text:
Winsor v. Pettis
In re Carlson's Estate
A bill alleging the death of a designated person and that defendant was thereafter appointed and acted as his…
Gavitt v. Berry
De Wolf v. Murphy, 11 R.I. 630 was simply a bill of interpleader between attaching creditors and mortgagees.…
Full title:AUGUSTUS W. WINSOR et. al. vs. MARY H. PETTIS et als
Court:Supreme Court of Rhode Island
Date published: Mar 3, 1877
11 R.I. 506 (R.I. 1877)
Supreme Court of Rhode Island
A bill in equity was filed by two daughters of P., by his first wife, with their husbands, against his second wife who survived him, and her children by him, to set aside several conveyances of realty and personalty made by P. during his lifetime to his second wife, and his children by her, charging such conveyances to be the result of undue influence and fraud practised by the different grantees and donees acting in concert upon his weakness and incompetency. The widow was described in the bill as administratrix, as follows: "That the said P. died on the sixteenth day of February, A.D. 1871; the said M.H.P., respondent, having been since appointed, and having acted as his administratrix." The bill closed with numerous interrogatories which were not numbered, and which required answers from different respondents: — Held, on demurrer, to be a proper case for equitable relief. Held, further, that the bill was not objectionable on the ground of multifariousness. Held, further, that the administratrix was sufficiently made a party. Held, further, that the interrogatories should be numbered.
BILL IN EQUITY filed by Augustus W. Winsor and Almirah his wife, and Welcome A. Potter and Maria his wife, the two female complainants being children of James M. Pettis by his first wife, against Mary H. Pettis, his second wife, and James L. Pettis and Ednah H. Pettis, his children by her. The bill charged that James M. Pettis was born in 1783 and married Phoebe Alverson, his first wife, in 1809; that she died in 1829, when the female complainants were young girls, and that one of them, Maria, did all the family work until the marriage of her father with his second wife Mary, which took place in 1835; that James M. Pettis by great labor and frugality amassed, with the assistance of the female complainants, considerable property before his second marriage, and that he repeatedly assured his daughters, the complainants, that the property should be theirs in return for their industry and economy. The bill proceeds:
"That the said James M. Pettis died on the sixteenth day of February, A.D. 1871, the said Mary H. Pettis, respondent, having been since appointed, and having acted as his administratrix, and that your orators and the respondents are and comprise all the heirs at law and next of kin of the said James M. Pettis; that said James M. Pettis expressed repeatedly in his lifetime the intention that all his children should share in the distribution of his property; that for several years previous to his death the mind of the said James M. Pettis was weak and infirm, and in a state of increasing unsoundness, attended with and resulting in incompetency on his part to transact any business, or make any contract, or otherwise dispose of any of his property; and that during said several years he was incompetent to transact any business, make any contract, or otherwise dispose of any of his property. That during that time and up to the time of his death he resided with the said Mary H. Pettis, James L. Pettis, and Ednah H. Pettis, the respondents; that he, the said James M. Pettis, reposed and placed great trust and confidence in the said respondents, his said second wife, and the children born to him by her, and that the said Mary H. Pettis, James L. Pettis, and Ednah H. Pettis fraudulently combined to secure to themselves the property of the said James M. Pettis, to the exclusion of your orators therefrom, and did violate and abuse said trust and confidence reposed in them by said James M. Pettis, and fraudulently procured and unduly influenced the said James M. Pettis, in his then weak, infirm, and incompetent state of mind, to execute certain conveyances whereby certain portions of his property were conveyed to the said Mary H. Pettis, certain other portions to the said James L. Pettis, and certain other portions to the said Ednah H. Pettis; that there was no consideration for said conveyances so fraudulently and by undue influence, without consideration, and in violation of trust and confidence, obtained, being as follows:" —
Here follow the descriptions of four deeds of realty executed by James M. Pettis: two to James L. Pettis, dated respectively April 15, 1867, and April 24, 1868; one to Ednah H. Pettis, dated February 15, 1870; and one to H.L. Wood, dated January 26, 1870. Wood by deed of same date conveying the property to Mary H. Pettis.
The bill alleges that these conveyances covered the entire real estate of James M. Pettis, that the respondents hold such realty to the exclusion of the complainants, and that the value of the realty is $60,000 The bill then proceeds: —
"And your orators complain and say that the said James M. Pettis being the owner of certain funds deposited in certain savings banks in the city of Providence, and being a creditor of one Levi B. Darling to a certain amount, being proceeds of bank stock belonging to said James M. Pettis, and sold by said Levi B. Darling, under a power of attorney from said James M. Pettis, the respondents, on or about the twentieth day of October, A.D. 1869, did abuse the confidence reposed in them by said James M. Pettis, and fraudulently and by undue influence procure from the said James M. Pettis, who was then weak and infirm in mind, and of unsound mind, and not competent to make any contract as hereinbefore stated, certain transfers of certain portions of the said funds so deposited in said banks to themselves, or to one or more of themselves, or to some person or persons for them, or by them designated; and did further abuse said confidence, and fraudulently and unduly influence said James M. Pettis, who was then of weak mind, and unduly influenced, to withdraw the remaining portion of said funds from said banks, and place the same in the bands or under the control of the said respondents, or some one or more of them; and that the said respondents did with the said funds on or about the twentieth day of October, 1869, purchase a certain open mortgage made by said Darling and his wife, to one Ely Aylsworth, a copy of which mortgage is hereto annexed, and made a part of this bill, the transfer of said mortgage from said Aylsworth being taken in and to the name of said Mary H. Pettis, a copy of said transfer being hereto annexed and made a part of this bill; and that said respondents, by means of holding said mortgage given by said Darling and wife, procured and compelled from said Darling the payment to them, or some one of them, by said Darling, of the amount of said funds paid by them for said mortgage, and also the amount previously due from said Darling to said James M. Pettis, for both of which said amounts they have failed to make any account or inventory whatever to the estate of the said James M. Pettis. And your orators complain and say that by said transfer of said deposits so fraudulently obtained, and by the fraudulent acquisition of the control and possession of said funds as aforesaid, and said purchase of said mortgage and the procuring of the payment to some one of them of the amount of said funds and said prior debt due from said Darling, the said respondents became possessed of the entire personal estate of the said James M. Pettis, to the exclusion of your orators, also next of kin to the said James M. Pettis, therefrom, and contrary to the repeatedly expressed intention of the said James M. Pettis. And your orators further say that said personal property so fraudulently obtained and held by the respondents is of great value, amounting, to the best of your orator's judgment, information, and belief, to at least $11,000; that there are no debts due from the estate of the said James M. Pettis, and that there is no reason why said estate should not be administered and distributed among the next of kin of the said James M. Pettis, according to law."
"And your orators say that said fraudulent conveyances, transfers, and proceedings of, and relative to, the real and personal estate were unknown to the complainants until after the death of the said James M. Pettis, and that they were executed and procured without the knowledge of your complainants."
"And your orators further say that during all the lifetime of the said James M. Pettis he was on the most affectionate terms with your orators, and in the habit of visiting them constantly; that since the decease of the said James M. Pettis, and the discovery by your orators of the execution of the conveyances hereinbefore enumerated, and the fraudulent appropriation of the personal estate hereinbefore mentioned, the said respondents have made certain offers of compromise and settlement to one of your orators, and that your orators, being anxious to avoid litigation and the publicity and scandal attendant thereupon, have endeavored to agree with the said respondents upon some mode of compromise and settlement of the matters in dispute between them relative to the said estate of the said James M. Pettis, and have delayed to bring this their bill of complaint in the hope that the said matters would have been amicably settled, but they have been unable to make any compromise or settlement with the said respondents."
"And your orators well hoped," c.
After the confederacy and jurisdiction clauses, the interrogating clause contained a series of interrogatories not numbered, but embracing forty-seven questions which each of the respondents were required to answer, although some of the interrogatories concerned the acts of different and distinct respondents. The prayer for relief asked that the respondents might be declared as to the realty trustees of the heirs at law of James M. Pettis, and that Mary H. Pettis might, as to the personalty, be declared a trustee of the estate of James M. Pettis, and that they might be required to account. The prayer also asked that the respondents might be enjoined from alienating any of the property described in the bill in their hands, that the intestate personal estate of James M. Pettis might be administered, and that one sixth of the residue might be paid to each of the female complainants.
To this bill each of the three respondents demurred; the three demurrers being identical in form and substance; and each demurrer stated the following causes: —
" First. That said complainants have not, in and by their said bill, made or stated such a case as doth or ought to entitle them to any such discovery or relief as is thereby sought or prayed for against this defendant.
" Second. That it appears in and from said bill that, as to so much thereof as prays discovery or relief on account of or concerning the personal estate and property of said James M. Pettis, deceased, the said complainants have a plain, adequate, and full remedy at law.
" Third. That it appears in and by said bill that the same is exhibited against this defendant and the several other persons named as defendants thereto for distinct matters and causes, in many of which, as appears by said bill, this defendant is not in any manner interested or concerned, and that said bill is altogether multifarious.
" Fourth. That it appears in and by said bill that the complainants have charged the defendants named therein with abuse and violation of trust and confidence, and with fraudulently procuring and inducing the execution of certain conveyances of real estate therein named, and with fraudulently obtaining certain personal estate and money; but they do not allege or specify in what manner this defendant has abused or violated any trust or confidence, or has fraudulently procured or induced the execution of any conveyances of real estate, or has fraudulently obtained the possession of any personal property or money; and said complainants have not numbered the interrogatories contained and propounded in said bill, and have not specifically addressed the same, or any one of the same, to this defendant, nor required him to answer the same, or any of the same, so that this defendant is unable to know what specific charges of violation and abuse of trust or confidence, or of fraudulent procurement and inducement, or fraudulent obtaining, are made against him, and he cannot answer the same.
" Fifth. That it appears in and by the said bill that an administratrix on the estate of James M. Pettis was duly appointed and has acted as such, and that she is a necessary party to said bill, yet the said complainants have not made the administratrix of said James M. Pettis a party thereto."
George H. Browne Charles H. Parkhurst, for the respondents, in support of the demurrers.
It appears from the bill that Mary H. Pettis was appointed and acted as administratrix of the estate of her deceased husband, James M. Pettis. It is a necessary legal presumption from allegations of this character, which appear in the bill, that said administratrix returned an inventory. That being the case, so far as the bill seeks to bring into this controversy the personal estate of the decedent, it is perfectly clear that the complainants have a full, adequate, and complete remedy at law. Blake v. Butler, Adm'r, 10 R.I. 133. This bill demands an account of the personal estate of the late James M. Pettis. It is hardly necessary to quote authority to satisfy the court that Mrs. Mary H. Pettis, in her representative capacity as administratrix of her deceased husband, should be and is a necessary party defendant to this bill. She is not made such party, and is only charged, as are the rest of the defendants, generally and indefinitely, with some kind of undefinable conduct which led Mr. Pettis to convey to his wife and his two children, by independent instruments of different dates certain real estate; and with equal indefiniteness somebody is sought to be charged with some kind of responsibility touching certain personal property for which, as administratrix, if anybody, she can only be held to be accountable. She is not such party, therefore there is a non-joinder to which this demurrer is directly applicable. And on this ground the demurrer should be sustained.
The court will keep in mind the fact that this bill is brought by the children of a first wife against those born of a second, who is the surviving widow. It charges the fraudulent procurement, and a fraudulent combination to procure, the transfers and conveyances of property, real and personal, to the three defendants, by a violation and abuse of the trust and confidence reposed in them by James M. Pettis, the decedent.
The deeds of real estate are described in the bill and are set forth as exhibits thereto. There then follows a charge touching certain funds deposited in certain savings banks, which the three defendants are charged with having procured from James M. Pettis, deceased, fraudulently and by abuse of his confidence in them, and that the same were placed "in the hands, or under the control, of the said respondents, or some one or more of them."
Following that is an allegation to the effect that with the funds so acquired a mortgage was purchased originally made by one Darling to one Aylesworth, and transferred, not to the three defendants but to only one, to wit, Mary H. Pettis, and subsequently the amount of said mortgage by said Darling, together with amounts previously due from him to the said James M. Pettis, deceased, were compelled to be paid, as the bill charges, to the defendants or some one of them, but to which is not alleged, nor does any suggestion as to which appear: but the bill concludes with a series of interrogatories which are not addressed to any one of the several defendants, but which are each addressed to all.
How can Miss Ednah H. Pettis answer these questions, so far as they relate to any deed made by her father to her mother or her brother, and how can either of the last named persons reply as to any deed made to Ednah H. Pettis?
How, also, can all of these defendants answer as to the bank stock or its proceeds, referred to in the second interrogatory, and alleged in the bill to have been transferred to Mary H. Pettis, widow and administratrix of the decedent? The allegation is distinct in the bill; and the question asked in the interrogatories, which are neither numbered nor directed to any particular defendant, distinctly sets forth that the transfer of the mortgage was made to Mary H. Pettis, one only of the defendants.
How can James L. Pettis and Ednah H. Pettis make any answer to an interrogatory which is directed to them, and which their mother alone can answer ?
The charge of "combining and confederating," "the use of undue influence upon the weak and infirm mind of an aged father," "the abuse and violation of trust and confidence reposed," cannot avail these complainants to support the charges which they have made.
Each of these defendants is certainly entitled to know what specific charges of violation and abuse of trust or confidence, or of fraudulent procurement and inducement, or fraudulent obtaining, are made against him or her; and because such charges are not specifically made in this bill the demurrer of each of the defendants should be sustained.
It is a rule in equity that two or more distinct subjects cannot be embraced in the same suit. The offence against this rule is termed multifariousness, and will render a bill liable to a demurrer. 1 Daniells' Chan. Prac. (4th Am. ed.) 334, 335, 559; West v. Randall, 2 Mason, 201; Carter v. Treadwell, 3 Story, 51; Boyd v. Hoyt, 5 Paige, 79; Swift v. Eckford, 6 Paige, 27; Jackson v. Leggett, 2 Barb. Ch. 581; Story Eq. Pl. §§ 271, 530.
Charles S. Bradley, James Tillinghast John F. Lonsdale, for the complainants, contra.
The complainants have no adequate remedy at law as to the personal property.
a. Chapter 174, §§ 18, 19, of the Gen. Stat. R.I. provides no adequate remedy, because it only applies to cases where the person summoned and examined by the court is "suspected of concealing or of having embezzled or conveyed away any of the personal estate left by the testator or intestate." A Court of Probate might well decline to take jurisdiction under that statute in a case like that made by the present bill, where the property is alleged to have been transferred by the intestate in his lifetime, and it is sought to set aside such transfer on account of its having been obtained by undue influence. Such a case could properly be reached by a Court of Equity alone, particularly where the administratrix, as in this case, is alleged to have been guilty herself of the fraud and of collusion with others.
b. Chapter 179 of the Gen. Stat. R.I., Of the Settlement of Accounts of Executors and Administrators, affords no adequate remedy in the case made by the bill. That statute makes it the duty of executors and administrators to account annually, confers upon the Probate Court power to issue a citation to executors and administrators requiring them to account; and enacts that in case they do not account after being cited, they shall be held responsible for the full value of the personal property of the decedent, and shall be entitled to no compensation. It does not apply to a case like the present one. The Probate Court does not seem to be clothed with any power to compel the administrator to account.
The administration of intestate estates is an established branch of equity jurisdiction, concurrent with the Court of Probate. Mallett v. Dexter, 1 Curtis, 178; Pratt v. Northam, 5 Mason, 95; Blake v. Butler, 10 R.I. 137; Rathbone v. Lyman, 8 R.I. 158.
A Court of Equity having acquired jurisdiction by the allegation and establishment of undue influence over the mind of the intestate, and the procuring thereby of transfers of his property, will go on and administer the whole estate. Daboll et al., Adm'rs, v. Field et al. 9 R.I. 266.
If there be a remedy by statute, there being none by common law, the jurisdiction of a Court of Equity in the case remains intact. The remedy by statute does not destroy or oust the jurisdiction of a Court of Equity. Story Eq. Jur. § 80; Rathbone v. Lyman, 8 R.I. 158.
The bill is not multifarious. It alleges a combination upon the part of all the defendants to secure from the deceased by undue influence over his weak and impaired intellect, and by abuse and violation of the trust and confidence reposed in them by him, the conveyance to them of his entire estate. The mere fact that they took by separate instruments, executed at different times, is consistent with the existence of a combination or plan on their part as alleged in the bill, and does not therefore render the bill liable to objection upon demurrer for multifariousness. The object of the suit is single, to compel the restoration of the real and personal estate acquired by the fraudulent combination of the defendants. The bill alleges certain transactions, all parts of one scheme of fraud, in no wise so distinct and disconnected as to render their consideration perplexing to the court or injurious to the interests of any of the respondents. Story's Eq. Pl. § 530; Campbell v. Mackay, 1 Myl. C. 603; Attorney General v. Craddock, 3 Myl. C. 85; Salvidge v. Hyde, 5 Madd. 138; Earl Vane v. Rigden, L.R. 5 Ch. Ap. 663; Poynton v. Poynton, L.R. 12 Eq. 547; Coates v. Ligard, L.R. 19 Eq. 56; Sanders v. Kelsey, 10 Jur. 833; Innes v. Mitchell, 4 Drew. 97, 98; Bowers v. Keesecher, 9 Iowa, 422; Gaines v. Chew, 2 How. U.S. 619; N.E. Com. Bank v. Newport Steam Factory, 6 R.I. 190; Arnold v. Arnold, 9 R.I. 397.
The character of the wrong charged in the bill is of itself of such a nature as to preclude a statement of the special manner in which such particular fraudulent transfer was obtained.
Mary H. Pettis is made a party to the bill, and it is stated that she was appointed administratrix of the estate of her deceased husband, and relief is sought against her in that capacity.
POTTER, J.
The first ground of demurrer is that the complainants have not made a proper case for relief in equity.
The second is that there is a plain, full, and adequate remedy at law. We cannot see that there is any remedy at common law, and under the statutes regulating probate jurisdiction there is no adequate remedy; and if there was, there has not been such a commencement of proceedings in the Probate Court as to oust this court of its concurrent jurisdiction; and if jurisdiction had been taken for the purpose of investigating the fraud, this court might then proceed further, if necessary, in the settlement of the estate.
The third objection is multifariousness. We do not consider this a valid ground for dismissing the bill. Parties must not combine distinct matters in one suit; but in the present case, although the deeds are to three different parties, the grantor was the same in all, and the ground of relief is undue influence over a weak mind, and a combination between the defendants in exercising that influence. We think they can well be investigated together, and that in such a case much of the evidence may apply to all the defendants.
And we think that the administratrix is sufficiently made a party to the bill, and that the charges of fraud and undue influence are sufficiently stated.
The demurrers are overruled on all points except as to numbering interrogatories.
In regard to interrogatories, our rules adopt the Rules of the English Chancery as far as applicable, and especially so far as the same may be adopted by the United States Supreme Court.
By the English Rules of August 26, 1841, interrogatories were required to be numbered; and this was further provided for by the Rules of August 7, 1852, Rule 15, which is retained in the Consolidated Orders of 1860, Order 11, and the Rule has been adopted by the Supreme Court. United States Rules in Equity, Rule 41.
Decree giving leave to amend by numbering the interrogatories and overruling the demurrers on other points.


