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Home > Blog > Finding a Super 8 Camera
Finding a Super 8 Camera
Posted on May 18 2020
A Chapter From the New The Power of Super 8 Film Book (2020)
Putting your hands on a Super 8 film camera should not be that difficult to do. Between the 1960s and 1080s over 65 million Super 8 cameras were sold. I once read that at its peak, 1 in 5 households in the U.S. had a Super 8 film camera. In addition, most things were made of metal back in those days. By today's standards, they were way over-designed to last. The manufacturers began to change to plastic in the mid 1970's so older Super 8 film cameras are often some of the best. It is not that unusual to find a 50-year-old working Super 8 film camera.
(photo credit google images)
The easiest place to go shopping is in the closet of anyone who was a parent back in that generation. If that doesn't turn up a usable camera, go to a few yard sales. Bring along a set of six AA batteries and a cartridge of old film so you can check the camera's basic functions. Probably the easies way to find a camera is to go on line and use the super popular Ebay.
On eBay search for "Super 8 cameras" and you will find hundreds for sale at any given time. My search today turned up 1500 (Don't forget to spell it "Super 8" Camera, not "Super8" Camera.)
The best camera is any one that works. The camera needs three basic functions to be working.
The camera must expose the film correctly
Transport the film
Keep it in focus
Every camera has unique and interesting features for creative use but working is critical and most desirable over any sexy looking lens. In fact, the more complex the camera the more likely it will not all be working. If you can't physically inspect a camera before you purchase it you need to either purchase one that is so cheap it does not matter if you toss it out or use it for decoration or you need to be able to return it. Remember Ebay is global and it's a little difficult returning thing to many places around the world. Most Ebay sellers are very concerned with there on-line reputation so don't be afraid to push back if you get a lemon but spend some time doing your research and read the description carefully and learn the Ebay etiquette.
If you are purchasing it physical you can test whether it will transport. First, put in a set of batteries — usually AA — in the camera. Next, mark the film in the cartridge you brought with you so you can tell if the film has moved. I do this by making a slight scratch with my fingernail on the film. Insert the film cartridge in the camera, and pull the trigger. (There might be an on/off switch you'll need to flip.) If the scratch mark you made is gone when you take out the cartridge, the film transport is working.
Looking through the camera can tell you something about focus and the exposure system but you can't prove either of these is working properly unless you actually shoot some film. Super 8 cameras with lens focus problems are rare because the lens was built into the camera in most models. Exposure problems are more common. Watch out for a camera that has been dropped or received water damage. Look for major dents and/or rust on the camera. Check the battery compartment for corrosion.
Although you obviously want to make sure that the camera you acquire is working, try to get a guarantee that you can return it if it is not. While you can find cameras very cheaply, fixing them is not cheap. This is just the law of supply and demand at work. There are millions of cameras available and only a small population of people who want to use them, so prices are cheap. You should be able to buy a working Super 8 camera for under $100.00 Camera technicians, on the other hand, are very rare and restoring old mechanical devices like cameras is a time consuming art, so the price for that is expensive.
If you're not the kind of person who shops for used equipment or want the hassle of this process, you can buy a camera from a camera seller. If you go this route, remember that you are purchasing the guaranty that the camera works in all its function and will continue working more than purchasing the camera itself.
Regardless of how clean a camera looks, it is about how well it works and how much support the seller provides for it. Can they fix the camera or will they replace it if it doesn't work? Can they provide you with support in terms of how best to use it? Do they have upgrades and accessories available for the camera so you can go further with it in the future?
Because there are over 1,000 different Super 8 camera models on the market, at Pro8mm we realized years ago it would be impossible to cost justifiably try to just fix all cameras. We have always fixed the camera we sold. In the early 1980's we were the North American distributer for Nizo cameras and did all the sales and support for the Nizo 6080 and Integral line of Cameras. In 1985 Pro8mm (Then called Super8 Sound) became the USA Distributer for Beaulieu of France. The company had emerged from bankruptcy and was selling a new model of Super 8 camera the Beaulieu 7008. In 1990 Pro8mm acquired the USA Beaulieu Service center at Precision Camera in Sherman Oaks California which had been servicing Beaulieu since the 1970's. In 1995 Beaulieu filed form Bankruptcy for a second time and we could not longer get either cameras or repair part to service Beaulieu cameras. So, rather than give up on camera sales we decided to rebuild our own. Although the newer 7008 camera was our camera de jour the older Beaulieu 4008 was made more simply and more importantly mostly of metal while the new 7008 camera was made of plastic. There were also some design decision made on the 7008 that did not seem to have the resilience the older 4008 camera had. We had been servicing Beaulieu 4008 since the 1970's it was a proven.
In order to rebuild these camera, we first had to purchase a significant supply of used camera to be parts. We had lots of parts from being the Distributer and acquiring the Service center but the 4008 has over 1800 parts . Then we invested a lot of time in looking for sustainable improvements to that camera , evaluating all its strengths and weaknesses and making improvements where possible.
The Classic Pro
We called our first camera the Classic. It is a restored Beaulieu 4000 series camera with some very fine improvements. We redesigned the power system so the camera would have a long-running, more reliable power source. We fined tuned the take-up so the camera would perform better with our Pro8mm color negative Super 8 film. We removed the 85-filter system to give it better optical performance. We designed some accessories like Crystal Sync control for shooting sync sound. We designed a new optical system called Max8 for filming in widescreen. We removed several of the systems that were prone to failing like the original power on/off switch and the internal 85 filter system. It is the Classic Motion Picture Camera. Shoot Super8 film, Has interchangeable lens, true reflex focusing, lots of powering, mounting options, modifiable for sync and Max8. Just about everything a serious motion picture photographer would ever want. The only thing we don't like about it is that it take so much time to achieve. And therefore cost a lot to own. We do rent them as an option. The average rebuild take 40 hours of skilled technician labor.
What is MAX8. We added a new Power Coat finish. It has taken a lot to rebuild this camera but we feel that our investment in this capacity can sustain the future of Super 8 it can be rebuilt indefinitely. Sample Footage shot with Classic Max8.
The Pro814
In 2006, we decided the market needed a less expensive less complex Super 8 camera. We look for a camera with great optics, manual exposure system that supported the complete like of Super 8 ASA, 18 & 24 FPS shooting speeds and rugged dependability. After looking carefully at the Nizo, Elmo, Chinon and Sankyo line we decide on the Canon 814AZ which we now call the Pro814. This is a great camera that includes all the basic functions such as 24fps and manual exposure capabilities. Since we can restore this camera with a lot less work, it can be done at a less expensive price. The Pro814 rebuild still takes 6 to 8 hours on average provided we start with a good camera. Some of the cameras we purchase from eBay are so far gone that we just add them to the parts pile. The Art of Super 8 Camera Repair
The Rhonda Cam
In April of 2012 We decided to introduce our third camera the Rhonda CAM. With this camera we decided to take a different direction and find the simples, easiest to use super 8 camera ever made. We wanted to offer a camera that was accessible to anyone who had the desire with as little burden on the technical aspects of filmmaking as possible. I kept saying to eveyone we needed a camera so easy to use even my wife Rhonda can get great results use it. The name stuck and we officially call it the RhondaCam . We looked over a few dozen model and choose the Canon 310XL. The canon 310 XL has one of the most extensive exposure ranges ever offered going from F1.0 to F45. When you combine this with modern color negative film you have a system that can capture film images over the larges range of lighting situation in any motion picture camera. ANY In low light there is no camera that can beat The Rhonda Cam. In addition its small size make it the perfect companion for traveling and the simplicity of its function make it viable for doing all kinds of things you would never consider with higher value piece of equipment. The cherry on top is that the image stability is not only good but incredible. Because there were about a half million of these cameras made and because it was much simpler the restoration cost would not be as complex and therefore it could be way less expensive . The RhondaCam is the most popular camera we sell.
Whether you find a gem at a yard sale or you acquire a totally rebuilt hot rod of a camera it is what you do with it that counts. Aside from all the features, you have to find a camera that fits your personality and filmmaking style. Some filmmakers like creative features others use very simple tools to create empowering images.
If you're thinking about one of the more expensive rebuilt cameras, you might want to rent it for a day first to make sure it suits you.
Advanced Application of Super 8 Film
Some time Super 8 film is used in Major Motion Pictures. There are many creative reasons for this . To serve this market the Classic Pro can be rented out for Studio Production with both Crystal Sync and Max8 Modification,
These are two features that were never part of the original home movie design of Super 8 film cameras that we had to added to serve the particular market niche.
Crystal Sync is a way of synchronizing the pictures shot on a film camera with audio recorded on a separate audio system. Super 8 Film Sync Sound
Without Crystal Sync "locking" the camera at a precise speed, the frame rate will drift just enough to make it very difficult film picture with independent audio. With Crystal Sync, you can use many audio devices to achieve sync with a Super 8 camera. The cost of making this modification has gone up so much that at this time we are only renting cameras with it and not offer this for purchase. This function is typically only critical with shooting dialogue by v very handy when your dong a Sync music video. The second is Max8 Max 8 was developed basically just after doing work on the feature film Sympatico.
John Toll an ASC cinematographer want to use Super 8 film in a flashback sequence and want a custom viewfinder system in his Super 8 Camera such that he could see in the Super 8 viewfinder the resulting framing when a Super 8 image was used in 1:85. After developing this idea for him for this movie we look into the possibility of expansing the actual gate or taking aperture of the Super 8 camera to increase the negative size of the Super 8 image. Super 8 cameras were originally designed for shooting home movies and produced more or less a square picture, we needed to modify the super 8 camera to work effectively in widescreen applications.
For years, we used anamorphic lenses in these applications and squeeze a wider image onto the Super 8 frame, then "stretched" those images out during the post process. Director Joel Schumacher and Cinematographer Jan De Bont used this method when shooting the flashback sequences in Super 8 in the feature film Flatliners. Pro8mm had even invented a custom Anamorphic Set up for shooting in this application for this production.
Although this does work, it has a lot of drawbacks and is quite cumbersome for the operator. Clearly, it would be more than helpful to actually see a wide Super 8 image, which led to the development of Max 8. In 2005 we introduce Max 8 as our custom modification of a 4008 Beaulieu camera's gate and viewfinder systems that allows you to see the framing of a 16x9 picture while shooting, and actually film with a wider image on the Super 8 film.
By modifying Super 8 cameras to include Crystal Sync and Max 8 pro8mm has help bridge the world of Super 8 with major motion picture . As a result Super 8 has been part of many theatrically released film that have all used Pro8mm in one way or another to create Super 8 sequences in many Major Motion Picture .
For a List of Feature Film that used Pro8mm products and services to create Super 8 Scenes , Visit 'Clients' at Pro8mm.com
© Pro8mm 2020. All Rights Reserved. A Chapter from 'The Power of Super 8 Film, Insider Secrets Every Filmmaker Should Know' by Phil Vigeant


