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Botaniatès ou Botaneiates ou Botaniate (grec : ), né vers 1001 et mort en 1081, est empereur byzantin du  au .

Issu d'une famille aristocratique d'Anatolie, il s'illustre par ses talents de chef militaire à plusieurs occasions et sur différents fronts, dans le contexte d'un Empire byzantin à son apogée depuis la mort de  en 1025 mais en butte à des menaces extérieures nouvelles et à une instabilité interne grandissante avec la fin de la dynastie macédonienne. De par son influence, Nicéphore est assez vite un acteur des crises et des révoltes qui secouent le monde politique byzantin. Il soutient ainsi  quand il prend le pouvoir en 1057, avant d'être exilé par  et de revenir en grâce sous  après la bataille de Mantzikert. Néanmoins, mécontent de la tournure des événements qui voit la pénétration de plus en plus marquée des Seldjoukides en Asie Mineure, il finit par se détourner de l'empereur et se révolte contre lui en 1078. Soutenu par une partie notable de l'élément anatolien de l'Empire, inquiet pour son avenir, il parvient à s'emparer du trône, alors même qu'une autre révolte venue d'Europe vise aussi Constantinople.

D'emblée, le règne de Nicéphore est marqué par la lutte incessante contre des complots et des soulèvements à différents endroits de l'Empire. Il se montre incapable d'installer solidement sa légitimité dans un jeu politique caractérisé par des luttes d'influence et une compétition entre différentes branches de l'aristocratie. S'il tente d'acheter la loyauté de la population, de l'armée ou de puissantes familles par une politique de cadeaux qui fragilise le trésor impérial, il est dépassé par les défis nombreux auxquels fait face l'Empire, en particulier l'avancée des Seldjoukides en Anatolie ou encore le débarquement des Normands de Robert Guiscard dans les Balkans. Bientôt, ses soutiens s'amenuisent et c'est de la famille des Comnènes, un temps loyale à sa cause, que le soulèvement décisif intervient en 1081. Porté par Alexis Comnène, il rassemble un parti suffisamment fort pour prendre Constantinople au début du mois d'avril. Nicéphore abdique et se retire dans un monastère où il meurt quelques mois plus tard. L'installation de la dynastie des Comnènes marque le début d'une nouvelle phase dans l'histoire de l'Empire byzantin.

Sources

La source la plus riche du règne de  est L'Histoire écrite dans les années 1070 par l'historien Michel Attaleiatès. C'est un contemporain de l'empereur et il se dissocie largement des écrits de Michel Psellos, dont la Chronographie est l'autre grand ouvrage de la période. Attaleiatès met en avant les mérites de Nicéphore et mentionne des actions ignorées d'autres textes, comme son rôle de chef de l'arrière-garde lors de la bataille de la passe de Zygos, à laquelle Attaleiatès consacre de nombreuses pages. Ce point de vue de l'auteur s'explique bien, car il a été élevé au rang de vestes par Nicéphore. À l'inverse, il est bien plus critique envers son prédécesseur, . Il lui reproche largement la perte de l'Asie Mineure, dont il est originaire, à la suite de la bataille de Mantzikert. Il pourrait alors se faire le porte-voix d'une partie de la population byzantine qui a pu se sentir abandonnée. Dans le même temps, Nicéphore est lui-même originaire d'Anatolie et bénéficie donc d'un regard plus positif de Michel Attaleiatès.

Michel Psellos défend une autre position à propos de . Tous deux d'origine aristocratique, Michel Psellos se montre favorable à son égard et passe sous silence ses échecs ou ses difficultés, notamment son action en Asie Mineure ou la dévaluation de la monnaie byzantine.

Enfin, l'Alexiade, texte centré sur , est une autre source de valeur à propos de Nicéphore. Les passages qui lui sont consacrés sont probablement tirés des écrits de Nicéphore Bryenne le Jeune, le mari d'Anne Comnène, auteure du roman. Du fait même qu'elle est la fille d'Alexis et que celui-ci a renversé Nicéphore, son récit est naturellement défavorable à ce dernier et met surtout l'accent sur les actes de son père.

Les autres sources sont plus secondaires dans l'analyse de Nicéphore et de son règne. Il est brièvement mentionné dans Synopsis Historion de Jean Skylitzès, dont le déroulement s'arrête en 1057, mais plus en détail dans le Skylitzès continué, rédigé sous Alexis et favorable à celui-ci.

Guillaume d'Apulie, historien normand de la fin du  offre une perspective extérieure sur le règne de Nicéphore, puisqu'il décrit l'offensive de Robert Guiscard à l'encontre des Byzantins en 1081. Du fait même qu'il est étranger à l'Empire, son opinion à l'égard de Nicéphore est relativement neutre. Nicéphore est aussi mentionné dans les récits de Matthieu d'Édesse et de Michel le Syrien, composés bien après la mort de l'empereur mais dont les avis sont quelque peu détachés des querelles politiques de l'époque. Si Michel le Syrien est très critique envers , il semble suivre l'opinion de Michel Attaleiatès à l'égard de Nicéphore, sans rentrer dans les détails. Quant à Matthieu, il suit au contraire le texte de Michel Psellos. Par conséquent, il décrit en des termes peu amènes voire carrément dégradants, Nicéphore.

Contexte général

Le monde byzantin de la deuxième moitié du  est profondément troublé. À sa mort en 1025,  a laissé un Empire puissant, presque au maximum de son expansion depuis Héraclius et bénéficiaire d'une prospérité économique ainsi que d'un renouveau intellectuel de premier plan. La dynastie macédonienne a su installer une légitimité dynastique inédite dans l'ordre politique romano-byzantin mais son extinction à la mort de  puis de  en 1028 met cet édifice en péril. Les querelles de pouvoir s'accélèrent dès lors que plus aucun prétendant légitime au trône n'existe. Cette compétition, parfois schématiquement décrite comme une opposition entre des familles aristocratiques aux fonctions militaires et d'autres aux fonctions civiles, revêt en réalité une complexité assez grande. Ce sont des clans, constitués au gré d'alliances matrimoniales, de proximité géographique ou de préoccupations communes, qui s'affrontent. Ces grandes familles sont les Doukas, les Comnènes, les Diogènes ou encore les Mélissènes. Ces rivalités fragilisent immanquablement l'Empire alors que des peuples nouveaux se massent à ses frontières, dont les Turcs en Orient, les Normands qui envahissent l'Italie byzantine ou les Petchénègues au nord du Danube, tandis que l'économie souffre aussi de cette instabilité chronique et du coût des guerres civiles. C'est dans ce contexte fort troublé, marqué par les conséquences de la grave défaite de Mantzikert face aux Turcs en 1071, qu'intervient l'ascension puis le règne de  Botaniatès.

Carrière avant la prise du pouvoir

Origines familiales

Nicéphore est né en 1001 ou 1002 de l'union entre Michel Botaniatès et sa femme. Il appartient à la puissante famille militaire des Botaniatès, originaire des Anatoliques. Selon Attaliatès, tant le grand-père de Nicéphore (lui aussi prénommé Nicéphore) que son père Michel servent comme généraux sous , lors de ses conquêtes du Premier Empire bulgare et de ses guerres contre les Géorgiens. Il rajoute aussi que sa famille est liée à celle de l'empereur  et, plus largement, à la famille des Phocas. Il n'est pas impossible qu'il s'agisse d'une invention destinée à renforcer la légitimité de Nicéphore Botaniatès quand il arrive sur le trône mais Michel Psellos semble confirmer ce lien puisqu'il l'appelle  Phocas dans sa reproduction de la lettre de  à Nicéphore. Ce dernier se marie à une dénommée Vevdene puis épouse en secondes noces Marie d'Alanie, l'ancienne femme de . Dans l'ensemble, peu de choses sont connues de la vie de Nicéphore avant 1053, si ce n'est qu'il sert comme officier sous  dans sa guerre contre les Petchénègues entre 1048 et 1053.

Carrière militaire
vignette|gauche|alt=Photo des deux faces d'une pièce en or représentant Isaac|Histamenon d'or frappé sous .
Nicéphore attire l'attention lors de la bataille de la passe de Zygos en 1053. Il couvre la retraite des troupes byzantines face au danger de poursuite des Petchénègues. Nicéphore ordonne alors à la cavalerie de maintenir une formation serrée pour l'empêcher d'être submergée et réduire les dommages infligés par les archers de cavalerie ennemis. En outre, il déploie des éclaireurs pour repérer les mouvements adverses et éviter toute embuscade. Si les Petchénègues semblent à plusieurs reprises sur le point de rompre la formation byzantine, ils sont chaque fois repoussés. Ce combat s'étale sur onze jours, sans que les Petchénègues n'arrivent à réduire la résistance de Nicéphore, ni à obtenir sa reddition, bien qu'ils essaient d'abattre les chevaux par leurs flèches. Le combat continue alors à pieds et Nicéphore semble refuser de fuir à cheval, contribuant à maintenir le moral de ses hommes. Finalement, il parvient à guider ceux-ci à Andrinople et les Petchénègues se retirent.  récompense Nicéphore du titre de . Il est difficile de savoir dans quelle mesure Michel Attaliatès a pu grossir les exploits de Nicéphore mais son action semble à l'évidence établir sa réputation de général.

Nicéphore apparaît ensuite dans la révolte qui porte au pouvoir  contre l'empereur  (1056-1057). Ce soulèvement a pour origine le favoritisme accordé par Michel à certaines branches de l'aristocratie, en particulier la haute administration de Constantinople contre certains militaires éminents dont Isaac. Si ce dernier tente d'abord de trouver un compromis, il se voit opposer une fin de non-recevoir insultante et réunit alors une importante armée avec d'autres généraux mécontents, dont Nicéphore. Le  a lieu la bataille de Petroe entre les loyalistes et les rebelles, qui voit la victoire de ces derniers, au cours d'un des affrontements les plus sanglants lors d'une guerre civile byzantine. Isaac peut alors rentrer dans Constantinople et il devient le premier militaire à détenir le pouvoir suprême depuis la mort de  en 1025. Nicéphore est principalement mentionné pour avoir dirigé l'un des flancs des rebelles au cours de la bataille de Petroe et il aurait remporté un duel face à Randolf le Franc, l'un des mercenaires de Michel, peut-être avec l'aide de ses soldats. Cet épisode est rapporté indirectement par Jean Skylitzès et sa véracité demeure incertaine car les chroniques de l'époque romancent parfois de supposés duels pour valoriser l'un ou l'autre des participants. En 1059, Isaac le nomme à la tête de la frontière danubienne où il reste jusqu'en 1064, bien après la déposition d'Isaac. A ce poste, il sauve notamment la vie du futur empereur  à l'occasion d'une campagne contre le royaume de Hongrie.