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Thomas Körmendi is currently CEO at Kezzler AS, a Norwegian company working with the digitalization of packaging. Earlier in his career Thomas worked about twenty years at Tetra Pak in various international positions. His latest position in Tetra Pak was as Vice President and head of North Europe with 1200 employees and four multi country production plants.
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Indoor accessible parking available off of Duke of York Blvd. Two elevators for access to all floors. Universal Toilet Room located on the main floor. Accessible computer tables for access to internet and library catalogue. For specific information regarding Accessibility, contact the Library Branch directly.
The Central Library of the Mississauga Library System is located beside the Civic Centre. It has five floors divided by collections and services. The Central Library opened in 1991 and is one of the busiest libraries in Canada.


text:
module LTE
	VERSION_MAJOR = 0
	VERSION_MINOR = 0
	VERSION_DEBUG = 5
	VERSION = "#{VERSION_MAJOR}.#{VERSION_MINOR}.#{VERSION_DEBUG}"
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A08:2021 – Software and Data Integrity Failures
Software and data integrity failures relate to code and infrastructure that does not protect against integrity violations. For example, where objects or data are encoded or serialized into a structure that an attacker can see and modify is vulnerable to insecure deserialization. Another form of this is where an application relies upon plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline can introduce the potential for unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Lastly, many applications now include auto-update functionality, where updates are downloaded without sufficient integrity verification and applied to the previously trusted application. Attackers could potentially upload their own updates to be distributed and run on all installations.
"https://owasp.org/Top10/A08_2021-Software_and_Data_Integrity_Failures/"
"description": "Software and data integrity failures relate to code and infrastructure that does not protect against integrity violations. For example, where objects or data are encoded or serialized into a structure that an attacker can see and modify is vulnerable to insecure deserialization. Another form of this is where an application relies upon plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline can introduce the potential for unauthorized access, malicious code, or system compromise. Lastly, many applications now include auto-update functionality, where updates are downloaded without sufficient integrity verification and applied to the previously trusted application. Attackers could potentially upload their own updates to be distributed and run on all installations.",
"label": "Software and Data Integrity Failures",
"uuid": "b6d3b37e-2a87-4050-a75c-d9054e1dae7d"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The OADN Board of Directors is composed of a member elected President, President-Elect, Past-President, Secretary, Treasurer, six Directors, and a maximum of the two appointed Public Board Members. The Board works collaboratively with the Chief Executive Officer to support the mission and goals of the organization. Board members are individual members of OADN and are actively involved in associate degree nursing. Each Board member has defined roles and responsibilities, and acts as a liaison to various committees within the organization. The Board is accountable to the organization's membership.


text:
Parafia Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Skarżysku-Kamiennej – rzymskokatolicka parafia w Skarżysku-Kamiennej, należąca do dekanatu skarżyskiego w diecezji radomskiej.

