committee: Legal deals with legal matters
The roles of many of the main committees have changed over time. Until the late 1970s, the First Committee was the Political and Security Committee (POLISEC) and there was also a sufficient number of additional "political" matters that an additional, unnumbered main committee, called the Special Political Committee, also sat. The Fourth Committee formerly handled Trusteeship and Decolonization matters. With the decreasing number of such matters to be addressed as the trust territories attained independence and the decolonization movement progressed, the functions of the Special Political Committee were merged into the Fourth Committee during the 1990s.
Each main committee consists of all the members of the General Assembly. Each elects a chairman, three vice chairmen, and a rapporteur at the outset of each regular General Assembly session.
Other committeesEdit
Former Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev addressing the UN General Assembly in December 1988
These are not numbered. According to the General Assembly website, the most important are:[34]
Credentials Committee – This committee is charged with ensuring that the diplomatic credentials of all UN representatives are in order. The Credentials Committee consists of nine Member States elected early in each regular General Assembly session.
General Committee – This is a supervisory committee entrusted with ensuring that the whole meeting of the Assembly goes smoothly. The General Committee consists of the president and vice presidents of the current General Assembly session and the chairman of each of the six Main Committees.
Other committees of the General Assembly are enumerated.[35]
CommissionsEdit
There are six commissions:[36]
United Nations Disarmament Commission, established by GA Resolution 502 (VI) and S-10/2
International Civil Service Commission, established by GA Resolution 3357 (XXIX)
International Law Commission, established by GA Resolution 174 (II)
United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), established by GA Resolution 2205 (XXI)
United Nations Conciliation Commission for Palestine, established by GA Resolution 194 (III)
United Nations Peacebuilding Commission, established by GA Resolution 60/180 and UN Security Council Resolutions 1645 (2005) and 1646 (2005)
Despite its name, the former United Nations Commission on Human Rights (UNCHR) was actually a subsidiary body of ECOSOC.
BoardsEdit
There are seven boards which are categorized into two groups: a) Executive Boards and b) Boards[37]
Executive BoardsEdit
Executive Board of the United Nations Children's Fund, established by GA Resolution 57 (I) and 48/162
Executive Board of the United Nations Development Programme and of the United Nations Population Fund, established by GA Resolution 2029 (XX) and 48/162
Executive Board of the World Food Programme, established by GA Resolution 50/8
Board of Auditors, established by GA Resolution 74 (I)
Trade and Development Board, established by GA Resolution 1995 (XIX)
United Nations Joint Staff Pension Board, established by GA Resolution 248 (III)
Advisory Board on Disarmament Matters, established by GA Resolution 37/99 K
Councils and panelsEdit
The newest council is the United Nations Human Rights Council, which replaced the aforementioned UNCHR in March 2006.
There are a total of four councils and one panel.[38]
Working Groups and otherEdit
There is a varied group of working groups and other subsidiary bodies.[39]
SeatingEdit
Countries are seated alphabetically in the General Assembly according to English translations of the countries' names. The country which occupies the front-most left position is determined annually by the Secretary-General via ballot draw. The remaining countries follow alphabetically after it.[40]
Reform and UNPAEdit
Main article: Reform of the United Nations
See also: United Nations Parliamentary Assembly
On 21 March 2005, Secretary-General Kofi Annan presented a report, In Larger Freedom, that criticized the General Assembly for focusing so much on consensus that it was passing watered-down resolutions reflecting "the lowest common denominator of widely different opinions".[41] He also criticized the Assembly for trying to address too broad an agenda, instead of focusing on "the major substantive issues of the day, such as international migration and the long-debated comprehensive convention on terrorism". Annan recommended streamlining the General Assembly's agenda, committee structure, and procedures; strengthening the role and authority of its president; enhancing the role of civil society; and establishing a mechanism to review the decisions of its committees, in order to minimize unfunded mandates and micromanagement of the United Nations Secretariat. Annan reminded UN members of their responsibility to implement reforms, if they expect to realize improvements in UN effectiveness.[42]
The reform proposals were not taken up by the United Nations World Summit in September 2005. Instead, the Summit solely affirmed the central position of the General Assembly as the chief deliberative, policymaking and representative organ of the United Nations, as well as the advisory role of the Assembly in the process of standard-setting and the codification of international law. The Summit also called for strengthening the relationship between the General Assembly and the other principal organs to ensure better coordination on topical issues that required coordinated action by the United Nations, in accordance with their respective mandates.[43]
A United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, or United Nations People's Assembly (UNPA), is a proposed addition to the United Nations System that eventually could allow for direct election of UN parliament members by citizens all over the world.
