text:
The Leader in Payment Security
Decryptx®
PayConex™
PayConex™ for Salesforce
QuickSwipe®
P2PE Manager®
P2PE FAQ
ShieldConex® Tokenization Platform
Tokenization FAQ
Nonprofit / Fundraising
Government / Utilities
Petroleum / Convenience Stores
Integrated Partners
P2PE Devices
API Library
Request a Sandbox
Bluefin Evolution – From Payments to Security
If you look at the myriad of ways you can pay today, it is hard to believe that just 20 years ago, electronic payment processing (i.e., not cash!) was actually a new concept. Fast forward to today's digital world and you can see the dramatic transformation of payments, with a staggering number of options for paying both online and offline – from credit cards, to mobile wallets, to NFC.
With practically every merchant now accepting electronic payments, hacking into merchants' systems for credit card data has become a lucrative black market business, equivalent to the modern-day "bank robbery." Large-scale data breaches made a grand entrance into the mainstream back in 2013, where household name retailers – think Target, Michael's, Neiman Marcus, Sally's – were breached, sending shock waves through the industry with the underlying question being: who's next? Since then, not a week goes by without a reported data breach, which now has proven to reach across all industries.
The Privacy Rights Clearinghouse has maintained a database of breaches from 2005 to the present, breaking down each by industry and how the breach occurred. The data shows powerful evidence that breaches continue to grow, doubling in 2015 from the previous year – with external hacking accounting for 99% of the reported data breaches in 2015.
Bluefin's Foresight in Product and People
The need for cybersecurity was writing on the wall for Bluefin. In 2011, we began exploring the potential of PCI-validation for our Point to Point Encryption (P2PE) solution to secure payment card data – and in March 2014, we became the first company in North America to receive this validation. PCI-validated P2PE is vital to card data protection for any business processing payments, as it encrypts card data at the point of entry, preventing clear-text cardholder data from being present in a network where it could be accessible in the event of a data breach, and decrypts the data outside of the merchant's environment.
We saw the need for cybersecurity solutions back before breaches were mainstream news – and we are proud to say we were one of the first companies to shift our focus from just payment processing to payment security technologies including P2PE and tokenization.
Our deeper involvement in payment security has also led to the expansion of our own team, bringing on board industry experts that will help lead our company's domestic and international growth.
On April 5th, we announced that Tom Staudt, former CEO of GlobalCollect, joined Bluefin as Chairman of the Board. Tom brings over 25 years of executive and Board experience within the payments sector and has a proven track record of leading global companies to operational and financial success.
Along with Tom, Huib Dekker joined Bluefin's executive management team as CFO in December. Dekker previously served as CFO for GlobalCollect and was integral in their strategic exit process in their sale to Ingenico in 2014. Guido Schulz, former EVP and Chief Strategy Officer of AFEX, came on board with Bluefin in October as our Chief Commercial Officer, leading all commercial and strategic operations in Sales, Marketing, and Business Development. And finally, Angela Pierce, Bluefin's SVP of Relationship Management, rounds out the seasoned team of payment veterans that have recently joined Bluefin, with years of expertise in Integrated Partner Management with companies including Vantiv, Century Payments, and Sterling Payment Technologies.
And to support our growth and expansion into Europe, we opened our first international office Q3 2015 in Waterford, Ireland, a 24 x 7 Network Operating Center (NOC) for monitoring our security and payment processing platforms.
"Performance is important in this fast-paced world, and electronic POS solution providers need to maximize security for payment card transactions without slowing transaction times. Their solutions need to encrypt cardholder data from the precise moment of acceptance on through to the point of processing, where transactions can be decrypted and sent to the payment networks. By deploying point-to-point encryption (P2PE), intermediate systems that sit between the POI (point of interaction — the point of swipe) device and the point of decryption at the processor are removed from the scope of most PCI-DSS compliance requirements, since the sensitive data passing through them is encrypted."
With continued awareness and education, we are now seeing P2PE evolve from concept into common practice, protecting industries like healthcare, universities, retail and even SMBs that have suffered far too long from data breach attacks.
We expect that within the next 10 years, PCI-validated P2PE will be as ubiquitous as EMV. Why PCI-validated P2PE, though? Because companies don't want to leave security up to chance anymore. Solutions validated by the PCI SSC have been vetted by the Council – the gold standard. And of course, you save money on PCI assessments and reduced scope – check out our case study from last week where UCSD Extension immediately saved $60,000 off the top by implementing our solution on just 20 work-stations.
But it won't stop with P2PE. New methods of payments will be introduced, which will dictate the need for new security technology. And new uses for the security technologies that are innovated to address breaches and hacks will emerge – for example, we see P2PE being applied to the encryption of regular data and not just payment data in the future.
It's an interesting time to be in payments – catch our Chief Innovation Officer, Ruston Miles, discussing his view on payment security in Ingenico's Payment Predictions video.
Category: Bluefin Blog April 26, 2016
Protecting Your Business From Online Holiday Fraud
Everything You Need to Know About E-commerce Fraud in 2023
Network Tokenization – A Tool for E-commerce Success
4 Best Practices for Preparing a Data Breach Response Plan
Data Breach Findings Call for Increased Cybersecurity Awareness
What's New in PCI DSS v4.0?
ShieldConex®
8200 Roberts Dr #400
Data Processing Addendum
BottomMenu
Copyright © 2023 Bluefin Payment Systems
Bluefin Payment Systems LLC is a registered Independent Sales Organization of Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., Concord, CA.
Bluefin Payment Systems LLC is a registered MSP/ISO of Elavon, Inc., Georgia and MSP/ISO Canadian branch of U.S. Bank National Association and Elavon.
Customer authentication, anti-fraud and chargeback tools for Bluefin clients
Join us on February 9th at 1 pm EST to learn more about our new digital fraud and tools, including Apple Pay / Google Pay, 3-D Secure, and our fraud and chargeback management platforms.
HEALTHCARE WEBINAR
Protecting PHI, PII and payment data with encryption and tokenization
March 8th / 11 am CST
XWe use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. By clicking "Accept", you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. In case of sale of your personal information, you may opt out by using the link Do not sell my personal information. Read MoreRejectACCEPTCookie settings
Necessary cookies are essential for a website to function properly. These cookies ensure the basic functionalities and security features of our website.
Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant advertisements and marketing. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized advertisements.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: parsing xml with attributesn in java below is my xml code in which i need to display each node's attributes i.e name and type.
xml :
<node label="Tree Data">
<node name="View" type="Page">
<node name="Organisational Structure" type="Page"/>
<node name="Experience" type="Page"/>
<node name="Expertise" type="Language">
<node name="Flex" type="Language"/>
<node name="Android" type="Language"/>
<node name="Java" type="Language"/>
</node>
<node name="Project" type="Project">
<node name="Sabre" type="Project"/>
<node name="Android Project" type="Project"/>
<node name="Media Framework" type="Project"/>
<node name="CCD" type="Project"/>
<node name="Redbus" type="Project"/>
<node name="India Today" type="Project"/>
<node name="Money Control" type="Project"/>
</node>
</node>
<node name="Reorganize" type="Action"/>
<node name="Add New Employee" type="Action">
<node name="Dir" type="Page"/>
<node name="P.M" type="Page"/>
<node name="S.E" type="Page"/>
<node name="JUN" type="Page"/>
<node name="EMP" type="Page"/>
</node>
<node name="Add Project Members" type="Action"/>
</node>

i am getting the following output  :
output:
01-23 17:13:26.047: I/System.out(3846): name :
01-23 17:13:26.057: I/System.out(3846): type :
01-23 17:13:26.057: I/System.out(3846): name : View
01-23 17:13:26.077: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.077: I/System.out(3846): name : Organisational Structure
01-23 17:13:26.077: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): name : Experience
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): name : Expertise
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): name : Flex
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.117: I/System.out(3846): name : Android
01-23 17:13:26.117: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.117: I/System.out(3846): name : Java
01-23 17:13:26.128: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.128: I/System.out(3846): name : Project
01-23 17:13:26.139: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.139: I/System.out(3846): name : Sabre
01-23 17:13:26.139: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.147: I/System.out(3846): name : Android Project
01-23 17:13:26.147: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : Media Framework
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : CCD
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : Redbus
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : India Today
01-23 17:13:26.177: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): name : Money Control
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): name : Reorganize
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): type : Action
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): name : Add New Employee
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): type : Action
01-23 17:13:26.197: I/System.out(3846): name : Dir
01-23 17:13:26.197: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): name : P.M
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): name : S.E
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): name : JUN
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.228: I/System.out(3846): name : EMP
01-23 17:13:26.228: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.237: I/System.out(3846): name : Add Project Members
01-23 17:13:26.237: I/System.out(3846): type : Action

but i actually need the following output :
desired output :
01-23 17:13:26.057: I/System.out(3846): name : View
01-23 17:13:26.077: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.077: I/System.out(3846): name : Organisational Structure
01-23 17:13:26.077: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): name : Experience
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): name : Expertise
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): name : Flex
01-23 17:13:26.097: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.117: I/System.out(3846): name : Android
01-23 17:13:26.117: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.117: I/System.out(3846): name : Java
01-23 17:13:26.128: I/System.out(3846): type : Language
01-23 17:13:26.128: I/System.out(3846): name : Project
01-23 17:13:26.139: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.139: I/System.out(3846): name : Sabre
01-23 17:13:26.139: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.147: I/System.out(3846): name : Android Project
01-23 17:13:26.147: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : Media Framework
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : CCD
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : Redbus
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.167: I/System.out(3846): name : India Today
01-23 17:13:26.177: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): name : Money Control
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): type : Project
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): name : Reorganize
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): type : Action
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): name : Add New Employee
01-23 17:13:26.187: I/System.out(3846): type : Action
01-23 17:13:26.197: I/System.out(3846): name : Dir
01-23 17:13:26.197: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): name : P.M
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): name : S.E
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): name : JUN
01-23 17:13:26.217: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.228: I/System.out(3846): name : EMP
01-23 17:13:26.228: I/System.out(3846): type : Page
01-23 17:13:26.237: I/System.out(3846): name : Add Project Members
01-23 17:13:26.237: I/System.out(3846): type : Action

java code :
package com.example.xmlparsevdatr;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;

import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilder;
import javax.xml.parsers.DocumentBuilderFactory;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;
import org.w3c.dom.NamedNodeMap;
import org.w3c.dom.Node;
import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;

public class MainActivity extends Activity {

    Document dom;

    public MainActivity() {
        MainActivity();