Historia
 Klasztor ojców franciszkanów konwentualnych powstał staraniem prowincjała o. Anzelma Kubita. Kaplica murowana zbudowana została w latach 1936–1938, poświęcił ją bp Paweł Kubicki. W czasie II wojny światowej, w 1940, franciszkanie ze skarżyskiego domu zostali zamordowani przez Niemców za współpracę z organizacją konspiracyjną. Kaplica wówczas była przez pewien czas zamknięta. Po jej otwarciu pracował w niej najpierw kapłan diecezjalny, następnie franciszkanie, a od 1943 księżą diecezjalni. W 1945 franciszkanie ponownie zamieszkali w skarżyskim klasztorze i zaczęli sprawować opiekę duszpasterską w kaplicy. Parafia została erygowana 9 maja 1957 przez bpa Jana Kantego Lorka z wydzielonego terenu parafii pw. Najświętszego Serca Jezusowego w Skarżysku-Kamiennej i parafii Parszów. Przez wiele kolejnych lat władze komunistyczne nie pozwalały na budowę świątyni parafialnej.

Kościół
 Kościół pod wezwaniem Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny w Skarżysku-Kamiennej, według projektu arch. Józefa Barosa i konstruktora Stefana Goszczyńskiego, zbudowany w latach 1983–1987 staraniem parafian i ojców franciszkanów. Poświęcił go 9 maja 1987 bp Adam Odzimek. Konsekracji świątyni dokonał bp Zygmunt Zimowski 4 października 2007. Kościół jest zbudowany z cegły i kamienia.

Terytorium
 Na terenie parafii leżą ulice: 1 Maja, 3 Maja, Bilskiego, Bobowskich, Bazaltowa, Chłodna, Ciepła, Czerwonego Krzyża, Dobra, Fabryczna, Franciszkańska, Gierymskiego, Głogowa, Gołębia, Grzybowa, Jaskółcza, Jastrzębia, Kanarkowa, Kredytowa, Krucza, Krzemowa, Kościuszki, Langiewicza, Limanowskiego, Łyżwy, Marmurowa, Obywatelska, Ogólna, Ogrodnicza, Oleśnicka, Organizacji Orzeł Biały, Piaskowa, Piękna, Podjazdowa, Przechodnia, Przesmyk, Ptasia, Równoległa, Rynek, Rzemieślnicza, Rzeźniana, Skowronkowa, Słowikowa, Spacerowa, Staszica, Szarych Szeregów, Szczepanów, Średnia, Świeża, Towarowa, Wąska, Wesoła, Wiśniowa, Witwickich, Wschodnia, Wspólna, Zacisze, Żurawia oraz osadę Szczepanów.

Proboszczowie
 1957–1965 – o. Bogumił Talarek
 1965–1974 – o. Bogumił Niewczas
 1974–1980 – o. Kordian Orzechowski
 1980–1983 – o. Rajmund Mazur
 1983–1992 – o. Eugeniusz Wiraszka
 1992–1994 – o. Robert Fortgang
 1994–2000 – o. Andrzej Kuśmierski
 2000–2012 – o. Marek Zienkiewicz
 2012–2020 - o. Rafał Kołodziejski
 1 września 2020 - 2 stycznia 2021 - o. Krzysztof Świderek
 od 3 stycznia 2021 - o. Janusz Siwicki

Linki zewnętrzne
 Rocznik Diecezji Radomskiej – 2007
 Rocznik Diecezji Radomskiej - 2018,
 Parafia na portalu diecezji radomskiej

Parafie pod wezwaniem Niepokalanego Poczęcia Najświętszej Maryi Panny
Niepokalanego
Parafie franciszkanów konwentualnych

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Луций Валерий Флакк (; умер в 152 году до н. э.) — древнеримский политический деятель из патрицианского рода Валериев, консул 152 года до н. э., умерший до истечения полномочий.

Происхождение
Луций Валерий принадлежал к одному из самых знатных патрицианских родов Рима, представитель которого стал одним из основателей Римской республики и консулом в первый год её существования. Носители когномена Флакк (Flaccus) были с середины III по середину I вв. до н. э. наиболее могущественной ветвью Валериев (наряду с Мессалами).

Отец и дед Луция Валерия носили, согласно Капитолийским фастам, преномены Луций и Публий соответственно. Публий — это консул 227 года до н. э., а Луций-старший — друг Марка Порция Катона и его коллега по консулату 195 года и цензуре 184 года.

Биография
Первое упоминание о Луции Валерии в сохранившихся источниках относится к 163 году до н. э., когда он занимал должность курульного эдила совместно с Луцием Корнелием Лентулом Лупом. О дальнейших этапах его карьеры до консулата нет надёжных сведений. Возможно, он был претором в 160 или 159 году; эта гипотеза основывается на найденной около 1500 года посвятительной надписи из храма Эскулапа, которая, правда, сохранилась не полностью. В любом случае Луций Валерий должен был занимать претуру не позже 155 года до н. э. в соответствии с Законом Виллия, который предусматривал определённые временные интервалы между магистратурами.

В 152 году до н. э. Луций Валерий достиг высшей точки своей карьеры — стал консулом совместно с плебеем Марком Клавдием Марцеллом, для которого это был уже третий консулат. В связи с этим исследователи отмечают, что между Валериями Флакками и Клавдиями Марцеллами к тому моменту существовали старые дружеские связи. Луций Валерий мог быть обязан Марцеллу своими предыдущими карьерными успехами и, по-видимому, находился с ним в хороших отношениях. Поэтому жребий относительно распределения провинций консулы не бросали: провинция Ближняя Испания, в которой нужно было вести большую войну с кельтиберами, в соответствии со специальным постановлением сената или народного собрания была предоставлена Марцеллу. Последний отправился на Пиренеи, а Флакк остался в Риме. Ещё до истечения полномочий он умер. Выборы консула-суффекта так и не были назначены.

Потомки
У Луция Валерия было по крайней мере двое сыновей. Старший, носивший то же имя, занимал консульскую должность в 131 году до н. э. Младший, Гай Валерий, известен только как отец двух видных политиков I века до н. э.: Гая Валерия Флакка, консула 93 года, и Луция Валерия Флакка, консула-суффекта в 86 году.

