How do you manage a presentation that's too big? You break it down into smaller parts. This step-by-step guide demonstrates how to structure your PowerPoint presentation in both editing and viewing mode. See how to combine slides into logical groups, create an interactive table of contents for non-linear navigation, and more.
In the list of slides, right-click on the one where you want the new section to begin, and select Add Section from the drop-down menu.
Now right-click on where it says Untitled Section, and select Rename Section. After that, type in the name of the section.
If necessary, repeat the process to create and name other sections.
To shift a section, right-click on its name and use the Move Section Up and Move Section Down options.
To collapse or expand a certain section, click on the collapse icon to the left of the section name. You can also minimize and maximize all sections at once by right-clicking on the section name and choosing Collapse All or Expand All.
You can also access these settings by choosing Slide Sorter under the VIEW tab.
Such segmentation is a great way to overview the logical flow of your slides all at once and see if there are any changes required. For example, you may decide to break one slide into two or three, or the other way around.
One more way to structure a PowerPoint presentation in the editing mode is to use Outline View. You can choose it from the VIEW tab.
This view doesn't display sections, but it shows you the title and main text of each slide, which can give you a quick overview of the presentation contents. Here you can go through all the text and instantly edit it. You can also work with text (on the left) and slides (on the right) simultaneously, as the latter is shown on the right side of your screen.
Note that to be displayed in an outline, text needs to be typed in a text placeholder, not a text box. A text placeholder is a box with the words "Click to add text" or "Click to add title", and it appears when you choose a standard layout.
You can also use Outline View to promote bullet text to titles and the other way around. To do that, right-click on a relevant title or text and select the Promote or Demote options.
Be attentive about demoting a title, as this will delete the original slide and move its title and text to the adjacent slide.
PowerPoint only allows users to promote and demote text, not entire slides. Therefore, there's no possibility to change the hierarchical order of slides.
All the aforementioned tips help you organize a presentation when formatting it. However, it's crucial that your viewers can easily navigate through the presentation too. One sure way to provide them with this opportunity is to create an interactive and structured table of contents.
You can insert a table of contents into the title slide or a blank one. To add a slide, click on New Slide on the ribbon, and choose the Title and Content layout.
For the chapters, you will need to use the titles of the slides. This is where the now familiar Outline View comes in handy. You can access it from the VIEW tab.
Right-click anywhere on the outline pane, and choose Collapse, then Collapse All. This way only the titles are displayed.
Press Ctrl+A to select all the names, and Ctrl+C to copy them.
Press Ctrl+V to paste the copied titles on the desired slide. In case there are too many titles and they don't fit onto a single page, you can divide the table of contents into two columns or place it on two slides.
Now select and right-click the title of the first slide and choose Hyperlink.
In the open window, click on Place in This Document on the left-hand menu, then choose the corresponding slide and click OK.
You will need to repeat this procedure to link all the chapters to corresponding slides. For more information, read this step-by-step guide on how to add a hyperlink in PowerPoint.
Go to the VIEW tab and choose Slide Master.
Choose the first slide on the left, then open the INSERT tab on the ribbon, click on Shapes, and under Action Buttons select the Home button.
Place the Home button anywhere on your slide – that's where it will appear on all of them. Once you've placed it, the Action Settings window will appear. Under Hyperlink to: choose Slide… from the drop-down menu.
Choose the slide with the table of contents, and click on OK.
Go back to the Slide Master tab and click on Close the Master View.
Now there's a single page from which all the other ones can be easily accessed. At the same time, it's possible to go back to the table of contents at any time with the intuitive Home button.
Depending on the size of your presentation, creating an interactive outline may take a varying amount of time, as you will need to add hyperlinks to every chapter manually. Be aware that if you rename a slide or simply delete it, these changes will not be automatically made in the table of contents. For example, if you delete a slide, its title will still be displayed in the table of contents, but clicking on it won't lead viewers anywhere.
Creating a table of contents manually may be a good idea only for a small presentation. But what if you have 122 slides? It would be then unnecessarily time- and energy-consuming. That's why instead of manually creating a table of contents, we took advantage of iSpring Suite 8 and simply enabled the automatic outline.
Download a free trial of iSpring Suite 8.
Open PowerPoint and switch to the iSpring Suite 8 tab.
Click on Presentation Explorer on the toolbar.
Here you can see the slide titles. Unlike in PowerPoint, you can give a slide any name regardless of the text in the placeholder. You can also organize slides into a hierarchy by changing their nesting levels. To do that, select any slide(s) and click on the Promote or Demote buttons on the toolbar.
To collapse or expand nested slides, use the "-" and "+" icons to the left of a top level slide. The arranged slides can also be easily minimized and maximized during presentation playback, since they appear as menus and sub-menus in the outline.
With iSpring Suite, you can turn a linear presentation into an engaging non-linear scenario. For that, select a slide and click on the Branching button on the ribbon. Now choose the corresponding slides for users' forward and backward actions, or None to lock navigation.
Quizzes created with iSpring Suite can use the branching option too. This way, learners can be taken to different presentation slides based on their quiz results. In the Object column, click on Quiz and then Branching.
Select the corresponding slides that learners will see On pass and On fail. For example, you may prompt them to view the presentation again if the quiz was taken, but not passed.
When you have configured the Presentation Explorer settings, click on Save & Close in the upper-left corner.
On the iSpring Suite toolbar, click on Publish.
Here you can choose from a set of ready-made templates. To preview any template, simply click its name in the left pane.
To customize the chosen template, click on Layout on the ribbon. Here you can define what elements to display and where. For example, for our presentation we have hidden the Presenter Video feature and the Top Bar.
To adjust the outline appearance, click on Outline on the ribbon, and select what options to include.
We recommend leaving Enable Search marked, as this will allow viewers to search for any content at any time, including text on the slides. This is especially useful for large presentations with a lot of text.
If you have previously arranged slides into multiple levels in the Presentation Explorer, then leave Multilevel outline marked. This way the outline will display the nesting structure of the presentation, facilitating navigation. You can learn more about the other outline options here.
Customize the color scheme and edit text using the Colors and Text Labels options on the ribbon, respectively.
When you have finished configuring the player, click on Save & Close in the upper-left corner.
Now you can publish your enhanced presentation to Web formats (under Output Formats) to make it easily accessible via a browser on any device, or for an LMS. To open your presentation online, you can use one of these three online services.
While a standard PowerPoint slideshow is straightforward and limited, iSpring Suite 8 saves viewers from having to follow a strict slide order. An interactive and searchable outline allows non-linear navigation, where any information can be accessed at any time and at a glance.
The Internet is full of tips on how to develop an ideal structure for your PowerPoint presentation: from starting with a strong opening to using a concise language. But how do you actually implement those ideas technically? At the end of the day, no matter how expertly you outlined the content in your mind, it's the real outline that counts. Use these practical guidelines to organize your presentation in a clear and simple way.


