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International Trade › Elections & Politics › Civil Remedies
Read need-to-know updates, commentary, and analysis on International Trade issues written by leading professionals.
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The Oldest Reference to Israel
圣经的史前史,目的和政治前景
艾莫利大学
4.7(158 个评分) | 15K 名学生已注册
With its walls razed to ground by Babylon's armies, Jerusalem joined a long line of ancient vanquished cities—from Ur and Nineveh and Persepolis to Babylon itself. While some recovered from the destruction, others did not. But none responded to political catastrophe by fashioning the kind of elaborate and enduring monument to their own downfall that we find in the Bible. Most conquered populations viewed their subjugation as a source of shame. They consigned it to oblivion, opting instead to extol the golden ages of the past. The biblical authors in contrast reacted to loss by composing extensive writings that acknowledge collective failure, reflect deeply upon its causes, and discover thereby a ground for collective hope. Working through colorful biblical and ancient Near Eastern texts, and drawing on an array of comparative examples, the course illustrates the thoroughgoing manner with which biblical authors responded to defeat by advancing a demotic agenda that places the community at the center. The aim of the biblical authors was to create a nation, and they sought to realize this goal via a shared text, which includes stories and songs, wisdom and laws. This corpus of writings belongs, without a doubt, to humanity's greatest achievements. Whereas the great civilizations of the Near East invested their energies and resources into monuments of stone that could be destroyed by invading armies, the biblical authors left a literary legacy that has been intensively studied until the present day. More important, these authors' visionary response to defeat brought to light a radical new wisdom: the notion that a people is greater than the state which governs it, and that a community can survive collapse when all of its members can claim a piece of the pie and therefore have a reason to take an active part in its collective life.
The first of many classes I intend to take on this subject. Please have others.\n\nA great class that brought many new thoughts and many revelations.
Very interesting discussion about the writing of the Hebrew Bible. Particularly enjoyed the interviews with experts in the field.
The Riddle That Has Yet to be Solved
Our larger goal is to understand why the Bible was written. So first we need to take a step back and form a larger view of the world in which the kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged. This module sets the stage for all that follows. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Describe how Israel's geographical location, situated between two great civilizational centers, had a decisive impact on history, 2) Identify why Egypt was interested in Canaan (the land of the Bible), 3) Describe the context in which the oldest references to Israel and places in the land of Israel appear, and 4) Analyze how the withdrawal of Egyptian influence from Canaan made it possible for territorial states (such as Israel and Judah) to emerge in the first millennium BCE.
Defeat and the Response to Defeat2:56
The Oldest Reference to Israel9:17
Dr. Jacob L. Wright
Associate Professor of Hebrew Bible
选择语言塞尔维亚语罗马尼亚语英语(English)西班牙语(Spanish)
So the question that we're now asking is, how did it all begin?
Where does Israel come from and how did the states of Israel and Judah develop.
Okay, so.
Let's ask first, what is the first
historical reference to Israel, outside the Bible?
That is, what is the first reference to the name, Israel, explicitly in a text.
That is in Egypt, Mesopotamia, wherever.
And many of you may know the answer to this question already.
The date is about 1200 BC.
And the place where it was discovered, the text, is the town of
Thebes, way down in southern Egypt, about
800 kilometers south of the Mediterranean coast.
Now before I describe this remarkable reference
to Israel, I want to point out that
that we have much older Egyptian texts that
mention the names of places that would become.
Important towns in Israel's history.
These are the names of places in Canaan, Israel
had not yet developed, but in Canaan, in Southern Canaan.
And that will endure for many centuries thereafter, in
the times of the Biblical kings and so forth.
So one source for these references is the Execration Texts, dating
to Egypt's twelfth dynasty, that is about the nineteenth century B.C..
The Execration texts are really fascinating, really fascinating.
Some are on pottery shards, like broken pieces
of pottery and others are on figurines and
as a kind of sympathetic magic the names
of the enemies of the individual peoples, places, whatever.
In this case the towns of Canaan.
Were written upon these objects and then they were ceremonially
destroyed as curses were pronounced over their names and crashed down.
The idea is that the ritual and the
curse would ensure that these Canaanite towns would not
pose a threat to the Egyptian ruler, and one
did that through this curse and through these ceremonies.
You might be thinking of similar practices when you hear about this.
That you know of in other cultures, in other times and places.
And if you do, please mention them in the discussion.
I would love to hear about them.
So one of these texts, one of
these execration texts, mentions the word ushalim.
And some scholars identify it with the name.
Jerusalem, Jerusalem in hebrew is [FOREIGN].
And "Ushalim" do sound similar.
however, are not convinced by this reading.
So we shouldn't make too much of it.
So what's interesting for our course is the context of these
first references to important towns from the land of the Bible.
