text:
[Printed book in 3 volumes, plus Pdf, Epub, Mobi.]
Recovering the Lost World,
A Saturnian Cosmology -- Jno Cook
Appendix D: Change of the Axis.
$Revision: 42.31 $ (axis.php)
Contents of this appendix: [An inclination of 25 Degrees] [Additional Changes] [Cardona's Critique] [Calendars] [Retrocalculation] [Considering Mars] [Summary] [Endnotes]
An inclination of 25 Degrees
And here we shall take up the demonstration, revelation, and account of how the axis changed three times since the end of the "Age of the Gods" (in terms of the opening words of the Popol Vuh). The need to question the axial inclination became clear on reading an essay by Euan MacKie, which I will discuss further below.
Let me suggest that after 3147 BC the inclination of the rotational axis of the Earth (to the plane of its orbit) might have been 25 or 26 degrees. The pyramids and the Sphinx, representing some of the earliest of Egypt's constructions, hint at this.
It is possible to suggest that the Sphinx was constructed to face the rising Sun at the solstice, when the current real Sun replaced Jupiter after Jupiter entered the asteroid belt at the end of the first dynasty in about 2860 BC (as I calculate it). If the inclination of the Earth's axis was 25 or 26 degrees, the most northerly location of the rising Sun, at the summer solstice, would occur at 29 to 30 degrees north latitude, which is the location of the Sphinx.
Assuming the virtual disappearance of Jupiter as the Midnight Sun after the end of the first dynasty, it could be suggested that the Sphinx was specifically constructed after the end of the first dynasty as a beacon to watch for the return of the Midnight Sun, Jupiter, which also traveled on the ecliptic, like the Sun.
Jupiter moves very slowly on its path around the zodiac. The location directly east from the Giza plateau would be where Jupiter was seen at the extreme of the ecliptic, and thus also at its earliest. If Jupiter had nearly disappeared, that is, had lost its giant lower mountain because it had entered the asteroid belt and no longer looked like Osiris moving through the sky as a mummified form, then perhaps the Sphinx was an attempt to coax his return. That would place the construction of the Sphinx after the start of the second dynasty, after 2860 BC.
Colin Reader, in "Giza Before the Fourth Dynasty" JACF (2002), suggests that the Sphinx dates from the first or second dynasty -- long before the Giza pyramids were constructed (in the fourth dynasty). It existed before the building of Khafre's causeway and mortuary temple. The walls of Khafre's mortuary temple are wedged into the enclosing wall of the Sphinx temple (the temple building actually is also a late construction). Khafre's mortuary temple was likely built after the Sphinx's temple building was constructed. The Sphinx itself is older than either.
The other suggestion for the placement of the Sphinx, might be as a vigil for Horus the hawk who had flown from east to west every day or night for 4000 years, although actually this was Saturn seeming to revolve around the Earth (due to the Earth's rotation). Saturn as Horus would also have appeared on the ecliptic, at least, apparently so. This concept might place the construction of the Sphinx at an even earlier time. A much earlier construction of the Sphinx (5000 BC to 9000 BC) was suggested by Robert Schoch, writing in Voices of the Rocks (1999), based on water damage. See the chapter "Pyramids and Henges" for a discussion on dating the Sphinx.
For the Giza plateau construction of the Sphinx a 25- or 26-degree inclination would suffice to suggest that the Sun traveled a completely different path at an earlier date. A 25- or 26-degree axial inclination could then be suggested as the initial condition of the inclination of the Earth's axis after release from Saturn in 3147 BC.
Saturn's inclination to its orbit is 26.7 degrees, but this is likely a numerical coincidence to the early inclination of the Earth's orbit. It would always have been this value. The 25-degree axial inclination of the Earth is with respect to the new (and current) orbit, and would have been something different when the orbit of the Earth paralleled the orbit of Saturn. [note 1]
A 25-degree inclination accounts well for the construction of the Sphinx as resulting from a change in the celestial display of the mountain of Jupiter which disappeared in about 2860 BC. At that time Jupiter entered the asteroid belt and its huge lower form disappeared. The coma would have become smaller in diameter. It is almost certain that this was the crisis that exchanged the second dynasty for the first. Current estimates list the end of the first dynasty as 2890 BC. We think political influences, but of overriding importance in antiquity was religious concepts.
It accounts well, however, if it can be agreed that the Egyptians considered the overhead passage of the Sun as considerably more important than its easterly rising. This duplicates the attitudes of the Olmecs of Mesoamerica, who, following the theories of Clyde Winters, likely had North African origins.
Nekhen, the center of early religious activity in Egypt, is at 25.1 degrees north latitude. At Nekhen the Sun would have traveled to stand directly overhead (90 degrees) at noon at the spring and fall equinox if the Earth's axial inclination had been 25.1 or 25.2 degrees. This is because Nekhen is located at a latitude equal to the axial inclination of the Earth.
About Nekhen, Wikipedia reports:
"[Nekhen] was the religious and political capital of Upper Egypt at the end of the Predynastic period (c. 3200-3100 BC) and probably also during the Early Dynastic Period (c. 3100-2686 BC). Some authors suggest occupation dates that should begin thousands of years earlier."
As I have previously pointed out, the inclination of Earth's axis and the rotational axis of Saturn did not match in the era before 3147 BC. The ancients insisted that the earlier polar apparition rotated in a circle "without cease," but this would have consisted of Saturn traveling in a circle in the north sky. It would not be the rotation of Saturn about itself.
It is the difference in the inclination of the rotational axis of Earth and Saturn which would have seemed to make Saturn rotate in the sky. The inclination of the rotational axis of the Earth to this original orbit (inclined at 4.51 degrees to the Sun's equatorial, like Saturn's orbit) would thus have been 28.5 degrees. The difference from the absolute inclination of Saturn is not much, only about 2.5 degrees. But this would result in a 5-degree diameter circle that Saturn would have traveled in the north sky. This is still 10 diameters of the Moon. [note 2]
Despite a certain elegance of the above speculations, there are problems with these concepts. For one, the axial inclination was 30 degrees after 1492 BC. The 30 degree inclination might have been in effect since 3147 BC (although I doubt that). Calendars and orbits will not indicate any of those possible changes. The only secondary indication would be the occupation by humans of the region above the Arctic Circle, but this will be influenced by the overall climate, which was considerable better before 1492 BC.
At this point I would suggest that after 3147 BC the Earth might have had an axial inclination of 25.2 degrees (following G.F.Dodwell). Released from Saturn, it started on an orbit around the Sun, where the location of the release constituted the aphelion of the orbit -- May 28th, apparently. This would be the location Earth would return to yearly until the orbit changed again at a later date.
When did the inclination change to 30 degrees? I would suggest that most likely this happened in 1492 BC. The Earth apparently not only tilted to a horizontal position, but it took the Earth 13 months to upright itself again. There are enough incidental memories and legends to substantiate this last. The number of months varies, but is much larger than expected for a gyroscopic reaction. The massive gyroscopic reaction torque suggests the possibility of large changes in orbital parameters, and in fact the Earth's orbit became 30 percent larger.
Additional Changes
The need for considering possible changes in the axial inclination was initiated by an essay by Euan MacKie, "Megalithic Astronomy and Catastrophism," in Pensee magazine (1974). MacKie based his information on the research of Alexander Thom as reported in Thom's Megalithic Sites in Britain (1967).
Absolutely typical of the befuddled attitude expressed by both MacKie and Thom, which does not seem to ever question what both learned in grade school, is the insistence on determining calendars over and over again with 300 separate alignments of stones, and the insistence that these were all to the benefit of farmers, "so they would know when to plant."
So I tackled the question of why so many stone arrays and circles needed to be set up in Great Britain over a period of 200 years, and then abandoned almost completely. I looked at the possibility of a change in the axial inclination of the Earth (although generally humans do not care about that), the path of the Sun and the path of the Moon (although, again, no one cares), and finally, the possibility that this represented another set of destructive close calls by Mars.
I should warn the reader that I do not, in the following, reach a definitive conclusion about megalithic astronomy, or the inclination of the Earth's rotational axis. Intrusions by Mars, however, fit well with other archaeological data.
MacKie discusses two locations in Scotland, three standing stones at Ballochroy (55.70 north latitude), aligned parallel with three mountain peaks 18 miles (29 km) away, and one at Kintraw farm (Argyll) at 56.12 north latitude facing southwest to a mountain peak 28 miles (32 km) away.