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Sealaska Scholarship Payments Benefit Full, Part-time and Vo-Tech Students
Sealaska scholarship recipient Jackie Ohmer.
Sealaska announced today that its scholarship program will support 415 full- and part-time students and students enrolled in vocational-technical programs for the 2021-2022 academic year. Sealaska is pleased to support students financially, especially during a year of where many are facing financial uncertainty, and proud to see so many individuals seeking higher education.
In partnership with Sealaska Heritage Institute (SHI), Sealaska invests in educational programs that benefit Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian people. We were able to increase individual awards this year with the addition of $12.5 million to the scholarship endowment fund in the past two years. Scholarship funding comes from the investment performance of Sealaska's Scholarship Endowment fund which Sealaska established in 1989. Together, we directed over $1 million to students for the 2021-2022 academic year.
"Shareholders have told us that education and vocational scholarships are a top priority," said Sealaska President and CEO Anthony Mallott. "In 2020, the Sealaska board added $2.5 million to our scholarship endowment fund, bringing the total size of the endowment to $20 million. We are committed to continuing and increasing our support for shareholders and descendants pursuing higher education and career development opportunities."
Mallott added words of encouragement to students who had to take a break in their studies during the past year due to the difficulties imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. "Please do not give up on your studies," Mallott said. "We need your ingenuity, thoughtfulness and skill in our region and beyond. When you are ready and able to return to school, our scholarship funds will be waiting for you."
The pursuit of educational goals and the desire to increase your knowledge is critical to moving our Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian people forward. Our culture has a long and rich history because of the discipline to train and strengthen ourselves. We will continue to thrive with individuals like you investing in yourself through learning and developing your skills.
"Individual awards have continued to grow since 2016," said SHI President Rosita Worl. "Scholarship amounts have more than doubled in the last five years despite an increase in recipients."
Since 2019, part-time students are eligible for scholarships.
Scholarships are awarded to students enrolled at graduate schools, four-year colleges and other types of post-secondary programs.
Scholarships are funded by Sealaska and administered by Sealaska Heritage Institute.
The scholarship program is open to descendants — not just shareholders.
Sealaska provides scholarships for students pursuing vocational technical training
About Sealaska's Scholarship Program
Sealaska is dedicated to advancing the opportunities of our people through access to higher education and vocational training. The Sealaska scholarship program serves shareholders and descendants enrolled full- or part-time in vocational-technical programs and accredited colleges and universities. To date, Sealaska has awarded approximately 11,000 scholarships totaling $20 million. For full program information and eligibility requirements, please visit MySealaska.com/Services/Scholarship.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Habakkak 2:2-3
DrGretchenTorbertPhD
Tag Archives: success
Find time for you!
Meditation is important and vital for efficient and productive progress. Taking time to mediate to listen and to pray to talk will lead to optimum success and unorthodox expeditions in your life. I take a significant amount of time each day to mediate, speak affirmations and to pray.
Tags: affirmations, meditation, prayer, success
From nothing to greatness!
A number of successful people have found themselves overextended and ended up filing for bankruptcy, only to successfully stick it out and find firmer financial footing again.
Here are a few famous names who knew what it's like to be strapped for cash:
1. Abraham Lincoln
His face may now appear on the penny, but at one time, Lincoln didn't have a single cent to spare. Lincoln tried many occupations as a young man, including buying a general store in New Salem, Illinois, in 1832.
While he may have been terrific at splitting rails, winning debates, and wearing stovepipe hats, Honest Abe wasn't much of a shopkeeper. Lincoln and his partner started buying out other stores' inventories on credit, but their own sales were dismal. Mental Floss: How ex-presidents make ends meet
As the store's debts mounted, Lincoln sold his share, but when his partner died, the future President became liable for $1,000 in back payments. Lincoln didn't have modern bankruptcy laws to protect him, so when his creditors took him to court, he lost his two remaining assets: a horse and some surveying gear. That wasn't enough to foot his bill, though, and Lincoln continued paying off his debts until well into the 1840s.
Lincoln's not alone in the annals of bankrupt commanders-in-chief, though. Ulysses S. Grant went bankrupt after leaving office when a partner in an investment-banking venture swindled him.
Thomas Jefferson filed for bankruptcy several times, including after leaving office, possibly because he threw around a lot of cash on food and wine.
William McKinley went bankrupt while serving as Ohio's governor in 1893; he was $130,000 in the red before eventually straightening out with the help of friends. He won the White House just three years later. iReport.com: What are you doing to keep your job?
2. Henry Ford
Speculation abounds about the future of the Big Three motor companies, leading some observers to wonder what Henry Ford would think of this financial peril. Ford actually couldn't be too judgmental, though, because he was no stranger to debt himself.
In 1899 the young mechanic and engineer started the Detroit Automobile Company with the backing of three prominent politicians. Ford hadn't quite mastered the innovation and production techniques that would eventually make him rich, though. Over the next two years, Ford proved to be too much of a perfectionist, and his plant only produced 20 cars as he painstakingly tinkered with designs.
The enterprise went bankrupt in 1901 and reorganized into the Henry Ford Company later that year. Ford eventually left that group and finally got things right in 1903, when he founded the Ford Motor Company. Things didn't go so badly for the Henry Ford Company after he left, either; it changed its name into one you might find a bit more recognizable: the Cadillac Automobile Company.
Ford wasn't the only auto magnate who knew how bankruptcy felt, though. General Motors founder William Crapo Durant took a massive hit during the Great Depression that saw his fortune fall from $120 million to bankruptcy. He spent his last few years running a bowling alley in Flint, Michigan.
3. Walt Disney
His name may be a stalwart brand today, but early in his career, Disney was just a struggling filmmaker with too many bills. In 1922 he started his first film company with a partner in Kansas City, Kansas.
The two men bought a used camera and made short advertising films and cartoons under the studio name Laugh-O-Gram. Disney even signed a deal with a New York company to distribute the films he was producing. That arrangement didn't work out so well, though, as the distributor cheated Disney's studio.
Without the distributor's cash, Disney couldn't cover his overhead, and his studio went bankrupt in 1923. He then left Kansas City for Hollywood, and after a series of increasingly successful creations, Disney debuted a new character named Mickey Mouse in 1928. Mental Floss: The secrets behind your favorite toys
4. Milton Hershey
Milton Hershey always knew he could make candy, but running a successful business seemed just out of his reach. Although he never had a formal education, Hershey spent four years apprenticing in a candy shop before striking out on his own in Philadelphia in 1876.
Six years later, his shop went under, as did a subsequent attempt to peddle sweets in New York City. Hershey then returned home to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he pioneered the use of fresh milk in caramel productions and founded the successful Lancaster Caramel Company.
In 1900 he sold the caramel company for $1 million so he could focus on perfecting a milk chocolate formula. Once he finally nailed the recipe down, he was too rich (and too flush with delicious chocolate) for anyone to remember the flops of his early candy ventures.
5. Burt Reynolds
Burt Reynolds was one of Hollywood's biggest stars of the 1970s. Unfortunately, though, he spent money like his career would never hit a downswing. He owned mansions on both coasts, a helicopter, and a lavish Florida ranch.
Gradually, his financial situation got grimmer as he made boneheaded career choices and weathered a pricey divorce from Loni Anderson. By 1996, the Bandit owed $10 million to his creditors, and the royalties from "Cop and a Half" just weren't flowing in quickly enough. Reynolds declared Chapter 11 bankruptcy, from which he emerged in 1998.
Not only did he not have to sell his trademark mustache at auction to pay his bills, Reynolds even got to keep his Florida estate, Valhalla. This homestead exemption raised the ire of some observers who didn't think hanging on to a $2.5 million mansion while writing off $8 million in debt was quite in the spirit of bankruptcy laws' provisions about keeping one's home.
In fact, when the Senate passed measures tightening these loopholes in 2001, Reynolds' keeping his ranch was one of the examples they used to decry bankruptcy proceedings as going too easy on the wealthy. "There is no greater bankruptcy abuse than this," said Wisconsin Senator Herb Kohl.
6. H.J. Heinz
When Heinz was just 25 years old, he and two partners began a company that made horseradish. As the legend goes, the spicy root was the first of Heinz's famed 57 varieties, but it wasn't as lucrative as he'd hoped. A business panic in 1875 bankrupted his enterprise, but Heinz's passion for condiments remained strong.
The very next year, Heinz got together with his brother and a cousin to start a new company in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The reorganized group started making ketchup, and the business took off. Last year the H.J. Heinz Company had over $10 billion in revenue.
7. P.T. Barnum
Famous showman P.T. Barnum was always quick with a quip, but he wasn't so snappy about paying back his loans. Although he was successful showing off oddities in New York and around the globe, Barnum had a habit of borrowing cash from anyone who would open their wallet for him. Mental Floss: 12 oddball museums preserving our history
He'd use these funds to buy real estate, particularly around Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he was trying to foster industrial development. Unfortunately for Barnum, he went too far with borrowed cash, and in 1855, things bottomed out. Barnum was bankrupt and owed his creditors nearly half a million dollars.
Barnum didn't give up, though, and he slowly worked himself out of debt over the next five years. The showman gave lectures around England about showmanship and making money, and he regained control of his main attraction, The American Museum in New York City, in 1860.
In 1871, just a few months shy of his 61st birthday, Barnum entered the circus business with Barnum's Grand Traveling Museum, Menagerie, Caravan, and Circus, which raked in over $400,000 in its first year.
Tags: bankruptcy, famous people, greatness, Money, success, wealth
Law of Pure Potentiality by: Deepak Chopra
The first spiritual law of success is the Law of Pure Potentiality. This law is based on
the fact that we are, in our essential state, pure consciousness. Pure consciousness
is pure potentiality; it is the field of all possibilities and infinite creativity. Pure consciousness
is our spiritual essence. Being infinite and unbounded, it is also pure joy. Other
attributes of consciousness are pure knowledge, infinite silence, perfect balance, invincibility,
simplicity, and bliss. This is our essential nature. Our essential nature is one of pure potentiality.
Tags: potenial, success
Enjoying this very moment…the amazing is happening in my mind! I feel it in my BLOOD!
Jamal Bryant…I love this!
Rhinoceros-the only spices on the planet that do not have the ability to go backwards, they have thick skin-they can be cut, scrap or bleed and not feel it. Rhinos are killed for their horns- the glory and the ability to hold on. Rhinos do not random attack they calculate their attack.
Tags: blood, Jamal Bryant, power, success
Day 1…I am different and it is okay! I mean I am okay with that.
For the majority of my life I have felt absolutely different from most people I encountered. I always felt special and unique, but all the more destine for absolutely greatness. I have wondered why I do not fit in most of time with people for long periods of time and why I do not linger long in situations that were not beneficial for me to involve myself in. It is because I was different, I was special and I was unique and most of time it was best for me to not involve myself into situations where people did not share a common goal for a thrust for life and aspirations for success. I was just simply a different person, living a life of greatness and having a vision beyond my right NOW!
Tags: common, goal, greatness, Life!, live, living, Love, people, special, success, unique
The best motiva…
The best motivation for success is the desire to be free. I can not wait to wake up when I have finishing sleeping instead of waking up while tired. ~ Dr. G. Torbert
Tags: Life!, motivation, sleep, success
Your best succe…
Your best success is Self -revelation Success, not their success, your parents success, sibling success, friends success, what if success, should have, could have, would have success…the best success is Self -revelation success which is God's success. ~ Dr. G. Torbert
Tags: God, success
Are you a Bamboo Tree? This is DEEP!
Thank you Pastor Houston for this inspiration.
There are unique characteristics of a Bamboo Tree and they are:
They spend years growing roots before their life sparks!
They are very strong!
If the winds blow really hard against the Bamboo Tree and it falls…it's roots are able to lift itself back up over time. And guess what…the next time a storm comes..the wind has to blow extra hard because the previous winds will not cause the same damage!
I am purchasing 3 tomorrow!
Tags: bamboo, change, growth, Life!, live, pastor, plants, roots, storm, success, trees, wind
Categories Relationship with God, Uncategorized
The diary of a frustrated teacher…
It starts every summer…Teacher Anxiety Disease….
Yes, TAD it is teacher disease that has exists for years. It is the sadness of ending a much needed break and the almost happy feelings of starting a new school year with of course new students.
Then it is mixed with emotions of the never ending paperwork, long hours of being able to use the bathroom, the many hats a teacher wear and of course the students that come ill-prepared and the parents that make everything your fault. Really???
Yes…it is crazy but true! And guess what you are yet still accountability for all, I mean all 34, 32, 28 or 26 children's success. IJS.
But…whose fault is it really? It dates all the way back to the 1800's..there is a breakdown in the system. And although we are racing to the TOP, we are still leaving kids behind and teachers on the side of the road. 😦
Tags: education, kids, learning, Race to the Top, students, success, teachers
This made me laugh…
I should have known when they talked about his brother's wife…
…when the weight gain became stress weight.
My flashbacks keep me grateful…
Today…it was all I could appreciate and enjoy!
My Philanthropy Work…


