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128 Source Greek Text for NT Translation
Posted on December 18, 2015	by Herman of bibledifferences.net
Initially anybody who required a copy of the original autographs of the epistles, gospels or any other part of the New Testament had to make his own, or employ a scribe to make a copy. These copies were usually made on papyrus, the common writing material, or sometimes on parchment, a much more expensive but more durable material. We call all handwritten material manuscripts to distinguish them from printed copies that originated centuries later.
Distributed all over the world, in monasteries, libraries and museums, and even in private possession more than 5800 manuscripts of the New Testament are found. Some of them comprise of only a small fragment of a single page including only a part of a verse or two. Other are more complete, containing a whole book or two, or the four gospels, or the epistles of Paul et cetera. Others contain the whole New Testament with or with some apocrypha and some even the complete Old and New Testaments, again with or without some apocrypha.
As with all work where man is involved, faults, corrections and alterations by the scribes slipped into their copies. Therefore no two manuscripts correspond completely with any other. People have always made notes in the margins of their Bibles. Often these notes were mistakenly seen as something missing in the manuscript, left out by a careless scribe, and then added into the text where the present scribe saw fit. It is also obvious that any alteration, whether intentional or by mistake, would be carried over to the next copy and further copies. It is no wonder then that most of the later copies are as a rule longer than older manuscripts. But how could we discern which exact words were originally written by the Bible authors as inspired by the Holy Spirit? It would really be irresponsible to declare one specific manuscript as containing 100% the exact words of God, without fault or corruption.
Probably the most important choice any translator of the New Testament, is the choice of the manuscript he would use as source manuscript to make his translation. How would he discern which exact word(s) would present the greatest possibility to render the original?
The choice of a source text for the New Testament.
The New Testament had been written in Greek, the Lingua Franca of that time. In the prologue of most Bibles are written something like: "Translated from the original Greek Texts." To make a translation the translator therefore has to choose a Greek text as source for his translation. In the past the Textus Receptus, being the common printed Greek text of the New Testament and readily available, had usually been used without questioning its accuracy. But since 1898 Bible Societies and independent translators preferred the Nestle – Aland text, and since 1966 the text of the United Bible Societies. The Greek Orthodox Church uses their own text for their official Bibles.
What is a Source Text?
As Christians we would like to have a copy of the New Testament as it had been written down by the original authors under the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. But no original autograph survived. Therefore we have only copies.
The oldest complete New Testament that survived is the Codex Sinaiticus, copied around 350 A.D. Then the Codex Vaticanus from the same time, but lacking several folios. Revelation had probably never been included in this manuscript, and the one found there is a much later addition. Then we have the Washingtoniensis from about 380 A.D. and the codex Alexandrinus around 450 A.D. But all these manuscripts differ from one another in several instances. It would be irresponsible to declare any manuscript from what ever period to be the perfect copy containing the original words.
Therefore it is of paramount importance to study all available texts and variations to discern which words have the greatest possibility to correspond to the original autographs. More than 5800 Greek manuscripts are available. Some are only a fragment containing part of a verse or two, while others have more, even complete books or the whole New Testament. But each has it's own unique value. When a single word in question is contained in a fragment dating from around 125 A.D. we know that that specific word had been part of the preceding, even older manuscript from which that fragment had been copied! This has great value in evaluating the accuracy of the later, more complete manuscript. The practical problem is that these manuscripts are spread out through the whole world. How could anybody visit all the places to study all the variations found in these manuscripts? That is the huge advantage that Nestle and Aland gave the Christian world when they over many years compiled text apparatus containing all the variations found in the manuscripts at the bottom of each page of their text. This work was expanded even further in the United Bible Societies Text with more than 18000 manuscripts of ancient translations. A translation gives us the assurance that that specific variation or word had been part of a Greek manuscript in use at the time and place where the translation had been made. They even added variations found in the writings of more than 200 Church Fathers, again confirming that that person had the use of a manuscript containing that specific variation. If someone from the first century would have written "Paul wrote to the Romans that they had to abstain from this or that", we can be sure that that requirement had been present in the manuscript he used. These three resources help us to discern the variation that has the greatest possibility to present the exact words of the original autograph.
By utilising these three sources, the United Bible Societies present the Bible translator with a proposed text while providing all the alternatives in order to allow him to evaluate their own choice, or to choose another version, if so he wished. But now he can make an informed decision.
Which texts are available to serve as source text?
There are four texts available.
The official text of the Greek Orthodox Church.
This text had been published in 1904 by the Ecumenical Patriarchal of Constantinople. It is mainly based on the minuscule manuscript 1495 (±1350 A.D.) containing the gospels, 1 Corinthians and the ecumenical epistles. It was expanded and supplemented by several other late mediaeval manuscripts. It is presented as a text without any motivation given for their choice, or any variations given. Though this text is used within the Greek Orthodox Church, it is not used by other translators outside that Church.
The Textus Receptus.
This text had initially been compiled by Desiderius Erasmus in 1516 using two manuscripts each for the gospels, the Pauline and general epistles and one incomplete manuscript on Revelations that he hastily acquired from the Roman Catholic monastery in Basil, Switzerland. All five these manuscripts are late mediaeval documents. Therefore they contain most of the alterations and additions that were included through the ages of repeated copying of the New Testament. To be in accordance with the Roman Vulgate, Erasmus made several alterations to the Greek text, and added or omitted as he saw fit. He even created his own personal alterations that are found in no Greek manuscript at all. This text differs in more than 2000 instances from the standard Greek text. But when it was published it addressed a long felt need and was widely distributed. Though many shortcomings and corruptions were pointed out from the very beginning, many were never corrected. No reason for the choice of a variation is given and no indication of variations is given. It is presented as a final product containing the personal choice of Erasmus, as later altered and elaborated by later publishers of this text. Due to the availability of this text, it had unquestioned been used for many translations, including the King James Version of 1611.
The Nestle – Aland Text.
In 1898 Eberhard Nestle compiled a text using the oldest and most reliable manuscripts available. He also published all variations known to him as a footnote on each page in a text critical apparatus. His work was later elaborated by Kurt and Barbara Aland, hence the name Nestle – Aland Text. The text critical apparatus has constantly been updated with all known manuscripts from all over the world. Now the Bible translator was no longer delivered to a finished work of a single person. He had a summary of all variations and which word, sentence or even paragraph is supported by which manuscripts. The Bible translator could now decide for himself whether he accepted the choice of Nestle and Aland, or whether he would prefer another variation. Now he has the opportunity to evaluate the variations that do exist in the manuscripts and choose the variation most likely to render the original autograph. Unfortunately the text critical apparatus is difficult to understand because they use complicated symbols and markers.
The United Bible Societies Text.
During 1955 the Union of Bible Societies decided to compile their own text which was published in 1966. For this publication all known Greek manuscripts (5800+) were taken into account, as well as more than 18000 manuscripts of antique translations as well as the quotations of more than 200 Church fathers. They even provide a rating of the relative degree of certainty of their own choice based on the weight of the manuscripts. The letter A signifies that the adopted text is virtually certain, down to D that indicates that there is a very high degree of doubt whether the selected text or the variation in the apparatus contains the superior reading. With an international and interdenominational committee to do the compiling, the chances of a choice being ideologically or denominationally influenced are negligible. The text critical apparatus is easily understandable and very complete. Once again the Bible translator is presented with a compiled text, but with all the variations in manuscripts in an orderly way given on each page. Hereby the translator has all available information to enable him to make an informed decision.
According to the above information it is clear that the official text of the Greek Orthodox Church might be influenced by their own dogmas. In essence it also consists of mainly one late mediaeval manuscript, elaborated with manuscripts of the same period. Unquestioned it contains several alterations and additions that exist due to repeatedly copying the New Testament. The translator is confronted with a text that had been chosen by some committee leaving the translator no room for his own choice.
The Textus Receptus is also presented as a fait accompli containing the personal choice and alterations of a single man, Desiderius Erasmus. He wrote to Pope Leo X that he made his own alterations to "improve" the Greek text. He also altered the text to agree with the Roman Catholic Vulgate. The manuscripts he used were all late mediaeval with the same danger of containing most of the alterations and additions and adopted without study or evaluating their authenticity.
The Nestle – Aland Text presents a text where the motivation for a certain reading can be assessed. The text critical apparatus gives the translator an overview of all relevant variations present in manuscripts spread all over the world to enable him to make his own choice.
The United Bible Societies Text also presents the translator the choice presenting an even greater elaborated and easily understandable text critical apparatus. Not only the variations in the Greek manuscripts are included, but also antique translations and quotations of Church fathers.
The choice of a source text.
When a Bible Society or any independent translator of the New Testament would like to present its translation as "translated from the original Greek" the choice of a source text is of paramount importance. That many Christians are used to the King James Version is understandable. But so are some used to other versions of the New Testament. Any deviation from that which we love and are accustomed to, can cause uncertainty and even suspicion. But a Christian should ask himself whether he would like a version based on the personal choice and alterations of a single person, or would he rather have a version taking into account the many manuscripts available to the translator to enable him best chances to render what the Holy Spirit had inspired the original authors to write down.
My Solution:
Because we are not all able to read Greek, or to have access to al the manuscripts and variations, I provide the relevant information on my blog at www.bibledifferences.net With this information I would like to facilitate my readers to understand the reasons behind the differences and to make an informed decision. I myself hate to be delivered out to the propaganda of any version without having the real facts before me. That is what I would like to empower my readers with. I am also busy to compile a book to be published during 2016 on this subject.
Comments are welcome at the bottom of this page, or via e-mail to: bibledifferences@gmail.com
Herman.
About Herman of bibledifferences.net
The reasons for the differences between older Bibles like the King James Version and newer Bibles like the New International Version have fascinated me ever since my studies in Theology at the University of Pretoria in the seventies. I have great respect for scribes through the ages as well as Bible translators, so there must be good reasons for the differences. With more than 5600 Greek manuscripts and more than 19000 manuscripts of ancient translations to our disposal, the original autographs of the New Testament can be established without doubt. I investigate the reasons behind the differences and publish the facts in a post on my blogs www.bibledifferences.net (Afrikaans: www.bybelverskille.wordpress.com) to enable my readers to judge for themselves. Personally I love to make an informed decision based of facts. That is why I endeavor to provide that same privilege to the readers of my blogs. Since 1973 I am married to my dear wife and greatest friend, Leah Page, founder director of Act-Up Support (www.actup.co.za) a prayer ministry for families struggling with drug-, occult- and other dependencies. We are blessed with two daughters and two sons, four grand sons and two grand daughters. God is alive and omnipotent! Glory to His Name! Herman Grobler.
View all posts by Herman of bibledifferences.net →
This entry was posted in Ancient Translations, Apocrypha, Church Fathers, Desiderius Erasmus, Inspiration of the Holy Spirit, KJV/NIV Controversy, Papyri, Textus Receptus, United Bible Societies Text. Bookmark the permalink.
8 Responses to 128 Source Greek Text for NT Translation
Jim Kerr says:
An excellent summary, Herman.
Regarding Erasmus, his somewhat lax attitude towards the accuracy of his Greek text was puzzling to me for a while until I found out that his primary intention in publishing his Novum Instrumentum was to correct and improve the Latin of Jerome's Vulgate (hence his original use of sermo for verbum in John 1:1).
Can't wait to read the book. Will you be publishing an e-copy or dead-tree edition? Both? Do let us know when it's available.
Herman of bibledifferences.net says:
Thank you Jim, always nice to hear from you.
Erasmus really was in the position where he could have blessed the whole Christian world so much more, if he hadn't been so careless, and in such a hurry to beat Ximines to publishing the first Greek Text. Even later on, when so many of his mistakes were pointed out to him, he could have made a thorough investigation and improve on the Greek Text. But as a devote Roman Catholic, the Latin Vulgate had been regarded as much greater in value and importance than the Greek Text. Hence his handling of the Greek with almost disrespect, and mainly seen as a financial advantage at that time.
utterlyreformed says:
Thank you for your efforts. How can an English-only reader access this material most fruitfully? You are a great resource for certain, but how can I delve into these collections on my own? Does the UBS or NA produce an English bible that lists most or nearly most of the variations?
Thank you for this question.
The UBS and the NA present the Greek texts with the variations in Greek. That is their mission. They enable translators with the necessary material to deliver good and thoroughly researched translations to the English reader, and so other languages.
The only other alternative would be to study Greek yourself, or to buy a UBS Greek New Testament and get to know the text critical apparatus given on each page.
An interlinear New Testament can be a great help, but it only provides the chosen text with the translation, and not the variations in manuscripts.
That is exactly why I provide the info to the English reader to enable him access to this Greek material. I try to stand in the gap on behalf of the reader who does not know Greek.
You are very welcome to bring to my attention any verses or differences that you would like me to examine. It is my pleasure to provide the info.
To my knowledge I am at present the only person doing this.
Is there a current English translation that follows the 'A' grade variations of NA and UBS?
Hiya, utterlyreformed. (I hope you and Herman won't mind if I answer your question…)
Most modern versions (excluding the NKJV) base their New Testament translations on the UBS or NA texts, which are made up of A-variants. Wherever they stray from the Critical Texts, you will usually find a footnote in these versions giving the variant reading (including the NKJV, which bases its NT on a Majority Text-type, but bases its footnotes on a critical reading).
However, keep in mind that an A-variant only means that the committee is as certain as its possible to be that it is an original reading; there are many variants which simply cannot be determined with any degree of certainty. In these cases, informed, "enlightened common sense" (as Gordon Fee puts it) has to be employed in order to choose which is the more likely to be original.
So, my personal advice is, if you're unable to make use of the Greek text in your study, use several modern English versions, like the ESV, NIV, NET, and pay attention to the footnotes. You might also pick up a copy of Gordon Fee's How to Choose a Translation for All Its Worth: A Guide to Understanding and Using Bible Versions. It's a great place to start.
Well answered Jim, thank you.
May I just add my personal contribution to the intricate field of the text critique. Apart from the external criteria concerning the value or status of the manuscripts with a specific variation, on which the UBS and the NA base their choice, I employ two other objective criteria. My second criterion is the internal criteria where I try to discern how the variation could have originated. Sometimes words could have been remembered from a previous verse or two. Or a word could be repeated leading to duplication of a sentence (Dittography) or lapsed (Haplography) Look at my post on this matter at: https://bibledifferences.net/2012/08/10/27-criteria-to-evaluate-different-readings/
The third criterion I employ is the delicate matter of the intrinsic. Here I look at the typical words used by the speaker or the author of the book. I also look at the context within which the variation appears. You can find my post here: https://bibledifferences.net/2012/08/10/27-1-intrinsic-criteria/
In quite a few cases I do not agree with the UBS – choice, like https://bibledifferences.net/2014/11/09/105-babe/
and https://bibledifferences.net/2015/04/08/116-eagle/
May I invite you to look up any Scripture or variation that might interest you and see whether I have not yet posted on it. There is a list available at https://bibledifferences.net/scriptures/
I would like to get a Greek bible to start learning with. Which UBS title would you recommend? I know they produce current volumes regularly, but how old a version could I get without being too far behind current research (so I could perhaps save a few dollars on an older edition)?