Sous  (1059-1067), Nicéphore est fait dux du thème de Thessalonique et doit gérer les doléances de ce territoire, en particulier un contentieux entre le monastère d'Iveron du mont Athos et le gouvernement impérial. Celui-ci a confisqué des propriétés et des parèques du monastère, ce que ce dernier conteste. Nicéphore envoie Michel Spatharokandidatos pour enquêter et finit par décider que, sur la base d'un chrysobulle de  qui a déclaré les propriétés du monastère exemptes de taxes, elles ne peuvent être confisquées par le gouvernement. En , il intervient à nouveau dans une dispute entre le monastère de la Grande Laure de l'Athos et Théodore d'Aichmalotou, un propriétaire local, à propos de la délimitation de leurs terres respectives et il tranche en faveur du monastère. Une autre affaire de cadastre intervient entre le monastère d'Iveron et l'évêque d'Ezoba. Il s'appuie alors sur les témoignages des habitants locaux pour décider en faveur du monastère. Enfin, il tranche un désaccord entre le monastère d'Iveron et le Métochion du village de Melissourgos, qui a méconnu une précédente décision rendue par l'impératrice Théodora Porphyrogénète et que Nicéphore réaffirme.

En 1064, avec Basile Apokapès, archonte ( et dux) de Paristrion, il défend les frontières des Balkans contre l'invasion des Oghouzes, mais il est battu et subit l'humiliation d'être emmené en captivité. Cependant, une épidémie décime bientôt les Turcs et les prisonniers sont récupérés, tandis que les survivants sont rapidement recrutés dans l'armée byzantine. Il est ensuite nommé sur le front oriental comme dux d'Antioche vers 1065, en remplacement de Niképhoritzès. Il hérite d'une situation compliquée, avec une armée en sous-effectif et mal équipée, mais il parvient à repousser efficacement les différents assauts de l'émirat d'Alep grâce, notamment, à sa garde personnelle aguerrie et à ses qualités de tacticien. En revanche, il semble s'aliéner l'aristocratie locale qui finit par réclamer son départ.

En 1067,  décède et sa femme, l'impératrice Eudocie Makrembolitissa, hésite un temps à se marier avec Nicéphore, qui serait alors devenu empereur, mais elle jette finalement son dévolu sur . L'empire est alors en butte à la pression grandissante des Seldjoukides sur la frontière orientale, qui menace la région d'Antioche, l'Arménie voire la Cilicie. Tant Eudocie, le patriarche  que le Sénat byzantin s'accordent pour désigner un candidat capable de contrecarrer cette menace. Si Nicéphore a pour lui son expérience militaire, y compris en Orient, il est encore marié tandis que Romain est déjà à Constantinople et n'a pas d'épouse, ce qui fait pencher la balance en sa faveur. Enfin, Mathieu d'Édesse affirme qu'Eudocie a une préférence personnelle pour Romain. Ce dernier ne tarde pas à exiler Nicéphore dans ses propriétés des Anatoliques et l'exclut de la campagne qu'il organise pour vaincre les Turcs, certainement parce qu'il doute de sa loyauté. Pour autant, peut-être pour le ménager, il le gratifie du titre de protoproèdre. Finalement, en 1071,  est vaincu et fait prisonnier à la bataille de Mantzikert. Sa légitimité atteinte par cette humiliation, un coup d'État porte au pouvoir , soutenu par le césar Jean Doukas.

L'empereur  rappelle Nicéphore de son exil alors qu'il a autour de 70 ans. Il est nommé curopalate et stratège du thème des Anatoliques. Le titre de curopalate est un honneur particulier, car il n'est décerné qu'à des membres haut placés de la cour impériale et qui ne sont pas parents de l'empereur, juste en dessous des titres de nobellissime et de césar. La raison du rappel de Nicéphore est sûrement à trouver dans sa grande expérience militaire, son absence de tout lien avec  et l'importance de plus en plus grande du théâtre oriental, en butte au danger seldjoukide et que Nicéphore a connu quelques années plus tôt. Enfin, étant lui-même originaire de la région des Anatoliques, il a une connaissance certaine de cette province. Par la suite, il est envoyé avec le césar Jean Doukas pour réprimer la sécession de Roussel de Bailleul en 1074, alors que les mercenaires normands ont constitué une principauté ad hoc en Anatolie. Nicéphore tente d'empêcher Jean de s'engager sur le pont de Zompos pour affronter les rebelles, mais le césar n'en tient pas compte et est vaincu par Roussel. Nicéphore, qui commande l'arrière-garde, reste en retrait avant de se replier et les historiens débattent de l'impact de cette décision, dès lors que ces troupes auraient pu venir en soutien de l'armée principale. Il est possible qu'il ait agi par prudence, estimant la victoire impossible face à Roussel de Bailleul, ou bien par désir de fragiliser le pouvoir des Doukas. Quoi qu'il en soit, il rassemble les survivants et se retire dans les Anatoliques et pour Anthony Kaldellis, il s'agit de la dernière expédition impériale à s'enfoncer à l'intérieur de l'Asie Mineure avant la Première Croisade.

La révolte

Face à la dégradation rapide de la situation impériale, Nicéphore envoie une lettre à  en 1078, dans laquelle il l'informe de la gravité de la situation en Asie Mineure, en butte aux raids et même à l'installation des Turcs. Michel prend mal ces récriminations et se détourne de Nicéphore, qui se rebelle à son tour alors qu'il est menacé d'emprisonnement. Il se déclare empereur le 2 juillet 1078 et mobilise des troupes locales ainsi que de nombreux mercenaires turcs, autour des Chomatenoi, un corps de troupe des Anatoliques fort de trois cents hommes. Beaucoup de grandes familles d'Asie Mineure se joignent à lui comme les Synadenoi ou les Goudélès, même si certains stratèges de la région préfèrent finalement se consacrer à la défense face aux Turcs plutôt que de viser Constantinople. Dans tous les cas, Jean-Claude Cheynet voit dans ce soulèvement une réaction de l'Anatolie en péril, face à un pouvoir central qu'elle juge trop passif. Michel réagit en envoyant une lettre à Nicéphore dans laquelle il lui rappelle combien il devrait lui être redevable d'avoir été rappelé de son exil, sans résultats. Rapidement, les soutiens s'accumulent autour de Nicéphore, dont la réputation est alors importante, d'autant que la popularité de Michel s'effondre du fait de son autoritarisme. Même des membres de l'élite byzantine se tournent vers Nicéphore qui progresse de plus en plus, en dépit de l'insécurité grandissante en Anatolie en raison de la pénétration turque. Un temps,  s'allie avec le sultan turc Suleiman ibn Kutulmuch qui est sur le point d'intercepter les rebelles mais Nicéphore noue à son tour une entente avec Suleiman.

En , c'est un autre général, Nicéphore Bryenne l'Ancien, qui déclenche un soulèvement en Europe. Néanmoins, c'est bien Nicéphore Botaniatès qui pénètre en premier à Constantinople. Le succès de Nicéphore s'explique probablement par sa réputation de général mais aussi, peut-être, par son grand âge et l'absence de fils et donc de successeur potentiel, qui lui permet de négocier plus facilement dès lors que l'opportunité de détenir le pouvoir suprême reste ouverte pour d'autres clans influents. Enfin, Constantinople comprend en 1078 un grand nombre de réfugiés d'Asie Mineure, dont des personnalités de premier plan comme le patriarche d'Antioche qui semblent avoir mené une véritable fronde contre le pouvoir de , allant jusqu'à ouvrir les portes des prisons et constituer des milices urbaines. Au début de , ils se réunissent dans la basilique Sainte-Sophie pour y proclamer Nicéphore empereur, tandis que ce dernier parvient à faire rentrer des missives dans la capitale pour convaincre les hauts fonctionnaires de se rallier à lui, avec une certaine efficacité. C'est face à cette contestation protéiforme que  abandonne le pouvoir et qu'Alexis Comnène, son jeune général, finit par prêter allégeance à Nicéphore posté de l'autre côté du Bosphore. Dès son entrée dans la capitale, Nicéphore se fait couronner empereur, contraint Michel Doukas à rentrer dans un monastère et fait castrer ses fils pour qu'ils ne représentent pas une menace à son pouvoir. Il fait aussi torturer à mort son principal ministre, Niképhoritzès, très impopulaire du fait de ses mesures fiscales. Si la révolte de Nicéphore est souvent interprétée comme une énième réaction de l'aristocratie militaire face à l'aristocratie civile constantinopolitaine, cette fois incarnée par , Jean-Claude Cheynet souligne l'impact décisif d'une partie des élites de la capitale dans la réussite du soulèvement. Anthony Kaldellis, lui, trace des similitudes entre sa prise de pouvoir et la rébellion d'Isaac Comnène en 1057, qui ne rassemble qu'une force militaire relativement réduite mais bénéficie de soutiens de poids dans la capitale.

Le règne

Un régime instable

Une fois sur le trône,  doit d'emblée faire face à la réalité du gouvernement byzantin d'alors. L'instabilité est devenue chronique dans un contexte de féroce compétition entre les différentes familles de l'Empire. Il préserve une certaine continuité en se mariant avec Marie d'Alanie, ce qui s'explique aussi grandement par le désir de l'impératrice de préserver les droits à la couronne de son fils. L'Église désapprouve ce mariage, à tel point que le patriarche  défroque le prêtre officiant. Nicéphore Bryenne le Jeune indique par ailleurs que Vevdene, la première femme de Nicéphore, aurait été encore vivante tandis que , certes détrôné, est encore en vie et donc qu'aucun divorce n'a été prononcé. Nicéphore semble avoir d'ailleurs un temps envisagé d'épouser Eudocie Makrembolitissa pour jouir des faveurs des familles de la Cappadoce mais l'ancienne impératrice reste fidèle à son vœu de ne pas reprendre d'époux et, surtout, le césar Jean Doukas le dissuade de cette option au profit de Marie d'Alanie, moins liée aux familles influentes de l'Empire. Néanmoins, les fils d'Eudocie bénéficient de faveurs importantes de la part du pouvoir impérial. Nicéphore fait aussi en sorte de se concilier les Doukas et les Comnènes. La première famille a périodiquement dominé l'Empire ces dernières années tandis que la deuxième monte en puissance depuis le bref règne d' entre 1057 et 1059. Les deux frères que sont Isaac et Alexis sont particulièrement influents, d'autant que leur mère Anne Dalassène manœuvre habilement pour favoriser des alliances matrimoniales. Enfin, il s'appuie sur quelques personnages moins illustres, dont les deux domestiques Borile et Germain qui semblent avoir eu une influence notable sur le gouvernement de Nicéphore.

