text:
Q: Add a working clear button to my JS How would I add a working "Clear button" to the button that is labeled New game. I want to put it in my JS. I want to be able to clear the entire game board when I click New game button.. Thanks for any help!
HTML

  <title>Tic Tac Toe</title>
  <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="style.css">

  <link href='http://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Emilys+Candy' rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'>

Player 1

Player 2

      <button>New Game</button>
      <button>End Game</button>

JAVA SCRIPT
var playerTurn = (0);
var moved = [[]]
function init() {
  var cells = document.getElementsByClassName("cell");
  for (var i in cells) {
    cells[i].onclick = takeTurn;
  }
}

function takeTurn() {
  if (this.innerHTML == " " ) {
    if (playerTurn%2 == 0) {
      this.innerHTML = "";
    } else {
      this.innerHTML = "";
    }
    playerTurn++;
  }
}

CSS
body {
  background-image: url("http://precisioncrossfit.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/candyland.jpg");
  background-size: 1280 709;
/*  border-image: url(http://s23.postimg.org/du3h5c82z/Screen_Shot_2014_01_14_at_12_37_36_PM.png) 27 27 27 27 round round;
  border-width: 20px;*/
}
.gameboard {
    width: 340px
    height: 340px;
    float: left;
    z-index: 1;
    margin-top: 230px;
    margin-left: 400px;
}
.wrapper {
    width: 340px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    height: 340px;
}
.cell {
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px
    float: left;
    font-size: 12px
}
.row1 {
    clear: both
    width: 330px;
    height: 102px;

}
#cell1,#cell2,#cell4,#cell5 {
    border-bottom: 8px solid black;
    border-right: 8px solid black;
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    font-size: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 15px;
}
#cell3,#cell6 {
    border-bottom: 8px solid black;
    margin: 0 auto;
    font-size: 10px solid black;
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    font-size: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 15px;
}
#cell7 {
    border-right: 8px solid black;
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    font-size: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 15px;
}
#cell8 {
    /**/
    float: left;
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    border-right: 8px solid;
    font-size: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 15px;
}
#cell9 {
    margin: 0 auto;
    /*float: left;*/
    width: 100px;
    height: 100px;
    margin-left: 220px;
    margin-right: 0px;
    font-size: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    border-radius: 15px;
}
.scoreboard {
    height: 50px;
    width: 400px;
    z-index: 1;
    float: left;
    position: absolute;
    border-bottom: 10px solid red;
    margin-top: 350px;
    margin-left: 200px;
}
#s1 {
    border-right: 10px solid white;
    height: 250px;
    width: 150px;
    position: absolute;
    margin-top: auto;
    font-size: 40px;
    font-family: 'Emilys Candy';
    margin-left: 40px;
}

#s2 {
    height: 250px;
    width: 150px;
    position: absolute;
    margin-left: 230;
    margin-top: auto;
    font-size: 40px;
    font-family: 'Emilys Candy';
}
.button {
     background-color:white;
     width: 160px;
     margin:0 auto;
     margin-left: 200px;
}

button {
    float: left;

A: The simplest way would be to reset the cell contents like so:
function clear_board() {

    var cells = document.getElementsByClassName("cell");
    for (var i in cells) {
        cells[i].innerHTML = "&nbsp";
    }
}

Very similar to the init function, except that you just reset the contents instead of setting up an event handler.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ever since I was a child I have been a hopeless romantic. It wasn't that I wanted a fairy tale romance, I just love love. When someone is in love, their whole being changes – whether for better or worse. This could be a twinkle in their eye, a restless longing for their partner, or a smile whenever they think about that special someone. With Valentine's day around the corner, here are some of my favourite love stories.
For those who have never heard of this couple, Shah Jahan was the fifth Mughal Emperor of India and Mumtaz Mahal was not only his second wife but his empress. The couple became engaged in 1607: Shah Jahan was 15 years old, whilst Mumtaz Mahal was 14 years old. However, due to their young age they were not married for five years (thank goodness!). Mumtaz Mahal was known for many things, such as her virtue and beauty, however what Shah Jahan respected most about her was her mind. He even gave her the imperial seal as an expression of this trust. The two were lovingly married for 19 years but sadly Mumtaz Mahal died during the birth of her fourteenth child. Yes, her fourteenth. Shah Jahan felt such grief at the loss of his favoured wife that he spent the next 20 years building a mausoleum in her honour: The Taj Mahal. Even after her death, Shah Jahan felt such love and devotion to his wife. His love was truly remarkable.
The adorable fictional couple from Brooklyn Nine-Nine will have you completely smitten as you watch their romance bud into marriage. The two met whilst working as detectives at Brooklyn's nighty ninth precinct and from the very first episode their chemistry is incredible: the flirtation and unwavering friendship is fun to watch. After winning a bet Jake takes Amy on the 'worst date of her life', during this date the partners deepen their relationship and it is later revealed that this is the moment Jake fell in love with her. My favourite aspect of this romance is the couples relatability: they argue over ridiculous things and are not afraid to admit they spent the night cozied in bed watching The Property Brothers.
Speaking of good chemistry, this couple had not only a passion for one another but for the sciences too! Marie and Pierre met at Sorbonne University in Paris in 1891 and were married within four years. After Maries' graduation, the Curie's investigated radioactivity discovering elements such as polonium and radium. Interestingly, Marie originally declined Pierre's engagement as she planned to return to Poland to progress her studies. But after being refused entry to Krakow University she agreed to both marry and work with him proving that not all work relationships end badly.
Everyone who has heard of this A-list couple can agree that their romance is the sweetest in Hollywood. From the get go, when the couple met through a mutual friend, sparks were flying. Krasinski describes it as love at first sight, detailing their encounter on The Ellen DeGeneres Show. Apparently, he was so nervous he suddenly mumbled 'I like you' as he shook her hand *awh*. During Jimmy Kimmel's Late-Night Talk Show,he further elaborates on the first time he showed Blunt the manuscript for 'A Quiet Place': 'I was reaching for a barf bag thinking she was gonna throw up, and instead she said, "You can't let anyone do this movie." It was like a romantic comedy, where she was like proposing to me. She was like, "You have to let me play this part." And I think I just screamed, 'Yes' on this flight'. It is pretty evident that the pair share a deep connection and admiration for one another – just look at how they lovingly gaze at one another!
As love stories go, the one-sided love story between Éponine and Marius in Les Misérables is my favourite. Éponine falls hopelessly in love with her neighbour Marius and is willing to do anything that makes him happy – even if it's at her own expense. She aids his budding romance with Cosette, betrays her criminal family and even dies for him! I find her selflessness touching: she just wants to watch the person she cares about be happy. In my opinion, her love for Marius is the purest form of affection. Lesson learned here – it's okay to fall in love with someone in a relationship so long as you do not disrupt or impose upon it.
These are just a handful of love stories that remind me of the capabilities of romance. People can create the most wonderful things in the name of love whether it be architectural or scientific. Whilst I commend these individuals for the accomplishments brought on by their intimacies I would also like to extend the importance of self-love. These couples were not successful because they relied on their partner; their success came from their own capabilities.


