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Home » Should You Let Someone Else Run Your Business?
AIM/R REP CORNER
Should You Let Someone Else Run Your Business?
To think about the big picture, you must delegate the nitty gritty tasks to someone you trust.
A recent study from researchers at Duke, Vanderbilt, and Harvard Universities took a look at entrepreneurs who started their own businesses with the aim of addressing a long-debated question: Are the people who start companies actually good at running them?
So, what do you think they found? I'll give you a hint: It doesn't look so good for the founders!
The research, which included hundreds of private and public companies, determined that a CEO who is also a company's founder is "significantly less likely to implement basic management practices, even if these practices are associated with better firm performance." In other words, no, people who start companies aren't, in general, very good at running them once they reach a certain size.
Why is this true? The study concluded that many CEO founders basically don't admit that they aren't good managers. They're not as open to changing their company's environment to allow better management practices and tend to be reluctant to give up control.
I can see that. I have a client who, after 20 years of running his business, finally recognized this about himself. He started an equipment distribution business back in the 1980s and has since grown it to more than 100 employees.
But, unfortunately, he still runs the company like a startup. He insists on reviewing small invoices. He micromanages his employees. He is autocratic in his decision-making. He is reluctant to share financial data about his operations even with key people who could use that data to make better decisions. He keeps a tight rein on the company's spending and is very cagey about bringing in any "outsiders." He's a fantastic entrepreneur. But a lousy manager.
And that's where most of us go wrong: We don't recognize our failings as a manager. We're excellent at inspiring, selling, raising money, creating a vision, and building new products. But we're just not very good managers.
Being a manager is a special skill set. It requires a great deal of talent to supervise, monitor, evaluate, and motivate a group of people. It requires patience, documentation, attention to detail, empathy, and trust in others. Many of us — business owners who founded our own companies — lack these skills.
The client I mentioned above started his business right after college. He never worked for a larger company. He was never taught managerial skills. He doesn't know the ins and outs of effectively working with others. He's used to barking out orders and getting his way without a consensus. This is all good for a startup or a very small company. But once you reach a certain size, these characteristics can be debilitating.
Now, at the age of 50, this reality is sinking in. He wants to build more value in his business and plans to sell it one day. To do this, he needs the help of outsiders. So, he's bringing them in. Recently he hired a general manager and new controller. It's a lot of money, a big risk, and — more significantly — a huge change in culture. He's doing the right things, as challenging as they are.
The takeaway is this: Look in the mirror. You've done a great job starting up and growing your business. But are you really the right person to run it, now that it's reached a certain size? The research says that you're probably not. Accept this. Bring in experienced managers. You can still lead, inspire, create, and innovate. But welcome the opportunity for others to run things day to day. Long term… you'll make more money.
Gene Marks writes a daily column for The Washington Post on business and public policy. He also writes weekly for Forbes, Entrepreneur Magazine, Inc. Magazine, and periodically for FoxNews.com. Gene also regularly appears nationally on Fox News, MSNBC, Sirius/XM Radio and ABC radio. Gene has a weekly podcast with The Hartford at https://sba.thehartford.com/category/podcast/. His work reaches an audience of more than half a million business owners, managers and executives each week.
Gene is the author of six books on business management and is a Certified Public Accountant. He also runs The Marks Group PC - a 10-person technology and management consulting firm located near Philadelphia. Prior to starting The Marks Group, he spent nine years with the international firm KPMG most recently as Senior Manager.
Gene speaks frequently to groups such as ours so that we can better understand the trends affecting our businesses and – most importantly – the actions we can take to continue to grow and profit.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Hi! Are there vegetarian options for food at your restaurant? Many thanks.
Hello, we're staying next month for a week. If we hire a car from you/the hotel for 5 people could you tell me how much it would cost? Many thanks and looking forward to staying at your hotel.
Hi, do you have 2 bedroom apartments? We are 2 adults and an 18 year old?
Hi I would like to hire a car for my trip to kissamos. I would like to collect it at the airport and leave it at the airport when I go home. What is the cheapest company to use?
I am not sure but it cost us €490 for two weeks which was arranged by Dimitris who owns where we are staying. Really easy and slightly weird as we got out of the airport we followed instructions on where to find the cars and there they were with the keys on ready so we just got in and drove, felt like we were steeling them.
"all rooms have a balcony or terrace, and all have nice views with mountains on 2 sides, and a view of the beach"
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Collective Intelligence to Solve the MegaCrisis
William E. Halal, The TechCast Project, George Washington University
Note: This article is a summary of our three-part study covered in the blogs of April 11, April 25 and May 9.
The coronavirus is a stark reminder of the devastating damage that could be inflicted by cyberattacks, superbugs, freak weather and a variety of other threats. These wild cards are in addition to the existential challenge posed by climate change, gross inequality, financial meltdowns, autocratic governments, terrorism and other massive problems collectively called the Global MegaCrisis.
I sense the world is so frightened by recent disasters that people are searching for new solutions. They seem ready to break from the past that is no longer working. Climate change is starting to bite, for instance, and there is a growing consensus that the status quo is no longer sustainable.
I have studied this dilemma for decades, and I think it can be best understood as a transition to the next stage of social evolution. The Knowledge Age that dominated the last two decades is fading into the past as AI automates knowledge, forcing us to move beyond knowledge and develop a global consciousness able to resolve the MegaCrisis.
Yes, I know this is a bold claim, but that is how the shift to a world of knowledge looked 40 years ago. When computers filled rooms, I recall telling people that we were entering a world of personal computers. The typical response was "Why would anyone want a personal computer?"
Just so, today's post-factual era illustrates how the smart phone, social media, and autocrats like Trump have moved public attention beyond knowledge and into a world of values, emotions and beliefs. Now the challenge is to use these new powers of social media to shape a global consciousness, or face disaster. While this may seem impossible, that is always the case before major upheavals. Nobody thought the USSR would collapse up until its very end.
In fact, the Business Roundtable's recent announcement that business should move beyond the bottom line to include the interests of all stakeholders is revolutionary. It has now been promulgated by the World Economic Forum and other influential bodies. The gravity of this change is such that business is now being told to help resolve the climate crisis. Larry Fink, who runs the biggest investment firm in the world (Black Rock), directed the companies he owns to help address climate costs in their operations; within days, many firms announced climate plans.
This historic shift in consciousness could make corporations models of cooperation for society at large. In short, I think the world is heading toward some type of historic shift in consciousness, a collective epiphany, a code of global ethics, a spiritual revolution, a political paradigm shift or a new mindset. Without a consciousness based on global unity, cooperation and other essential beliefs, there seems little hope. And with a shift to global consciousness, it all seems possible.
Toward a Global Consciousness
The governing ideas inherited from the industrial past are outdated and heading toward disaster. It is a collapse of today's reigning "materialist" ideology of Capitalism, economic growth, money, power, self-interest, rationality, knowledge, etc. These values remain valid and useful, of course, but they are now badly limited. Prevailing practices in the US, as the most prominent example, are failing to address the climate crisis, low wage employee welfare, universal health care, women's rights, political gridlock, aging infrastructure and other social issues that lie beyond sheer economics.
This could become a "Collapse of Capitalism" roughly equivalent to the "Collapse of Communism" in the 1990s, and it stems from the same fatal flaw – failure to adapt to a changing world. Communism could not meet the complex demands of the Information Revolution, and now Capitalism seems to be failing to adapt to a unified globe threatened by pandemics, climate change and the other threats making up the MegaCrisis.
The big question remaining is, "What should be the new vision, values, principles, and policies?" At the risk of appearing pedantic, I integrate what has been learned above and my forthcoming book, Beyond Knowledge, to outline five principles of what I consider "global consciousness."
1. Treat the planet and all life forms as sacred. The Fermi Paradox notes that no other civilizations have been detected after decades of SETI searching. This rarity of life reminds us what a miracle plant Earth really is, and that we are responsible for its well-being.
2.Govern the world as a unified whole. Nations remain the major players in this global order, but they should be lightly governed by some type of global institution like the UN and other international bodies. Individuals should continue to be loyal to their nations and local institutions, but they should also accept their role as global citizens.
3. Collaborate with stakeholders to serve collective needs. Free enterprise is the basis of society, and the good news is that business is on the verge of becoming cooperative. The Business Roundtable announcement that all stakeholders should be treated equally with investors seems an historic breakthrough. This move to a quasi-democratic form of enterprise could set a new standard for collaborative behavior and human values throughout modern societies. One of the benefits from a tragedy like this crisis may be a loss of faith in the status quo and an urge to cooperate. I see it everywhere, and it is a blessing in disguise emerging out of chaos.
4.Embrace diversity as an asset. Rather than becoming a uniform pallid bureaucracy, a unified world should embrace the wondrous diversity of cultures and individuals. Working across such differences poses a challenge, naturally, but differences are also a source of new knowledge, talents and human energy.
5.Celebrate community. Any society needs frequent opportunities to gather together in good spirit, enjoy differences and commonalities, and to simply celebrate the glory of life. The World Olympics Games, for instance, are special because they provide a rare feeling of global community. We could witness a flowering of celebratory events over the coming years to nourish the global soul.
Shaping Consciousness
This is only one small study, of course, but I hope it provokes thinking toward a widely held vision for planet Earth at a time of crisis. An historic change in consciousness is hardly done overnight, and the obstacles posed by the status quo are formidable. But the Information Revolution provides a powerful method for shaping consciousness by using the Internet and public media. Think of the explosion of ideas, hatred and forbidden desires released by billions of people blasting into loudspeakers like Facebook and Twitter. Anybody can use the media to shape public opinion instantly, for better or worse.
The task we face is to shape a unified consciousness out of this morass of differences to solve the global crises that loom ahead. Today's threats to reason is challenging us to counter wrongheaded beliefs and to provide more attractive visions, such as the principles for global consciousness outlined here. I suggest the place to begin is by discussing these ideas as widely as possible, and to shape public opinion roughly along these lines.
Click here to see this article
A related version has been published in the Journal of Futures Research.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The 112th Congress failed to reauthorize VAWA in 2012, but fortunately, a bipartisan Violence Against Women Reauthorization Act (S. 47) was reintroduced in the Senate on Tuesday, January 22, 2013, by Senator Patrick Leahy (D-VT) and Senator Michael Crapo (R-ID). Below are resources that the National Latin@ Network contributed to as part of our efforts to promote a version of VAWA in 2012 that would protect ALL survivors, including immigrant women. To learn more about the current status of VAWA reuthorzation, please visit our VAWA Reauthorization 2013 page.
VAWA was reintroduced in the Introduced by Senator Leahy (D-VT) and Senator Crapo (R-ID) on November 30, 2011, Senate Bill S.1925 passed on April 26, 2012 on a vote of 68-31. This bill kept all existing protections for immigrant victims in place and improves upon them. On April 27, 2012 Representative Sandy Adams (R-FL) introduced the House of Representative's version of a VAWA reauthorization bill, H.R.4970. On May 16, 2012 H.R. 4970 passed the House by a narrow margin of 222-205.
Place victims on a path from report to deport and discourage victims of crime from cooperating with law enforcement by denying access to lawful permanent resident status to many victims, which in many cases could result in separating abused mothers from their American-born children.
In the Congress there are two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The two chambers use the same process for passing legislation, although there are differences in rules and jurisdiction. During the 111th Congress (2009 - 2010), 10,237 bills were introduced and 366 were enacted.
We have created an infographic to demonstrate the legislative process and illustrate all the steps that a bill must go through before it becomes a law. Each box represents a unique step in the process. If you move your cursor over the boxes, text appears in the middle of the page that provides additional information related to that step in the process.
Anyone may draft a bill (representative, a state legislature, the people, the executive branch).
Only members of congress in the House or Senate can introduce the bill (by doing so, they become the sponsors of the bill).
After the bill is introduced, it is referred to an appropriate committee.
The bill is examined carefully and if the committee does not act on a bill, the bill becomes "dead".
Often, bills are referred to subcommittees for study and hearings.
Hearings provide the opportunity to record the views of the executive branch, public officials and supporters, experts, and opponents of the legislation.
When hearings are completed, the subcommittee may meet to make changes and amendments. The subcommittee then decides whether to report it (recommend it) to the full committee.
If a subcommittee votes not to report legislation to the full committee, the bill dies.
The full committee can hold hearings, and during markups, consider other amendments.
The full committee votes to determine if the bill advances to the Floor of that chamber (House or Senate).
The bill can fail in full committee and cannot advance without a full committee vote.
Voting is done after debate and approval of any amendments.
The bill is either passed or defeated.
If passed, the House or Senate sends the bill to the second chamber where the process repeats.
The chamber may approve that bill as it was received, reject it, ignore it, or change it.
It is formed when the actions of the other chamber significantly alter the bill to reconcile differences between the House and the Senate versions.
If they are unable to reach an agreement, the legislation dies.
If agreement is reached, a conference report is prepared describing the committee's recommendations for changes.
The House and Senate must approve the conference report.
The House and Senate vote on the identical form of the bill.
If either chamber does not approve the bill, it dies.
If the House and Senate approve the bill in identical form, it is sent to the president.
If the President approves of the legislation, it is signed and it becomes a law.
If the President opposes the bill, it is vetoed.
If the President takes no action for 10 days, while Congress is in session, it automatically becomes a law.
If the President takes no action after the Congress has adjourned its second session, it is a "pocket veto" and the legislation dies.
Congress may attempt to override a veto.
If both the Senate and the House pass the bill by a two-thirds majority, the president's veto is overruled and the bill becomes a law.