And the context is defeat.
And curses calling for the destruction of these places and their inhabitants.
It's quite fascinating.
Now, the second corpus of Egyptian text mentions
places we know from the Bible as well.
And this corpus is in fact our more important source
of knowledge of activities in Canaan in the period directly before.
The many historical changes that gave rise to the kingdoms of Israel and Judah.
We call this text the Armana Letters after the
town of L Armana in Southern Egypt, the Armana Letters.
It was there that this guy the
The great English Egyptologist and archaeologist Flinders Petrie.
Found a collection of about 350 letters.
The year was 1887 and in these letters, several
Egyptian rulers from Amenhotep III, the King Tut who reigned
in the fourteenth century, correspond back and forth with powerful
rulers in the areas of what are now modern Syria.
Turkey and Iraq.
However, the Egyptian kings also write to their town mayors.
That is, men whom they had appointed to oversee numerous towns throughout Canaan.
And, they're kind of their governors, or in their provinces, kind of thing.
In their epistle to the Egyptian court, these local rulers, these mayors.
And towns such as Shkem, Shkem or
Jerusalem, Makido, Gezer, Hebron or Hebron report many
juicy details about their struggles with mayors in
competing towns, and they're very fun to read.
We'll return to them Armana letters later since
they help us imagine what would have happened.
When Egypt relinquished its attempt to exert control over Canaan, the
land of the Bible, and it's very important for that point.
So now, what about the most important reference to
Israel, which was discovered at the town of Thebes?
The reference is found on a royal monument of victory.
Called the Merneptah Stele.
A stele is a big stone that is erected.
And it's named after the Egyptian king Merneptah, who ruled until about 1203 BC.
The monument is inscribed with a text.
And the text is an account of this ruler's military campaign.
Against Libya in the south of Egypt.
Now at the end of the text are three lines that treat another military campaign.
This one into Caanan, in the north.
Now, let me read for you the culmination of the
section of these three lines as translated by Miriam Lichtiem.
The princes are prostrate saying, Shalom.
Not one of the Nine Bows lifts his head.
Tjehenu is vanquished, Khatti at peace, Canaan is captive with all woe.
Askelon is conquered, Gezer seized, Yanoam made nonexistent and here.
Israel is wasted, bare of seed, and then Khor is become a widow for Egypt.
All who roamed about have been subdued by the king of upper and lower Egypt.
Now, the first thing to notice is that
when we examine the hieroglyphs, that is the Egyptian
writing signs, we can see that Ashkelon, Gezer and
Yanoam have a marker or what's called a determinative.
That is used before cities.
It's a throw stick plus three mountains.
In contrast the determinative the sign used for Israel, right before
Israel is a throw stick followed by a sitting man and a
sitting woman above the plural marker, the three vertical lines, but
it does not have the three mountains, as you can see here.
This determinative appears before foreign peoples
who are typically nomadic, rather than urban.
That is, they're not city dwellers.
So Israel is not being noted here as a
city, but rather as a people without a urban center.
Now second.
What we're told about this nomadic population
called Israel is that they are defeated.
Literally, they are wasted, their seed is not.
The word for seed, [FOREIGN] could refer either to Israel's corn and
crops, or it could be a way of describing their biological seed.
Either way, the point is the same, that
the Egyptian King had destroyed their means of survival.
We probably should not take the phrase too literally, since the scribe
was likely attempting to find a poetic way of des, of describing conquest.
It would be similar to the following in line that
I just read, whore has becomes as a widow for Egypt.
This is poetry
And the describer's trying to find different ways of describing conquest.
Less it would be too much to claim as
some have, that Isreal is being describe here
as quote, a rural or sedentary group of agriculturalists,
that is, farmers, without its own urban city-state support system.
This is a quote from Michael Hasel.
We also can not say where these people, where these the people of
Israel are located other than that they are somewhere in the southern Levant.
That is, in the land of the Bible, but even that is not for sure.
They could have been in the trans Jordan that is the
modern Jordan, and so we really don't even know where they're located.
But what's interesting for the theme of our course, which is how Israel reinvented
itself after defeat is, number one, the name of Israel is attested for
the first time outside the Bible in an inscription from 1200 B.C.E. Number
two, the inscription refers to Israel as a non-urban population, not yet a state.
Perhaps nomadic in lifestyle, and most importantly number 3, this
first reference to Israel claims that it has been defeated.
That it's seed is no longer.
If this last point were taken at face
value, then we can stop the course right here.
But, the historical facts prove to be much more complex.
than the monument to King Menerptah's Triumph.
Israel was not wiped out.
It survived.
And as we shall see in coming lectures, it went on to thrive.
And to build a state in a society that lasted for several centuries.
Before another foreign empire destroyed it.
But even then, conquest was not the final word.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: "It was recommended that" + verb in present tense
It was recommended that the international development partners develop guidelines or a roadmap to help countries take the necessary steps to select the right tool for their purposes.