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text:
using System;
using Microsoft.Xna.Framework;

using Haumea.Rendering;

namespace Haumea.Geometric
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Axis Aligned Boundary Box.
    /// Borders are considered inside of the box.
    /// </summary>
    public class AABB : IHitable
    {
        public Vector2 TopLeft     { get; }
        public Vector2 BottomRight { get; }

        // These three props only have to be calculated once,
        // but I believe the increased object size will have a greater performance impact.

        public Vector2 Center {
            get
            {
                return new Vector2(TopLeft.X + Dim.X / 2, TopLeft.Y + Dim.Y / 2);
            }
        }

        public float Area {
            get
            {
                return Dim.X * Dim.Y;
            }
        }

        public Vector2 Dim {
            get
            {
                return BottomRight - TopLeft;
            }
        }

        public AABB(Vector2 v0, float width, float height) :
                this(v0, v0 + new Vector2(width, height)) {}

        /// <param name="v1">A corner point of the box</param>
        /// <param name="v2">The mirrored corner point of v1</param>
        public AABB(Vector2 v1, Vector2 v2)
        {
            TopLeft     = Vector2.Min(v1, v2);
            BottomRight = Vector2.Max(v1, v2);
        }

        public bool IsPointInside(Vector2 point)
        {
            return TopLeft.X <= point.X && point.X <= BottomRight.X
                && TopLeft.Y <= point.Y && point.Y <= BottomRight.Y;
        }

        // Scales the AABB while keeping the center of gravity.
        public AABB Scale(float scale)
        {
            Vector2 dimd = - Dim + new Vector2(
                (float)(Dim.X * Math.Sqrt(scale)),
                (float)(Dim.Y * Math.Sqrt(scale)));
            return new AABB(TopLeft - dimd / 2, BottomRight + dimd / 2);
        }

        public bool Intersects(AABB aabb)
        {
            if (aabb.Area > Area) return aabb.Intersects(this);

            return
                   IsPointInside(aabb.TopLeft)
                || IsPointInside(aabb.BottomRight)
                || IsPointInside(new Vector2(aabb.TopLeft.X, aabb.BottomRight.Y))
                || IsPointInside(new Vector2(aabb.TopLeft.Y, aabb.BottomRight.X));
        }

        public AABB Move(Vector2 vd)
        {
            return new AABB(TopLeft + vd, BottomRight + vd);
        }