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Benny and Shrimp By Katarina Mazetti
In Benny and Shrimp, Katarina Mazetti brilliantly captures the intensity of an unexpected love affair, and the heartbreaking inevitability with which life tends to get in the way.
Benny and Shrimp Summary
Why is it so impossible to get a relationship to work between two mature single people, driven by an enormous longing and loudly ticking biological clocks? Especially when they are struck by a totally unexpected passion when they first meet - In alternate chapters, Benny and "Shrimp" tell the story of a love that started by mistake in a village cemetery, a love that should not really be as complicated as it seems. She is a childless young widow with a sharp intellect and a home so tidy that even her jam jars are in alphabetical order. He is a gentle, overworked milk farmer, a reluctant loner, who fears becoming the village's Old Bachelor. The attraction between them is powerful. But how will she learn to accept that he falls asleep at the opera and has a house full of his mother's embroidered wall hangings, and how could he ever feel at home in her minimalist apartment, bare as a dentist's waiting room?
Benny and Shrimp Reviews
"A charming off-beat love story. Funny and addictive." The Times "This offbeat, down to earth love story is refreshingly light to read, and addictive" The Observer "Sweet and pleasingly down to earth. It is no wonder that Mazetti's offbeat romance was a runaway bestseller in her native Sweden" Daily Mail
About Katarina Mazetti
Katarina Mazetti began her career as a teacher and gradually moved into broadcast journalism. She is a prize-nominated author, commentator, musician, poet and producer of 'Freja', a programme for women on Swedish Radio.
Katarina Mazetti
Short Books Ltd
Customer Reviews - Benny and Shrimp