[Image: Standing stones at Ballochroy, Scotland. After stonesofwonder.com.]
MacKie introduces his article with the following:
"The dating of the megalithic observatories to the period from about 2000-1800 B.C. seems fairly secure and puts them firmly into the epoch preceding Velikovsky's major cataclysms of the 15th century B.C. In spite of this, the alignments so far identified do fit well with the present celestial system retrojected to the period concerned."
Despite further hemming and hawing, here is how the article was understood by followers of Velikovsky: it dismissed Velikovsky's claims to changes in the inclination of the Earth's axis, changes in the length of the year, relocation of the geographic pole, and a number of other changes. I will attempt to clear some of this up.
Let me also point out that Dwardu Cardona, in "The Cairns Of Kintraw" (Kronos 1979), and in a second article, all but demolished the contention of a megalithic alignment with the Sun at the solstice at these particular locations, summing it up as, "... given enough stones and a mountainous horizon, some celestial occurrences are apt to line up with something," and this despite the fact that Thom initially considered these two locations (Kintraw and Ballochroy) to be the most important solstitial sites. More on this further below.
[Image: Progress of the Ballochroy solstice sunset; after Thom.]
I was similarly ready to dismiss the alignments found by Thom, especially since a perusal of Thom's writings shows him expanding his ideas well beyond what might otherwise be acceptable. One secondary result of his investigations has been the definition of a "megalithic yard," for which, more than anything else, he has been faulted. But a megalithic yard is easier to mock than his proposed alignments, since almost no one knows anything about axial inclinations, solar declinations, and the equation of precession.
The claims that megalithic alignments like these are seen throughout the world during this period (meaning, as usual, throughout Europe or the UK), are not meaningful. This could easily be another resurgence of the insane interest in circles of our ancestors which had been interrupted in 2193 BC.
The evidence brought forward by Thom is that the inclination of the Earth's rotational axis with the normal to the plane of the orbit (which I will simply call "inclination" or "axial inclination") could be derived from today's value of 23.5 degrees in a series of minute changes resulting in an "average" inclination of 23.9 degrees -- 0.4 degrees more than today. Suggesting a total change of 0.4 degrees in 4000 years is an extraordinary uniformitarian claim. MacKie attempted to verify this for the two locations discussed here, one for a summer solstice position at Ballochroy, the other for a midwinter solstice at Kintraw.
[Image: Standing stone at Kintraw, Scotland. After Thom.]
I had established earlier in these texts that the inclination of the axis was 30 degrees before 685 BC, and was ready to suggest that this might have continued without interruption from 3147 BC. Here, however, is different information, comfortably fitting Establishment assumptions that the inclination of the axis has always been the same as today, or nearly so.
What I should point out, first, is that the obsession with finding these solstitial sunsets existed only in the period from 2000 BC to about 1800 BC, and second, that the reported values of the axial inclination (actually the Sun's declination from the equatorial, which accounts for uneven horizons) are not all that close to the expected values. Retrocalculation from today places the best values in 1800 BC, says Thom (others have suggested 1600 BC). For the three standing stones at Ballochroy, MacKie arrives at a series of values which ranged from about 20 degrees to 24 degrees. Thom used an "averaged" inclination of 23.9 degrees, only 0.4 degrees different from today, but apparently based on a wider range of observations than these two.
The dating via a retrocalculation is based on observations made in 1909 of a slight tendency for the Earth's axis to move to the vertical. The span of observations for this was less than a decade, but the data was expected to hold for 3800 years into the past. The total change during that 3800-year period amounts to less than a half degree -- about the width of the Sun. Carbon-14 dating of the sites results in dates of about the same order -- a fortunate coincidence for the researchers.
A Critique by Cardona
In two articles in Kronos in 1979, "The Stones of Ballochroy" and "The Cairns of Kintraw," Dwardu Cardona critiques the alignments cited above. About Ballochroy Cardona writes:
"In fact, despite the latitude of 55.7 degrees, the 90 degree angle which separates the two sunsets at this locality as it is shown in Thom's plan, is only a myth. Neither the stone row nor the orientation of the stones 'points' directly to either of the two sunsets under consideration."
The "90 degrees," mentioned above, is derived from the fact that the solstitial sunsets at midsummer and midwinter are each 45 degrees north or south of west at this latitude for an axial inclination of 23.9 degrees. Actually the summer and winter sunsets are 87.8 degrees apart for a latitude of 55.7 degrees, and 89.0 degrees for a latitude of 56.12 north. We could say "about 90 degrees." But there is more.
For the sightings at Kintraw, Cardona points out that the intended target, an island 18 miles away, could not be seen from the location of the menhirs. Additionally he writes:
"Then, in 1969, Thom gave us a new diagram with a new set of lines. The line from the twelve foot menhir which runs through the centre of the stone 'circle' is no longer shown as indicating Beinn Shiantaidh. It is now shown as pointing to Dubh Beinn. What was a solar sight line has now become a lunar one."
At this point that Cardona makes his observation about "... given enough stones ...."
Skipping most of these critiques, let me instead simply point out that if Thom held these two sites to be the most valid of the 300 studied, the critique could be extended to all the other data, and suggest that none of the other observations are valid alignments of solstice sunsets for an axial inclination of 23.5 or 23.9 degrees.
The expressed notion of these two reputable researchers and astronomers is that all the solstitial markers (throughout Scotland and England) represented efforts at establishing a calendar. It is hard to take this seriously. We are even told that this was to the benefit of local farmers, who would then know when to plant their crops, and even, as one unrelated astronomer of note claims about calendars, "when to harvest." Do reputable astronomers ever plant flowers in their front yard? [note 3]
Certainly it is not likely that any of this represented efforts at establishing a calendar, despite the fact that China, Babylon (in a late retelling), the Olmecs, and the Hebrews (as implied in Exodus) all recall settling on a calendar after 2349 BC -- and in many cases settling on a revised calendar. But, more important, calendars are not used by farmers, who plant by the weather, but are used to determine religious feast days. Archaeologists forget that our ancestors were absolutely obsessed with religious observances.
The date of the equinox is much easier to find than the date of the solstice. In fact, from what we know of ancient calendars, it appears that the year almost universally started with the fall equinox, or with the culmination of the Pleiades, two days later -- even with later revised calendars. The culmination of the Pleiades also remained a major religious feast day. For this a calendar, or the determination of the date of the solstice, would not be needed. It would be very obvious from a look at the skies.
The repeated sighting locations for the solstitial sunset (if these are what these standing stones represent) look like absolutely desperate attempts at determining the course of the Sun as it changed its travel in the sky. I should add "or something," because maybe it was not the Sun that was being tracked.
Retrocalculation
The reader will have asked, how can the uniformitarian approach determine that 1800 BC is an exact extension backward of today's celestial parameters and conditions? This is called "retrocalculation" (Mackie calls it "retrojection") and involves the conviction that the year has always been 365.24 days long, that the Moon has always taken 29.5 days to complete a month, and that the established precession of the equinox has always been in effect. Thus Thom will claim that we are looking at the sky of 1800 BC, which, however, cannot be identified from the locations of the Sun or Moon, but only from the stars -- of which he identifies one, Spica, which he later withdraws from consideration.
It is this last, the precession of the equinox (along with the inclination of the axis), which determines where the Sun would rise or set against the backdrop of the stars. As an exercise in applied uniformitarian astronomy, this is easy to find. So the proper coincidence of horizon sunsets at the summer solstice in the remote past is simply the application of the current value of the precession (measured, for example, in years per degree, as below) to today's skies. That will rotate the skies (the stars) about 52 degrees along the horizon in order to reach 1800 BC -- although there is no way to check that.
Thom's value, determined from AD 1967 (when his book was published), would be:
(1800 + 1967) / 72 = 52.3 degrees
This value, which has been independently derived by Thom and by others, can be checked against what I hold to be the case: (1) there was no precession of the equinox before 747 BC, and (2) in 685 BC the dome of the skies moved 15 days forward.
(747 + 1967) / 72 + 15 = 52.7 degrees
Is that close enough? The change in the equinox in 685 BC, which has been solidly established in previous texts, is completely responsible for presenting to archaeologists a picture of absolute uniformity.
I should point out that Thom's calculations are actually not quite as simple as this. He uses a slight adjustment in the value (in degrees per year), originally derived by Simon Newcomb between AD 1900 and 1909, and assumes that this can be extended backward in time by nearly 4000 years. The problem is that this adjustment formula has almost no guarantee of validity, both because of the limited data on which it is based and especially since historically the precession of the equinox has been recognized as varying. [note 4]
I must say I have no idea how such certainty about the date of 1800 BC was arrived at. But it is of great interest that the 15-day shift into the future in 685 BC can account for all of the change since 1800 BC.