Why is it using present tense "develop" in the sentence which is actually a past tense "It was recommended"?

A: This is not a present-tense form but an instance of what traditional grammar called the mandative subjunctive, one of the last surviving remnants of the subjunctive in English. In subordinate clauses expressing the substance of a command or suggestion or recommendation, the tensed verb employs the bare infinitive form: the infinitive without to.

They recommended that partners develop guidelines.
  She suggests that he dedicate more resources to R&D.
  We order that you be hanged by the neck until you are dead.

Today these subordinate clauses more commonly use should, but the "subjunctive" form is by no means rare, particularly in the most formal contexts.
The tense on the verb in your subordinate clause here does not match that on the verb in the main clause because the two clauses occupy different times and modalities. The recommendation is something which has actually happened, but the development is something which lies in the future and may not happen at all.

A: In my experience, the British more commonly use should and the Americans more commonly use the subjunctive.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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You are here: Main » Evidence suggests Saudi Crown Prince is liable for Khashoggi murder - United Nations
by Monique Johnson	- at June 21, 2019
Agnes Callamard, the special rapporteur for the U.N.'s Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, conducted a five-month investigation into Khashoggi's death last fall at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul.
The 101-page report into the October killing of Mr Khashoggi at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul lays out dozens of recommendations, including calling on United Nations bodies or Secretary-General Antonio Guterres to "demand" a follow-up criminal investigation.
In the months since Khashoggi's death, Saudi officials have exonerated the prince while the assassination has exonerated the crown prince, blaming rogue Saudi agents.
Prominent journalist and vocal Saudi critic Jamal Khashoggi, 59, was killed after entering the Saudi consulate in Istanbul last October.
FILE PHOTO: Saudi Arabia's Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman attends the opening of the G20 leaders summit in Buenos Aires, Argentina November 30, 2018.
Ms Callamard also determined that there was "credible evidence, warranting further investigation of high-level Saudi officials' individual liability, including the crown prince's", according to the report.
Senators unanimously passed the resolution in a direct rebuke to the Crown Prince and called for the Saudi Arabian government to "ensure appropriate accountability".
Khashoggi - who was never mentioned by name in the audio - was visiting the consulate to pick up papers to marry his Turkish fiancee, who waited for him outside the consulate before raising the alarm after he failed to emerge after several hours.
On top of the 101-page report's (pdf) conclusion that the Saudi kingdom is responsible for the killing, Callamard's findings also provided "chilling" new details of the final moments leading to Khashoggi's murder a year ago. His spokesman, Stephane Dujarric, said Guterres does not have the authority to do so without a mandate from an inter-governmental body.
Mutreb described Khashoggi as a "sacrificial animal", according to audio obtained by Callamard.
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Airing concerns about the Saudi judicial process, Callamard called for a suspension of the trial.
"Mr. Khashoggi's killing constituted an extrajudicial killing for which the State of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is responsible", Callamard's report said.
Callamard, an academic and rights advocate, noted limitations on her inquiry, which began in January.
Mutreb and 10 others are now standing trial in closed hearings in Saudi Arabia for their role in the crime.
The CIA has concluded that bin Salman very likely ordered the murder himself, based in part on the same understanding of his power over all actions taken by the Saudi security apparatus which Callamard referenced.
She also called on the United States to open an FBI investigation and pursue criminal prosecutions within the United States.
Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman poses during a group picture ahead of Islamic Summit of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, in June. USA officials say that, in an intercepted phone call, a member of the assassination team told one of the prince's aides to "tell your boss" that the mission had been accomplished.
These sanctions "fail to correspond to the gravity of the crime or to the fact that the state of Saudi Arabia is ultimately responsible for the violation of Mr. Khashoggi's right to life", she said.