Time is our most precious resource. You can lose motivation, money, or even an entire business, but you can always work to reignite your drive, earn more money, or rebuild a failed business.
Time lost due to procrastination, on the other hand, has been lost forever. If you're a small business owner who needs help in making the most of his time and staying productive, this brief 5-step guide will show you how it's done.
If you don't track it, you can't improve it.
The saying holds true for many aspects of business: marketing, IT efficiency, and yes, even workplace productivity. Before you take any step to improving your productivity, you must first learn how and where you spend your time at work.
Are you spending too much time on meetings? Maybe you need to take more breaks to re-energize and renew your focus? Or perhaps you can dedicate more minutes or hours in other business-building activities like developing new products, engaging with customers, or building relationships with industry folks?
Those questions can only be answered if you properly track your time, and a tool like RescueTime can help you with that.
For the popular tech website PCMag, RescueTime was ranked as one of the best time-tracking and management app around. It monitors how you spend your computer time, and it works across multiple devices.
But most important, RescueTime provides reports with graphs and charts that contain the information you need to turn you into your most productive self.
You arrive at the office but have no clear idea of what to do. And then things began to happen: emails flood your inbox, visitors drop by, and the phone rings non-stop. You're busy throughout the working day. But at the end of it, you haven't made any progress on your most important projects.
If this is true for you, you're missing a crucial ingredient for productivity and better time management: planning.
But you're a small business owner, not a firefighter. So instead of waiting for fires to put out, sit down and plan your day for 10 minutes before you even head out to the office.
Remember, a minute spent in planning gives you 10 minutes in execution, which means 10 minutes spent in planning gives you an hour and 40 minutes. Done daily, you could be looking at 22 more days available for your most important projects and other business activities.
Distractions at work are par for the course. Topping the list are emails, social media, cute cat videos, and other digital time-wasters. And then there's the big pile of paperwork, dozens of Post-it notes, and an empty, stained cup of coffee on your desk.
Yes, distractions are all around you. But that doesn't mean you have to put up with them.
Sure, you can resist the temptation to check personal emails or log into a non-work-related website. But one can only resist distractions for so long. Willpower is finite, and once it runs out, falling for these time-wasters is inevitable.
Instead of trying to resist distractions and time-wasters (and losing willpower in the process), a better solution is to eliminate distractions - both physical and digital - so you can maintain focus and stay productive.
If you spend most of your working hours in front of a computer, using tools like Cold Turkey or KeepMeOut. These tools let you specify which websites to block - those that waste a huge chunk of your time - and when to block them.
By using site blockers at work, even if you give in and try to log into, say, YouTube or 9Gag, you won't gain access and would instead get an inspirational productivity quote or a reminder that you're supposed to work.
As for physical distractions like a messy desk and a pile of documents, start your day by spending 10 to 15 minutes sorting out your workspace.
The temptation to multitask is always present - and one can find it hard to resist.
It's very easy to draw out your smartphone to send emails while on a meeting, or to check for social media updates while talking to a client on the phone. But these seemingly innocent gestures of juggling two things at once come at a steep price: 40% loss of productivity!
All three variants of multitasking can reduce your efficiency and mental energy.
Take charge of your workday! Say no to multitasking and focus on a single task for 30 to 50 minutes at a time. You also want take a 5- to 10-minute break between periods of uninterrupted work and focus to give your brain a refreshing change of pace.
And last but not the least, manage emails, social media, and other daily interruptions by designating a specific time of the day for these activities.
"I thought as the owner and president that I had to have all the answers. Over 20 years, I learned that it was impossible for me to do it and know it all," says Anisa Telwar, founder and CEO of Anisa International.
Many small business owners are tempted to think like Anisa Telwar did decades ago. But strong businesses aren't built on a single individual's skills and talents.
A business that rests on your shoulders alone is not sustainable.
The amount of responsibilities you will have to handle as an owner will only grow. Maybe you are fine with DIY marketing, customer support, and a little inventory management on your plate, and a one-man team might be enough to keep your business running during its infancy.
But sooner or later, your to-do list will include two to three dozen tasks on top of a cross-country flight to meet with an investor. If you micro-manage every aspect of your business, breaking under stress and pressure is only a question of time.
So trust your team! Delegate tasks and let them use good judgment to get the job done.
You don't want to spend top dollar to recruit top talents - only to spend the rest of your working hours breathing down your employees' necks to see if they're doing work exactly the way you wanted.
In addition, you also want to outsource tasks and jobs that are necessary for operations but don't boost the company's bottom-line.
Take printer management for example. Keeping a fleet of printers in tip-top shape is a requirement especially if you print a lot of marketing materials and business documents. But while necessary, it doesn't directly contribute to the company's growth.
If such is your case, leaving your printers in the capable hands of a managed print services provider can help you and your team maintain 100% focus on business-building tasks during working hours.


securityearpiece | How does noise reduction work?
There are two ways that noise cancelling headsets work, ergo, noise cancellation comes in two distinct forms. The first, known as 'passive' noise reduction is actually pretty obvious. For a good demonstration, hold your hand flat (as if you were attempting to 'karate chop' something) and then place it over your nearest ear (but don't hit yourself, of course). Notice the muffling? That is passive noise reduction. By this measure, anything that covers your ears or blocks sound from entering them is a form of passive noise reduction. By this token, then, all headphones and headsets are passive noise reducers.
Tyler Lacoma, or eHow.com, puts it this way: "Passive noise reduction seeks to eliminate outside interfering noise so you can listen more easily to music and other types of audio. With headphones that fit inside your ear, noise reduction is achieved by using gel tips to create a seal in your ear canal. With headphones that fit around the outside of your ear, advanced foams and padding block outside noise and create a quieter environment".
Active noise reduction, then, involves drowning out incoming noise. How? Well, William Harris of How Stuff Works.com explains it thus: "(Active Noise Reducers) actually create their own sound waves that mimic the incoming noise in every respect except one: the headphone's sound waves are 180 degrees out of phase with the intruding waves".
"The shape of the headphone earcups and how it fits over the head determines to a large degree how much noise the headphones can block out".
"1. They consume power, usually supplied by a battery that must be replaced or recharged from time to time.
2. They may also not cancel all sound effectively. They may work well for sounds that are continuous, such as the hum of a refrigerator or the sound in an airplane cabin, but may prove ineffective against speech or other rapidly changing audio signals.
3. They may sometimes introduce additional noise, usually in the form of high-frequency hiss".
However, Demir goes on to say that "You should always take the (noise cancellation) headphones in a long flight to enjoy a quieter environment and to keep you calm and relaxed". Generally speaking, active noise reduction is the better choice, as you will experience greater comfort and clarity of sound. You may also find that active noise canceling headsets can be used to combat fatigue caused by the low frequencies experienced on trains and buses. This makes a noise canceling headset not only a choice product, but also one with more benefits than drawbacks.
This entry was posted in Telecommunications and tagged How Does Noise Cancellation Work, what is noise cancellation. Bookmark the permalink.


Our Aluminium Cantilever Printed Parasols are lightweight but strong parasol with a hanging canopy.
It comes with an aluminium frame, with a choice of either classic round or contemporary square printed parasols canopies which can be fully branded and Pantoned® matched so you have a bespoke final product.
This corrosion resistant frame is easy to transport and carry as it is light weight making a sensible choice for those who are looking to move their parasol frequently.
It comes with a sturdy 130kg granite or concrete slab bases for stability and strength. We offer a range of sizes so you can choose the right size for your space.
Here at Brollies & Parasols we specialise in customising printed parasols specifically to our clients' requirements. This means we have a full and extensive range of parasol branding options. This allows your promotional parasols are completely attuned to your needs and branding.