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Home > Daily Fantasy Sports > Stars Draft vs Star Fantasy Leagues
Best Daily
Fan Duel
Stars Draft
Star Fntsy Leagues
Alpha Draft
Draft Hero
"Online Poker: Winning Strategies Revealed"
Stars Draft vs Star Fantasy Leagues
To help you find the Best Daily Fantasy Sports, TopConsumerReviews.com provides you with an in-depth comparison of Stars Draft and Star Fantasy Leagues.
To see ALL of our reviews for the Best Daily Fantasy Sports, please Click Here
Fantasy sports are a great way to have fun with your favorite sport – whether it's football, baseball, basketball, hockey or other team sports. Whether its professional or college, for those that have a competitive nature, fantasy sports teams allow individuals to create their own unique, customized team across any player in the league.
Fantasy sports have been around for many years. Thankfully, the days of being limited to a work or neighborhood fantasy sport league, and manually calculating scores are a thing of the past.
Stars Draft is a newcomer to the fantasy sports gaming world. They started as Victiv in 2014 and recently were bought by Poker Stars, the largest online poker website in the world. With a heavy investment from the new owners and a brand new name, Stars Draft is poised to make a move up the rankings in the daily fantasy sports market.
Stars Draft features daily fantasy sports games in the NBA, MLB, NFL, NHL and PGA. The website is a little plain looking, but it's simple enough to navigate and signing up to start playing is as easy as entering a user name, e-mail and password. The main page advertises a play for free option, and indeed you can do just that with one of our favorite features at Stars Draft. When you sign up Stars Draft will award you 5 "bankroll building" entry tickets for free. You can use these tickets to enter up to 5 contests for free, and if you win these contests you can win up to $15 in real money. This isn't going to draw any high rollers, but it's a nice way to learn the Stars Draft interface and gaming system while still playing for actual money.
Once a player decides to deposit more money into their account, Stars Drafts makes that easy as well. Users can deposit into their account using major credit cards or Pay Pal, and Stars Draft will match 100% of the initial deposit up to $250. This is a decent starting bonus and better than many of the other daily fantasy sports sites we have reviewed.
The main problem with Stars Draft is that they are still very new, and so suffer from a small but growing player base. There aren't as many contests to enter as some of Stars Draft's larger competitors, and at the time of this draft the total payout advertised on the website was 9 million dollars. This is a lot smaller than some of the top dogs in fantasy sports who measure their payout totals in the billions of dollars each year.
Selecting a game and a team is a simple, intuitive process at Stars Draft. You can select contests based on the sport, and then choose your roster from a list of players on the left side of the screen. We really like the player selection list at Stars Draft. There are on-screen statistics for each player, the ability to statistically compare two players, and even a Twitter feed to instantly retrieve up to the second information on any player. This allows for quicker research without having to go to other websites in order to review the current status of players.
For a newcomer to the scene, we really liked Stars Draft and would have ranked it higher if they had a larger player base and higher payout totals. Still, anyone looking for a new daily fantasy sports gaming site should give Stars Draft a look, as the ease of use, player selection system and free play option are all top notch.
Star Fantasy Leagues is a new player in the daily fantasy sports market that offers standard fantasy sports gaming options in professional football, baseball, basketball and hockey. The website offers no information on total payouts or player base, so it's likely servicing a smaller audience than some of the other top players in the competitive daily fantasy sports market.
There is a lot to like about Star Fantasy Leagues, and some things that are not so great. To start with the positive, the website is well presented and fairly easy to navigate. The game lobby lists the game options and has a helpful filter features that allows users to filter for sport, game type, buy-in amount and size. Some of the standard game options are here for the four major sports, with options for Guaranteed Prize Pools and head to head contests. At the time of this review we didn't see any 50/50 options, but as noted, Star Fantasy Leagues is very new and still expanding their business.
One feature we really liked at Star Fantasy Leagues is their "daily free roll" option. Most daily fantasy sports sites offer contests that you can enter for free, but don't pay out any money for winning. These options appeal to players who want to play for fun and don't actually want to deposit any money. The other option of course is to deposit money and enter games that can return cash winnings. Star Fantasy League daily free roll offers the best of both worlds…a chance to enter a contest for free but still walk away with a cash prize! Other fantasy sports websites offer free rolls, but most only weekly or even once a season. This daily free roll option is a great perk of Star Fantasy Leagues and should attract casual users and hopefully add to their fairly small player base.
First on the not-so-great list is the deposit bonus. Nearly every other daily fantasy sports website offers a 100% deposit match up to a certain amount of money. Star Fantasy Leagues offers a pretty meager 20% deposit match, the lowest we have seen. Additionally, the player base is so low that we found it difficult to find contests with more than one or two players entered. This is going to be a big drawback for high rollers because this will limit the cash prize in most of the contests.
The interface at Star Fantasy Leagues is nice and the daily free roll is a neat feature, but overall they are still very small. Keep an eye on Star Fantasy Leagues as they develop, but anyone looking for a more robust fantasy gaming experience may want to try one of the more established players in the daily fantasy sports market.
A long list of impressive online fantasy sport websites exist today and allow individuals the opportunity to participate in fantasy sports when it fits best into their schedule. Players receive points for each player's individual performance that week and are compared to others to determine a winner.
If you're looking for the best fantasy sport websites available today, TopConsumerReviews.com has reviewed and ranked a long list of potential options. Before you start up your next online fantasy sports team, consider the following:
Ease of use. How easy is it to navigate the website, select players and manage your team?
Sports. How many different types of sports can you have fun with? For example, Football, Baseball, Basketball, Hockey, and so on.
Game Prep. Does the website provide player analysis and other helpful statistics for building a winning team?
Mobile App. Are you able to create and manage your team from the convenience of your phone?
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A former Bachelor contestant appeared to win $1 million playing daily fantasy during this weekend's NFL playoff games
Some Twitter users are questioning whether Roper-Tolbert colluded with her husband to maximize her DraftKings entries for an unfair advantage.
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text:
Antic est un magazine vidéoludique américain consacré à la famille Atari 8 bits et plus tard à l'Atari ST, publié entre  et juin ou . Il a été nommé d'après la puce , utilisée dans certains ordinateurs pour fournir des graphismes en 2D. Le magazine contenait des critiques et des tutoriels de jeux Atari et des  imprimés (généralement en BASIC ). Chaque numéro présentait un Jeu du mois.

Son principal rival aux États-Unis était ANALOG Computing, un autre magazine de longue date consacré à la ligne Atari 8 bits. Les magazines INFORMEZ! et Family Computing ont également fourni à Atari 8 bits des programmes de saisie.

Historique
Le programmeur de la NASA, Jim Capparell, était l'un des premiers propriétaires d'Atari 8 bits. Il quitte son emploi le  pour fonder un magazine sur l'ordinateur. Des sociétés comme On-Line Systems, Broderbund et Synapse Software ont acceptent d'acheter des espaces publicitaires dans sa nouvelle publication, et le personnel de Capparell distribue le premier numéro de 30 pages à la  en . Le premier numéro d'Antic fut publié en . Alors qu'il commençait comme un magazine bimensuel, il devient mensuel un an après.

En , le magazine comptait 148 pages, mais en 1984, Antic a vu ses ventes publicitaires baisser de 50% en 90 jours. Le catalogue Antic Software, lié à chaque numéro, contenait des logiciels du domaine public, des produits republiés par Atari Program Exchange après son pliage et des titres originaux. Cela a aidé l'entreprise à éviter la faillite et, en 1985, elle lance une rubrique II Computing pour la série Apple II.

Antic commence à vendre des jeux et des logiciels sous le nom de Antic Software après la fermeture d'Atari Program Exchange par Atari, Inc.. Le catalogue Antic Software était lié aux numéros du magazine et comprenait d'anciens titres APX.

En 1985, Antic ouvre une nouvelle section, ST Resource, consacrée à la ligne Atari ST.

Un magazine pour l'Amiga, le principal concurrent de l'Atari ST, a été publié entre 1989 à 1991 sous le nom Amiga Plus d'Antic.