        public override string ToString()
        {
            return "Top left: " + TopLeft + " Bottom right: " + BottomRight;
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
We provide care, training and carry out research because you are our centre
Home | Specialities | Dialysis
The Dialysis Unit at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital is a reference centre for four haemodialysis centres managed by DIAVERUM, with an approximate total of 380 patients in haemodialysis.
This Unit is located on the sixth floor of the General Hospital, and currently has eleven haemodialysis stations, with five points in the Positive Unit and six points in the Negative Unit, to offer dialysis for patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) on haemodialysis (HD) with an ultrapure water plant with double reverse osmosis.
Plans are in place for a redesign of the floor where the Dialysis Unit is located, with 14 haemodialysis stations with beds for chronic patients (approx. 40 patients). This will mean we can admit more patients while offering 2 haemodialysis points for patients with hepatitis B virus.
Haemodialysis of patients with chronic kidney disease.
High-flow haemodialysis.
Haemofiltration with endogenous reinfusion.
On-line haemodiafiltration.
Treatment for acute kidney failure in the patients mentioned above.
Intermittent haemodialysis.
Continuous veno-venous haemodiafiltration techniques
Treatment of acute renal failure from the various Critical Units; ICU (General Hospital), ICU (Hospital of Traumatology) Resuscitation, Serious Burns, Postoperative Cardiac Surgery Unit and Coronary Unit.
Peritoneal dialysis. Teledialysis, which allows the monitoring of patients or dysfunctions without requiring their physical presence.
Plasmapheresis in patients with immunological diseases and rejection using antibodies.
Leukocytapheresis and patients with chronic inflammatory bowel disease, where indicated (agreed with the Digestive System Department).
Continuous ultrafiltration of patients with congestive heart failure resistant to treatment with conventional medication (agreed with the Cardiology Department).
Periodic monitoring of the vascular access using Doppler ultrasound techniques and other non-invasive flow measurement techniques.
Joint outpatient consultation for Nephrology and Vascular Surgery to assess new vascular accesses or dysfunctional vascular accesses.
Collaboration with Interventional Angioradiology for rapid diagnosis and treatment of acute vascular access dysfunction.
Relationships with peripheral haemodialysis centres, of which the Dialysis Unit at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital is a centre of reference.
Patients are visited once a year by doctors from the Unit.
Twice-yearly meetings with the medical offices of the dialysis centres, of which we are a reference centre.
Joint dialysis quality protocols covering: anaemia, osseo-mineral metabolism, dialysis dosage, nutrition, vascular accesses according to the SEN guidelines and Strategic Plan for the Management of Nephrological Patient Care.
Updates and optimisation of the list of patients on the waiting list for transplant.
Other stories from the Campus
"This Hospital gave me everything"
Embedded video for "This Hospital gave me everything"
Rosalia Moure arrived at Vall d'Hebron University Hospital in 1967. She spent her entire working life in the linen and laundry department of the Hospital. Rosalia Moure has witnessed the Hospital's big transformations, from dictatorship to democracy and from analogue to digital systems.
Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Department: the cornerstone of paediatric oncology in Spain.
Embedded video for Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Department: the cornerstone of paediatric oncology in Spain.
Dr. Josep Sánchez de Toledo Codina, head of the Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Department, tells us about a Department that has laid the foundations for the specialism in Spain. He also remembers the evolution of transplants from haematopoietic stem cells and progenitors, from the beginning, buying the material at a shop in Barcelona city centre, to the more than 1,200 transplants that have now been performed.
Students of the Master's in Biomedical and Translational Research
Embedded video for Students of the Master's in Biomedical and Translational Research
The Master's Degree in Biomedical and Translational Research is an official programme created to train researchers with the requisite combination of scientific knowledge and skills to contribute to the future success of biomedical research.
Patient-centred
Embedded video for Patient-centred
Its multidisciplinary nature is one of the main aspects of the Vall d'Hebron University Hospital Cardiology Department. Its work focuses on fostering coordination between the different professionals involved to achieve care that improves patient quality of life.
The importance of porters
Embedded video for The importance of porters
Fermín Fernández Álvarez, Porter Coordinator, explains the importance of the role these professionals play in the hospital. After 36 years at Vall d'Hebron, Fermín is a real master of the ways things are done. He says that a porter has to combine humility, discretion and safety with a single goal: that patients receive human and friendly treatment.
Andrés Hinarejos Montano: "We all need each other in this life"
Embedded video for Andrés Hinarejos Montano: "We all need each other in this life"
Andrés Hinarejos, a patient at the hospital for decades, explains how he overcame the serious accident that brought him to Vall d'Hebron, where he found a second family to help in his recovery.
Take away your fear
Embedded video for Take away your fear
"The first thing they did was take away my fear". Journalist Joana Morillas, tells us about her experience as a patient in the Breast Pathology Unit, in the Vall d'Hebron Breast Centre. A very difficult experience, but one during which Joana says she laughed a lot.
Joined at the abdomen
Embedded video for Joined at the abdomen
Núria and Marta now follow Messi, but when they were born their lives were very different. They were born joined at the abdomen. Their mother, Meritxell Feliu, explains the experience the family lived through, from diagnosis to surgery.
A hospital of talent
Embedded video for A hospital of talent
The constant search for excellence is part of Hospital Vall d'Hebron's nature. The biggest hospital in Catalonia and the leader in many fields, headed since February 2015 by Dr. Vicenç Martínez Ibáñez, who has a close personal and professional relationship with the Hospital. Dr. Martínez Ibáñez says that if Vall d'Hebron did not exist, it would need to be invented. The current director trained at the hospital, where he was one of the protagonists of an historic moment: the first paediatric liver transplant in Spain. Now, he is committed to continuing this legacy and, always putting the patient first, achieving excellence across all staff.
Sibling Project
Embedded video for Sibling Project
The Neonatology Department's Sibling Project is a workshop for the siblings of new-born babies admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit in the Vall d'Hebron Maternity and Children's Hospital. Through simulated games and situations, the project prepares them to get used to seeing their younger siblings in a hospital medical setting.
More than 1,000 meals a day
Embedded video for More than 1,000 meals a day
Vall d'Hebron University Hospital's kitchen serves more than 1,000 meals a day, twice a day, not counting breakfast. A reality that José Parrilla and Carmina Esteban know all too well.From three kitchens to one and from coal to gas. That is how the hospital's catering service has evolved. A place where the needs of each patient must be taken into account and where there is room for small, juicy anecdotes.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I was at Modern Workplace Summit in Olso a week ago and did a presentation together with Fabrizio Volpe (@fabriziovlp) about security in Skype for Business. A part of my presentation touched upon the certificate based authentication used by Lync and Skype for business. After a twitter conversation with Randy Chapman (@randychapman) and Alexander Holmeset (Holmez85) I decided to write a short post about it.
Skype4B uses an authentication method called TLS-DSK which is a certificate based authentication. No it's not client certificate authentication, it's certificate based authentication. There is a very big difference and from a security perspective it's important to understand that it's not client certificate authentication.
When a client has authenticated to the server (Kerberos or NTLM) it gets a webticket. That webticket is then used to contact the Certificate Provisioning Service and retrieve a "Skype4B/Lync certificate". This certificate is then used for subsequent authentications using TLS-DSK.
By default this certificate is valid for 180 days. This means that the client can use this certificate to retrieve new webtickets for 180 days. When a webticket is retrieved using the certificate, no check towards Active Directory user object is done. This means a locked AD account can retrieve webtickets without any problems. It's only when an NTLM authentication is done that the AD is involved in the authentication process.
So the obvious question here is of course; "is there any way to set how long these certificates should be valid"? Yes there is, it can be done in PowerShell. This setting is a part of the web services configuration. The command below sets the expiration time of issued certificates to 24 hours.
This worked fine in iOS 8 and to me it's really frustrating. I prefer to have my regional settings set to Swedish to get date, currency and all that in the, for me, correct format but I still want my iPhone language set to English.
I also want to point out that for me it wasn't enough to just set my iPhone language to "swedish". I had to re-install the Lync app from AppStore to get it working again. I really hope this gets sorted soon.
Update: Microsoft has a KB for this https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/kb/3096704. I was a bit sad to see this: "This problem is fixed in the Microsoft Skype for Business for iOS app that will replace Lync for iPhone and Lync for iPad when it's released. No fix for this issue is scheduled for the current releases of Lync for iPhone and Lync for iPad".
Thanks to Marc Bertasius (@marcbertasius) for bringing this to my attention.
Hello! Those of you that read my twitter already know that I am going to Microsoft Ignite next week. Those who didn't know would have known if they followed me on twitter (hint hint). Anyway, I'm going to Ignite with many of my PointSharp colleagues. I'll be going to sessions, stalking various Skype MVPs and of course be in our booth (#563) and talk about Skype for Business security.
We will also be bringing our brand new version, PointSharp 4.4, to the conference which includes some nice features for Lync/Skype4B.
Previously we used the IIS Manager to configure our reverse proxy, in this version we have built our own UI which makes administration and deployment much easier.
In our previous versions we created a partnership between a user and their mobile device. This ensures that credentials cannot be stolen and used on another device. Now, we are bringing this functionality to the Edge server which means that we can do the same for PCs.
We have made it possible to block an active client. For instance if a user's phone is stolen/lost we can block that specific device. The client becomes useless, it doesn't even matter if the correct credentials are stored on the mobile device or PC. No more disabling the whole account.
Are you coming to Ignite? Come talk to me in our booth, ping me on twitter (@techmikal). I'll also be at some of the UC oriented parties in the evenings. I hope to meet you there!
This post is going to be about what seems to be one of the least discussed features in Lync. I'm talking about the Lync Kerberos Account… No, don't you dare close this window. We know it's there, the Best Practice Analyzer tells us it's considered 'best practice' to enable Kerberos authentication for Web traffic. Let's keep that in mind while I try to unravel the reasons. To do so, and still make some sense, I have to start by explaining (quite) a bit about Kerberos and how it works. For any of you who are familiar with Exchange probably recognizes the Exchange Alternate Service Account (ASA), this is the Exchange equivalent of the Lync Kerberos Account. This is going to be a long post, and much won't be specific to Lync, but I believe it's worth reading and I believe people need to start deploying the Lync Kerberos Account.
Kerberos is complicated and most often you don't have to care much about it, because it all happens automatically under the hood. While it's great that it works automatically (most of the time) it shouldn't be overlooked as it's very important. It is the preferred authentication protocol for Windows. Most services that you access daily on your LAN are accessible to you because you have authenticated using Kerberos. Lync is no exception, it wants to use Kerberos as much as possible, if you'll let it.
Today there are three commonly used authentication protocols in Windows. There's basic authentication which, by itself, offers no security at all, that's right, no security at all. Then we have NTLM, which was the preferred authentication protocol in pre-Kerberos times. It is still widely used today, because unlike Kerberos authentication, it doesn't require that the authenticating client has access to a Domain Controller. This is the reason internal Lync clients try to authenticate using Kerberos and external clients fall back to NTLM. Finally, we have Kerberos.
If you aren't interested in how it works and just want to deploy the Lync Kerberos account there is a TL;DR almost at the end of the post.
Great, you're still reading. It gets a little complicated but I will do my best to explain it as simply as I can without omitting very important things.
Kerberos is an authentication protocol that is based on tickets that allows users and computers to authenticate in a secure manner over a non-secure network. The tickets that are used to authenticate never contains any passwords which means that a users password is never sent over the network. It uses symmetric key cryptography and requires a 3rd party that is trusted by the entity that is authenticating and the one that requires authentication. This 3rd party is the KDC (Key Distribution Center). In the Microsoft world this is the Domain Controllers. The KDC knows the secret key for all users and all computer accounts. All secret keys are a salted hash of the account password. The KDC is also trusted by all domain members, meaning that it can validate all tickets and any ticket issued by the KCD is trusted by all domain members. This is very important as we go on. As mentioned above Kerberos is based on tickets. There are different types of tickets and they are used for different things. To access a service you need a service ticket, a service ticket proves your identity to a computer that is running a service. To get a service ticket you need a Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT). To get a TGT you must authenticate yourself to the KDC.
In the following example a user wants to access an OWA (It's a little easier to use as an example than Lync). The whole authentication process starts when the user logs on to the workstation.
The user signs in to the workstation, when they do, the workstation will contact the KDC and request a Ticket Granting Ticket (TGT). The requests consists of a plain text part which includes among other things, the username. A portion of the request is encrypted with the users password. This is called the Authentication Service Request (AS-REQ).