Примечания

Источники и литература

Источники

Литература

Ссылки


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Category: Let's Talk About Books!
On 30 September 2018 30 September 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!, Monthly Wrap-Up2 Comments
I have blogged almost not at all this month, and while I wish I could have done more I feel okay with this. I'll talk about that more later — for now, let's get into what all I read in the last month!
Reads for September
Here's all I read in September:
That's Not What Happened by Kody Keplinger — 5 of 5 stars
Unbroken: 13 Stories Starring Disabled Teens anthology (ARC) — 4 of 5 stars
Zora & Me: The Cursed Ground by T. R. Simon — 5 of 5 stars
Skeleton Tree by Kim Ventrella — 5 of 5 stars
Black Panther: The Young Prince by Ronald L. Smith — 5 of 5 stars
Carrie by Stephen King — 5 of 5 stars
Sadie by Courtney Summers — 4.5 of 5 stars
Summer Bird Blue by Akemi Dawn Bowman — 5 of 5 stars
Salt by Hannah Moskowitz — 5 of 5 stars
One True Way by Shannon Hitchcock — 5 of 5 stars
Trans Teen Survival Guide by Owl and Fox Fisher (ARC) — 2 of 5 stars
You Don't Know Everything, Jilly P! by Alex Gino — 5 of 5 stars
Big Words Small Stories: The Missing Donut by Judith Henderson (ARC) — 5 of 5 stars
I Am Small by Qin Leng (ARC) — 5 of 5 stars
Sleep, Sheep! by Kerry Lyn Sparrow (ARC) — 5 of 5 stars
The Adventures of Wilhelm: A Rat's Tale by Maria Ritter (ARC) — 2 of 5 stars
The Spy With The Red Balloon by Katherine Locke (ARC) — 5 of 5 stars
Reading stats:
Number of books read: 17
Number of nonfiction books: 1
Number of ARCs: 7
Number of books by marginalized authors: ~11
Number of library books: 3
Number of books that WEREN'T part of my monthly TBR: 1
I am very happy with how well I stuck to my TBR this month! The only book I read that wasn't on my TBR was Carrie, which wass a reread for me as well, but I've made peace with it because I reread it for a special side project that will be completely worthwhile when I finish it.
I am less happy with my blogging and review-writing for this month — and by that I mean my lack thereof. I have a BUNCH of ARCs I need to review now, and I'm planning to put a concentrated effort on writing them in October!
On The Personal Side…
I turned 24 in September, and it has been a wild month ever since then. I got my driver's license the day after my birthday, somehow passing my test on the first try. Despite it being almost three weeks since I got my license, I've only driven by myself twice in the meantime, and only about a mile away both times. I still feel a bit awkward driving places by myself and I'm working on building my confidence up, but I'm working on it. Also, because I'm in Oregon I was able to get an "X" gender marker on my license! I've been waiting to change my gender marker since that option was legalized literally days after I got my learner permit, and it feels really satisfying to have it be a reality for me now.
The Monday after my birthday, I said goodbye to my job of the last four years (which I already miss a ton), and on Wednesday of that week I started my new job as a high school librarian! I really lucked out on all fronts with that job — it came at exactly the time I needed it to, the people are great, and I'm doing pretty much exactly what I want to be doing with quite a bit of control, and I really love it. The only thing that could be better is the pay, but I'm getting paid a little more than I was at my old job and I have more than double the hours, and I'll be able to live with it. For my first post-college job, I am really lucky with what I got.
I feel like I've been thrown into growing up faster this month, and I surprisingly feel pretty okay with this. It's been cutting into my free time (and my blogging time) and it's been overwhelming at times, but I feel things starting to mellow and level out as the days go by. Things feel like they're starting to come together for me, and while I still have quite a ways to go I'm feeling much better about the way things are going for me. Things are looking up!
Also, if you like my content, there are new ways in which you can support me now!
The best way to support me is by becoming a Patron on my new Patreon page! My Patrons will be receiving lots of bookish and cat-related content from me and my cat, Coco, so please check it out! We really appreciate it!
https://www.patreon.com/librarybenni
If you'd prefer one-time or occasional donations, that's okay too! I have both a Ko-fi and a Paypal.me set up, and you are welcome to use either, if you wish! (Coco had a $450 vet bill in September and I'm struggling a little with paying it off, so a little extra help would be VERY appreciated.)
http://ko-fi.com/librarybenni
http://paypal.me/librarybenni
Rather support me with items rather than with cash? I have an Amazon wishlist, too! There are both fun things and necessities on this list, and I'd love to receive any of them!
http://a.co/arrvEe3
The last couple months have been kind of rough, so I really appreciate any support I can get!
How was your September? What are you looking forward to in October?
On 3 September 2018 2 September 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!Leave a comment
Oh, do I have preorders this month! I actually have several physical books for September, which is quite a change from the rest of the year. Usually I have trouble telling myself to get ebooks instead of physical books, but I've been pretty good at buying ebooks this year. I think I have a good mix this month, and I'm excited.
Here are my September picks!
Sadie by Courtney Summers
Image of book cover from Goodreads
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/1250105714
I have heard so many amazing things about this book! (Check out my friend Taylor's review here!) Several people I trust have been squealing about this one, and so I'm excited for it as well.
Soft on Soft by Em Ali
Cover placeholder from Goodreads
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Soft-Em-Ali-ebook/dp/B07GL135XS/
Cats? Anxiety? Queer fluffy romance? Yes, please! I love Em, and I'm really excited to read zir new book!
Summer Bird Blue by Akemi Dawn Bowman
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Summer-Bird-Blue-Akemi-Bowman/dp/1481487752/
My birthday book for this year. 🙂 I loved Bowman's first book, so this one was an easy choice for me. (Also, how gorgeous is that cover?)
You Don't Know Everything, Jilly P! by Alex Gino
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/You-Dont-Know-Everything-Jilly-ebook/dp/B078TJPKYN/
After GEORGE, I am super excited for Gino's next release! Deaf rep in books, especially middle grade, is also a big draw for me.
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Absolutely-Remarkable-Thing-Novel-ebook/dp/B0796DR2XV/
Hank Green's debut strikes me as odd and quirky, and I'm intrigued. I've heard good things about this one so far, so I hope it lives up to expectations!
A Blade So Black by L.L. McKinney
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Blade-So-Black-L-L-McKinney/dp/1250153905/
I'm a sucker for Alice in Wonderland stories, and this urban fantasy retelling sounds amazing. And that cover is perfect.
What September releases are you excited for?
On 1 September 2018 1 September 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!, Monthly TBRLeave a comment
Remember how I said that I usually don't do TBRs? I found last month's TBR so helpful that I'm going to try to keep doing them for a while! I don't know if I'll keep this up indefinitely, but I have a LOT of books to read and this has at least been helping me stay organized.
I'm looking at my TBR not as a to-do list but as a menu of options I can choose from to read. I think that's taking the pressure off of me quite a bit — and it allows me to not feel quite so guilty for not finishing every single book I have on my list.
August TBR Stats
Pile 1: #SummerOfPLL Reads
Amount completed: 6/9
Carrying over: 0
Pile 2: Library Books
Pile 3: ARC August!
Amount completed: 5/18
Carrying over: 12
Non-TBR Books Read: 1 (not including the ARC I read before I made my TBR)
I finished all of my library books! I also finished all of the main Pretty Little Liars books, but did not get to the companion ones and I've made my peace with that. The ARCs did not get the attention they needed in August, so they're getting bumped forward to September!
September's TBR
Pile 1: New Books
I have a lot of books that I've preordered or purchased while they were discounted on Amazon and haven't read this year, and I feel really bad because I really want to read them. So, my first target area for September is filled with them!
Pride Must Be A Place by Kevin Craig
Down and Across by Arvin Ahmadi
Never Always Sometimes by Adi Alsaid
The Strange Fascinations of Noah Hypnotic by David Arnold
The Summer of Us by Cecilia Vinesse
Learning to Breathe by Janice Lynn Mather
Dumplin' by Julie Murphy
#murdertrending by Gretchen McNeil
If Only by Jennifer Gilmore
To Be Honest by Maggie Ann Martin
The Apocalypse of Elena Mendoza by Shaun David Hutchinson
Highly Illogical Behavior by John Corey Whaley
Life Inside My Mind anthology
Not the Girls You're Looking For by Aminah Mae Safi
The Poppy War by R.F. Kuang
Fawkes by Nadine Brandes
Lovely, Dark, and Deep by Justina Chen
Little & Lion by Brandy Colbert
That's Not What Happened by Kody Keplinger
Pile 2: ARCs
This pile has two parts: the ARCs that I'm carrying over from August, and the ARCs that are new to the September pile.
Sub-pile: Carryover ARCs
Disbanded Kingdom by Polis Loizou
Rules of the Ruff by Heidi Lang
Love Letters to Jane's World by Paige Braddock
The Adventures of Wilhelm: A Rat's Tale by Maria Ritter
The Splintered Light by Ginger Johnson
Big Words Small Stories: The Missing Donut by Judith Henderson
The Ghost Road by Charis Cotter
Zora and Me: The Cursed Ground by T.R. Simon
Unbroken Anthology
Black Diamond Fall by Joseph Olshan
Trans Teen Survival Guide by Owl Fisher and Fox Fisher
Sub-pile: New ARCs
Sleep, Sheep! by Kerry Sparrow
I am Small by Qin Leng
How to Read Donald Duck by Ariel Dorfman and Armand Mattelart
Hearts Unbroken by Cynthia Leitich Smith
Unwritten by Tara Gilboy
Histories of the Transgender Child by Julian Gill-Peterson
The Spy With The Red Balloon by Katherine Locke
Salt by Hannah Moskowitz
The Chaos of Now by Erin Jade Lange
You know that thing where you finish all of your library books and go to the library to return them and then somehow walk out carrying more library books? Yep, I did that. It's okay, though — libraries are GOOD!
One True Way by Shannon Hitchcock
Book Scavenger: The Unbreakable Code by Jennifer Chambliss Bertman
The Skeleton Tree by Kim Ventrella
Black Panther: The Young Prince by Ronald L. Smith
The 57 Bus by Dashka Slater
Awakening: How Gays and Lesbians Brought Marriage Equality to America by Nathaniel Frank
Do I think there's any possible way I'm going to finish all of these in September? Pfft, no… There are 53 books on this list! My goal is to try to give myself options while still reading the books I actually need to read, and I think this does that, right?
What are you hoping to read in September?
August Wrap-up!
On 1 September 2018 1 September 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!, Monthly Wrap-UpLeave a comment
I am tired! I haven't felt like blogging too much this last month, and I've tried not to pressure myself into it because I had a lot going on. I still got lots of reading, done, though!
Reads for August
Here's all I read in August:
A Dark and Twisting Path by Julia Buckley (ARC) — 4 of 5 stars
Stunning by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
How to Be Miserable by Randy J. Paterson — 4 of 5 stars
Finding Yvonne by Brandy Colbert — 5 of 5 stars
Burned by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu by Joshua Hammer — 4 of 5 stars
Crushed by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner by Scott Cunningham — 2 of 5 stars
Darius the Great is Not Okay by Adib Khorram (ARC) — 5 of 5 stars — review here!
Deadly by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
Archie: Volume One by Mark Waid, Fiona Staples, Annie Wu, and Veronica Fish — 4 of 5 stars
Toxic by Sara Shepard — 1 of 5 stars
Wicca's Charm by Catherine Edwards Sanders — 1 of 5 stars
Vicious by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
This Book is Overdue! by Marilyn Johnson — 4 of 5 stars
Harbor Me by Jacqueline Woodson (ARC) — 5 of 5 stars
Book Scavenger by Jennifer Chambliss Bertman — 5 of 5 stars
The Librarian's Book of Quotes by Tatyana Eckstrand — 5 of 5 stars
Dream Country by Shannon Gibney (ARC) — 4 of 5 stars
How to Speak Cat by Aline Alexander Newman (ARC) — 4.5 of 5 stars
Like Never and Always by Ann Aguirre (ARC) — 4 of 5 stars
Number of books by marginalized authors: ~4
I did a REALLY good job of sticking to my TBR this month! The only book that wasn't on my TBR that I read was a book I preordered, so I'm okay with this. I AM frustrated at how sticking so close to my TBR this month caused me to read so few books by marginalized authors. I do recognize that by having a large chunk of my reading dedicated to #SummerOfPLL I already set myself up to read fewer marginalized authors, and I'm also seeing that the library books I'm picking up are also pretty white, abled, and non-queer. Maybe this is why I felt like I enjoyed fewer books overall that I read this month than I usually do. I'll need to be more aware of this in the future.
I'm still exercising more, which is nice. My pool is shutting down for maintenance for the next three weeks, which sucks, but I'm so far still planning to go back after they reopen late in September. I've also been zooming through levels in Pokémon Go, although I stopped to do a raid on a city lawn and my Fitbit lost a fight with a sprinkler earlier in the month so I had to get a new one… I love this weather right now, and I'm really going to miss it when it's gone.
I have a driving test scheduled at the DMV for the day after my birthday this month! If all goes well, I SHOULD get my license and I'll be able to actually use my car to go get groceries! That's all I want. To be able to drive to the grocery store and back. That's it. That's all I need.
#ARCAugust was a bit of a bust, so I'll be moving quite a bit of ARCs on my TBR over to my September TBR. I decided that I'm going to try to keep having a TBR each month for a while just to see how it goes. I'll have a post up about my September TBR pretty soon.
If you'd prefer one-time or occasional donations, that's okay too! I have both a Ko-fi and a Paypal.me set up, and you are welcome to use either, if you wish! (I have a rather large vet bill coming up for Coco next month, so a little extra help would be VERY appreciated.)
How was your August? Any fun plans for September? Let's talk in the comments!
August (and July!) Preorders!
On 6 August 2018 6 August 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!Leave a comment
I forgot to make a preorders post for my July preorders, so I'm just going to do both here in one post! And my August preorders aren't even on my August TBR… Oy. (I've been good about preordering ebooks instead of physical books, though, so at least I'm not taking up more physical shelf space.)
Anyway, here are my July picks!
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Fawkes-Novel-Nadine-Brandes-ebook/dp/B077CXZGHB/
I need more dark magic books, and this one looks really, really good. I have high hopes.
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/If-Only-Jennifer-Gilmore-ebook/dp/B071JLP74C/
The narrative structure of this is intriguing, and I really love teen pregnancy books for some reason, so I'm excited!
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Lovely-Dark-Deep-Justina-Chen-ebook/dp/B0756KZPPF/
This cover is lovely, and I'm really intrigued by the photosensitivity rep. I hope it's good.
And here are my August picks!
Finding Yvonne by Brandy Colbert
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/gp/product/B0785LQ7NH/
This book has the teen pregnancy storyline that I love AND it combines it with another one of my favorites: teen musicians. I can't wait.
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/MurderTrending-Gretchen-McNeil-ebook/dp/B077XMXRN6/
I first heard of this book through a library webinar, and I was instantly intrigued. I hope it's a little bit scary. I like scary stuff!
Our Stories, Our Voices Anthology
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Our-Stories-Voices-Injustice-Empowerment-ebook/dp/B075RSWTSY/
I really love essays, and this anthology has them from some of my very favorites. Yes, please!
Amazon: https://smile.amazon.com/Be-Honest-Maggie-Ann-Martin-ebook/dp/B078X23DCX/
This book has been all over my timeline on Twitter lately, and I'm really excited about it. I hope it's as good as people have been saying it is!
Are you preordering anything this month? Let's talk in the comments!
August To-Read List!
On 5 August 2018 1 September 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!, Monthly TBR6 Comments
I don't usually do to-read lists because I'm kind of a mood reader and tend to throw these lists out the window, BUT I have a few distinct piles of books that I need to read and I want to make sure I touch upon all of them. I have LOTS to read, and I think that listing out what I'm hoping to read this month will help!
The first half of #SummerOfPLL is over, and I've surprised myself by staying on course with this for an entire month without reading anything early or late. At all. Which is very Not Me. So, despite that the second half of this series so far is DEFINITELY going downhill when the first half wasn't anything particularly special to begin with, I'm determined to keep on track through August, too! Here's my PLL reading list for August:
Alison's Pretty Little Diary
Pretty Little Secrets
Ali's Pretty Little Lies
So, while volunteering at the library I spent about 6 hours over the last couple weeks shelving nonfiction books… And I KIND OF usually find a lot of stuff I want to read while I'm shelving things… So… I KIND OF checked out a giant pile of library books at once… Good job, me! Here's my library book pile:
The Bad-Ass Librarians of Timbuktu by Joshua Hammer
Wicca: A Guide for the Solitary Practitioner by Scott Cunningham
The Librarian's Book of Quotes complied by Tatyana Eckstrand
This Book is Overdue! How Librarians and Cybrarians Can Save Us All by Marilyn Johnson
How To Be Miserable: 40 Strategies You Already Use by Randy J. Paterson, PhD
Book Scavenger by Jennifer Chambliss Bertman
Wicca's Charm: Understanding the Spiritual Hunger Behind the Rise of Modern Witchcraft and Pagan Spirituality by Catherine Edwards Sanders
Archie: Volume One by Mark Waid, Fiona Staples, Annie Wu, and Veronica Fish
Since it's August and I have A VERY LARGE NUMBER OF UNREAD ARCS, I'm going to make a concentrated effort to catch up on as many of them as possible this month! Here's all of the unread ARCs I have that have a release date in September or earlier (not all of my ARCs, though… Good luck, me):
Harbor Me by Jacqueline Wilson
Darius The Great Is Not Okay by Adib Khorram
Dream Country by Shannon Gibney
How To Speak Cat by National Geographic Kids
Like Never And Always by Ann Aguirre
Scream Site by Justina Ireland
Considering that my total August TBR is now at 35 books, I have NO illusions about actually finishing all of these things this month. Ideally, though, I would at least like to get through a large chunk of them (and I know that some will take me longer to review than they will to read, as a few of my ARCs are picture books). I feel that this list at least puts me in a good starting place for getting many of the books I actually NEED to read… well, read!
What's on YOUR reading list for August? Let me know in the comments!
July Wrap-up!
On 4 August 2018 4 August 2018 By BenniIn Let's Talk About Books!, Monthly Wrap-UpLeave a comment
July was a great month for reading, but not so much for blogging… I participated in the #24in48 Readathon and read a whopping 15 books in one weekend, which is more than I've been averaging PER MONTH all year, and the #SummerOfPLL readalong has also boosted my reading, so I've got QUITE a list of books I read last month.
Reads for July
Here's all I read in July:
Pretty Little Liars by Sara Shepard — 4 of 5 stars
The Seven Husbands of Evelyn Hugo by Taylor Jenkins Reid — 5 of 5 stars
Flawless by Sara Shepard — 3 of 5 stars
The Astonishing Color of After by Emily X.R. Pan — 5 of 5 stars
Perfect by Sara Shepard — 3 of 5 stars
Unbelievable by Sara Shepard — 3 of 5 stars
Maudlin Towers: Curse of the Werewolf Boy by Christ Priestley (ARC) — 4 of 5 stars — review here!
Wicked by Sara Shepard — 3 of 5 stars
Killer by Sara Shepard — 3 of 5 stars
Heartless by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
Ghost Boys by Jewell Parker Rhodes — 5 of 5 stars
The Girl Who Loved Tom Gordon by Stephen King — 4 of 5 stars
Trapped in Death Cave by Bill Wallace — 3 of 5 stars
A Study in Scarlet by Arthur Conan Doyle — 4 of 5 stars
Summer of Salt by Katrina Leno — 4 of 5 stars
Nice Try, Jane Sinner by Lianne Oelke — 5 of 5 stars
1984 by George Orwell — 3 of 5 stars
Dear Rachel Maddow by Adrienne Kisner — 5 of 5 stars
From a Buick 8 by Stephen King — 3 of 5 stars
Wild Beauty by Anna-Marie McLemore — 4 of 5 stars
Lizzie by Dawn Ius — 4 of 5 stars
When Dimple Met Rishi by Sandhya Menon — 5 of 5 stars
The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald — 4 of 5 stars
From Twinkle, With Love by Sandhya Menon — 5 of 5 stars
The Outsider by Stephen King — 5 of 5 stars
Wanted by Sara Shepard — 4 of 5 stars
Twisted by Sara Shepard — 1 of 5 stars
The Cats Came Back by Sofie Kelly (ARC) — 4 of 5 stars
Ruthless by Sara Shepard — 2 of 5 stars
Nevermoor: The Trials of Morrigan Crow by Jessica Townsend — 5 of 5 stars
Number of library books: 11
Considering that I only read 11 books in June, I am SHOCKED by the number of books I managed to read in July. I wish I could have had more marginalized authors in my reading last month, but a third of my reading was from #SummerOfPLL and I made a concentrated effort to complete or work on some of my DayZero reading goals during #24in48, so I'm not that surprised. I'll just need to work on that a little harder.
I've surprisingly been exercising regularly this month! I've been going to yoga classes and water exercise classes, and I've actually been enjoying them and looking forward to going. This is weird because I usually hate exercise! I think it probably helps that the temperature has been pretty regularly close to 95 degrees Fahrenheit for most of the month, so going to the indoor pool has felt like a treat. I haven't been swimming in ages, but I've been really happy that I've been going.
I also have been driving my car! For how weird getting a car on a short timeline in an unconventional way while still not having my license is, I am really happy that I have my car because I just really love it. I've only found one downside to this situation: walking past my car to go to the bus to get groceries, and then walking past my car again with an armload of grocery bags. I take the bus to work and back almost every single day and that doesn't bother me, but the grocery thing is mildly irritating. I'm getting better at driving, though, and while I usually don't get to practice more than once a week I've actually gotten to practice three times this week! I'm getting much better, and I'm happy with my progress.
I've got at LOT of ARCs on my plate (again) and because I did a poor job of reading ARCs in July, I'm going to be doing #ARCAugust this month in an attempt to catch back up again! We'll see how that goes — I've got a lot to read!