Au cours de son règne de seulement trois ans, Nicéphore est en butte à plusieurs révoltes jusqu'à celle d' Comnène qui le renverse et à des luttes de pouvoir continuelles. Plusieurs groupes d'influence semblent coexister dans la capitale : un premier, autour de familles originaires de Phrygie, soutient un neveu méconnu de l'empereur, Nicéphore Synadénos, pour lui succéder ; un deuxième, peu nombreux, soutient Marie d'Alanie et les droits de son fils Constantin Doukas à la couronne ; un troisième gravite autour de la puissante famille des Doukas, désireuse de revenir rapidement à la tête de l'Empire ; un quatrième est le clan des Comnènes qui attend une occasion de grimper au sommet de la hiérarchie impériale.

La première révolte est celle de Nicéphore Bryenne, qui s'est certes soulevé contre  mais poursuit sa rébellion sous Nicéphore, alors qu'il a atteint Andrinople. Nicéphore tente par deux fois d'obtenir un compromis par l'envoi d'ambassades qui vont jusqu'à lui proposer le titre de césar. Trop vieux pour partir en campagne, il confie au général Alexis Comnène la mission de l'affronter avec succès lors de la bataille de Kalavrya et Nicéphore fait aveugler le rebelle, tout en lui assurant l'amnistie, ainsi qu'à ses partisans, qui pour partie le rejoignent. La deuxième révolte est à l'instigation de Nicéphore Basilakès, un soutien de Bryenne, qui se soulève à Dyrrachium plus tard en 1078. Il bénéficie alors du soutien des habitants et des élites de l'ouest de l'Empire, inquiets de la progression des Normands. Là encore, Alexis le vainc aisément et il est aveuglé. En 1079, c'est la garde varangienne qui tente d'assassiner Nicéphore au cours d'une inspection nocturne, probablement pour venger plusieurs des leurs qui auraient été exécutés après avoir tué le frère de Nicéphore Bryenne, Jean. Cependant, l'empereur parvient à en réchapper grâce à l'intervention de ses gardes personnels. Les leaders de cette conspiration sont envoyés dans des endroits reculés de l'Empire tandis que d'autres sont amnistiés mais une telle mutinerie, au sein du palais et de la part d'une unité d'élite, illustre la fragilité du pouvoir de Nicéphore.

Sous Nicéphore, les Pauliciens, un mouvement religieux dualiste, retrouvent une certaine vigueur. Ils ont régulièrement contesté l'autorité impériale et cette fois, c'est un certain Lekas qui se soulève en Bulgarie dès la fin du règne de , peut-être à Plovdiv, tandis qu'un Dobromir se soulève à Messembria mais tous deux, qui se sont appuyés sur les raids des Petchénègues, finissent par être soumis grâce à l'intervention d'Alexis Comnène. Ils sont plutôt bien traités par Nicéphore qui leur offre l'amnistie. Dans l'ensemble, leur mouvement ne semble pas avoir revêtu une ampleur menaçante pour l'autorité impériale et il est possible que Michel Attaleiatès surestime les accomplissements de l'empereur.

Un autre mouvement de contestation intervient quand Nicéphore rassemble une armée pour combattre les Turcs. Dès qu'elle débarque sur la rive asiatique du Bosphore, Constantin Doukas, le frère de , l'incite à se rebeller. Si le gros des troupes reste loyal à l'empereur, s'empare de l'agitateur et le fait tonsurer, l'expédition en reste là. Peu après, c'est Nicéphore Mélissène qui se révolte et se proclame empereur à Nicée. Grâce à l'appui des Turcs, il s'empare de plusieurs cités en Anatolie occidentale, tandis qu'Alexis Comnène refuse d'aller le combattre. C'est le protovestiaire Jean qui part le combattre mais il est battu. La situation de l'Empire byzantin est alors catastrophique car en plus de l'écroulement de la souveraineté byzantine en Asie mineure, la situation de sa monnaie est de plus en plus inquiétante. La dévaluation du , déjà bien entamée, se poursuit sous . Le , pièce d'or principale du système monétaire byzantin, passe de  sous  à  en 1068 et, surtout, chute à neuf carats sous  (37 % d'or, 44 % d'argent, 8 % de cuivre). Il en est de même pour la monnaie d'argent, le , qui passe d'une composition à 95 % de métal fin au début du règne de  pour s'établir à 44 % sous Nicéphore Botaniatès. C'est d'autant plus remarquable que la monnaie byzantine est jusque-là réputée pour sa grande stabilité. Cette crise financière de grande ampleur fragilise considérablement l'Empire et fait dire à Nicéphore Bryenne : .

Politique intérieure

À l'inverse de , dont le premier ministre Niképhoritzès est connu pour sa politique fiscale rigoureuse,  procède à un grand nombre de libéralités pour se concilier la population, en compensation de son manque de légitimité et de son statut d'usurpateur. Il distribue de larges quantités d'argent à l'armée pour s'assurer de son soutien, ce qui grève dangereusement le budget impérial. Il rend aux églises les ornements en or et en argent réquisitionnés par  pour financer ses luttes contre les différents rebelles, dont Nicéphore. Pour se concilier le Sénat byzantin, il l'associe dans son activité législative. Toute cette activité témoigne, selon Michael Angold, d'une générosité excessive. Il est difficile de connaître l'efficacité exacte de cette politique, étant donné le grand nombre de soulèvements contre Nicéphore, mais il est certain que celui-ci tente tout ce qu'il peut pour éviter les trahisons qui sont devenues monnaie courante dans le jeu politique byzantin. Il confère ainsi des titres importants à un grand nombre de dignitaires, alors même que la crise monétaire empêche de plus en plus le gouvernement impérial de payer la roga (rente) associée à ces titres et fonctions, qui perdent de leur valeur. Dans l'ensemble, l'action de Nicéphore vise donc surtout à préserver son pouvoir plutôt qu'à défendre un Empire menacé de toutes parts.

Nicéphore semble aussi avoir révoqué plusieurs mesures prises par , là encore pour accroître sa légitimité et sa popularité dans la capitale, qui l'a soutenu. Il restaure les droits des propriétaires de petites jetées situées autour de Constantinople et les autorise à utiliser ces sortes de ports, appelés skalai, que le gouvernement de son prédécesseur a en quelque sorte nationalisés pour accroître les revenus fiscaux. Attaleiatès rapporte que Nicéphore est fréquemment présent lors des célébrations tenues dans la capitale et en profite pour donner des cadeaux à ses sujets. Il est aussi attentif à préserver les susceptibilités des anciennes familles régnantes. Ainsi, il permet à Eudocie Makrembolitissa de sortir de son exil monastique et de vivre parmi sa famille. Enfin, l'affaire de la succession est rapidement prioritaire, dès lors que l'empereur est veuf, âgé et sans fils.

Nicéphore s'intéresse aussi aux questions judiciaires, puisqu'il préside plusieurs séances de tribunaux et prend plusieurs décisions, comme celle d'étendre à trente jours le délai entre un jugement et son exécution, pour favoriser la découverte de preuves qui disculperaient le coupable. Selon Michel Attaleiatès, cette évolution vise à réduire les exécutions sommaires et les erreurs de jugement. Il accroît aussi la protection des individus qui sont au service de l'empereur et de ses biens et qui ont souvent à craindre des confiscations voire des exils en cas de changement de souverain. En effet, un nouvel arrivant sur le trône a souvent tendance à récompenser ses soutiens par des redistributions de richesse. Du fait de la multiplication des coups d'État, cette fonction est de moins en moins séduisante et l'entourage de l'empereur se trouve parfois dépourvu de personnes de valeur. Désormais, ils jouissent des mêmes règles que les serviteurs des particuliers.

Politique étrangère

Face aux Turcs,  est impuissant alors même que sa révolte est initialement motivée par la volonté de mieux défendre l'Anatolie, devenue le lieu d'implantation du sultanat de Roum à partir de 1077. De façon significative, la cité de Chrysopolis, en face de Constantinople sur la rive asiatique du Bosphore, est mise à sac par les Turcs dès les premiers jours de son règne, attestant de la profondeur des raids des Turcs. Lui-même a eu recours à des mercenaires turcs pour prendre le pouvoir, facilitant d'autant leur installation sur les terres impériales. Sa seule tentative d'attaque a donné lieu à la révolte de Constantin Doukas et n'a eu aucun effet bénéfique. En 1078, l'Asie Mineure, cœur historique de l'Empire, est donc en proie à l'anarchie et seuls quelques seigneurs locaux parviennent tant bien que mal à préserver les populations locales des raids des Turcs. C'est le cas de Philarète Brachamios qui est devenu de facto maître d'une principauté autour d'Antioche, coupée du reste de l'Empire et qui bénéficie des services de  mercenaires normands dirigés par Raimbaud. Si Philarète entretient une relation délétère avec ,  tente de le ramener dans le giron impérial en lui offrant les titres de Domestique de l'Orient et de dux d'Antioche. En apparence, c'est une réussite et Philarète se soumet nominalement mais dans les faits, il agit toujours en prince quasi-indépendant et, à certains égards, sa principauté éphémère pose les bases du futur royaume arménien de Cilicie avec le déplacement progressif des Arméniens vers le sud. Pour autant, il faut se garder d'y voir un mouvement sécessionniste mais plus un éloignement de fait avec l'Empire. Aux côtés de Philarète, Basile Apokapès est mentionné comme dux d'Édesse, rétabli dans cette fonction par , ce qui entretient l'illusion d'une frontière orientale toujours solide, alors qu'elle est en perdition.