        ArrayList<Element> listGroup = getGroups();

    }

    private ArrayList getGroups() {
        try {
            Element documentElement = (Element) dom.getDocumentElement();
            NodeList childNodes = documentElement.getElementsByTagName("node");

            for (int i = 0; i < childNodes.getLength(); i++) {

                if (childNodes.item(i).getNodeType() == Node.ELEMENT_NODE) {
                    Element element = (Element) childNodes.item(i);
                    String name = element.getAttribute("name");
                    String type = element.getAttribute("type");
                    System.out.println("name : " + name);
                    System.out.println("type : " + type);
                }
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
        }
        return null;

    }

    private void MainActivity() {
        DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();
        // System.out.println("Inside xml");

        try {
            String sURL = "http://192.168.2.6/cgi-bin/EmployeeTreeCgi/TreeStrutRet.cgi?Username=admin@ohile.com";
            URL url = new URL(sURL);
            DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder();

            dom = db.parse(new InputSource(url.openStream()));

        } catch (ParserConfigurationException pce) {
            pce.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SAXException se) {
            se.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            ioe.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

A: The problem is that you are trying to print the name and type of the first node, which don't exist. Therefore you get the first two lines in your output.
Try checking if the element actually has a name and type before printing it.

A: Your XML does not seem to be good.
The first <node> element does not have name and type attributes.
Ideally, while using XML you shouldn't have the parent and child having same name. For example, the XML should be like :
<books>
    <book id=1/>
    <book id=2/>
</books>

Also, please consider properly formatting your XML for better readability.
EDIT:
There can be a check before retrieving any attribute as:
if(childNodes.item(i).hasAttribute("name")) {
    // print the name
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Genealogy of Matthew J. Bogert of Bergen County
Genealogy of Matthew J. Bogert of Bergen County
The Bougaerdts were a numerous and influential family in Holland, where they filled many important military and civic positions, and attained lasting fame in the arts, sciences, and literature centuries before the advent of any of them in America. Guilliaem Bougaert was Schout of the City of Dordrecht in 1423. His son Adam became first Professor of Music and Rector of the Academy at Leyden, where he died in 1482. He is buried in St. Peter's Church in Leyden, beneath a stone surmounted with a copper plate on which is an inscription setting forth his fame. This church was built in 1315 as a monument to Boerhave, the great physician, and contains the remains of the most distinguished worthies of Holland. Adam's son Jacob became first physician to the City of Antwerp and afterward was Profesor [sic] of Medicine and Surgery at Leyden for more than twenty years. Like his father he also attained the rectorship of the academy. He was a fluent writer on medical science, on which he published a treatise in five parts, the manuscript of which is now in the public library at Antwerp. Harman Myndertse Bougaert came to New Amsterdam in 1629, and was probably the first of the nature to locate in America. He was a medical man of long experience and was appointed official physician to the infant metropolis. In 1634 Rev. Everard Bogardus, a son of William Bougaert, and who wrote his name in Latin Everardus Bougardus, came over to New Amsterdam in company with Governor-General Wouter Von Twiller. Bogardus was the first regular preacher on Manhattan Island, where he married, in 1637, Ann, widow of Roelof Jansen, of Maeslandt, Holland, the lady about whom, and whose estate and Trinity Church, so much has been written and said during the last thirty years. Dominic Bogardus rented a tobacco plantation on the island and spent much time and labor upon it, tobacco being at that time the principal currency of the country. In time he quarreled with Governor Kieft because of the latter's cruelty to the New Jersey Indians. Kieft brought charges of immorality against him, the investigation of which was cut short by the superseding of Kieft, who was drowned off the coast of Wales.
Joost (Justus) Bougaert, in 1641, was appointed by Queen Christina, of Sweden, commander of a colony on the east side of the Delaware River below Philadelphia. He held that position some time on an annual salary of 500 florins.
In 1652 Teunis Gysbert Bougaert emigrated to New Amsterdam from Hey Koop, a little hamlet northeast of Leyden. Two years later he settled at Brooklyn, when he married Sarah Rapelje, a daughter of one of Brooklyn's earliest settlers. He was Mayor of Brooklyn for three years. His farm fronted on the Walabocht (Wallabout). His descendants scattered over Long Island and along the Raritan River in New Jersey.
Matthew J. Bogert is descended from Jan Louwe Bougaerdt, a cousin of Gysbert, above named. Jan was cradled and grew to man's estate at Schoondewoerdt (a word meaning finer words), a small fortified village noted for its salmon fisheries, on a branch of the Maas River twenty miles above Rotterdam and about two miles from Hey Koop, the former home of his uncle Gysbert. Jan was reared a farmer, but early in life struck out for himself. Reaching manhood, he married Cornelia Evertse, the daughter of a well-to-do neighbor, and settled down to farming in his native town. In common with thousands of Hollanders he seems to have caught the prevalent emigration fever, for, on April 16, 1663, we find him and his family with many of his neighbors embarking at Amsterdam on the Dutch West India ship "Spotted Cow," bound for the shores of America. A month later the stanch craft touched the wharf at New Amsterdam, where some of the cargo of emigrants remained and others went to Brooklyn, Staten Island, and Albany. Jan, no doubt, desiring to be near his uncle, repaired to the vicinity of Bedford, L. K., where he bought a farm, and remained there until 1672. He must have been possessed of some means, as in the spring of that year he had an opportunity, of which he availed himself, to take charge of the farm of Dr. John de la Montagne near Harlem. On the 1st of May, 1671, he removed thither from Bedford, and thenceforward for a period of twenty years was an active participant in the civil and religious affairs of Harlem. That he prospered is evidenced by the fact that in 1679, 1691, and 1701 he bought lands at Hoorus Hook, Spuyten Duyvil, and on Hellegat Sound. He was chosen magistrate of Harlem in 1675 and 1676, but failed afterward in the realization of his political aspirations, which seem to have been strong. In 1695 he sold his lands at Bedford and in 1766 his farm lands at Harlem. The following spring, stricken in years, he and his wife removed to New Amsterdam (joining the Dutch Church there May 27, 1767), where they died soon after at a ripe old age.
Jan Louwe Bougaerdt was a man of firmness and decision of character; born to command, rather than to follow; hasty in his temper, but prone to justice when cool; a man of his word, who demanded of his neighbor the exercise of the same quality; shrewd in protecting his own interests, but honest in his dealings with his neighbor; a man of sound judgment, keen intelligence, and possessing a large fund of general information; a stern but affectionate and dutiful husband and father, and a devoted Christian, all qualities which, under the trying circumstances in which he was placed, fitted him for the trials of a frontier life. They had nine children of the second generation, to wit: Peter Jansen, Margaretta, Gysbert, Nicholas, Elizabeth, Catharine, Cornelia, Janneke, and Jolin.
Peter Jansen Bogert (2d gen.) born at Schoondewoerdt, Holland, in 1656, married in New York, September 29, 1686, Sophia, a daughter of Judge Matthias Flierboom, of Albany. He, with his sister Margaretta, and his brother Gysbert, removed to Tappan, then a part of Orange County, N. Y. Gysbert and Margaretta's husband purchased large tracts of land at Tappan, on which they settled. These were of the third generation, to wit: Cornelia, Maria, Elizabeth, Catalyntic, John P., Matthew P., Peter P., and Willemina.
Matthew P. Bogert (3d gen.), baptized at Hackensack in 1702, married, in 1735, Margaretta Tuniscus Talman, and in January, 1740, bought of Bernardus Van Valen 250 acres of woodland south of Closter and extending from the Hudson River to the Tiena Kill Brook. The westerly part of this was soon cleared and stocked and a family mansion erected on the east side of the old road leading to Piermont. Matthew P. Bogert followed agricultural pursuits until his death in 1784. His children of the fourth generation were Peter M., Sophia, Cornelius, Maria, Matthew M., Maria, and Dowe.
Matthew M. Bogert (4th gen.) by will obtained and resided on part of the homestead of his father at Closter until his death. He married, in 1777, Sarah Bogert, a relative of his, who survived him. He served as a private in the New Jersey militia in 1776. He was a farmer and left children of the fifth generation, to wit: Margaretta, Sarah, Maria, Matthew M., Albert M., and Sophia.
Matthew M. Bogert (5th gen.), born November 6, 1779, died March 30, 1871, married May 9, 1801, Willempie Haring, born March 28, 1783, died July 25, 1859. Matthew M. (5) was also a farmer and resided on the homestead occupied by his ancestors at Closter. His children of the sixth generation were Sally, Jane, Margaret, Maria, and Jacob M.
Jacob M. Bogert (6th gen.), born at Closter, N. J., May 15, 1819, died March 18, 1874, married, November 30, 1842, Maria Haring, born in 1823. She survives him and resides in Hackensack. He was a farmer by occupation. Their children of the seventh generation were Henry Ver Valen (deceased), Matthew J., Cornelia, Sarah Jane, Leah, and Huyler.
Matthew J. Bogert (7th gen.), the subject of this sketch, born at Closter, N. J., May 1, 1846, was educated in the public schools at Closter and worked on his father's farm until 1864, when he became a clerk in the wholesale store of Pangborn & Bronner in New York City. Later he became a bookkeeper in the hardware house of H. Cater & Son. May 22, 1873, he married Miss Mary A. Hopper, daughter of James G. Hopper, of Etna, N. J. In 1874 he embarked in the business of wood-turning in Pearl Street, New York. This he made a success, and with his partner, Abraham J. Hopper, now conducts an extensive business in William Street, New York, with mills at Kingsfield, Me. Mr. Bogert is an active, energetic, and thoroughly practical business man. Though an active Republican, with the exception of being Postmaster at Demarest, N. J., since 1892, he has never held any really political office. He has for several years been a member of the School Board of Harrington Township, and for twelve years has been a Director and Treasurer of the Harrington Building and Loan Association, which he helped to organize. He is prominent and active in religious work. He is now an Elder and has during several years held other offices in the Reformed Church at Closter, and for thirteen years has been Superintendent of the Sunday School of that church. His living children of the eighth generation are Jessie (married in 1900 Frederick W. Mattocks, a New York lawyer), Virgil (now associated with his father in business), and Clarence, who has just entered Princeton University.
Source: Harvey, Cornelius Burnham, Editor; Genealogical History of Hudson and Bergen Counties, New Jersey, New York: The New Jersey Genealogical Publishing Company, 1900.