Typo
Un utilitaire appelé TYPO () et un jeu sur les erreurs typographiques ont été utilisés pour vérifier que les programmes étaient correctement saisis. Il génère une somme de contrôle pour chaque ligne Atari BASIC entrée dans un programme. En comparant la somme de contrôle de chaque ligne avec celle imprimée dans le magazine, le lecteur pouvait savoir s'il avait correctement tapé le code source BASIC. TYPO a ensuite été remplacé par TYPO II, un programme plus petit et plus rapide.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Article connexe
 Liste de magazines de jeux vidéo

Liens externes
 La bibliothèque du magazine Antic au Center for Computing History

Magazine américain de jeu vidéo
Titre de presse créé en 1982
Titre de presse disparu en 1990

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


"Amount's, whats going on in that line?.... are we going to see new things in that line or are we moving in the direction of Emount Full Frame?"
The Sony answers... "We are moving largely towards"... then he stops himself ... "uh... wait, I et um.... and QX...".
so Sony is moving LARGELY (as in not completely) to E-mount - and you havent seen this happening over the last couple of years?
Couldn't get much clearer than that.
Of course I noticed that Sony is moving toward Emount.... and I have noticed that it has been accelerating over the last year.
If it were true, how hard would it have been to say, "we are working hard on continued development of Amount cameras"
The smile that disappears, the pull back answer, the quick topic change, the uncomfortable movements... It doesn't get much clearer.
If they are moving away from A-mount.. why did they release 4 lenses in 2013 the same is in 2012 and double the 2 I think in 2011? Pretty stupid way to leave a mount developing lenses that cost between 2000-12000 bucks that you can't sell.
After 4 years e-mount just NOW is at 21.. lenses.. it just caught up with the number of lenses a-mount started with..
Geeze you would be pathetic as managers.. "Lets build a system of small cameras that will sell well to more casual users and just to keep some Whiners on DPR happy lets starve it for lenses so we never ever release more than a-mount in a year.". Than Sony does have a problem..
It's like the old Sunday school joke.
helicopter comes along lowers a ladder he waves it off No I am waiting for God to save me I need to know he cares.
God says.. I sent you a boat and helicopter.. what more do you want?
Sony keeps A-mount lens releases steady actually more in the last 2 years than the previous 2 years.. and you say I see no support.
Sony goes to Pro photography shows with the 2nd largest booth and does full working pro workshops and you say I see no interest in advanced cameras anymore.
Sony tells you they are committed to the A-mount System and you say.. I wish they would tell me something..
And I will ROFLMA if you sell your gear at a loss ... just before Sony's on schedule updates to A-mounts come out and you will be here.. going "Why didn't Sony give us a sign.."
Even when a business doesn't want to tip its hand, there are strong indicators of where they are going months before in rhythms in releases in who they spend their money talking to.... IF you get past your e-mount envy.. and just look at a-mount rhythms they are not behind on body releases.. they have not slowed lens releases.. they is no fall off in lens, support, or working on building interest in the Advanced Photographer community.
BTW if you crunch the lens numbers in a different way.. Sony released more FF in both A-mount and E-mount in 2013 than APC in either.. and Sony released more A-mount lenses than APC e-mount which seems to be trailing off now that that system has a solid base of lenses.