Ailleurs en Asie Mineure, les cités se rendent les unes après les autres et le soulèvement de Nicéphore Mélissène aggrave la situation car à chaque cité qu'il rallie à sa cause, il y laisse une garnison principalement composée de mercenaires turcs qui deviennent rapidement de nouveaux occupants et agissent pour le compte du sultanat de Roum. Ce phénomène,  a lui-même contribué à l'alimenter par son alliance avec Suleiman lors de sa propre rébellion. C'est sûrement à l'occasion de ces deux rébellions que la plupart des grandes cités d'Asie Mineure, dont Nicée ou Smyrne, tombent entre les mains des Turcs. En définitive, cet usage immodéré des mercenaires turcs témoigne de l'effondrement de l'appareil militaire byzantin dans toute la péninsule anatolienne, puisqu'elle ne semble plus compter de troupes byzantines significatives.

Dans les Balkans, l'Empire byzantin est en butte à la menace récurrente des Petchénègues qui lancent régulièrement des raids dévastateurs au sud du Danube et s'appuient sur les Pauliciens. Nicéphore envoie Alexis Comnène les repousser en 1079-1080.

Dans l'ouest, la menace est différente mais tout aussi, sinon plus, périlleuse. Face aux Turcs, Constantinople jouit de la défense naturelle du Bosphore, infranchissable pour ces envahisseurs qui n'ont pas encore de marine solide. En revanche, en Occident, les Normands qui se sont installés dans la désormais ancienne Italie byzantine maîtrisent la guerre navale. Robert Guiscard voit dans les troubles byzantins une occasion de débarquer dans la péninsule balkanique pour tenter d'assaillir et de prendre Constantinople. Il prend le prétexte de la déposition de , dont le fils Constantin est fiancé à sa fille Hélène pour préparer une expédition contre l'Empire. Il s'appuie même sur un personnage qui prétend être l'empereur Michel pour donner une dimension supplémentaire à son intervention. S'il envoie un ambassadeur dénommé Raoul auprès de Nicéphore pour obtenir réparation du tort causé à sa fille, il n'en ressort avec aucun résultat. Cette menace grandissante, qui explique la révolte de Nicéphore Basilakios, est alors la plus directe pour l'existence de l'Empire. Quand Nicéphore cède le pouvoir, les Normands sont sur le point de débarquer dans les Balkans.

La chute

La multiplication de soulèvements finit par avoir raison de . En 1081, Alexis se détourne de lui avec son frère Isaac. Devenus alliés de Marie d'Alanie qui va jusqu'à adopter Alexis, ils lui assurent vouloir préserver les droits au trône de son fils Constantin Doukas et commencent à conspirer. Surtout,  finit par désigner son neveu Nicéphore Synadénos comme successeur, ce qui lui aliène définitivement son épouse et le clan des Doukas. Les frères Comnènes sont rapidement soupçonnés par des proches de l'empereur (Borile et Germain) et Nicéphore semble avoir été sur le point de les arrêter. Les deux frères, informés par des partisans de Marie, s'enfuient de la capitale le 14 février. Juste avant, ils s'assurent de l'appui de deux généraux : Grégoire Pakourianos et Constantin Humbertopoulos. Nicéphore réagit en s'emparant de la famille des Comnènes, réfugiée dans un monastère alors que Isaac et Alexis rassemblent une armée aux portes de la capitale. C'est Alexis qui devient le candidat au trône, probablement grâce au soutien décisif des Doukas du fait de son union avec une des leurs. Le césar Jean Doukas et Georges Paléologue deviennent les partisans les plus influents des conjurés et leur permettent de disposer d'une armée importante. Dans Constantinople, Nicéphore Botaniatès a encore à sa disposition plusieurs corps de troupes, comme la garde varangienne, les Chomatenoi ou les Immortels, suffisants pour lui permettre de défendre les solides murailles de la ville. En revanche, l'armée d'Orient, ou ce qu'il en reste, continue de soutenir Nicéphore Mélissène. L'empereur envisage d'ailleurs un temps de lui céder le pouvoir mais ses messagers sont interceptés par des partisans d'Alexis. Finalement, le , des mercenaires allemands trahissent la cause de Nicéphore et ouvrent la porte aux soldats d'Alexis Comnène qui mettent à sac une partie de la ville. C'est la fin du règne pour Nicéphore. Si Nicéphore Paléologue est prêt à combattre les Comnènes, l'empereur est convaincu d'abdiquer par le patriarche Cosmas avant d'être exilé dans le monastère Sainte-Marie Péribleptos, qu'il a d'ailleurs fait rénover, où il meurt le .

Historiographie

Au-delà des sources contemporaines qui varient dans leur appréciation du règne de , les historiens modernes retiennent souvent l'idée d'un général compétent, réputé mais dépassé par l'ampleur des défis d'un Empire en plein délitement. Michael Angold en parle comme d'un , sûrement trop âgé au regard des efforts que nécessitent l'état de l'Empire. Alors même qu'il se pose en représentant de la partie asiatique de l'Empire, son alliance avec les Turcs contribue à affaiblir encore plus la présence byzantine en Anatolie. Élisabeth Malamut le décrit comme  dont , une analyse très proche de celle de Georg Ostrogorsky. Anthony Kaldellis, qui souligne que ses exploits militaires n'interviennent qu'à l'occasion de défaites, rappelle qu'aucun empereur n'a hérité d'une situation aussi désastreuse depuis les débuts de l'Empire romain. En définitive, sa chute en 1081, concomitante de l'ascension d' marque un tournant. L'Empire sort d'une longue période de guerres civiles et de crises internes qui ont ouvert la voie à des invasions sur tous les fronts et des pertes territoriales de grande ampleur. Sous la conduite de la dynastie des Comnènes, l'Empire va retrouver pour un temps son influence dans le jeu méditerranéen et moyen-oriental, sans pour autant revenir aux frontières de 1025.

Notes et références

Notes

Références

 Autres références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie

Sources primaires

 .

Sources secondaires
 John Julius Norwich:

Articles connexes
 Empire byzantin sous les Doukas

Liens externes

Empereur byzantin du XIe siècle
Monarque ayant abdiqué
Date de naissance non renseignée (XIe siècle)
Décès en 1081
Empereur de la dynastie Doukas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Most Parents Believe Some Sugary Drinks Are Healthy Choices for Kids
Hartford, Conn.—Despite public health messages about the importance of reducing consumption of sugary drinks, many parents believe that some drinks with high amounts of added sugar—especially fruit drinks, sports drinks and flavored water—are healthy options for children, according to a new study from the Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at the University of Connecticut, published in Public Health Nutrition.
"Although most parents know that soda is not good for children, many still believe that other sugary drinks are healthy options. The labeling and marketing for these products imply that they are nutritious, and these misperceptions may explain why so many parents buy them," said Jennifer Harris, PhD, a study author and Director of Marketing Initiatives at the Rudd Center.
The study found that 96 percent of parents surveyed gave sugary drinks to their child in the month prior to the survey. Those who had given sugary drinks to their child provided them in an average of three different categories. Fruit drinks and regular soda were provided most often—by 77 percent and 62 percent of parents, respectively—followed by sports drinks, sweetened iced tea and flavored water.
Among parents of children ages 2 to 5, 80 percent provided fruit drinks, such as Capri Sun or Sunny D. Forty percent provided regular soda.
Parents who reported purchasing a given category of sugary drinks were significantly more likely to rate that category as healthy, compared to parents who did not purchase any drinks from that category. Nearly half of the parents surveyed rated flavored water as healthy, and more than a quarter considered fruit drinks and sports drinks to be healthy. African-American and Hispanic parents were more likely than white parents to rate some sugary drinks as healthy.
Many parents said nutritional claims appearing on packages (such as indications that items are "real" or "natural," contained vitamin C or antioxidants, or were low in calories or sodium) are important factors in their purchasing decisions. These claims are most prevalent on packaging for sugary drinks in the categories that parents most often perceive as healthy: fruit drinks, sports drinks, and flavored waters.
Parents also were likely to rate the healthfulness of specific branded products more favorably than those products' respective categories. For example, while only 30 percent of parents considered fruit drinks healthy, 43 percent rated Sunny D and 36 percent rated Capri Sun fruit drinks as healthy. Similarly, while fewer than half of parents believed flavored water was healthy, 56 percent of parents rated Vitamin Water as healthy.
"This study shows that public health efforts and messages urging reduced consumption of sugary drinks should focus on fruit drinks, sports drinks and flavored water, as well as soda," said Marlene Schwartz, PhD, a study author and Director of the Rudd Center. "There also needs to be increased attention to ingredient claims on product packaging and other marketing tools that may mislead parents to believe that some sugary drinks are healthful options for their children."
The most recent Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend limiting added sugar to 10 percent of total calories. An expert advisory panel convened by Healthy Eating Research in 2013 advised in its Recommendations for Healthier Beverages that children ages 13 and under drink only water, low-fat and nonfat milk, and 100% juice, and that adolescents ages 14-18 drink only water, low-fat and nonfat milk, 100% juice, and other non-caffeinated, non-fortified beverages with no more than 40 calories per container.
Previous research has shown that children and teens consume more than twice the recommended amount of sugar, and that sugary drinks are the top source of added sugar in Americans' diets.
The study, called "Parents' beliefs about the healthfulness of sugary drink options: opportunities to address misperceptions," surveyed an ethnically diverse, national sample of 982 parents, each with at least one 2- to 17-year-old child, in 2011.
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) funded the study. RWJF recently committed $500 million over the next 10 years to ensure that all children in the United States can grow up at a healthy weight, no matter who they are or where they live. One of the Foundation's five strategic priorities is to eliminate the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages among children 5 years old and younger.
About the UConn Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity
The Rudd Center for Food Policy & Obesity at the University of Connecticut is a distinguished multi-disciplinary policy research center dedicated to improving the world's diet, preventing obesity and reducing weight stigma. The Rudd Center is a leader in building broad-based consensus to change diet and activity patterns by conducting research and educating policy makers and the public. For more information, visit www.uconnruddcenter.org or follow us on Twitter at www.twitter.com/uconnruddcenter or on Facebook at www.facebook.com/uconnruddcenter.
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For more than 40 years the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation has worked to improve health and health care. We are striving to build a national Culture of Health that will enable all to live longer, healthier lives now and for generations to come. For more information, visit www.rwjf.org. Follow the Foundation on Twitter at www.rwjf.org/twitter or on Facebook at www.rwjf.org/facebook.
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Ms. Tsering Lama is doing a Masters in Fine Arts at Columbia University, New York, where she's also working as a creative writing and composition Instructor at New York.
Tenzing Tekan did his undergraduate at Georgetown University, finished his MBA at Harvard University. He was a consultant at Bain and Company in 2011.