"A missionary is someone sent by Jesus Christ just as He was sent by God. The great controlling factor is not the needs of people, but the command of Jesus. The source of our inspiration in our service for God is behind us, not ahead of us. The tendency today is to put the inspiration out in front— to sweep everything together in front of us and make it conform to our definition of success. But in the New Testament the inspiration is put behind us, and is the Lord Jesus Himself. The goal is to be true to Him— to carry out His plans.
Gone are the days when LDS missionaries were told 'I'd rather you come home in a casket, than come home early'. In an effort to hold tight to that which isn't theirs, the Church is throwing out all kinds of ideas to keep the younger generation from leaving the fold.
"Beginning January 2, 2019, all young men and women in the United States and Canada — including those who may not be able to serve a proselyting mission due to health reasons — will use the same online recommendation process.
Where does Mr. Nelson get the time to call 50,000+ kids every year letting them know they've 'been called' to serve?
In other words, the Church is attempting to keep tabs on you regardless of what's going on in your life. The large number of missionaries leaving their divine call from their god has been alarming in recent years. Our research in 2016 showed at least 10% of missionaries leave early. Today, however, that number according to Salt Lake Trib, hovers around 17% (almost 1 in 5).
While the Church is busy with damage control, pray for Jesus to open hearts, and minds of all Mormons to see the futility in what they're doing!


Dr. Kline is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Biomedical Informatics at The Ohio State University. He is also affiliated with the Center for Biostatistics. Broadly, Dr. Kline's research is focused on addressing problems in population health and epidemiology using biostatistical methodology and data science. He is particularly interested in using multivariate disease mapping techniques and Bayesian hierarchical models to address complex, difficult to measure social and epidemiological problems, like the opioid epidemic. His research aims to leverage multiple sources of data and prior expert knowledge to generate estimates that are useful to the public health community. His secondary interests include joint modeling of multivariate outcomes, methods for correlated data, missing data methods, and research synthesis.
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine.


Black Shark Cult [JAWS] And Me… And You?
In one of my previous posts, I already mentioned that I was spending some time on helping out an out ex-EUNI friend, Hezekiah Winter, to bootstrap his small gang community and corp Black Shark Cult [JAWS].
Anyway, ever since I joined Mostly Sober – and as a result, became corpmates with Hez again – I could not help but notice how the Black Shark Cult community was beginning to take off, and when Hez told me he was working on turning what was just a loose community of like minded PvP souls into a proper corp, I was intrigued.
I decided to roll a new alt on a second account, started training it into solo pvp frigates, and began to take part in the corporation-building effort. I posted on the corp reddit, joined with my alt, began engaging other potentials Cultists, and generally took my first baby steps towards becoming a leader in Eve rather than someone who takes part in content others have generated, or who flies solo.
So far, it's been a blast. I find getting solo kills with a two-month old character to be such a rush, and answering questions of people who are genuinely new to the game (or return after a long hiatus) is strangely rewarding!
Something I have referred to again and again in these posts – corp culture – is perhaps the main reason for persevering with this project. There are many other newbie-friendly PvP corporations out there, but I find that each of them lacks something from my perspective, and usually it is the right sort of culture.
Dreddit, BNI and so on all seem to have too much of the shitposting, trolling and at times toxic atmosphere that I can do without.
Vagrant Skies, the new player corp that is part of Rixx Javix's A Band Apart, may be the exception to this rule, but I have not really flown with them yet.
In other words, I'm absolutely excited to help Hez kick off Black Shark Cult, because it's a chance to create a PvP-centric corp with a decent, friendly corp culture right from the get go, without having too many rules in place. And it's an environment in which I can learn how to FC, which is something I've wanted to do for ages, but my built-in shyness has been keeping me back for equally long.
So, if you want to engage in and learn about small gang PvP, fly in a small crew of friendly, like-minded Cultists where no one will yell at you, troll you, or use offensive language, then Black Shark Cult may just be for you… Oh, and we just joined faction warfare as well (another aspect of the game I had yet to experience first hand), so plenty of action and ISK making opportunities are guaranteed.
Join us in the "Black Shark Cult" in-game channel, or check out https://www.reddit.com/r/blacksharkcult to get to know our mission, read our guides, and see how you can join our Discord channel. Hope to see you all there!
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Six months gone by – still here!
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I randomly saw this TED talk yesterday on the plane from Orlando and it definitely left me inspired and excited about the adventures and projects that I am working on. BELIEVE!
This entry was posted in Blog and tagged beautiful, belief, Bill, education, Jazz, LA, life, love, one, PA, SF, show, slide, strickland, talk, ted. Bookmark the permalink.


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Duct-free/damage free installation can be quickly accomplished using SmartVentilation- designed and manufactured Blue Boar diamond boring rig and SuperCyklone particle separator/capture system.


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At least 48 verified Corona were discovered on a cruise ship
Despite the strict approach taken by the cruise vacation industry as part of the fight in Corona, the cruise ship Royal Caribbean reported today (Monday) that at least 48 vacationers on a ship that docked in Miami over the weekend – were diagnosed positive for the virus.The Symphony of the Seas, the largest cruise ship in the world, carried more than 6,000 tourists and workers for a week-long cruise across the Caribbean. But during the voyage one of the passengers was verified to Corona, and at this point the company began to trace its contact history on the ship.
CNN reported that 95% of board critics were completely vaccinated. Among those passengers who were found positive, 98% were fully vaccinated. It is unknown at this time what he will do after leaving the post.
Following the major infection, Royal Caribbean released a clarification stating that "all vertebrates soon went into isolation" and that they were "asymptomatic or reported mild symptoms". According to the company, during the entire voyage, six cases of infection were diagnosed while the rest of the positive tests of the vacationers were discovered at the end of the voyage.
Pleasure sailing has been defined as one of the safest vacations last summer after the industry set strict protocols and rigid policies when it comes to dealing with the corona. This, after a long period in which the industry suffered from extensive shutdown following the plague.
Queen Elizabeth canceled a traditional Christmas celebration
Draghi opens up to pension reform
American intelligence group: "Al – Qaeda commander close to bin Laden killed"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I AM VERY PROUD OF DENISE FOR CREATING SUCH AN INCREDIBLE WEB SITE FROM OUR WEDDING PROCESS.
She did such an amazing job of capturing the special moments that I wanted to let those who are interested share in our special moments. For those that view our wedding web-site, I want to thank you and hope you will feel free to engage in mine as well.


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Home > About > Columbia University Alumni of the Year
Dr. Kalayjian's acceptance speech
Columbia University, Teachers College Distinguished Alumni Award
I accept this award with gratitude and a sense of responsibility to maintain the high standards of excellence in service, education, and leadership that Teachers College, Columbia University stands for. I express gratitude to my family, especially to my Mother who has supported me spiritually in my educational pursuit.
I dedicate this award to all those survivors with whom I have worked in both Natural and human-made disasters around the world. Their experiences helped advance the science and art of caring and helped refine the science of disaster recovery, management, and rehabilitation.
As a sardonic Chinese saying sates: May you live in interesting times: Indeed ladies and gentlemen, today we are amidst most challenging and interesting times: Being involved at the UN since 1990, I am proud to share many improvements in human rights for the people in many countries. Unfortunately I am sad to ALSO share many incidents of hatred, greed, darkness, and intolerance also flourishing. Physical and emotional walls of hatred and exclusion are being raised under the disguise of democracy, security, safety, even in the name of peace. I challenge you to be vigilant, conscious, in the moment, and NOT to react to negativity with hatred and anger. Instead, with love and forgiveness I challenge you to choose peace, peace within and without, and choose the light. As Martin Luther King Jr. said so poignantly, "Only with light we can overcome darkness." Such as the light that TC is dedicated to provide us all.
What survivors taught me that the honeymoon phase after each disaster, when people come together to help one another, celebrate their humanness, reinforce their love and compassion to one another and to the universe, SHOULD NOT be ONLY a PHASE, but a life style.
As an Armenian-American, this is a very happy time for me when the Genocide resolution has passed in the House for the first time 92 years after the crimes were committed. As the CBS news announced and I quote:
"1.5 million Armenians were murdered, 500,000 additional Armenians were forcibly removed from their homeland – this 106 resolution is a victory for human rights." I like to also add that there were over a million Greeks and Assyrians killed at the same time.
CBS news continued: Opponents ask "why now?" and "this is not the right time." They warn of dire actions Turkey will take against the United States. Yet, it is important that this Committee doesn't lose sight between what is right and wrong – and speak out about the wrongs in the world. While the Armenian Genocide was the first of the 20th century, the blind eye cast to the slaughter of Armenians was a point used by Hitler who asked his joint chiefs-of-staff, "Who…speaks today of the [their] annihilation?" Attempting to excuse his actions of slaughtering over six-million Jews.
We are in crisis: the hatred and racist act placed on Professor Constantine's office is the backlash that I was referring to earlier. What is the real solution? According to my mentor Viktor Frankl, the solution is to move our spiritual dimension beyond self-actualization into self-transcendence. I urge you to reach beyond self and dedicate yourself to a unique mission of life by serving others, serving a healthy cause, and a person to love. We are not only responsible to ourselves, but for every human being everywhere and at all times. We have moved beyond IQ to EQ, and let us move now to SQ, spiritual intelligence that is universal, such as the universal declaration of human rights, and it should be taught in every school around the globe starting in kindergarten.
Only then we will begin to fill and heal the spiritual holes in our souls and thereby as the Gaia Hypothesis promises it will also fill and heal the hole in our ozone layer. At this important juncture, I challenge all of us to muster the collective will to empower ourselves upward, to a higher spiritual plane and to build social institutions that may inculcate spiritual intelligence in the next generations.
"Out beyond ideas of wrongdoing and right doing, there is a field. I'll meet you there. When the soul lies down in that grass, the world is too full to talk about. Ideas, language, even the phrase each other doesn't make any sense."
"Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere."
-Martin Luther King