This professional-grade tool, with stainless-steel prongs to break down tough meat fibers, provides controlled, uniform meat tenderizing.
You can also use it to pierce meats before they're marinated so flavors penetrate deeply.
The 2-inch-diameter plastic disk on the bottom is spring-loaded.
It provides precise control when the tenderizer's handle is pushed down, so the prongs pass through the disk's holes and into the meat.
his durable, heavy-duty tool (7-1/2 inches high) will last a lifetime. It's dishwasher-safe, too.


text:
package duro.reflang;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
import java.util.function.Function;

import duro.runtime.Instruction;

public class OrdinalAllocator {
	private static class AllocationEmit implements CodeEmit {
		public Instruction instruction;

		@Override
		public void allocate(List<Instruction> instructions, Map<Label, Integer> labelToIndex) {
			instructions.add(instruction);
		}

		@Override
		public void deploy(List<Instruction> instructions, int start, int end, Map<Label, Integer> labelToIndex) { }
	}

	private static class AllocationInfo {
		public final String id;
		public final ArrayList<Consumer<Integer>> ordinalHandlers;

		public AllocationInfo(String id) {
			this.id = id;
			this.ordinalHandlers = new ArrayList<Consumer<Integer>>();
		}
	}

	private ArrayList<AllocationInfo> allocation = new ArrayList<AllocationInfo>();
	private OrdinalAllocator outer;
	private ArrayList<OrdinalAllocator> childrenStart = new ArrayList<OrdinalAllocator>();
	private ArrayList<OrdinalAllocator> childrenEnd = new ArrayList<OrdinalAllocator>();
	private ArrayList<Consumer<Integer>> offsetHandlers = new ArrayList<Consumer<Integer>>();

	public OrdinalAllocator() { }

	private OrdinalAllocator(OrdinalAllocator outer) {
		this.outer = outer;
	}

	public OrdinalAllocator newInnerStart() {
		OrdinalAllocator child = new OrdinalAllocator(this);
		childrenStart.add(child);
		return child;
	}

	public OrdinalAllocator newInnerEnd() {
		OrdinalAllocator child = new OrdinalAllocator(this);
		childrenEnd.add(child);
		return child;
	}

	public OrdinalAllocator getOuter() {
		return outer;
	}

	public void declare(String id, PendingCodeEmitter instructions, Function<Integer, Instruction> instructionFunc) {
		declare(id, instructionsConsumer(instructions, instructionFunc));
	}

	public void declare(String id) {
		declare(id, ordinal -> {});
	}

	public void declare(String id, Consumer<Integer> handler) {
		AllocationInfo allocationInfo = getAllocationInfo(id);

		if(allocationInfo == null) {
			allocationInfo = new AllocationInfo(id);
			allocation.add(allocationInfo);
		}

		allocationInfo.ordinalHandlers.add(handler);
	}

	public void ordinalFor(String id, PendingCodeEmitter instructions, Function<Integer, Instruction> instructionFunc) {
		ordinalFor(id, instructionsConsumer(instructions, instructionFunc));
	}

	public void ordinalFor(String id, Consumer<Integer> handler) {
		AllocationInfo allocationInfo = getAllocationInfo(id);
		if(allocationInfo != null)
			allocationInfo.ordinalHandlers.add(handler);

		if(outer != null)
			outer.ordinalFor(id, handler);
	}

	public Consumer<Integer> instructionsConsumer(PendingCodeEmitter instructions, Function<Integer, Instruction> instructionFunc) {
		AllocationEmit emit = new AllocationEmit();
		instructions.add(emit);
		return ordinal -> {
			Instruction instruction = instructionFunc.apply(ordinal);
			emit.instruction = instruction;
		};
//		final int index = instructions.size();
//		instructions.addSingle(null);
//
//		return ordinal -> {
//			Instruction instruction = instructionFunc.apply(ordinal);
//			instructions.set(index, instruction);
//		};
	}

	private AllocationInfo getAllocationInfo(String id) {
		for(int i = 0; i < allocation.size(); i++) {
			if(allocation.get(i).id.equals(id))
				return allocation.get(i);
		}

		return null;
	}

	public boolean isDeclared(String id) {
		AllocationInfo allocationInfo = getAllocationInfo(id);

		if(allocationInfo != null)
			return true;

		if(outer != null)
			return outer.isDeclared(id);

		return false;
	}

	public int size() {
		return allocation.size() +
			childrenStart.stream().mapToInt(a -> a.size()).sum() +
			childrenEnd.stream().mapToInt(a -> a.size()).sum();
	}

	public int sizeExceptEnd() {
		return allocation.size() +
			childrenStart.stream().mapToInt(a -> a.sizeExceptEnd()).sum();
	}

	public void getLocalParameterOffset(PendingCodeEmitter instructions, Function<Integer, Instruction> instructionFunc) {
		getLocalParameterOffset(instructionsConsumer(instructions, instructionFunc));
	}

	public void getLocalParameterOffset(Consumer<Integer> handler) {
		offsetHandlers.add(handler);
	}

	public boolean isDeclaredLocally(String id) {
		return getAllocationInfo(id) != null;
	}

	public void generate() {
		generate(0);
	}

	public void generate(int offset) {
		for(int i = 0; i < allocation.size(); i++) {
			for(Consumer<Integer> handler: allocation.get(i).ordinalHandlers) {
				handler.accept(offset + i);
			}
		}

		int childStartOffset = offset + allocation.size();
		for(int i = 0; i < childrenStart.size(); i++) {
			childrenStart.get(i).generate(childStartOffset);
			childStartOffset += childrenStart.get(i).size();
		}

		int childEndOffset = offset + allocation.size();
		for(int i = 0; i < childrenEnd.size(); i++) {
			childrenEnd.get(i).generate(childEndOffset);
			childEndOffset += childrenEnd.get(i).size();
		}

		for(Consumer<Integer> handler: offsetHandlers)
			handler.accept(offset);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Wire wrapped silver plated jewellery. No two items are identical.
Please use the contact form or via leadonvalleycrafts@hotmail.co.uk to make an enquiry.
Individual commissions can be discussed if there is a piece you would like making.


text:
Dzhamshid Kenzháyev (15 de septiembre de 1993 - 9 de agosto de 2018) fue un peleador profesional de artes marciales mixtas.

Falleció el 9 de agosto de 2018 cuando era trasladado al hospital tras recibir una paliza en la que es golpeado y acuchillado en repetidas ocasiones por parte de un numeroso grupo de guardias de seguridad en un bar de Taskent.

Referencias

Practicantes de artes marciales mixtas de Uzbekistán

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


SHILLONG: To facilitate collection, storage, retrieval, analysis, transfer and sharing of data and information between the police stations and the police headquarter, the State Police on Monday launched the Centrally-funded Crime and Criminal Tracking Network System (CCTNS).
Director General of Police (DGP) Kulbir Krishan launched the CCTNS at the Sadar Police Station here on Monday.
The CCTNS is a Mission Mode Project under the National e-Governance Plan of the Union Government. CCTNS aims at creating a comprehensive and integrated system for enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of policing through adoption of the principle of e-Governance and creation of a nationwide networking infrastructure for evolution of IT-enabled state-of-the-art tracking system for 'investigation of crime and detection of criminals'.
Out of 96 police stations and police out posts all over the State, at present the CCTNS will be operative in only four Police Stations – Shillong Sadar PS and Laban PS in Shillong and one each in Tura and Dalu in West Garo Hills.
"This is one of the revolutionary reforms thought of for the Indian Police because, today police stations functions as unconnected islands but the voice connectivity between the police station and senior police officers through the use of mobile telephone has, somehow, bridged this gap," Krishan said.
He stated that at present there is no system of data storage, data sharing and accessing data and there is no record of crimes or criminals that can be accessed, except the manual records relating to that police station which sometimes get lost.
"So the launch of this ambitious project in the State will facilitate the creation of a national databank of crime and criminals and their biometric profiles," the DGP said adding that this database will have a handshake with databases of other agencies of the criminal justice system like courts, jails, immigration and passport authorities.
Presenting a brief summary about CCTNS, East Khasi Hills Superintendent of Police M Kharkrang said that under the project, approximately 14,000 police stations throughout the country has been proposed to be automated beside 6000 higher offices in police hierarchy.
"The main objective of the CCTNS is to make police functioning citizen friendly and more transparent by automating the functioning of police stations besides improving delivery of citizen-centric services through effective usage of information and communication technology and providing the Investigating Officers with tools, technology and information to facilitate investigation of crime and detection of criminals," Kharkrang stated.
This system will also benefit the citizens as they can register their grievances against any police stations online and they can keep track of the progress of their cases, including in courts. The CCTNS will also reduce manual and redundant records keeping, it was stated.
It was informed that trainings have been conducted for all the police personnel, including the constables, to enlighten them on the basics of the system and its technology to ensure that the best service is delivered to the citizens of the State.
Soon after the launch, the first e-complaint was filed by one Manik Mazumdar through the use of the newly launched system and a copy of the same was handed over to the complainant by the DGP.