"Failure to do so sends the message that journalists can be murdered with impunity".
Callamard said current sanctions do not go far enough and "fail to address the central questions of command and of senior leadership's responsibilities for and associated with the execution".
'Extraordinary woman' Gloria Vanderbilt, socialite and fashion icon, dies aged 95
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Fatal tower crane incident in Dallas
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High times in ancient China revealed in funerary cannabis discovery
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All the Islanders are therefore fully supported by the professionals on site and by their friends in the villa. A further 302 complaints were made regarding the isolation of Lucie Donlan by other contestants on the show.
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It was Ertz's first World Cup goal and came with her husband Zach Ertz, a tight end for the Philadelphia Eagles, looking on. It was a different look for the U.S.as there were seven lineup changes to the starting 11 from the last game .
Daily rituals remain unhindered at Somnath Temple amid cyclone alert in Gujarat
Although the brunt of the cyclone will not hit Gujarat , heavy rains and strong winds have lashed sections of the state's coast. Damage potential winds with the speed of 135 kmph-145 kmph gusting up to 160 kmph likely by the afternoon of June 13.
Modi to avoid Pakistani airspace despite getting permission
Khan has twice written to Prime Minister Modi, seeking resumption of dialogue on all issues, including on Kashmir. Modi and Kyrgyz President Sooronbay Jeenbekov jointly inaugurated the India-Kyrgyz Business Forum.
Hammonds Plains native Brad Marchand left 'disappointed' after game seven loss
At the same time, about 1,000 miles to the west, Phish was about to kick off its second set at Chaifetz Arena in St. You know, they just took our dream, our lifetime dream from us, and everything we've worked for our entire lives.
Facebook will pay you to gather information from you
Richard Blumenthal's office, Facebook acknowledged that it collected data on 31,000 users in the U.S. , including 4,300 teenagers. The social media giant is working with its long-time partner Applause to manage the logistics of this market research app.
Manchester United make "substantial" bid for Aaron Wan-Bissaka
The Red Devils have already been linked with a host of defenders since the conclusion of the Premier League season. Should the Englishman be signed, it could also spell the end for Young's time at Old Trafford.
Hegerberg-less Norway canter past Nigeria
Despite the big win, Norway occupy second spot in the group after France's 4-0 win over Korea Republic on Friday evening. Giulia Gwinn got the only goal of the game six minutes after the hour mark to seal three points for the Germans.
If Blues Lose Stanley Cup to Bruins, They Can Blame St
If the Blues blow the series and lose the Cup to the Bruins with a 3-2 lead, expect all the attention to shift towards the St. Louis hoping to celebrate the franchise's first-ever championship - Rask needed to be better than he had ever been before.
New US sanctions target Iran's petrochemical industry
The United States pulled out of the 2015 deal - the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action - a year ago and reinstated its sanctions. America's John Huddy reports on the increasing tensions.
And Mexico have signed immigration agreement
Officials from the Department of Homeland Security were working to spread the program along the border before the latest blowup. Border agents detained or turned back more than 144,000 migrants at the southwest border in May, U.S.
Hundreds of thousands gather in downtown Toronto for Raptors parade, rally
PM May would not repeat criticism of London Mayor - spokesman
Massive power outage hits Argentina, Uruguay
Blues' Championship Ranks High in Stanley Cup Game History
Google is changing how Google Photos and Google Drive work soon
North Korean leader's half brother was reportedly an informant for the Central Intelligence Agency
No expansion yet of U.S.-Mexico asylum program after Trump deal
Xbox Game Pass Ultimate Discounted to $1; Combines Current Subscriptions
Nintendo E3 2019 Games: Zelda, Pokemon, Luigi's Mansion, And More
Dominican Republic mystery deepens after third United States tourist dies of respiratory failure
Russia says submersible fire tragedy is 'state secret'
Japan orders over a million to evacuate amid torrential rains
Senior MEP Has A Strong Message For Boris Johnson And Jeremy Hunt
Von der Leyen confirmed as new Commission president by paper-thin majority
Jofra Archer grieving over cousin during England's Cricket World Cup success
Korean Intelligence Think Tank Analyzes New N. Korean Constitution
Russian S-400 defense systems arrive in Turkey
Labor Secretary Alex Acosta defends handling of Jeffrey Epstein case
Rule of law in Venezuela 'eroded': UN rights chief