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text:
Vitaliy Zakharchenko: The assault on Vuhledar is forcing the Armed Forces of Ukraine to tear apart reserves along the entire front in Donbass
Vladimir Skachko: Russia — the West: balls and tribunal cases
On the website of the main opposition project of Ukraine "Voice of Truth» a new entry by an opposition journalist has been published Vladimir Skachko:
On November 30, 2022, on the International Day of Sex, officially established in the UNESCO calendar in 2007, France for some reason had a very strong fantasy, and she wanted, excuse me, to "fuck" Russia a little. Financially.
That is, to take away from her 330 billion euros of assets of the Russian Central Bank and 20 billion euros belonging to Russian oligarchs and private companies. All these funds with the start of Russia's special military operation in Ukraine on February 24 of this year were blocked, and then frozen in various Western countries. And Westerners of all stripes and ranks very quickly showed that they are not common people and not noteworthy democrats and knights of freedom, but banal ballers who love gratuitousness, that your homeless from the gateway, who saw on the street a suddenly immobilized drunk from rich passers-by.
There has long been talk in the West that it would be nice to "punish Putin" and take this money away in some cunning way. confiscate, that is.
But it is impossible, because, firstly, the basic Western principle of their collective (in a good sense so far) cohabitation is collapsing - the inviolability of private property. Secondly, in response, Russia can confiscate the assets and property of Western companies on its territory in the same way, and the amounts of these, let's put it mildly, operations can be comparable. And the Westerners in this matter are like your eternally bewildered Ukrainians: wow, what are we for? No wonder, apparently, they are talking about the Ukrainization of the West ...
But not the point. On the last day of autumn, a representative of the French Foreign Ministry said that his country had begun work with European and Ukrainian partners to create a special tribunal to investigate Russia's actions in Ukraine. Moreover, back in October of this year, French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna said that Paris does not support the idea of creating a special tribunal.
The idea was immediately picked up by the head of the European Commission (EC), Ursula von der Leyen, whom God himself ordered to celebrate the day of sex and, sorry again, fuck others: she is a mother of seven children and an obstetrician-gynecologist by profession. Nobles oblizh, as the French say, the position obliges. Behind her, EU High Commissioner for Diplomacy Josep Borrell sniffed out gratuitousness (judging by his appearance, he always needs money for a hangover) and supported the idea. "We are in favor of holding the Russians accountable for what they have done. And since Russia and Ukraine are not members of the International Criminal Court (ICC), it might be a good idea to look for special jurisdiction," Borrell said in an interview with Politico.
I am sure that other Western politicians will also warmly respond to the opportunity to profit from the ball. Under the guise of "punishing Russia for Ukraine." What? It's a noble and pecuniary thing. Moreover, in October, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) also called for the creation of a special international criminal tribunal for Ukraine, initially violating the basic principle of the impartiality of the trial and designating Russia as guilty even before the creation of such an instance.
So it will continue to be. The thing is that on the same day of international sex, a wet fantasy, despite her age, still visited Ursula from memory, and she was terribly excited by Russian money and the possibility of taking it away. She proposed to create a fund of frozen 300 billion euros of Russian assets and 19 billion euros of private assets and transfer them to Ukraine to compensate for payments. Of course, under the control of Europe - it must bank when, where and how much money Putin's victorious Ukraine can receive.
At the same time, Ursula openly announced the amounts that the West would like to receive. According to her, the EC estimated its damage from the Ukrainian conflict at 600 billion euros. The previous estimate was almost half that, 385 billion Eurobubbles.
So why not just take this money from Russia by the law of the strong and according to international rules, which in the West, with the light hand of the United States, have long replaced international law? I have already said above: the fear of retaliatory actions from Russia, which has already called such plans "theft" and may well confiscate and take away the assets of Western companies in Russia.
But greed, along the way, still outweighed caution and fears - they decided to rob. It is understandable - such a carcass was caught in the net!
And the international special tribunal in this case is just a tool that will legalize robbery, giving it the appearance of a just punishment and a legally justified act. Everyone is used to the fact that someone can be called a criminal only by a court decision. That's for Russia and varganyut such a court. Or rather, a tribunal.
And I must say that they do it quite systematically and consistently:
- first they demonize Russia, attributing to it all conceivable and unthinkable crimes;
- then they fix them, fix them in various international documents - resolutions of the UN, OSCE and other international "small fry";
- in parallel, they introduce other measures to discredit and punish Russia. For example, since the 2014 coup d'état in Ukraine and after the start of the NMD, the West has already: a) imposed numerous sanctions against Russia, and now it is preparing to introduce the ninth package of sanctions; b) carried out the arrest and freezing of the assets of the Russian Central Bank and the oligarchs; c) in all countries, in a race, began to prepare legislative acts (laws, decrees, resolutions, etc.) to justify the extraction and seizure of Russian assets and the development (if possible) of a single universal Western document that would legally justify robbery in the jurisdiction of any Western country ; d) On November 23 this year, the European Parliament voted for a resolution in which Russia is called a "state sponsoring terrorism and a state using means of terrorism". This, too, should justify the theft of Russian funds in the eyes of the Western electorate - after all, they don't stand on ceremony with a terrorist.
And here is the icing on the cake - the international tribunal. Tool and excuse at the same time. According to the type of Nuremberg, which was over the Nazis. And the West will not dry out the language to draw such parallels. Or like the tribunals set up on the initiative or with the blessing of the UN for the former Yugoslavia, for Rwanda, over the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia, for Lebanon and Sierra Leone. History remembers that even Russian President Dmitry Medvedev in 2009 proposed the creation of an international tribunal for piracy, which plagues humanity.
And what is most characteristic: to establish a tribunal, either an international treaty or a resolution of the UN Security Council is necessary or desirable. The UN Charter does not directly provide for the right of the UN Security Council to create tribunals. However, according to Article 29 of the Charter, the Security Council may establish such subsidiary bodies as it deems necessary for the performance of its functions. And an international tribunal of the type is listed as a body created for the trial of persons accused of committing international crimes. And it does not function on a permanent basis, but is established to consider cases united by common features (for example, crimes committed in a certain territory). And in the case when crimes are massive, and the state where they are committed is not able to protect citizens. The Tribunal does its job, in addition to and instead of the International Court of Justice, which is the main judicial body of the UN.
And now the West will drive an even more sophisticated and massive blizzard to demonize Russia. In order, therefore, to create a base for a tribunal. So that he, in turn, created a base for robbing Russia. Here is such a multi-layered and multi-pass squiggle.
And for Russia there is a huge danger of losing both money and reputation. After all, the West is already doing this work. The initiator from the French Foreign Ministry said clearly: "As for the proposal to create a special tribunal for Russian crimes in Ukraine, we have begun work with our European and Ukrainian partners." This means that there will be either an agreement, or the desired treaty, or another appeal to the UN, which, if you remember, recently discussed a resolution on reparations to Russia for the restoration of Ukraine. And here, too, we are talking about the restoration of "nenko".
Thank God, Russia understands this. In any case, Russia's permanent representative to the UN, Vasily Nebenzya, understands everything clearly: "This is an example of what is called the 'rules-based international order'. They come up with these "rules", then pass them off as universal, and also try to hide behind the authority of the UN. All this is an attempt to cover their lawlessness with unsuitable means. They want to get a pushed-through decision of the UN General Assembly (the resolution on reparations to Kyiv initiated by the West), and then leave the UN alone and do it themselves, without asking anyone and without reporting to anyone. They will try to substantiate this by the resolution adopted by the General Assembly, that is, to give lawlessness some form of legitimacy. That's what they needed all this for."
In the same way, along the way, they think in the Kremlin. The press secretary of President Vladimir Putin, Dmitry Peskov, has already stated that the intentions and attempts of France, together with European partners, to organize a tribunal to investigate "Russian crimes in Ukraine" will have no legitimacy. "They will not be accepted by us and will be condemned by us," he concluded.
And Russian senators and Duma members, having fun from the bottom of their hearts, proposed instead or in parallel to create a tribunal to investigate colonial affairs in Africa, where the countries of the same European Union once left a strong legacy - there is something to investigate.
But still: if someone stirs up the water so hard, it means that he still wants to get his goldfish. Unless you give him a hand, of course.
This entry is also available on Online the author.
Vladimir Skachko
Opposition journalist
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text:
Works by C. A. Hooker
( view other items matching `C. A. Hooker`, view all matches )
The logical structure of mathematical physics.C. A. Hooker - 1975 - Tijdschrift Voor Filosofie 37 (1):151-152.details
Images of Science: Essays on Realism and Empiricism.P. M. Churchland & C. A. Hooker (eds.) - 1985 - University of Chicago Press.details
Constructive Empiricism in General Philosophy of Science
Towards a General Theory of Reduction. Part I: Historical and Scientific Setting.C. A. Hooker - 1981 - Dialogue 20 (1):38-59.details
The Three Papers comprising this series, together with my earlier [34] also published in this journal, constitute an attempt to set out the major issues in the theoretical domain of reduction and to develop a general theory of theory reduction. The fourth paper, [34], though published separately from this trio, is integral to the presentation and should be read in conjunction with these papers. Even so, the presentation is limited in scope – roughly, to intertheoretic reduction among empirical theories – (...) and informal in presentation – not least because a satisfying formal account of theories has yet to be offered. And despite the length, the treatment is still condensed; often corroborating and/or intuitively helpful detail has had to be consigned to footnotes or omitted. I approach the problem from within my own naturalistic realist philosophy of science and formal analysis of abstract hierarchy in theory. The sources for the former are [25], [29], [31], and [32] and those for the latter essentially [27] and [30]. Hierarchical notions played a significant role in the already published [34]. (shrink)
Theory Reduction in General Philosophy of Science
The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics.C. A. Hooker - 1973 - Philosophy of Science 40 (1):130-131.details
Towards a General Theory of Reduction. Part III: Cross-Categorical Reduction.C. A. Hooker - 1981 - Dialogue 20 (3):496-529.details
Any theory of reduction that goes only so far as carried in Parts I and II does only half the job. Prima facie at least, there are cases of would-be reduction which seem torn between two conflicting intuitions. On the one side there is a strong intuition that reduction is involved, and a strongly retentive reduction at that. On the other side it seems that the concepts at one level cross-classify those at the other level, so that there is no (...) way to identify properties at one level with those at the other. There is evidence to suggest that there will be no unique mental state/neural state association that can be set up, because, e.g., many different parts of the nervous system are all capable of taking over 'control' of the one mental function. And it is alleged that infinitely many, worse: indefinitely many, different bio-chemo-physical states could correspond to the economic property 'has a monetary system of economic exchange'; and similarly for the property 'has just won a game of tennis'. Yet one doesn't want an economic system or a game of tennis to be some ghostly addition to the actual bio-chemo-physical processes and events involved. Similarly one hopes that neurophysiology allied with the rest of natural science will render human experience and behaviour explicable. (shrink)
Reduction in Physical Science in Philosophy of Physical Science
Asymptotics, reduction and emergence.C. A. Hooker - 2004 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 55 (3):435-479.details
All the major inter-theoretic relations of fundamental science are asymptotic ones, e.g. quantum theory as Planck's constant h 0, yielding (roughly) Newtonian mechanics. Thus asymptotics ultimately grounds claims about inter-theoretic explanation, reduction and emergence. This paper examines four recent, central claims by Batterman concerning asymptotics and reduction. While these claims are criticised, the discussion is used to develop an enriched, dynamically-based account of reduction and emergence, to show its capacity to illuminate the complex variety of inter-theory relationships in physics, and (...) to provide a principled resolution to such persistent philosophical problems as multiple realisability and the nature of the special sciences. Introduction Exposition Examination I: Claims (1) and (2), asymptotic explanation and reference Examination II: Claim (3), reduction and singular asymptotics Examination III: Claim (4), emergence and multiple realisability Conclusion. (shrink)
Emergence in Metaphysics
Autonomy and the emergence of intelligence: Organised interactive construction.W. D. Christensen & C. A. Hooker - 2000 - Communication and Cognition-Artificial Intelligence 17 (3-4):133-157.details
Autonomy in Social and Political Philosophy
Interaction and bio-cognitive order.C. A. Hooker - 2009 - Synthese 166 (3):513-546.details
The role of interaction in learning is essential and profound: it must provide the means to solve open problems (those only vaguely specified in advance), but cannot be captured using our familiar formal cognitive tools. This presents an impasse to those confined to present formalisms; but interaction is fundamentally dynamical, not formal, and with its importance thus underlined it invites the development of a distinctively interactivist account of life and mind. This account is provided, from its roots in the interactivist (...) biological constitution of life, through the evolution of the dual internal regulatory capacities expressed as intentionality and intelligence, to its expression in self-directed anticipative learning in persons and in science. (shrink)
Causal Necessity: A Pragmatic Investigation of the Necessity of Laws.C. A. Hooker - 1984 - Noûs 18 (3):517-521.details
The Structure of Scientific Theories.C. A. Hooker - 1975 - Philosophy of Science 42 (1):107-107.details
Towards a General Theory of Reduction. Part II: Identity in Reduction.C. A. Hooker - 1981 - Dialogue 20 (2):201-236.details
Part I of this trilogy, Historical and Scientific Setting, set out a general context for selecting a certain subclass of inter-theoretic relations as achieving appropriate explanatory and ontological unification – hence for properly being labelled reductive. Something of the complexity of these relations in real science was explored. The present article concentrates on the role which identity plays in structuring the reduction relation and so in achieving ontological and explanatory unification.
The Logico-Algebraic Approach to Quantum Mechanics.C. A. Hooker - 1975details
Quantum Logic in Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Systematic realism.C. A. Hooker - 1974 - Synthese 26 (3-4):409 - 497.details
Realism and Anti-Realism in Metaphysics
Varieties of Scientific Realism in General Philosophy of Science
Philosophy and meta-philosophy of science: Empiricism, popperianism and realism.C. A. Hooker - 1975 - Synthese 32 (1-2):177 - 231.details
An explicit philosophy and meta-philosophy of positivism, empiricism and popperianism is provided. Early popperianism is argued to be essentially a form of empiricism, the deviations from empiricism are traced. In contrast, the meta-philosophy and philosophy of an evolutionary naturalistic realism is developed and it is shown how the maximal conflict of this doctrine with all forms of empiricism at the meta-philosophical level both accounts for the form of its development at the philosophical level and its defense against attack from nonrealist (...) quarters. Following an earlier article on realism of similar theme (Synthese 26 (1974), 409) this paper then further explores the ramifications of a thoroughgoing realist position. (shrink)
Popper: Epistemology in 20th Century Philosophy
Projection, physical intelligibility, objectivity and completeness: The divergent ideals of Bohr and Einstein.C. A. Hooker - 1991 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 42 (4):491-511.details