In the General Debate of the 65th General Assembly, Jorge Valero, representing Venezuela, said "The United Nations has exhausted its model and it is not simply a matter of proceeding with reform, the twenty-first century demands deep changes that are only possible with a rebuilding of this organisation." He pointed to the futility of resolutions concerning the Cuban embargo and the Middle East conflict as reasons for the UN model having failed. Venezuela also called for the suspension of veto rights in the Security Council because it was a "remnant of the Second World War [it] is incompatible with the principle of sovereign equality of States".[44]
Reform of the United Nations General Assembly includes proposals to change the powers and composition of the U.N. General Assembly. This could include, for example, tasking the Assembly with evaluating how well member states implement UNGA resolutions,[45] increasing the power of the assembly vis-à-vis the United Nations Security Council, or making debates more constructive and less repetitive.[46]
Sidelines of the General AssemblyEdit
The annual session of the United Nations General Assembly is accompanied by independent meetings between world leaders, better known as meetings taking place on the sidelines of the Assembly meeting. The diplomatic congregation has also since evolved into a week attracting wealthy and influential individuals from around the world to New York City to address various agendas, ranging from humanitarian and environmental to business and political.[47]
History of the United Nations
List of current Permanent Representatives to the United Nations
Reform of the United Nations
United Nations Interpretation Service
United Nations System
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^ United Nations Official Document. "The annual session convenes on Tuesday of the third week in September per Resolution 57/301, Para. 1. The opening debate begins the following Tuesday". www.un.org.
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^ "Articles 11 (2) and 11 (3) of Charter of the United Nations". 15 April 2016.
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^ a b c d United Nations General Assembly Document 520/Rev.18. Rules of Procedure of the General Assembly A/520/Rev.18 September 2016. Retrieved 13 January 2020.
^ Statute of the International Court of Justice. San Francisco: United Nations. 26 June 1945 – via Wikisource.
^ United Nations (17 October 2019). "General Assembly Elects 14 Member States to Human Rights Council, Appoints New Under-Secretary-General for Internal Oversight Services". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^ United Nations (4 June 2019). "Delegates Elect Permanent Representative of Nigeria President of Seventy-Fourth General Assembly by Acclamation, Also Choosing 20 Vice-Presidents". United Nations Meetings Coverage & Press Releases. United Nations. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
^ "Members of the Court". International Court of Justice. International Court of Justice. n.d. Retrieved 19 January 2020.
^ a b Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2nd ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. pp. 61–65. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3.
^ United Nations General Assembly Session 33 E 138. Question of the composition of the relevant organs of the United Nations: amendments to rules 31 and 28 of the rules of procedure of the General Assembly to rules A/RES/33/138 19 December 1978. Retrieved 19 January 2019.
^ a b Winkelmann, Ingo (2010). Volger, Helmut (ed.). A Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations (PDF) (2nd ed.). Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff. pp. 592–96. ISBN 978 90 04 18004 8.
^ "Ordinary sessions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
^ a b c Ruder, Nicole; Nakano, Kenji; Aeschlimann, Johann (2017). Aeschlimann, Johann; Regan, Mary (eds.). The GA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF) (2nd ed.). New York: Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. pp. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3.
^ Llenas, Bryan (4 January 2017). "Brazil's President Rousseff to be First Woman to Open United Nations". Fox News. New York. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
^ Manhire, Vanessa, ed. (2019). United Nations Handbook 2019-20 (PDF) (57th ed.). Wellington: Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade of New Zealand. p. 17. ISSN 0110-1951.
^ "What is the general debate of the General Assembly? What is the order of speakers at the general debate?". Dag Hammarskjöld Library. United Nations. 10 July 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
^ "Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
^ Charter of the United Nations. San Francisco: United Nations. 26 June 1945 – via Wikisource.
^ "Special sessions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
^ "Emergency Special sessions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. n.d. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
^ United Nations General Assembly Session 5 Resolution 377. Uniting for Peace A/RES/377(V) 3 November 1950. Retrieved 17 January 2020.
^ a b "Main Committees". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
^ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Committees". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
^ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Commissions". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
^ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Boards". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
^ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Assemblies and Councils". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
^ "Subsidiary Organs of the General Assembly: Working Groups". United Nations General Assembly. United Nations. Retrieved 19 June 2018.