Thoughts do become things. One day my daughter was drawing ice cream cones, and there was nothing for it but to light out to Ludwigkirchplatz: a scoop of chocolate for her, a scoop of chestnut for myself.
Two Junes ago I posted this round-up of favorite ice cream spots around Berlin, including Anna Durkes and tanne B in Kreuzberg, Eiscafe Monheim in Wilmersdorf, Hokey Pokey in Prenzlauer Berg, and, whimsically, Lokal in Mitte (where, last night, I had my first rhubarb of the year in the form of pickled sweet stalks dotting the generous cheese plate).
Inka Eis: Tucked into the quiet end of Belziger Straße, this South American-themed ice cream shop is run by a graying German man who speaks perfect Spanish. Flavors include custard apple, tamarind, purple corn, and grainy lúcuma, our special favorite, all made from organic milk. The neon-light-and-tiles indoors are indeed authentically South American, while the front garden sports benches beneath a lilac tree. The menu also includes empanadas and more.
Zwei Dicke Bären have brought the magical world of ice cream sandwiches to Berlin. Generously filled permutations include peanut butter cookies with chocolate ice cream, chocolate cookies with caramel ice cream, and chocolate chip cookies with vanilla ice cream. Their custard-style ice creams are specially made by Neukölln-based Mos Eisley, and indeed, the gelateria on Herrfurthplatz merits a visit in its own right.
Zwei Dicke Bären can be found at Street Food Thursday (every other week), Burgers & Hip Hop, and elsewhere.
The selection at riverside Eisbox includes aperitifs in ice cream form, such as scoops of gin & tonic or melon & Campari.
After a turn on the extensive playground at lovely tree-lined Ludwigkirchplatz, families head for the spacious terrace at Sweet 2 Go. Alongside ice creams and sorbets including strawberry/mint and lime/basil, the cafe also offers fruit crumbles in Weck jars.
Long-time Berlin favorite Vanille & Marille needs no introduction, but I will mention that they've just opened a permanent Schöneberg outpost. My daughter refers to it as "the one with the big ice creams", which I think speaks for itself.
Who can resist "the one with the big ice creams"?!!
Even though it's turned back to fall again, I want to check all these places out this weekend! Thanks!
I love the idea of ice cream sandwiches.
3 of the 5 you just named are within walking distance from my new place: oh joy! Speaking of which--now that I'm also a resident of the Bayerisches Viertel (since March 1), perhap we could meet up under the sun and share an ice cream in our shared neighborhood?