Considering Mars
I have considered the possibility that the monuments might have something to do with the Sun, or with the Moon, but except for the muddled set of changing observations, these two tell nothing. I therefore considered Mars and Mercury. This possibility has already been broached in the chapter "The Day of the Dead." It involves close approaches of Mars during the end of the Early Bronze Age.
No reputation of insane destructiveness ever became attached to Mercury. The burning and melting of hilltop forts or citadels in Scottland was entirely due to Mars having inched south along its tilted orbit, but moderated by the greater distance between Mars and Earth at the higher level.
Scottland did not have the populous cities of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Some 60 stone structures were damaged in Scotland, with additional ones in northern Europe (there are about 200 in total).
The destructions in Scottland involves one of the sets of dates for Middle Eastern destructions recorded by Claude Schaeffer in Stratigraphie Comparée et Chronologie de L'Asie Occidentale (1948). He lists (among other things) a date of 1700 BC when many urban centers in the Middle East were destroyed. The date of 1700 BC is one from his series of dates which cannot easily be moved to a different period, for instance, by imposing our knowledge of the fictional Greek "Dark Ages."
To be included in Schaeffer's listing of cataclysmic archaeological conditions, the disturbing elements had to include earthquakes and firestorms. This would signify close contacts with Mars -- very close. This had been the case for a period of 300 years some 1200 or 1300 years earlier starting in about 3070 BC. This would happen again for a period of (only) 120 years, some 1000 or 1100 years later, starting in 806 BC. Others have pointed out that fires were the predominant cause of destruction.
Adding the known starting date (3067 BC) for the close passes of Mars after 3147 BC, and the start of close passes in the 8th and 7th century BC (806 BC), and dividing by two, results in a starting date of 1936 BC as a likely onset of this set of "contacts" by Mars. This falls in the center of Thom's era of investigation, and will match Schaeffer's date if this represents a midpoint.
I am suggesting, therefore, that close passes by Mars were the concern among the Scots and many other people -- China, India, and portions of northern and central Europe.
Why would the solstice be involved, if indeed it was? Actually, only two dates would qualify for a close contact by Mars. That would be dates near the equinoxes. I think the solstice had nothing to do with any of the monumental constructions.
The condition of Mars overrunning the orbit of Earth would continue as long as the perihelion of Mars's orbit fell inside the orbit of Earth. Lynn Rose and Raymond Vaughan in 1994, in proposing a solution to the data of the Venus Tablets of Ammizaduga, reported that in 670 BC (some years after the nova event of 685 BC) the eccentricity of the Earth's orbit changed significantly (from 0.10 to 0.0+). This means the orbit of Earth became nearly circular, and was no longer overrun by Mars.
Is the conviction of uniformitarian astronomers that the Earth's axis was inclined (as it was supposed to be) at 23.9 degrees in 1800 BC correct?
Not likely. All indications are that a different axial inclination was in effect since remote antiquity, and perhaps since before the beginning date of the era of interest to Alexander Thom.
Can this be squared with my conviction that after 1492 BC the inclination of the axis would have to be 30 degrees, and remained at that value until 685 BC?
It can, although that is another matter. I am on an entirely different path from Thom and MacKie. I can only reconcile their finding as some sort of mistaken reading of the facts. Frankly, I do not see how the finding of an "average alignment of 23.9 degrees" could be derived except through a driving conviction in the dominant paradigm of uniformitarian archaeology. It is a convincing fiction only in the eyes of those who wish it to be that way.
What might be the reason for the 200 years of activities, erecting circles and lines of large standing stones as well as single stones, by the tribes of Scotland (and apparently throughout northern and central Europe)?
It was most likely the interference of Mars with Earth between 2000 BC (I calculate this as 1936 BC) and 1800 BC. Since Mars traveled on an orbit inclined by 1.85 degrees to the orbit of Earth (the ecliptic), Mars would have inched down (to the south) over the course of one or two days when Earth and Mars were close together at the spring equinox (and the reverse in the fall). Mercury was located some 100,000 miles above Mars, and electrical contacts with Earth would not have been likely.
Note 1 --
Quoted from http://www.science-frontiers.com/sf030/index.htm:
"Australian astronomer G.F. Dodwell has analyzed the observational records compiled for the many gnomons erected all over the civilized world during the past 4,000 years. Gnomons are vertical markers that cast shadows from which the local latitudes can be computed. (All one needs are the measurements of the shadow lengths on the longest and shortest days of the year.) The earth's tilt or obliquity of the ecliptic may also be calculated from gnomon data -- and therein lies the anomaly. The tilt of the earth's axis is supposed to vary cyclically between 22 and 24.5� over a period of some 40,000 years due to the pulls of the moon, the sun, and the planets on the earth's equatorial bulge..."
[Image: Obliquity data since 2300 BC, after Dodwell.]
"Tilt angles computed from ancient gnomon observations deviate markedly from the theoretical curve. The alignment of the ancient Egyptian temple at Karnak and other oriented sites extend the deviation toward the date 2345 B.C. [This is the asymptotic date for the plotted data.] Either the ancient observations were systematically in error all over the world or the earth's tilt angle changed in historical times."
Dodwell's earliest inclination is 25.2 degrees, derived from a pylon at the temple of Karnak, built in 2045 BC. Dodwell assumes an exponentially declining sine curve for the values, as if the Earth was impacted in about 2345 BC and wobbled back and forth in decreasing swings. Not entertained is the possibility that the Earth's tilt always was 25.2 degrees.
[return to text]
Since the orbit of Saturn is inclined at 4.51 degrees to the Sun's equator, and the Earth's current orbit is inclined at 7 degrees to the Sun's equator, there is a 2.49 degree difference between the inclination of the Earth's original parallel orbit to Saturn's orbit. This places the inclination of the Earth's axis at 28.5 degrees to the plane of the orbit before 3147 BC.
Compare this to Saturn's inclination to its orbit, which would not have changed since 3147 BC, and it will be seen that the axis of rotation of the two planets did not coincide, although the measures (26.7 and 28.5 degrees) are close, as seen in the sky they are still two finger-widths apart in radius and four in diameter.
The aphelion of the Earth's orbit today is July 4th or 5th (it varies with leap years).
Phillip Pait, in Death From the Skies (2008), which sports a Reader's Digest version of traditional and consensual knowledge -- what everyone supposedly knows -- writes:
"... astronomy is actually the world's oldest profession: early agricultural civilizations needed to know when to plant their crops and when to harvest, and the changing skies gave them their clues."
"The Sun was worshipped, and the Moon. This evolved into the belief that all the gods lived in the sky."
Could he be any more wrong? The Sun and Moon have never been worshipped anywhere except in the imaginations of astronomers. Additionally, I would award the honors of being "the world's oldest profession" not to astronomers, but to a group of people of a different occupation.
Euan MacKie reports:
"... this modern motion, when projected back into the past with the aid of the Newcomb formula, reveals that a solstice of 23 degrees 54 minutes existed at about 1800 B.C., a date which fits very well with the date of the standing stones derived from independent archaeological evidence [Carbon-14 dates]. Clearly, powerful arguments would need to be marshalled against this apparently neat coincidence if a catastrophic interpretation were favored."
Here is the powerful argument: The Newcomb formula determines the multiplier for precession of the equinox as, (50.2564 + 0.0002222) * {years}, where "50.2564" is the number of seconds of a degree per year, thus 50/3600 degrees, and .000222 is a very small additional multiplier. The inverse of 50/3600 is 72, which is the number of years per degree, and the value I used.
From http://www.binaryresearchinstitute.org/, a site which disputes Newcomb's formula, we have:
"Calculated precession rates over the last 100 years show increasing precession rates which produce a declining precession cycle period. There is no reason the relatively constant mass of the Sun and Moon torquing the Earth should produce such figures."
The idea of "the Sun and Moon torquing the Earth" is just made-up science nonsense (first introduced by Newton), which the above quoted text actually acknowledges. I have shown that it is the Moon's repeated entry into the Earth's plasmasphere which is at cause, and therefore precession is a function of the size of the Earth's plasmasphere. This, in turn, is controlled by the Sun's electrical field at the exterior of the Earth's plasmasphere.