text:
Q: qgis3 crashes when loading a PostGIS layer at SRS selector? Recently, I noticed that QGIS 3 (2.99, Ubuntu 16.04, QGIS code revision 70d61fd) hangs or crashes if I load PostGIS layer with no defined SRS (via the context menu from the index pane on the left). The program sometimes freezes with the "Coordinate System Selector"?? dialogbox, and sometimes directly crashes when adding the layer.
This is after recent updates, and I used to print figures from those layers.
Does anyone know how to diagnose or solve the problem?
-- EDIT --
When launched from command line, QGIS generates error messages in terminal as follows:
../../src/app/qgisapp.cpp: 10130: (addVectorLayer) [27102ms] Creating new vector layer using dbname='user' host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 user='user' sslmode=disable srid=-2147483648 type=Point table="diag"."table_nw_nd" (geom) sql= with baseName of Table Nw Nd and providerKey of postgres
../../src/core/qgsproviderregistry.cpp: 408: (createProvider) [1ms] Library name is /usr/lib/qgis/plugins/libpostgresprovider.so
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 95: (QgsPostgresProvider) [1ms] URI: dbname='user' host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 user='user' sslmode=disable srid=-2147483648 type=Point checkPrimaryKeyUnicity='1' table="diag"."table_nw_nd" (geom) sql=
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 143: (QgsPostgresProvider) [0ms] Connection info is dbname='user' host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 user='user' sslmode=disable
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 144: (QgsPostgresProvider) [0ms] Geometry column is: geom
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 145: (QgsPostgresProvider) [1ms] Schema is: diag
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 146: (QgsPostgresProvider) [0ms] Table name is: table_nw_nd
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 147: (QgsPostgresProvider) [0ms] Query is: "diag"."table_nw_nd"
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 148: (QgsPostgresProvider) [0ms] Where clause is:
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 214: (QgsPostgresConn) [0ms] New PostgreSQL connection for dbname='user' host=127.0.0.1 port=5432 user='user' sslmode=disable
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 280: (QgsPostgresConn) [7ms] setting client encoding to UNICODE
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 284: (QgsPostgresConn) [0ms] encoding successfully set
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 295: (QgsPostgresConn) [0ms] Connection to the database was successful
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 1378: (deduceEndian) [5ms] Creating binary cursor
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 1383: (deduceEndian) [1ms] Fetching a record and attempting to get check endian-ness
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 1393: (deduceEndian) [1ms] Got oid of 1259 from the binary cursor
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 1394: (deduceEndian) [0ms] First oid is 1259
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 852: (postgisVersion) [66ms] PostGIS version info: 2.4 USE_GEOS=1 USE_PROJ=1 USE_STATS=1
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 877: (postgisVersion) [0ms] geos:3.7.0dev-CAPI-1.11.0 3fcc39d proj:Rel. 4.9.2, 08 September 2015
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 906: (postgisVersion) [0ms] Checking for topology support
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 921: (postgisVersion) [1ms] Checking for pointcloud support
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 926: (postgisVersion) [0ms] Pointcloud support available!
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 304: (QgsPostgresConn) [0ms] Checking for GEOS support
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresconn.cpp: 313: (QgsPostgresConn) [0ms] Topology support available!
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 1086: (hasSufficientPermsAndCapabilities) [1ms] Checking for permissions on the relation
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3334: (getGeometryDetails) [1ms] Getting geometry column: SELECT upper(type),srid,coord_dimension FROM geometry_columns WHERE f_table_name='table_nw_nd' AND f_geometry_column='geom' AND f_table_schema='diag'
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3336: (getGeometryDetails) [3ms] Geometry column query returned 1 rows
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3579: (getGeometryDetails) [0ms] Detected SRID is 0
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3580: (getGeometryDetails) [0ms] Requested SRID is -2147483648
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3581: (getGeometryDetails) [0ms] Detected type is 1
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3582: (getGeometryDetails) [0ms] Requested type is 1
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3583: (getGeometryDetails) [1ms] Force to 2D No
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 3591: (getGeometryDetails) [0ms] Spatial column type is Geometry
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 705: (loadFields) [0ms] Loading fields for table table_nw_nd
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 1282: (determinePrimaryKey) [8ms] Checking whether SELECT count(*) FROM pg_inherits WHERE inhparent='"diag"."table_nw_nd"'::regclass is a parent table
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 1287: (determinePrimaryKey) [0ms] Retrieving first primary or unique index: SELECT indexrelid FROM pg_index WHERE indrelid='"diag"."table_nw_nd"'::regclass AND (indisprimary OR indisunique) ORDER BY CASE WHEN indisprimary THEN 1 ELSE 2 END LIMIT 1
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 1290: (determinePrimaryKey) [1ms] Got 0 rows.
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 1297: (determinePrimaryKey) [0ms] Relation has no primary key -- investigating alternatives
../../src/providers/postgres/qgspostgresprovider.cpp: 1308: (determinePrimaryKey) [0ms] Relation is a table. Checking to see if it has an oid column.
../../src/core/qgsmessagelog.cpp: 27: (logMessage) [0ms] 2017-12-20T17:01:01 [1] Primary key is ctid - changing of existing features disabled (geom; "diag"."table_nw_nd")
../../src/core/qgsproviderregistry.cpp: 430: (createProvider) [1ms] Instantiated the data provider plugin: postgres
../../src/core/qgsmessagelog.cpp: 27: (logMessage) [1ms] 2017-12-20T17:01:01 PostGIS[1] NOTICE: row number 0 is out of range 0..-1
../../src/gui/qgsmapcanvas.cpp: 461: (refresh) [2ms] CANVAS refresh - invalid settings -> nothing to do
../../src/gui/qgsmapcanvas.cpp: 377: (setDestinationCrs) [0ms] refreshing after destination CRS changed
../../src/gui/qgsmapcanvas.cpp: 461: (refresh) [0ms] CANVAS refresh - invalid settings -> nothing to do
../../src/core/qgsproviderregistry.cpp: 408: (createProvider) [1ms] Library name is /usr/lib/qgis/plugins/libogrprovider.so
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 441: (QgsOgrProvider) [0ms] Data source uri is [/usr/share/qgis/resources/data/world_map.shp]
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 364: (AnalyzeURI) [0ms] Data source uri is [/usr/share/qgis/resources/data/world_map.shp]
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 3893: (open) [0ms] mFilePath: /usr/share/qgis/resources/data/world_map.shp
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 3894: (open) [0ms] mLayerIndex: 0
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 3895: (open) [0ms] mLayerName:
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 3896: (open) [0ms] mSubsetString:
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrprovider.cpp: 3942: (open) [0ms] OGR failed to opened in update mode, trying in read-only mode
../../src/core/qgsmessagelog.cpp: 27: (logMessage) [1ms] 2017-12-20T17:01:01 OGR[1] Cannot open /usr/share/qgis/resources/data/world_map.shp.()
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrconnpool.cpp: 37: (QgsOgrConnPool) [1ms] Entering.
../../src/providers/ogr/qgsogrconnpool.cpp: 37: (QgsOgrConnPool) [0ms] Leaving.
../../src/core/qgsproviderregistry.cpp: 430: (createProvider) [0ms] Instantiated the data provider plugin: ogr
../../src/core/qgsvectorlayer.cpp: 597: (geometryType) [0ms] WARNING: This code should never be reached. Problems may occur...
../../src/gui/qgsmapcanvas.cpp: 335: (setLayersPrivate) [7ms] Layers have changed, refreshing
../../src/gui/qgsmapcanvas.cpp: 461: (refresh) [0ms] CANVAS refresh - invalid settings -> nothing to do
../../src/gui/qgsmaptool.cpp: 91: (activate) [0ms] Cursor has been set
../../src/gui/qgsmapcanvas.cpp: 479: (refresh) [96ms] CANVAS refresh scheduling
QGIS died on signal 11Aborted (core dumped)

A: Please consider reporting this as a bug. There is already an open bug for QGIS 2.99 about crashing on Linux related to changing/choosing projections.  So this is possibly related.

Does anyone know how to diagnose or solve the problem?

Use a stable version of QGIS!

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 20141118043509) do

  create_table "pins", force: true do |t|
    t.string   "description"
    t.string   "string"
    t.datetime "created_at"
    t.datetime "updated_at"
    t.integer  "user_id"
    t.string   "image_file_name"
    t.string   "image_content_type"
    t.integer  "image_file_size"
    t.datetime "image_updated_at"
  end

  add_index "pins", ["user_id"], name: "index_pins_on_user_id"

  create_table "users", force: true do |t|
    t.string   "email",                  default: "", null: false
    t.string   "encrypted_password",     default: "", null: false
    t.string   "reset_password_token"
    t.datetime "reset_password_sent_at"
    t.datetime "remember_created_at"
    t.integer  "sign_in_count",          default: 0,  null: false
    t.datetime "current_sign_in_at"
    t.datetime "last_sign_in_at"
    t.string   "current_sign_in_ip"
    t.string   "last_sign_in_ip"
    t.datetime "created_at"
    t.datetime "updated_at"
  end

  add_index "users", ["email"], name: "index_users_on_email", unique: true
  add_index "users", ["reset_password_token"], name: "index_users_on_reset_password_token", unique: true

end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Giant Days: As Time Goes By
Genres: Comedy, School Life, Slice of Life
Publisher: BOOM! - BOOM! Box
Writer: John Allison
Artist: Max Sarin
Susan, Esther, and Daisy started at university three weeks ago and became fast friends because their dorm rooms were next to each other. Now, away from home for the first time, all three want to reinvent themselves. But in the face of hand-wringing boys, "personal experimentation," influenza, mystery-mold, nu-chauvinism, and the willful, unwanted intrusion of "academia," they may be lucky just to make it to spring alive."


text:
BEARPAW RIVER BREWING CO.
Bearpaw River Brewery is based in Wasilla, Alaska and is run by four brothers. Jake, Jed, Jack, and James grew up in the Mat-Su Valley north of Anchorage, and the beers that Bearpaw River brews, the Frontiersman IPA, Mat Maid Milk Stout, and Hatcher Pass American Pale Ale, are crafted to bring a little bit of The Valley with them as they're distributed in Alaska and beyond.
Bearpaw River was making great beer, but you couldn't tell by looking at the bottle. The brewery was using their logo, a classic brewery design in black-and-white, as the sole art on their 22 oz. brown glass bomber bottles. Next to colorful cans with full-wrap art and moose and mountains galore, not only did the beer not stand out, it didn't tell a story and it didn't even look particularly Alaskan. Bearpaw knew they wanted to move from large bottles to standard cans, but how to do that in a way that made them stand out was a problem to be solved.
At Saltwater, we leveraged our experience in can design and printing to ground the creative approach. We started with an interview process that delved into exactly how the brothers' experiences in The Valley made their way into the brewing process. The beer told a story, and the cans needs to align. From there, our design team had more to work with because cans present more of a canvas than bottles and they took advantage of it. Utilizing a broader color palette and a straight-forward illustration style that mixed rural nostalgia with a modern look and feel, Saltwater was able to usher in a new era at Bearpaw River and help the brewery bring a true Alaskan product to shelves near and far.
All the art for these Bearpaw River Brewery cans was hand-drawn at Saltwater. Kyle, one of our Senior Art Directors, used Adobe Illustrator and the experiences of The Valley provided by the brothers to bring the beer's story to life.