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Q: Stokes' Theorem - plane and sphere
Given the Field $F(x,y,z)=(y,z,x)$ and the curve $C$ that is the
  intersection of the plane $x+y=2$ and the sphere
  $(x-1)^2+(y-1)^2+z^2=2$. Evaluate $\oint_C F$ using Stokes' Theorem.

Ok, I firstly evaluate the curl. I know what's the $n$ vector because it is being cut by a plane whose equation was given. But my doubts are: I have to use this normal vector I know by the equation, I have to use this one in the equation or there are other ways?

A: The given field ${\bf F}$ is a linear function, hence its curl ${\bf c}$ is a constant vector. We are going to apply Stokes' theorem to the disc $D$ cut out by the plane $x+y=2$ from the given sphere. The unit normal of $D$ is the vector ${\bf n}={1\over\sqrt{2}}(1,1,0)$. Compute the radius $R$ of $D$. Then, up to sign,
$$\int_{\partial D}{\bf F}\cdot d{\bf r}=\int_D{\bf c}\cdot{\bf n}\>{\rm d}\omega={\bf c}\cdot{\bf n}\>\pi R^2\ .$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Amigas, Circle of Friends, is a century old tradition passed down from mother to daughter in celebrating friendship. The Amigas De Toronto is an annual event put on by a group of dedicated women to raise funds to help the fight against Breast Cancer.
It was founded by Angela Machado 12 years ago, with the first party only having about 150 guests. This year there was over 1,100 women in attendance who graciously did their part in making donations for such a great cause. Since Machado began this venture, The Amigas De Toronto have donated over $433,000 over 12 years.
This year's goal was $70,000, a target they achieved with the help of many people. But that's not what they raised on Saturday, January 26th, 2013. Instead, The Amigas De Toronto will be donating $75,000 raised at this year's event to the Breast Cancer Foundation at the Princess Margaret Hospital.
There was dinner served by Cabral Catering, dancing and live music featuring Henrik Cipriano and conjunto Mexe Mexe. Clara Abreu, Anchor and Reporter for OMNI News: Portuguese Edition, also lent a hand by hosting the evening. There were door prizes, raffles and silent auctions, with all proceeds being donated in support of the Princess Margaret Hospital. All printing, including menus and the event programs were done by Mach 2 Press.
Next year's event has already been booked for January 25th and will be held at Local 183 Union Hall (1263 Wilson Ave., Toronto).
For more information please visit Amigasdetoronto.ca.


Our fortified soft foods come in proteins, carbohydrates and vegetables and desserts. Choose your favourites and combine to create delicious balanced meals, or simply pick one of our meal boxes that are all ready to go.
SHIPPING NOTIFICATION: Orders will be delayed over the Easter/ANZAC period, as the trucks take a break. Any orders received prior to the 15th April will be sent for overnight delivery on the 15th, with the next dispatch date being the 23rd of April (for orders received prior to this time). We apologise for the limited dispatch days. If you are in Auckland, we may be able to arrange pick up.


Brigids Garden is the perfect place to go if you love gardens and want to be able to immerse yourself in some of the best that Ireland has to offer. There are four gardens here, one of each for the four seasons – the Samhain Winter Garden, the Imbolc Spring Garden, the Bealtaine Summer Garden and the Lughnasa Autumn Garden and these are all based on the landscape of the west area of Ireland and are a joy to walk through.
As well as being able to enjoy the gardens you will also be able to book in for a scone baking lesson at Brigid's Garden and these are ideal for the budding cook. You will be shown how to make scones the traditional Irish way with a trained chef who will take you through each stage to make these delicious treats. The lessons are for around 10 people on average which means that you will be able to ask questions if you need to, and go at your own pace without feeling rushed – ideal if you don't have much experience in baking.
When your scones have been made you will be able to sample them and enjoy a cup of tea or coffee with them. This is a great way to finish the lesson and you will be able to chat with the others who have been making scones with you. So if you want to perfect your scones this year and experience some wonderful gardens then this is the place to be.


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Q: How can I gain permission to rename a file for my Ruby program? As per the answer to this question, I am trying to backup a file by renaming it, before I replace it with a new, modified file with the old name.
As per the comments and the documentation here, I am using the following line of code:
 File.rename(File.basename(modRaw), File.basename(modRaw)+'.bak')

However, when I do so, I get the following error at runtime:

The program then aborts. (leatherReplacer.rb is the name of my program, and line 88 is the above line of code)
How do I allow my program to rename the files it needs to to run successfully?

A: Windows has some special rules regarding permissions. The important one at work here, is that the OS prevents moving or renaming a file while the file is open.
Depending on the nature of your code (in size and scope) and the importance of the file you're trying to back up, it may be unfeasible or otherwise not worthwhile to refactor the code in such a way as to make backups possible.

A: You probably don't want to be calling File.basename in there, that strips off the directory:

Returns the last component of the filename given in *file_name*, which must be formed using forward slashes ("/") regardless of the separator used on the local file system.

So, if modRaw is /where/is/pancakes.house, then you're saying:
File.rename('pancakes.house', 'pancakes.house.bak')

But pancakes.house probably isn't in the script's current directory. Try without the File.basename calls:
File.rename(modRaw, modRaw + '.bak')

A: If you are owner of that file, use File.chmod to set desired permissions.