Calculations are in Unix bc notation, where ^ denotes exponentiation; the functions a(rctangent), s(ine), and c(osine) use radians; angle conversions to radians or degrees by the divisors rad=.017+ and deg=57.2+; other functions are shown as f( ); tan( )=s( )/c( )
units: million == 1,000,000; billion == 1,000,000,000;
AU == 93,000,000 miles.
URL of this page: http://saturniancosmology.org/axis.php
This page last updated: Thursday, May 31st, 2018
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Reviews » DVD Video Reviews » Cradle 2 The Grave
Cradle 2 The Grave
Warner Bros. // R // August 12, 2003
Review by Aaron Beierle | posted July 30, 2003 | E-mail the Author
Rent It
"Cradle 2 The Grave" is simply what it is. It's a ridiculous martial arts/action movie. It has no ambition to be better than the usual, but provides the expected: Jet Li, doing stunts that make him look like a human special effect? Check. Car chases? Check. Catfight between Gabrielle Union and Kelly Hu? Check. Cheesy Dialogue? Check. So-so acting? Check. Slight story, slick cinematography and flashy editing? Check, check and check.
The film is directed by Andrzej Bartkowiak, who directed star Jet Li in "Romeo Must Die" and was the cinematographer on "Lethal Weapon 4", where Li had a small role. His directorial efforts - 3 , at this point - have been largely the same. While technically well-made, there's got to be a better script out there for director Bartkowiak's visual style and Li's rapid-fire action.
The film stars Li and rapper DMX, who previously appeared in the director's "Exit Wounds", where he co-starred with Steven Segal. DMX plays Tony Fait, a big-time robber who's accompanied by a loyal crew (Anthony Anderson, Gabrielle Union and Drag-On). The movie opens with a robbery sequence where Fait has worked his way into a vault where precious black diamonds are hidden. Li is a Taiwanese intelligence officer named Su, who's been sent to the US to recover said stones, which could cause destruction if obtained by criminal Ling (Mark Dacascos). Anthony Anderson and Tom Arnold play the sidekicks. Yeah, it's that kinda thing.
It's fun to finally see Jet Li back to normal after the ridiculousness of the effects-driven "The One". He still hasn't found an American film to match his strengths, but at least this provides a chance for Li to look calm, cool and collected and he leisurely (and effortlessly) shows off his martial arts skills. DMX needs some further work in terms of acting, but he certainly has presence and intensity to spare. Tom Arnold is actually amusing here once or twice (no, I couldn't believe it, either.) Gabrielle Union is good in a smaller role, while the great Chi McBride (who deserves something more than "Boston Public") turns up in a supporting effort.
The film's action scenes are satisfactory; Li provides some impressive moves (although the action scenes in Li's "Kiss of the Dragon" were better), while DMX is featured in an ATV chase that zips up stairs and over a rooftop. The plot is ridiculous and the movie is often silly, but it doesn't claim to be anything more than it is. It doesn't claim to be a groundbreaking action film, either, but it's one of those actioners that passes the time pretty superbly on a rainy day.
VIDEO: "Cradle 2 The Grave" is presented by Warner Brothers in 2.35:1 anamorphic widescreen. This is generally an excellent transfer, with only a couple of flaws to keep it from being outstanding. Sharpness and detail are first-rate, as the picture remained bright, crisp and well-defined throughout. Fine details weren't always present, but the brighter, outdoor scenes offered a lot of depth and definition to the image.
The picture remained largely free of flaws, but I notice a few concerns that presented themselves once or twice throughout the film. Some light instances of edge enhancement were present, although not enough was present to really effect the image quality. A couple of traces of pixelation appeared, but nothing serious. As one would expect, the print seemed to be in excellent condition, with no scratches, wear or dirt. Colors remained bright, rich and well-saturated throughout, with no issues. Another very nice transfer from Warner Brothers.
SOUND: "Cradle 2 the Grave" is presented in Dolby Digital 5.1. The film's soundtrack capably handles the material. Although sound effects aren't constantly flying from the rear speakers, the film's sound mix does a fine job to open out the action further into the listening space, with cars driving through and other such events. The score and rap songs on the soundtrack also take full advantage, as both are often heavily reinforced by the surrounds. Audio quality was perfectly fine, as some sound effects and the rap tunes were backed by solid bass, while dialogue and other sound elements remained clean and clear.
EXTRAS: A feature on camera placement (which includes a multi-angle look at the final fight); a feature on a new camera "decender" device used for an action scene; a feature on Ultimate Fighting; DMX "X Gonna Give It To Ya" music video; trailer and bios. Not too much, but given the fact that nearly everything seems to have a commentary these days, it was almost nice to not have one to go through here.
Final Thoughts: "Cradle 2 the Grave" was a basically enjoyable action movie. It wasn't anything extraordinary and Jet Li still needs to find a better showcase for his action talents, but it passed by quickly and had remained energetic and moderately entertaining. Warner Brothers has provided a nice DVD for the film - audio/video quality are first-rate, and the extras are slim, but informative. A rental for action fans.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Our Services: Outreach & Engagement
February 17, 2014 /in Services, Stories, Videos /by Join PDX
There is an urgent need in our community to reengage homeless individuals who who have been unable to access the traditional system and its supports to move off the street. Oftentimes the experiences of chronically homeless individuals are characterized by isolation, alienation, and degradation.
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Kat's 9 Lives: You Call This Chinese Food??
Before I left for SF, I met up with TP for lunch in Irvine Spectrum. TP is in the center picture right in front of the door. I have never eaten at PF Chang's because it's food that I can easily make at home. The prices here are much higher than what you'd see at normal Chinese restaurants. I refuse to pay more for a lower quality meal. If it wasn't for TP, I wouldn't have ever stepped into a PF Changs. It's your typical Americanized mediocre Chinese food chain. To me, it's almost on the same level as Panda Express. I think I'd rather have Panda Express because it's cheaper and tastes about the same.
The place was packed that afternoon. We decided to order their Traditional Lunch Bowls that was actually on a plate and not in a bowl. They come with either Hot & Sour or Egg Drop Soup. The flavor was decent and not too heavy. TP decided to order the Almond & Cashew Chicken. It was decent, but nothing special. The only thing I really liked about this dish was that they used chicken breast versus dark meat. Even though I love white meat more, dark meat does make certain dishes better since it's a fattier meat and retains moisture. I think this dish goes better with brown rice than white rice.
I decided to get the Crispy Honey Chicken and the Citrus Soy Salmon. White rice goes better with the honey chicken and compliments the flavor, whereas the salmon went better with the brown rice. I liked the crispy honey chicken because it was fried and sweet. It's nothing special but you can never go wrong with yummy fried food glazed with honey. The salmon was horrible! It was way overcooked so it was extremely dry and tough! I can NOT believe they served me such a poorly prepared salmon. The sauce that it came with was extremely salty and disgusting. I really should have sent the dish back and talked to the manager, but instead I chalked it up to I will never be back.
I can't believe you went to PF Chang's! It's not real Chinese food!!
I call it chinese food you picky asians!
Of course we are picky on Chinese food, after all we are Chinese. Who else knows their own culture's food better? To each their own I always say.
If you like PF Chang's you will like this other place I am about to review, Red Velvet Cafe.


EGYPTIAN Named for the place where the cotton is grown—the good stuff comes from along the Nile, although any cotton grown in the country can be labeled "Egyptian." It's prized for its softness and long fibers.
TURKISH These towels are created with very long, fine fibers which are grown around the country of Turkey. Known for their durability, Turkish towels also have a natural sheen and become increasingly absorbent after being washed.
ZERO-TWIST This recent technological innovation uses a special yarn that is wrapped around cotton fibers and then dissolved away to create untwisted cotton loops. These absorbent towels dry very fast and are among the softest available.
TERRY A looped pile made of yarns. The quality of the terry is determined by the number of threads, or plys, that are twisted together to make up that yarn. The thicker the threads in the yarn, and the closer the yarns are, the softer the towel.
BAMBOO Most are a combination of bamboo and cotton fibers blended to create towels so absorbent and soft that they won our interoffice dry-off competition. While not a scientific test, we agreed this antibacterial product is worth all the hype.
SUPIMA Pima cotton is grown in several countries, including the U.S.A. "Supima" towels are created from 100 percent pima cotton, from one of about 300 U.S. mills recognized for their high quality standards.