text:
Home Times
Teenagers in The Times: December 2021
onlinefreecourse - January 7, 2022
Teenagers in The Times: November 2021
Teenagers in The Times: October 2021
onlinefreecourse - November 6, 2021
Teenagers in The Times: September 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - October 9, 2021 0
With the start of a new school year, September is always a busy month for our Teenagers in The Times roundup. Every month, on the first Thursday, we publish this list of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. For ideas about how to use Teenagers…
Teenagers in The Times: August 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - September 3, 2021 0
Here is the August edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Teenagers in The Times: May 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - June 2, 2021 0
Here is the May edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month during the school year.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with…
Teenagers in The Times: April 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - May 8, 2021 0
Here is the April edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Teenagers in The Times: March 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - April 2, 2021 0
Here is the March edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Teenagers in The Times: February 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - March 5, 2021 0
Here is the February edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Teenagers in The Times: January 2021
Times onlinefreecourse - February 4, 2021 0
Here is the January edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Film Club: 'An Ode to the Before Times'
Times onlinefreecourse - January 8, 2021 0
Students in U.S. high schools can get free digital access to The New York Times until Sept. 1, 2021."An Ode to the Before Times" is a three-minute animated film that touches on themes of loss, nostalgia, hope and our heroic struggle to keep sane amid our terrifying present reality. In the video, Tala Schlossberg, a…
Times onlinefreecourse - December 8, 2020 0
Here is the November edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Times onlinefreecourse - November 6, 2020 0
Here is the October edition of Teenagers in The Times, a roundup of the news and feature stories about young people that have recently appeared across sections of NYTimes.com. We publish a new edition on the first Thursday of each month.For ideas about how to use Teenagers in The Times with your students, please see…
Updates to our Learn the Command Line Course
Meet Ko Nyi Nyi, our Myanmar language translator!
onlinefreecourse - July 6, 2020 0
The Business of Mental Health
Learning With: 'Which Box Do You Check? Some States Are Offering a Nonbinary Option'
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text:
Q: How to make integration test with neo4j spring data rest and Neo4jRepository using Spock Here is the test I am trying to run using test containers
@Testcontainers
class UserIntTest extends Specification {

   @Autowired
   private UserDao userDao

   @Shared
   private static Neo4jContainer neo4jContainer = new Neo4jContainer()
           .withAdminPassword(null); // Disable password

   def "sample test integration user test"() {
      given: " a user to persist"
      String email = "test@test.com"
      String username = "Test"
      String password = "encrypted"
      String firstName = "John"
      String lastName = "Doe"
      User user = createUser(email, username, password, firstName, lastName, null)

      when: "I persist the user"
      def userdb = userDao.save(user)

      then:
      userdb.getEmail() == email
   }
}

But when I run the test I have the following error:
java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke method save() on null object

    at com.capstone.moneytree.controller.UserIntTest.sample test integration user test(UserIntTest.groovy:37)

Process finished with exit code 255

Which, from my understandnig, it is because the UserDao is not initialized. My userDao looks like that:
@Repository
public interface UserDao extends Neo4jRepository<User, Long> {

    List<User> findAll();

    User findUserById(Long id);

    User findUserByEmailAndUsername(String email, String username);

    User findUserByEmail(String email);
}

any idea on how to make it work?

A: As suggested in the comments, you need to configure the Spring test runner, so that the usual Spring annotations (such as @Autowired) kick in and the application context loads with your repository beans.
Fortunately, just annotating your test class with @SpringBootTest or @DataNeo4jTest is enough, as those annotations include the test runner annotation as well.
Note: you should pick the most specific test annotation (if you test only your repositories, @DataNeo4jTest is enough).
Specifically for Spock, you also need to pull the spock-spring dependency, as documented here.


text:
George Washington Papers
Documents filtered by: Author="Robert Cary & Company" AND Recipient="Washington, George" AND Period="Colonial"
To George Washington from Robert Cary & Co., 13 February 1765 [letter not found]
Letter not found: from Robert Cary & Co., 13 Feb. 1765. On 20 Sept. GW wrote to them: "It cannot reasonably be imagined that I felt any pleasing Sensations upon the receipt of your Letter of the 13th of February."
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-07-02-0221
Note: The annotations to this document, and any other modern editorial content, are copyright © The Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia. All rights reserved.
Washington Papers
Robert Cary & Company
"To George Washington from Robert Cary & Co., 13 February 1765 [letter not found]," Founders Online, National Archives, accessed September 29, 2019, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Washington/02-07-02-0221. [Original source: The Papers of George Washington, Colonial Series, vol. 7, 1 January 1761 – 15 June 1767, ed. W. W. Abbot and Dorothy Twohig. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990, p. 353.]
From Washington to Robert Cary & Company [20 November 1764]
From Robert Cary & Company to Washington [13 February 1765]
All correspondence between Washington and Robert Cary & Company