A: I don't know much about ruby, but could you run it under command line/bash with admin privileges, such as "run as administrator" or "su root"?
According to Objectmix and ruby-forum, you should set it to 755 or +x, then perhaps chown to yourself.

A: try using full file path e.t
File.rename('c:\pancakes.house', 'c:\pancakes.house.bak')
in win7 i encounter same problem


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it's not a fashion statement lyrics 2021

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A wine label is a world of signs. All words and images upon it confer a meaning that is beyond what is in the bottle. 'E&J Gallo', for instance, indicates the security and confidence of a brand (more significant that the 'E &J' implies a family business); 'Red Bicyclette' singifies a pastoral French lifestyle, a better world, without cars, where Bernadette can prop her bike up against a tree and run down to Gérard on the riverbank; and 'Pinot Noir' is the fashionable grape of finesse, of the cinema, of the moment, and it seems no-one at Gallo - or any one of the thousands of people who bought their bottles - know what it tastes like.
Because at all levels of wine I would posit that none of us actually take it for what it is. We all, to greater or lesser extents, rely on the complex formulae of signs on the label. What we taste is not wine but the accumulation of previous understanding. I would also add that we are complicit in this obfuscation of the grape. We require a label, a form, something other than pure wine.
Why? Because we buy it. There is, again, a parallel in literature. It is no coincidence that, as the renaissance took hold of Europe, as the mercantile class emerged, so the importance of who wrote the book became paramount. Previously, authors were relatively unimportant because they did not rely on the sale of their work.
So the same is true of the wine and its label. It performs that amazing function that, in forcing us to provide a mythical space around the wine, we both identify with it and forgive its faults.
I'm not saying we should return to the age of the Medicis but I am saying that within this 'Red bicyclette' scandal, there are no innocent parties (including us).
But it doesn't just stop there. As I've pointed out, the semiotics (signs) of a wine label evoke just about everything but the wine. They are, if I want to be controversial, the very definition of 'Terroir'.
'Château Latour, Grand Cru Classé, Pauillac, Bordeaux' evokes feudal splendour, heritage, the earth, the region, the pedigree of the estate - even the symbolic nature of Bordeaux as a region - and everything (even the understanding of the grapes that are part of this 'terroir') is swallowed by our minds before we taste the wine.
This notion even stretches to having an all-natural wine or a Demeter stamp somewhere on the label.
Now I'm not making an argument for clearskin bottles, all I am saying is that our desire to evoke this quasi-mystical space around the wine has to be treated and analysed in a similar fashion to the wine itself.
NB: It is perhaps interesting that Masters of Wine tasting exams and many blind tastings are the reverse of this process. For instance, in the MW tasting candidates have to show their method of deduction to reach the conclusion that identifies the wine. Thus one takes the pure wine and tries to reconstruct the appropriate mythology. According to the Institute, one must 'Identify the most relevant criteria, and provide a concise summary of the evidence' [emphasis is mine].
About this time last year I was at a Sauternes tasting in London and a very cross Christian Seely pulled me to one side to give me a good dressing-down. Over the past couple of months I'd been writing news reports on the possible state of the 2008 harvest. It was wasn't flattering, I'll be honest, but it was what was circulating at the time. I had quoted much of the French press who were playing it down, saying how bad the weather was before the harvest, etc. etc.
Seely had taken umbrage. Essentially, he said: 'how can you make judgements on the wines before anyone's tasted them yet'. Believe me, he's not the first person in Bordeaux to have said similar things.
So let's admit he had a point.
Now lets also take a minute and think about how much hype has been generated within Bordeaux for the 2009 vintage. There have been endless reports on how great the vintage is. Just recently, Bill Blatch has written a huge report on, yes, the weather on Jancis Robinson MW's site. Has Christian Seely given Bill a call and told him off for talking about the weather and the wines before En Primeur? It's probably safe to assume he hasn't.
So the first conclusion we can make is that when you hear nothing from Bordeaux it's likely to be a mediocre to poor vintage.
And let's think about the weather for a second. A while ago I made the point that most winemakers from Bordeaux will tell you not to talk about the weather and wait until you've tasted the wines at En Primeur, after that they say you have to wait until they're bottled; once they're bottled, you have to wait for them to get a bit of age before they're ready, and then, in 20-30 years time, you open the bottle and all anyone in the room can talk about is what the weather was like during the vintage.
Let me make a second point - about winemaking. Any winemaker who knows what s/he's doing - and there are a few in Bordeaux - will know pretty much straight away how good the wine is going to be. S/he also knows how good/bad it is compared to other years. You don't need to wait for En Primeur for that. So once again, you can assume that if all is quiet in Bordeaux, it's a mediocre year.
But why stop the press from reporting this? Well, simply because it makes business sense. After all, last year the UGC 'pleaded' with the press to help make consumers love their wines.
So what can we conclude? Well, if everyone was honest, we'd be able to get a general idea of the vintage from the winemakers themselves in September, six months before En Primeur. And with all the hype this year about a great vintage, how long can Bordeaux go on complaining about the bad press in the not-so-good vintages?
A classic from Fry and Laurie. Do not watch if you are a wine merchant.
The Beatles visit a French winery and Ringo almost ruins the harvest (which is not saved by an Indian summer, but by Paul MacCartney's vocals). Very instructive.
One from AbFab. Not overly amusing until Eddy says 'someone's stolen the steering wheel'.
Warning: not for the easily-offended Borat attends a wine tasting in the USA.
This is going to be unpopular but I feel compelled to do it. I'm going to take issue with Hugh Johnson's recent Decanter piece decrying the plans for the Mosel Bridge which many others, including Jancis Robinson MW, have also argued against.
First of all, make no mistake: if I was Ernie Loosen or any other winemaker in the area, I'd be stockpiling dynamite. No matter how annoying it is, I empathise with the NIMBY (not in my back yard) factor here. And I'd be furious.
Next, what is going to be the actual damage? Well, from the artist's impressions, we're looking at around five big holes – one in the Würzgarten and four in the (now ironically-named) Himmelreich vineyards – to support the bridge pillars. These holes have to include some land around it, as the shadows cast by the pillars will undoubtedly render some of it barren.
The only other physical issue will be that of drainage along the top of the Sonnenuhr and Domprobst Grosses Gewachs. This, potentially, could be very destructive. It also might not. Why gamble, asks Johnson, and I have to admit, I agree with him.
But if Johnson raises the spectre of ecology and the potential destruction of great wines, there are other, wider, issues that must be faced.
Without doubt the biggest is that of comparative importance. Imagine, for a second, that Hugh Johnson and Jancis Robinson win their campaign. What happens if they say nothing about the LGV train line planned to cut through the Graves in Bordeaux? Imagine, in ten years time, if someone wants to stick a bridge through the Languedoc and they don't mobilise public support when that occurs.
If we oppose the Mosel bridge but fail to actively oppose every other pulic works scheme in another vineyard, we are implicitly saying to those other winemakers and growers that their wines aren't important. They aren't in the big league.
And if we assume that that is indeed the case – that some vineyards are worth having a cultural protection stamp – who draws up the list? Imagine Hugh and Jancis putting that together. What vineyards would they leave out?
Unfortunately Hugh Johnson's parallel with the Côte d'Or is false. The Côte d'Or is protected by the huge value of the vineyards within it. The Mosel would love to have some of the auction speculation that Romanée-Conti gets, would love to be as deified. But it isn't. And in a world where money is everything, the Mosel cannot compete.
And if you accept that an economic system whereby the most expensive wines are the best indicator of greatness, then you have to say that we have already, collectively, failed the Mosel.
Perhaps the greatest tragedy within Johnson's argument is that he has to use a higher-profile region in higher-profile country to try to make his point.
So what is there left to do for the Mosel? Well, if you really don't want the bridge, I suggest direct action: a few well-placed sticks of dynamite might work, or perhaps bribe some local archaeologists to 'find' a Bronze Age settlement on the Zeltinger Berg.