The KDC receives the request and inspects the plain text part where it can see who is this person claiming to be. It then looks up the user and in it's database where it also finds the users secret key. It uses this secret key to decrypt the encrypted part of the message. If it's able to decrypt the message it knows that the user is who they claim to be (or at least that the person is using the correct password). Now that the Domain Controller knows who the user is it will go ahead and respond with a TGT. This TGT contains information about the authenticated user and is encrypted with the KDC's secret key which is not known to the workstation. It stores this TGT in the memory, for the sake of this example let's call it the Kerberos memory, for as long as it is valid (10 hours by default). The response itself is called the Authentication Service Reply (AS-REP).
Now remember that step 1 and 2 happened when the user logged into their workstation. Now the sequence continues when the user decides to access the OWA. This happens, let's say, an hour later.
The user tries to access the OWA anonymously. The server responds with a HTTP 401 status code, meaning it requires authentication. In the response there is a header named "WWW-Authenticate" with the value of "Negotiate" which tells the client which type of authentication protocol to use. In this case Kerberos. The workstation looks in its Kerberos memory, where it will notice that it doesn't have a service ticket for the HTTP service of the machine hosting the OWA. It then contacts the KDC again with a service ticket request. The request states which service the client wants to access. This is specified by including the Service Principal Name (SPN i.e. HTTP/exchange-cas01.contoso.com). The client also attaches the TGT it received in step 2 (from the kerberos memory) to the request. This is called the Ticket Granting Service Request (TGS-REQ).
The KDC receives the TGS-REQ from the client. It reads the SPN in the request and searches it database for a user account, or computer account, with a matching SPN registered. Now that the KDC has verified that the SPN exists, it also knows which account that holds that particular SPN. To determine who the user is, it decrypts the TGT using its own secret key (the same it used to encrypt the ticket in step 2). If it successfully decrypts the ticket, it knows that it was issued by the KDC and therefore the content can be trusted. And the content contains… You're right, it contains the users verified identity. Now the KDC knows which account that holds the SPN (the Exchange CAS) and the user who wants to access the service. It then responds to the TGS-REQ with a service ticket, which it encrypts with the secret key of the account that holds the SPN. The workstation then receives the service ticket. Note that since the service ticket is encrypted with a secret key unknown to the client, it cannot read the encrypted part of the ticket. The client stores this ticket in the Kerberos memory for as long as it's valid. The response is called the Ticket Granting Service Reply (TGS-REP).
The workstation now connects to the OWA. It includes the service ticket, taken from the Kerberos memory, and uses it in the "authorization" header of the HTTP request.
The web server hosting OWA receives the request and inspects the authorization header. It extracts the service ticket and attempts to decrypt it using its own secret key. If it can, it means the KDC has encrypted it and it's content can be trusted. From the ticket it is able to extract the users identity and their group memberships. The request is then authenticated and the user is served the requested contents.
Important things to remember from the above example.
The server running the service (OWA) never contacted the DC. This means less load for the service and each client doing most of the job.
No password was sent over the network.
When a client has a valid ticket for a service it can be used as long as its valid, meaning no need to go through the authentication process again and again. Each request is authenticated but the client uses the same ticket.
The ticket sent to the service also includes group memberships which means authorization decisions can be made directly without contacting a Domain Controller.
Now that we understand how Kerberos works (we do, don't we?)… Well, at least we know the basics of how it works, which is enough for the scope of this post. Before we can get back to Lync we need to understand one more authentication protocol… I promise, its the last one for this post. We need to look into NTLM which is also used by Lync. Without understanding both protocols we can't understand the pros and cons.
Unlike Kerberos, NTLM is not built on tickets. NTLM happens in three phases. These phases includes three different types, Type 1-3. So let use the same example as above. A client wants to access an OWA that is protected by NTLM authentication.
The client starts his browser and navigates to the OWA address.
The server responds that it requires NTLM authentication.
The client sends an NTLM Type 1 message that includes its NTLM capabilities.
The server responds with an NTLM Type 2 message that contains a generated challenge.
The client extracts the message from the server and uses it's password to generate a Type 3 message that is sent to the server.
The server receives the Type 3 message, sends the Type 2 and Type 3 message to the DC.
The DC receives the Type 2 and Type 3 message. Validates the messages towards its database and responds back to the server with whether the user has successfully authenticated or not.
The server receives the responds from the DC and if it's correctly authenticated it lets the client access the requested resource.
So after reading through the above we can quite safely say that we want to use Kerberos over NTLM where possible.
We're getting closer now to the point of this post, the Lync Kerberos Account, and one of the reasons it's considered best practice.
While a client dependant load balancing/fail over perhaps isn't the most elegant solution, it makes it a lot easier to deploy. This works well for SIP traffic where the authentication is connection based. Meaning that when the connection is established and the user is authenticated the connection is kept open and marked as an authenticated connection. This way the client does not have to provide credentials with each request. There is one protocol which is not covered by DNS load balancing and still needs to be load balanced using a hardware load balancer, namely HTTP which is used for Lync Web Services. Lync Web Services is used quite a lot by the clients, which then risks falling into the NTLM trap mentioned above. Meaning each request has to be authenticated towards the DC. While this certainly works it's not optimal at all. Why put more load on DC's and network than necessary? Why use an inferior authentication protocol? There really is NO good reason.
How come it's not deployed everywhere then? Because it works without deploying it and likely because Kerberos authentication is less well known and a little trickier to load balance. Hopefully it won't be after reading this post.
While explaining Kerberos above I mentioned that it relies on SPNs to function properly. This is because tickets are encrypted with the key for the service that is known to the server hosting the service and the DC. In the following scenario we have lyncpool1.contoso.com that consists of three Front Ends (fe01-03.contoso.com). The overridden name lyncpool1-web.contoso.com DNS record points to the load balancer that is in front of all three Front Ends.
The client will connect to https://lyncpool1-web.contoso.com and from that name it will determine that it needs a service ticket for the HTTP/lyncpool1-web.contoso.com to which the DC will likely reply "no such service principal" because no such SPN exists. On some installations I've seen that the SPN does exist in one of the following configurations.
Registered to each Front End Servers computer account. This breaks Kerberos. Each SPN must be unique.
Registered to one Front End. This doesn't break Kerberos but can't be load balanced. When a client goes to the load balancer with a valid kerberos ticket and gets directed to a Front End that doesn't have that SPN registered, it will fail. As you can see in the image below the client's Kerberos ticket is issued to HTTP/lyncpool1-web.contoso.com. The request ends up at FE01 which does not hold that SPN.
So, what to do? Enter the Lync Kerberos Account!
The Lync Kerberos Account is a really smart idea that makes load balancing Kerberos for Lync Web Services a non-issue. Essentially it's a computer account. When created it's just that. Now comes the special part; when you assign it to a site the correct SPNs are registered to that account and all Front Ends in the site become aware of the account and can use it for authentication purposes. This means that each server in the pool knows the secret for that account that then can be used to decrypt Kerberos tickets. This also means that whether the client ends up at FE01, 02 or 03 it doesn't matter because the ticket it sends is encrypted with the service key for HTTP/lyncpool1-web.contoso.com which all of them can decrypt and read because they have the secret key of the Lync Kerberos Account.
TL;DR Kerberos is an authentication protocol based on tickets. It's better than NTLM. Always deploy the Lync Kerberos Account.
Now that we're all on the same page (hopefully), how do we deploy this account? It's quite simple.
First we need to create the account itself.
New-CsKerberosAccount -UserAccount "Contoso\KerbAuth" -ContainerDN "CN=Users,DC=contoso,DC=com"
Then we need to assign it to our site.
New-CsKerberosAccountAssignment -UserAccount "Contoso\KerbAuth" -Identity "site:Contoso"
Set the password for the account. Do NOT skip this step.
And that's it! The account is deployed. You can verify that the correct SPN's has been added to the account by running.
Verify that you can see the overridden internal Web Services SPN in the list (HTTP/lyncpool1-web.contoso.com). Also make sure that the DNS A record for lyncpool1-web.contoso.com is pointing to VIP on your load balancer for internal Lync Web Services.
If you receive client pop ups after you have enabled the Lync Kerberos Account it means you have missed something in the configuration.
You can verify your Lync Kerberos Account configuration by running the following command from the Lync Server Management Shell.
I know this has been a long post, hopefully you found it interesting. Thank you for reading.
A special thanks to @grahamcropley.
Today Microsoft released an update for its Lync Android client. This new release brings some quite significant changes.
These two changes brings the Android client up to speed to the other mobile clients when it comes to authentication. This is a necessary step to support Android as a full fledged mobile client.
This option is only available in the cloud… Which is a little dissapointing but fear not, it will be available in the next on-premise version.
One of the minor but very appreciated difference in this new version is that the calendar is changed to cover more days than just today.
What are you waiting for? Go grab it at the store.
Updated 12/6 – Added answers to some questions at the end.
Time for another blog post! As promised, on twitter, I'll give you all some more information about pre-authentication and device partnership but first I would like to give a little background to this functionality.
Our first solution for Lync 2013 (described in the Lync active two-factor authentication post) raised the security bar considerably, especially by providing an application specific password and the option to use two-factor authentication without the need for passive authentication.
This done, we still felt that we wanted to do even more to further enhance the security. Coming from the security field, one of the things I dislike about Lync is the fact that the reverse proxy just passes the traffic anonymously to the Front-End server for external clients. That combined with the fact that we already built a reverse proxy (PointSharp Mobile Gateway) specialized for Exchange ActiveSync made it quite clear what we needed to do.
So we set out to bring some of the most popular features that we have for Exchange ActiveSync to Lync 2013, namely user/device partnership and pre-authentication. This resulted in an extended Mobile Gateway with specialized support for Lync 2013.
The authentication is moved from the trusted LAN to the DMZ. This means that authentication takes place on the Mobile Gateway and requiring a successful authentication before passing the traffic to the Lync Front-End. The authentication used is NTLM and it support application specific passwords as well as two-factor authentication. An authentication request is then sent to PointSharp ID that verifies the credentials and decides whether to accept or reject the user. Just to be clear, this has nothing at all to do with passive authentication.
User/device partnership. So what does this mean? Simplified it means that only the correct user with the correct device is allowed to use the service. The device is registered to the user so that if the credentials are stolen they cannot be used without the correct device. What it does is that it inspects the device when it has authenticated and sends an authorization request to the PointSharp ID server which then tells the Mobile Gateway whether the device should be accepted or rejected. Apart from this it is also possible only allow certain types of devices as well as limit the number of devices that can be used.
I know this is mostly an overview that does not go into all technical details but I wanted to keep my twitter-promise and give you all some more information on the subject. More will surely come.
I also have to add; Designing, developing, testing and generally working on this project with all my fantastic colleagues has been great and extremely rewarding.
I also want to give a special thanks to Tom Arbuthnot (@tomarbuthnot) and Graham Cropley (@grahamcropley)for answering my desperate questions on twitter!
* Update 12/6: I received questions regarding how this affects clients, if any special client is needed and whether Mobile Gateway takes over the reverse proxy role. The answer is no, no special client is needed and the clients are not affected in any way. The Mobile Gateway is a reverse proxy, therefore no other reverse proxy is needed.
Twitter and blogs have been buzzing about the update for the Lync mobile client for android. It was released on the 12th of May and demoed on the same day by Modality System's Justin Morris (@justimorris) at this year's TechEd NA.
These are great changes to the android client, bringing its functionality closer to its Windows Phone and iOS siblings. You have most likely read this already since it has been all over the Internet. So why am I writing yet another blog post about this? Well, the simple answer is that this update contains more than meets the eye. Specifically there are two changes that I find particularly important.
– Security improvements through tightened SSL validation.
While these features might not sound as shiny and extravagant as the previous list they are very important from a security perspective.
• Certificates cannot be expired.
o Certificates must be trusted (that is, signed by a trusted authority).
o Certificates (and chain) have to be installed on the device.
• The DNS Name certificate property has to match the URL.
The second feature much appreciated. I spent the entire TechEd EU 2013 asking presenters and Microsoft employees why the Android client was sending its credentials in clear text (no, Base64 is not encrypted, it's encoded) while the other mobile clients used NTLM. I never got an answer. But with this update the authentication protocol for the Android client has changed to NTLM which means that no more credentials are being sent in clear text.
This means I must update the table from my first blog post about the Lync authentication process to reflect this.
It should be noted that the Android client still doesn't request a certificate like Windows Phone, iOS and the PC client does. Perhaps in the next update!
As always, thank your for reading. I hope you enjoyed the read.