نسخه الکترونیک کتاب Counselling and Psychotherapy in Contemporary Private Practice به همراه هزاران کتاب دیگر از طریق فیدیبو به صورت کاملا قانونی در دسترس است.
با کد تخفیف fdb40 این کتاب را در اولین خریدتان با ۴۰٪ تخفیف یعنی ۳۸,۳۹۲ تومان دریافت کنید!
Dr Adrian Hemmings UKCP is a chartered psychologist and senior practitioner on the British Psychological Society (BPS) Register of Psychologists Specialising in Psychotherapy. Adrian currently works in the NHS as a psychologist and psychotherapist in a local Primary Care Trust where he is Professional Head of Psychology. He trained as a Psychotherapist and has worked in private practice for 20 years. Rosalind Field UKCP has had a private practice in Brighton since 1987. Rosalind has an MSc in social work and has had many years experience working with children and families in Family Therapy and Family Mediation both for various social service departments and voluntary sector organisations. Rosalind is also a qualified and experienced Psychotherapy Supervisor.


text:
Rot setting in
The Zimbabwean government intends to nationalise all farmland -- a step that may hasten the collapse of agriculture in the country. The government has forced nine-tenths of the 4,500 white commercial farmers off their lands in the past four years. Consequently, the farm output has fallen so drastically that last year nearly two-thirds of Zimbabwe's 12 million people relied on food aid.
"This is not in the best interests of Zimbabweans, black or white," said John Worsley-Worswick, director of pressure group Justice for Agriculture. The activist body believes that land reform should be concurrent with the rule of law. "What the country needs is individual titles to land for black and white farmers alike. That will encourage productive farming. Individual ownership will empower all Zimbabweans. State ownership empowers a dictator," added Worsley-Worswick.
Although President Robert Mugabe says seized land is for poor black Zimbabweans, most of the best farms have been grabbed by cabinet ministers, army officers and others connected to his party, Zanu-pf. "With wholesale nationalisation, Zimbabwe is following in the footsteps of Zambia, Mozambique and Angola," said an agricultural specialist, adding: "Those countries have all seen agriculture decline, causing suffering to the average person. That is what will happen in Zimbabwe."
Zimbabwe Land Resources Human Rights Agriculture News Briefs Web edition Web edition News News News POSCO POSCO POSCO Ministry of Mines M B Shah Commission Khandadhar hills Iron ore mining Down to earth Confederation of … CII Anup Pujari-…


I know it is not Chinese New Year yet but my three-year-old son and I have made some Nian Gao (sticky rice cake) yesterday. My little boy was the chef and handled all the stirring and mixing and pouring for me. What I did was to measure the ingredients, melt the sugar in the milk and take the pan in and out of the oven for him… okay okay let's not talk about the clean up part. My son was really proud of himself as the rice cake tasted so good. The top crust has always been my favorite (that's why I like baked nian gao more than the steamed ones). This time I baked them in mini silicon pans so every piece was an edge piece!
Preheat oven to 350ºF/180ºC. Grease baking pan and place a parchment paper on the bottom of pan (skip this step if silicon mold is used). Set aside.
Combine sugar and milk in a large bowl then heat in the microwave until sugar is dissolved (or place the sugar and milk in a small saucepan and cook over medium heat until sugar is dissolved). Stir in coconut milk, oil and eggs. Whisk until combined. This is your wet ingredients.
Combine and sift the flours and baking powder in a large mixing bowl and make a well in the center. Pour the wet ingredients into the well. Whisk until smooth and thoroughly combined. Strain batter to get rid of any lumps if needed.
Fill pan with half of the batter (I used mini silicon molds). Sprinkle a layer of cooked red beans on top, adding as little or as much as you wish. Then pour remaining batter evenly over the top. Tap pan against the table top several times to get rid of any large bubbles.
Bake until a wooden skewer inserted into the center of rice cake comes out clean, about 35 to 40 minutes in my oven. Broil for a few minutes until golden brown.on top.
Transfer pan to wire rack to cool slightly before unmolding. Slice into pieces and serve warm. If the top crust becomes soft the next day, simply toast the rice cake in the oven for 5 minutes to regain crunchiness..
Yummm I love 炸年糕! I never thought about making these myself! Looks delicious!


The brand new E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb is popular not just for its fancy shape. Yes, its look is definitely something you must look forward to. Nonetheless, its physical appearance is not the only good thing about this bulb. Its features, performance and of course, efficiency are definitely something you must definitely look forward to. The Perfection of E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb The E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb is made especially for commercial, retial and domestic illuminating. This bulb also serves as the perfect replacement for the emerging E27 Edisson Screw Cap bulbs. Those bulbs are no longer in trend. You must replace them with the E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb to get the best lighting that you desire. This bulbs is 3.8 watt. The Features of E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb The E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb features the best SMD LEDS that comes in their highest quality. It also features a frosted glass cover that allows the user to provide excellent light output that can make your home or office the brightest among all. Another reason that makes the E27 LED Candle Shape Bulb the best among the rest is that it features energy-saving characteristic.
SKU: B00FEC9SAC. Category: LED BULBS.
Be the first to review "E27 6.5 Watt Large Screw LED Bulb" Click here to cancel reply.


text:
MALAWI COURT ORDERS IMMEDIATE RELEASE FOR DEATH ROW PRISONER
After 13 and a half years languishing on death row, Richard Chipoka was resentenced by the Malawi High Court and released immediately.
Chipoka was just 21 years old when he was sentenced to the mandatory death penalty, which was subsequently declared unconstitutional in Malawi in the landmark case of Kafantayeni and others v The Attorney General of Malawi.
Chipoka is now the third prisoner, who had remained on death row since the abolition of the mandatory death penalty in 2007, to be resentenced. In April 2015, Aron John and Tony Thobowa's death sentences were set aside and both will be released in approximately 4 years time. To date, the courts have
also resentenced 51 of the 192 prisoners who had already been commuted to life imprisonment post-Kafantayeni, but were still entitled to have their cases considered based on their individual circumstances.
In presiding over Chipoka's re-sentencing, Justice Nyirenda took into account strong mitigating evidence, which included a psychiatric report and character statements from his village members. He also noted that Chipoka was a young man when the crime was committed and also a first-time offender, and therefore deserved leniency. Chipoka was resentenced to 20 years imprisonment, but taking into account the 13 and a half years he had spent on death row and remission for good behaviour, he was released immediately.
Emile Carreau, a volunteer lawyer from Australia, said:
"Richard is over the moon with the result. He has been reunited with his family and received a warm welcome by his village upon his return yesterday. Richard has spoken at length about his intention to find work to support his family and to re-integrate back into his community".
Watch a short video clip showing Richard Chipoka's return to his village after 13.5 years, and his community welcoming him back.


After the International Space Station is decommissioned in 2020 or soon after, Skylon will be an operating launch system and it is the obvious means to launch any successor in orbit infrastructure. The study looked at establishing 14 stations of 7 different types located from Low Earth Orbit to the Moon's surface with common elements all launched by Skylon. The key reason for the study was to validate Skylon could launch such an infrastructure, but the study's secondary objectives were to contribute to consideration of what should replace the ISS, and explore a ``multiple small station'' architecture. It was found that the total acquisition costs for LEO stations could be below $1 billion (2010) while for stations beyond LEO total acquisition costs were found to be between $3 and £5 billion. No technical constraints on the Skylon launch system were found that would prevent it launching all 14 stations in under 5 years.


text:
"This administration's decision to end DACA in and of itself is cruel, but to set a ridiculously tight renewal deadline is beyond the pale," Ice said.
"We cannot allow this arbitrary deadline to stifle the dreams of young people who work hard and make significant contributions to our nation," Ice said.
More:Fighting to stay: DACA recipients, allies protest Trump's decision
The nonprofit will also hold two workshops where DACA recipients can get legal advice and help filing renewal applications. The first workshop is 5-8 p.m. Friday while the second is 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. Saturday. Both workshops will be held at MIRA's main office in Jackson at 4436 N. State St., Suite A1.
Those who can't attend can visit the Facebook page Renew DACA Today to find resources on how to complete the renewal form, where to find legal resources and find out if they qualify for assistance with the DACA renewal fee.
The DACA program allows some immigrants who were brought to the U.S. before the age of 16 to work and go to school without fear of being deported. These immigrants also are referred to as DREAMers, a reference to the proposed Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors Act that would provide permanent resident status to young, undocumented immigrants..
There are anywhere between 800 to 2,500 DREAMers in the state of Mississippi, Ice said. There are about 790,000 DACA beneficiaries in the U.S., with over 200,000 in California alone, according to the Pew Research Center. To date, 2,836 people are living in Mississippi under DACA status, according to 2016 data from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.
Several lawsuits challenging the legality of the government's decision to end the DACA program have surfaced since the Trump administration's announcement, however, The Department of Homeland Security said on Tuesday it does not plan to extend the deadline.
The Kellogg Foundation is assisting MIRA with funding for the program, Ice said.
Contact Justin Vicory at 769-572-1418 or JVicory@gannett.com. Follow him on Twitter.


Salvia greggii is one of our favorite perennials! Also called Autumn Sage, this shrubby plant comes in almost every color you can think of. Salvia greggii is native to Central, West and South Texas as well as Mexico. This is great news not only for your water bill, but for bees, butterflies and hummingbirds too!
Autumn Sage is a perennial, but will sometimes stay green through a mild winter. The oval shaped, olive green leaves grow on long woody stems. These plants can have an upright, bushy or even sprawling growth habit depending on variety.
The flowers of Salvia greggii resemble lips, with the top having a hood shape and the bottom which is wider. Colors can vary from pale yellow to soft pink, hot pink, magenta, coral, red, violet to almost blue! There's also the popular variety, Hot Lips, a bicolor flower of red and white.
One of the best things about these perennials is the blooming season. Expect blooms from spring until the first frost! Removing spent flower stalks and pruning back on occasion will encourage new blooms and a tidy look. All of those flowers will also attract bees, butterflies and hummingbirds! It seems like lots of critters love Salvia greggii, but fortunately, deer are not one of them. While nothing is deer proof, this plant is not their favorite.
Autumn Sage will grow between 12 inches to about 3 feet tall and wide. Your mileage may vary. Plant it in full sun or part sun. A shadier spot may work okay, but you may not get as many blooms. Salvia greggii thrives in rocky, well drained soil and can be planted just about anywhere. It looks great in whiskey barrels or used as a border. Salvia greggii is also drought tolerant once established.
It's no wonder that Salvia greggii is so popular. That's why we decided to put it on this year's spring sales list. Right now at The Garden Center, you can get any variety of Salvia greggi in a one gallon container for only $4.95! Prices are good through May 31st. While you're at it check out all of our other favorites on the list by clicking here!