text:
University Budget
Policy Title:
Refund of Board
This policy item applies to:
State-Operated Campuses
This document outlines the policy and formula for calculating refunds of board plans at State University of New York (University) campuses.
Formula for Calculating Board Refund
A. Board will be calculated by dividing the amount the student was charged by the number of weeks in the period paid for, and multiplying this by the number of weeks during which meals were eaten.
B. Meals eaten during a portion of a week shall be considered as having been eaten for a full week. There shall be no refund for less than a week.
C. The board charge will be credited to the proper account with the balance refunded to the student.
A. When a fee has been collected in error or in an amount in excess of the required amount of the fee, the fee or excess collected may be refunded.
B. The request for refund shall include the reason for and the amount of refund.
There are no definitions relevant to this policy.
Billing, Refunds, Collection, Write-offs Policy for Tuition, Fees, Other Charges
Fees, Rentals, and Other Charges
Refund of Pre-Admission Deposits for Undergraduate Programs
Refunds - Students Whose Programs Drop Below 12 Credit Hours
There are no procedures relevant to this policy.
There are no forms relevant to this policy.
State University of New York Board of Trustees Resolution 56-48, adopted May 10, 1956.
There is no history relevant to this policy.
There are no appendices relevant to this policy.


IUJ's IDP program is made up of a wide variety of people with even more diverse careers in mind. Career goals span academia, government, diplomacy, development agencies and UN bodies, as well as traditional business roles. Some IDP candidates compete with IUJ's business students for careers in finance and consulting, others look to development consulting firms, UN agencies or plan for further academics along with our MA candidates in International Relations. The options are open.
Career Planning – Most IUJ students come to campus with clear career objectives. They are using their 2 years on campus to gain needed skills or fine-tune those they already have to launch the professional lives beyond what they could obtain without the IUJ MA. CC&S is designed to support those goals.
For those uncertain of what lies ahead, CC&S helps them to identify various career options with one-on-one counseling, worksheets, guide books, and paper and online assessment evaluations. Those that know what they are aiming at use the available resources to confirm their suitability for the career they seek and take steps to achieve their objectives. Many discover professions they match but had never considered and are given the chance to explore new areas.
IUJ, a professional school, puts your career first. When students arrive on campus for their first Fall term, they are greeted with a series of Career Workshops even before classes begin. Career planning sessions, self-evaluation kits, resume building workshops, one-on-one introductory interviews then Mock Interviews with the career counselor fill up the initial weeks. By mid October, each student registered with Career Services* is armed with a solid resume for the IUJ Resume Books-hard copy and online versions.
The Resume Book is distributed to recruiters interested in IUJ students both in the business and non-profit world. With its distribution, companies and organizations are invited to campus to meet candidates and the selection process begins. The online version, which is password controlled, is announced to recruiters both in Japan and overseas.
Those interested in business careers in Japan participate in our on-campus recruiting practices. Applications and interviews take place during Winter Term, and often well into Spring Term. Those seeking opportunities in overseas world organizations and research institutes apply directly to those bodies with the guidance and support of the Career Office. Finding opportunities overseas can be overwhelming and the career counselor can help you get started. Further, our valuable alumni network can serve as a starting point via our special A-CAN program: Alumni Career Advisors Network boasts over 1,000 volunteers world wide, many of whom are in world organizations and are ready to give advice on how to follow in their footsteps.
Opportunities for IDP candidates are very diverse. IDP students are encouraged to look carefully at their values and interests, find what type of career matches, and then to develop a strategy to obtain an appropriate position. The career counselor's aim is to help the student do just that. Those interested in non-business careers are especially encouraged to work closely on a one-on-one basis with the career counselor as that search requires special skills.
Internships are an opportunity to test and apply newly acquired skills and prepare your credentials and contacts for your employment hunt. Networking is a major benefit. Finding an internship requires early and active participation in campus programming beginning immediately upon your arrival on campus. Busy students must juggle school work with their internship hunt and participation in career services, conduct their own personalize research and watch the career board and online instructions carefully. For those who secure positions in Japan, IUJ will help with Work Permits and special insurance.
Employment After Graduation – We find that most graduates who wish to remain in Japan to start their career* in the business sector are able to find suitable employment with an early start, and close communications with the career counselors. Past work experience, developed professional skills, and Japanese language ability are extremely important factors for success. Hiring companies take care of immigration/visa matters. IUJ provides guidance.
For those looking for employment outside of Japan and in world organizations special services and resources are prepared and introduced early on in the Career Workshop series.
For ambitious young professionals with a desire to work in Japan or Asia, IUJ is a smart choice. In Japan, IUJ is perhaps the only graduate school that offers an in-house career services center with similar programming to what you find at western schools. IUJ attracts a very diverse group of students, and their career interests are just as diverse. Campus is rich with ideas and experiences.
Assisted by IUJ alumni all over the world, IUJ has established its name with major international companies and institutions. IUJ's Trustees and Chairmen are Japanese business leaders and actively promote the school. Certain programs, such as the Guest Speaker Series, consulting projects, and on-campus recruitment activities often bring top executives and major world organization representatives to the Urasa campus, and students are encouraged to make the most of these visits.
*Some IUJ students are not permitted by their scholarship sponsors to register for career support. Please note the conditions under each scholarship. Specifically ADB, JICA and IMF scholars are required to return to their home country after graduation to contribute to that nations' development. Those sponsored by companies or their governments as well are not eligible to receive intern and job hunting support.
The family of friends that are formed while at IUJ turns into a close-knit and supportive Alumni Association. With a 12-member Executive Committee, the Association organizes an annual meeting and networking events in Tokyo. Alumni groups worldwide gather once or twice a year for social and networking opportunities, often with an IUJ faculty member or staff attending. The Online Alumni Directory ensures that wherever IUJ graduates are in the world, they are just a click away from contacting their classmates and other alumni for professional and social interaction. Newsletters, Class e-Mailing lists and online bulletin boards too are used to keep us all in touch across 90 nations.