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Q: Only "Open With..." and "Send to" options when right clicking a file Encountered a strange problem on a Windows Server 2003-based file server.
Some files when right-clicked have only two options: Open with... and Send to.
Other similar files in the same directory look and work okay and have way more contextual menu items when right-clicked on.
I'm trying to robocopy these files over to another place, but receive Access Denied errors when encountering these kinds of files.
I tried to take ownership recursively from under Security tab > Advanced > Owner tab of the root folder these files are in, and it goes through without throwing any errors at me, but that doesn't solve the issue. I also tried use takeown and icals command from CMD(ran as administrator) without success.
Anyone encountered something like this?

A: I know this is an old question, but it was the first result on my google search, so just in case somebody else stumbles upon this.
Windows only displays those two options if the path is too long. So either:
1. Make the path shorter.
2. Map the folder as a network drive, then you can modify them there.

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text:
Q: How to shift plots in x axis using matplot lib I have 5 lists [er1, er2, er3, er4 and er5] (which can be converted into pandas dataframe) with lengths of 10, 9, 8, 7, 6
When I plot them by using this piece of code:
er1=[]
for i in range(0,10):
    er1.append(mse(X[0:2,i],Y[0:2,i+1]))

plt.plot(er1, color='blue')

...  (here the same piece as above for the rest of lists

plt.show()

the result is the following

However, I want to shift er2 one position on the x-axis to the right, er3 two positions and so on. However, when I've tried er2.shift (on pandas) there is no change.
Did I miss something?


Main project activities planned Next-generation sequencing and mass spectrometry metabolomic analysis on saliva. Developing of drone delivery systems: transport of saliva samples from patient to laboratory.
Expected outputs and results Establishing next-generation sequencing and mass sprectrometry analysis on saliva as informative and diagnostic tool for screening for socially significant diseases and monitoring disease status.


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Primodan is a Danish manufacturing company incorporating more than 60 years of experience within the dairy and food processing industry. Primodan is an order-producing Company making filling and sealing machines as well as complete dairy plants for markets worldwide.
Primodan produces several well-known ranges of filling and sealing machines for use in highly efficient production lines by customers throughout the world. Primodan filling and sealing machines are equipped with specialized filling systems for the filling of liquid and semi-liquid products, such as yoghurt, margarine, cream cheese, ice cream and many other products into pre-formed cups. But also dry foods such as nuts, müsli etc. are a part of Primodan´s palette of machinery.
Furthermore Primodan concentrates on the design and manufacturing of filling and capping machinery in general but especially on filling, coagulation equipment for the rapidly growing industry for UF cast cheese. We are happy to include the design, planning, installation and testing of complete plants and turnkey projects.
Through targeted efforts, the Primodan name has become synonymous with high quality and efficiency within the application of know-how and innovation. In terms of machinery and equipment, and complete solutions comprising processing lines as well as filling lines customized to meet the specific needs of individual customers, Primodan has proven its level of competence. In order to obtain constant performance on our machines, Primodan provides a highly skilled support organization specializing in the service, maintenance and repair of our machinery.
We maintain a rapid response time ready to meet our customer´s requirements as soon as possible worldwide. these might arise. More than 90% of the turnover is exported, mostly to markets in Europe and the Middle East.


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Laurier Food Justice Garden Project promotes food landscaping and food justice on campus – The Cord
The Laurier Food Justice Garden is a project that aims to transform the campus landscape from decorative planters into useful community-based landscaping.The founder, Veda Hingert-McDonald, is a founding member of Climate Justice Laurier,…
Dh205 million Expo 2020 Dubai landscaping project completed
More than 20,000 trees have been planted to create a spectacular green belt around the site of Expo 2020 Dubai as part of a mega project of Dh 205 million.Dubai City Council announced Thursday that a number of ambitious landscape projects…
Drake Field artificial turf project delayed, as turf supply shortage hits contractor
Parks and Recreation Director Nathan Powell said the company selected to install the artificial turf at Drake Field, Mid-American Sports Construction, was unable to get artificial turf this year as…
Water-friendly landscaping project recognized in La Crosse
Nominations for Soak It Up 2021 are being accepted! forgive August 17, 2021 6:17 PM Posted on August 17, 2021 6:17 PM LA CROSSE, Wisconsin (WKBT) -…
Beautification project to add lighting, landscaping in Vista > Columbia Business Report
A beautification project at Congaree Vista will add lighting, landscaping, walkways, and outdoor seating on Park Street between Gervais and Senate Streets. According to Kristen Puckett, building coordinator for the City of Columbia,…
How to Install Artificial Grass (Project Summary)
Photo: istockphoto.comArtificial turf made its big debut in the Astro Dome in 1966 - hence the term Astroturf - but it has come a long way since then. Artificial turf, which used to be considered only for professional sports fields, is…
Accountants' volunteer landscaping project | KELOLAND.com
SIOUX FALLS, SD (KELO) - A accounting firm in Sioux Falls closed their books for the day on Wednesday to enumerate good deeds. Eide Bailly employees branched out into the forest to clean up the overgrowth at the Mary Jo Wegner…
Volunteers contribute to Eppson Center landscaping project | Local News
Volunteers and companies from around the community helped the Eppson Center for Seniors complete a beautification project along North Third Street this past weekend.Over the course of about five hours, a…
Weather Not Hindering Artificial Turf Project At Rockville HS
VERNON, CT - The wild July weather hasn't hampered the project to install an artificial turf pitch and new athletics surface at the Rockville High School stadium, and work could be completed by mid-August. That was the word from RHS…
Binghamton supportive housing project gets new landscaping
BINGHAMTON (WBNG) - Lowe's Home Improvement Center and Broome County Department of Probation volunteered for the Family Enrichment Network's Housing Connections Program from 9 a.m. to 12 p.m. Tuesday.…


Abstract This report documents the activities performed during and the results obtained from the first six months (from June 22, 2005 through December 22, 2005) of the arsenic removal treatment technology demonstration project at Charette Mobile Home Park (CMHP) in Dummerston, Vermont. The objectives of the project are to evaluate (1) the effectiveness of an Aquatic Treatment Systems (ATS) arsenic removal system in removing arsenic to meet the new arsenic maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 10 microg/L, (2) the reliability of the treatment system, (3) the required system operation and maintenance (O&M) and operators skills, and (4) the capital and O&M cost of the technology. The project also characterizes water in the distribution system and residuals produced by the treatment process.
Notes Title from title screen (viewed Nov. 5, 2010). "January 2007." "EPA/600/R-07/003." "This document was funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under Task order 0029 of Contract 68-C-00-185 to Battelle"--P. ii. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39).


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Inside Trisha Paytas, Moses Hacmon's…
John Fogerty tosses down nearly $7 million in Encino
Some people have all the luck — or wisdom, or some combination thereof — when it comes to real estate. Take Oscar-winning producer Michael Sugar and his wife Lauren Wall Sugar. Less than two years ago — in March 2017 — they paid $5,550,000 for a brand-new mansion in the fashionable San Fernando Valley neighborhood of Encino.
Shane Fogerty's Encino mansion
We don't think the Sugars made any major changes to the house since their purchase, but even so they decided to plunk the property back onto the market this November (2018) with a $7 million pricetag. Yep, that's a 1.5 million buck increase for 20 months of ownership. Sounds a little coo-coo, right?
But wouldn't ya know, before the house had even cannonballed onto the MLS, a ravenous buyer swooped in and the property was "sold before processing". Records show the deal was officially done for $6,750,000. And the Sugars walked with a $1.2 million profit and two huge smiles.
The new owner's identity is carefully concealed behind a blind trust, but Yolanda did her usual sniffin' around and discovered his name is John Fogerty.
The rockin' Mr. Fogerty
73-year-old Mr. Fogerty is a famous musician who arguably reached the zenith of his career in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As the co-founder of Creedence Clearwater Revival, he and his bandmates enjoyed a string of hit albums and songs during that period, many of which have gone on to become classics and continue to generate massive royalties in 2018.
But even after the group disbanded in the '70s, Mr. Fogerty continued to see professional success through his solo efforts — he's released at least a half-dozen solo albums and remains active as a singer and songwriter. He's also also a Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductee (with CCR) and Rolling Stone included him on both their 100 Greatest Guitarists and 100 Greatest Singers all-time lists.
For the record, Yolanda hears through the grapevine that the property will not be occupied by Mr. Fogerty — rather, it was reportedly purchased for one of his sons. Given that our boy has four adult children — two of which are men — we ain't certain which son will be living here. But we rather suspect it is 27-year-old Shane Fogerty, the elder of the two and also musically inclined like his pops.
The gated 8,077-square-foot house lies on a primo south-of-Ventura Boulevard cul-de-sac. There are just three other homes on this street, none of which are owned by famous folks.
Ice-blue exterior paint differentiates this particular gurl from other spec-built Traditionals, most of which are Alpine white, pearl white, off-white, you get the picture.
The grand double-height entryway is sure to impress the pizza delivery boy. It features cream-colored hardwood floors and a very grand staircase, plus a formal living room tucked just off to the right side. To the left is a windowed office/study.
Further back on the main floor is a large kitchen — outfitted with all the latest high-end appliances, as one might expect — which opens to the family room, which in turn opens (via glass doors) to the yard.
Also on the lower level are a formal dining room and movie theater.
Included in the big casa are a total of six bedrooms — all of which are en-suite — and eight bathrooms. The master suite sports his-and-hers baths with heated floors and dual closets. As for the bedroom, it features a sitting area, fireplace, and a private covered balcony overlooking the backyard.
Some of the property's other amenities include an open-air rooftop deck, an outdoor dining space, a BBQ/bar area, and the typical swimming pool/spa combo. Mature trees ring the entire .63-acre lot.
Yolanda poked through records and was quite surprised when we discovered that this $6.75 million pad is not the only place in Encino owned by Mr. Fogerty. Back in April (2018), he quietly paid $3,900,000 for another spec-built Traditional nearby — albeit this one smaller and much less private.
It appears this house was also purchased for his son, but apparently he/they had a quick change of heart and decided to upgrade without ever moving into the first abode. So the bigger property was purchased and the smaller one (above) is back on the market with a much-increased $4,499,000 pricetag. Get it? Someone's got a very generous pops!
But the entire Fogerty family clearly enjoys living lavishly (and very large). Check out the family's main residence out near Thousand Oaks.
Mr. Fogerty's current residence, Hidden Valley
Located in a gated area of Hidden Valley and set on 22 pastoral acres, the 13,000-square-foot behemoth is home to the elder Mr. Fogerty — that would be John — and his second wife Julie. The couple scooped up the property for $8,950,000 in 2013 and have since given it a thorough renovation.
Believe it or not, but the Fogertys' relatively new Hidden Valley estate was actually a downsize for them. Before moving out to Ventura County, they slummed it up in the mountains above Beverly Hills, in an area known as Beverly Hills Post Office. And their digs were fit for royalty.
Mr. Fogerty's old BHPO house… sold for $18.6 million
The gargantuan Tuscan-style tumor weighs in with more than 16,000-square-feet of living space. It is located in a small gated community known as Bella Vista Estates, which happens to lie directly adjacent to the far more famous Beverly Park gated community. Other Bella Vista homeowners include bigshot talent agent Adam Venit, Ashton Kutcher — who is midway through construction on a sprawling new compound — and at least one Saudi prince.
Anyway, we digress. The Fogertys sold their BHPO beast back in 2014 for $18,600,000. The buyer? Low-profile billionaire Don Hankey, who made his fortune in subprime auto loans and has since branched out into residential real estate development.
Listing agent: Oren Mordkowitz, Pinnacle Estate Properties
John Fogerty's agent: Dianna Dingman, Aviara Real Estate