In addition to 40 years of carpentry experience, I'm also the Ipswich MA town historian, and produce the site HistoricIpswich.org.
If you would like to discover more information about your historic home, I can help you find the date of construction, the name of the builder and original owners, and other interesting history from the house. The charge for this service is $40/hr.
Contact: gordonharris2@gmail.com. Please leave your name, street address and email address.
Cottage residences, or, A series of designs for rural cottages and cottage villas, and their gardens and grounds: adapted to North America by Downing, A. J. (Andrew Jackson), published 1842.


text:
14 Nov OSCARS WEEKLY – The case for 'Wonder Woman' for Best Picture
Posted at 17:34h in Awards Season, Opinion	by	Doug Jamieson 1 Comment
Almost a decade ago, a major change came to the Academy Awards. It was 2008, and The Dark Knight was on everyone's lips. It captured the box-office dollars, naturally. It was one of the best reviewed films of the year, surprisingly. And it featured one of the greatest (and soon-to-be Oscar-winning) performances ever committed to film. It had all the makings of a Best Picture nominee. But it was a "genre" film. As they often do, the Academy failed to take it seriously, and its snub from the five nominees was met with angry howls, and not just from Batman fans.
Fearing they were losing touch with modern-day audiences (the ratings for the Oscars ceremony were spiraling down, year by year), the Academy made the bold decision to increase their Best Picture nominees from five to 10, hearkening back to the 1930s and 40s when this was how the Oscars were run. It was hoped this would widen the possibilities for "genre" or blockbuster films of the future to get a look in. And for a while it worked.
That first year of ten nominees saw hugely popular films like Up and Avatar included, as well as something as left-field as District 9. Likewise with the following year, with the inclusion of Toy Story 3 and Inception. But it was short-lived, and the last few years have seen the Academy fall back to nominating the same type of films it had always given preference to – dramas, period pieces, and biopics. Even though a comic-book superhero film was the catalyst for this expansion of nominees, a film of that genre has still failed to receive a Best Picture nomination.
And that's not for a lack of possibilities. Films like Guardians of the Galaxy, Deadpool, The Avengers, and Captain America: The Winter Soldier certainly had the rave reviews and the box-office results to be considered. Deadpool even managed to squeak in to the Golden Globe and PGA nominations. Yet all were overlooked by the Academy, much to the chagrin of those who deem these movies worthy of more than just box-office dollars. That could all change with the arrival of a film that truly demands to be amongst this year's nominees – Wonder Woman.
Now just hear me out. I know a lot of people will groan and roll their eyes. It's just a fun action popcorn flick, right? How dare I say it should be included as one of the best films of the year? But there's so much more to Wonder Woman than just entertainment. Few pieces of cinema have captured the cultural zeitgeist this year like Patty Jenkins' brilliant film. And it wasn't so long ago when the Academy would indeed recognise such buzzed-about films.
Star Wars, Jaws, ET, Raiders of the Lost Ark, The Exorcist, Beauty and the Beast – all were nominated for Best Picture, and that was when there were only five slots available. If you don't know your Oscars history, this could be pretty shocking, right? I genuinely feel the majority of these would not be nominated today. They're all "genre" films outside the usual Oscar-bait genres. They all made huge box-office dollars. They all had enormous impact on pop culture. And they were all wonderful popcorn cinema. Yet they all found themselves nominated for the big prize. So why can't Wonder Woman do the same?
But there's something Wonder Woman has that none of these previous nominees did – the weight of cultural importance. It's been a difficult time for women lately, what with Hillary's crushing loss and the disgraceful sexual harassment scandals plaguing Hollywood. The arrival of a brave, intelligent, and heroic female cinematic icon could not have been more timely, especially delivered to us by a female director. In the insanely hyper-masculine world of superhero films, a pair of females have shown up the men and delivered something truly masterful.
This is perfectly typified by the sequence where Diana ignores the warnings of her non-believer male cohorts and bravely crosses the No Man's Land battlefield, deflecting bullets and striking down her enemies. It truly was one of the greatest moments in cinema this year. Or any year. It was a scene women could cheer for. Here was a strong female superhero, not using her beauty to win the day. Diana is fierce with a capital F. And it has nothing to do with how she looks.
Yes, Gal Gadot is utterly gorgeous. And yes, her costume shows off her striking physique. But it's never played for glorification. It's a minor aspect of this character, and overlooking her beauty is part of Jenkins' deft vision for this film. She wants you to see the strength of the woman by what's in her very core, not what we see when we look at her. Jenkins and Gadot fill this film with lashings of heart, humour, wit, and, most importantly, hope.
That hope spreads outside the film itself, in that Wonder Woman is a clear example that films led and crafted by women can indeed make box-office dollars. Audiences of both genders want to see females at the forefront of any type of film. This was proven by the results the film achieved, which are utterly astonishing, to say the least. $821 million worldwide, $412 million from the US alone. The biggest box-office ever for a film directed by a female. The biggest box-office of the new DC franchise. The biggest superhero origin film of all-time. For a film many worried would fail, these numbers are staggering. And that kind of success deserves to be recognised by the Academy.
But it's not just the huge financial success of the film that demands it be a Best Picture nominee. The film itself is expertly crafted and wonderfully made. The screenplay is emotional and perfectly paced, filled with engaging character development for Diana and those surrounding her. It's beautifully shot and features glorious production and costume design. It has a soaring score, with that now-iconic Wonder Woman theme song, taking centre-stage. The casting is utter perfection. And it's just downright entertaining, from start to finish. What more could you want from a Best Picture nominee?
Now I can bang on about how great this film is and why it deserves to be nominated until I'm blue in the face, but can it actually happen? The answer is absolutely yes. I won't bore you with the rather complicated process of how the final nominees for Best Picture are chosen. It's a preferential ballot system, and just thinking about how it all works makes my head spin. If you are curious to the ins-and-outs of the process, Steve Pond of The Wrap summarises it rather neatly here.
Basically, to secure the nomination, Wonder Woman will need to receive around 200 or so #1 votes on the nomination ballot forms. Doesn't sound all that many, does it? But I know the Academy. And I know what they're like, or rather, what films they like. It's not going to be easy to change people's minds about what constitutes a Best Picture-worthy nominee. The old white guys of the Academy are probably so freaked out by this film, they'd rather pick anything but Wonder Woman this year. But, fittingly, there is hope.
Over the last few years, the Academy has been increasing and diversifying its memberships rank, as a response to the embarrassing #OscarsSoWhite backlash. Earlier this year, the Academy added over 700 new members to their voting pool, including Gal Gadot herself. This new group of voters are younger and more diverse, with many women and people of colour joining the vote. Is it that unfathomable to think many of these new voters adored Wonder Woman and would love to see it represented on Oscar night?
And the other glimmer of hope is Warner Bros. and their commitment to launch a full-scale Oscar campaign for this film, across all categories. I've spoken many times before about the importance of Oscar campaigning in the modern-day awards season, so this bodes extremely well for the film's chances. They will likely spend big bucks on this campaign. Nabbing a Best Picture nomination would be a major coup for the studio, especially over its intense rival, Marvel Studios. To be the studio responsible for the first superhero film to receive a Best Picture nomination is something Warner Bros. would desperately love. And with intelligent and articulate women like Jenkins and Gadot leading the campaigning over the next few months, it genuinely could be on the cards.
Wonder Woman is one of the greatest success stories of cinema in 2017. It's one of the best films we've seen this year, and one of the most lovingly received by audiences and critics alike. It's a triumph of blockbuster filmmaking, and a turning-point for the role of women in cinema, both in-front-of and behind the camera. These very notions demand it be considered as a Best Picture nominee, and I implore the Academy to make it happen.
academy awards, best picture, cinema, DC, DC cinematic universe, DCEU, entertainment, film, films, gal gadot, movie, movies, oscars, patty jenkins, wonder woman


text:
European Commission and EPFL strengthen cooperation
EPFL ad interim Chairman Frédéric Thiriez and European Commissioner Androulla Vassiliou
EPFL Chairman Frédéric Thiriez and European Commissioner Vassiliou hold constructive discussions on major priorities for European Leagues
The EPFL Chairman, Mr. Frédéric Thiriez, met on the 16 July 2013 with the European Commissioner Mrs. Androulla Vassiliou, in Brussels, to address some of the most pressing challenges currently facing the European football Leagues. This is the first meeting between both personalities since Mr. Thiriez was appointed ad interim Chairman of the European Leagues' international representative organisation, on 15 May 2013.
Several key issues were discussed during the meeting, including the Leagues' vital role within sport and the European Union, recognition and legal protection for sports competitions organisers rights, sports betting regulation and the fight against match-fixing, international transfers and players'agents regulations, among others. The visit, which has further strengthened the excellent cooperative relation between both institutions, was held in a very cordial and amicable atmosphere.
At the end of the meeting, the European Commissioner in charge of Sport and the EPFL Chairman highlighted the positive results already accomplished thanks to the long standing dialogue and cooperation between both institutions and expressed their commitment to further strengthen this fruitful relationship in order to more efficiently meet the increasing challenges facing both Professional Football and Europe.
Within this context, Commissioner Androulla Vassiliou said: "It was a good opportunity to touch base with the new Chairman of the EPFL. There is undoubtedly a strong convergence in the priorities and the values that we share in relation to sport, most notably integrity and solidarity. These are the pillars on which the professional game has to base itself. The Commission works closely with the EPFL on many issues and I look forward to continuing this close collaboration with the new Chairman."
On behalf of the EPFL, Chairman Frédéric Thiriez stated: "Ms Vassiliou and I are fighting the same battle in defense of sport, its integrity and its values – especially solidarity".