text:
Lauren Schwartzberg
We Asked Musicians in Their 20s What They Think of the '27 Club'
What do Brodinski, Zola Jesus, Bobby Brackins, and more think of their impending 27th birthdays?
Double Dutch's Forgotten Hip-Hop Origins
When hip-hop developed in New York, teams of girls would double dutch in the middle of dancing crowds at clubs, an element of the culture that has been lost along the way.
We Asked Rappers What They Thought About 'Empire'
"This shit is bringing back the soul in TV and I'm with it."
The Ancient History of Grills
As ever-present as grills may seem today, mouth bling isn't new. Actually, grills have been appearing, disappearing, and reappearing throughout human history in fits and spurts as civilizations have risen and fallen around the world.
VICE Premiere
Stream 'Silver Cloak,' Drippin's Debut EP
Drippin is one of those club music producers whose goal is to "have you on the edge of being uncomfortable."
Lesbian Hip-Hop Hits Prime Time
SIYA is arguably the first out and proud lesbian rapper to reach a mainstream US audience. Her latest video for the song "Real MVP," which featured the MC serenading a thick hip-hop honey, made its nationwide debut on the Oxygen network.
Nicki Minaj's Former Manager Debra Antney Explains Why Nicki Is the Hardest Working Rapper Alive
"There wasn't no partying, there wasn't no drugs, there wasn't no guys, there wasn't none of that. There wasn't no mess. She wasn't on a bunch of meds, And she wasn't into drama... She worked."
Public Enemy's Former Lawyer Talks Cultural Appropriation and Copyrights in Hip-Hop
"Genres of music cannot be owned, so there is no legal mechanism to protect rap artists from cultural appropriation. The best 'protection' is to have a diversity of critical voices opining on the artistic merit of the music."
Play The Interactive Music Video Game For QVALIA's "Sound The Alarm"
We talked with QVALIA's Michael Hazani about learning to code so he could make a playable soundscape, as well as how he transitioned from EDM toplining to creating his own immersive projects
For MC Lyte, Hip-Hop No Longer Reflects Reality
MC Lyte released the first female rap album in 1988 and her fourth album was the first female rap album to go gold. I talked with the rap pioneer about race and gender within hip-hop culture.
Monie Love Thinks 'Okeydoke Rappers' Are Fucking It Up For Everybody Else
This past August, at the Summer Madness Music Festival & Conference, I took the time to ask a bunch of rap's female OGs about gender in hip-hop and the impact of the so-called "white-washing" of the culture. Who better than Native Tongues member and...
A New Souls of Mischief Record Is Exactly What Hip-Hop Needs Right Now
Listening to Souls of Mischief's latest album, <i>There is Only Now</i>, is like watching a 40-minute movie with your ears.


text:
Oct 25, 2018 @ 18:57
Fuel tax suspension to have little impact on inflation — BSP
It's not a prime mover as one would expect.
Suspending the next round of fuel tax hikes would reduce 2019 inflation by 0.2 percentage points, according to estimates made by the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).
It's quite muted, but can still be wiped out if world crude prices remain elevated.
Economic managers of President Rodrigo Duterte have suggested that the P2 per liter increase set to kick in 2019 should be held off as global oil prices remain elevated. However, the P2.50/liter additional tax introduced since January 2018 stays.
It's really the rice tariffication which will bring inflation back to below four percent, as it is seen to reduce overall prices by 0.7 percentage points, the BSP added.
Tags: Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas, BSP, fuel tax, President Rodrigo Duterte, tax suspension
AmCham says anti-endo bill unconstitutional
The American Chamber of Commerce of the Philippines wants President Rodrigo Duterte to veto a
Duterte wants to rush Malolos-Clark Railway after getting ADB funding
President Rodrigo Duterte on Thursday night urged the Department of Transportation (DOTr) to fast track
Tomb Raider or Wonder Woman? Pinoys say pretty US envoy will make Duterte behave
The new United States Ambassador to the Philippines, Mina Chang, could prove to be the
BOC on tenterhooks: Only Duterte knows who will be kicked out for corruption
An official of the Bureau of Customs (BOC) on Saturday said more Bureau officials were
Copyright © 2019 Bilyonaryo - Latest news on the richest Filipinos and Family Business.


text:
Virginia Gardner
Halloween (2018) review
October 20, 2018 October 26, 2018 / jeddthejedi	/ 1 Comment
Director : David Gordon Green
Cast : Jamie Lee Curtis, Judy Greer, Andi Matichak, Will Patton, Virginia Gardner, Nick Castle, James Jude Courtney, Jefferson Hall, Rhian Rees, Toby Huss, Haluk Bilginer
Genre : Horror
Opens : 25 October 2018
Rating : M18
October 31, 2018: the night he came home again. It has been 40 years since the events of the original Halloween film, and masked serial killer Michael Myers (Nick Castle, James Jude Courtney) has been safely locked away under the watchful eye of prison psychiatrist Dr Ranbir Sartain (Haluk Bilginer). True crime podcasters Aaron Korey (Jefferson Hall) and Dana Haines (Rhian Rees) plan on interviewing both Michael and the survivor of his murderous rampage, Laurie Strode (Jamie Lee Curtis).
Laurie has spent the last four decades in constant fear and paranoia of Michael's return. This has put a strain on her relationship with her daughter Karen (Judy Greer), who is married to Ray (Toby Huss) and has a daughter of her own, Allyson (Andi Matichak). When Michael escapes and returns to his old stomping grounds of Haddonfield on Halloween night, Laurie's worst fears are realised. Even though Laurie has prepared to face Michael again, there's no telling what terrors will unfold with Michael back on the loose.
The Halloween franchise has a storied, messy past. John Carpenter's 1978 original is considered one of the finest horror films ever made, and kickstarted a wave of slasher movies in the 80s. Through multiple instalments, the Halloween films tended to lose sight of what made the first one so good. This movie ignores all the sequels, functioning as if it were only the second film in the series. This has been done before: Halloween H20: 20 Years Later ignored the films after Halloween II.
Any franchise that's been around as long as Halloween has, especially a horror franchise, will eventually find itself wading into silliness. What once was terrifying devolves into self-parody, and eventually martial arts fights with Busta Rhymes ensue. Director/co-writer David Gordon Green and co-writers Jeff Fradley and Danny McBride strip Halloween back to basics in a satisfying, terrifying entry that stays true to the spirit of the original while having a propulsive energy of its own.
Green nails the sense of foreboding, the fear of what might be lurking around every corner, in every doorway and corridor, that is a key factor in establishing the nail-biting tension a good Halloween movie must possess. John Carpenter returns to the score the film alongside son Cody and Daniel Davies; the iconic Halloween theme remaining one of the best pieces of film music ever written. Cinematographer Michael Simmonds employs light and shadow to dramatic effect, while Tim Alverson's editing ratchets up the tension that much more. This looks and feels like Halloween, but there's an urgency to this movie and it doesn't come off as an artefact or a hollow exercise in nostalgia.
In revisiting the Laurie Strode role in Halloween H20, Curtis wanted to explore the effects that the trauma of Laurie's run-in with Michael would have. She gets to dig even deeper here, and Laurie in this movie is essentially Sarah Connor, a woman who has dedicated her entire existence to preparing for Michael's return, at the expense of her interpersonal relationships. The film's depiction of post-traumatic stress disorder is compelling and heart-rending, and Curtis doesn't phone this in at all. It's a Halloween sequel worthy of the character, and a lot of the film is about Laurie's arduous personal quest to reclaim what Michael stole from her. There's also the implication that in fighting a monster, Laurie has become something of a monster herself, with some shots mirroring ones from the original film, but with Laurie and Michael swapping places.
While many Halloween fans might bemoan Danielle Harris' absence from the film, and how Laurie's daughter from Halloween 4 has been overwritten by a different character, Greer puts in a great performance. She's disarming and naturally funny, but Karen is hurt and, in her own way, traumatised by what her mother has put her through – Greer conveys this ably.
Matichak might well be a breakout star after this film. Allyson is a believable teenager but never annoying, and it's interesting to see what traits she might have inherited from her grandmother. The film is at its best when grandmother, daughter and granddaughter play off each other. This is a film about legacy and an entry in a franchise with a legacy all its own, so the device of Michael tormenting multiple generations is a potent one.
Castle returns as Michael, sharing the role with stunt performer James Jude Courtney. This is Michael as horror fans remember him, and just like in the original Halloween, some of the most terrifying moments are Michael just lurking in the corner, standing still. There are several exceedingly brutal kills, but the gore never takes precedence over the sense of dread.
Bilginer's performance is a little broader than some of the others, but it works, since he's playing a man whose obsession with serial killers has perhaps spilled over from being purely professional.
2018 is the year in which Jim from The Office directed and starred in one of the finest suspense horror movies in recent memory, A Quiet Place. Now, 2018 can also lay claim to being the year in which the team behind Pineapple Express, Your Highness and Eastbound & Down brought the Halloween franchise back to life in a big way. Now just don't muck it up with further sequels.
October 8, 2016 / jeddthejedi	/ Leave a comment
Director : Chris McCoy
Cast : Nicholas Braun, Zoey Deutch, Israel Broussard, Mateo Arias, Demian Bichir, David Coussins, Virginia Gardner, Tasie Lawrence, Ashley Judd
Genre : Comedy
Run Time : 86 mins
Opens : 6 October 2016
Rating : M18 (Sexual Scenes)
We've all seen that triangle diagram: the three corners are labelled 'good grades', 'social life' and 'enough sleep', and the centre of the triangle bears the imperative 'choose two'. This comedy revolves around a group of friends who have devoted their whole lives to being well-behaved, academically successful students. It's the summer before they each leave for prestigious colleges, and Andy (Braun), Nora (Deutch), Spice (Broussard) and The Lion (Arias) make a pact to enjoy all they've been missing out on. Andy begins having sex with Gabby (Judd) and the other wealthy married woman who patronises the country club where he is a tennis coach; Nora starts a relationship with Erland (Coussins), her colleague at an aquarium lab; The Lion partakes in a variety of drugs; and Spice goes off in search of 'sexual release'. In the meantime, Andy continues communicating with a girl from India he's met online who may or may not actually exist, while he attempts to come to terms with the feelings he's had for Nora all this while.
Good Kids is written and directed by Chris McCoy, who makes his feature-film debut here. The screenplay landed on the 2011 Black List of most-liked scripts making the rounds in Hollywood. Sure, there have been plenty of Black List scripts that were turned into bad movies, but this case seems particularly puzzling, because there's nothing special about Good Kids at all. It seems to be the product of typing the command 'write teen sex comedy' into some automated screenwriting program. The jokes are tired and mostly unfunny and the characters are all very recognisable archetypes and largely difficult to sympathise with. Beyond that, the underlying attitudes are retrograde, with the veneer of raunchiness serving to obfuscate its lack of originality.
Braun's lankiness is often remarked upon, and his gangly proportions do lend themselves to an awkward nerd character. Alas, he's trying way too hard to come off as awkward, with the results bordering on obnoxious. The character's sudden success with the ladies and the large amounts of sex he winds up having smack of cheap wish-fulfilment, and when it comes down to it, Andy isn't even all that endearing. Arias is the generic stoner while Broussard doesn't get all that much to do, getting the least screen time of the four main characters. It's kind of weird to see Oscar nominee Demian Bichir in an over-the-top appearance as Andy's boss Yaco, while Judd seems to be having a degree of fun in full vampy cougar mode.
Deutch is the best thing about Good Kids by a mile. She has emerged as an elegant presence with fine comic sensibilities and a keen wit. She also seems intent on making a name for herself despite having somewhat famous parents to fall back on, appearing in no less than seven films being released in 2016. Her radiance is an appealing complement to the film's sun-kissed, idyllic coastal Massachusetts setting.
Good Kids is produced by Paul and Chris Weitz of American Pie fame, and it does come off like the reheated leftovers of that and any number of teen sex comedy flicks. Unlike American Pie, Good Kids won't spawn any catchphrases or enter the pop culture lexicon. There's plenty to say about millennials experiencing pre-college anxiety and getting caught in between the paper chase and revelling in youthful indiscretions, none of which Good Kids mines. The locale in which the story is set means it's often quite pretty to look at, but the predictable plot trajectory and uninspired humour make it a bit of a chore to sit through, even given its lean 86-minute runtime.
Summary: Drugs? Check. Booze? Check. Sex? Check. Originality, humour or warmth? Look elsewhere.