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https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/2019/04/how-pigeons-landed-in-cities-and-more-breakthroughs.html
PHOTOGRAPH BY ANDREW GARN
This seven- to 10-day-old baby pigeon was orphaned two days after hatching. A few weeks of nurturing left it healthy enough to be released, says Andrew Garn, author of The New York Pigeon.
MagazineThe Cities Issue
How pigeons landed in cities, and more breakthroughs
With skyscraper ledges to nest on and humans dropping food, pigeons flocked to New York City, home to more than a million of the birds.
These stories appear in the April 2019 issue of National Geographic magazine.
This tiny pigeon is a New York City native—but his ancestors were not. According to the New York Public Library, Europeans brought pigeons to U.S. shores, probably in the 1600s, to raise as food or as a hobby. Some pigeons escaped and made their way to cities, where the ledges of tall buildings were as hospitable for nesting as the cliffs of their wild homes. Unlike bird species with specialized diets, pigeons can thrive on almost anything, including humans' litter and leftovers. Small wonder that the world pigeon population is estimated at 400 million, with more than a million—and perhaps as many as seven million—of those in New York City. —Patricia Edmonds
(See why these pigeons wear elaborate sweaters.)
Photograph By BOB O'CONNOR
Inspector robot
Twenty to 30 percent of the world's urban water supply is lost to leaks each year. "In many cities, we don't even know where the pipes are," says You Wu of WatchTower Robotics. As an MIT student, Wu developed a squishy, shuttlecock-shaped robot that, when dropped into a water system, records the location of fractures. The next step? "A robot that can not only detect leaks but also repair them," says Wu. —Kristin Romey
Photograph By Kansas Streetcar Authority
Everything's up-to-date in Kansas City
The streetcar system in Kansas City, Missouri, was once one of the most robust in the country. In 2016, 59 years after it ceased service, a new incarnation got on track, with smart technology playing a key role. The sleek new streetcars have notched more than five million free rides in their first two and a half years, and an extension to the 2.2-mile starter line is already in the works.
Digital kiosks along the line display local attractions, take visitors' pictures, and measure air quality. Responsive traffic lights have reduced vehicle transit time along the route by an average of 36 seconds, which cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions by lowering the time cars idle at red lights. The city has also used data collected by sensors on streetlights to predict where potholes will form. Kansas City Chief Innovation Officer Bob Bennett says a successful smart city exists without most people noticing: "Things just work like they ought to work." —Lisa Rodriguez
(Discover our best trips of 2019—including Kansas City.)
Photograph By HUAZHANG ZHAO
New way to keep city water clean
Some sea anemones extend their tentacles to catch a meal. At other times, they retract them. Researchers looking to simplify water treatment took this ability to change shape as inspiration for a new type of nanocoagulant. When added to water, the nanocoagulant exposes its core, which interacts with unwanted chemicals such as nitrate and other aquatic contaminants. Its shell causes particles to clump together and settle to the bottom. —Douglas Main
Illustration provided by BJARKE INGELS GROUP
Copenhagen's mountain of energy
With its flat landscape, Copenhagen is an unlikely ski destination. But a novel project called Copenhill aims to pair recreation with renewable energy. Copenhill is a massive facility on the city's industrial waterfront that converts trash to electricity, providing power for 30,000 homes and heat for more than twice that number. Its sloping, 1,247-foot-long roof looks like it was made for skiing—because it is. The new structure will eventually include an urban ski park, a climbing wall, and a café with sweeping city views.
The plant is 25 percent more efficient than the previous waste-incineration facility and will capture its carbon dioxide emissions, in line with Denmark's ambitious goal to become carbon-neutral by 2050. The idea of burning garbage has its critics, who say waste-to-energy plants merely reinforce wasteful consumerism. But in 2018 Copenhill processed almost 500,000 tons of garbage. That's better than filling up landfills, which are potent sources of methane—a greenhouse gas that can ruin the prospect of anyone's powder day. —Christina Nunez
Photograph By MICHAEL SHAKE, ALAMY STOCK PHOTO
Drones for urban tasks
The number of commercial drones may quadruple in U.S. skies by 2022. In cities, the uncrewed aircraft may be used to manage urban habitat, lug freight, and inspect buildings—but data they collect could be vulnerable to hacking.
(See the surprising ways drones are saving lives.)
Photograph By EVGENY NEKTARKIN, SAMARA POLYTECH
Edible waste
Researchers at Russia's Samara State Technical University have created cups out of pureed fruits and vegetables. Shaped using a plasticizer, the all-natural dishware is durable enough to contain boiling water—and you can eat it (it tastes like the original produce). While the project was initially aimed at reducing food-packaging waste for astronauts, it would be a useful addition to city kitchens—or any place seeking to reduce landfills. —Becky Davis


We are a community of research postgraduates, academics, and staff who love Jesus, his church, his university, and his world.
We meet in weekly bible studies, reading groups, and prayer groups across the campus, as well as a variety of other events throughout the year. Whether you're follower of Jesus Christ or just interested in exploring His claims we'd love you to get involved!
Registration for our annual retreat – Postgrad Day at AnCon - is now open.
A combined group of staff and postgrads predominantly from the Schools of Chemistry and Maths.
We enjoy meeting together to read the Bible, pray for each other, and chat about work and life in an informal setting.
To sign up for a small group please leave your contact details here and mention that you are a research postgrad or member of staff in the comments field. Alternatively you can directly email one of the people listed above.
A prayer group which systematically tackles books of the bible, with interspersed relevant topicals.
A group for university staff to prayer for each other and the university.
A fortnightly group for university staff and postgrads in English.
To stay informed about our activities, contact Luke Tucker, Kellia Chiu, or Matthew Moffitt to sign up for our newsletter. You can also join our facebook group.


Mass Effect Flash Party!… I Mean Sale. Flash Sale.
EA Flash Deals is gathering Likes to unlock 50% coupon codes for both Mass Effect 1 & 2 on any platform, along with free shipping in the US. You can go here and click the "Like" option under the post, and the deal will unlock after 1,500 likes. They're getting close, though, so make sure to keep up to speed on when the deal's unlocked. These deals are limited supply and tend to go faster than overpriced designer baby clothes.


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News & Calendar News 2018 February Honoring Historic Healthcare Influencers During Black History Month
Honoring Historic Healthcare Influencers During Black History Month
Every February, we remember and recognize people of color who have pushed boundaries, broken down barriers, and influenced the building of our nation. In honor of Black History Month, here are five influential black men and women who left their mark on the healthcare industry and advanced the practice of medicine across the country.
Dr. Ulysses Grant Bourne, First in Frederick
Dr. Ulysses Grant Bourne came to Frederick in 1903 after receiving his degree from Leonard Medical College. At the time, the county was segregated and he was denied the ability to practice at Frederick City Hospital. In response, he opened his own practice in 1919, which became the first Frederick County hospital to accept patients of color.
Throughout his career, he participated in various initiatives to support racial equality such as helping to establish the local chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). His rejection to practice at Frederick City Hospital came full circle in 1961 when his own son, Ulysses Grant Bourne Jr., became the first black doctor to have privileges at Frederick Memorial Hospital.
In 2007, a permanent memorial of Dr. Bourne was installed at Frederick Memorial Hospital to honor his work as the first black physician in Frederick County.
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams, Surgeon for All
Dr. Daniel Hale Williams founded the first black-owned hospital in America in 1891. His hospital, The Provident Hospital and Training School for Nurses in Chicago, was also the first medical facility to have an interracial staff. It was here that Dr. Williams performed the first successful open heart surgery in 1893.
He went on to become surgeon-in-chief of Freedmen's Hospital and founded the National Medical Association to counter the American Medical Association, which did not allow membership for physicians of color.
Rebecca Lee Crumpler, Physician to Those in Need
Dr. Rebecca Lee Crumpler was the first black woman in the United States to earn a medical degree. She devoted her life to improving the healthcare of women, children, and people of the black community. Her book, Book of Medical Discourses, was one of the first medical publications by a person of color and served as an educational resource on health for women and children.
Using her education to promote change, at the end of the Civil War she left her home in Boston to move to Richmond to provide urgently needed medical care to communities of newly freed African Americans.
James McCune Smith, Champion for Change
Dr. James McCune Smith was the first black person to earn a medical degree and practice medicine in the United States. After being educated in Europe, he opened his medical practice in New York City, where he treated both black and white patients. He influenced change by speaking at various anti-slavery events, including at the American Anti-Slavery Society, and by writing important pieces of anti-racist literature.
Mary Eliza Mahoney, Nursing Pioneer
Mary Eliza Mahoney became the first black professional nurse in the United States in 1879. Of the 40 students who began the rigorous training program at New England Hospital, she was one of only three that received her certification. She's recognized as a pioneer for black women in the nursing field and was given lifetime membership to the National Association of Colored Graduate Nurses (NACGN). Today, the Mary Mahoney Medal is given annually for excellence in nursing.
The influence of these individuals in the healthcare field continues to span time. Their championship of the medical field at a time when black people were not seen as valuable to the profession is truly remarkable. We recognize them today as influencers of change in our communities and applaud their efforts to diversify and improve the medical industry for all people.
Categories: Hospital Services & Programs, Working at FMH, Community