As part of the Art Licks Weekend, RARA presents "We shall not be moved", an exhibition bringing together artists, activists and architects to explore the idea of "home" in this city at this time as the housing crisis intensifies.
Learn how to fly-post with Digs, Hackney renters, exchange your tales of letting agents for plant dibbers that Lindsay Draws turns on the lathe from posts that once held estate agent signs, enjoy a "home" cooked meal with RARA members while discussing ways in which artists and architects can challenge the idea of properties for profit over people, learn the story of a Victorian house from construction to present day while watching Urban Histories, a new performance conceived by Sarah Akigbogun, performed with Nadine Ivy Barr, nd consider what it takes to create home wherever you are with whatever you have with Alexandra Parry and Eva Freeman.
We Shall Not Moved is a collection of art works, activities and performances to engage audiences whatever their personal housing situation.
Friday Evening: Fly-posting workshop with Digs Hackney Renters 7-9pm Learn creative ways to publicly express your discontent with developers, letting agents and other forces of gentrification. Bring a brush all other materials provided.
Saturday Day: Exhibition open 12-6pm Performance and live wood turning throughout the day.
2pm Performance by Eva Freeman exploring her experiences of creating home for her and her son.
2.30pm Talk by Andrew Marsh 'dream homes' about futuristic/absurd/fictional visions of housing, with the underlying theme being that dreaming and sharing amazing things is an important counterpoint to the mundanity of struggling against capital.
Swords into Plowshares, live wood turning throughout the day. Bring your best story about being messed around by an estate agent and trade it for a handcrafted dibber made from a post that once held an estate agent sign.
Saturday Evening: 6pm Urban Histories, a new performance by Sarah Akigbogun. Learn the story of an East London Victorian house from construction to present day.
7pm An open discussion thinking about the different ways artists and architects can use their practices to challenge the current housing system that is failing so many people, hosted by RARA Co-op over a "home" cooked meal. BYOB.
Swords into Plowshares: live wood turning throughout the day. See above.


text:
Сторо́жи (др. рус., иногда Сторожа́) — в Русском царстве XIV—XVII веков конные посты впереди сторожевой (засечной) черты, несущие наблюдательную службу ввиду набегов кочевников с Крыма; отряд пограничной стражи; при движении войск в боевом порядке — передовые части или передовая стража, она охраняла главные силы, разведывала о путях и неприятеле и добывала «языков» (пленных).

История
В Древней Руси с X века в военном искусстве использовали конные разведывательные отряды, которые высылались вперёд во время похода для разведки и перехвата конных разъездов и пеших лазутчиков противника. Со времени князя Дмитрия Донского эти небольшие отряды стали превращаться в постоянные службы, с определенной дислокацией на засечных чертах или впереди них. Именно сторожи подали первую весть о движении Мамая; впоследствии они заблаговременно сообщали о наступлении татар-османов и тем давали возможность собрать ратных людей для встречи противника.

Впоследствии перед сторожевыми городами, городками и селениями появилась двойная линия охраны: сторожи и станицы, высылавшиеся на более дальние расстояния и обязанные объезжать указанное им пространство. Сторожа формировались на Руси и высылались на оборонительную линию с ранней весны (около 25 марта по юлианскому календарю — наиболее вероятное время начала татарских набегов) и распределялись по ней на равноудаленных постах, которые были связаны разъездами. Сторожи делились на ближние и дальние, сменные и бессменные. Иногда самый дальний сторожевой пост мог быть удален от города на 50 — 60 верст и, таким образом, эта служба покрывала огромное пространство в степи в сторону Крыма. Разъезды до соседних сторожей, как правило занимали около суток пути.

К XVI веку конные отряды сторожей насчитывали до 10 человек. Они высылались из порубежных городов Алатыря, Темникова и Кадома для дозорной службы за Диким полем между р. Барыш на восток и р. Выша на запад. При царе Иване Грозном служба сторожей была приведена в порядок.

В январе и феврале 1571 года, по царскому указу, в Москве собирался военный съезд во главе с воеводой М. И. Воротынским. Итогом этого съезда был вынесенный 16 февраля приговор «О станичной и сторожевой службе», который стал первым военным уставом России. В уставе помимо других военных подразделений были досконально прописаны обязанности сторожей, которые имели много общих черт с несением современной пограничной службы.

Тяжелая станичная и сторожевая служба отправлялась в первую очередь городовыми казаками, детьми боярскими и другими знатными людьми. Сторожи должны были осуществлять контроль за закрепленными «урочищами» (участками поля). Основная их задача состояла в быстром оповещении порубежных городов о приближении крымских, перекопских и ногайских татар. Надзор за «урочищами» сторожа осуществляли нарядами (обычно по 2 недели каждый), и длился он как и раньше с ранней весны до зимы. Для наблюдения за сторожами высылались «дозорщики», которые набирались из детей боярских.

По 5 «росписям» устава и по последующим другим документам определялись точные дислокации сторожей и предписывалось, чтобы
 сторожи на сторожах стояли бережно и усторожливо и без перемены с сторож не съезжали, чтоб сторожи без сторожей ни на один час не были, чтоб воинские люди на наши украины безвестно не пришли.
Сторожи находились в ведении Приказа Казанского дворца. Служба в сторожах считалась хотя и трудной, но почётной. Справочная книга Императорской Главной квартиры сообщает, что городовые казаки, которые во время войн набирались в сторожи «из вольных нетяглых и безземельных батраков» приравнивались к некоему высшему военному классу и даже «за службу получали поместья наравне с "детьми боярскими"». Это утверждение вызывает сомнение у современных исследователей.

Со временем сторожи и станицы смещались вместе с береговой охранной линией все далее на юг. При Петре I эти пограничные службы почти повсеместно были упразднены, так как на значительной части границы уже находились казачьи войска и устроены были небольшие, но частые укрепления (шанцы).

Должности и звания засечной стражи
Для охраны засек в Московском государстве существовали засечные воеводы и головы, которым подчинялись засечные приказчики и сторожа. Каждый уезд составлял отдельную часть стражи и находился в ведении засечного головы. При смене сторожей старые ручались за новых. Главное начальство над засеками вверялось засечным воеводам.

Так же как и пушкари, стрельцы и городовые казаки, засечная стража считалась служилыми людьми «по прибору» и получала от казны денежное, пороховое и соляное жалование.

Местное население также несло повинность обороны засек. За отдельными звеньями засек смотрели местные крестьяне — «окольные люди». В тревожное время дозорщики собирали ополчение — с 20 дворов (а в иное время — с 3 и 5, смотря по расстоянию) по одному ратнику с пищалью, топором и киркой. От казны же им отпускалось по 2 фунта пороха и столько же свинца.

В мирное время засечная стража подчинялись Пушкарскому приказу, где велись дозорные книги, в военное — воеводе того разряда, на территории которого располагалась черта (Белгородского, Воронежского, Сибирского и т. д.). С конца XVII века засечной стражей управлял Пушкарский стол Рейтарского приказа.

Засечный приписной сторож (дозорщик)
Военная должность, возникшая в ходе сооружения Большой засечной черты в 1521—1566 гг. В ведении таких сторожей, назначавшихся из местных зажиточных крестьян, находились отдельные прясла (звенья) участков, на которые делились засеки. Каждому приписному сторожу поручалось для наблюдения 1 прясло (звено) засечного участка, то есть пограничная полоса длиной в несколько сотен метров. В мирное время приписной сторож следил за степью, чтобы вовремя узнать о появлении врагов, и препятствовал местным жителям растаскивать из засечных укреплений срубленные деревья на хозяйственные нужды.

При нападении же кочевников засечный приписной сторож выполнял функции десятника или капрала, собирая под своей командой небольшую группу местных крестьян для защиты вверенного прясла пограничной черты.

Подчинялись засечные приписные сторожа тому засечному поместному сторожу, в чей участок входили их прясла.

Засечный поместный сторож (ездовой сторож)
Военная должность, возникшая в ходе сооружения Большой засечной черты в 1521—1566 гг. В ведении таких сторожей, назначавшихся из местных городовых дворян и детей боярских, поручались отдельные участки тех или иных засек, обычно полосы длиной в несколько километров. Поместные сторожа подчинялись засечному голове и засечному приказчику той засеки, в которую входили их участки, а сами руководили засечными приписными сторожами, ведавшими отдельными звеньями их участков.

В мирное время засечные поместные сторожа регулярно объезжали свой участок (полосу), ведя наблюдение за границей и охраняя заповедную черту и леса от потрав и разрушений со стороны местного населения. При угрозе же нападения кочевников каждый засечный поместный сторож возглавлял оборону своего участка, собирая под своей командой до сотни и более бойцов, в основном мобилизованных по разнарядке местных крестьян.