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Home > Low Power-High Performance > Die-To-Die Stress Becomes A Major Issue
Die-To-Die Stress Becomes A Major Issue
Advanced nodes and packaging are turning minor issues into major ones.
January 14th, 2021 - By: Ann Steffora Mutschler
Stress is becoming more critical to identify and plan for at advanced nodes and in advanced packages, where a simple mismatch can impact performance, power, and the reliability of a device throughout its projected lifetime.
In the past, the chip, package, and board in a system generally were designed separately and connected through interfaces from the die to the package, and from the package to the board. But there are so many connections and possible interactions these days that it's no longer possible to work in isolation. Each of these is a potential source of stress, and they can compound as designs become more integrated and complex.
"There are no longer a few hundred connections in the interface," said Sooyong Kim, director and product specialist in 3D-IC chip package systems and multiphysics at Ansys. "There are millions upon millions of bump connections these days, from one die to another. And the materials being used may come from different foundries, and different packaging groups, bringing all kinds of heterogeneous input into the picture."
Stress adds a whole new layer of complexity to this equation, and it is forcing some fundamental changes in the chain of responsibility. "This used to be the off-chip engineer's job," Kim said. "Now it's the silicon engineer's job. A lot of parts are being siliconized, and because of that, there are different approaches needed to analyze mechanical problems due to these tight integrations. Those tight integrations also impact performance and drive up the heat easily. Originally, this was an electrical problem. Then it became a heat problem. Now it is a mechanical problem. However, this mechanical problem affects the electrical problem, which affects the heat inside the chip, and so on, in a complex cycle of multiphysics."
Strain and stress fall under the law of elasticity, or Hooke's Law, which states that for relatively small deformations of an object — like a semiconductor device — the displacement or size of the deformation is directly proportional to the deforming force or load. Under these conditions, the object returns to its original shape and size when the load is removed.
"When we talk about stress inside the IC, maybe 10 years ago, people would bring up the concept of strained silicon," explained CT Kao, solution architect in the Digital & Signoff Group at Cadence. "Strained silicon inside the transistor pulls the silicon atom apart. The silicon layers are sitting on a silicon germanium layer, and those atoms are pushed apart when silicon is deposited on top of the silicon germanium. This increases the electrical mobility, bringing good effects, and reducing some obstacles. In this way, stress is of a mechanical, thermal, and force origin."
In the early years of CMOS, these effects largely could be controlled by design rules. Transistor sizes were large enough that by controlling the spacing and enclosures within the active and well regions, the influences were negligible. Now, with semiconductor design and manufacturing in single-digit nanometer processes, these effects are showing themselves in ways that are less easily avoided. When stresses are applied to a transistor, they modify carrier motilities, which changes electrical behavior. Those stresses often take the form of medium-range geometrical configurations within the chip.
"With the end of Dennard scaling, foundries continue to look for ways to boost the performance of transistors," Yves Laplanche, distinguished engineer, Physical Design Group at Arm noted. "The use of mobility enhancement techniques based on stress engineering has become widely used. These techniques are either directly focusing on the channel and Source/Drain material, like the use of Germanium to change the lattice structure or involve specific process steps that induce stress on the transistors from their surroundings. This is the case for Stress Memorization Techniques (SMT) or in the selection of specific Contact Edge Stop Layers (CESL). In these cases, the environment of the device on which the stress is applied will greatly influence the efficiency of these techniques and varies with the favor of the device; NMOS and PMOS, for instance, can have opposite behaviors. With FinFET technologies and small geometries in the 7nm and 5nm nodes, the relative influence range of the variations increases."
Causes of stress
For example, the distance between a transistor and the edge of the well can create stresses that result in incorrect electrical simulations. These layout issues impact not only the chip-level design but even the IP block levels.
"Consider, for example, a chip in which an IP block is placed multiple times. When simulated in standalone mode, the IP block may pass with flying colors, but in context, each placement creates different behavior because of the different stresses applied by the surrounding elements. Another example is an analog block, for which symmetry matching is critical to correct performance. The standalone circuit may behave as ideally symmetrical, but in context, one component may experience different stresses from its mirrored twin, thus destroying the intended symmetrical behavior," explained John Ferguson, product marketing director, Calibre DRC applications at Siemens EDA.
Indeed, at the physical IP development stage, stress effects are both a challenge and an opportunity. "In memory macros or analog blocks, the layout and vicinity of all devices can be closely controlled. On the opposite side of the spectrum, in the logic libraries, the surrounding of each standard cell can change. Specifically, Place and Route tools can create one combination of cells out of an almost infinite number of possibilities. In the design of physical IP at Arm, the stress effects are thoroughly analyzed and accounted for in the definition of the architecture to maintain the potential performance variations within a defined set of boundaries without compromising the area of the full system. The remaining variations are considered in the electrical modeling of our IP designs. Judicious implementation choices enable performance differentiation to target the power, performance, and area (PPA) required by the market," Arm's Laplanche explained.
Certain factors are bigger causes of stress than others. Chips are getting bigger, and they often are packaged on a wafer, such as in TSMC's silicon on wafer (SoW) approach. "If you look at a picture of it, the real wafer after it is generated, but before being bonded to a die, is actually noticeably bent," said Ansys' Kim. "How are you going to handle that? When this happens, the electrical properties will change. Does it bond at all? Is it a different material? Understanding the silicon process is now critically important, and conventional mechanical engineers don't know the silicon processes. But without knowing that, you can't really do a proper analysis."
All of this has an impact on reliability. "If it's SoW, it's a very power-hungry chip, and depending on where it is applied, the application can be very demanding. For example, if it's doing display processing, there may be clustered current coming into the subset area of the microbumps. Is that a sustainable heat source compared to the structural readiness of that 3D IC structure? That's another problem. After it is manufactured, and when it is used in the end application, does it hold? Sometimes there's a meltdown in between," Kim explained.
Strain engineering adds yet another complication. Strain is a type of stress that is applied to silicon to improve electron mobility. But too much strain can cause problems, such as cracks in the interconnect, Over time, at increasingly smaller nodes, these issues can increase in intensity.
"When new things pop up, initially, people tend to cover it with crude approximation such as first-order effects," said Victor Moroz, a Synopsys fellow in the Silicon Engineering Group. "Usually that comes down to buffering, where another buffer is created to make sure you're set for the worst condition. But this means some performance is being left on the table. Eventually, this gets refined to include second-order effects in order to not waste anything."
Dark silicon concepts can be useful here, where blocks or transistors are powered down until they are needed. "If you use all the transistors at the same time, it's definitely going to melt. You have to make your circuits lazy enough. On-chip monitors can be used here to sense the temperature as you go, and then, if overheating is detected, it just slows everything down," Moroz said.
Chips are heating up
Heat is another cause of stress, and it's a problem that has been steadily increasing with more transistor density and more compute intensity, particularly in AI chips where the goal of many architectures is higher utilization of processing elements.
"A large die may have localized hot spots due to more active device switching," said Siemens' Ferguson. "These hotspots change the stress profile across the chip. The heat issue is even more concerning in the multi-die world. One die stacked on top of another needs a longer path to dissipate its heat. As it disperses its own heat, it adds some of that heat to the die below, which imparts new stresses on that chip's transistors that must be accounted for."
Thermal mismatch due to varying coefficients of thermal expansion makes this much more complicated. "When you heat up a structure that consists of several materials, different materials expand and contract at different rates," said Moroz. "Usually, the metals expand more with temperature and shrink more as you cool down, compared to dielectric for semiconductors, and that's what creates the stress of the interfaces there."
Fig. 1: Transient behavior of heating and cooling at different thermal contacts of a thermal resistor for two different package types. Source: Synopsys
Addressing this challenge requires the addition of temperature simulation, not just of the chip, but of the entire package. Accurately designing and characterizing the electrical behavior of any given transistor requires context, including the package, the input power, and the switching across the whole system. While this is possible, it also can be impractical. The alternative is designing soft IP for use in such a way that its use will be safe in virtually any context. Similarly, chiplets must be safe to insert into all sorts of packages, Ferguson said.
This is difficult, however, when self-heating is involved. "If you have self-heating, then you might have mobility changes, but that's negligible. The self-heating is not big enough to change mobility much, although it may degrade the transistor performance by a few percent. However, it also accelerates the aging process in transistors, like NBTI (negative-bias temperature instability) threshold shift, which slows down the circuit because of accelerated aging," Moroz noted.
Packaging considerations
Packaging is a big part of the strain/stress discussion. In considering various packaging strategies there is a wide range of choices, starting from inexpensive options, which have poor thermal conductivity qualities.
"Given that silicon is a fairly good thermal conductor, it spreads heat well, but a bottleneck is introduced with a cheap package to radiate the heat outside," Moroz said. "Inside, everything is going to be the same temperature because silicon is a better thermal conductor than a cheap package. There are more expensive packages that you probably cannot afford to use in something like a mobile application, which is more suited to a high-performance computing application. Those packages would be able to radiate 10 times or 20 times more heat than cheaper packages. That changes the picture, as well, and has to be factored in."
Commercial tools and solutions from the leading EDA tool providers are helping designers figure out how to account for this.
Further, once the package becomes a better heat conductor, it removes the bottleneck of the package but also makes other things more complicated. "Specifically, there are then non-uniform temperatures inside the package. Wherever you have a hotspot, it gets radiated outside. But the temperature inside is not uniform, so you also have to take care of that," he said.
There are stresses just putting the packages together. But as more packages are customized, those stresses become more difficult to identify. So detailed models need to be constructed, but those models quickly can balloon in size.
"As the industry continues to evolve from the historic Moore's Law model and expand to a chiplet world, we get a new set of sources of stress. TSVs, bumps, BGAs, and stacked devices all contribute more stress to a design," said Ferguson. "Historically, packaging solutions could consider some of these stress impacts, but they did so without knowledge of the location or intended electrical behavior of the transistors. That approach results in either over-constraining the advanced package, impacting the total size or cost of the completed design, or in designs that don't function properly (due to the induced stresses being ignored). While capturing these stresses is possible with historic approaches, the compute requirement to do so is too large to be practical for designs with millions or even billions of transistors. An alternative approach is the use of dedicated compact models that can be applied to get much more accurate results within reasonable compute times."
While tools and solutions are still evolving to address stress from the chip level all the way to the system level, engineering teams can take some steps now in an effort to preclude problems later.
"Previously, design engineers only verified after they built something," said Ansys' Kim. "But that concept is no longer valid because architecturally, the structure is very complex already without making decisions upfront, and they will fail down the road. For this reason, it is very important to come up with a good methodology in the prototyping flow or architecture flow, and run 'what if' scenarios before having the design done."
Ferguson agreed. "The whole topic of stress impacts represents an entirely new level of optimization that is going to be required more and more as the industry continues down Moore's Law, as well as toward a chiplet-based economy. Components must be characterized for stresses and heat across multiple corners. Integration tools must be able to make informed decisions on placements based on those parameters. And while the industry is actively gearing for this in several directions, it's clear there's still plenty of work to do."
The starting point is what caused the stress in the first place. "With stress, we need to look at the physics, we need to look at what caused the stress," said Cadence's Kao. "When people see the wafer bowing up and down, they see the deformation, they see the strain, they measure the strain. Then, they look at the case of wafers. It's not due to a force pulling down the spring. It's due to the temperature elevation, and to the multiple materials inside the wafer, shrinking and expanding at different rates. That's what caused the strain, and the stress. When we look at the problem, we see the effect, then we try and find out the cause. Then we fix the adverse effect. Inside the chip, all the stress there will cause breakdown, failure, or separation. At the end of the day, materials, manufacturing, and EDA design tools must all come together to solve this challenge."
Wrestling With Variation In Advanced Node Designs
Margin is no longer effective, so now the problem has to be solved on the design side.
How Chips Age
Are current methodologies sufficient for ensuring that chips will function as expected throughout their expected lifetimes?
Tags: advanced packaging ANSYS BGAs bumps Cadence Cadence Design Systems coefficient of thermal expansion CTE Hooke's Law interconnect Mentor Moore's law Siemens EDA silicon on wafer strain stress Synopsys TSMC TSVs
Ann Steffora Mutschler
Ann Steffora Mutschler is executive editor at Semiconductor Engineering.
Through-Silicon Vias (TSVs)