The Central Illinois Jazz Society is a nonprofit organization that has furthered the appreciation of local jazz since 1978.
You do not have to be a musician to be a member or to attend our programs.
We provide opportunities for jazz musicians to perform and for fans to enjoy their favorite music. Our officers and committee members are all volunteers. CIJS welcomes any volunteers who would like to support our mission with their time or input.
The Jazz Society was born in the late 70s when over 200 people gathered for an outdoor jazz concert in a backyard in Peoria. Everyone enjoyed the concert so much that three individuals from the crowd decided to form the Central Illinois Jazz Society (CIJS). The Charter for the CIJS was first composed in September 1978.
The first concert presented by the CIJS took place on December 1, 1978, at Illinois Central College.
Ever since, the CIJS has been sponsoring monthly concerts, summer concert series, jazz festivals and more in the Central Illinois area with the goal of furthering the appreciation and support of the area's incredibly talented jazz musicians.
If you would like to support this mission, please join us!


text:
UKWA Awards
Manager of the year Sponsored by Llamasoft
For the individual whose outstanding personal and professional skills are reflected in an efficient operation, with high levels of productivity, and a highly motivated team
DONALD GILLIES, BULLET EXPRESS LTD
Since joining Bullet Express from Sainsburys some three years ago, Donald Gillies has overseen the growth of the company's storage facility from a 2000 pallet capacity unit to a stateof- the-art site with space for 15,000 pallets. "As we have expanded, Donald's experience and guidance has been essential," says Bullet Express's David McCutcheon.
David McCutcheon adds: "Donald has standards that he will not fall below, regardless of how busy we are. He cares passionately about every pallet and his attitude has transmitted to our staff. From day one Donald has shown great skill and dedication to his role which is why we feel he has earned the right to be UKWA Manager of the Year 2018."
CHRISTINE NEWMAN, IMPORT SERVICES LTD
In almost 18 years with Import Services, Christine Newman has risen from a warehouse operative to manager of the company's Nursling facility. Roger Loveless, operations director at Import Services, says of Christine: "Christine is a great example of upward mobility. She is our most respected senior operational manager and runs our most challenging site to a high standard. She has my complete trust and respect as, indeed, she has from a very early stage in her career with us."
ANDY FURR, JOHN LEWIS
John Lewis's semi automated NDC at Magna Park is the largest and most complex operation in the business. At over two million square feet, the site holds 12 million units of small products and hanging garments and, at peak, handles throughputs in the region of four million units per week.
Andy Furr became DC manager at the facility some nine months ago since when he has navigated a course through John Lewis's toughest peak trading period yet and driven a number of key initiatives to ensure that the site remains a centre of excellence within both the business and the industry.
John Munnelly, head of operations at John Lewis, is fulsome in his praise of Andy. He says: "I can honestly say Andy is the best operator I have had the pleasure of working with and I couldn't ask for a better, more rounded or committed right hand man."
Training award Sponsored by Mentor
Environment award Sponsored by Still


text:
<?php

class Mob_Form_Familia_Rangos_Nuevo extends Zend_Form {

    public function init() {
        $this->setAction("/mob/familias/administrar");
        $this->addElement("text", "nombre", array("label" => "Nombre", "required" => true));
        $this->addElement("submit", "guardarRangosNuevo", array("label" => "Guardar"));
    }

    public function save($idFamilia) {
        return Mob_Loader::getModel("Familias_Rangos")->crearRango($idFamilia, $this->nombre->getValue());
    }

}


text:
Columns, Pittsboro, Raleigh
Parent says Chatham County public school teacher bullied daughter for faith
By David N. Bass
Raleigh, NC – A parent in Chatham County is claiming that a local public school teacher "bullied" his daughter for her Christian faith.
Ryne Smith, a parent of an 8th grader, speaks at the September Chatham County School Board meeting at Chatham Groves Elementary School.
The accusation came during a meeting of the Chatham County School Board Sept 12. Ryne Smith says his daughter's 8th grade class at Bonlee School was instructed to list their three favorite things. When she listed "art, basketball, and the Bible," her teacher, Wes Lail, told her "God is not real," according to Smith.
"No child should be bullied. If my daughter hadn't been as strong as she was in her faith, there is no telling how things would've turned out," Smith told the Chatham Journal newspaper.
Smith has now pulled his daughter out of the school and enrolled her in a local private Christian school.
"I don't see how the board has the audacity to sit and let teachers bully and indoctrinate our kids," Smith said during the meeting. "You're taking away their First Amendment right … there is too much going on in the schools that we don't know about."
Smith urged the entire board to resign. "One board is destroying Chatham County schools. Your actions show that none of you deserves the position you're in. The horrendous things going on in our school system is a spectacle and nothing is getting done about it."
According to comments sent to the Chatham News + Record, a Chatham County Schools public information officer said, "The matter was investigated and addressed according to policy. We remain committed to working with the family if they wish to do so. To date, they have chosen not to work with or meet with school staff to address the matter after removing the child from school."
Pastor John Amanchukwu
One pastor spoke at the meeting and urged the school board to reject Critical Race Theory and gender identity politics.
"Tonight I'm filled with righteous indignation," said pastor John Amanchukwu. "To hear that a young girl was demonized because of her faith is a tragedy towards our republic."
"Critical Race Theory will never solve racism because Critical Race Theory is racism," Amanchukwu added. "The only way that we can get rid of racism is that the individual, not a group, must come to the realization that they should love their neighbor as themselves. I'm against white supremacy. I'm against black supremacy. But I'm for God's supremacy."
Some parents at the meeting spoke in favor of the diversity, equity, and inclusion instruction in the county. "There are unconscious biases. Until I went through a racial equity training five years ago, I wasn't aware of what was happening," said Dawn Porter. "It was so enlightening to me. I ask the board to continue with addressing some of these issues."
Bass is a journalist and communications professional with nearly two decades of experience in the world of PR, marketing, and publications.
Tags: Bible Chatham County school Board Christian faith John Amanchukwu Ryne Smith Wes Lail
← Performing in college: A panel discussion on studying performing arts
ACC announces football game times & networks for October 1 →


text:
Here's the *Other* Way to Get a Seat on a Private Jet
January 17, 2018, 10:18 AM ET
The Daily Dish Podcast
No millionaire boyfriend required.
By Molly Socha
Why Private Planes Are the Only Way to Fly
According to Lala Kent, all you need to get an invite on a private flight, is to look good, be fun, and know how to handle your liquor. While Vanderpump Rules pal Rachael O'Brien is all of these things, she told Bravo's The Daily Dish podcast that neither she, nor BFF Stassi Schroeder, have ever been asked to join anyone on his or her private plane. However, Rachael told host Megan Segura that she and Stassi have figured out another way onto a private jet that's a lot more accessible for those who aren't running in the same circles as Lala.
It all began when Rachael and Stassi were looking to book last-minute flights to Las Vegas, Nevada, and found uncharacteristically high airfare. "So like a regular ticket that would normally cost 150 bucks was, like, $500 or $450," Rachael explained on the podcast.
Using the JetBlue partner, JetSuite, the friends discovered a person could book seats on a the public charter arm of the company known as JetSuiteX for a price not too different than the markup on commercial flights. "You were on it with other people," Rachael said. "And it was 600 bucks a ticket. [. . .] It looked no different than a regular plane but it was private [in terms of the travel experience and perks]."
On JetSuite, travelers have the option to buy a seat on a jet with other paying customers or charter entire jets of various sizes. Currently, JetSuiteX flies to only a handful of cities on the west coast, including Los Angeles, Oakland, San Jose, Concord, and Las Vegas.
To hear more of Rachael's thoughts about flying on a private jet listen to the full podcast episode above.
New episodes of Bravo's The Daily Dish are available on Thursdays with flash briefings available daily on Amazon's Alexa. Listen, like, and subscribe to Bravo TV's The Daily Dish podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, and Google Play, and make yourself part of the conversation by tweeting @Bravotv and using the hashtag #BravoDailyDish.
Lala Kent
Lala Reveals What It Takes to Travel on a Private Jet
The Daily Dish is your source for all things Bravo, from behind-the-scenes scoop to breaking news, exclusive interviews, photos, original videos, and, oh, so much more. Subscribe to The Daily Dish podcast, join our Facebook group, and follow us on Instagram for the latest news hot off the presses. Sign up to become a Bravo Insider and be the first to get exclusive extras.
Latest in The Daily Dish
Are Teresa & Jackie Better Amid RHONJ Season 10 Drama?
Katie Claps Back at Sandoval for "Belittling" Schwartz
"There Is a New Stanbury in Town" for Caroline and Family
Ariana on Jax's Comment on Her Sexuality: "Just Chill Out"