По служебному старшинству должность засечного поместного сторожа примерно соответствовала званию сотника у стрельцов и городовых казаков, а также IX—XII классу позднейшей петровской «Табели о рангах», то есть её занимали лица, имевшие позднее чины от поручика до капитана.

Засечный приказчик
Военная должность, возникшая в ходе сооружения Большой засечной черты в 1521—1566 гг, введенная затем и на других засеках. Засечный приказчик являлся ближайшим помощником и заместителем засечного головы, а иногда самостоятельным начальником небольшой засеки — участка укреплённой пограничной линии длиной в несколько десятков километров (обычно — ворота с прилегающей территорией). Назначался из местных городовых дворян или городовых детей боярских и имел под своим началом до несколько сотен бойцов. В подчинении у засечного приказчика находилось несколько засечных поместных сторожей, охранявших со своими отрядами отдельные участки данной засеки и постоянный гарнизон острога при воротах. При нападении кочевников засечный приказчик обычно руководил обороной засечных ворот.

По служебной иерархии должность засечного приказчика примерно соответствовала званию есаула у городовых казаков, а также VIII классу «Табели о рангах», то есть её обычно занимали лица, имевшие позднее чин майора.

Засечный голова
Военная должность на Засечных чертах Русского государства с начала XVI по начало XVIII века. Засечный голова командовал отрядами пограничной засечной стражи, охранявшими от набегов татар и других кочевников определённые участки засечной черты — засеки, находящиеся на территории какого-либо уезда. Назначался из обычно из выборных или дворовых детей боярских. В подчинении у каждого засечного головы находились засечные приказчики и несколько сотен рядовых — засечных сторожей, набиравшихся из местных крестьян. Сами же засечные головы подчинялись засечным воеводам.

В случае опасности они собирали окрестных людей, дрались с неприятелем и даже ходили в поход.

По рангу засечный голова примерно соответствовал VI—VII классам «Табели о рангах» или званиям подполковника или полковника.

Засечный воевода
Военная должность на Засечных чертах Русского государства с начала XVI по начало XVIII века. Засечный голова командовал всей засечной чертой. Назначался только из знатных бояр.

По рангу засечный воевода примерно соответствовал IV классу «Табели о рангах» или званию генерала от фортификации.

В начале XVIII столетия в связи с затиханием набегов кочевников и перенесением границы далеко на юг засечные черты утратили свое значение и постепенно упразднились, а вместе с ними исчезла и засечная стража.

См. также
 Береговая служба (Русское государство)
 Казаки

Примечания

Литература

 Акты Московского государства. / Под ред. Н. А. Попова и Д. Я. Самоквасова. Т. I. Разряд. приказ. Моск. стол 1571—1634., : Императорская Академия Наук, 1890.
 Разрядная книга 1475—1598 гг. , 1966.
 Беляев «О сторожевой, станичной и полевой службе на Польской Украйне» (1846).
 Марголин С. Л. Оборона Русского государства от татарских набегов в конце 16 в. //Военно-исторический сб. / Труды ГИМ. Вып. 20. М., 1948.
 Лебедев В. И. В. О. Ключевский и вопросы изучения сторожевой и станичной службы в 16-17 вв. //Ключевский. Вып. 1. П., 1995.
 Рязанская энциклопедия. Справочный материал. Т. 7. Рязань, 1992.
 Энциклопедический словарь Ф. А. Брокгауза и И. А. Ефрона. Т. XXXI. СПб.: Брокгауз-Ефрон. 1890—1907. С. 712.
 Большая советская энциклопедия. — М.: Советская энциклопедия. 1969—1978.
 Плужников В. И. Термины российского архитектурного наследия. 1995
 Т. Ф. Ефремова. Толковый словарь. М., 2000.

Вооружённые силы Русского государства
Оборонительные линии России

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dava Pharmaceuticals ("Dava"), a global pharmaceutical company, agreed this week to pay the U.S. government $11 million to settle allegations that it violated the False Claims Act. The government had charged Dava with violating its obligations under the Medicaid Prescription Drug Rebate Program ("Rebate Program"). A whistleblower brought the alleged fraud to the governments attention. If you are know of fraud being committed against the government at your workplace, call our Whistleblower Attorneys to help you determine if you have an action under the False Claims Act.
Pharmaceutical companies must enter into the Rebate Program if they want their products to be available to Medicaid beneficiaries under the Medicaid program. Under the Rebate Program, if you are a participating drug company, you must pay quarterly rebates to the state Medicaid programs, which are based in part on whether a drug is a "generic" or "branded" product and the difference between what the health care program paid for the drug and what other purchasers paid for it.
The settlement involves alleged conduct that occurred between October 2005 and September 2009. The government alleged that Dava, in order to lower its Medicaid rebate payments, incorrectly labeled its version of the drugs, cefdinir, clarithromycin, and methotrexate as "generic" drugs instead of accurately calling them "branded" products, which in effect lowered its overall percentage rebate that it owed to Medicaid. Dava also incorrectly figured out the average manufacturer prices for its versions of these drugs and thereby further reducing its Medicaid rebate obligation. In effect, Dava did not pay the full amount due to the Medicaid program and overcharged certain public health services for these products.
Of the $11 million settlement, the federal government will receive about $5 to $7 million while the Medicaid participating states will receive over $5 million. Dava will pay about $200,000 to certain public health services entities who overpaid for the drugs at issue.
The qui tam whistleblower statute is probably one the governments' most important weapons in combating fraud against the government. It allows private citizens with knowledge of fraud being committed against the government to bring an action on behalf of the government. Under these statutes, government can recover three times the amount it was defrauded as well as charge civil penalties of $5,500 to $11,000 per false claim. Depending on whether the government intervenes in the action or not, a whistleblower can receive between 15% to 30% of the government's recovery. Jim Conrad, the whistleblower in this case, will receive 15% of the government's recovery as his share for bringing Dava's fraud to the government's attentions.
Committing fraud against the government is the same as stealing from taxpayers. If the whistleblower in this case had not brought this action, Dava's fraudulent practices would probably have gone undetected, costing taxpayers million. If you know of fraud being committed against the government at your workplace, call our qui tam Whistleblower Attorneys at Villanueva & Sanchala at (800) 893-9645 to help you determine if you have an action under the False Claims Act..


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text:
Q: Issue while adding image in PDF using PDFKit on mac OS Sierra I have just updated my OS X to latest verion 10.12 (OS X Siarra) and It has broken previous pdf generation code. Following is my PDF generation code which creates pdf file from given Image. Now this code generate PDF blank file without image.
 PDFDocument *pdf = [[PDFDocument alloc] init];
 NSImage *image =[NSImage imageNamed:@"sample"];
 PDFPage *page = [[PDFPage alloc] initWithImage:image];
 [page setBounds:NSMakeRect(0, 0, 500,700) forBox:kPDFDisplayBoxMediaBox];
 [pdf insertPage:page atIndex: [pdf pageCount]];
 if([pdf writeToFile: fileName]){
            [self showAlert:@"Design pdf has been saved."];
        }

Earlier this was working code in previous version. I have tested on older version 10.11 its also works. Any suggestion what is going wrong or any workaround?

A: There is an issue in Sierra where images are seen blank on adding to pdf document using PDFKit. You need to use low level Quart 2D programming guide apis to get the correct pdf.
Apple Documentation for it is here.
Sample code -
CFStringRef path = CFStringCreateWithCString (NULL, filename,kCFStringEncodingUTF8);
CFURLRef url = CFURLCreateWithFileSystemPath (NULL, path, kCFURLPOSIXPathStyle, 0);
CFRelease (path);

CFMutableDictionaryRef myDictionary = myDictionary = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(NULL, 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
CFDictionarySetValue(myDictionary, kCGPDFContextTitle, CFSTR("Some property string"));
CFDictionarySetValue(myDictionary, kCGPDFContextCreator, CFSTR("Some property string"));
CFRelease(myDictionary);

pageDictionary = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(NULL, 0, &kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
CFDataRef boxData = CFDataCreate(NULL,(const UInt8 *)&pageRect, sizeof (CGRect));
CFDictionarySetValue(pageDictionary, kCGPDFContextMediaBox, boxData);

CGContextRef pdfContext = CGPDFContextCreateWithURL (url, &pageRect, myDictionary);
CGPDFDocumentRef document = CGPDFDocumentCreateWithURL (url);
CFRelease(url);

ViewController* currentView = [story instantiateControllerWithIdentifier:viewName];

NSImage *currentImage = [self imageRepresentation:currentView.view];

CGImageSourceRef source = CGImageSourceCreateWithData((CFDataRef)[currentImage TIFFRepresentation], NULL);
CGImageRef maskRef =  CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source, 0, NULL);

CGPDFContextBeginPage (pdfContext, pageDictionary);
CGContextDrawImage(pdfContext, pageRect, maskRef);
CGPDFContextEndPage (pdfContext);

CGContextRelease (pdfContext);
CFRelease(pageDictionary);
CGPDFDocumentRelease (pdfDocument);