Singapore -- Both the Buddha and Jesus are among the most influential of history's religious teachers. While watching the movie, I couldn't help comparing both. Please read the following with an open mind.
While Jesus is supposed to have died for us at about 33, the Buddha lived for all...till he was 80. While Jesus taught for about 3 and a half years, the Buddha taught for about 45 years. While the image of Jesus that commonly comes to mind is that of him suffering injustice on the cross, the common image of the Buddha is that of him smiling in calm meditation under the Bodhi Tree.
While Jesus suffered greatly in his last 12 hours(as portrayed in the movie) to save all, the Buddha practised extreme asceticism for about 6 years to seek the solution to suffering for all beings. Shunning proper food and emaciated to barely skin and bones and almost died. Furthermore, the Buddha went through immeasurable hardships in many past lives to perfect his compassion and wisdom. It is said that the blood that the Buddha has bled for other beings as Buddhisatta is deeper than the deepest ocean.
The is a common "3L" argument that Jesus is either Liar, Lunatic, or Lord, for voluntarily letting himself be subjected to the great pain he went through, sacrificing himself. Since it is unlikely that he is a Liar or a Lunatic, he must be Lord, representative of the greatest love possible? If this line of reasoning holds fast, how does it apply to Lord Buddha and his countless acts of selfless compassion?
There is greatness in all religions in their own ways, which is why they can inspire so many lives for the better. Let us always keep an open mind in the spirit of harmonious inter-religious dialogue and understanding.
May all religions benefit all beings unconditionally. May all be well and happy !