It is shown how the development of physics has involved making explicit what were homocentric projections which had heretofore been implicit, indeed inexpressible in theory. This is shown to support a particular notion of the invariant as the real. On this basis the divergence in ideals of physical intelligibility between Bohr and Einstein is set out. This in turn leads to divergent, but explicit, conceptions of objectivity and completeness for physical theory. *I am indebted to Dr. G. McLelland. Professor F. (...) Rohrlich and an anonymous referee of this journal for several improvements in the formulation of the paper. (shrink)
Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics in Philosophy of Physical Science
Applying self-directed anticipative learning to science I: Agency, error, and the interactive exploration of possibility space in early ape-langugae research.Robert P. Farrell & C. A. Hooker - 2007 - Perspectives on Science 15 (1):87-124.details
: The purpose of this paper and its sister paper (Farrell and Hooker, b) is to present, evaluate and elaborate a proposed new model for the process of scientific development: self-directed anticipative learning (SDAL). The vehicle for its evaluation is a new analysis of a well-known historical episode: the development of ape-language research. In this first paper we outline five prominent features of SDAL that will need to be realized in applying SDAL to science: 1) interactive exploration of possibility space; (...) 2) self-directedness; 3) localization of success and error; 4) Synergistic increase in learning capacity; and 5) continuity of SDAL process across scientific change. In this paper we examine the first three features of SDAL in relation to the early history of ape-language research. We show that this history is readily explicated as a self-directed, ever-finer, delineation of possibility space that enables the localization of both success and error. Paper II examines the last two features against this history. (shrink)
Animal Minds in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Evolution of Phenomena in Philosophy of Biology
Language Acquisition in Philosophy of Language
Psychology of Learning in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Scientific Progress in General Philosophy of Science
Idealisation, naturalism, and rationality: Some lessons from minimal rationality.C. A. Hooker - 1994 - Synthese 99 (2):181 - 231.details
In his bookMinimal Rationality (1986), Christopher Cherniak draws deep and widespread conclusions from our finitude, and not only for philosophy but also for a wide range of science as well. Cherniak's basic idea is that traditional philosophical theories of rationality represent idealisations that are inaccessible to finite rational agents. It is the purpose of this paper to apply a theory of idealisation in science to Cherniak's arguments. The heart of the theory is a distinction between idealisations that represent reversible, solely (...) quantitative simplifications and those that represent irreversible, degenerate idealisations which collapse out essential theoretical structure. I argue that Cherniak's position is best understood as assigning the latter status to traditional rationality theories and that, so understood, his arguments may be illuminated, expanded, and certain common criticisms of them rebutted. The result, however, is a departure from traditional, formalist theories of rationality of a more radical kind than Cherniak contemplates, with widespread ramifications for philosophical theory, especially philosophy of science itself. (shrink)
Rationality in Epistemology
Bio-agency and the problem of action.J. C. Skewes & C. A. Hooker - 2009 - Biology and Philosophy 24 (3):283 - 300.details
The Aristotle-Kant tradition requires that autonomous activity must originate within the self and points toward a new type of causation (different from natural efficient causation) associated with teleology. Notoriously, it has so far proven impossible to uncover a workable model of causation satisfying these requirements without an increasingly unsatisfying appeal to extra-physical elements tailor-made for the purpose. In this paper we first provide the essential reason why the standard linear model of efficient causation cannot support the required model of agency: (...) its causal thread model of efficient causation cannot support the core requirement that an action is determined by, and thus an expression of, the agent's nature. We then provide a model that corrects these deficiencies, constructed naturalistically from within contemporary biology, and argue that it provides an appropriate foundation for all the features of genuine agency. Further, we provide general characterisations of freedom and reason suitable to this bio-context (but that also capture the core classical conceptions) and show how this model reconciles them. (shrink)
Agent Causation in Philosophy of Action
Autonomy and Agency in Philosophy of Action
Causal Theory of Action in Philosophy of Action
Teleology in Philosophy of Biology
Self-directed Agents.W. D. Christensen & C. A. Hooker - 2001 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 31 (sup1):18-52.details
Error, error-statistics and self-directed anticipative learning.R. P. Farrell & C. A. Hooker - 2008 - Foundations of Science 14 (4):249-271.details
Error is protean, ubiquitous and crucial in scientific process. In this paper it is argued that understanding scientific process requires what is currently absent: an adaptable, context-sensitive functional role for error in science that naturally harnesses error identification and avoidance to positive, success-driven, science. This paper develops a new account of scientific process of this sort, error and success driving Self-Directed Anticipative Learning (SDAL) cycling, using a recent re-analysis of ape-language research as test example. The example shows the limitations of (...) other accounts of error, in particular Mayo's (Error and the growth of experimental knowledge, 1996) error-statistical approach, and SDAL cycling shows how they can be fruitfully contextualised. (shrink)
Logical Structures Arising in Quantum Theory.Simon Kochen, E. P. Specker, C. A. Hooker & P. D. Finch - 1985 - Journal of Symbolic Logic 50 (2):558-566.details
Relevance and the ravens.C. A. Hooker & D. Stove - 1967 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 18 (4):305-315.details
Bayesian Reasoning, Misc in Philosophy of Probability
On global theories.C. A. Hooker - 1975 - Philosophy of Science 42 (2):152-179.details
Contrary to the Empiricist model of science, successful sufficiently fundamental theories not only fit and unify their data fields but also prescribe the general terms in which relevantly to describe observation; specify what is and is not observable; specify the conditions under which what is observable, is observable; specify the instrumental means and reliability by which what is measurable is measured; specify what is causally, statistically, and merely accidentally connected. Moreover, such theories typically require all or most of the entire (...) remainder of science to be properly applied in any given situation and theoreticians' models play a crucial role in such applications. (I call these respectively the internal and external globalnesses of theories.) A discussion of the consequences of these global features of theories for philosophy of science is offered in the context of specific examples and a structural model for science. (shrink)
The Nature of Theories in General Philosophy of Science
The Metaphysics of Science: Atoms Versus Plena.C. A. Hooker - 1974 - International Logic Review 5:111-46.details
Applying self-directed anticipative learning to science II: Learning how to learn across a revolution in early ape language research.Robert P. Farrell & C. A. Hooker - 2007 - Perspectives on Science 15 (2):222-255.details
: The purpose of this paper and its sister paper I (Farrell and Hooker, a) is to present, evaluate and elaborate a proposed new model for the process of scientific development: self-directed anticipative learning. The vehicle for its evaluation is a new analysis of a well-known historical episode: the development of ape language research. Paper I examined the basic features of SDAL in relation to the early history of ape-language research. In this second paper we examine the reconceptualization of ape-language (...) research following what many conceived to be Terrace's refutation of ape-language. We show that the apparent 'revolution' in our understanding of ape linguistic capacities was not based upon 'revolutionary' research different in kind from 'normal' research. The same processes of self-directed interactive exploration of possibility space, that enables a homing-in upon both error and success, is present in all phases of productive science. Moreover, conceiving science as an SDAL process explains how scientists learn how to learn about their research domain. (shrink)
Sharp and the refutation of the Einstein, podolsky, Rosen paradox.C. A. Hooker - 1971 - Philosophy of Science 38 (2):224-233.details
D. H. Sharp has recently argued that Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen failed to make good their claim that elementary quantum theory provides only an incomplete description of physical reality. Sharp expounds in detail three criticisms (a fourth is mentioned) which focus largely on formal features of the quantum theory. I argue, on grounds centered largely in our search for an adequate physical understanding of the micro domain, that each of these criticisms must be rejected. The original criticism of quantum theory (...) reemerges as a still-important baseline in our search for an adequate understanding of quantum theory. (shrink)
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen in Philosophy of Physical Science
Energy and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.C. A. Hooker - 1971 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 49 (3):262 – 270.details
Control, connectionism and cognition: Towards a new regulatory paradigm.C. A. Hooker, H. B. Penfold & R. J. Evans - 1992 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 43 (4):517-536.details
Connectionism and Neural Networks in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Towards a theory of cognition under a new control paradigm.C. A. Hooker, H. B. Penfold & R. J. Evans - 1992 - Topoi 11 (1):71-88.details
Aspects of Consciousness in Philosophy of Mind
Control and Responsibility in Meta-Ethics
Freedom and Liberty in Social and Political Philosophy
Philosophy of Cognitive Science, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Formalist rationality: The limitations of Popper's theory of reason.C. A. Hooker - 1981 - Metaphilosophy 12 (3-4):247-264.details
Popper: Critical Rationalism in 20th Century Philosophy
Popper: Philosophy of Science in 20th Century Philosophy
Regulatory Constructivism: On the Relation between Evolutionary Epistemology, Genetic Epistemology and Piaget's Genetic Epistemology.C. A. Hooker - 1994 - Biology and Philosophy 9 (2):197.details
It is argued that fundamental to Piaget's life works is a biologically based naturalism in which the living world is a nested complex of self-regulating, self-organising (constructing) adaptive systems. A structuralist-rationalist overlay on this core position is distinguished and it is shown how it may be excised without significant loss of content or insight. A new and richer conception of the nature of Piaget's genetic epistemology emerges, one which enjoys rich interrelationships with evolutionary epistemology. These are explored and it is (...) shown how a regulatory systems evolutionary epistemology may be embedded within genetic epistemology. (shrink)
Epistemology, Misc in Epistemology
Evolutionary Epistemology in Epistemology
Philosophy of Biology, Miscellaneous in Philosophy of Biology
Contemporary Research in the Foundations and Philosophy of Quantum Theory.C. A. Hooker - 1976 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 27 (3):299-302.details
Contemporary Research in the Foundations and Philosophy of Quantum Theory.C. A. Hooker - 1976 - Synthese 33 (2):489-504.details
Goodman, 'grue' and Hempel.C. A. Hooker - 1968 - Philosophy of Science 35 (3):232-247.details
It is now commonly accepted that N. Goodman's predicate "grue" presents the theory of confirmation of C. G. Hempel (and other such theories) with grave difficulties. The precise nature and status of these "difficulties" has, however, never been made clear. In this paper it is argued that it is very unlikely that "grue" raises any formal difficulties for Hempel and appearances to the contrary are examined, rejected and an explanation of their intuitive appeal offered. However "grue" is shown to raise (...) an informal, "over-arching" difficulty of great magnitude for all theories of confirmation, including Hempel's theory. (shrink)
Nelson Goodman in 20th Century Philosophy
New Riddle of Induction in General Philosophy of Science
Craigian Transcriptionism.C. A. Hooker - 1968 - American Philosophical Quarterly 5 (3):152-163.details
Explanation, generality and understanding.C. A. Hooker - 1980 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 58 (3):284 – 290.details
Explanation and Understanding in General Philosophy of Science
Understanding in Epistemology
Being there: Putting philosopher, researcher and student together again. [REVIEW]C. A. Hooker - 1998 - Metascience 7 (1):70-95.details
A SLOW revolution in cognitive science is banishing this century's technological conception of mind as disembodied pure thought, namely a material symbol manipulation, and replacing it with next century's conception: mind as the organisation of bodily interaction, intelligent robotics. Here is Clark: Intelligence and understanding are rooted not in the presence and manipulation of explicit, language-like data structures, but in something more earthy: the tuning of basic responses to a real world that enables an embodied organism to sense, act and (...) survive . . . it is now increasingly clear that the alternative to the ``disembodied explicit data manipulation'' vision of AI is not to retreat from hard science; it is to pursue some even harder science. It is to put intelligence where it belongs: in the coupling of organisms and the world that is at the root of daily, fluent action. (p. 4) # AAHPSSS, 1998. Published by Blackwell Publishers, 108 Cowley Road, Oxford OX4 1JF, and 350 Main Street, Malden MA 02148, USA.. (shrink)
General Philosophy of Science, Miscellaneous in General Philosophy of Science
The interactivist-constructivist approach to evolution and intentionality.W. D. Christensen & C. A. Hooker - forthcoming - Contemporary Naturalist Theories of Evolution and Intentionality, Canadian Journal of Philosophy.details
Intentionality in Philosophy of Mind
Five arguments against Craigian transcriptionism.C. A. Hooker - 1968 - Australasian Journal of Philosophy 46 (3):265 – 276.details
The Logical Structure of Mathematical Physics. Joseph D. Sneed. [REVIEW]C. A. Hooker - 1973 - Philosophy of Science 40 (1):130-131.details
Mathematical Logic in Philosophy of Mathematics
Process and progress: the nature of systematic inquiry.A. K. Bjerring & C. A. Hooker - 1979 - In Jan Bärmark (ed.), Perspectives in Metascience. Kungl. Vetenskaps- Och Vitterhets-Samhället.details
Bohr and the crisis of empirical intelligibility.C. A. Hooker - 1994 - In Jan Faye & Henry J. Folse (eds.), Niels Bohr and Contemporary Philosophy. Kluwer Academic Publishers.details
History of Quantum Mechanics in Philosophy of Physical Science
Demonstratives, definite descriptions and the elimination of singular terms.C. A. Hooker - 1970 - Journal of Philosophy 67 (22):951-961.details
Singular Terms in Philosophy of Language
Critical notice. [REVIEW]C. A. Hooker - 1972 - Canadian Journal of Philosophy 1 (4):489-509.details
Remarks on the Principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles.C. A. Hooker - 1975 - Southwestern Journal of Philosophy 6 (3):129-153.details
The relationship of the identity of indiscernibles principle to other major metaphysical principles (e.g., relational doctrine of space and time, elimination of singular terms) is discussed, the aim being to outline the necessary requirements of a systematic metaphysics incorporating the former principle. the conclusion is that no adequate systematic metaphysics of this sort is defensible. throughout special attention is paid to modern logical formulation of the principle and to its role in quine's philosophy.
Identity of Indiscernibles in Metaphysics
Martin Heidegger in Continental Philosophy
Review of Robert W. Batterman, The Devil in the Details: Asymptotic Reasoning in Explanation, Reduction and Emergence. [REVIEW]C. A. Hooker - 2002 - Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews 2002 (10).details
Emergence in Physical Science in Philosophy of Physical Science
Reductive Explanation in General Philosophy of Science
Against Krips' resolution of two paradoxes in quantum mechanics.C. A. Hooker - 1971 - Philosophy of Science 38 (3):418-428.details
Once upon a time the well-known paradoxes of quantum mechanics seemed especially difficult because of the rather bizarre behavior of the wave packet under the von Neumann theory of measurement, to which behavior these paradoxical situations seemed to draw especial attention. Quite recently quantum theoretical accounts of the measurement process have been appearing which sidestep direct reference to such things as "contraction" of the wave packet. With this development it has become increasingly popular to take a "cool" approach to these (...) paradoxes, arguing that the new approach to measurement provides a consistent, nonbizarre account of the physical situations and that the paradoxicality was due largely to intuitive blunders—even plausible intuitive blunders—accentuated by the unfortunate features of the von Neumann approach to measurement. Both Krips and Jauch, for example, adopt this approach. (shrink)
STICH, STEPHEN P. [1983]: From Folk Psychology to Cognitive Science. MIT Press (a Bradford Book). xii + 266 pp. ISBN 0-262-19215-2. [REVIEW]C. A. Hooker - 1986 - British Journal for the Philosophy of Science 37 (2):238-242.details
Review of Philosophical Foundations of Quantum Field Theory by Harvey R. Brown; Rom Harré. [REVIEW]C. A. Hooker - 1991 - Philosophy of Science 58 (2):324-329.details
Quantum Field Theory in Philosophy of Physical Science
The Structure of Scientific Theories. Frederick R. Suppe.C. A. Hooker - 1975 - Philosophy of Science 42 (1):107-107.details
Theories and Models in General Philosophy of Science