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Panasonic's flagship GZ2000 OLED TV features Dolby Vision and Atmos speakers
The GZ2000 is the first TV to support HDR10+ and Dolby Vision
Panasonic has a brand new flagship OLED TV, the GZ2000, featuring HDR10+, Dolby Vision and integrated Dolby Atmos upward-firing speakers tuned by Technics. Promising to be "the world's most cinematic TV", it features a currently unrivalled level of support for the latest picture and sound technologies.
On show at this year's CES, the Panasonic GZ2000 for 2019 will look to build on the five-star success of Panasonic's previous generation OLED TVs, the FZ802 and FZ952, and aims to do so using wide thorough TV tech support.
Available in 55-inch and 65-inch models, it's the world's first TV to support both HDR10+ and Dolby Vision, the two variations on HDR picture technology. This means no matter the 4K disc or streaming content you watch, the TV will be in a position to optimise its performance.
This performance optimisation takes place on an OLED panel colour-tuned by Stefan Sonnenfeld, a respected Hollywood professional who uses Panasonic screens to as his reference monitors, alongside the work done by Panasonic's own R&D team. In particular, the screen is said to deliver a brighter picture with improved dynamics and contrast. And if you want to make your own mark, you can use the CalMAN PatternGen test patterns to calibrate your picture.
There's an upgraded processor, the HCX Pro Intelligent processor no less, which of course supports the dynamic metadata required for HDR10+ and Dolby Vision. It's also compatible with HLG, an HDR format favoured for live broadcasts, and used in the BBC's 4K iPlayer tests.
The GZ2000 doesn't neglect the sound, either. Another world first, you'll find upward-firing Dolby Atmos speakers tucked into the chassis of the TV set. Multiple speaker units aim to deliver something approaching the immersive surround sound we'd expect from Atmos, and the sound system has been tuned by the company's Technics audio brand.
Also new for 2019 is a new-look My Home Screen 4.0, a redesigned, customisable interface, with access to Amazon, Netflix, YouTube and live TV, as well as support for Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant voice control.
More details, including the price and release date are expected to follow, and we'll be getting hands-on first impressions of the new TV very soon.
Samsung announces 98in version of its 8K QLED TV
LG unveils rollable Signature OLED TV R at CES 2019
The best Prime Day Tuesday deals: Apple iPad, OLED TV and more
When does Amazon Prime Day end?
You can buy true wireless headphones for £30 (yes, really) in the Prime Day sale


Do you know what integrative medicine is?
If not, don't worry -- you're not alone. Many Americans are woefully unaware of one of the most effective forms of medicine. To help you get in the know on this ancient secret, I've summarized the definition, history, and practices of integrative medicine.
The information collected here is from one of America's foremost experts: Dr. Tad Sztykowski (who has treated more than 46,000 patients and has over 30 years of experience).
Traditionally, integrative medicine is form of healthcare that relies first on Chinese techniques (e.g. acupuncture, massage, and lifestyle changes) before resorting to the Western techniques (e.g. surgeries and medications).
Integrative medicine focuses on preventing more serious ailments with less invasive and drastic treatments. Practicing yoga, meditation, qi gong, tai chi, and using Chinese herbs are all ways to bring integrative therapy into your life.
"The Chinese were the ones that first came up with integrative medicine and that was back in the 1950s. So we are talking 60+ years right now and it was basically a necessity," begins Dr. Tad. After World War 2, communist China was extremely poor -- they could not afford the expensive Western medicine. Mao also disliked the older chinese medicine, often called Emperor's Medicine, because the communists did not support emperors. Still, Mao needed to provide healthcare to the 5 or 6 million people at the time. As a result, they took aspects of both Western and the Emperor's medicine to create integrative medicine.
Integrative medicine has it's roots in history, but that doesn't mean it's old fashioned. In fact, China has been reported to be a healthier nation than the United States, while spending far less money on their health care system (about 25x less).
In America, the first person to really start talking about integrative medicine was Dr. Weil. He started training post-graduate medical doctors to add more natural approaches to medical care. This included training on acupuncture, Chinese herbs, dietary changes, etc.
Even though it's been about 23 years, America still hasn't realized the full extent of benefits from integrative medicine. "We are still not utilizing this medicine in the proper manner," laments Dr. Tad. "We still have a lot to catch up [on] and a lot to change."
To simplify, Dr. Tad broke down the differences into three major categories. First, the primary goal of integrative medicine is to find the root cause of the ailment. Second, integrative medicine treats the root cause of the ailment, rather than the symptoms. The third point of difference is to use the least "harmful treatment options" before something harsher, like medications and surgery.
Check back next week for the next post in the series. We will be covering how integrative medicine helps cancer patients, as well as people who may not currently have any health problems.
Want to connect with skilled integrative medicine experts like CIMH in your area?


French President Francois Hollande opts to address university students instead.
French President François Hollande is not welcome in the Knesset, Speaker Yuli Edelstein declared on Wednesday.
Hollande had decided to speak to university students, not the Knesset, during his visit to Israel in three weeks, and Edelstein responded to the snub in kind.
"Whoever disrespects the Knesset does not deserve the Knesset's respect," Edelstein wrote on Facebook.
"International leaders cannot belittle the Knesset, the elected parliament of the State of Israel, and ignore it.
Previous French presidents Nicolas Sarkozy and Jacques Chirac gave speeches at the Knesset, and Hollande was scheduled to do so as well, but he canceled.
Explaining why no speech by Hollande at the Knesset was reason enough to refuse a meeting with the French president, Edelstein said, "There are 119 other MKs.
New French Ambassador Patrick Maisonnave will not be invited to any official Knesset ceremonies, nor will other French dignitaries or ministers visiting here.
"There are plenty of events in universities. I'm sure the French officials will be too busy to find time for the Knesset," Edelstein remarked sarcastically.
US President Barack Obama, on his visit here, also chose to address students and not the Knesset.
Edelstein said he was disappointed then, too, but the difference was that Obama had visited Israel shortly after the government was formed, and the Knesset was disorganized.
A French Embassy spokeswoman said she was "surprised" by Edelstein's reaction, because Hollande's schedule had not yet been finalized.


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French Fridays: 24 hours in Paris | eat. live. travel. write.
NEWSFLASH! This entry made the top 10 in the Accor Hotel's "24 Hours" Blogger Contest! Click here to vote for this entry!
Regular readers will know I'm deeply immersed in recipe development for my very first cookbook right now. It's a lot of work (on top of my full-time job and blogging) but I seem to be getting there. Every now and then, though, I do find myself sitting at my desk or standing in the kitchen, daydreaming about the day when I can wake up with a day to myself. Even better? A day to myself in Paris.
Many of you know that I lived in Paris for many years when I was much younger, and it's a city that still holds a very special place in my heart. Until we purchased our vacation rental property in the South West of France, we spent a fair bit of time in Paris (me especially) but in recent years our holidays have focussed on Nérac and the surrounding area. Not that we are complaining at all by I do miss me some Paris!
A couple months ago, when I was starting to plan my summer, I wondered about flying through Paris instead of going directly to Toulouse just so I could get my fix. Timing is always tight so I was even considering just staying 24 hours – it would be better than nothing. I was telling a colleague and their response was "What could you possibly do that's worthwhile in Paris in just 24 hours – don't you need, like, a month?" Well, yes, that would be ideal but I don't have a month. In the end, I didn't book my ticket at that point. But I kept on thinking about making the time for even a short stay in Paris.
What would I do? Was it worth it to spend that short an amount of time in Paris?
As I was still pondering this question, last month, I came across Lindsey's post about her ideal 24 hours in Paris as part of the Accor Hotels "24 Hours in…" blogger contest. And I figured that if anything was a sign for me to figure out once and for all if it was "worth it" to spend 24 hours in Paris (a moot point really since Paris is ALWAYS worth it!). So, what would I do? Where would I go? What would I eat? Could I squeeze in some "research" (you know, the learning, eating and drinking kind. For the book, you realise. For the book).
So, first thing's first…. After an overnight flight, I'd need to fortify myself. So, coffee. I'd head to Holybelly for a flat white.
A "Melbourne-style café" that serves food, these folks have great coffee (despite what you might have heard, not all Paris coffee is like "sock juice". Thanks to places like this, the coffee scene in Paris is thriving these days). Bonus? They serve "to go" cups which this visitor on a mission needs!
Of course I need some sustenance too so I'll swing by Du Pain et des Idées for an Escargot Pistache-Chocolat. Best. Breakfast. Ever.