a look behind the indigo curtain to spotlight the role and stories of women in the denim industry. Featuring women who operate in managerial positions in different segments of the denim supply chain – from cotton growing to marketing, from denim mill and laundry to brand.
This transformers summit is fueled by female energy and aims to put women's contributions to the industry into context and inspire both en and women in all segments.
Our speakers, representing all the different points in the denim supply chain, will give short 10-minute presentations offering real life stories and sharing their insights.


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Home / Features / Gazans demonstrate on anniversary of Balfour Declaration
Gazans demonstrate on anniversary of Balfour Declaration
in Features, Reports November 5, 2010
4 November 2010 | International Solidarity Movement
As Israeli army snipers in the control tower at the Erez crossing looked on, Saber Al Za'anin, the General Coordinator of the Local Initiative group spoke passionately about Palestinian resistance on the anniversary of the November 3rd 1917 Balfour Declaration.
"We carry forward the fight of our great grandfathers to dismiss the disgraceful and unjust promise that the UK Foreign Secretary offered to the Zionists to create a state in the middle of Palestine 93 years ago. Here we are, the present-day Palestinian generation standing strong again to uphold the principle of our forefathers and the struggle that has been passed down for us to continue today."
It was the 93rd anniversary of the Balfour promise, and local volunteers from the Local Initiative group from Beit Hanoun and activists from the International Solidarity Movement demonstrated next to the Israeli border in Beit Hanoun, Northern Gaza. The crowd marched up to 100 metres from the Israeli wall, where previous non-violent demonstrations had been fired upon with live ammunition. The protesters were bringing attention to the horrific injustices that have befallen them since the promise by British occupiers to create a Jewish homeland over an area that was over 90% Palestinian Arab.
The demonstration took place near the Erez border , near the Israeli imposed 'buffer zone' – an area of land 300 metres from the fence stretching along the entire border fence. A United Nations investigation found that farmers, rubble collectors, civilians and protesters have been shot up 1500 metres of the fence, which makes 35% of Gaza's most agricultural land a high risk area to access, causing severe loss of food production and livelihoods.
The demonstrators approached the Israeli wall, stopping at a barbed wire fence and ditch created by a bulldozer during an Israeli incursion over a month before in which 3 farm workers we killed. Planting one Palestinian flag at the fence, they chanted and waved flags before people spoke of the horrific legacy of the Balfour Declaration.
Local farmer Abzel Al Baseony spoke about the current plight he faces; he stands to lose more land near the border. He has been farming since 1984, taking after his father. He explained how the Israeli army bulldozed much of his land that used to be covered in trees and how afraid people are to farm there now. Like most Palestinians, he was also well aware of Britain's historical role in facilitating the creation of Israel on Palestinian land.
"It was the British who created this problem allowing the Israeli state to be built on the ruins of our refugees and you've seen what they have done to us ever since. During the British mandate before 1947 their attacks on us killed many civilians, and now they, like the American and European Governments, continue to support Israel when it takes our land and bombs our families. But we will keep farming for another 93 years if that's what it takes to get justice for our people."
Like over 80% of Gazans, most of the demonstrators were refugees from different Palestinian towns and villages such as Faluja, Min Dimra, Askelaan or Majdel, arab villages located in what is now Israel. In total, 531 villages were wiped out and demolished in 1948 by the Israeli army after their Palestinian inhabitants were violently forced to leave. Ever since they have been refused their right of return.
British International Solidarity Movement activist Adie Mormech believes that people from his country have a duty to right the wrongs of the British involvement in Palestine, which continues today with political, commercial and military support.
"The British Government's role in the middle east is a sad one, like much of the British empire was for the inhabitants of the countries they were colonizing. Britain contributed similarly the Apartheid system in South Africa. Fortunately many British citizens opposed the apartheid regime, boycotting the South African government until their racist policies had to end. Today in Britain and throughout the world, boycotts, divestment and sanctions of Israel are growing while the international community continues to allow with impunity Israel's medieval siege of Gaza, it's military occupation of the West Bank and Jerusalem and its continuing discrimination and ethnic cleansing. As was the case for South Africa, it is up to people of conscience around the world to join the movement until Israel adheres to international law and allow Palestinians the same human rights as any other people."
The demonstration ended without incident, although there was no mistaking the memories and sense of injustice stirred by the anniversary of Balfour, emphasized by the resolution of organiser Saber Al Za'anin:
"We are out from under the rubble of Israeli oppression to prove again to the whole world that the Palestinian people will never accept the ethnic cleansing and murder against us. We will remain steadfast for our rights, our freedom and our land."
Buffer Zone Demonstration Gaza Video	2010-11-05
Tagged with: Buffer Zone Demonstration Gaza Video
Dozens of settlers seize a piece of land west of Kafr ad-Dik, leave a fence on it, and plant it with trees https://t.co/5o86sn3D7T 8 hours ago
Dozens of olive trees uprooted in the Khallet Hassan area northwest of Bidya and in Yasuf by settlers. A farmer fro… https://t.co/wcr1csHtd6 9 hours ago