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Freight Train Blues Music Series
Legal Aid of NC
A Different Side Of Human Trafficking In North Carolina
By Amanda Magnus & Frank Stasio • Apr 4, 2019
U.S. Department of Agriculture / Creative Commons https://bit.ly/1N7X5iB
Legal Aid of North Carolina just released details of a $75,000 settlement involving three labor contractors who recruited 13 workers from Mexico to work in North Carolina through the federal H-2A visa program.
Small Budget Cut Deals Big Blow To Low-Income People In Need Of Legal Assistance
By Rusty Jacobs • Aug 22, 2017
Courtesy of Legal Aid of North Carolina.
Jessica Guyadeen is a 39-year-old single mother of three, enrolled at Wake Technical Community College. She's working towards an associate's degree in social work. Guyadeen has a good home and her kids—ages 17, 11, and 9—attend decent schools but just a few years ago things did not look so bright.
Got A Will? 'Project Will Power' Helps With Legal Papers
By Leoneda Inge • Oct 20, 2014
A community center near downtown Raleigh was buzzing with activity over the weekend. It wasn't kids playing, but instead people getting help making out their wills.
Malinda Holloway, 64, came early for her appointment at Project Will Power at Top Green Community Center on Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard.
Holloway heard about the event at church and decided she wanted a will now, despite resistance from her daughter.


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[Stainless Steel: Fridge, Stove, Dishwasher] Washer, Dryer, Central Vacuum, Central Air Conditioner, All Window Coverings, All Electrical Light Fixtures. Shed, And Garage Door Remotes.


How important is it for your business to be connected with the rest of the world? The more important connectivity is to your success, the more you'll appreciate North Central Indiana. Our area is crisscrossed by Interstate-quality state and federal highways that put six of the nation's main Interstates within an hour. That network of divided highways allows your shipments to travel safely and quickly, which is especially important if your products are perishable or time-sensitive. It also means you can get raw material when you need it, without worries about heavy traffic or bottlenecks.
Need to ship or receive in larger qualities? Our partner counties are served by two Class 1 railroads and a number of regional rail carriers, with a wide variety of sites and existing facilities adjacent to rail lines. If air cargo is important, you'll appreciate the operations at the Grissom Aeroplex, with its 12,500 foot runway; Fort Wayne International Airport just north of Kokomo; the Indianapolis International Airport and FedEx hub; South Bend International Airport; and the public-use regional airport at Purdue University.