text:
2021 N. Burling St.
Within: Oz Park
Location Notes:
South of W. Orchard Street and west of Dorothy's Playground
Artist: John Kearney
Year Created: 2006
Installed: 2007
Features: Artworks / Monuments, Outdoor, Sculpture
The Oz Park Advisory Council raised $60,000 for the Dorothy and Toto sculpture, the fourth and final artwork in the park. The group commissioned John Kearney to produce the entire group of sculptures depicting the most recognizable characters from L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. Published in 1900, the book provided the basis for the classic 1939 film. In all, L. Frank Baum (1856–1919) wrote a total of fourteen books in the Oz series, with Dorothy Gale and her dog Toto as key figures in most of them. This sculpture of Dorothy and Toto was installed in Oz Park in the spring of 2007.
Even before John Kearney (b. 1924) officially received the commission to design Dorothy and Toto, he had already started the wax molds for this final sculpture in the Oz Park. Kearney employed the lost wax technique to cast the bronze figure of Dorothy with Toto at her feet. In this method, the sculptor creates a wax mold that is dipped into a ceramic material and allowed to dry. Once dry, the sculptor melts the wax out of the ceramic elements through small holes and then pours molten bronze into the space where the wax once was, allowing every small detail to be cast. After the bronze has set, the sculptor chisels away the ceramic. He or she then refines the details on the finished cast bronze sculpture. At the end, the sculptor adds a patina, and in this case paint, to achieve a certain color because Kearney depicted Dorothy in a blue dress and wearing her iconic ruby red shoes.
Oz Park: Dorothy and Toto
Date Posted: 7/28/2015 Kearney used muted colors for all of the elements of Dorothy and Toto except for the vibrant ruby…