^ The PGA Handbook: A practical guide to the United Nations General Assembly (PDF). Permanent Mission of Switzerland to the United Nations. 2011. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-615-49660-3.
^ "Report of the Secretary-General in Larger Freedom towards development, security and human rights for all".
^ "In Larger Freedom, Chapter 5". United Nations.
^ Johnstone, Ian (2008). "Legislation and Adjudication in the UN Security Council: Bringing down the Deliberative Deficit". American Journal of International Law. Vol. 102. No 2 (2): 275–308. JSTOR 30034539.
^ Assembly, General. "Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of H.E. Mr. Jorge Valero Briceño, Chairman of the Delegation". www.un.org.
^ "REVITALIZATION OF THE WORK OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY" (PDF). Globalpolicy.org. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
^ "The Role of the UN General Assembly". Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
^ David Gelles (21 September 2017). "It's the U.N.'s Week, but Executives Make It a High-Minded Mingle". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 September 2017.
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text:
US military reports relative lull in Baghdads Sadr City
An Iraqi man carries his injured daughter in the Shiite enclave of Sadr city in Baghdad, Iraq, Friday, April 25, 2008. - photo by Associated Press
SELCAN HACAOGLU
Associated Press Writer
BAGHDAD — The U.S. military reported a relative lull in fighting Saturday, a day after radical Shiite cleric Muqtada al-Sadr said his threat of an ''open war'' applied only to American-led foreign troops.
Still, at least 12 Iraqis were wounded Saturday in sporadic clashes in the sprawling slum district of Sadr City, a stronghold of al-Sadr's Mahdi Army militia, officials said. No U.S. or Iraqi troop casualties were reported.
The injured in Sadr City included a school boy wounded by a stray bullet that pierced his school bag, health officials said. Elsewhere in Baghdad, two separate bombings killed three people and injured 19, including 10 policemen, officials said.
The lull in fighting came after al-Sadr called Friday for an end to Iraqi bloodshed and said his threat of an ''open war'' applied only to U.S.-led foreign troops, stepping back from a full-blown confrontation with the government over a crackdown against his followers.
Al-Sadr's appeal won support of some residents of Sadr City who also have been facing shortages of food and supplies.
''He wants this city to be stable taking into consideration that the people are suffering from the deteriorating situation and from escalating prices,'' said 42-year-old Naji Mohammed, a father of three.
''In general, people in Sadr City are very happy about this decision. I think Mahdi Army elements are also happy about it, but till now the situation has not changed yet in Sadr City,'' he added.
Other residents were worried about factions within the Mahdi Army who may not be willing to observe the cease-fire. U.S. authorities claim that ''special forces'' trained by Iran are operating within the ranks of the Mahdi Army.
''I am afraid that some ill-intentioned groups of Mahdi Army who are disloyal to (al-Sadr) will not respect this decision,'' said Ayad Muhsen, 21, a college student.
Al-Sadr's militia have clashed daily with U.S.-backed Iraqi security forces since Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki launched a crackdown against the militias a month ago. Last week, al-Sadr issued what he called a ''final warning'' to the Shiite-led government to halt its offensive or face an ''open war until liberation.''
Al-Maliki on Friday set conditions for calling off the crackdown against the Mahdi army and other militias, including the unconditional handover of weapons.
During the past month, the Mahdi army has regularly lobbed rockets and mortar shells at the fortified Green Zone that houses foreign embassies and the Iraqi government. But the U.S.-led forces said they have largely pushed them out of effective range of the area.
''I'm seeing that basically since we took over south Sadr City the rocket and mortar attacks have become a lot less effective,'' said Lt. Col. Steve Stover, military spokesman for U.S. forces in Baghdad.
There were no major engagements that required the intervention of U.S. helicopter gunships, Stover said.
''We had no airstrikes last night. There were no major engagements last night. it was fairly quiet,'' he said.
Meanwhile, Iraq's Sunni vice president, Tariq al-Hashimi, said Saturday that his political bloc was intent on rejoining the country's Shiite-led government after an absence of nine months. He said the new Cabinet lineup would help ''save Iraq.''
Last week, Sunni lawmakers announced that their block would return to al-Maliki's government. They dropped out in August, saying they were being sidelined by the dominant Shiite parties.
Their return would be a boost to al-Maliki, who is struggling to reconcile Iraq's feuding Shiite and Sunni politicians.
Associated Press writer Bushra Juhi and Sameer N. Yacoub contributed to this report.