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Home › Good News
Viola Davis Spreads Awareness About Diabetes Through New Documentary
"I'm sharing my story for the first time in an effort to inspire others to take action against the type 2 diabetes epidemic," said Davis.
The racial health disparity surrounding diabetes is on the rise. According to a study conducted by the National Institutes of Health, in the U.S. Black adults are almost twice as likely to develop type 2 diabetes in comparison to white adults. Actress Viola Davis is utilizing her platform as an avenue to spread awareness about this matter in hopes of reversing this alarming trend. She recently joined forces with the pharmaceutical company Merck to narrate a documentary that captures how the disease is impacting communities across the country, PR Newswire reported.
Merck and Viola Davis to Debut A Touch of Sugar During Tribeca Film Festival® https://t.co/3WpwPDBYIt
— PRNhealth (@PRNhealth) April 25, 2019
The film—titled A Touch of Sugar—is a part of a larger initiative led by Merck called America's Diabetes Challenge: Get to Your Goals. The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival on Thursday. For Davis, the diabetes struggle is personal. She herself has prediabetes, two of her sisters were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and one of her family members died after battling with the disease.
"I'm one of the 84 million American adults living with prediabetes and I'm sharing my story for the first time in an effort to inspire others to take action against the type 2 diabetes epidemic," she said in a statement. "My sisters are both struggling with type 2 diabetes and my aunt also died from complications of the disease. Growing up, we just said they had 'the sugar,' which didn't sound that concerning. But, when you look at the facts, there's nothing harmless about diabetes – it's a chronic disease that needs to be taken seriously if we're going to get it under control."
The film explores how culture and socio-economic issues are intertwined with the epidemic. Conrod Kelly who serves as the Executive Director of the Diabetes Franchise at Merck says the film was created to put "a much-needed spotlight on the real people affected by it firsthand," and hopes that it inspires people to take action.
Films like A Touch of Sugar are needed to spread awareness about the ever-growing epidemic. According to the news outlet, 30 million adults in the U.S. are living with diabetes.
10 Epic Speeches From Viola Davis That Will Move Your Soul
Taraji P. Henson To Launch Non-Profit That Addresses Mental Health Stigma In The Black Community
Happy Birthday! Coretta Scott King Quotes That Will Brighten Your Day
A Touch of Sugar	, Diabetes	, Live Well	, Merck	, Tribeca Film Festival	, Viola Davis