text:
Follow @sciencedialog
प्रविधि टिप्स
उर्जा प्रविधी
विचार स्तम्भ
दस्तावेज / कार्यपत्र
Watch Wonder Woman (2017) Full Movie Online
ताज उपडेट / मुख्य समाचार
Modelling the mob: How computers can predict violence
by Kapil Acharya · March 27, 2015
Researchers are increasingly using computer models to predict violence in developing nations. Andy Extance reports.
The United States' efforts to 'win hearts and minds' as it fought the Taliban in Afghanistan seem to have created a cruel and fatal paradox.
When political scientist Jason Lyall of Yale University in the United States surveyed the mood of villages strewn across the country's southern provinces he found that those with the most pro-US feeling were the most likely to draw punishment attacks from the Taliban. Worse, the US was no more likely to find improvised explosive devices (IEDs) in those supportive villages. [1]
The dynamics behind this are not totally clear. But the implication is that US efforts to win villagers' hearts and minds were successful enough to render their villages Taliban targets, but not enough to convince them to provide useful intelligence about IEDs. If true, the military is thwarting its own aim, stated in the US Army Field Manual, of "creating safe spaces for the population by reducing insurgent attacks".
It's a suggestion so controversial that Lyall and his team are still working to convince themselves  — and their paper's peer-reviewers — that civilian attitudes could influence attack predictions so strongly.
But even at this early stage it's a powerful example of the insights that the emerging field of violence forecasting could yield. That's because Lyall's results come from an algorithm that takes in information from village surveys and spits out predictions for where violence will occur.
Statistical and computer models that predict behaviour might sound like science fiction, but several groups are doing similar research. In doing so they are identifying possible causes of conflict, raising hopes of prevention, and potentially providing guidance on safety and stability for development work.
Seeing further
The few existing efforts to predict violence typically use prior incidents to forecast future ones. To improve on this, in early 2011 Lyall's team surveyed 2,754 men in 204 Afghan villages about their level of support for the Taliban and the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF). They combined this information with data on insurgent violence and the locations of military bases and aid projects.
The researchers built these factors into a statistical model. It showed that villages' levels of support for ISAF predicted IED attacks occurring in the 15 kilometres around each village for up to the next ten months. A village showing 'modest' ISAF support would suffer 13 extra attacks on average over the following five months than one strongly opposed to ISAF.
Lyall and his colleagues tested this relatively simple statistical model on another 14,606 villages they hadn't surveyed. They combined data on previous incidents in these villages with attitude estimates extrapolated from the surveyed villages, and improved IED attack predictions by up to 30 per cent.
Lyall stresses, however, that field tests must be run and peacekeepers and police need to cooperate more closely with researchers before they can trust these estimates enough to use them.
The survey itself cost around US$150,000, which Lyall admits is high, but relatively cheap by the standards of surveys in places such as Afghanistan. Cheaper methods can be used once a model is built.
"Targeted surveys with purpose-built questions are likely to have a higher predictive payoff than large-scale surveys at a fraction of the cost," Lyall says. He is also confident this approach could build prediction models for other types of violence.
Both the military and NGOs have shown an interest in the technique, says Lyall. "Being able to predict future violence would allow development agencies to select areas for greater aid effectiveness," he explains. The Africa-centred Ushahidi collaboration's crowd-sourced CrisisNet could provide ideal 'micro-level data' for prediction, he says.
Deceived wisdom
Other research from Yale strengthens the case for using survey-based statistical predictions of violence.
In a paper undergoing peer-review, Yale's Robert Blair and his colleagues predict violence such as murders and rapes in Liberia. [2] The team was already surveying 242 Liberian communities about violence and dozens of geographic social, and economic factors for a randomised controlled trial (RCT). After donors asked Blair's team if the data could forecast violence, he found that one model correctly predicted 88 per cent of violent incidents using just five variables.
One variable that appeared to be linked to violence was the prevalence of power-sharing agreements where minority ethnic groups were given a say in local governance. This is interesting because political scientists have traditionally recommended power sharing as good way to help avoid conflict.
"The places we care most about may be the places it's hardest to get data on."
Robert Blair, Yale University
Blair's models appear to cast doubt on this, much like Lyall's team's study does on the 'hearts and minds' appraoch. Blair says that such models could help evaluate other received wisdom from politics about peace-keeping, as political science often lacks the means to test its explanations.
Collecting the data was "laborious, expensive and slow", Blair admits, and the work must be replicated in each country before predictions can be made. However he is optimistic that if and when others confirm their findings in Liberia, exploiting the results need not be expensive.
"Once you have an accumulation of studies, you can narrow down to fewer and fewer variables," he explains. "Then you can design, for instance, a cellphone-based survey with local leaders every couple of weeks. That's cheap."
Blair is now working towards such projects with a consortium of NGOs and governmental organisations called the Early Warning-Early Response (EWER) working group in Liberia. EWER's activities include the interactive Liberia Early-Warning and Response Network (LERN) map, developed by Ushahidi to detect and avert possible conflict.
"They have a lot of folks in the field but they don't have a very systematic way to generate insights from observations," says Blair. "We're working to see how we can systematise that."
The Liberia Early Warning and Response Network maps reports of violence and disturbances in the country. This map shows examples connected to ethnic tensions, but the network records reports related to several other categories including rape, looting and drugs. Click here to expand.
Blair is now hoping to create violence-forecasting models using data from surveys in Indonesia and Iraq. He's also involved with an effort to forecast violence on a very different scale, with the Political Instability Task Force (PITF) funded by the US Central Intelligence Agency.
They have a large data set, gleaned from a program that trawls the internet gathering information from the language people use online, Blair explains.
Although the Liberia data set is small by comparison, Blair believes it's still competitive with this 'big data' approach.
The PITF's programmes "vacuum the internet and code news stories into data points, but the algorithm is messy", he says. "You don't know to what extent you're modelling noise."
"We stick to the opposite approach. If an instance of violence occurs we're going to get as positive as we can that it really did occur. Plus, in a place like Liberia there isn't that much media online for algorithms to scrape. That's probably true of places like Afghanistan, Sub-Saharan Africa and the Middle East — the places we care most about may be the places it's hardest to get data on." – See more at: http://www.scidev.net/global/conflict/feature/modelling-mob-computers-predict-violence.html#sthash.OjlG5QTc.dpuf
B.Sc CSIT 8th semester routine from Tribhuvan University
Watch and Download Movie The Brawler (2019)
बिपी स्वास्थ विज्ञान प्रतिष्ठानले इन्टरनेटबाट विशेषज्ञ सेवा दिने
Next story Bigyan_Lekhamala, NAST
Previous story Streaming Full Movie Sathru (2019) Online
हामीसँग फेसबूकमा जोडिनुहोस ।
खोज्नुहोस
ताजा पोस्टहरु
Download and Watch Full Movie Skyscraper (2018)
Watch Full Movie Online Pet Sematary (2019)
Watch and Download Full Movie Fighting with My Family (2019)
Streaming Full Movie Captain Marvel (2019)
Download Movie Alita: Battle Angel (2019)
दस्ताबेजहरु
आवश्यकता/आह्वान
ताज उपडेट
विज्ञान समाचार
सूचना/नतिजा
Science Dialog © 2019. All Rights Reserved.
Powered by: CUIDADO TECHNOLOGY
Designed by: Ajay Sharma
Complete Package of Environment, Science and Technology
Science Media Nepal Pvt. Ltd.


When starting a new business, success is never guaranteed and many start-ups fail. So, how does a savvy independent agent avoid disaster?
To err is human, but botching your insurance agency start-up can be a personal, professional and financial disaster. When starting a new business, success is never guaranteed and many start-ups fail. So, how does a savvy independent agent avoid disaster?


See section 1.5.6 for Reverse Complement.
See section 1.5 for more basic sequence editing options.
In ApE in order to perform reverse complement you should choose the icon from the main tool bar (Figure 3.3.14.1) or go to "Edit"-"Reverse Complement" from the main menu (Figure 3.3.14.2).
Figure 3.3.14.1: Reaching "Reverse Complement" from the main toolbar.
Figure 3.3.14.2: Reaching "Reverse Complement" from the main menu.
In Genome Compiler in order to perform reverse complement you can choose the icon from the main tool bar (Figure 3.3.14.3) otherwise right click (Figure 3.3.14.4) or go to "Edit" from the main menu (Figure 3.3.14.5) to select "Reverse Complement".
Figure 3.3.14.3: Reverse Complement icon in the main tool bar in Genome Compiler.
Figure 3.3.14.4: Reverse Complement from the right-click drop down menu in Genome Compiler.
Figure 3.3.14.5: Reverse Complement from the main menu in Genome Compiler.


HMS works with Federal agencies such as the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and the Veterans Administration to deliver payment accuracy and compliance solutions that drive efficiency and sustainability of government healthcare programs.
HMS providing the most comprehensive cost avoidance and recovery solutions available. Today, we recover billions of dollars a year for customers plus save billions more through improper payment prevention.
HMS helps you identify and recover overpayments, detect and prevent fraud, ensure compliance with regulations and increase cost savings through process improvements.


text:
Q: MouseListener methods overridden but compiler says otherwise?         JTextArea messageDisplayArea=new JTextArea();
        messageDisplayArea.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
            public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent m){
                JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"a");
            }
        });
        messageDisplayArea.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
            public void mouseExited(MouseEvent m){

            }
        });
        messageDisplayArea.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
            public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent m){

            }
        });
        messageDisplayArea.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
            public void mousePressed(MouseEvent m){

            }
        });
        messageDisplayArea.addMouseListener(new MouseListener(){
            public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent m){

            }
        });

This is part of my code, I've imported java.awt.* and java.awt.event.* and javax.swing.* but have NOT implemented the MouseListener interface. I've overridden all the methods from the MouseListener interface but the compiler throws 5 errors, all saying that class is not abstract and does not override abstract method in MouseListener. What am I doing wrong?

A: Try adding @Override.
With that code you shouldn't need to implement MouseListener.
Also instead of new Mouselistener() use new MouseAdapter()
Sample Code:

    JTextArea textArea = new JTextArea();
    textArea.addMouseListener(new MouseAdapter() {
        @Override
        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
        }
        @Override
        public void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e) {
        }
        @Override
        public void mouseExited(MouseEvent e) {
        }
        @Override
        public void mousePressed(MouseEvent e) {
        }
        @Override
        public void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e) {
        }
    });


Mark is part of the leadership and organisational development team and he brings an in-depth knowledge and experience of developing patient and community leaders to the Fund. His work focuses on supporting the development of new relationships between patients, communities, and health and care professionals by embedding collaborative and partnership working across the health and care system. He is currently the co-director of the Leading Collaboratively with Patients and Communities programme at the Fund.
Mark is co-founder and director of The Centre for Patient Leadership. He has designed a number of award-winning patient leader programmes and advised organisations, including NHS England, on patient leadership. He has consulted on and facilitated the development of organisational cultures that support new relationships (including collaborative and partnership working) between staff, patients and local communities. He also works as an executive coach supporting senior leaders with their personal and professional development.
Mark Doughty explains why it's critical that there is a new relationship between those in the health care system and patients and local communities.
Mark Doughty shares his experience of living with a long-term condition and discusses the importance of involving people in decisions about their care.
With recent discussion around the lack of patient and public involvement in the development of STPs so far, Mark Doughty considers how this can be addressed moving forward.