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Elliott Smith – An Introduction (CD review)
December 6, 2010 Tony Peters
Elliott Smith – An Introduction to Elliott Smith (Kill Rock Stars) CD review
It's one of the strangest music-on-TV moments ever: little-known Elliott Smith, looking uncomfortable in a too-big white suit, spilling his heart out on acoustic guitar during the 1997 Academy Awards, sandwiched between plastic performances by Trisha Yearwood and Celine Dion. His "Miss Misery" was nominated for Best Song, but lost to juggernaut Dion and her Titanic-voiced hit.
As surreal a moment as that was, it showed how out of step Smith's music was compared to the manufactured pop and over-blown post grunge that was dominating radio at the time. Now, years later, it's Smith's music that has held up the best. An Introduction to Elliott Smith is the first-ever retrospective of his all-too-short solo career. The disc is heavy on his stripped-down acoustic songs with his trademark whispery vocals; "Needle in the Hay" sounds creepily like Smith is in the room with you, while "Last Call" is the demo that got him his first record contract.
There are some surprises here too: "Pretty (Ugly Before)" sounds like Tom Petty with its 12-string guitar, while "Pictures of Me," despite the subject matter, is downright bouncy. "Miss Misery (early version)" shows his Oscar-nominated song in a more intimate setting. Although some may quibble that this set is light on his last two albums for major label Dreamworks (it is inexplicably missing "Baby Britain"), as the title suggests, this is an "introduction" only: if you like what you hear, there is plenty more to be enjoyed. –Tony Peters
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#243 – Bruce Kulick of Kiss – Got to Get Back
#168 – Kevn Kinney of Drivin' N' Cryin' – Songs From the Laundromat
Peter Frampton – reissues (review)
Bob Seger – 4/5/11 – (Concert review)
Disco (actually doesn't) Suck


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Get Curved Stair Lift - Find Curved Stairlifts For Sale
Stair lifts are an important for those who have difficulty climbing stairs without assistance. Some houses are more challenging to fit with a stairlift because they have curved stairs. To provide mobility assistance, many manufacturers have developed curved stairlifts. The following will cover curved stairlifts in more detail.
For people with limited mobility, getting up and down a flight of stairs can be very difficult and painful. Without assistance, it may be impossible for some people to get up and down the stairs. For this reason, stair lifts have enriched the lives of many people, making it possible for them to live their lives more independently and with greater freedom. Just like a straight stair lift, the purpose of a curved stair lift is to provide access to different levels in the house.
To operate a typical curved stairlift, the person sits on a chair attached to a railway that runs along the staircase. Some curved stairlift models include a seatbelt or harness to ensure that the person does not fall while moving in the stairlift. When the system is activated the chairlift moves up or down the stairs, providing an easy way for the person to get from one level to another without needing them to climb or descend their staircase. The lift is usually powered by a direct drive motor with rechargeable batteries; they may also draw power from the home electrical system.
The mechanism and technology of the curved stair lift is similar to the straight stair lift. A major difference is the railway. There is a much higher level of customization in the installation of a curved railway in comparison to a straight railway. Since the railways are made of metal, the size, length, degree of curve, and other dimensions have to be specific to meet the requirements. For this reason, it is highly recommended that consumers find a reputable supplier who has a great track record in the curved stair lift market.
Modern curved stairlifs are ultra-comfortable and very reliable. A standard model typically has a weight capacity of 300 to 400 lbs., but there are more powerful models to accomidate the needs of the consumer. With the latest technological development, the ride is very stable and safe. There would also be visual diagnostics to inform the user of the unit's status and confirm that the curved stairlift is in working order. To create more space for other family members on the stairway, parts of the chair may be flipped up for more compact storage. Entry and exit from the chair is made safer and more convenient with the offset swivel mechanism. In most models, the user controls the lift via buttons on the hand rest or remote.
Compared to a straight stair lift, a curved stair lift may cost significantly more. The bulk of the cost goes to the installation of the railway. Depending on the complexity of the project, it can cost thousands of dollars to install a curved stair lift. The installation can take up some time, so it is important to plan accordingly. In terms of quality and power options, the curved stair lift is equal to the straight stair lift.
Follow these links to find the best places to get curved stairlifts.
Bruno: One of the best manufacturers of curved stair lifts in the world.
Silver Cross: A top supplier of used curved stair lifts in the United States.
ThyssenKrupp Access: Top manufacturer of stair lifts including curved ones.
UK Stairlifts: Supplies top name brands like Stannah, Acorn, and Companion in the UK.
Associated Stairlifts: Check out their range of curved stair lifts.
Acorn Stairlifts: A leading producer of stair lifts in the world, including curved stair lifts.
Companion Stairlifts: UK manufacturer of high quality curved stair lifts.
Ransome Mobility: Take a look at their series of curved stair lifts.
Platinum Stairlifts: One of the leading providers of curved stairlifts in the UK.
Bison Bede: Provides the Bison 80 for curved stairlift solutions.
Stannah: A top producer of stair lifts in the world.
Hawle TreppenLifte: This is one of the best manufacturers of stair lifts in Europe.
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Tattykeel Australian white ram sells for $240k, smashing previous record
/ By Hamish Cole
Posted Wed 28 Sep 2022 at 6:58am Wednesday 28 Sep 2022 at 6:58am Wed 28 Sep 2022 at 6:58am , updated Wed 28 Sep 2022 at 10:34pm Wednesday 28 Sep 2022 at 10:34pm Wed 28 Sep 2022 at 10:34pm
The Australian white sale broke the previous record by almost $100,000 at the Tattykeel annual stud sale near Oberon. (Supplied: Tattykeel Australian White Stud )
abc.net.au/news/tattykeel-australian-white-ram-sells-for-240k/101482682
A record-breaking Australian white ram has sold for an eye-popping $240,000 at a stud sale in Central New South Wales.
A member of the syndicate that made the purchase says the ram's genetics are "elite"
Tattykeel says there is rising demand for the breed because of shearing costs
The syndicate says Australian whites are low maintenance and "tick a lot of boxes"
The Australian white stud sheep was sold by Tattykeel at Black Springs near Oberon, beating the previous meat sheep record of $165,000 set by the same stud in 2021.
It is the most expensive sheep sold since 1989, when a merino sold for $450,000.
That price was achieved by the Collinsville stud when there was a fixed price for wool and the industry was riding a massive high, only to come crashing down shortly after.
The sale came close to reaching the record price of $280,000 paid for an Angus bull set last year at Millah Murrah, Bathurst.
The $240,000 ram was purchased by the Elite Australian White Syndicate, made up of four buyers from across New South Wales.
Steve Pederick from the syndicate said it was an "elite ram".
"We will utilise it across our four stud groups with the intention of using his exciting young genetics to bolster our studs," he said.
"He has extremely good growth rates — he has certainly been one of the fastest growing rams as a lamb.
"He has got exceptional muscle, depth, he is very balanced and is very deep right through his carcass."
Tattykeel stud owner Graham Gilmore said he did not expect the sale to reach that price.
"It is pretty amazing to think you would sell a ram for that kind of money," he said.
"We did get $165,000 for one last year, so it has smashed that record."
Graham Gilmore says there is plenty of demand for Australian whites. (ABC Rural: Peta Doherty)
Changing demands
The price tells a story about the state of the wool and sheep meat industries.
Meat prices are riding high and Australia is currently experiencing a shortage of shearers that is driving up expenses associated with removing the wool.
"Shearing is so expensive — if you have got a composite sheep that has got a strong wool, you are losing money to shear that sheep," Mr Gilmore said.
Meat sheep such as Australian whites have been selectively bred to have self-shedding coats.
Mr Gilmore said this has led to increased demand for Australian white sheep that do not produce wool.
"There is a huge change in the industry and if you're breeding sheep for meat you don't need wool on them," he said.
Mr Pederick said the sheep were more adapted to Australian conditions due to their lack of wool.
"We don't need to shear, we don't need to crutch and there are absolute minimum flystrike issues," he said.
"It is very low maintenance, easy care and high productivity — they tick a lot of boxes for us."
Get the latest rural news
Visit ABC Rural for agriculture and mining news, including weather and the markets
Sign up for Rural RoundUp: Stories from rural and regional Australia, in your inbox every Friday, or for Rural news daily.
Posted 28 Sep 2022 28 Sep 2022 Wed 28 Sep 2022 at 6:58am , updated 28 Sep 2022 28 Sep 2022 Wed 28 Sep 2022 at 10:34pm
'Extraordinary' stud bull sale shatters world record as cattle industry booms
Buyers spend big on bulls despite FMD threat as sale prices rise by 20 per cent
$260K filly smashes sale records at one of Australia's largest horse auctions
Black Springs
Sheep Production


From intimate private dining experiences to large gatherings, National Glass Centre is a unique and beautiful venue for your special occasion. National Glass Centre offers various function spaces in a truly stunning setting, suited to your exact requirements. We have a range of food and beverage packages, which vary from casual to formal, ensuring the perfect atmosphere for any occasion.
We are passionate about fresh and seasonal ingredients, and with a reputation for excellence, our menus blend together traditional and modern cuisine. Showcasing strong local heritage and innovation, we ensure that each dish is carefully prepared by our chefs and delivered with creativity and passion. Our menus aim to entice every palate, however can be tailored to your exact preference.