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President-elect Donald Trump has made many promises on immigration, including a new one Wednesday to "work something out" for the so-called Dreamers _ young immigrants brought to the country illegally as children.
"We're going to work something out that's going to make people happy and proud," Trump said in a Time magazine interview.
In Legal Fight Against U.S. Towns, Muslims May Lose Major Ally Is Kris Kobach's Immigration Plan Too Much, Even for Trump? GOP's 'Sanctuary Campus' Threats Put a Price on Immigrants Kris Kobach Meets Trump With His Immigration Plan in Hand Will Small 'Sanctuary Cities' Defy a Trump Crackdown?
"They got brought here at a very young age, they've worked here, they've gone to school here. Some were good students. Some have wonderful jobs. And they're in never-never land because they don't know what's going to happen."
Trump had routinely pledged to get rid of President Barack Obama's Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, or DACA, the executive action that temporarily shields young people from deportation if they are students, in the military or working, and are otherwise law-abiding.
Trump still pledges to do that. But now he's also suggesting he would like to find some way to continue accommodating these young people in the United States.
Advocates for the immigrants are taking no chances, pushing for a legislative fix in Congress and calling on Obama to intervene before Trump takes office.
More than 700,000 young immigrants are in the DACA program, and they provided the federal government with their personal data when they applied. Many worry the Trump administration will use that to track them down for deportation. They must reapply every two years.
On Capitol Hill, Sens. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., and Richard J. Durbin, D-Ill., are working on a bill to protect the Dreamers if Trump ends the DACA program.
"We're encouraged by these comments by President-elect Trump _ they present an opportunity to do the right thing for more than 744,000 young people who grew up here," the senators said in a statement. "We will soon have a legislative response ready if needed. They have much to contribute to the country they love."
Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, Obama's first chief of staff, delivered a letter to Trump on Wednesday from 14 mayors calling for support of the young immigrants.
"We are clear as mayors that these are Dreamers who are seeking the American dream, and we should embrace them rather than do a bait-and-switch," Emanuel told reporters after his meeting at Trump Tower. "All of us fundamentally believe that these are students, these are also people who want to join the armed forces ... . They are something we should hold up and embrace."
But others have been wary of Trump's shifting positions on immigrants and his attacks on Mexicans as "criminals" and "rapists."
"Before anyone falls into the trap of believing that Trump is 'softening' on immigration, they should remember that we've seen this movie before," said Frank Sharry, executive director of America's Voice, an immigration advocacy organization.
In the House, dozens of Democrats signed a letter asking Obama to pardon the Dreamers for civil immigration law violations before he leaves office.
The White House has rejected such appeals before, but lawmakers are pressing Obama to intervene.
"We have a responsibility to stand with the Dreamers," said Rep. Luis V. Gutierrez, D-Ill., at a news conference at the Capitol.
"The message (to Trump) is simple: If you come for Dreamers, if you come for immigrant families ... you will have to go through House Democrats, and we are standing together."
But some Republicans on Capitol Hill are also holding Trump to the hard line on immigration he promised during the campaign.
Rep. Andy Harris, R-Md., introduced legislation that would halt all federal funding _ including money for higher education _ for any entity that refuses to enforce immigration laws.


First you need to decided what type of heating appliance you have, wherever it is, and what you apply it for mostly. Taking the preventative measure of using wood in the fire pit, table, place generally leaves parents worried as it is highly flammable and the fact that children can be present. Fire glass solves that problem. It is made to burn in a high temperatures and can with stand wind too. It really is never advisable to use open fire areas when high years are present but if a strong gust came up these types of mirror are made to stay put! Coal, Timber, and other flammable materials will be what most fire machines are made to burn. However , environmentalists are concerned that burning these types of could produce greenhouse gas, so a shift continues to be made to natural gas, propane, and electricity. When you're burning by means of any of these media, your hearth does not need to be as profound as it would be if you were getting rid of wood, coal, or grilling with charcoal. If you like the look of wood firewood, you can always use artificial hardwood in your fire pit to achieve the start looking.
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Analytical Pixels Technology (APIX) has announced the release of its first commercial product: GCAP™, a gas chromatography device designed for a variety of industrial and petrochemical applications, including process monitoring, energy distribution, safety and security and environmental control.
This device, designed, assembled and tested by APIX, is based on nano-scale silicon components licensed from the CEA-Leti and the California Institute of Technology (Caltech).
The silicon components are manufactured in Leti's advanced semiconductor facility in Grenoble and system assembly and test are performed in APIX's facility in Grenoble.
"GCAP's very flexible, versatile architecture, based on high-density silicon columns and sensors, means GCAP can be configured to perform in a number of different modes, including conventional, multi-dimensional or concurrent analysis," said Dr. Pierre Puget, APIX co-founder and CTO.
"This makes it the ideal tool for research laboratories, advanced gas analysis, and complex applications such as biomedical screening.
In particular, the ability of GCAP™ to work with scrubbed air as a carrier gas in lieu of expensive, cumbersome bottled gases allows easy in-situ deployment, nearly real-time analysis, and a significant reduction in operating costs.
The performance of GCAP™, which is available for beta testing, has been well demonstrated with alkanes, permanent gases, volatile organic compounds and other materials.
APIX will be present at PITTCON 2013 in Philadelphia (PA, USA), March 17-21, Booth 441.


text:
Estates & Decisions
Dr Jane Lonie
Zabina Naem
Thought Leadership: Voluntary Assisted Dying Rights
by Michael Perkins | Nov 21, 2021 | Voluntary Assisted Dying | 0 comments
NSW is the last State in Australia to introduce a process for Voluntary Assisted Dying, with the Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill being introduced to the NSW Parliament by a private member Alex Greenwich on 12 October 2021.
We see great problems emerging in how Voluntary Assisted Dying rights are administered fuelled in no small measure by the following conclusions drawn from our initial review of the Bill:
A lack of training standards for decision making capacity assessment.
A lack of standards about the evidence required to support the conclusions required by the Bill.
The lack of decision making competence as a concept in the Bill.
The lack of appreciation of the cognitive impact of disability.
The lack of appreciation of the inherent complexity of Voluntary Assisted Dying decisions and the level of cognition required to make those decisions on a fully informed basis.
The lack of appreciation of the difference between stating a will and preference and making a decision.
Given the experience in other States with Voluntary Assisted Dying, a lack of research and evidence that can guide the resolution of these concerns.
In the light of these weaknesses, we see substantial barriers to implementing the Bill, even if passed by the NSW parliament.
Decision making rights
Voluntary Assisted Dying is a decision making right receiving increased recognition in Australia as we continue our evolution as a rights based decision making centred society. The emergence and codification of decision making rights is consistent with our membership of the United Nations Human Rights system. This trend however continues to erode the usefulness of the historical necessity of assuming decision making capacity until proven otherwise. Voluntary Assisted Dying legislation brings substantial formalism to the need to objectively evidence the ability of a person to give informed consent to access the means for Voluntary Assisted Dying.
Australia, being a federal system of government, has no one central source of authority about this complex subject. This is a matter shared by both the State and Federal Governments. As a result, a patchwork of legislation has emerged in this country, the latest instalment being in New South Wales.
The Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill
The Voluntary Assisted Dying Bill was introduced to the NSW Parliament by a private member Alex Greenwich on 12 October 2021. The Bill has been referred to the Legislative Council Standing Committee on Law and Justice for inquiry and report by the first sitting day of 2022. Debate on the bill was in progress on 12th November 2021.
NSW is the last State in Australia to introduce a process for Voluntary Assisted Dying. The Premier has agreed to a conscience vote being taken on the Bill which can be found here.
The explanatory memorandum for the bill can be found here.
Behaviour based evaluation of decision making ability
As a professional practice combining the disciplines of neuropsychology and law, we believe behaviour based evaluation of decision making ability needs to be integrated if resolution of our concerns about this Bill are to be resolved. Our experience in operating the firm and its clinic at Macquarie University Hospital is that concerns about decision making ability are not expressed early enough to bring the declining cognition of a person under evaluation and management. Settled protocols for early intervention in cognitive decline outside medical and hospital settings are not available. Resolution of these questions is needed if there is to be sufficient evidence that can be relied on to support the conclusions required by s.53 (f) of the Bill that states:
(f) a statement certifying whether or not the coordinating practitioner is satisfied
that —
(i) the patient has decision-making capacity in relation to voluntary
assisted dying, and
(ii) the patient, in requesting access to voluntary assisted dying, is acting
voluntarily, and
(iii) the patient, in requesting access to voluntary assisted dying, is not
acting because of pressure or duress, and
Note — See the definition of pressure or duress in the Dictionary in Schedule
(iv) the patient's request to access voluntary assisted dying is enduring,
(g) the coordinating practitioner's signature and the date the form was signed.
The reference of the Bill to the parliamentary committee is welcomed but we remain concerned that there will not be sufficient skills about cognition brought to monitor that process.
Please contact us if you want help to evaluate the Bill and its impacts further.
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Ultra modern furniture – There are modern furniture aficionados, all around the middle of the century design. Then there are those people looking for a modern, elegant look, with simple lines and interesting angles. No matter what, the result is a decor that beautifully blends shape and function. Modern furniture is more than just a change in style. Materials extend beyond the typical woods to include metals and even plastic. Contemporary pieces can also be made of polymeric resin. The philosophy behind this shift is availability as well as practical new materials meant easier pieces, easier maintenance and more flexibility with regard to function. Modern furniture designers experiment with color, texture and shape, with results ranging from sterile to pop art.
One of the main advantages of ultra modern furniture is that it blends with other furniture styles. A slim-lined desk or coffee table can take on an artistic look in a smart bohemian interior, just as it looks minimalist in a Scandinavian or Japanese interior. A chair with a unique shape can complement looking from shabby chic to avant-garde. Most modern pieces serve different purposes to be practical, portable and useful. Modern furniture designers know how to pack the most use in one piece that provides hidden storage, stacking capabilities, display niches, hidden shelves and split organization systems in their pieces.
While a pair of insulated pieces of ultra modern furniture can serve the purpose of communicating style and status, most function to make a home more habitable. Fabrics and surfaces are durable and washable. Pieces come in the coordination of colors and patterns. Pieces such as mattresses, ceilings and screens serve more purposes to keep room open and flexible.