I loved your opening to this article lol ????
This tumbler is so cute!!
I bought one yesterday morning for my wife. None of the baristas has seen it and didn't even know it was on the shelf. They even gave me a discount for being the first one sold.


I'm enjoying the Rhode Island Novelties 1464763 Pirate Bubble Gumball Machine 1 Piece - Case of. I would recommend it to all my friends. It has smooth design and it is obvious that it's manufactured to perfection.
Rhode Island Novelties 225376 Inflatable Butterfly - 27 in.


text: Q: For self-adjoint $A$ and $B$, when is $(A+iB)^*$ the closure of $A-iB$? Suppose that I have two self-adjoint operators $A$ and $B$ such that $\mathcal{D}(A)\cap\mathcal{D}(B)$ is dense. It is straightforward to show that $A\pm iB$ (with domains  $\mathcal{D}(A)\cap\mathcal{D}(B)$) are closable. What are generic conditions so that $(A+iB)^*$ is the closure of $(A-iB)|_{\mathcal{D}(A)\cap\mathcal{D}(B)}$? $A$ or $B$ bounded suffices, but does this hold in general?


text:
Administrative Justice Bill [B56-99]: deliberations
JUSTICE AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS PORTFOLIO COMMITTEE; SECURITY AND CONSTITUTIONAL AFFAIRS SELECT COMMITTEE
Documents handed out
Administrative Justice Bill with optional amendments included (AJU63)
Summary of Submissions (AJU62)
Rean International Supply Company (PTY) LTD And Others v Mpumalanga Gaming Board 1999 (8) BCLR 918(T)(High Court Transvaal Provincial Division) (AJU64)
The committee continued going through the new draft of the Bill which presents optional proposals compiled from the submissions heard at the hearings.
Sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 11 were examined. Within Section 4 there is the inclusion of criteria for the first time for determining what circumstances justify a departure from fair procedure requirements in order to guide administrators and the courts. Intricate technical problems relating to reasons (written and otherwise) for administrative action were debated in Section 6. The controversial presumption in s6(3) was thrashed out. Contradictions in sections were pointed out e.g. in relation to time periods - s6(4) & s10. The important issue of domestic internal remedies was highlighted. The Minister's powers and the limitations thereof, in relation to the making of the regulations in the context of the Bill's mandatory consultation and parliamentary approval mechanisms.
Further amendments will be drafted from the discussion of these two meetings (7 & 8/12/99) and forwarded to committee members (on 15/12/99) for consideration during the recess. [This draft will be made available at http://www.pmg.org.za/aj/aj.htm soon after]
Section 4: Procedurally fair administrative action
The Chair pointed out the differences in the new draft. Amongst these were:
"interests" has been removed and "legitimate expectations" has been added
The next option provides a low threshold thus anything goes in. Following on the request of Govender, Haysom and Budlender "materially" has been added plus "legitimate expectations". The Chair noted that the SALC proposal that "rights or interests or legitimate expectations" be included must still be reflected. Within 4 (4)(b) there is the inclusion of criteria for the first time for determining what circumstances justify a departure from fair procedure requirements (to guide administrators and the courts). Within 4 (4)(a), there are two proposals: to include "exceptional" circumstances. The second proposal suggests that necessary is too high a test so reasonable should be added which is in line with the Constitution. In order to avoid giving the Minister a blank cheque to 'legislate' , any exemption or permission has to be submitted and approved (or adopted) by Parliament as reflected in new subclause (7).
The Chair noted that none of the members had been able to produce court cases regarding "interests" as originally in Section 4 (1). As there had been no help on the meaning of rights which has many meanings, he could not see any other option than leaving out "interests".
With regard to "legitimate expectations", the Chair clarified that this refers to a procedure that is going to be followed and not to a right/expectation that you are going to "get something". He referred to the Leach and Office of the Premier: Mpumalanga cases.
Ms Chohan-Khota (ANC) accepted that "legitimate expectations" provided a procedural remedy rather than a substantive remedy but she had a problem with the wording. She stated that you cannot lump rights and "legitimate expectations" together. "Legitimate expectations" cannot be treated as an equivalent of a right as it is part of the procedure. She suggested they be separate into two subsections.
Adv Masutha (ANC) raised the issue of procedural fairness before a decision is taken in terms of benefits. For example when an application for a pension is declined by the Director General, when does the applicant have a hearing?
Adv de Lange said that according to the audi alteram partem principle you must give the applicant a chance to have their say. You cannot leave it to an internal review mechanism via the Minister. Before you make the decision to refuse the application, you have to have a hearing.
Adv Masutha believed that the implications of this could be far-reaching in terms of impacting on the present system and that such a notion might create new rights where none exist.
The idea was then raised of inefficient officials allowing temporary disability grants to continue past their expiry date. Would the recipients of the grant have a legitimate expectation to notice before it is summarily terminated. The Chair commented that where people are acting illegally, legitimate expectation surely could not exist.
Ms Jana (ANC) concurred with Adv Masutha's original point that that there had been a great deal of concern regarding administrative decisions relating to the receipt of benefits (pensions and grants). She said that the receipt of a benefit does not appear to constitute a right within the given definitions of administrative decision, especially since the new options leave out interests. Adv de Lange asked the drafters that benefit be added to the definition of decision relating to "making, suspending or revoking or refusing to make an order, award or determination."
In a discussion of Section 4 (3) initiated by Mr Jeffrey (ANC) it was agreed that as currently worded it is inexplicable. How is an administrator going to know when this section is necessary and a person is entitled effectively to a hearing as no guidance is provided with regard to the discretion of the administrator in the matter. Thus judges are going to read it from case-to-case. The suggestion was that it must be worded carefully or it must be deleted. The Office of the Premier: Mpumalanga case bears relevance as to what cases would require a hearing.
In opposition to a proposal to include a qualification/obligation as to reasonable time period for administrative action, the Chair said that on that ground alone, any administrative action could be challenged.
Ms Chohan-Khota commented that in Section 4 (2) discretion again comes into play as the criteria are not in a closed list but are prefaced with the phrase "but includes at least". It needs to be made clear if the discretion is on the part of the administrator or the courts.
Adv de Lange noted that the wording of the introductory parts of both Section 4 (2) and (3) needed to be looked at. They had to be made more definite. Prof Mabeta (UDM) echoed Adv de Lange's estimation of the phrases "but includes at least" and "may entail" in Section 4 (2) and (3). He said that the formulations needed to be made absolute and direct with no ambiguity.
With regard to Section 4 (2) Mr Smith once again raised the issue of tribal authorities and the extent to which they will be included here and will need to comply with these requirements. Adv de Lange again noted that this needs to be researched but he pointed out that the Minister could vary these requirements for traditional leaders. Mr Smith believed that the reality of society needed to be faced rather than leaving this facet to the discretion of the Minister.
Prof Mabeta commented that it would be unfair not to note that the confusion around the issue of tribal authorities was not due to sloppy drafting. He stated that the rules and laws guiding tribal authorities are not codified and that there are no uniform procedures even within subregions.
With reference to common law, Adv de Lange said that this Act does not change it. The two systems exist side by side until they mesh in time. You try and get the common law to be in line with what you have in the Act but this takes time. Only when you fall clearly within this Act does this Act apply, and even then, common law can be applied.
Ms Chohan-Khota thought this to be an accurate assessment except that common law should be the same or less onerous in terms of capping procedures. Adv de Lange said that the limitations clause and cost would be the capping factors - and when you extend into horizontality, it should be less onerous in the private sphere.
Mr Lever (DP) found Clause 4 (4) problematic as the criteria gave unfair discretion. The committee considered various examples of departures from requirements in this context. For example the cutting off of the water supply by a local council for non-payment of water use. Did there need to be proper notice? Further what about those who had paid who would also be affected? Mr Lever felt that this was a contractual breach on the part of the recipient as did Mr van Wyk of the SALC. Mr Masutha believed that it had elements of both contractual breach and procedural fairness rules. For example if the administrator changed the parameters of the contract and increased the tariff excessively, who then has broken the contract? It was agreed that this had to be looked into further.
Ms Taljaard (DP) drew attention to the public/private sector partnerships in local government which exercise a public power such as with Egoli 2000. In exercising a public function will the contract fall within an administrative justice framework? Adv de Lange acknowledged that this raised a complicated contractual issue where the contract was with government and an agency from the private sector. He asked Mr van Wyk to raise this point with Messrs Breitenbach and Gauntlett of the Law Commission for clarification and understanding. They do not look mutually exclusive but it turns on the definition of administrative action and decision.
Adv de Lange also noted that two further aspects have not been satisfactorily drafted yet. Firstly a domestic remedy had not been included yet. Secondly an audit of existing legislation had not been conducted as yet with regard to clashes in application. He noted as an example the Labour Relations Act. Clause 4 (5) was the best that they had come up with.
Co-chair, Mr Mahlangu, noted that no input had been received from the Department of Correctional Services as to the impact of this Act on their environment. Adv de Lange noted that with regard to parole review, this Act would be beneficial as proper procedure would have to be followed and the prisoner would have to be present at the parole hearing in order to give input. However the inner working of the prison will not be affected.
In conclusion to discussion on Section 4, the Chair noted two references to the Open Democracy Bill in this Bill (Sections 4 (3) and 6 (1) and that there needs to be synergy between the two Bills. He also emphasised the need for understanding contractual parameters.
Section 5: Administrative action affecting the public
This is a discretionary section and the Chair believed the new options would not be too controversial as nothing is obligatory. Whereas Section 4 deals with individuals, Section 5 follows broader procedures for when an administrative decision affects a mass of people and is a substitute for Section 4.
Section 5(2)(b)(iv)
Mr Landers (ANC) pointed out that the Gazette is inaccessible in the rural areas and that the report of a public inquiry should also be made available in a local newspaper. The Chair believed this did not solve the problem because of the issue of illiteracy. He suggested that the drafter add that if circumstances merit it, the administrator must find other appropriate ways of publicising the report of the inquiry (for example, the radio).
Prof Mabeta (UDM) believed that the report should not be published "in English and in at least one of the other official languages" but should be published in the most appropriate languages for that particular area which might not be English. The Chair said that one had to assume a certain amount of bona fides, especially as this section was discretionary and the administration would be "shooting themselves in the foot" if they did not give effect to this procedure in the most appropriate way.