All members who matriculated in 1964, 1965 and 1966 are invited back to an official College Reunion.
As with all Reunions, the dinner is initially only open to alumni, but you are welcome to bring guests to the tea. Please indicate this on the booking form so we know how many to cater for.
If numbers of alumni attending are at a level that will allow guests to join the dinner, booking for guests will open in May, although priority will be given to alumni. You can express an interest in bringing a guest on the booking form, and this will be taken into account when numbers are looked at in May.
double ensuite rooms at WYNG Gardens on Thompson's Lane (prices ranging from £78-£128).
If you wish to stay overnight, please choose your preferred option when booking.
Breakfast for both Wychfield and WYNG Gardens guests will be served on Central Site.
Additional nights may be available so please contact Liz Pentlow on alumni@trinhall.cam.ac.uk if this would be of interest.
If you prefer to book a hotel or B&B room, you may like to go to the Visit Cambridge website or telephone them on 0871 226 8006.
There will be some parking spaces available at our Wychfield site. These cannot be reserved and will be allocated on a first come-first served basis.
Alternative parking options will be included with the final information, which will be sent to those coming the week before the event.
We like to take photographs at our alumni events to use in our digital and print communications. If you do not wish to have your photo taken, please let us know in advance or on the day.
Click here to check who is on the Lost List for your year, and enter your year in the matric year box. If you are in touch with anyone listed, please ask them to contact us so we can invite them to the Reunion.
We are able to offer refunds for bookings cancelled five working days or more before an event. Requests for late refunds will be considered on an individual basis and refunds will be issued at the discretion of the Alumni & Development Office. We cannot accept responsibility if weather or disruption to travel prevents you from attending. Please email alumnioffice@trinhall.cam.ac.uk or contact +44 (0)1223 332567 at the earliest opportunity, if you need to cancel a booking.


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Q: On Riemann integrability and sequence of functions Let $f:[0, 1] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be such that:
$$f_n(x)=\left\{\begin{matrix}
x^2 \sin 1/x^2 & ,x \neq 0\\
0 &, 1/n <x =0
\end{matrix}\right.$$
Prove that $f$ (limit function of $f_n$) is continuous and differentiable but $f'$ is not Riemann integrable.
Question: Is the exercise correct or not? The second branch of the function is what bothers me. If it is correct how can I find the limit function $f$?

A: Assuming we indeed have
$$f_n(x)=\begin{cases}x^2\sin\dfrac1{x^2}&,\;\;x\neq 0\\{}\\\dfrac1n&,\;\;x=0\end{cases}$$
the limit function's clearly
$$f(x)=\begin{cases}x^2\sin\dfrac1{x^2}&,\;\;x\neq 0\\{}\\\;\;\;\;\;0&,\;\;x=0\end{cases}$$
Since $\;\sin\dfrac1{x^2}\;$ bounded, we get both continuity and existence of derivative at zero, and thus everywhere (why?)
$$f(x)\xrightarrow[x\to 0]{}0\;,\;\;f'(x)=\lim_{x\to0}\;x\sin\frac1{x^2}=0$$
yet the derivative function of $\;f\;$:
$$f'(x)=\begin{cases}2x\sin\dfrac1{x^2}-\dfrac2x\cos\dfrac1{x^2}&,\;\;x\neq0\\{}\\\;\;\;\;0&,\;\;x=0\end{cases}$$
isn't Riemann integrable as it isn't bounded near zero .

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The ADS58C28EVM is a circuit board that allows designers to evaluate the performance of Texas Instruments' ADS58C28 device, a dual channel 11-bit 200 MSPS analog to digital converter featuring TI's SNRBoost technology. The ADC EVM features a DDR LVDS data output which is compatible with TI's TSW1200 data capture card for rapid evaluation. The EVM provides a flexible environment to test the ADS58C28 under a variety of clock, input and supply conditions.
The evaluation module is designed with back-to-back wide bandwidth baluns on each of the converter's four inputs. This enables a wide sweep of single-ended input signals to be input into any channel of the ADC. The ADS58C28EVM is also compatible with the FMC-ADC-Adapter and the HSMC-ADC-Bridge EVMs. The adapter and bridge cards enable the ADS58C48 to mate with FMC and HSMC connectors found on Xilinx and Altera FPGA development kits, respectively. This enables rapid system level software prototyping without having to develop a custom prototyping board.


HIGH OCTANE: The Jive Aces are back in Clacton at the Princes Theatre next week..
HIGH-ENERGY swing band the Jives Aces leap into action at the Princes Theatre tomorrow night.
The Britain's Got Talent finalists average an astonishing 300 shows a year and have performed for the Queen and alongside rock royalty including Van Morrison.
They wowed BGT judge Simon Cowell with their version of the Jungle Book's I Wanna Be Like You.
Live shows include classics such as When You're Smiling, Mack The Knife and Sing, Sing, Sing.
The sextet claim their rendition of Bring Me Sunshine – which has had 3.25million views on Youtube – is so uplifting that it's even been prescribed by a doctor.
The Jive Aces are at the Princes on February 9 at 7.30pm. Tickets are £18 (£16 concessions) from the box office on 01255 686633.


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Undo 802
by Mike Davis | Jul 20, 2020 | Blog | 0 comments
Why is it that when conservatives suffer a major loss, they give up, accept the new status quo, and fall back to the next retreat position? When progressives suffer a major loss, they regroup and try again. And again. Until they finally wheedle the American public into giving in. I propose a change in strategy. The Oklahoma Legislature should make undoing State Question 802 its top legislative priority for 2021. This will not be an easy task (legislators seem to prefer avoiding difficult tasks) but it is a critical one. The normal legislative process, with all its pitfalls and traps for the unwary, will only bring the topic to another vote of the people. So why spend so much political capital and effort if the same result is possible? Three reasons.
First is the disastrous consequences of the policy. Forget that it enriches already-rich hospital and pharmaceutical executives. Forget that it gives the state incentives to prioritize the nearly-poor covered by expansion over the destitute covered by Oklahoma's existing Medicaid. Here's all you need to know: legislators are now required by the state constitution to fund the state's portion of Medicaid expansion, to the tune of $100 million. This means even when large portions of the economy have been shuttered, general collections are down, oil prices briefly go sub-zero, and have spend months below $40 a barrel, leading to the declaration of a revenue failure, the state budget must begin with full funding for Medicaid. Sound familiar? Welcome to 2020, though fortunately without the Medicaid mandate.
Education, normally a top priority for state budgets, now plays second fiddle. While the constitution requires funding for that as well, the legislature has a great deal more latitude with the education budget. That means it can experience deep cuts during the budget process, whereas the budget for Medicaid is locked into the state constitution, determined largely by federal eligibility guidelines, federal contributions, and the number of enrolled individuals. The legislature is nearly powerless to react to low revenue years by adjusting Medicaid.
Second, the radical disparity between in-person and absentee votes on SQ 802 raises concerns about the legitimacy of the election. Less than 7,000 votes separated the yeas from the nays. However, a sizable majority, 55 percent of in-person, election-day votes were cast against Obamacare expansion, while an incredible 80 percent of mail-in ballots were in favor of the proposal. Mail-in votes are considerably easier to defraud. Additionally, supporters of 802 sued to remove Oklahoma's best defense against mail-in fraud, the requirement that each ballot be notarized. The pro-802 party won a questionable judicial victory, and only fast action by the legislature prevented the scheme from succeeding. Absentee ballots were also likely less-informed than the in-person votes, because the No-on-802 campaign didn't start in earnest until the week before the election, after many absentee ballots had been mailed.
Third, a constitution is really no better than ordinary law if it is subject to revision on simple majority votes. The US Constitution requires two thirds of each chamber of Congress or two thirds of the states to propose an amendment or convention. Then three quarters of the states must ratify it. If an amendment fails at any of these stages, it has no legal impact – a city council meeting has more national legal effect than an amendment ratified by only 36 states. There are some scholars who argue this is too rigorous. But very few would say that it should be the same half-plus-one that creates ordinary statutes.
Amending the Oklahoma constitution ought to be materially more difficult than amending a statute. (The exception is that any attempt to undo a prior amendment ought to be subject to the same rules applied as the original. So an "Undo 802" amendment should require only a bare majority. Had 802 required a two thirds majority, that same standard should apply to attempts to repeal it.) A constitution is a written pre-commitment that a government will or will not do certain things. It's supposed to be where we put things that are too important to leave to a majority vote. It holds absolutely no value if it can be amended as easily as an ordinary statute. Is this anti-democratic? Perhaps; it is at least counter-majoritarian. So were many of the safeguards the framers put into the US Constitution. Federal judges are unelected and have life tenure. Every state, no matter its size or population, gets two senators. The framers did not set out to build a democracy, they set out to build on a foundation of democracy, overlaid with safeguards designed to prevent the worst aspects of democracy, like a slight majority dominating a large minority.
In Oklahoma, a referendum can amend either statute or the constitution, and the procedure is the same. The only difference is that amending the Constitution by referendum hamstrings the legislature. There are times when this is a good thing. We don't want them to be able to hand out favors to those who put them in office. But when considering the state budget, especially a line item that will be as all-encompassing as Medicaid, the legislature needs some room to operate.
One parting question: should absentee voting be available to everyone? Certainly voting should be available to everyone. It is a fundamental right of every citizen, born or naturalized. But if you want the privilege of voting absentee, you ought to be required to meet some burden of proof that you really can't go to the polling place on the appointed day like everyone else. Real medical issues, unavoidable travel, working the entirety of the time polls are open, these are good reasons for an accommodation. Do you really want to trust the future of democracy to those who simply can't be bothered to stand in line? Voting should be free, but that doesn't mean it should be costless, if for no other reason than to acknowledge the cost that has been paid by others to ensure we have the right to vote.
Voting rights and legitimacy issues aside, conservatives should not give up the fight just because "the people have spoken." Can you imagine progressives giving up on an important issue because they lost one vote? The legislature must show some backbone and send 802 back to the people.
Mike Davis is a Research Fellow at 1889 Institute. He can be reached at mdavis@1889institute.org.
The opinions expressed in this blog are those of the author, and do not necessarily reflect the official position of 1889 Institute.