text:
US and China agree to cut greenhouse emissions by 2025
12 November 2014	(Last Updated November 12th, 2014 18:30)
The United States and China, the biggest emitter of carbon dioxide, have announced their negotiated commitments to slash greenhouse gas emissions.
The United States and China, the world's biggest emitters of carbon dioxide, have announced their negotiated commitments to slash greenhouse gas emissions.
Chinese President Xi Jinping has agreed to reduce emissions for the first time. He has pledged to do this by 2030 or even earlier. Meanwhile, US president Barack Obama committed to deeper reductions by 2025.
This would provide a fillip to global efforts to reduce emissions beyond 2020 ahead of the United Nations meeting to be held in Paris in 2015.
China has previously only pledged to decrease the surging growth of emissions, but now it has made a stronger commitment. It has also agreed to generating 20% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030.
"As the world's two largest economies, energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases, we have a special responsibility to lead the global effort against climate change."
The US has also committed that by 2025 it would cut emissions by 26%-28% below the levels of 2005, reports The Guardian.
The EU has already backed a binding target of 40% cut in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030.
At a joint press conference with Jinping, Obama was quoted by CNN as saying: "As the world's two largest economies, energy consumers and emitters of greenhouse gases, we have a special responsibility to lead the global effort against climate change."
Obama, who is in China for the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) conference, expects that this negotiated deal will inspire other nations to effectively cut down emissions.
"We hope to encourage all major economies to be ambitious, all countries, developing and developed, to work across some of the old divides, so we can conclude a strong global climate agreement next year," Obama said.
Following the announcement, Jinping was quoted by BBC as saying to reporters: "We agreed to make sure that international climate change negotiations will reach an agreement in Paris."
ERG Air Pollution Control Ltd
Industrial Gas Treatment, Flue Gas Cleaning and Industrial Odour Control Systems
METKA (EPC BUSINESS UNIT, MYTILINEOS S.A.)
International Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) Contractor


A legend is way more than just a good story with Nike x Undercover Gyakusou. Discover what it takes to build a legendary collaboration.
Oldblue Co. is an Indonesian denim brand with a single most important inspiration: jeans with a real work purpose. Read our interview with one of the brand's founders.


text:
Q: grouping elements in tkinter Is there a way to group elements in tkinter under single ID?
For example, if I want an 'S' with a line striking through it. Is there a way to store both the line and the character under the same id?
Alternatively, is there a way to create a costume (simple) shapes for tkinter?
Edit:
I wish to do this on a canvas widget

A: Tkinter Canvas objects do allow you to create "simple" objects (anything you can draw using canvas items.  Then you can group your objects together using tags.

A: If you are specifically asking for text with an overstrike, you can create a custom font that has the overstrike attribute set.
In a more general sense, you cannot have one id shared between two objects on the canvas, but you can have two objects share the same tag, and tags can be used just about anywhere an id can be used (ie: for changing colors, coordinates, deleting, etc)