Because I can't buy any fresh food (I'm only there for 24 hours, remember!), I'll have to be content with eating with my eyes only. since I CAN carry something small like chocolate so once I'm done with the market, I'll head to La Manufacture du Chocolat by Alain Ducasse.
I'm kind of addicted to the 45% Lait Non Conché, which has a grainy as opposed to smooth texture thanks to skipping the final "conching" stage (and the addition of cane sugar). It's really something.
Ok, my market fix taken care of and a couple of easy-to-carry souvenirs procured, I'm heading across to the Marais for some learning at La Cuisine Paris.
As a teacher and cookbook author I am always looking for opportunities to learn more. They say the best teachers never stop learning and I can't think of a better place to learn than here. A smallish (but ever-growing) school, offering cooking classes and walking tours in English, it's one of my favourite places to research the foods I write about and cook!
Heading on up into the area around Les Halles, I find myself here.
Yeah, um this is where I'm wondering if I can pay for a checked bag on the way home from my 24 hour jaunt… Though buying stuff is a little convoluted..
Once you've found the item you want to buy on the shelves, you'll have to flag down an assistant (they will not come and find you) and they'll write the sale up on a piece of paper with the item numbers which you then take to the cash desk where you will pay. Once you've paid, you'll go to another desk to pick your items up. Yes, a little confusing but the system has been operating like that since 1820 so it does work!
A little further down the road, I find myself checking out more of my favourite kitchenware supply stores..
Read all about my favourite places to shop for kitchenware here.
G. Detou. A play on words (J'ai de tout) – meaning I have everything. And they really do. As it says on the window, "Everything for cooking and baking". I lived next door to this store for 4 years when I didn't have a kitchen. It was a sad time in my life so everytime I go to Paris now, I make sure that I go there to make up for all that lost time… Plus, you know, "reasearch", Right?
I've somehow ended up in my old neighbourhood (I always do!) which is, in itself, a place I could spent days. On some trips to Paris, I've stayed here and spent the better part of a week not straying too far from the rue Montorgueil and its beautiful market street and surroundings.
Classics. Rhum baba and an éclair. Classic.
Practically next door, there's a new place I have been dying to check out (it opened just days after my last trip to Paris) – Fou de Pâtisserie. Featuring pastries from big name pastry chefs across Paris, it sounds like the kind of place you can hit up when you don't have much time.
Read more about how I would spent the day in this neighbourhood here.
It seems like it might be time for an apéro, right? I can't think of a better place for people-watching than Le Tambour.
It's not fancy but it's an authentic taste of an old-style Paris bistro (decked out in old metro station paraphernalia). It's open 24/7 and it's a great place to people watch.
Ok it MUST be time for dinner, right? For me it's a tough choice in that neighbourhood. Do I go to Frenchie Wine Bar?
This is the wine bar across the road from the restaurant of the same name. If you can't get a reservation there (good luck!), note that the wine bar opens at 7 but does not take reservations so head there at 6.30 and line up to eat there, It's REALLY good (and cheaper).
or do I go classical with La Bourse et la Vie, Daniel Rose's new-ish place offering classic French bistro cooking in an intimate (30 covers) space, tucked away in the 2nd on rue Vivienne? Highly recommended for bistro-type dishes done very, very well done.
Dinner, I guess, it all depends on how I'm feeling… But the choices are there.
My time in Paris is coming to an end, sadly but there might just be room for a nightcap… And since I'm in the 'hood, how about Ma Cave Fleury?
About a block from the rue Montorgueil in what looks like a seedy street but it's really quite harmless, this is the place to order biodynamic wines or champagnes by the glass or bottle, served up by Morgane Fleury, a former actress who serves as brand ambassador for her family's champagne house in this quaint, slightly chaotic looking space. It's a friendly cozy place to while away a few hours over some wines you likely won't find outside France. Live music on some nights and they serve cheese and charcuterie platters too.
Great post! Thank you for all the tips, they all look appealing, even for a longer visit.
Oh for sure you could stretch these 24 hours into 48 or many more!
I did spend 24 hours in Paris once & covered a lot of ground in that time. I think I'm due for another visit!
It's a very walkable city, for sure!
Oh this article made me feel very nostalgic…it brought tears to my eyes because of the lovely memories! Three weeks ago we were in Paris staying in an apartment in Rue Saint Sauveur which is off Rue Montorgueil. Maison Collet was my patisserie of choice and the local shops were all brilliant! I also did a cooking course at La Cuisine Paris. Back home now in Queensland, Australia after five wonderful weeks in France; three of those in Rue Saint Sauveur. Can't wait to go back to Paris, thank you for the memories!
Hey Maureen – I lived in the rue St Sauveur for the last year I lived in Paris 🙂 I lived in the rue Tiquetonne for the four years prior to that! Maison Collet was also my favourite place to get my bread and pain suisse au chocolat… Sigh! Glad I could take you on an armchair visit today!
What a fabulous post ! I discovered LaCuisine on my first trip to Paris and it is a go to every visit ! You have inspired me to book my next visit for the spring and given me some new destinations.
Glad I could give you some more ideas!
I would spend it following you around! Great post. It is now filed in my "City of Light" folder.
Aw thanks so much! I'd love to spend a day in Paris with you!
Sounds like a wonderful day! Voted for you – bonne chance!
In my circle of fine art photographers we talk about the dream shoot we would do in Paris!
Long flowing gowns & flower crowns with the most amazing light creating legacy images. Just spectacular!
Voted & shared on Twitter!
Thanks so much for your vote! And I love the idea of YOUR 24 hours in Paris!
You know what they say, where there's a will, there's a way… wonderful post. Thanks for sharing!
🙂 Thanks – glad you enjoyed!


variations such as 'RF Survey', 'RF Site Survey' or 'Wireless Survey'.
words, implies in loss of CAPEX, OPEX and Poor Network Quality!
specific reference material on this subject available.
that its execution, as best as possible.
common and necessary: a pre-analysis before any 'Site Survey'.
a longer zoom and a smaller one, especially in the focus area.
the equipment, and how they can be installed.
many antennas are needed, will it be a BTS or Booster/Repeater, etc..
where we'll set the location for our site.
'Propagation Models' for different areas (urban, suburban, etc. ...).
among the predictions of candidate points.
coverage knowledge, thus knowing where it needs to be improved.
for example using files already processed in Mapinfo and/or Google Earth.
images, which can be very useful in the field - so print it.
start the process of 'Site Survey'.
it have more priority and this should be taken into account when running it.
that, and look for points that will solve this problem.
intended for you to indicate one or more points as possible candidates.
name suggests, this polygon can be any shape, even a square.
want to rent, transmission problems, unavailability of infrastructure, etc..
with the areas of RF, Transmission, and Infrastructure, Contract and other that apply.
carries out, alert to all these aspects.
say Thank You, not to mention that the process will be streamlined.
can be very frustrating - not to mention one that is 'suffering' and unnecessary work!
'Site Survey' to be done!
on your need - like the 'Survey' type, Region, etc..
and use them as a reference, especially in rural locations.
 Batteries: for the Camera.
(let's talk about this later).
 Binoculars: to view other distant points, such as possible transmission sites.
 Compass: orientation of azimuths.
 Phones with Test Mode enabled: to check the signal.
 Proper Climbing Equipment: if you need to climb a tower.
 Small Notepad: for quick notes, that fits in your pocket.
according to your needs, you can extend it as according to your needs.
degrading the quality of the final analysis and reports.
degrees to 360 degrees divided by 45 to 45 degrees, and take photos.
sequence - for example as shown above.
realize that more than half of the photos useful area is the Sky!
second did not bother to lower the Sky.
No matter how good the analysis in the office, nothing replaces field verification.
However, this check should be done as long as possible.
this is the point indicated - without going the other buildings!
what they all can provide.
you put as most suitable?
away from the area of interest.
helps to get the best result.
An increasingly common issue today is the sharing of infrastructure between operators.
you zoom to the new site region, and see available options.
Moreover, it is necessary to know the premises for sharing that your company have.
spending, but may be the company's strategy and therefore must be followed.
is essential that you go up into several, as much as possible.
gain), a cable to connect to the phone, and of course, a phone that matches that cable.
even though at first glance do not appear to be.
good and a bad Final Deployed Project.
place, especially as indicated in the tutorial on Folder Structure for Telecom.
'Site Survey', and have learned some of the best practices adopted by professionals.
aspects of the network, including financial.
no time you will gain knowledge as the best professionals have!
continue to write more tutorials like this!