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Q: How to extract a local user's username from an R Shiny server? In a local R session I can easily capture a user's local username using Sys.info()["username"].
I'm attempting to access the same information from users of an R Shiny app I'm developing so that different information will be displayed to different users. I'd like to avoid having users input their username and instead let the app automatically detect the user.
However, the problem I'm having is that when I attempt to implement this code in my Shiny application the username is consistently returned as "shiny".
Here is a small app I created to test this:
UI:
# ui.R

fluidPage(
  textOutput("user")
)

Server:
# server.R

function(input, output) {
  output$user <- renderText({
    Sys.info()["user"]
  })
}

Is it possible to extract a user's local username from an R Shiny server?


On peut lire sur le précieux site de The Auteurs (je vous recommande aussi le blog The Auteurs Daily tenu parDavid Hudson) un mot d'introduction de Scorsese présentant 5 perles du cinéma restaurées par la WCF (World Cinema Foundation) et accessibles en streaming sur le site.
I am proud to present this first line-up of films restored with the aid of the World Cinema Foundation. We launched the foundation in 2007 with the goal of restoring and preserving neglected films from around the world. We also understood, very quickly, that we needed to help create awareness of the films, to get them known and seen. That's why we entered into a partnership with The Auteurs.
The diversity of these pictures reflects the foundation and all it stands for, but it also reflects world cinema itself, and the richness to be found in the lost corners of cinema history.
These films were made at different moments in history, under a variety of circumstances, all across the globe. Each title needed attention and care. I'm glad that the World Cinema Foundation was able to help with their restoration and preservation. Each and every title is precious to me, and my hope is that a viewing on this website will lead you to seek out screenings of these pictures or perhaps DVDs as they appear. They don't deserve to be kept a secret. They deserve to be known.
Le numéro 33 de la revue tausend augen se penchera sur les représentations du football. Il y a beaucoup de choses à dire et à écrire, nous savons déjà que nous n'en couvrirons qu'une infime partie.
Un spot publicitaire de la plus grosse companie Israélienne de téléphone portable, Cellcom, suscite la colère et l'appel au boycott d'Israéliens et de Palestiniens qui y voient une minimisation de la gravité dun conflit, de la politique Israélienne sur la bande de Gaza et de la présence du mur. On y voit des soldats Israéliens dans leur jeep militaire le long du mur lorsqu'un ballon venu du côté Palestinien tombe sur le capot. Ils appellent d'autres militaires avec leurs portables et commencent à jouer à renvoyer le ballon de l'autre côté et communiquent ainsi avec la Palestine uniquement par ballon interposé, Palestine où la caméra n'ira jamais d'ailleurs.
Nous qui rêvions depuis la création de la revue d'un numéro spécial avec des entretiens sur le cinéma alignant Mouammar Kadafi, Kim Jong-Il et autres chefs d'Etat cinéphiles, savions l'amour du "frère guide" lybien pour le cinéma. Eu égard à ses obligations professionnelles, imagine-t'on, il a du opérer par le truchement de son fils pour parvenir à créer un fonds de production, suggestivement nommé Natural Selection et doté de $ 100 Millions !
Libya's Major General Engineer Al-Saadi Qadhafi has come on board as the major financier behind Natural Selection LLC, a new $100m+ private equity funded production company. Matty Beckerman formed Natural Selection, and will serve as CEO, based in Los Angeles.
In addition to funding from Qadhafi (who is the son of Libyan leader Muammar Qadhafi), Natural Selection will be backed by various private equity groups from around the world.
The private equity group was structured by Schuyler Moore at Stroock Stroock and Lavan, LLP and Natural Selection is represented by WME Global (Graham Taylor's newly rebranded arm of William Morris Endeavor Entertainment). WME Global will handle North American sales on some of Natural Selection's titles, and international sales will be handled on a film-by-film basis by other sales outfits.
Beckerman had been General Manager of Bulletproof Recording Company Inc, a film soundtrack and music supervision company that worked on projects including Nancy Drew, Charlotte's Web and Hamlet 2. Prior to that, he founded Now Or Never Records.
Natural Selection plans to add other hires, which will be announced in coming months.
Natural Selection CEO Matty Beckerman and Libya's Major General Engineer Al-Saadi Qadhafi.


In our latest episode of 'How Success Happens,' an entrepreneur and chef shares how he turned his side hustle -- bridging the hunger gap -- into a growing non-profit in just a year.... A non-profit organisation that involves the sale, on at least 12 days each financial year, of meals prepared by the organisation at a particular place is a licensable food business.
Collage by JFritz The NPQ is a good place to turn for the in-depth discussion of critical issues facing the nonprofit community. Very research-based, the longer publication cycle allows for editorial review and more detail on any given issue.... How to Refocus for the New Year Year-end fundraising goals and nonprofit success rates go up when the strategy is set well in advance. Reflect on last year and prepare for next.
How to Refocus for the New Year Year-end fundraising goals and nonprofit success rates go up when the strategy is set well in advance. Reflect on last year and prepare for next. steam how to sell more than 200 items A non-profit organisation that involves the sale, on at least 12 days each financial year, of meals prepared by the organisation at a particular place is a licensable food business.
Course Information Do you dream of starting and running your very own nonprofit? This highly interactive, hands-on course is ideal for anyone who is interested in forming a new nonprofit, converting an informal group to tax-exempt status, or reorganizing an existing organization. how to sell your house online australia How to Refocus for the New Year Year-end fundraising goals and nonprofit success rates go up when the strategy is set well in advance. Reflect on last year and prepare for next.
Collage by JFritz The NPQ is a good place to turn for the in-depth discussion of critical issues facing the nonprofit community. Very research-based, the longer publication cycle allows for editorial review and more detail on any given issue.
A non-profit organisation that involves the sale, on at least 12 days each financial year, of meals prepared by the organisation at a particular place is a licensable food business.
Course Information Do you dream of starting and running your very own nonprofit? This highly interactive, hands-on course is ideal for anyone who is interested in forming a new nonprofit, converting an informal group to tax-exempt status, or reorganizing an existing organization.