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At least two South Bay public safety PACs have operated as "gray money" PACs in recent elections: Santa Clara Police Officers Association (POA) PAC and Silicon Valley Fraternal Order of Police PAC. In both cases the money came from developers and financed independent expenditures.
Gray money is independent expenditure money that travels through nesting PACs to make it more difficult to identify the sources of money. Sometimes that's just one step. Sometimes it's multiple steps, requiring another step back to find out who the PAC's donors are.
This kind of money funneling is becoming more common nationally, but it's a recent development in Santa Clara.
The Santa Clara Police Officers Association (POA) PAC spent $102,000 the 2016 election, and $85,000 of it came from developers and the California Apartment Association, according to financial reports filed in 2016 and 2017.
That was unprecedented for the PAC, which spent a mere $4,000 in 2014 to support the campaigns of former Mayor Jamie Matthews and former Council Member Dominic Caserta and Council Member Patrick Kolstad. Like 2018, 2016 was a POA contract negotiation year for the police.
In 2016 the PAC spent the developer money on the vicious "Letter from Your Mayor" black/white direct mail campaign attacking Police Chief Mike Sellers, Council Member Patricia Mahan, and losing Council candidates Ahmad Rafah, John McLemore and Mohammad Nadeem.
The POA PAC's big donors were: De Anza Properties (John Vidovitch): $20,000; Prometheus Real Estate Group: $15,000; Citation Homes/SCS Development: $10,000; Summerhill Homes: $10,000; and the California Apartment Association PAC: $10,000. The developers all have had projects before the Council in the last four years.
The Apartment Assoication donation does double duty for developers. They can give twice or give without being seen because the nested spending isn't visible without peeling another layer off the money onion.
For example, Irvine didn't donate to the POA PAC in 2016, but is the single largest donor to Apartment Association PACs — $250,000 between 2016 and 2018. Prometheus is the second largest Apartment Association PAC donor — $202,000 between 2016 and 2018. Other big Apartment Association PAC donors that are operating in Santa Clara include Sares Regis ($166,000) and Essex Property Trust ($156,000).
The Apartment Association PAC has spent in Santa Clara elections before: $21,000 in 2014 to support Caserta, Kolstad and former Mayor Matthews.
Although it wasn't on the Santa Clara ballot that year, the Apartment Association's big issue in 2016 was rent control, and its Issues PAC collected $1.2 million from property owners and developers in 2016 to defeat rent control in California cities, according to state financial reports. Prometheus donated $50,000 specifically to fight a rent control measure in Mountain View.
Santa Clara's POA PAC money funneling operation isn't unique. The practice has been employed by another South Bay police PAC: The Silicon Valley Fraternal Order of Police (SVFOP) PAC.
In 2014 the SVFOP PAC made independent expenditures supporting Magdalena Carrasco and attacking her opponent Xavier Campos in San José's 2014 City Council campaign. The PAC filed its financial reports in San José, while the NEC and the Apartment Association filed theirs with the California Secretary of State.
A sampling of police PAC spending from other California cities shows that while police union PACs spend big on political campaigns, their money appears to come almost exclusively from member dues.
Calls to the Santa Clara POA PAC for an explanation of its unprecedented political spending were not returned. The SVFOP PAC doesn't appear to be active anymore.
Editor's Note: In an earlier version of this story we said that another organization, the Association of Retired San José Police Officers and Firefighters PAC, was also involved in gray money activities with an East Bay real estate PAC.
The information was retrieved from the San José campaign finance reporting system under the Association's ID, and we have screen captures showing the search results from the campaign system.
However, the Association has never been associated with the real estate PAC and has no connection of any kind to it. We apologize for saying otherwise.
After being alerted by the Association PAC that our information was incorrect, we checked with San José City Clerk Teresa Lewis. She researched the filings and found that both groups used the same treasurer, who had filed both PACs' reports under the same ID. The City of San José's filing has now been corrected.
In an unusual step, we decided to revise the story rather than keep it online with a correction and explanation.
Even though courts have ruled that online newspaper content is considered the same as printed newspaper content — every copy of the paper isn't a separate instance of publishing — we think that the realities of our online search engine age sometimes demand flexibility. This is an exceptional action taken in an exceptional circumstance.
in monies/support that the City contributes also to their own events. Clean hands? NOT! everyone wants something right?
Ctovar, I would recommend you keep looking. You'll come across all the retractions and corrections to this falsehood, concocted and promoted by Robert Haugh, a former Weekly sports writer who was fired for this type of thing. The Metro published a retraction and apology for its story, which you can find on the same page you found the story.
Evidence shows Haugh knew his story was a lie when he published it.
Haugh published this story around March 26, 2017 — the date the Wayback Machine (archive.org) captured it, he has subsequently changed the story. Yet March 25, 2017 Jennifer Yamaguma, Santa Clara PIO at the time, emailed him stating that there were no payments to me, the Foundation or a random group of my acquaintances that Haugh apparently supposed were my confederates. On April 3 Yamaguma reiterated that the City contracted and paid the performers directly. If you provide us with an email address, I will send you copies of this correspondence.
While all of this correspondence was taking place, Haugh's story was continuing to spread these lies through social media. Lies do a lot of collateral damage.The damage this one has done has been lasting to the many Santa Clara residents and families that enjoyed the Triton Free Friday performances.


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Q: What happens if I attempt to romance either character? In Saints Row IV, there comes a point where The Protagonist is able to exit and enter the Simulation freely through Gateways. If the player exits the Simulation through one of said Gateways, they are transported to a Zin ship on which the Protagonist, Kinzie, and Keith have set up a sort of base. Here, the player may interact with the two NPCs. Specifically, they can choose to either talk to or "Romance" the character.
It sounds like it should be obvious what the second option does, but I'm still quite curious. What exactly will happen if you choose to romance one of the NPCs? Additionally, does the outcome depend on your character's gender and which NPC (Kinzie or Keith) that the Protagonist attempts to romance?

A: The "Romance" option isn't a long term thing the way it is in the Mass Effect series. It's just a short, amusing cutscene that can be done with as many characters as you want, as often as you want. Each character has their own "Romance" cutscene.

A: It will just play an often hilarious cutscene for each character. It is the same no matter which gender you are. It does not affect the story and doesn't have any other outcomes. It's just for fun, and to make fun of awkward love scenes in other games.


It's a kind of "European Idol" -- a flashy international contest to choose the best singer before the eyes of millions of television viewers. When Azerbaijan was chosen to host the 2012 Eurovision Song Contest, it had hoped that the glitzy competition would put a new shine on its image abroad.
Eurovision would let them show off "a modern, secular country that is proud of its roots," former government member Mikhail Jabbarov told Spiegel Magazine. Oil wealth has pumped new money into the nation. It boasts a stunningly high literacy rate.
Instead, the former Soviet nation is taking heat for alleged human rights abuses as the upcoming event focuses attention on the small country wedged between Iran and Russia.
Government crackdowns on dissent have been lamented by Amnesty International and other groups. Journalists have been abducted and threatened. The country was recently ranked 162nd out of 179 countries in media freedom by Reporters Without Borders.
"Azerbaijan will no doubt offer an opulent stage to voices from across Europe, but outside the concert hall, few critical voices are tolerated," Amnesty International program director John Dalhuisen said.
Last week, Human Rights Watch slammed Azerbaijan, accusing it of forcing families out of their homes to make way for the singing contest, which will take place in May at the Baku Crystal Hall in the country's capital. One of the displaced people was a navy captain.
"This man gave half his life to his country, and now they're throwing him out like the last dog," a building resident named Natalya Alibekova told Human Rights Watch.
An Azerbaijani official denied that any evictions were linked to Eurovision, saying they were part of a lawful urban renewal plan, and shot back at what it called "politicization" of the song contest.
"Not a single house has been destroyed, not a single object, and no evictions have been carried out" to accommodate Eurovision, Azerbaijani government official Ali Hasanov told the Agence France-Presse news agency.


We are delighted to present a screening of this award-winning documentary introduced by the director himself, who will take questions afterwards.
Mohammed Alatar has said: 'From my house in Ramallah I can see how the Wall encircles the city, blocking our horizon and imposing itself on the way we live, move and exist. My first major film, The Iron Wall, was about this very subject. It was released a few months after the 2004 International Court of Justice's advisory opinion [that the Wall is illegal]. Then, I had hoped soon to see the dismantlement of the Wall. How naive I was.
'Many questions haunt me. What was the cause behind the international community's failure to uphold the legal obligations, including "to respect and to ensure respect of" international humanitarian law? How can two UN resolutions and an ICJ advisory opinion be so easily disregarded? Who is to be held responsible? What does the failure to implement these high-level decisions mean for international law and its relevance today? And where can the people whose lives were ruined by the Wall seek justice, and by which means?
Mohammed Alatar is a leading Palestinian documentary director, though he sees himself more as a human-rights activist than as a filmmaker.
His films include The Iron Wall (2006) and Jerusalem… the East Side Story (2008). Broken won a Gold Award at the 2018 Spotlight Documentary Film Awards. Professor Avi Shlaim has called it 'a first-rate documentary that sheds a great deal of light on the intersection between law and politics'.