Mother of Pearl is a protection and stress relieving stone; a symbol of feminine wisdom and purity. By bringing the gentle healing power of the sea, Mother of Pearl stimulates our intuition, imagination, sensitivity, and adaptability. It helps our emotions become more harmonious and balanced.


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How will the Supreme Court's new rule barring the government from refusing offensive trademarks affect the marketplace?
Posted on February 27, 2018Manisha ReddyCategories The Marketplace
Manisha Reddy
Loyola University Chicago School of Law, J.D. 2019
On June 19, 2017, the Supreme Court, in an 8-0 ruling, found that the government can no longer sensor trademarks on the grounds that they may be offensive. In Matal v. Tam, the Supreme Court Justices found the seventy-one year old rule allowing the government to refuse offensive trademarks to be unconstitutional and to violate free speech and first amendment rights. The justices were unable to agree on exactly what legal standard was to apply to the present case or future cases. The revocation of this seventy-one year old rule that has affected the registration of many marks over the years is bound to have an effect on the future of trademark law and trademark litigation. Immediately following the Supreme Court's decision, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) was inundated with requests to register offensive trademarks.
Supreme Court's Ruling
The ruling came out of a USPTO case where the office refused to register a band's name, "citing a law that denied trademarks that disparage individuals, institutions, beliefs or national symbols." An Asian-American rock band, The Slants, filed a lawsuit against the USPTO after they refused to register their band name; a federal court sided with the band. But the USPTO then sued to avoid being compelled to register the trademark ("mark"). The Supreme Court eventually found in favor of the band and ruled that the USPTO could not refuse to register the mark because they considered it to be offensive. Supreme Court Justice Samuel Alito said that "the disparagement clause violates the First Amendment's Free Speech Clause [and] contrary to the Government's contention, trademarks are private, not government speech." The government argued that the law did not infringe on free speech rights because the band was still free to use "The Slants" name even without trademark protection. Trademark protection affords registrants the ability to give the public notice about the mark, the exclusive right to use the mark nationwide to distribute goods and services, the ability to prevent fake goods from coming in, and the ability to bring legal action for infringement, among other rights. The Slants argued that it is not for the government to decide who deserves protection and who does not.
Previous Cases
In a similar case three years before this ruling the Washington Redskins made a similar argument. In 2104, the USPTO cancelled the Washington Redskin's trademark arguing that the name offends Native Americans. The trademark office raised no concerns about the Redskins mark and continued to renew the registration in 1967, 1974, 1978 and 1990, but then the office canceled the registration in 2014. The cancellation of their registration meant that the Redskins would now be afforded limited legal protection when other entities or people used the name and logo without permission. The Redskins then sued the USPTO and the case was put on hold until The Slants decision. After The Slants decision came out the team made a statement that "the Supreme Court vindicated the Team's position that the First Amendment blocks the government from denying or canceling a trademark registration based on the government's opinion."
This landmark decision in The Slants case is likely to open the floodgates to evaluate older rules and reevaluate public and private rights. The cases discussed above illustrate the huge stakes involved with losing federal trademark protection. Registration of a trademark by the USPTO makes it easier for a party to assert legal protection against others who try to use the mark. Additionally, trademark registration provides notice nationwide of the ownership of the mark and prevents others from registering confusingly similar marks. The U.S. Code also includes a prohibition on trademarks for immoral and scandalous material; this rule was not addressed in the Supreme Court's decision in The Slants case. This leaves the door open for future registration refusals on similar grounds that the Supreme Court just ruled was a violation of our first amendment rights. While The Slants case was pending the USPTO refused to register several marks that could be considered immoral and scandalous material. Since The Slants case, the Supreme Court has made no further comments on those rulings and have continued to issue refusals on those grounds. It seems that the USPTO still has the authority to refuse to register marks for similar reasons that The Slant case was meant to overturn. It will be a waiting game to see how the Supreme Court addresses this issue in the future.
Tags complianceJournal of Regulatory ComplianceRegulationrulemakingTrademarkUSPTO


With an attempt to create a new active outdoor space for people comfortably enjoy at anytime of the year, The COMMONS, located on Thonglor Soi 17 is a lifestyle mall filled with over 10 well-known restaurants and cafés, spanning across four levels in Bangkok.
Being open-air, it's well-ventilated and you will not feel the humid heat as there are huge fans installed on the top of the building. With its aesthetical appearance, it's not surprising to see visitors posing for that perfect shot in this beautiful community mall.
One of Bangkok's most popular cafe, Roast has moved its flagship store from the nearby Seenspace to The Commons and is located at the top floor of The COMMONS. Other premium restaurants such as the funky pizzeria Peppina, baker Maison Jean Phillipe (you can find their breads at some of Bangkok's finest restaurants) and causal Thai food restaurant Soul Food can be found here too.
Long communal tables forms up the dining area which looks like a premium food court is perfect for large groups to enjoy the range of Bangkok's finest culinary offerings.
Enjoy 2X miles on Dining, Spa and at Alila Hotels with Mileslife!
Purchase any Dog-Print Product from Cotton On for a Paw-sitive Cause!


Internal pine fire doors that give you the confidence of having FD30 certification with a half-hour fire check rating. The doors are all 44mm in depth and are available to buy from us now. Buy online or get in touch.


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Marco Brodde ASWLA
Black Tern series I
Enquire to Buy
Related exhibition:
The Natural Eye 2021
Black Tern series II
Black Tern series III
Black Tern series IV
Black Tern series V
76 x 56 cm (106 x 86 cm framed)
Turnstone I
Monotype and ink
Available for collection:
Fieldfares & Golden Plovers
Indian ink and watercolour
Turnstone II
About Marco Brodde ASWLA
Artist details
Living in the middle of the Wadden Sea, a UNESCO World Heritage Site shared by Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands, I find my motives in this spectacular landscape formed by water, wind and sand. On my home island Fanø waders and sea birds are always present in huge numbers. Their behaviour and reaction to the turning tide, the storm surges and the ever changing and dynamic landscape is a constant source of inspiration. Feeling strong connected to the cultural and natural history of the Wadden Sea, I have a wish to express and show my intimate encounters with the area's wildlife, which is out there very close to people, but often not discovered by the public. Through artwork the public interest obviously increases, and the personal experiences and creative process leads very often to dialogue and fascination, for both the artist and the audience. My aim is to capture the moment and certain situations in the sketchbook or directly in a watercolour, and also studio work contains an element of what can be called 'nature journalising'.
Method of Working
Due to my job as nature interpreter on Fanø, I am surrounded by birds and motives every day. The sketchbook is always in the bag, and quick sketches are often made while having a break or when I stumble into an interesting scenery or a group of birds. For many years the sketchbooks were used as reference material for studio work, when sitting nice and comfortable back home at the table. While most "finished" work was earlier made in the studio, I prefer these days to go on directly with proper sheets of paper with birds and wildlife still in front of me. The spontaneous and faster way of drawing and painting adds an energetic feeling and an impression of "being there" in the line and colouring, which I also of course feel very strongly while working there in the field. And most of all the act itself, the way of drawing and experiencing, is very focused and mental giving. On the other hand, working in the studio results in more considered compositions and other ways of working. After having worked maybe for months on more detailed birds paintings, it is a pleasure to go back to printmaking for a period. To simplify things and try to drag out the essence of a species or an experience is not only a necessary goal when doing a linocut, but also good practice in general when working with wildlife as motive. Drypoint and linocuts have come to take up much of my time in the winter months, when strong wind, rain and low temperatures make it hard to sit out all day sketching. Although one has to go for it, as winter skies and colours are often very inspiring.
Society Memberships
Society of Wildlife Artists
Naturlige iagttagelser, Fanø Kunstmuseum, 2016
Fugl, Johannes Larsen Museet 2016
Watt´n Glückwunsch, 30 Jahre Nationalpark, St. Peter Ording, Germany, 2015
Vadehavets fugle, DOF – Birdlife Denmark, 2006
Several exhibitions with the Danish Artists for Nature and Environment since 2003


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Voliminal: Inside the Nine es un DVD doble, lanzado por la banda Slipknot. fue lanzado el 5 de diciembre del 2006 (2 de diciembre en Australia e Inglaterra). El primer disco tiene un video de 80 minutos que muestra las presentaciones en vivo de la banda, principalmente cantando las canciones de su disco Vol 3: The Subliminal Verses. El video fue grabado por Shawn Crahan (#6) con su cámara casera por lo que la imagen y el sonido no son muy buenos, pero muestra una perspectiva diferente y mucho más cercana a la banda. El segundo CD trae todos los videos musicales del disco Vol 3: The Subliminal Verses, incluyendo Vermilion Pt. 2, que en ese entonces todavía no había sido lanzado. En el segundo CD también hay entrevistas con cada uno de los integrantes de la banda, sin máscara y algunas presentaciones en vivo.