On Line video marketing isn't solely for massive firms with fancy promotional budgets. Now more and more individuals are making their own online selling videos and uploading them to their websites and blogs. Actually video marketing is so potent and popular now, that if you are an online marketeer and not using video selling you are simply going to get left behind.
So why is video selling is so well-liked amongst web marketers? It's favored because customers love it! Video is dynamic and visually exciting. Video also allows for the utilisation of music and a spoken sales spiel. What's more, video is easy for your shopper. Folks like watching TV and film and associate it with entertainment. It is much easier for them to click a video, then chill and relax, rather than hunch over the screen to read a long advertising letter.
On Line marketing is all about building trust with your audience in order to turn them into customers. Online video selling is a good way to try this. By appearing in your online marketing videos yourself you can literally show your clients who you are. This is an incredibly powerful and straightforward way to build a relationship with your audience and so increase their trust in you. After you've gained that trust selling becomes far easier.
The net selling industry is seeing a definite shift towards online video selling. It is great that you have identified this need to incorporate online video selling into your advertising strategy.
If you are worried that the technical side of online video marketing is beyond you, then reconsider. Nowadays you may use software packages to look after all of the tricky technical aspects such as coding, FTP, hosting etc . Some of the packages now use very simple user interfaces that even the most untechnical person can use to make professional effective results which transliterate into increased traffic and more sales.
learn the best way to rule Google with Dominating Video Bonus.
8605 Niche Marketing Words And Phrases That Sell Like Crazy!


text:
Review – Taron Egerton shines as the glitter fades in 'Rocketman'
Review – Guy Ritchie's magical 'Aladdin' challenges for the Disney remake crown
The Popcorn Muncher Podcast – "Incels have invaded Simpsons meme accounts"
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The Popcorn Muncher
Wading through the multiplex maze to bring movie reviews, news and opinions
Review – American Honey
13/11/2016 Tom Beasley 0 Comment 2016, American Honey, Andrea Arnold, Certificate: 15, Chad McKenzie Cox, Crystal B Ice, Drama, McCaul Lombardi, October 2016, Rating: Pop, Riley Keough, Sasha Lane, Shia LaBeouf
UK Release Date: 14th October 2016
Director: Andrea Arnold
Writer: Andrea Arnold
Starring: Sasha Lane, Shia LaBeouf, Riley Keough, McCaul Lombardi, Crystal B Ice, Chad McKenzie Cox
Synopsis: A young woman finds new purpose in her dead-end life when she begins travelling with a crew of misfits selling magazine subscriptions door to door across America.
There aren't all that many films that can take a near-three-hour running time and a threadbare plot and make it all work. Thankfully, American Honey is in the hands of the incredibly exciting filmmaker Andrea Arnold. With the strains of country music and stark landscapes provoking the consistent tone of authentic Americana, this is a film that might not thrill with plot twists and turns, but it paints an evocative and multi-layered portrait of youth in the 21st century.
Star (Sasha Lane) spends her life hunting for unopened food in the trash, caring for two children who aren't hers and trapped in an abusive relationship. On a trip to the supermarket, she encounters an exuberant group of youngsters seemingly led by Jake (Shia LaBeouf). After Star catches Jake's eye, he offers her the chance to join a 'mag crew' he is part of, run by Krystal (Riley Keough), flogging magazine subscriptions door to door and spending life on the road.
From the moment it starts, American Honey sets out its stall as an attempt to cast a spell over the audience. Arnold's America is a world of country music sing-a-longs, including the Lady Antebellum title track, and baking sunshine that beats down on the characters from the uppermost heights of the atypical 4:3 Academy ratio frame. The greatest achievement of American Honey is that it depicts a world that is completely alien to us in the UK with such richness that it feels intimately familiar, even as characters make baffling choices in a depiction of millennial youth entirely oblivious to, or unmoved by, the notion that actions have consequences.
The film's plot unfolds with an easygoing, relaxed sense of momentum. It's not an uneventful film, but it's one that is more interested by the interplay of these youngsters and the unique world in which they live than it is by huge incidents. The plot pivots and twirls around Sasha Lane's charismatic lead performance. Discovered by Arnold among partygoers on a beach, Lane is a truly remarkable discovery, conveying firecracker spirit and a plausible sense of a desperate woman experiencing a whole new kind of existence. The film is also the perfect venue for Shia LaBeouf's very particular kind of raw, unchained charisma, even as he is frequently upstaged by his own rat-tail hairdo.
Each of the characters in American Honey has their own distinct character and are well-drawn by Arnold's script. Lane and LaBeouf are the stars, but Riley Keough also gets a very meaty role as the brutally harsh boss of the mag crew. She intimidates Star with her sexuality as much as her words, making it clear what the pecking order is within the group. Star's never left in any doubt that Krystal is the queen of this particular kingdom. Despite this, the big confrontations and narrative events just don't happen – as much as there's a rising sense that something truly awful is on the verge of taking place.
Arnold's film is a deeply emotional, visually breath-taking journey through true Americana, enhanced by the tremendous soundtrack, which mixes country, pop and hip-hop to paint clearly the world inhabited by these central performers, who appear to be every inch their characters. In a financially precarious and difficult time all over the world, this tale of young people scraping by day-to-day can resonate with all of us, even if the world itself feels utterly unusual, buried deep in the heart of America.
Pop or Poop?
Andrea Arnold's fourth feature as writer-director, American Honey, is a wryly observed journey into an entirely anachronistic, analogue world set in the heart of modern America. Country music gives the film real moments of fist-pumping joy, while the emotional conflict resonates. It might be a touch too long, but it certainly leaves an impact for longer than the sum of its parts.
Do you agree with my review? Let me know in the comments section.
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text:
$12.5 Million Grant Funds Ambitious Health Research Collaboration
An ambitious research effort seeks to better treat disease by understanding how cells communicate. The project brings together scientists from many disciplines.
A groundbreaking research collaboration at the School of Medicine that is shedding light on everything from cancer to diabetes to cardiovascular disease has received $12.5 million from the National Institutes of Health.
The grant funding from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute will support the next five years of research for an initiative that is unusual both in its focus and its approach. Rather than studying a particular disease, the initiative seeks to understand how cells communicate via "pannexin channels" in their membranes. By discovering exactly how that communication occurs, the researchers aim to manipulate the channels to better treat a host of today's greatest health threats. For example, blocking pannexin channel-mediated communication can help reduce high blood pressure.
"Most [newly developed] drugs either fail or do not work properly, because we do not have a very good mechanistic handle on how the targets of the drugs work or the associated complications," said researcher Kodi Ravichandran, PhD, chairman of UVA's Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology. "The approach taken by this team allows us to understand exactly how the pannexin channels function, as well as perform drug screens that give us very specific tools to tackle this channel, both to activate it and inhibit it as needed. [That will let us] address it in the context of hypertension, atherosclerosis, fatty liver disease, inflammation and related diseases."
Scientists Assemble
For this ambitious mission, UVA has assembled an interesting mix of scientists who each provide a very particular set of skills. The project includes teams led by Ravichandran (an expert on how cells die in the body); Douglas A. Bayliss, PhD, chairman of UVA's Department of Pharmacology (an expert on channel mechanisms); Brant Isakson, PhD, of the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics (an expert on hypertension and vascular diseases); and Norbert Leitinger, PhD, of UVA's Department of Pharmacology (an expert on metabolic syndromes). In addition, their work is supported by research cores at the School of Medicine led by Ulrike Lorenz, PhD, of the Carter Immunology Center and the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology (an expert on animal models of human diseases), and Bimal Desai, PhD, of the Department of Pharmacology (an expert on cell membrane channels and cellular communication).
"The beauty of such a large, wide effort is that we can take approaches that attack the same problem from multiple angles," Bayliss said. "I think we are very lucky to have a group that works exceedingly well together, and that's a testament to the highly collaborative nature of the School of Medicine."
Discoveries made by the group are already having a big impact in the scientific community. Papers published as part of the project have appeared in high-profile scientific journals, including Nature, Nature Communications, Science Signaling, Circulation Research, Journal of Clinical Investigation and Nature Immunology. The group's findings already have been cited in subsequent research by other scientists around the world more than 1,000 times. "This is a fantastic example of a true team effort, where the science comes first, and we enjoy and celebrate each other's individual and collective successes," Isakson said.
"Metabolic diseases are complex, with multiple cell types involved, and the communication between cells at the tissue level and at the whole-organism level is really critical for treating diseases such as fatty liver disease and diabetes," Leitinger said. "Our goal over the next five years is to make true inroads into some of these metabolic diseases using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches."