In 1960, Ann Kiessling (Nurs '64) was at a crossroads. She'd just graduated from high school and knew she wanted to go into science, but wasn't quite sure how. She'd narrowed it to two possible avenues: medical school or research. She enrolled in the nursing program hoping it would help clarify her real passion.
Kiessling ended up choosing research. After obtaining subsequent degrees, including a doctorate in biochemistry and biophysics, Harvard recruited her in 1985; in 1996, she founded the Bedford Stem Cell Research Foundation.
When Mavis Claytor (Nurs '70, '85)—the first African American to earn a degree in the nursing school—arrived in Charlottesville, she stayed at a hotel for a month because she was unable to secure housing in the student dorms as a black student. When she ran out of money for her hotel room, she sought help from the dean of the Nursing School, Mary Lohr (Nurs '62), who was able to help find a room in the dorms. Still, when Claytor speaks of her education at UVA, this initial hardship appears to be a minor setback. "I was so focused on getting my education that I did not pay attention to the fact that I was the only black student," says Claytor.
She frequently returned to her hometown of Roanoke on the weekends because she missed the comforts of her home and community, but at UVA, Claytor was a driven student. Already a registered nurse, Claytor was a popular study partner because of her experience and knowledge. She was asked to join a sorority but declined.
Claytor found a mentor in Jeanne Cutler Fox (Nurs '68), an instructor in the Nursing School who encouraged Claytor to pursue a master's degree in nursing. At this time in the University's history, Claytor could see more doors opening for women. "I felt that that was a good time for females to enter any program that they wanted to." Claytor recently retired as the chief of geriatric nursing at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Salem, Va., after a career of 30 years.
In 1901, the UVA hospital created a nurses' training program, which granted diplomas to thousands of women over the next 50 years, but was not recognized as part of the academic offerings of the University until 1949. Nursing students initially lived in rooms in the attic of the hospital building. Patient overcrowding in the hospital and a measles outbreak resulted in the adaptation of Varsity Hall in 1914 from its initial use as an infirmary to accommodations for nursing students. Nursing students went on to live in Randall Hall, starting in 1919, and McKim Hall, which was built in 1931. The School of Nursing became an independent school of the University in 1956, with Margaret Gould Tyson the school's first dean. Men were admitted in 1962; the first male student, Thomas Watters (Nurs '66), had been a U.S. Navy corpsman.
Mr. Jefferson's Nurses by Barbara Brodie details the school's ban on marriage for nursing students. Even into the mid-'50s, faculty would vote on whether to allow a nursing student to marry without leaving the program.


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Loren Wilbur Acton est un astronaute et physicien américain né le  à Lewistown, au Montana.

Biographie

Loren Acton a obtenu un baccalauréat universitaire ès sciences à la Montana State University en 1959, et un doctorat de philosophie de la physique solaire de l'Université du Colorado à Boulder en 1965.

Acton était le scientifique principal au sein du personnel du Space Sciences Laboratory, Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, en Californie. En tant que chercheur, ses fonctions principales ont été notamment de mener des études scientifiques sur le Soleil et autres objets célestes à l'aide d'instruments optiques et de servir en tant que co-chercheur dans l'une des 2 expériences Spacelab, le Solar Optical Universal Polarimeter. Il a été sélectionné comme l'un des quatre spécialistes de charge utile de Spacelab 2 le , et après sept années de formation, il a volé sur la mission STS-51-F/Spacelab-2. À la fin de la mission, Acton avait parcouru plus de 2,8 millions de miles et 126 orbites terrestres, il avait passé plus de 190 heures dans l'espace.

Il est marié et père de deux enfants. En 2006, il a concouru dans les élections pour être le représentant du  District de l'État du Montana, en tant que candidat démocrate. Il a perdu contre le républicain sortant, Jack M. Wells, de Belgrade (Montana).

Acton est actuellement enseignant-chercheur de physique au sein du Groupe de Physique Solaire à la Montana State University, où il supervise le groupe de physique solaire, qui porte sur un programme de recherche qui soutient activement la NASA. Le groupe participe entre autres au fonctionnement et à l'utilisation scientifique du satellite anglo-américano-japonais Yohkoh, mission d'études physiques de la haute énergie solaire. Ce satellite transporte un télescope à rayons X, préparé sous la direction d'Acton, pour l'étude des émissions solaires à haute énergie, tels que les éruptions solaires. Les émissions primaires de la haute atmosphère extrêmement chaude du Soleil et la couronne solaire, sont mesurées et observées en Rayons X, avec une haute résolution et avec une durée d'exposition prolongée, un effort pour savoir pourquoi le Soleil a une couronne si active et pourquoi elle varie en intensité aussi fortement en réponse au cycle de 11 ans des taches solaires.

Vols réalisés
Il réalise un unique vol en tant que spécialiste de charge utile pour le Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory, le , à bord du vol Challenger STS-51-F.

Références

Liens externes

Naissance dans le comté de Fergus
Naissance en mars 1936
Astronaute américain du programme STS
Membre de l'Association des explorateurs de l'espace
Étudiant de l'université du Colorado
Étudiant de l'université d'État du Montana


text:
Q: Passport and SailsJS, how to get isAuthenticated() test to pass My code keeps failing here when the user tries to login:
isAuthenticated: function (req, res) {
    if (req.isAuthenticated()) { return res.json(req.user); }
    else { return res.send(401); }
},

It FAILS and I get GET http://localhost:1337/user/authenticated 401 (Unauthorized) in the console, even though the user has entered in a correct email and password.
Where in the code makes that test pass?
I have the related StackOverflow question with more info HERE.

A: The problem was that my frontend application has a different origin than  my backend application, so the AJAX requests will not include the session cookie and req.isAuthenticated() will never return true.
Use the withCredentials options to force it.
$http({ withCredentials: true, ... })


text:
Tag: missing students
BriefingsayotzinapaCaliforniakurdsMexicoMiddle Eastmidtermsmissing studentsprimaries
Background Briefing: June 6, 2018
On June 6, 2018 July 20, 2018 By gram
The Democrats Squeak by with a Low Turn-Out in California
We begin with the results of primary elections in eight states yesterday with close attention being paid to New Jersey and California for signs of a Blue Wave that could sweep away Republican control of the House in November. Ed Kilgore, the Managing Editor of The Democratic Strategist and a political columnist for New York Magazine where his latest article is "California Democrats Did Well, But Not Perfectly, in Primary", joins us to discuss the light turnout by Democrats who narrowly avoided being shut out of key House races and, in spite of Trump's unpopularity in the Golden State, there was a strong showing of Republicans. With a considerable number of mail-in ballots yet to be counted, we will analyze whether in a number of close races where a Democratic candidate in a crowded field of other Democratic hopefuls, managed to slip into second place behind a Republican incumbent, the chances of a Blue Wave upset in November could be diminished. And since the margins between Democratic challengers in second and third place are so close with 2.7 million mail-in ballots now being counted, we assess who might end up being the most viable Democratic candidates in the general since some were chosen by the DCCC and others by the California Democratic Party.
A Mexican Court Demands a REAL Investigation into the 43 Missing Students
Then with Mexico's opposition candidate Lopez Obrador polling over 50% way ahead of other candidates including the PRI Party of outgoing President Pena Nieto, we go to Mexico City to examine the latest twist in the tortured sage of the 43 missing students which had gripped Mexico and led to Pena Nieto's downfall. John Gibler, the author of "I Couldn't Even Imagine That They Would Kill Us: A Oral History of the Attacks Against the Students of Ayotzinapa" joins us to discuss how a Mexican federal court has ordered the government to investigate the 2014 disappearances again, this time under the supervision of a truth commission led by Mexico's National Commission for Human Rights along with parents of the victims. This time the court insists that for the first time the role of the Federal Police and the Army in the massacre and disappearances has to be investigated.
Trump Sells out the Kurds and US National Security
Then finally we speak with David Phillips, a former senior advisor and foreign policy expert to the State Department under Presidents, Clinton, Bush and Obama. He joins us to look into a major strategic blunder underway with Secretary of State Pompeo making a deal with Turkey to sell out the Kurds over the objections of Secretary of Defense Mattis. We try to make sense of why Trump is letting ISIS off the hook just as it is about to be finished off and rewarding Turkey, Russia and Iran against the national security interests of the United States.


The Ladies Garment Washed Long Parka from URBAN CLASSICS is the ideal everyday companion in winter. It is warm padded and has slimming dividing seams. The cool and female style is completed with patched pockets and a hood with reverse finishing.


Ok, so I don't celebrate Christmas. It's just another "Video Games and Good Mead" day for me. Like Valentine's Day. However, this doesn't mean that I can't create a wish list. If anyone of you feel like ever purchasing me a gift for whatever reason, this is a good place to start looking.
Geek Chic Cosmetics is one of my favourite brands.
Why? Because they create lotions and call them Buffalo Bill's Skin Conditioning Lotion and Moisturise Me. The Buffalo Bill one apparently smells of chocolate and espresso. I want it.
I also want their Traces of Thedas set of solid scents. I don't usually use perfume, but solid scents is something I haven't tried for a while. They describe one of the products with the words "A good scent to wear while fist-fighting a grizzly bear.". I may not be planning to fight a grizzly anytime soon, but this sounds promising.
ThinkGeek is the geek haven of the internet. I've spent more than a fair amount of money on their items. Their planetary glass set would make my kitchen a lot happier, and me. They also have a chemist's spice rack that I adore. See I prefer to combine functionality with geekdom as opposed to having things like figurines. It's the best of both worlds really. Not sure if I can convince people that this Potion Desk Lamp is very practical though. I'll take pretty much any of their coffee mugs though. I've already bought a handful, but there's no such thing as too many mugs. They also do great yoga pants. Just so you know.
More nerdy things I want: this Dragon Age hoodie, this Dragon Age dress, this Battle Nug Plushie (I swear I'm an adult), these Monty Python Killer Rabbit Slippers (still an adult), this Skyrim Journal, this FFXII pendant, and this Pokemon Coffee Mug.