The Age of Revolution once referred to the years from 1775 to 1848 when absolutist monarchies were forcibly replaced by republics or constitutionalist states. These upheavals included the American Revolution, the French Revolution, the Haitian Revolution, and revolutions throughout Latin America.
After World War II, a second Age of Revolution occurred in Africa as colonies freed themselves from their European masters. Most of these revolts were in the 1950s, 60s, and 70s.
Twenty-six wild turkeys two weeks ago marched for food in Point Reyes Station.
Now a third Age of Revolution is sweeping the world. It all began last month when street protesters in Tunisia toppled the 23-year regime of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. That, of course, helped inspire street protests which earlier this month led to the resignation of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak after a 29-year rule. An estimated 365 protesters had been killed by the time he left office.
Immediately protesters in Yemen demanded that President Ali Abdullah Saleh resign after 32 years in office. Saleh has said he won't seek reelection in 2013, but protesters want him out now. Nine protesters have been killed so far.
Street protests also spread to Bahrain where seven people have been killed in demonstrations against the prime minister, Sheikh Khalifa bin Salman al Khalifa, over economic problems in the island kingdom.
Other street protests in the region are occurring in Libya (1,000 or more protesters killed), Morocco (five killed), Algeria (two killed), Kuwait (some reportedly tortured), and Jordan (eight injured).
Elsewhere street protests have been cropping up against authoritarian regimes in China, Russia, and…. Wisconsin?
A fox on my deck last week looking for bread.
Nor is the fox alone in its desire for more bread, along with roses. Three raccoons showed up tonight to join in the demonstration.
Even a possum waddled onto my deck to take part.
The fox, the raccoons, and the possum all want bread but prefer peanuts. By offering them a few goobers, I was able to convince them to pose with a rose for these portraits.
No doubt authoritarian potentates from Vladimir Putin to Moammar Khadafy to Gov. Walker wish their problems could be solved for peanuts. But they can't, which is why they find common people around the globe to be revolting.
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Because Hindsight is a Wonderful Thing
Category: sharks
Modern Day Usury: Loansharking
January 30, 2017 by admin, posted in sharks
From a social standpoint, loansharking is a widespread form of usury which attacks the class bordering financial stability and impoverishment. Loan sharks are unlicensed money lenders (UML) of an extortionistic nature. This socially destructive force is a predatory menace to the most vulnerable people in society — from preventing a young man to attain an otherwise possible financial growth to collateral damage resulting from harassment performed unto his family and neighbours. Increasing frequencies of harassment and the public fear they generate have created considerable interest in devising strategies for crime prevention and control. Loansharking techniques are evolving and will continue to pose a real threat to citizens' safety, unless and until a sound policing system of crime prevention and cash credit system is set up alongside legal sanctions against UML. This article situates the problem of loansharking in Singapore, examines existing penalties and policing strategies for combating the issue and proposes further structural enhancements to existing measures to curb the problem.
It is imperative to understand the loansharking context in Singapore. Statistics have shown a steady increase in the number of loansharking incidents in Singapore from the year 2004. Although the year 2007 saw a slight dip in the number of cases, loansharking and harassment activities have risen consistently, with the highest yet figure of 18,645 reported cases last year. In addition, loansharks have evolved into organized criminal syndicates with multiple layers of hierarchy such that penetration through the layers to nab the ringleader at the core of this illegitimate entrepreneurialism proves to be challenging. Those that partake in harassment activities and debt collection are "runners", some of whom are debtors pressured into becoming runners. They belong to the lower rungs of the organisation and most would not tell on the syndicate for fear of reprisals to their family. Their harassment tactics include padlocking the household gate with a chain and splashing urine, blood or paint on the front door. Of late, runners have even extended their boundaries of vandalism to stigmatising the borrower's neighbours' homes intended to shame the borrower into repaying his debt. The problem is intensified by the economic reciprocal relationship of demand and supply. That loansharks thrive proves there is a demand for their illicit services. Indeed, it is a disgrace upon us in our civilized communities that we tolerate a group of loan sharks who extort as much as 1000% a year from the poor, who are driven to the necessity now and again of contracting for small loans. That tough measures are needed to cripple the loanshark scourge before they cripple the prevailing peace of society requires no further explanation.
Current legal measures and policing strategies in Singapore largely follow classical criminological philosophies, which assume a social contract undertaken by people who mutually refrain from harming others through rational choice. Thus, the loanshark is assumed to act out of free will and self-interest when he violates the social contract. Punishment tactics is guided by the denunciation model, which is a hybrid of utilitarianism and retribution. Utilitarian punishments befitting the crime are meted out as deterrents to would-be criminals who will destroy the peace of society. Where current measures prove ineffective as deterrents, stronger measures are proposed. Under the recently enhanced Moneylenders Act, there will be mandatory caning for first-time harassers in addition to existing penalty of a fine up to $40,000 and a jail term not exceeding three years (http://statutes.agc.gov.sg). Mandatory forms of punishment extends from retributive theory, and in this case, views caning as a punishment for loansharks that abuse their free will and consciously inflict harm on others. The police have also invoked the Criminal Law (Temporary Provisions) Act to detain perpetrators in instances where witnesses are hesitant to stand court for fear of reprisal(http://statutes.agc.gov.sg). Critics may question the morality behind the punitive measure, but it is certainly considered safe practice for traumatised citizens who have endured abuse and threats by the same perpetrators.
In fashioning punishments such as those mentioned above, judges need to consider extenuating circumstances as advocated by the due process model of criminal justice, such as crimes fostered by mental instability or coercion resulting from socioeconomic class which in turn contradicts the assumption of free will. Such offenders need to be rehabilitated appropriately to prevent miscarriages of justice. For example, a stigmatized ex-convict, Rezal, was faced with financial difficulties created by prolonged joblessness and two school-going children, was coerced into becoming a runner . Restorative measures for people belonging to this demographic group must be considered by the state. The recent adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code which issues community-based sentencing options for crimes motivated by mental illness or dysfunctional family circumstances appears to be a step towards restorative punishment. This has led to reformative training instead of the initial four-year imprisonment for 16-year-old loanshark runner, Nur Azilah Ithnin, who was driven to the crime in late 2009 due to desperation arising from poverty and a dysfunctional family. One can argue that impoverished youths might view reformative training as a 'softer' form of punishment and thus question its deterrence value. One must, however, bear in mind that it is as important for the young offender, a victim of circumstances, to reintegrate into society without potential recidivism as it is important to deter crime. Advocates of Right Realism may dismiss socio-economic circumstances as causes of criminality. However, as long as hosts of people are living upon small salaries bordering competency, a slight disturbance in the normal course of affairs, such as prolonged illness necessitating hospital and medical care, the necessity for making small loans even for the purpose of meeting household expenses temporarily, will exist. It is all very well for those who are firmly situated from the financial point of view to say that every person must live within his income. Inevitably, situations arise in which it is utterly impossible to do so from week to week.
Perhaps the most worrying trend of loanshark syndicates is that of youth involvement in loansharking, either as runners or debtors. One in four arrested for the crime last year was a youth (Singapore Police Force, 2009). Besides Nur Azilah Ithnin's case, in April 2009, a thirteen-year-old boy hooked on internet soccer betting was reported to have amassed $30,000 in loanshark debt. As a reactive rehabilitative strategy, he was referred to counseling for gambling addiction. While gambling was the initiating cause for this crime thereby warranting rehabilitation, the borrowing problem needs to be addressed at the tertiary level of preventing potential recidivism. Delinquent acts are often believed to be committed by working class youths, particularly those facing school failure having been denied legitimate channels to achieving their goals, drifting into the trade. In the case of the thirteen-year-old boy, his actions were not borne out of status frustration, as both parents are white-collar workers, but of neglect resulting from parents' long working hours. That Singapore comprises of a largely middle-class population and economic competition necessitating long working hours suffice to say that this is probably not an isolated case. Hence, at the primary level of crime prevention to prevent youth involvement in loansharking, school constables under the SPF's Honorary Volunteer Special Constabulary School scheme should provide educational talks on the dangers of loansharking. In considering deterrence measures for impressionistic juvenile delinquents vulnerable to external influences, society must also avoid negative labelling. This is sometimes subconsciously materialized by the media. That the name of juvenile delinquent runner, Nur Azilah Ithnin, was published in the press revealed the insensitivity of the press to journalistic repercussions. Instead of drifting out of delinquency as they near adulthood, labelling may reinforce youths' negative self-concept and commit secondary deviance.
Besides these crime prevention measures and the issues entrenched in them, other policing strategies put in place by the state to curb loansharking will be reviewed and structural enhancements proposed, the first of which is preventive strategies at the primary level by the police, who bear the primary burden for controlling crime . Standard strategies involve stable geographic assignment of officers to decentralized Neighbourhood Police Posts (NPP) to improve familiarity with the estate, its problems and residents. This is aimed at projecting a sense of omnipresence of the police in the minds of the syndicates and reassurance of safety for residents. Dr. Sylvia Lim of the Workers Party noted at a parliamentary meeting that there has been a growing public perception in Singapore that police presence has fallen from the heights of the 1990s when the NPP then served longer hours, thereby implying the need for increased surveillance. However, much research conducted in the U.S have proven preventive policing by patrol is known to be costly, intrusive and generally an ineffective allocation of resources, especially with the already stretched SPF being reallocated to man new units handling casino-related matters since the operation of the casinos. An alternative non-intrusive approach is to install CCTVs in lifts and at staircase entrances, which some anti-loanshark watch groups in Serangoon, Redhill, Canberra and Bukit Merah estates are already doing (Grassroots fight back with anti-loan shark programme, 15 March 2010, paras 2-7). A further enhancement to prevent the "big-brother" syndrome, CCTVs should only be activated upon the first sighting of vandalism since repeat visits by runners are to be expected. However, the most effective form of surveillance is perhaps by community crime prevention, of which the central premise is that by exerting informal surveillance and social control over their neighbourhoods, residents can affect the extent to which opportunities for harassment exist. Opportunistic loanshark runners avoid areas where they feel conspicuous and think their presence might be challenged. Considering the open structure of HDB design with residents already hanging out in such close proximity at gardens, void decks, playgrounds and coffeeshops, what better way of neighbourhood surveillance is there than to engage the residents? Existing anti-loanshark watch groups are currently alerted by the NPP of a harassment case within 24-hours of harassment occurrence, after which Residents' Committee(RC) members will notify residents of the affected and neighbouring blocks to watch out for repeat attacks and to offer information which could help in the conviction of offenders. By doing so, residents act as informer law enforcers, reporting on crimes of which they have been victims, suspicious activities and crimes-in-progress that they have observed. The Redhill and Bukit Merah RC members have also been roped in to join police officers on patrol to sieve out suspicious characters, thereby improving police-community relations, police awareness of residents' concerns, residents' awareness of police limitations and consequently, increased responsibility on residents' part for crime prevention. In this way, the SPF has extended beyond their task of policing to fulfill the social service role of establishing rapport with the community as residents could be ready witnesses to criminalizing loansharking acts. To further enhance community crime prevention, the authorities should perhaps model after the Hartford Crime Prevention Project in the U.S, which has proven that increased human activity enhanced by mixed land uses – mixture of commercial and residential uses, results in informal surveillance by citizens which protects public and private spaces simultaneously. Thus, the SPF can collaborate with town councils to ensure geographical hotspots identified by the anti-UML task force has a constant buzz of activities brought about by the construction of shopping malls and social activities conducted by community clubs and RCs. Once a sense of security prevails over the neighbourhood, residents inevitably exercise control over suspicious-looking outsiders present in the area.
Besides the community approach, the SPF has adopted the intelligence-led problem-oriented approach of assigning an anti-UML task force in 2005 to investigate and conduct ambush operations on syndicates. It bore fruit a year later in 2006 when the number of arrests for UML offences increased by 11% and the number of detainees under the CL(TP) Act increased by 63% (Singapore Police Force, 2006). This centralised operation is timely considering the growing audacity of loansharks and that casino operations are expected to create collateral damage to society, of which loansharking is the prime concern. Further suggestions to optimising the scope of this specialist team include investigating ways to deter syndicates from utilising technology for their crime, transnational crimes due to the foreseeable increase in foreign clients to the casinos and juvenile delinquents from being lured into the trade. In addition, they should identify geographical hotspots in the city to direct resources to. Netizens of local forums who deem this as an operational over-reaction may instead take a cue from islamic terrorists who, prior to the 911 incident, were thought to be working-class adults incapable of technological manipulation.
In a multi-agency approach to tackling loansharking, the SPF has collaborated with Monetary Authority of Singapore and Association of Banks in Singapore to advance procedures and refine policies to curb banking exploitation by syndicates. This has culminated in the enhancement of existing penalties in the Moneylenders Act, which includes freezing the assets of culprits who have utilised technology and electronic banking facilities in a bid to avoid detection and arrest or operated from offshore online banking facilities to sustain their businesses, using connectivity made available through social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter to operate under the shroud of anonymity).
In yet another multi-agency approach, the SPF has collaborated with HDB to identify loansharks who exploit a legal loophole in which they file a caveat on a home buyer's flat purchase that entitles them to the proceeds upon resale. Some borrowers have also furnished loansharks with outdated or false addresses, resulting in unsuspecting new occupants becoming innocent victims of harassment and live in the shadows of violence sale. Considering HDB estate's compact dwellings and people residing in close proximity, loansharks prey on the vulnerability of residents susceptible to arbitrary harassment gangsterism. and a jail term of up to a year for borrowers who offer outdated or false address to loansharks. Flat owners who sublet their flats are also required to provide HDB with details of sub-letting agreement and renewed tenancy or termination. While such efforts to protect the safety of new occupants are commended, one foreseeable issue that would deter homeowners from diligently doing so is the tediousness of doing so for short term tenancy. Perhaps an online system of tenancy updating can be set up. Penalties for failure to do so should be made clear, as with system of tracking. Such preventive tactics will deter otherwise law-abiding citizens like real estate agents from working with loansharks to devise extortionistic means against mis-informed cash-strapped home owners.
On the parliamentary debate as to whether borrowers should be penalised for illegal loans, extensive investigative work should distinguish between those who borrow for sustenance purposes and those who borrow to fuel habits of drug-taking or gambling. In the case of the former, the SPF should not assume they are aware of their legal rights or legal avenues they could consult during economically troubling times. A public education programme could be drawn up by the RC to inform residents of credit unions or legal moneylenders in Singapore. In addition, Singapore can model after the U.K in assigning hotline numbers which provide free advice on alternative recourse for borrowers or those in desperate financial predicaments. In the case of Rezal, a victim of circumstances, simply punishing him would be criminalising him without providing real choices, whilst generating fear in borrowers who will not report the loansharks for fear of being criminalised themselves. The Ministry of Home Affairs must be careful not to unwittingly create such favourable conditions for loansharks to thrive. The government has consistently explained the unfeasibility of unemployment insurance in a highly-industrialised economy like Singapore: that it may encourage exploitative motives. Well then, how else can the government ease micro-level economic stress in unprecedented situations like sudden retrenchment than to allow withdrawal of one's Central Provident Fund to tide him over the downturn? On the other end of the spectrum, he who borrows to fuel a vice should receive due punishment and reformative measures for consciously providing a demand for loansharks to feed on and indirectly disrupting social stability.
Whilst crime prevention techniques abound, criminology theorists concur that crime will never be fully eradicated. In particular, critical criminologists posit that crime is formulated according to the ruling class who have the power to translate their interests into public policy. Critics of legal measures against loansharking question why there are no usury laws in commerce where "junk bonds" and other loans of highly extortionistic nature thrive. This has led economists to argue that the primary means for achieving success is extortion. Indeed, the adage "he who controls debt, controls the world" holds some truth within the capitalism model wherein opportunities are unequally distributed to social groups. This must be recognized and conditions must be made favourable for persons who find themselves under the necessity of borrowing in such circumstances. Only then will justice be maximised in the existing capitalist system.
In conclusion, loansharking has swelled to preponderous proportions, generating millions in revenue whilst victimising people and disrupting community peace. As syndicates evolve, crime prevention tactics need to be refined and strengthened. Loansharking, traditionally linked with gambling, poses an increased threat along with the operation of the casinos. Syndicates need to be closely monitored before more complex organised crime take root here which deteriorates the quality of life. People should instead be steered toward legitimate online loans in the UK instead of feeding the sharks even more.
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Reforming the process for DBS and neurological device approval in rare diseases
Dr. Michael Okun
For some patients with common neurological diseases like Parkinson's disease, treatment using neurotechnological devices such as deep brain stimulation has been successful in improving their symptoms.
But in a new JAMA Neurology Viewpoint article, Michael S. Okun, M.D., UF's chair of neurology, and James Giordano, Ph.D., of Georgetown University, argue that reform is needed in the current U.S. approval process for these devices to treat rare diseases and rare disease subtypes, such as severe Tourette syndrome.
The authors state that increasing knowledge and identification of rare neurological diseases and the expansion and sophistication of available neurotechnological devices necessitate this reform.
"Patients with rare diseases deserve the benefit of available and affordable access to new and evidence-validated technologies," wrote Okun, director of the Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UF Health, and Giordano, chief of the neuroethics studies program at Georgetown.
Read the Viewpoint article in JAMA Neurology.
See Dr. Okun's Zoom interview with NeurologyLive about this topic.
deep brain stimulation, department of neurology, Michael Okun, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases at UF Health, Tourette Syndrome