El segundo guitarrista Mick Thomson dijo que el DVD se centra más en los días de la banda mientras viajan que en las presentaciones en vivo. Él dijo "Veras como son nuestros días" y también dijo "Esto no es una mierda como las de antes y es más divertida que el anterior DVD".

El segundo disco trae 9 presentaciones y estas son:

 (sic)
 The Blíster Exists
 Eyeless
 Duality
 Vermillion
 The Heretic Anthem
 Pulse Of The Maggots
 Before I Forget
 People = Shit

Posiciones

Agujeros secretos
El disco trae 10 "agujeros secretos" en el disco 1. Usa el número 9 de tu control de DVD para abrirlos.

 Corey
Cuando toda la introducción haya pasado. Aparecerá un hombre corriendo en la pantalla. En el tiempo 00:03:20 aprieta #9 + enter (en el capítulo 1).

 Joey
En el tiempo 00:01:00 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 3).

 Mick
En el tiempo 00:03:02 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 3).

 Paul
En el tiempo 00:08:20 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 5).

 Craig
En el tiempo 00:04:00 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 6).

 Décimo agujero misterioso (Actual número #6)
Un momento después del agujero de Craig, en la escena del puke aparece Mick hablándole a la cámara fotográfica entonces cuando presione la cámara tu debes presionar los botones al mismo tiempo.

 James
En el tiempo 00:02:30 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 8).

 Chris
En el tiempo 00:04:30 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 9).

 Sid
En el tiempo 00:04:40 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 9).

 Crahan
En el tiempo 00:06:50 aprieta #9 + Enter (en el capítulo 9).

Créditos
 (#8) Corey Taylor - Vocalista
 (#7) Mick Thomson - Guitarra rítmica
 (#6) Shawn Crahan - Percusión
 (#5) Craig Jones - Sampler/Sintetizador
 (#4) James Root - Guitarra principal
 (#3) Chris Fehn - Percusión
 (#2) Paul Gray (R.I.P.) - Bajo
 (#1) Joey Jordison - Batería
 (#0) Sid Wilson - Turntablism
 Shawn Crahan - Director
 Neil Zaugg - Productor
 Daryl Arnberger - Videografía
 Shawn Crahan - Videografía
 Chris Holmes - Videografía
 John Schultz - Videografía
 Pat Williams - Videografía
 Shawn Crahan - Editor
 Neil Zaugg - Editor
 Scott Kaven - Efectos visuales
 Tommy Dalton - Mezclas
 Tommy Dalton - Sonido

Videoálbumes de Slipknot


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Pride thrives here
by DTE Social Media Team | Jun 21, 2019
DTE Energy is all about energizing and empowering the lives of its customers, employees, and the community.
Zachary Hurd, DTE Facilities contract manager, exemplifies that spirit as an advocate in the LGBT community.
Hurd champions the rights of others after a tragedy that befell his middle school classmate.
The suicide of the bullied youth – targeted for being openly gay – devasted Hurd, a preteen himself, over 15 years ago, near the thumb in Michigan.
"You don't know what to do in that situation," he said. "Heartbreak like this still happens today. That's why I'm a strong advocate for gay rights and the LGBT community."
Hurd is a member and Developmental Chair of DTE's Power of Pride (POP) employee resource group, and an openly gay man who couldn't be prouder of working at the company.
POP was created in 2017 for employees of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender community. Annually in June, the LGBT community and its allies, celebrate the spirit of being proud, accepted, and diverse. June was chosen for LGBT Pride Month to commemorate the Stonewall riots, which occurred at the end of June in 1969. Since then, pride events are held across the globe to recognize the impact that LGBT individuals, advocates and allies have on history.
Hurd commented that some people believe there should be a Straight Pride Month, too. He explained that straight people don't have to come out to others; or face the same struggles people in the LGBT community do.
"They have the ability to show public displays of affection to their significant others," he said, adding that he still receives looks of judgment when he holds his boyfriend's hand in public. That is why there are pride festivals. "Where you can go and feel comfortable being who you are."
Hurd worked at DTE headquarters in Detroit for six years and accepted his current position in Grand Rapids, where he noticed a disconnect between POP members regionally.
"I took on the role to help tie together our community here in Grand Rapids to the people in Detroit, so we feel more like a cohesive group," Hurd said, adding that DTE is a large, supportive corporation. "That speaks volumes about our company. I can be out and be myself at work, which makes me feel a lot more comfortable coming to work every day."
Outside of work, Hurd tried to be just as comfortable and create a supportive community. Three years ago, at age 25, he came out to his family and close friends.
Hurd said that he realized one cannot have a loving relationship without being fully open with themselves and their partner.
"When I was dating someone, I felt it was wrong of me to be hiding him from the world," he said.
Hurd wants today's youth to be change agents, so he mentors LGBT youth groups at the Grand Rapids Pride Center weekly.
"It gives them a safe space to express who they are because a lot of them can't do that in their home life," Hurd said.
Hurd added that it is always good to have allies who support you.
Susan Kapadia, planner for Facilities Planning and Design, has been one of Hurd's allies since she met him in October 2017.
"We became friends that day," said Kapadia. "We would talk frequently or grab lunch together."
During their discussions, Hurd told her he was gay, which Kapadia was not a stranger to hearing.
"I definitely have other friends and family in the community, so I consider myself a supporter for all of them. I'm thrilled for him and proud of him," Kapadia said.
For Kapadia, creating an environment that enables people to feel welcome is key. She said her co-workers have become like family to her.
Amanda Dziewiatkowski, DTE Customer Care specialist, proud ally of POP, and mother of a LGBT child, said that she makes it known to others that they can count on her too.
"I feel like I'm a safe place for people to come to and talk with," said Dziewiatkowski. "I have the POP sticker on my desk, so everyone knows I'm an ally. I do not judge anyone." She added that our company makes her job easier. "DTE embraces and supports my LGBT coworkers and POP is a very good resource for them."
At home, Dziewiatkowski is a resource as well.
"My daughter came out when she was 15. She was very nervous and scared, and I just told her, 'It's OK. You love who you love. I love you and I'll support you in anything.'"
Dziewiatkowski said her daughter has friends who were shunned by their parents. She said that an ally's job is to always provide a safe and welcoming space "I want to be there to say, 'It's OK for you to be you.'"
DTE announces first-of-its-kind partnership with Parnall Correctional Facility
Everyday superheroes
Blue Water Energy Center
Downed Wire Safety
Economic Progress
Energizing Youth
Your Power


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My Take on the Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross
Mitsubishi's 2020 Eclipse Cross is a compact crossover car with a unique exterior design like no other crossover in its class. The interior is of really nice quality, making this one of Mitsubishi's more stylish sport utility vehicle. As well as being practical, the Eclipse has a turbocharged engine and all the latest technology.
Updates from Earlier Models
The 2020 Eclipse Cross has some minor trim revisions and a few new available features. The Eclipse lineup includes a base model and both the SEL Premium and GT Touring models. For a limited time there is a Special Edition package. All models include all-wheel drive, more comfortable rear seats, driver side power lumbar support, an additional USB port, and an updated touch screen.
The Cross boasts of a turbocharged four-cylinder engine. A powerfully smooth drive is made possible by the variable automatic transmission. The engine is surprisingly quiet, making for a noise free highway ride. The Eclipse Cross's rigid suspension makes taking corners a breeze. Steering is accurate, taking the stress out of maneuvering parking spots.
The EPA has reported that the Eclipse Cross is expected to do a better job with fuel efficiency while driving in urban environments than many of its competitors. The car has a highway estimate efficiency of 26 mpg.
The Cross offers a variety of available driver-assistance technology, such as automated emergency braking, lane-departure warning, and adaptive cruise control. Also available is Blind Spot Warning.
Interior Design and Infotainment
Interior materials are higher-end than you might expect from a car at this price point. The well cushioned seats are covered with an attractive and durable fabric. The Eclipse Cross has plenty of cargo space for enough gear for a small family. The second row seats fold down for more storage.
All the 2020 Eclipse Cross models come standard with a touchscreen information and entertainment system. The on-screen menus are smartly displayed and self-explanatory. Apple CarPlay and Android Auto capability are available options on the Eclipse models.
Pricing and Warranty
The 2020 Eclipse line-up starts with the base model ES at approximately $24,000 and closes out with the model SEL at around $28,000.
Mitsubishi offers a ten year or 100,000 mile powertrain warranty, corrosion protection, and a generous roadside assistance program. The limited warranty covers five years or 60,000 miles.
Conclusion – 2020 Eclipse Cross
The Mitsubishi 2020 Eclipse Cross is a stylish compact crossover with plenty of interior and cargo space. All the basic safety features and connectivity are included. This is a well priced car that is ideal for a small family.
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So you have a big event coming up, and you want to make sure not only that the most amount of people show up, but also that you engage with your attendees appropriately... We wonder, have you considered web SMS for your events?
From inviting your database, to reminding your registered attendees of the upcoming event or and engaging with them during the big day... SMS has heaps to offer!
If you already have a database, you can invite all of your contacts to register to your event via SMS by including a URL of your online form. You can also ask them to reply YES or NO to RSVP directly to the event.
When they are signing up to your event, you can request their SMS. This not also can send them a PIN to enable multi factor authentication, but also allows you to build a database of people attending the event. Which brings me to the next point.
SMS reminders work REALLY well (usually up the attendance rate anywhere from 50% to 80%). Usually best if sent 24-48 hours PRIOR to the event. So if I were you I would send it the morning of the day before (around 10am?), not on the day (that might be a bit too late).
Once you have the full list of all attendees, and the event is on, you can start engaging! From parking details, to session changes and lunch locations, SMS away anything else you need them to know right away... if your event is outdoors and it's sunny, you can also remind them to use sunscreen!
Remind your attendees to wear sunscreen!
You can also run competitions (and, again, build your database). Attendees can message in a keyword, and you can send tailored and personalised auto replies; you can also assign them to different groups depending on the keyword they messaged in... the sky is the limit!
Are you planning on using web SMS on your next event?


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Across Columbia's many schools and programs, veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces play an integral part in the student life, academic endeavors, and intellectual accomplishments of the University. This website serves as an online resource for learning abou the services, policies, and procedures that affect students who are veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces.
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The U.S. Department of Veteran Affairs, as well as state and local government, offers a number of educational assistance resources for veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces and their dependents.
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