FAQ : Connectivity (Tunnels and Subnets) : Which PoP should I choose?
Which PoP should I choose?
If you have the ability to get native IPv6 or a tunnel from a nearby uplink you should always prefer that one above any other. One should select the PoP that is closest in the IPv4 world, latency wise.
Public PoPs are available based on the origin of the user and the country where the tunnel endpoint is located.
When you explicitly want to request a tunnel to a PoP not listed in the selection box then mention so in the reasons box in the request form. Do not change your tunnel endpoint country to force the selection to become available.
Do note that SixXS only uses your selection as an indication and based on several criteria might select a different more suited PoP for you. The better description of a reason is given, the better the choice can be made.
When you are logged in a list of tunnel providers will be shown here to which you can request a tunnel.


text:
Susan Michaela Sullivan (born November 18, 1942) is an American actress. Sullivan is best known for her roles as Lenore Curtin Delaney on the NBC daytime soap opera Another World (1971–76), as Lois Adams on the ABC sitcom It's a Living (1980–81), as Maggie Gioberti Channing on the CBS primetime soap opera Falcon Crest (1981–90), as Kitty Montgomery on the ABC sitcom Dharma & Greg (1997–2002), and as Martha Rodgers on Castle (2009–2016). She earned an Emmy nomination for Lead Actress for the role of Julie Farr in the 1978 series Julie Farr, M.D. and a Golden Globe nomination for Supporting Actress for her role in Dharma & Greg.

Life and career
Sullivan was born in New York City, the daughter of Helen (née Rockett) and Brendan Sullivan, an advertising executive. She was raised on Long Island in Freeport, Nassau County, where she graduated from Freeport High School in 1960. She earned a BA in drama from Hofstra University in 1964.

She got her start in acting in the 1960s playing opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Broadway play Jimmy Shine. She landed a contract with Universal Studios in 1969, guest-starring on several series. It was during this time that she played roles in daytime dramas.

Starting with a role on A World Apart in 1970, she moved to a five-year stint as Lenore Moore Curtin Delaney on the daytime soap opera Another World. Taking over from Judith Barcroft, Sullivan played the role from 1971 to 1976. She played Charlton Heston's girlfriend Ann, a new character written into the television version of the film Midway (1976). She then played Dr. Elaina Marks opposite Bill Bixby in the Incredible Hulk pilot in 1977, and portrayed Poker Alice opposite James Garner as Bret Maverick on The New Maverick the following year. Sullivan also appeared in Barnaby Jones; episode titled "Final Judgement"(01/26/1978).

She played the role of Maggie Porter in the television drama Rich Man, Poor Man Book II. She played Dr. Julie Farr in Having Babies from 1978 to 1979, and was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series, which was made into two television films and later a short-lived weekly series in 1978. During a week in December 1976, she was a panelist on Match Game, both on CBS and in syndication. In 1980, she appeared on the sitcom It's a Living, playing head waitress Lois Adams.

In 1981, Sullivan won the role of Maggie Gioberti in the CBS primetime soap drama Falcon Crest, replacing Samantha Eggar, who had appeared in the pilot. The series became a hit and Maggie became Sullivan's most prominent role to date. She appeared on the series from 1981 to 1989, during which time she was nominated for three Soap Opera Digest awards. At the time Sullivan decided to leave the series in 1989, she had appeared in every episode of the series up to that date (207 of the 227 episodes produced). Sullivan appeared in the first episode of season nine, when her character drowned.

Following Falcon Crest, Sullivan appeared on The George Carlin Show, co-starred on the short-lived political drama The Monroes in the mid-1990s, and played a supporting role in the film My Best Friend's Wedding (as the mother of Cameron Diaz's character) (1997). On Dharma & Greg, she played the snooty country-club matriarch Kitty Montgomery from 1997 to 2002. The series reunited Sullivan with actor Mitchell Ryan (who played her husband Edward), with whom she had worked on Having Babies. She appeared in four episodes in season three of Hope and Faith as Nancy Lombard, Faith's therapist. Sullivan voiced Queen Hippolyta on the animated series Justice League Unlimited. She has also appeared on the television series Brothers & Sisters, Joan of Arcadia, Two and a Half Men, Dead Like Me, The Kominsky Method, and Last Man Standing.

From 2009 to 2016, she co-starred alongside Nathan Fillion, Stana Katic and Molly Quinn on Castle. Her character Martha Rodgers' acting career has somewhat paralleled her own, including references to appearances on soap operas. A clip of Sullivan's appearance in the pilot for The Incredible Hulk has been shown onscreen, purported to be Rodgers' appearance on the series. (Castle Season 2 Episode 16: "Tick, Tick, Tick.")

In the 1980s, a fellow actor on Falcon Crest introduced Sullivan to psychologist Connell Cowan; the couple has been together ever since.

Filmography

References

External links

1942 births
Living people
American soap opera actresses
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
Actresses from New York City
People from Freeport, New York
Hofstra University alumni
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses


references are prohibited on recorded greetings and private messages. Hotline is joined by other new apps trying to improve the state of online dating. It means you don't treat your matches well. Related: No more swiping: Hinge dumps feature.
See also edit, references edit. Cnnmoney (New York) First published February 13, 2017: 7:46. It's an oddly personal experience to submit yourself to in an age when we've become accustomed to paging through potential soulmates in the same we browse around Seamless looking for dinner. As soon as a greeting is played, the caller is prompted to press 1 to connect live with that person, 2 to send her a recorded message or 3 to skip this person and listen to the next person's greeting. A subscription will run you 9 a month, and right now it's only for iOS in New York, but the hope is that they'll expand sexdate mit plz adresse nationwide soon. On Hotline, Members can only select up to three matches at a time, unlike Tinder and Bumble where users can swipe endlessly. The phone systems will usually allow users hear a chatline greeting example so the caller can get an idea of what he is expected to say. And now for the super scary part: the phone call. Some of the most popular chatlines include QuestChat, Livelinks and Fonochat. Chat lines are like, cB radio in which a number of people both listen and speak together.
I was always good in statistics. This makes things so much easier. But do you also know that you should stay the way you are..
Aussehen: Du solltest wenig Fettansatz, eine schmale Taille und einen flachen Mädchenbusen haben. Ein Sexdate verabrede ich aus Prinzip nur online und ich bestimme selbst, wo..


Mario and friends return to race for a chance to win the Grand Prix. There are 16 new tracks in four Cups, plus 16 classic tracks. You can now view the race in first-person mode and drive underwater.
There are 17 characters to choose from, and you can now customise your kart. You can choose a frame based on the character's weight, as well as the tires, plus the new hang-glider that allows your kart to float after making a jump.
You can play online multiplayer races and battles through the Nintendo Network. You can also download player ghosts through Spotpass.
The music for the stage is the main theme from Wii Sports.
The Special Cup circuit, DK Jungle, is based on Donkey Kong Country Returns. Tikis, Screaming Pillars, DK's Treehouse and the Golden Temple all appear. This track was designed by Retro Studios, developers of Donkey Kong Country Returns.


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Many of you probably won't know what The Beano is.. some of you will.. and I believe that is why you are here! In our house we are GREAT Beano Fans! As my son turned 11 (can you believe he is 11 already? I started this blog when he was 2!! Crikey).. we thought a Beano Cake woul dbe in order.. not just any Beano Cake.. if it is a cake from me .. it has to be a layer PINATA Beano Cake (of course!!). Teehee. Anyway. I will share what I did – as per usual, I don't step by step instructions, as I was too absorbed in making the cake, but hopefully it will still provide you with enough inspiration for your own!!!
I will also run through the bits and pieces that turned our Birthday Party.. not just into a party.. but a Beano Party (btw, did you know that "a Beano" is in fact "a party".. oh yes it is!). Also check out our Beano Pop Up Birthday card!
Now some of you probably thought we would make our favourite Comic Strip Party Bags made from the Beano… Oh no!!! That is sacrilege. I am not allowed NEAR the Beano with my scissors and tape! So there were only the usual stripe paper bag sweety bags that we have.. AND the gift?
I ordered a Beano Annual for each child from the year they were born in!!!
So we had a 3 Beano Annuals 2007, 5 Beano Annuals 2008, 2 Beano Annuals 2009 and 1 Beano Annual 2010 (affiliate links added for convenience)! I hope to convert some kids to the Beano!!! Mwahahahaha.
I decorated the room with red and black balloons.
Many moons ago, I made this Gnasher Ball Toss Party Game!! You can find it over on Party Delights!
And finally the Beano Pop Up Card I made for him!


text:
La sigla BMW B37 (per esteso B37D15) identifica un motore diesel sovralimentato prodotto a partire dal 2014 dalla casa automobilistica tedesca BMW.

Caratteristiche
Si tratta di un motore a 3 cilindri da 1.5 litri, imparentato con la nuova famiglia di motori modulari di casa BMW, composta dal tricilindrico B38, ma anche dai quadricilindrici B48 e B47.

Tutte queste nuove motorizzazioni sono accomunate dal fatto di possedere un gran numero di componenti in comune, in modo da abbattere i costi di produzione. Ad esempio, il motore B37 condivide con gli altri motori della famiglia ben il 40% dei componenti, un aspetto visibile osservando ad esempio che tutti i motori della famiglia, B37 compreso, sono caratterizzati dal fatto di possedere la stessa cilindrata unitaria, pari a 498,8 cm³.Queste sono le caratteristiche del motore B37:

 architettura a 3 cilindri in linea;
 basamento in lega di alluminio;
 alesaggio e corsa: 84x90 mm;
 cilindrata: 1496 cm³;
 distribuzione a doppio asse a camme in testa;
 testata a 4 valvole per cilindro;
 alimentazione ad iniezione diretta common rail;
 sovralimentazione mediante turbocompressore mono-scroll a geometria variabile;
 rapporto di compressione: 16.5:1;
 albero a gomiti su 4 supporti di banco;

Il motore B37 è stato proposto fin dal suo debutto in due varianti di potenza, le cui caratteristiche ed applicazioni sono così riassumibili:

Voci correlate
 BMW
 Motori BMW

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

B37