See, touch and learn about animals and veterinary medicine!
Each year, hundreds of children attend People Pets & Vets to see and touch a variety of different animals and to talk to veterinarians and other animal care providers. They learn about farm animals, exotics, including birds and reptiles, zoo and wild animals and pets kept in the home. Most important of all, they learn to respect ALL animals and to provide proper care.
Among the more than thirty exhibits presented each year are dentistry, leader dogs, microchipping, anatomy, surgery, radiology, parasitology, and emergency care. Children also learn about the importance of grooming, the seriousness of obesity, and the significance of lab animals. They experience unusual pets, such as sugar gliders and llamas. And even take their "wounded" stuffed animals to the Teddy Bear Clinic for surgery.
People, Pets and Vets is an extraordinary educational experience for the entire family . . . and an excellent way to create an awareness of the veterinary profession.
Please don't bring personal pets to the event; there will be plenty of other animals to meet.


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Taher S. Helmy
Helmy, Hamza and Partners
T + 2 02 2461 9301
Taher Helmy has been with the Firm for well over three decades. He is the Co-founder and senior counsel of the Egyptian Law Firm Helmy, Hamza & Partners - Member Firm of Baker & McKenzie International. He is a member of the Illinois and Chicago Bar Associations, is admitted before the Federal Court of the US and was the first Arab lawyer to be admitted before the US Supreme Court in 1979. He is admitted before Egypt's Supreme Court and was admitted to practice in Saudi Arabia in 1979.
He joined the Global Firm of Baker McKenzie in May 1975. In 1981, he was elected full partner in Chicago. He practiced with Baker McKenzie's head office in Chicago for approximately nine years, in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for four years, in Egypt since 1987 and for the past six years between London and Cairo, handling corporate, banking and commercial matters. He co-founded the offices of Baker McKenzie in Riyadh and Cairo. He served as a member of the Strategic Planning Committee, the Global Policy Committee, the EMEA Regional Council of Baker McKenzie and the Gulf Offices Managing Body.
He participated in drafting and reviewing numerous Egyptian legislations as well as the US/Egyptian Investment Treaty. He served on the board of trustees of the Government's Investment Authority and is a member of Egypt's National Production Council.
He is the principal founder and past chairman of the Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, the first independent, private, non-profit economic Think Tank in Egypt. He is the former president of the American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt and former member of the US/Egypt President's Council. He is the former co-chairman of the US-Egypt Business Leaders Forum and founder and member of the executive board of Egypt's International Economic Forum. He is a co-founder of the British Egyptian Businessmen Association and a member of the French Chamber of Commerce.
He is a founder and a member of the Board of Trustees of the British Egyptian Foundation for Children in Need. He served on the Board of the Binational Fulbright commission and also served on the board of the Washington based educational organization Amideast. He currently serves on the Board of Trustees of Nile University in Egypt. He is a founder of the American University in Cairo Legal Masters Program.
He has also served on the board of directors of a number of leading corporations within and outside Egypt. Over the years, he has authored many articles and given numerous seminars and speeches in the United States, Europe and the Middle East on doing business in the Middle East, and on legislative and economic development in Egypt and the region.
Egyptian Center for Economic Studies, the first independent, private, non-profit economic Think Tank in Egypt - Principal founder and past chairman
American Chamber of Commerce in Egypt - Former president
US/Egypt President's Council - Former member
US-Egypt Business Leaders Forum - Former co-chairman
Egypt's International Economic Forum - Member of the executive board
British Egyptian Businessmen Association - Co-founder
French Chamber of Commerce - Member
British Egyptian Foundation for Children in Need - Founder and a member of the board of trustees
Board of the Binational Fulbright - Served on the board
Egypt's Economic Forum - Founder and a member of the executive board
Amideast (Washington based educational organization) - Served on the board
Illinois State Bar Association
Saudi Arabian Bar
Egyptian Bar Association
A former board member in "End Human Trafficking Now" which is a Swiss-based independent international non-profit association that fights human trafficking worldwide.
Taher also provides continuous support for a number of charity originations in UK for example: (i) "Chain of Hope" which is based in London and provide medical help to children worldwide (this organization provides probono open heard surgeries for children in the developing countries. Chain of Hope also provides medical training and medical supplies to hospitals in developing countries relating to heart surgeries); (ii) "Al Fanar" which is based in London as well. It helps the poor people in the developing world particularly Egypt; and (iii) "Lyla Nsouli Foundation" a charity based in London that fights children cancer.
He also helped drafting and reviewing laws and regulations on probono basis in his personal capacity or in his capacity as a member of different business organization.
U.S. Supreme Court~United States (1979)
Saudi Arabia (1979)
Egypt~Egypt (1977)
Illinois~United States (1975)
St. Louis University (J.D.) (1974)
St. Louis University (A.B.) (1971)
Helmy Hamza & Partners is a member of Baker & McKenzie International, a Swiss Verein.


From First Call Child and Youth Advocate Newsletter - The Brain in Mind website focuses on the importance of positive early brain development in giving children the best possible start in life.
By providing opportunities to learn about the latest research and best practices in early childhood brain development, the website aims to increase the capacity of parents, professionals, and policy makers to facilitate positive changes in the lives of children and young adults. The website includes a number of presentations and links to project websites. Visit www.withthebraininmind.org.