Two studies outline differences between patients with AN and BN.
Many advances are being made into understanding the biological foundation of eating disorders, but the neural pathways and genetic variants involved are still largely unknown. Sensory modulation disorders (SMDs) may be one such example of a little-known but potentially important factor.
SMDs are a clinically defined entity, and include a variety of abnormal sensory responses to pain, taste, and smell and somatosensory sensations reported among people with eating disorders. Over-responsiveness may lead to behavioral and affective inhibition. In contrast, under-responsiveness may be associated with behavioral disinhibition. The sensory links to eating disorders are readily apparent.
Ayelet Brand-Gothelf, MD, and a team of Israeli researchers explored SMD in a small study of female adolescent and young adult inpatients between 15 and 25 years of age; the patients either had restrictive-type AN (AN-R; n=20) or bulimia nervosa (BN; n=20). All 40 patients were acutely ill. A group of 27 healthy age-matched female volunteers acted as controls (Int J Eat Disord. 2016; 49:59). The research team also followed a second group, 20 female inpatients with AN-R, from admission to discharge and weight recovery.
The researchers hypothesized that the participants with AN-R would show general sensory over-responsiveness, while those with BN would have sensory under-responsiveness. The authors used a series of instruments, including the Eating Disorders Inventory-2 and the Sensory Responsiveness Questionnaire, which measures the severity of SMD symptoms. This 58-item questionnaire poses typical scenarios found in daily life, each involving one of the senses, such as auditory, visual, olfactory, hearing, vestibular, and somatosensory stimuli (except pain) (Disabil Rehabil. 2009; 31:189).
As the team had hypothesized, the participants with AN-R had elevated overall sensory over-responsiveness as well as higher taste/gustatory, vestibular/kinesthetic, and somatosensory/tactile scores compared to the controls and also compared to patients with BN. Higher sensory over-responsiveness correlated with higher ED-related symptoms in acutely ill patients with AN-R. This trend was also seen, to a lesser degree, after weight restoration among patients with AN-R. The authors noted that these findings support growing evidence that body image distortion among patients with AN seems to involve a multisensory impairment of body perception beyond visual misperception.
In contrast to previous studies, the authors found sensory over-responsiveness in individuals on the SRQ vestibular/kinesthesiology subscale, which reflects motor dysregulation. This was compatible with motor slowing seen in cases of starvation or energy-deficient diets but contrasted with previous reports of increased drive for physical activity and restlessness commonly seen in AN.
The women with BN showed greater sensory under-responsiveness on the intensity subscale of the SRQ but not on other parts of the test. On the SRQ, patients with BN only showed greater sensory under-responsiveness than those with AN-R on the intensity subscale, but not the frequency subscale. The authors commented that this was probably not unusual since sensory under-responsiveness is relatively uncommon, affecting only about 20% of individuals with SMD. In addition, about half of BN patients in the study also had a history of AN.
In the second study described in the paper, in patients with ANR who were followed from admission to recovery, only the auditory subsection of the SRQ improved in the time from admission to discharge, despite significant weight gain (the mean BMI rose from 15.3 to 19.6).
Dr. Brand-Gothelf and colleagues comment that their findings of abnormal sensory processing in patients with AN-R could fit with functional magnetic resonance imaging studies showing abnormal brain circuitry, which may underlie the pathophysiology of AN. This is a promising area for future study.