text:
Home>News>Enhancing the image of Rodrigues as a tourist destination
Enhancing the image of Rodrigues as a tourist destination
Date:	October 28, 2016
Domain:Tourism
Persona: Business; Citizen; Government; Non-Citizen
GIS - 28 October, 2016: A promotional campaign geared towards enhancing the image of Rodrigues as a tourist destination kicked off yesterday at Labourdonnais Hotel in Port-Louis. This three-day campaign on the theme 'Rodrigues Naturellement' will focus on traditional dance and music and the authentic feature of the Island as a tourist destination.
The objective of this campaign, organised by the Deputy Chief Commissioner's Office, in collaboration with the Commission for Tourism, Air Mauritius and other stakeholders, is to showcase and enhance the unique assets of Rodrigues and to incite Mauritian tourists to discover the island. Seeking to achieve a target of 100,000 tourists this year, this event will tap in a potential niche market in Mauritius.
The Commissioner for Tourism, Rodrigues Assembly, Mr Richard Payendee, who was present at the opening ceremony, said that Rodrigues should be publicised as an island that should be visited at least once in a lifetime.
According to him, the promotional campaign is the ideal platform for Rodrigues to benefit from maximum visibility as a tourist destination. At the core of this campaign is the opportunity to establish fruitful business contacts with tour operators in Mauritius. On that score, he called for more collaborative work between Mauritius and Rodrigues as both islands complement each other, in order to strengthen the tourist industry.
For his part, the Director of Rodrigues Tourism Office, Mr Phillipe Francois, while recalling the strong tourist market that already exists in Mauritius, underscored the need to further exploit and reinforce this promising market by renewing and updating the image of Rodrigues. With 42,867 Mauritian tourists out of 64,197 tourists in 2015, Mauritius remains the lead market for Rodrigues.
In line with its promotional strategy and to further exploit the opportunities and increase the visibility of Rodrigues on the international scene, similar campaigns in Reunion Island and France are also planned.
Second edition of La Tournée Rodriguaise
The Commission for tourism is leading a delegation of 100 participants at the second edition of La Tournée Rodriguaise 2016. The first edition was held on 20-22 April 2016 comprising the same range of activities devised to project the authentic culture of Rodrigues. Mauritius is hosting this event from the 27 to 29 October 2016.
A series of activities showcasing its authentic culture has been planned for this campaign spanning over 3 days, from 27 to 29 October. They comprise road shows, cultural shows, distribution of promotional materials, authentic creole cuisine and sales exhibition of crafts and entrepreneurial products and a 'Soiree Rodriguaise' with traditional creole music and dance. A workshop on Tourism is also on the agenda.
Government Information Service, Prime Minister's Office, Level 6, New Government Centre, Port Louis, Mauritius. Email: gis@govmu.org Website:http://gis.govmu.org
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text:
Q: what happens when aarch64 assembly kernel code terminates? I am writing a kernel for a raspi3 and simulating it with QEMU4.0.0
I know that when writing a kernel, you usually have forever looping code. In my case I spinlock 3 out of 4 of my emulated raspi3 cores with:
1:   wfe
     b    1b

And in the main C program I have my last core running a while(1) loop where it just echoes stdin keystrokes
However, it occurred to me that the reason to spinlock cores is so that they don't execute code they shouldn't, i.e. code further down the Aarch64 assembly kernel file. Couldn't I just send the cores to the end of the file, where no more instructions exist to be run?
1:
//EOF

I tried this, and it compiled and ran (at least in QEMU4.0.0), but now I am curious as to what exactly happens when the instruction pointer finds nothing more to do.
What happens when the core reaches the end of the assembly file? Does it stop? Does it start reading whatever is next in memory? Is the emulator smarter than I am and handles it for me in a way real hardware wouldn't?

A: CPUs run code from memory, not from files. If the CPU "falls off" the end of a program that was loaded into memory, it will start attempting to execute code from the memory following your program. Since this memory will probably not contain valid code, the processor is likely to throw an invalid instruction exception. However, it is also possible that the data following your program will coincidentally be valid code, and that code may cause the system to behave unpredictably -- so adding a spin loop at the end of your program is a good idea.