text:
Council Updates »July 14th Meeting
July 14th Meeting
This week, Tecumseh Town Council begins at 7pm. The link to watch the meeting will be able to be found here. The full agenda can be found here.
Delegations this week will include:
1. Joyce Zuk, Executive Director of Family Services Windsor-Essex and Elizabeth Strutt-MacLeod, Coordinator/Professor, School of Community Studies, St. Clair College Re: Proposed One-Year Pilot Project with Community Meditation Windsor Essex and Tecumseh
2. Bill Marra, Vice President External Affairs and Executive Director of Changing Lives Together Foundation, Hôtel Dieu Grace Healthcare
Re: Cardiac Wellness and Pulmonary Rehab Satellite Facility
1. Town of Lakeshore dated June 4, 2020 Re: Reconsideration of Permanent Closing of Local Newspapers. Lakeshore supports the recent Tecumseh motion asking Postmedia to reconsider the elimination of local print news service.
2. Town of Amherstburg dated June 26, 2020 Re: Permanent Closure of Weekly Newspapers Owned by Postmedia Network Inc. Amherstburg supports the recent Tecumseh motion asking Postmedia to reconsider the elimination of local print news service.
3. Township of Lake of Bays dated June 17, 2020 Re: Letter of Support for High Speed Internet Connectivity in Rural Ontario. Lake of Bays supports senior government investment in broadband internet to support offering of the service to rural communities.
4. Municipality of Mississippi Mills dated June 19, 2020. Re: Support for Rural Broadband. Mississippi Mills supports senior government investment in broadband internet to support offering of the service to rural communities.
5. Municipality of West Elgin dated June 26, 2020 Re: Affordable Access to Broadband. West Elgin supports senior government investment in broadband internet to support offering of private service to persons of all economic backgrounds.
6. Town of Renfrew dated June 23, 2020 Re: COVID-19 Pandemic affect on Economic Development, Employment and Small Business in Ontario. Renfrew requests that the Provincial Government be encouraged to quickly process the Investing in Canada Infrastructure Program grants to assist in maintaining local economic activity.
7. Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing dated July 7, 2020. Re: COVID-19 Economic Recovery Act. The Province advises of its intent to pass the noted Act which:
- Enables municipal councils and local boards to meet electronically on a permanent basis and allow municipal councils to decide if they wish to have proxy voting for their members.
- Finalizes the community benefits charges framework, which will for the first time allow for these charges to be used to develop new libraries.
- Enhances the Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing's existing zoning order authority to provide more certainty when fast tracking the development of transit oriented communities.
- Makes it faster to update and harmonize the Building Code
- Permanently establishes the office of the Provincial Land and Development Facilitator to help solve complex land use issues.
8. City of Sarnia dated June 24, 2020 Re: Long Term Care Homes in Ontario. Sarnia calls on the Province to implement the following:
1. increasing hours for all part-time and casual labour
2. inspect privately operated long term care homes to ensure they are being properly run, and that funds are being used for the benefit of the residents and not the huge profitability of the operators, and
3. to end the neglect and unacceptable conditions being experienced, each day, by our vulnerable seniors.
9. CARP Windsor Essex Chapter 7 dated June 24, 2020 Re: COVID-19 and Long Term Care Homes. CARP requests the participation of their Ottawa Chapter on the pending provincial Independent Commission regarding Long Term Care.
10. Town of Amherstburg dated June 25, 2020 Re: Spread of COVID-19 in our Farm Worker Population. Amherstburg advises of support for portions of a recent resolution by Essex Town Council regarding addressing issues in the migrant worker community. However, Amherstburg did not endorse the Essex request to impose manadatory COVID-19 testing on workers.
11. Town of Essex dated July 3, 2020 Re: COVID-19 Financial Relief for Municipalities. Essex requests that MPP Taras Natyshak read aloud in the legislature a request that the Ontario Government to provide immediate relief and/or financial support in order to assist with the additional financial burdens that Municipalities all across Ontario have had to bear and will continue to bear as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
12. Town of Amherstburg dated June 26, 2020 Re: Universal Basic Income. Amherstburg supports the City of Kitchener request to have the Provincial and Federal governments collaborate with respect to introducing a universal basic income program for all residents.
13. Municipality of West Elgin dated June 26, 2020 Re: Universal Basic Income. West Elgin supports the Grey Highlands request to have the Provincial and Federal governments collaborate with respect to introducing a universal basic income program for all residents.
14. Township of Puslinch dated July 7, 2020 Re: Aggregate Resource Properties. Puslinch calls upon the Province to work with the Municipal Property Assessment Corporation to address the assessment issue so that aggregate resource properties are assessed for their industrial value.
15. Ontario Energy Board dated June 30, 2020 Re: Notice of Hearing and Procedural Order No. 1 - Enbridge Gas Inc. - Windsor Pipeline Replacement Project. Essex County and Enbridge Gas are in a dispute regarding the construction of a 22.9 km segment of pipeline along County Road 46. The contested issues include the depth of cover of certain segments of the replacement pipeline and removal of certain segments of the existing pipeline in lieu of abandonment in place.
16. County of Essex, dated June 24, 2020 Re: Notice of Decision regarding Official Plan Amendment No. 15 - 12300 County Road 42 - Bashi. Essex County has approved to re-designate the subject 0.66 hectare (1.63 acre) parcel of land located on the northeast corner of the County Road 42/Lesperance intersection (12300 County Road 42) from "Neighbourhood Commercial" to "Medium Density Residential" and to introduce a new site-specific policy to facilitate the development of the lands for four, six-unit, three-storey dwellings and establish a total lot density of 36 units per hectare.
17. Minister of the Environment, Conservation and Parks dated July 8, 2020 Re: Environmental Assessment Modernization. The Province advises of proposed updates to the Environmental Assessment process including the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment, and invites comment.
Committee Minutes include:
1. Town on Tecumseh Business Improvement Area - May 13, 2020 and June 10, 2020This item has attachments.
1. Chief Administrative Officer
a. CAO-2020-03 2019 Strategic Plan Report. Administration supplies a comprehensive summary of the strategic efforts made by the Town over the 2019 calendar year.
b. CAO-2020-04 Town Hall Reopening. Administration advises of the intent to reopen Town Hall for services. From July 20 forward, Town Hall and Arena Customer Service areas are proposed to be reopened to the public for in-person, drop-in traffic during the hours of 1 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday – Friday while Town Hall is proposed to be opened to the Public for scheduled in-person appointments, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. Monday – Friday. Limited in-person meetings in board rooms and offices would resume when safe physical distancing (2 metres) protocol can be observed. On September 11, the Town would re-evaluate open hours for public in-person, drop-in traffic and the screening method. Until September 30th, Town Hall staff occupancy would remain at approximately 50% to allow extra space for building renovation to be completed.
c. CAO-2020-05 Rural Economic Development Program Funding. Tecumseh was successful in securing funds from the Province's Rural Economic Development program under the Economic Diversification and Competitiveness Stream to modernize and streamline the Building Department's Permitting system through digitization. The project will include digitizing files, providing opportunities for online applications and having hardware (iPads) for Town Inspectors to reduce the time it takes to process applications and permits. The project is expected to reduce red tape, better coordinate permit approvals and provide efficiencies in the entire permitting process.
a. CS-2020-19 Council Meetings 2021. Administration recommends that Regular Council Meeting dates be cancelled on Tuesday, August 24, 2021 and Tuesday, December 28, 2021. In addition, Town Hall would remain closed from Friday, December 24, 2021, until Monday, January 3, 2022.
b. CS-2020-22 Dog Control Services. Administration recommends that the Agreement regarding dog control services with Phillip A. Byrne be renewed for an additional two years from January 1, 2021 to December 31, 2022.
a. FS-2020-07 2019 Year-End Variance Report. For the 2019 fiscal year, Administration is reporting a total surplus of $913,981.
a. PRS-2020-17 Hôtel Dieu Grace Healthcare Letter of Intent Tecumseh Sportsplex Capital Contribution. Administration recommends that Council authorize the execution of the Letter of Intent between Hôtel-Dieu Grace Healthcare and The Town of Tecumseh to construct a Cardiac Wellness and Pulmonary Rehab Satellite Facility. The facility would be paid for entirely by Hôtel Dieu Grace Healthcare and there would be an operational agreement.
5. Planning & Building Services
a. PBS-2020-21 D19 3455NTR, Zoning By-law Amendment, 3435 North Talbot Road. Administration recommends the scheduling of a public meeting for the application submitted by 470698 Ontario Ltd. (Dalla Bona Construction) to rezone a 1.0 hectare (2.4 acre) property situated on the south side of North Talbot Road, approximately 40 metres (130 feet) east of its intersection with Hennin Drive (3455 North Talbot Road), from "Industrial Zone (M1)" to a site-specific "Business Park Zone (BP)" in order to permit the addition of general/business offices, professional offices, a union hall, restaurants, craft industries/specialty workshops and retail sales as permitted uses, and establish site-specific yard/lot requirements, be authorized, once Council formally approves the holding of virtual public meetings.
b. PBS-2020-22 Community Mediation Windsor-Essex, 1 Year Pilot Program with Town of Tecumseh. Administration recommends that Council authorize entering into a One-Year Pilot Community Mediation Program with Community Mediation Windsor-Essex in order to assist Town residents in resolving neighbourhood conflicts/disagreements, and further that the use of Town facilities to host the mediation sessions at no cost to the users, be approved.
c. PBS-2020-23 Suspension of Sign By-law 2018-33 Regulations Governing Temporary Signs During COVID-19 Emergency. Administration advises that through delegation of authority, a moratorium was enacted to waive provisions of By-law No. 2018-33 ("the Sign By-law"):
1. the requisite $50.00 permit application fee;
2. the display period time limits (i.e. one 60-day period or two 30-day periods); and
3. the three-sign maximum at any given time for a multiple-tenant property (i.e. a commercial plaza).
d. PBS-2020-24 Housekeeping Amendment to limit Permitted uses on Agricultural zoned lands in Hamlet Development Designation. Administration recommends the scheduling of a public meeting in accordance with The Planning Act, for a proposed housekeeping zoning by-law amendment to the Sandwich South Zoning By-law 85-18 to limit the permitted agricultural uses on lands zoned Agricultural Zone (A) within settlement areas as delineated in the Sandwich South Official Plan, be authorized, once Council formally approves the holding of virtual public meetings.
In addition I have put forward a motion for Administration to review warrants for enacting a Community Safety Zone at Arrowhead Park.


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Phoebe is a young, beautiful woman condemned to a life of loneliness. She suffers from a rare condition that prevents her from being exposed to light, her only window to the outside world an Internet video blog. Despite her condition, she keeps a sunny disposition. But when a mysterious visitor invades her home and threatens to expose her world to sunlight, she is forced to find shelter in the dark.