Eight trainees who participated in the project over the past five years have already received positions in other universities and industry. "This original Program Project has also spawned new projects within the School of Medicine on the role of pannexin channels in lung injury and aneurysms," Ravichandran noted.
Powerful Collaboration
The new grant is No. HL-120840. Including the previous five years of funding, the NHLBI has now provided the ambitious research project with $25 million.
"To get one of these grants is very tough, because it involves multiple projects, multiple people, and then they all have to work as a team together," Desai said. "To repeat that feat again and get a similar grant renewed in five years -- I think it speaks really highly for the team as a whole, and how our team is perceived in a positive way by outside review panels," Lorenz said. To keep up with the latest medical research news from UVA, subscribe to the Making of Medicine blog.
Joshua Barney
Deputy Public Information Officer
Email | jdb9a@virginia.edu


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GP Opinion
newsGP > Clinical
Amanda Lyons
New care standard highlights GPs' importance in prevention of blood clot deaths
GPs can play a key role in prevention of deaths from venous thromboembolism after hospitalisation, which is a much more serious problem than many people may realise.
VTE risk is far higher after hospitalisation than after flying.
Blood clots caused by venous thromboembolism (VTE) can be a silent killer, and they occur with concerning frequency in Australia.
'There are up to 5000 deaths a year from blood clots,' Associate Professor Amanda Walker, Clinical Director of Clinical Care Standards for the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care (ACSQHC), told newsGP.
'The challenge is that sometimes the first sign of a VTE or pulmonary embolism is collapse and sudden death.'
Dr Sally Cockburn, a GP and radio host and presenter known as Dr Feelgood, knows this stark fact only too well from her own experience of pulmonary embolism earlier this year.
'We were all taught that first of all you're going to get the DVT [deep vein thrombosis] with the hot, swollen leg, and then you're going to get the pain in the chest – but I didn't have any of those signs,' she told newsGP.
Thankfully, although Dr Cockburn was at home alone, she was awoken by her dog and so was able to call emergency services and be transported to hospital. Now, she wants to help prevent others from going through the same experience – or worse.
'I really wanted to get back and step up to the plate, because more people die from a pulmonary embolism than die in road trauma,' she said.
The goal of preventing death by VTE is what underpins the new Venous thromboembolism prevention clinical care standard (the care standard), launched yesterday by the ACSQHC.
L–R: Dr Sally Cockburn, Associate Professor Huyen Tran and Associate Professor Amanda Walker at the launch of the ACSQHC's new VTE clinical care standard.
One of the most important facts Associate Professor Walker wants the care standard to get across is that the highest risk for VTE is not airline travel, as is commonly perceived, but hospitalisation – and this risk applies across all age groups.
'The risk in flying is only four times your normal risk, but your risk in hospital is 100 times more, so we shouldn't be calling this economy class syndrome, we should be calling it hospital syndrome,' Associate Professor Walker said.
However, while the risk of VTE rises during a hospital stay, it also remains for quite a long time afterwards, making it a very relevant health threat once a patient has returned to the community.
'Those risks extend into the post-hospital period for up to three months, so between half and three quarters of all clots in the community occur in a three-month period post-hospitalisation,' Associate Professor Walker said.
This extended risk period makes GPs, as health professionals in the community, key players in the prevention of VTE.
'We have a bigger role in this than is recognised,' Dr Cockburn said. 'If [VTE] is sometimes not happening until three months after hospital, that's more than into our patch.'
Associate Professor Walker is hopeful that the new care standard can help prevent deaths caused by blood clots with its recommendations for improved recording of patients' VTE prevention plans while they are in hospital, and then improved transfer of that information from hospital to primary healthcare after the patient is discharged.
'There's not been an awareness that risk of VTE extends after hospitalisation for up to three months, so if you don't know that, you don't hand over about it,' Associate Professor Walker said. 'And often the VTE prevention plans would last while the person was in hospital, but not following.'
Another core aspect of the care standard is an update of the list of medicines used in VTE prophylaxis, which have changed significantly in recent years. To document this information, the standard includes two appendixes, one on medicines that affect bleeding risk and the other on VTE prevention medicines.
'Clinical care standards often just tell you what to do and don't give you the information about medicines, assuming that people will be able to source it easily somewhere else,' Associate Professor Walker explained. 'But we've made a point of making sure this is easily accessible [in the care standard].'
The appendices include not just the names of VTE prevention medicines and information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, but also about their monitoring requirements, which can be especially helpful for GPs in assessing patients for any problems that may arise as a result of their VTE prevention plan.
'So if a GP gets a patient who comes home on a particular VTE prophylaxis treatment, they can look up the monitoring requirements and check what they might need to know,' Associate Professor Walker said. 'And the same for the direct oral anti-coagulants, and other oral anti-coagulants and some of the anti-platelet drugs.
'So the care standard just consolidates good, sound, practical information.'
The care standard also contains information aimed at patients, to help them understand their VTE risks post-hospitalisation and the necessary monitoring process. Dr Cockburn appreciates this consumer information, and hopes the standard can help raise awareness among both health professionals and the general community about VTE risk.
'We all know what to do to avoid road accidents – we don't drink, we keep our eyes on the road, we wear a seatbelt. And we've got more deaths from pulmonary embolism, so what do we do to avoid that?' she said.
'I'd love to see awareness of pulmonary embolism and thrombosis up there with all the other risk factors.'
Associate Professor Walker agrees, and hopes the release of the standard will help to facilitate change that will save lives.
'How many hundreds of thousands of hospital admissions are there around the country, every year, that are then going back to their GP afterwards?' she said.
'If we can improve that transition for this issue where the consequences of it going wrong are disastrous, there's a real opportunity to make a big difference.'
ACSQHC Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Health Care blood clots deep vein thrombosis DVT hospitalisation pulmonary embolism venous thromboembolism VTE
MP calls for greater pharmacovigilance in Australia
Updated product warnings for Diane-35
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Combat Press May 22, 2015
On Friday, May 22, the UFC will host the weigh-ins for UFC 187: Johnson vs. Cormier which takes place Saturday, May 23, from the MGM Grand Garden Arena in Las Vegas.
In the night's main event, the promotion's light heavyweight belt will be up for grabs as Anthony "Rumble" Johnson locks horns with Daniel Cormier. Johnson was originally slated to battle the previous titleholder, Jon Jones, before Jones was stripped of his title and suspended indefinitely. Instead, Johnson will look to extend his current winning streak to 10 as he takes on the wrestler Cormier. The 36-year-old Cormier will be aiming to bounce back from the first defeat of his career against Jones at UFC 182 in January. Prior to that, the former Olympian had won 15 straight fights.
The co-main event of the evening also features UFC gold on the line as middleweight champion Chris Weidman clashes with former champion Vitor Belfort. The long-awaited match-up has been delayed multiple times due to injury, but now Weidman eyes his third title defense against the Brazilian. The 38-year-old Belfort returns to 185 pounds for the first time since 2012.
The 12-fight event kicks off Saturday at 6:30 p.m. ET with three fights streaming on UFC Fight Pass. Four additional preliminary card bouts follow at 8 p.m. ET on Fox Sports 1, with the five-fight main card airing live on pay-per-view at 10 p.m. ET.
The fighters will hit the scales at 7 p.m. ET on Friday. A live video feed appears above (courtesy of the UFC), while the results appear below.
Anthony "Rumble" Johnson (204.5) vs. Daniel Cormier (205) – for vacant light heavyweight title
Chris Weidman (185) vs. Vitor Belfort (184) – for middleweight title
Donald Cerrone (156) vs. John Makdessi (155.5)
Andrei Arlovski (241) vs. Travis Browne (236.5)
Joseph Benavidez (125.5) vs. John Moraga (126)
John Dodson (125.5) vs. Zach Makovsky (126)
Josh Burkman (170.5) vs. Dong Hyun Kim (170.5)
Uriah Hall (186) vs. Rafael Natal (185.5)
Rose Namajunas (116) vs. Nina Ansaroff (120)*
Mike Pyle (171) vs. Colby Covington (170.5)
Leo Kuntz (155.5) vs. Islam Makhachev (155.5)
Josh Sampo (126) vs. Justin Scoggins (126)
*Ansaroff missed the 116-pound limit by four pounds
Anthony "Rumble" JohnsonChris WeidmanDaniel CormierUFC 187Vitor Belfort
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