Imperium: Augustus is a 2003 joint British-Italian production, and part of the Imperium series. It tells of the life story of Octavian and how he became Augustus. Half the film takes place in the past (as Augustus explains to his daughter Julia how he became who he was) and the other half takes place in the later life of Augustus.
The drama starred Peter O'Toole as Augustus, Charlotte Rampling as Livia, Vittoria Belvedere as Julia, Ken Duken as Marcus Agrippa, Benjamin Sadler as Octavian (young Augustus) and Juan Diego Botto as Iullus Antonius. It was filmed in Tunisia. The film was produced by EOS Entertainment and Lux Vide for RAI, Telecinco and ZDF.
As Augustus lies on his death bed, he recalls the events that led to the exile of his daughter, Julia.
Following an assassination attempt on his life, Marcus Agrippa, Augustus's oldest friend and Julia's husband and father to her children, is called back to Rome for his protection. However, he dies of a fever on his way back to Rome. Upon hearing the news Augustus consoles Julia by recalling his rise to power along with Agrippa.
Following their success serving Julius Caesar, Octavius's great-uncle, during the final battle of Caesar's Civil War, they are sent to Macedonia together along with Maecenas to continue their education as soldiers and diplomats. However, shortly after, they hear news of the Caesar's assassination and that Octavius has been named his heir, forcing them to return to Rome.
In the ensuing power struggle that follows Caesar's death, Octavius is forced to ally himself with Mark Antony, Caesar's right-hand man. In their pursuit of Marcus Junius Brutus, Gaius Cassius Longinus and their co-conspirators, a wave of executions spread across Rome, practically eliminates the old Roman ruling class, including Cicero and Livia's father. After the battle of Battle of Phillipi, Octavius and Mark Antony divide government of the Empire between the two of them, with Antony taking Egypt and Octavius taking Rome. Octavius marries Scribona, while Antony marries Octavius's elder sister, Octavia. However, following Julia's birth, Octavius leaves her to marry Livia, which to present day Julia resents.
Governing Rome with Maecenas and Agrippa, they work to improve Rome's infrastructure by implementing Agrippa's skills as an architect and Maecenas's knowledge of law and politics. However, Antony becomes the lover of the Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, and being taken in by the Egyptian culture of divinity, he abandons Octavia and declares war on Rome. Eventually, Egypt is conquered by Octavius, Agrippa, and Maecenas following the Battle of Actium. However, while Agrippa wishes to reinstate the Republic, Maecenas wishes for Octavius to become the emperor of Rome. Octavius is given the title Augustus and is acknowledged as the sole-ruler of the Empire but refuses the title of king.
In the present day, several months after Agrippa's death, Augustus and Livia force Julia to marry Livia's son, Tiberius. Neither are happy with the arrangement as Tiberius is happily married and Julia is in love with Iullus, Mark Antony's son whom Augustus spared following the conquest of Rome and was raised by Octavia. In order to spare Julia's feelings, Augustus sends Tiberius to Gaul while telling Julia that she can continue her relationship with Iullus provided they are discreet. Unbeknownst to either of them, Iullus is conspiring to assassinate Augustus along with Julia's half-brother, Scipio, as revenge for Augustus's crimes against their parents.
Upon learning of Julia's relationship with Iullus, Tiberius returns to Rome in a rage to confront her for dishonoring him. When she refuses to submit to him, he attacks and rapes her. Julia suffers a mental breakdown afterward, confiding in Iullus that she wishes her father would die so her suffering would end. Iullus and Scripo conspire to kill Augustus for Julia's sake as well as their own. Tiberius, who is planning to kill Iullus for infidelity with his wife, overhears the plot and informs his mother. Livia decides that they will catch Iullus in the act and in doing so would rid themselves of Julia, focusing Augustus to accept Tiberius as his successor.
The assassination plan is foiled when the noise alerts Livia, Julia and Tiberius to the scene. Tiberius fatally wounds Iullus and saves Augustus just as Julia enters. Before he dies, Iullus tells Julia, "I did it for you."
Although Julia was unaware of the plot, Augustus demands the Senate exile her for adultery. Informing her of his decision to banish her, he insists on keeping her children. Before she leaves Julia tells Augustus it would have been kinder to kill her at birth rather and that she, at least, loves her children enough not to use them as he has with her. Shortly after Julia is exiled, both her sons die of fever.
Back on his deathbed, Augustus calls out for Julia. She reveals that she has returned to Rome in disguise and goes to his bedside though she refuses to take his hand. However, when he asks her "Did I play my part well in the comedy of life?" she takes the death mask from Livia, kisses his forehead and places it herself over Augustus's smiling dead face.
Imperium: Augustus has received criticism for its historical accuracy on the characters and the events that happened, but has been made popular due to the exciting soap opera feeling the drama has. Among its many criticisms is the way Augustus' daughter, Julia, was portrayed. While the character herself is similar in terms of personality, her behaviour with other men is not drawn entirely as history recalls her. Modern historians however have come to see Julia as a much more tragic character than history tells her as, and therefore a number of the changes made to her character is justified. Near the end the Julia scandal breaks and Iullus tries to assassinate Augustus. In reality he never came close and was the only of Julia's lovers that did not get exiled. His fate was far worse, being tried for treason and sentenced to death. He committed suicide before they could execute him. Iullus was also not in Egypt to be spared as the film portrayed.
Octavian has Caesar's son with Cleopatra and only one of Antony's children executed. Although it accurately shows Octavian sparing the children and sending them to live with his sister, Iullus was one of Antony's children who stayed in Athens with Octavia when Antony ran back to Cleopatra and divorced Octavia. Another change made for drama was when Julia came to see her father from exile while he was on his death bed. In reality she died the same year as Augustus but never returned to Rome.
This page was last edited on 11 February 2018, at 20:34 (UTC).


Geohot has just released his Limera1n jailbreak for Mac OS X. Limera1n supports the iPhone 4, iPhone 3GS, iPod Touch 4G, iPod Touch 3G, iPad, and AppleTV (limited). Remember if you require an unlock do not upgrade to iOS 4.1, you will need to wait for the next PwnageTool release. The only exception is the iPhone 4 which could be upgraded to iOS 4.1 without updating the baseband.