Afternoon session
Section 6 Reasons For Administrative Action
The chairperson, Adv de Lange, was concerned with Section 6(3) and (4). He could not understand why, where an administrator failed to give "adequate reasons" for administrative action, it would be presumed that the administrative action was unlawful under 6(3). He doubted whether the Constitution allowed this. In any case in the light of Adv de Lange subsection 3 made no sense, for 6(3) says that if adequate reasons are not given then there is the presumption against the administrator. In the very next subsection, 6 (4) states that the administrator may in fact be excused from providing reasons where requested to do so under ss2, "if the circumstances justify". Adv de Lange found that in these circumstances the presumption made no sense. There was broad agreement on this.
In terms of s6(4) Adv de Lange pointed out that the Law Society had called for the deletion of 6(4) on the basis that it clashed with Section(s)10 which made it clear that only the parties or the courts could extend the time periods for reasons to be given. 6 (4) however allowed an administrator to depart from the requirements in ss2 "if the circumstances justified it. This clearly leaves room for the interpretation that the time periods in ss2 relating to reasons being given within 90 days could also be altered by administrators. De Lange tended to agree with this and suggested that in ss4, the time period issue be excluded.
Mr L Lever (DP North West) said that the presumption in 6(3) was quite in order.
Mr P Smith (IFP) said that whilst exemptions were needed there was the danger that administrators would abuse these exemptions for example if 6(3) & (4) were kept the problem was that you would not know at which stage the reason has not been given since there was no obligation on an administrator to say that he has used 6(4).
Adv de Lange said that there had to be some mechanism to indicate how 6(4) linked up to 6(3) otherwise " you would not know when 6(3) would kick in."
Adv de Lange pointed out that Option 2 under 6(8) should have been included as 6(6)(c), ) stating that the Minister, after consultation with administrators, could in the Gazette publish a list of kinds of administrative action in respect of which administrators had to furnish reasons to a person whose rights were adversely affected by administrative action without such persons having to request reasons for such administrative action. This would allow the Minister to start developing an area where there are reasons automatically given. Cosatu had raised the need for this quite strongly.
Ms P Jana (ANC) felt that in addition to reasons being furnished in writing there had to be an alternative to cater for a vast number of people who could not read and write. It was pointed out, by a drafter that if 4(a) was retained, this may deal with the problem of written reasons.
Adv de Lange wanted to know what the position was in the Constitution regarding written reasons. The case of Rean International Supply Company (PTY) LTD And Others v Mpumalanga Gaming Board 1999 (8) BCLR 918(T)(High Court Transvaal Provincial Division) was referred to which dealt with inter alia what constituted adequate written reasons. The court held that whilst an administrator did not have to spoon-feed an aggrieved party seeking reasons, it could not expect the aggrieved party to seek justification for the reasons from a myriad of documents. The reasons had to be "intelligible and comprehensible …" . Whether there was a duty to give the reasons as well as the legal basis for them was not certain but nevertheless it seemed as though the Constitution in Section 33, read with schedule 6 item 23(2)(b) did require this.
Mr Masutha (ANC) agreed with Ms Jana that there had to be an alternative to written reasons to cater for disabled persons who were blind for example. He stressed that it had to be in addition to written reasons, which had to be provided in all instances. In the sphere of welfare for example, in relation to pension and other social grants, where a person qualified for such pension or grant which was subsequently refused, there had to be reasons for the refusal as well as the legal basis. He suggested that people with disability should be assisted if they require grants. Where they did not qualify they had to be told why.
Adv de Lange pointed out that whilst the Constitution says that written reasons had to be provided, this right, as with all others, could be limited and would be where circumstances justified it. He had a problem with the fact that where reasons had to be given, they had to incorporate all the essential facts as well as the legal basis for the decision. He argued that there was a fundamental difference with the situation of a Director General acting as an administrator and a clerk with grade 12 acting as one. Surely where there were simple everyday decisions to be taken which required reasons, the situation of the clerk ticking "yes" and "no" boxes on a pre-printed form could in various circumstances be seen as adequate. This would hardly be the case with the Director General.
The next issue dealt with by Adv de Lange was "a request " for written reasons. There was no clarity on whether such a request could be over the phone or in writing. If only the latter then the problem with illiteracy was not addressed. If the former was also allowed there would be no record to prove that the request was made. It was pointed out that the minister should be left to deal with this problem by making regulations in this regard in terms of 11(1)(d).
Section7: Grounds of Review
Adv de Lange raised the question of why the Bill had included a section on grounds of review. He pointed out that it was not part of the right to Administrative Justice since it could not be directly linked to section 33(1) or (2) of the Constitution dealing with fairness and reasons. Even though 33(a) says that National Legislation must…provide for the review of administrative action …, the Constitution does not give any guidance on the grounds for review. He said nevertheless that, no harm was done by including such grounds in any case.
Section 7(g) was said to amount to appeal not review and there were three options in the new dratf to replace it. The first was a simple option. The second was found in Australian Law. The third was from Mr Budlender and Mr Govender taken from their analysis of the Soobramoney case which turned on rationality and not unreasonableness.
He noted that Professor Haysom had suggested that certain definitions in 7(h)(2) (a)&((b), for example relating to "empowering provisions" and 'law' be removed. Adv de Lange agreed with this since as it stood it could lead to absurd interpretations, which could elevate "agreements" and "documents" to the status of "Law".
There were currently no options to replace these definitions but clearly there was a need to amend this, which would be dealt with.
Adv de Lange pointed out that section 7 attempted to codify the common law grounds of review. He stressed that it did not affect such common law grounds of revue at all.
Section 8 Procedure for Review
To avoid rules, relating to the review procedure, being passed which did not meet with what parliament wanted s8(4) was included. It stated that any rule made under 8(3) must be approved/adopted by parliament. S8(2) was a first attempt to provide for the exhaustion of domestic remedies.
Adv de Lange said that as regards domestic remedies S8(2) did not quite address the problem adequately. He asked the drafters to contact Professor Haysom who had said that he had a clause on domestic remedies. This would ideally deal with the fact that many institutions had internal remedy procedures already. It was thus important that the Bill did not interfere with this.
Adv de Lange did point out that to some extent there was an attempt in s4(5) to make provision for "a fair but different" procedure to be followed which could be interpreted to deal with domestic remedies. This "fair but different" procedure would not automatically be constitutional. The Act which made provision for this "fair but different" procedure would still have to be tested in terms of its constitutionality. Thus it has to comply with Section 33 dealing with just administrative action.
The problem of domestic internal remedies was a problem, which was also raised by the President. It was clearly an important concern to be dealt with.
Ms F Chohan-Kota (ANC) was not to sure what rules the Rules Board referred to in S8(3) would be making.
Adv de Lange said that they would provide rules for Section 7 - the rules of procedure for judicial review. He said that the rules of court existing at the moment are for common law review. Since there will be an Act providing for judicial review, the Rules Board must decide whether the existing rules are sufficient or whether there should be more added. In this "Act" unlike under common law review, there are, for example, no time limits. This may require some additional rules or changes.
Section 11 Regulations
In section 11(1) there was one option. Firstly 11(1) stated that the "may" became a "must". Thus the minister was obliged to make certain regulations. With regard to 11(2) "may" remained as it was. The second change was in 11(4), which said that where regulations were made under 11(1) and 11(2) (d) (e) & (f), they had to be submitted to parliament. Where regulations were made under 11(2)(a) (b) & (c) they had to be submitted to and approved/ adopted by parliament. The reason for requiring adoption/ approval by parliament in terms of 11(2)(a) (b) & (c) was that they were controversial issues. In addition there were no principles in the Bill giving guidance on 11(2) (a) (b) & (c) since they are not dealt with anywhere in the Bill. On this basis it would constitute a "blank cheque" to the minister, therefore it must come to parliament for approval.
The third change was in 11(2)(b) to make sure that the Public Service Commission (PSC) is consulted on the code of good administrative conduct. In relation to this a two year period was suggested by Adv de Lange in which this had to be done. S11(2) (d) was also suggested by him.
In 11(3) the Minister had to have prior consultation with the PSC regarding any matter which may be regulated by the PSC.
Mr P Smith wanted to know whether, in terms of 11(3), the minister could make regulations regarding any matter, which may be regulated by the PSC, if there had simply been consultation.
Adv de Lange said that there could not be Chinese walls in government. The object of 11(3) was to facilitate a process of consultation. The Minister could thus send regulations to the PSC and could ask them for their comments and try to get agreement on issues of mutual concern. Without this the PSC could for example come afterwards and argue that there was a clash of regulations in some or other respect.
Ms Chohan Khota (ANC) wanted clarity on 11(2)(b). She said that if the two year period was included then this would take away the discretion of "may" in ss2. Adv de Lange took the point and said that this "may" had to be changed to a "must within a 2 year period."
Ms Taljaard (DP) was concerned about limiting the consultation to that with the PSC since there could be other cases not catered for since they did not fall within the jurisdiction of the PSC. This was in respect of 11(2) (b) and not 11(3).
Adv de Lange took the point but said that regulations under 11(2) (b) had to be approved by parliament thus other interested parties would not be overlooked by parliament.
Mr Smith (IFP) felt that when the minister made any regulations he should be required to consult with "all relevant stakeholders".
Adv de Lange pointed out that this could become problematic since "relevant stakeholders" was too wide a concept. Thus any person could attack the regulations on the basis that he/she was not consulted and felt that he/she was relevant. He accepted that in terms of 11(2)(b) it could be considered to somehow include this.
Adv de Lange stressed the point that final decisions were not being taken presently. What the committee was doing was to clarify, re-draft, and add various options so that a good third draft would be available incorporating concerns raised and amendments suggested by members with regard to the first draft. The drafters would have this next draft ready by Wednesday 15 December so that members could scrutinise it at their leisure. The meeting was adjourned