This sounds good, and it looks in the direction of a real problem: how to stop innocent gossip turning into damaging claims in the far distance future. But the problem space is wrongly understood, and hence the solution is only cute: Distracting at best and dangerous at worst.
It is a real problem that others can read your emails. But the essence of "who" the "others" are may be more important than the way of protecting the email. It turns out that in the history of communication, indeed of all of society, the damage done by unknown and remote others is miniscule and rare, vanishingly small as it where, whereas the damage done by those you are in close contact with outweighs anything the bogeyman ever did to you. Real harm is a story of enemies-once-friends, partners turned civil suitors, spouses now friendly with expensive divorce lawyers. Statistically, the rest is just smoke.
Usefully, Vanish takes aims at this important group of future threats by trying to make the encryption key unavailable to everyone after a certain period of time, both for ourselves, and our friend-turned-enemy. But there is a lurking problem here, as once the message is seen on your counterparty's screen, it can also be trivially copied and archived.
Hence, approaches like Vanish become more like a warning to honest people to be honest, please, and less a defence against people who aren't so honourable. In other words, a cute trick. It does nothing to stop their good intentions from shifting to bad, and thus works more for your future aggressor than it does for you.
Indeed, people being people, Vanish sets you up for the fall. In the trade, we call this a false sense of security; while you believe your messages are "vanishing" your counterparty is screen-scraping them into a secret archive, to be revealed at a moment of considerable discomfort to you.
This is not the first time such a marketing claim has been made. SSL is frequently claimed to protect transactions, even though they are woefully unprotected in the most dangerous of places: the server and client nodes. Closer to Vanish's design space, a protocol called OTR tried a similar trick, and fell to the same trap of false security. OTR, for "off the record," purports to make it hard to prove that you sent a message. Hence, by some mathematical logic, you are safe to say outrageous things, because nobody can prove you said it. But this is just techie fantasy. Cryptographic proof of sending a message is a trivial barrier overcome with great ease in real life, and generally with much cost to you. Try lying to your parents, but don't try it before the judge. Still, one has to admire the supreme faith that technical protocols and especially cryptographic blah blah can solve our human shortfalls in societal behaviour!
CAcert has another answer, although again it is only a partial answer and not a comprehensive solution. You and I can agree that our messages are private and are to virtually vanish within X hours. As a contract, and under our civil jurisdiction of CAcert's Arbitration, we can make CAcert Assurer Reliable Statements to each other, and be held to them. If we agree that our discussion is "gossip" and we will delete them in 12 hours, and act as if deleted in all ways, then that's something we can rely on. Even if I were to breach my CAcert Assurer Reliable Statement, you can ask the Arbitrator to remind me of my duties.
Of course, that won't work under a criminal investigation; whatever we think about "honour amongst thieves," that limitation is there. Also, an Arbitrator or Judge cannot stop these embarrassing emails being leaked, once already done. But at least this concept reaches into the future, and rests on human behaviour not cryptographic blah blah.
This entry was posted in Rants on 2009-08-15 by iang.
Vanish has been attacked . Basically this could be as expected, the system looked as though it was rushed forward from a commercial view (articles, press, etc), without enough time to sit back and think about it. According to the post on Freedom-to-Tinker below, the Vanish team have done some fixes.
Note that this is a side comment; the attack is on the technical aspects, and does not change the above.


New Jersey Fair Foreclosure Act was adopted to provide homeowners with the ability to cure a defaulted mortgage.
Good Public Policy To Cure Defaults.
The Legislature, when enacting the Fair Foreclosure Act, found that it was good for New Jersey for homeowners to be given every opportunity to pay their home mortgages, and thus keep their homes; and that lenders will be benefited when residential mortgage borrowers cure their defaults and return defaulted residential mortgage loans to performing status.
The Act Applies to Residential Mortgages Only.
The Fair Foreclosure Act applies only to residential mortgage loans in which the property is owner-occupied and does not contain more than four units. "Owner" can extend to the owner's immediate family.
Notice of Intention To Foreclosure.
The first protection arises in the form of a Notice of Intent To Foreclosure which must be a written notice sent to the borrower 30 days prior to filing a Complaint and initiating a foreclosure action notifying the borrower that it has the right to cure and of the amount of the default and how to cure the default.
This provision has had much attention lately in a Bankruptcy Court case where Judge Kaplan found in In Re Washington that the date from which the statute of limitations is calculated in addition to what is stated in the Act can also be the date the entire loan was accelerated. This typically occurs in the Complaint when it is filed which means the Complaint would have had to have been dismissed for some reason and then re-filed within six years from the date of the first Complaint (the acceleration date). This may be a rare occurrence but may apply if your case was dismissed for lack of prosecution or due to the large settlement in 2012.
Otherwise, the statute of limitations runs six years from the date for the making of the last payment or the maturity date of the note. 36 years from the date of recording the mortgage and 20 years from the date which the borrower defaulted.
This is the cornerstone of the Act and provides that at any time during the foreclosure action, up until the date of entry if final judgment, the borrower can cure the default.
Notice Prior to Entry of Final Judgment.
An additional notice notifying the borrower that it has the right to cure must be sent to the borrower 14 days prior to asking the court to enter final judgment. The notice notifies the borrower that it has the right to cure and that if the borrower believes he or she can cure with 45 days, to notify the lender within 10 days of the notice. If such a notice is sent to the lender, the lender cannot ask for final judgment until 46 days has past.
In the event the default is cured, the lender is required to restore the borrower to the same position it held proper to the default. In other words, the borrower can continue to pay the mortgage payments under the terms that were in place on the day of default.
If Your Hone Is Abandoned.
The Act does provide some relief to lenders if the home is abandoned. The time frames and additional notices can be avoided if the lender can show to the Court that the home is abandoned.
The Fair Foreclosure Act, with the addition of the additional notices and protections creates and extended time-frame for residential foreclosure actions which at minimum are 169 days and at maximum 200 days. This of course assumes the borrower is not represented by counsel and is allowing the case to proceed uncontested (either did not file an answer or filed an non-contesting answer). It also assumes the lender does not delay in processing the case and that the Court is not backlogged. Click this link for more detailed information on time frames for a residential foreclosure action in New Jersey.


How does one write a book in such an unwieldy field? One problem – apart from the obvious unmanageability of swelling bibliographies – is that "mafiological" literature is still beset by its original dilemma: is the mafia the set of codes of honour and family values we are accustomed to see at a Mascagni opera? Or is it the brutal reality of a criminal association whose only goal is the parasitical accumulation of wealth? One possibility is to keep in mind the old saying of Giambattista Vico: "myths have a public basis in truth." What truth, then, lies at the heart of the mafia myths that the cultural industry has so gladly dispensed upon us? What social needs, what desires and fears are satisfied by mafia myths?
Sustaining these questions is my list of 10 books – some fact, some myth, and some both – that may help to navigate these murky waters.
Robin Hood in England, Janosik in Poland and Slovakia, Diego Corrientes Mateos in Andalusia, and the mafiosi in Sicily are in this book archetypes of the social rebel who took from the rich to give to the poor. It is unfortunate that the most powerful of mafia myths – the honourable bandit in shotgun and tights – took shape in the pages of one of the most scrupulous and fact-driven modern historians. The verdict is unanimous: Hobsbawm is guilty of mafia mythology. But then again, don't we all wish for a world of equality and justice, in which someone – even a mafioso – can right wrongs and prove that oppression can be turned upside down?
A sunburnt Sicilian town reminiscent of Lordsburg in John Ford's Stagecoach. A bus is about to leave the station when a gunshot is heard, leaving a body on the ground. The problem is that Captain Bellodi, in charge of investigating the crime, is no John Wayne – nor does Sciascia have any patience for western-style happy endings. The book remains one of the most engaging and thrilling detective stories ever written about the mafia – to avoid only if you have no tolerance for untidy endings.
Like Christ in Dostoevsky's legend of the Grand Inquisitor, war-decorated hero Michael Corleone returns to civilian life after the second world war. Whether he should resist the temptation of organised crime, or yield to it for the good of the family, is the question Puzo borrows from Dostoevsky. The Godfather is a temptation of Christ for Nietzschean times – when the Don is dead, will-to-power affirms itself as a "yes!" to criminal life.
First published in German in 1970, and reissued in 1998, this is the classic sociological work on the mafia. Hess is on a mission to debunk all mafia myths – its medieval origin, its masonic rituals, and, above all, the myth of the mafia as an organisation. Hess's mafia is instead the un-organised yet dominant subculture of Sicily to which no Sicilian is extraneous. Unsurprisingly, the book was much hated in Sicily.
Sitting on the Advisory Board of the Nathanson Centre on Transnational Human Rights, Crime and Security at York University in Toronto, and with a personal history in the anti-mafia, Nicaso has understandably little patience for the myth of men of honour. With journalist and novelist Lee Lamothe, Nicaso writes this most informative book on the transformation of organised crime under the "the new world order".
This carefully researched book reads almost like a novel. It would stand to reason, in fact, that only a novelist à la George RR Martin could possibly imagine the endless saga of grisly murders that happen on almost every page of this book. Credit for the gruesome plot goes to mafia boss Salvatore Riina, who made Westeros look like a holiday spa by comparison.
Saviano investigates the global and financial ambitions of organised crime in the age of neoliberalism. Reading Gomorrah, it becomes increasingly difficult to distinguish the logic of today's mafias from that of global corporations. Beautifully written, Gomorrah is an example of that peculiar Neapolitan genre, the "essay-novel".
I have recommended this at times as a travel guide. The way Robb describes Sicilian landscapes and cities – most notably Palermo, "sacked" for roughly 30 years by mafia-led constructions and land speculation – is unequalled even by the "roughest" tourist guides.
Historian Dickie is a master storyteller – which is fortunate for the reader of this 800-page tome, whose pages turn very quickly. It is one of the few books I know that attempt to trace the exhaustive history not of one, but of three Italian criminal organisations: 'ndrangheta, camorra, and mafia.
the antimafia – which, Santino tells us, is as old as the mafia – has a remarkably low profile. The founder and director of the antimafia Centro siciliano di documentazione in Palermo, Santino is poised to change all that with this timely history.
The Mafia: A Cultural History by Roberto Dainotto is published by Reaktion Books priced £20. Buy it from the Guardian bookshop for £16.


text:
2021 Year-End Report
FUNDACION HUMANITARIA COSTARRICENSE
CEDULA JURIDICA: 3-006-204046.
Gail D. Nystrom, MA Ed.
Apartado: 458 Santa Ana Centro,
Telefono: (506) 8390-4192
E-mail: fundacionhumanitariacr@gmail.com
Click here to view full version of the 2021 Annual ReportDownload
As with most everyone in the world, Covid 19 was the overriding topic of concern, discussion and care during this year. Everyone we had contact with lived with hope, fear, anxiety and bewilderment. Our kids made drawings of what they felt like during this year and we share them with you. They expressed so eloquently what many of us were able to describe.
In loving memory of Michael Urena
However, be that as it may our organization continued to grow and flourish in all ways. We are so fortunate to have a very dedicated group of collaborators who didn't give in to this strange disease and kept all our programs running in a safe, respectful, legal and inspiring way. We know that it was our "solidarity" with each other that kept us on the job every single day for the whole year. If one of us felt distraught, the others would quickly step in to fill the hollow space – both for the community and for the person. We were good role models for all the children and youth of the communities, never once taking off our masks or allowing others to do so. Daily hand washing has become the norm as has use of alcohol on the hands and disinfectant on surfaces. We are glad to report that not one of our population became ill in a serious way. We had no hospitalizations and we maintained a good line of communication to keep track of each other.
We continued to use and refine our Spiral Model as we provided food, housing, health care, health education, education, training for small businesses and seed funding. We recieved reugees fleeing from Nicaragua, especially in the last two months, taught children on a daily basis and provided food for 2,000 people a week.
None of this could have been remotely possible without our enthusiastic and loyal donors. Gary Kaplan continued with his generous sponsorship of the two teachers and the soccer coach. With the stipend they received, they were able to maintain a diginifiged standard of living. He also provided a monthly donation for director discretionary funds which we used to provide rent relief, medical care, home repairs and payment of operational costs. On top of that, he made it possible to obtain three vehicles. We found a very stable, reliable and strong car – a Hyundai Santa Fe for me to drive all over the country with to provide services for a variety of populaations. Pedro and Marcos were able to get a 16 passenger van so that they could help with food delivery and taxi passengers around. Pedro went out nearly every day to get the food from Auto Mercado and trained with the youth in the afternoons. Jeff Fisher continued to provide funds to us as he sold houses . He gave us a portion of the commission that he earned and we used these funds mainly too buy houses in La Carpio for single mothers. Both Jeff and Gary are now part of our "adivsory board" for the Foundation as they give me good ideas about how to use and obtain more funds. We also continue to get unconditional support from the Palmedo Foundation, the Epstein family Foundation, the Rocap family and Wells Mountain Initiative which is our fiscal support organization for the US tax exempt status.
Thanks to the payapl option, we have gotten many smaller donations – like a $10 monthly donation – to make sure that we continue to provide basic food baskets to nearly 100 families per week.
Our teachers Melisa and Nela kept the education program going and actually expanded it. We now have the English speaking program going on Friday and Saturday and are teaching to 30 adults and children. Our normal academic acativities continued all year for children from four to 16 years of age. Teachers were given constant training and skills building sessions.
All our children got support for at home learning and a relationship of support was developed with the parents of the kids through creative use of wasap. Everyone passed the Ministry of Education qualifying exams, some with 100%. And, all the students passed to the next grade. There was a marked improvement in basic Reading and math skills.
Coach Pedro continued to mentor, teach, discipline and care for over 130 boys and youth. Now he has several boys in training with the local national teams. They are constantly invivted to practice games with the private schools so that their students can learn from the sports etiquette that the boys demonstrate.
Café Britt gave us a few purchase orders during the first part of the year so our seamstresses had a chance to earn some money. Then, Brenda Hicks taught the women to make masks for prevention of COVID and they were able to sell some of them. Tesoro Tico provided a chance to sew some creative natural products.
Special projects included the following:
The young mothers group for women who are single and are raising a baby on their own Their weely lunches were a time for them to compare notes and to watch as each baby developed.
The adolescent girls group to support girls as they go through the difficult stage of life that is confusng time of life in the best of times. In order to help them sort out the conflictsing feelings they somethimes have, they produced and presented a play that interweaves the life of Anne Frank Carpo during COVID and the lead charachter of the movie Pajaro de Fuego
Daily hot lunches for our collaborators
Special lunches and activities to celebrate holidays
Weekly Trauma management sessions with the refugees including hot lunch for 48 weeks. These sessions ended with a museum style exhibit and a bilingual book about the refugee experience.
My Book is My Friend program sponsored by Allen Stevenson School and their dynamic teacher Samarita who sponsored programs to raise funds for the children to receive book kits wth materials to interact with Reading. We sponsoored Saturday sessions to learn about the lessons protrayed in the book.We produced and presented a play about the book
Continued support for people suffering with addiction problems as a result of childhood trauma. We used the movie "Pajaro de Fuego" which we helped produce, as a motivator for a seminar about violence, gender relationship, drugs , and other topics that we have to live with
Activities in nature at Finca Hope where the soccer boys, teen girls, refugees and women come to get away from la Carpio to have important contact with the trees, plants, pool and physical activities. We also sheltered a refugee family in the newly renovated upstairs house.
In October, a new donor interested in our work appeared. His special interest is people who are in deep pain or suffering and we began to provide him with names and biographical information about some of our more difficult cases. Before we knew it, we were providing wheelchairs, food and help with immigration issues to many people. Howard Chudler has been an actively involved donor who loves to hear about and talk to people he has helped. For my part, I am very relieved to know that I can provide real support in a concrete way to so many people.
Finally, as we communicated in the 2020 report, we had received a generous donation from the Japanese people through their embassy. In the first year we completed the upgrade or construction of five clinics in the Cabecar indigenous área. In this year 2021, we completed three aqueduct systems for three of the clinics and their surrounding communities. This Project was complex and time consuming as we had to deal with climate challenges such as heavy rains and flooding, late delivery of materials, isolation without being able to access the áreas and cultural differences between indigenous, Japanese, Costa Rican government and CRHF. In spite of all that the clinics are built, the water systems are installed and the financial reports are at the audit for final approval. We are very grateful to the ADI, indigenous development association, the Japanese Embassy and the contractors who helped with all of this.
We ended the year with a modified Christmas party, taking into account the limits on numbers of people who are allowed in a space but well organized by Natasha, Gary Kaplan's assistant. We had a great time and loved seeing the "superhéroes" All dressed up and ready for a photo opportunity.
And, just as we beagn 2022 unfortunately, a group of thirty non indigenous people were jumping up and down on the bridge we had built in 2010 and had just upgraded this year and the bridge gave with the weight of so many people. No one was seriously injured however, it was a big diasappointment to us because we had built it with such love and caring. Now, the people will have to wade aross the river as twenty years ago and emergency services will be affected.
Finally, our dear friend and community leader and coordinator of volunteers was attacked by a man with a machete because Leo was protecting the forest and the man wanted to use the land for cattle. These kinds of disputes are not unusual here but Leo wound up seriously hurt in the hospital. Fortunately, he is now recovered and out of danger. We look forward to continuing our imiportant work wth him, as does he with us. Leo has been acative every single day for the last two years coordinating community projects and volunteer groups.
Thanks to all the many people who continued to send love and caring to all of us as we moved along in this strange time. We feel strong and capable and ready for any hapepning and look forward to continuing next year.


text:
Sulfolobales is an order of archaeans in the class Thermoprotei.

Phylogeny
The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)  and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)

DNA transfer
Exposure of Sulfolobus solfataricus to the DNA damaging agents UV-irradiation, bleomycin or mitomycin C induces cellular aggregation.  Other physical stressors, such as pH or temperature shift, do not induce aggregation, suggesting that induction of aggregation is caused specifically by DNA damage.  Ajon et al. showed that UV-induced cellular aggregation mediates chromosomal marker exchange with high frequency.  Recombination rates exceeded those of uninduced cultures by up to three orders of magnitude. Frols et al. and Ajon et al. hypothesized that the UV-inducible DNA transfer process and subsequent homologous recombinational repair represents an important mechanism to maintain chromosome integrity. This response may be a primitive form of sexual interaction, similar to the more well-studied bacterial transformation that is also associated with DNA transfer between cells leading to homologous recombinational repair of DNA damage.  In another related species, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, UV-irradiation also increases the frequency of recombination due to genetic exchange.

The ups operon

The ups (UV-induced pilus) operon of Sulfolobus species is highly induced by UV irradiation.  The pili encoded by this operon are employed in promoting cellular aggregation, which is necessary for subsequent DNA exchange between cells, resulting in homologous recombination.

A study of the Sulfolobales acidocaldarius ups operon showed that one of the genes downstream of the operon, saci-1497, encodes an endonuclease III that nicks UV-damaged DNA; and another gene of the operon, saci-1500, encodes a RecQ-like helicase that is able to unwind homologous recombination intermediates such as Holliday junctions. It was proposed that Saci-1497 and Saci-1500 function in an homologous recombination-based DNA repair mechanism that uses transferred DNA as a template.  Thus it is thought that the ups system in combination with homologous recombination provide a DNA damage response which rescues Sulfolobales from DNA damaging threats.

References

Further reading

Scientific journals

Scientific books

External links

Archaea taxonomic orders
Thermoproteota

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia