text:
Q: how to convert a flat javascript array into a nested graph structure? how would I convert this flat json structure:
[
    ["a","b","c"],
    ["a","b","d"],
    ["c","b","e"],
    ["c","b","f"]
]

Into the following graph structure using javascript?
{"uri": "a", "subItems": [
    {"uri": "b", "subItems": [
        {"uri": "c", "subItems": [
            {"uri": "b", "subItems": [
                {"uri": "e"},
                {"uri": "f"}
            ]}
        ]},
        {"uri": "d"}
    ]}
]}

A: I think this should get you REALLY close. It wraps the entire JSON result in an array, which was done to simplify the getNode function but you could easily just grab the [0] index of the array. I started out trying to conform to JSLint (hence the i = i + 1 instead of i++), but I gave up half way through so the code could be cleaned up a bit. ;)
http://jsfiddle.net/Zcyca/
var i, j, k, arr =
[
    ["a","b","c"],
    ["a","b","d"],
    ["c","b","e"],
    ["c","b","f"]
];

var results = [];
var last = results;

for(i = 0; i < arr.length; i = i + 1) {
    var subArr = arr[i];
    var parentURI = subArr[0], middleURI = subArr[1], childURI = subArr[2];
    var parent, middle, child;

    // Find parent or create parent
    parent = getNode(results, parentURI);
    if(parent === null) {
        results.push({"uri": parentURI, "subItems": []});
        parent = results[results.length-1];
    }
    if(typeof parent["subItems"] === "undefined") {
        parent["subItems"] = [];
    }

    // Find middle or create middle
    middle = getNode(parent["subItems"], middleURI);
    if(middle === null) {
        parent["subItems"].push({"uri": middleURI, "subItems": []});
        middle = parent["subItems"][parent["subItems"].length-1];
    }
    if(typeof middle["subItems"] === "undefined") {
        middle["subItems"] = [];
    }

    // Find child or create child
    child = getNode(middle["subItems"], childURI);
    if(child === null) {
        middle["subItems"].push({"uri": childURI});
        //child = middle["subItems"][middle["subItems"].length-1];
    }
}

document.write(JSON.stringify(results));

function getNode(arr, uri) {
    var node = null;

    (function recurseArr(arr) {
        for(var i = 0; i < arr.length; i = i + 1) {
            var obj = arr[i];
            if(obj["uri"] === uri) {
                node = arr[i];
                break;
            } else if(typeof obj["subItems"] !== "undefined") {
                recurseArr(obj["subItems"]);
            }
        }
    })(arr);

  return node;
}

A: There is not "easy" way it seems.
I wasn't sure how to handle what to do where t needs to find another match for example if you were to add ["b", "e", "b"] where should it go? the "b" on the second level or the fourth?
http://jsfiddle.net/qVFCe/3/
var data = [
["a", "b", "c"],
["a", "b", "d"],
["c", "b", "e"],
["c", "b", "f"]
];

var group = null;

var baseStructure = {
    "uri": null,
    "subItems": []
};

function find(parent, uri) {
    for (var i = 0; parent.subItems && i < parent.subItems.length; i++) {
        if (parent.subItems[i].uri == uri) {
            return parent.subItems[i];
        }
    }
    return null;
}

function findRecursive(parent, uri) {
    var i, obj;
    //look in children
    for (i = 0; parent.subItems && i < parent.subItems.length; i++) {
        obj = find(parent.subItems[i], uri);
        if (obj !== null) {
            return obj;
        }
    }
    //look recursively in children
    for (i = 0; parent.subItems && i < parent.subItems.length; i++) {
        obj = findRecursive(parent.subItems[i], uri);
        if (obj !== null) {
            return obj;
        }
    }
    return null;
}

for (var i = 0; (group = data[i]); i++) {
    var current = baseStructure;
    for (var j = 0; j < group.length; j++) {
        var obj = find(current, group[j]);

        if (obj === null && j === 0) {
            obj = findRecursive(current, group[j]);
        }

        if (obj === null) {
            //create a new one if not found
            obj = {
                uri: group[j]
            };
            if(current.subItems === undefined)
            {
                current.subItems = [];
            }
            current.subItems.push(obj);
        }
        current = obj;
    }
}


text:
FX Medicine
Home of integrative and complementary medicine
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FX Medicine LIVE
The Dental Diet with Dr Steven Lin
Video of The Dental Diet with Dr Steven Lin
According to Dr Steven Lin we're facing a health crisis with issues such as Type 2 diabetes, sleep apnoea, obesity and behavioural disorders now at epidemic levels. Worse still, these issues are affecting the population younger and younger as time progresses.
As a dentist, Dr Steven Lin is seeing these issues in practice and witnessing the relationships between dental health and systemic health and/or disease. It has prompted him to re-examine the underlying causative factors and resulted in him writing a book; The Dental Diet to raise awareness of the issues of the lost nutrients in modern day diets.
Today we talk to Steven about his observations and how focussing on fat soluble vitamins is crucial to turning many health issues around.
Covered in this episode:
[00:38] Welcoming back Dr Steven Lin
[01:41] Fat soluble vitamins
[04:48] Vitamin D testing
[07:02] Vitamin K2 - "The dental vitamin"
[17:01] The tooth immune system
[19:24] Don't be scared of Vitamin A
[21:36] Vitamin A, D, E, K depend on each other
[27:02] Focussing on dietary behaviour changes
[37:33] Kids, nutrients and dental disease
[40:32] The Dental Diet book
Andrew: This is FX Medicine, I'm Andrew Whitfield-Cook. Joining us on the line today is Dr Steven Lin. Trained at University of Sidney in a background of biomedical science, Steven works with a focus on the systemic effects of oral disease in his dental practice.
A TedEx speaker and passionate health communicator, he is working to merge the dental and nutritional fields with the publication of The Dental Diet: An Exploration of Evolutionary Diet, Genetics and Nutritional Medicine, due for release in 2018.
Based on the pioneering work of Dr Weston A. Price, Dr Lin explores the link between modern industrialised food, dental disease and every other degenerative health problem known to mankind.
You can follow him for dental, nutritional and lifestyle tips at drstevenlin.com or via @drstevenlin on Facebook, Twitter, or Instagram.
Welcome back to FX Medicine. Steven, how are you?
Steven: Oh, thanks Andrew, I'm really well. How are you going?
Andrew: Really good. Now, last time we podcasted, we explored some of the functional aspects of dentistry, and indeed, evolution. But today I want to explore something that we eat every day, we take for granted. Modern medicine will tell us that we get ample of, but indeed we're seeing issues with, and that's the fat-soluble vitamins.
Steven: Yeah, absolutely. We kind of covered a big topic last time in terms of where jaw growth and our teeth and how orthodontic braces and crooked teeth aren't just… you know, we're not just fixing misaligned dentitions. We're actually dealing with jaws that also house, you know, jaw airways.
But what I've really kind of looked into is what are the bodily processes that cause that cause our jaws to grow? And what have we removed that has stopped our jaws from growing? Because we're really in an orthodontic epidemic now. And we can nealry track it directly, to what we eat.
Andrew: Well, when you say what we eat, you know, most people would think about jaw growth and they'd be thinking minerals, not fat soluble vitamins. When we're thinking fat-soluble vitamins, A, D, E, and K, what's so important about them and indeed where are the issues?
Steven: Yeah, exactly. We do have a bit of a focus on minerals, and that is the problem. But if you look at what we eat and the nutrients that the human body needs, it's how we manage these minerals. And our body has these amazing systems to actually absorb, transport, and place minerals, but we have to eat the right nutrients. And the fat-soluble vitamins, are the… they're the key factors in getting your body doing these things. I think we've misunderstood this in a way. And for growing strong jaws and teeth, they're the key nutrients.
Andrew: You're indeed right. We concentrate on calcium, but then we know, it's medically accepted that Vitamin D helps with calcium placement. But indeed there's other things that help in that. And not just calcium but of course, other minerals.
Steven: Absolutely, absolutely. And the calcium issue, you know, it really is at the core of when we're managing bones and tooth mineralisation. How your body manages calcium really shows you whether you're getting enough of these nutrients. And when you're talking about Vitamin D, this is exactly getting to the root of the problem.
And we really haven't had a great understanding of Vitamin D up until quite recently. And the research on Vitamin D has really streamed out over the last two decades. But before that, you know, our knowledge of Vitamin D was really simply just based on its role in calcium. In terms of when we are VItamin D deficient, we'll only absorb 10% to 15% of calcium from our intestines. But it goes far beyond that as well and it actually doesn't act alone. So even testing Vitamin D alone, which is important, doesn't give us the full picture on how our body is distributing calcium.
Andrew: Without throwing hundreds of dollars at testing, I do remember there was somebody who used to...I think it was $400 odd worth of testing. It was a lot of money, placing doctors in a very awkward position in Australia with regards to Medicare. How do you do appropriate testing and what testing do you recommend?
Steven: I do recommend Vitamin D testing, and there are still options where we can get Vitamin D testing under Medicare. And that's usually when it's associated with another condition, which is always almost is. So that's the current state we're at.
And we do unfortunately have a little bit of a...well, physicians have been placed under a bit of pressure because of this cost. So I think in Australia, we really need to move towards a cost-effective measure where we can test everyone. And there are some good companies coming out now where we can do some blood prick tests and test Vitamin D. Which should be coming out and, unfortunately, we don't have, you know, some of the options that they do in U.S. and UK.
But Vitamin D testing, in my opinion, is one of the most important measures we should be keeping an eye on. Because everyone is different and if you're not getting a lot of direct sunlight, and even in the winter months, you simply don't have enough. And when I started testing my patients, I found that nearly all were deficient and or it related to their dental disease.
Andrew: There are some cheap Vitamin D tests around now.
Steven: Yeah, no, there certainly are. And I think we're going to find that they are more available coming out. And I do think that you know, there should be a role of both self-testing, but also alongside a physician and, as you say, user pays.
But also I think, you know, I don't know if we use our Vitamin D levels right, you know? So, just testing and getting a level may not be useful. We're really not understanding these fat-soluble vitamin system. And I that's really, you know, potentially at the root of this problem is that we've got these levels and we've got tests that are costing us money but are we really doing the right thing to address that?
Andrew: So when you're saying address that, you mean you use the right tests?
Steven: Well, I mean, not so much tests. So, for instance, there was a study in 2011 that showed that...I mean, one of the most well-known applications of Vitamin D supplementation, for instance, is for osteoporosis. And so they tested the osteoporotic women who were taking the Vitamin D supplements with calcium, and they actually had an increased risk of heart disease.
Andrew: Oh, right.
Steven: Yeah, so those studies are no longer ethical because of the increased risk of cardiovascular events.
And so there is really a, you know, kind of a moment there where we realised that maybe VItamin D isn't the only picture with calcium. And if people are having increased heart attacks, and they weren't having increases in bone density, by the way. So we were giving them Vitamin D and calcium supplements. They were having been no increase in bone density, but they were having cardiovascular effects.
So it shows that there was some more to the picture here, and I think that really kind of gets to the root. Problem here is that we're not understanding the system.
Andrew: This is very typical of medicine. They want one magic thing to do a magic job. And I remember the study they used, what was it, 1,600 milligrams of calcium citrate? So they're using one form of calcium, it is well absorbed, certainly better than calcium carbonate. But it's one form of calcium, it's not the breadth of minerals that's found in bone.
The other thing was that it was a very large amount of Vitamin D that they gave. Calcium is sort of like...to me, it's a canary. This issue with Vitamin D with calcium and cardiovascular disease, to me that raises a red flag with inflammation.
Steven: Absolutely. You know, using that term as a canary is, I think is excellent. Because it really shows that we've been giving people calcium supplements. If you think about the body, it doesn't make a lot of sense. Why not get their system so they're using calcium in the appropriate way? And like you say, inflammation, underlying gut inflammation, underlying liver or kidney issues will mean they won't absorb Vitamin D in the first place.
So why aren't their Vitamin D levels high enough or getting to the blood levels that we need and being used by the body? Also, the other levels, the other parts of this system that distribute calcium alongside Vitamin D, we haven't even considered them whatsoever.
Andrew: I think one of the other issues, of course, is the sloth mentality. You know, you take a tablet, and you want it to do all the good. It's kind of like, you know, giving an astronaut a calcium supplement and saying, "There you go. Your bones are going to be okay."
Steven: Yeah, this is it. Probably the calcium… the way we approach calcium came from the rickets approach back in the late 1800s and early 1900s where young kids weren't growing their femur bones because of a lack of Vitamin D. And we simply...you know, it was the cod liver approach that cured that epidemic. And we kind of just struck that off as, you know, Vitamin D and calcium. And then the forward moving movement of osteoporosis was...you know, vitamin D was thought to be the only factor, but there's more to it.
Andrew: So, with regards to more to it, we've got another fat-soluble vitamin which, of course, is really, you know, one of the late-breaking heroes, and that's Vitamin K. But then there's different forms.
Steven: Yeah. Exactly, exactly. And this kind of goes back to what Weston A. Price wrote about. He was kind of saying in the '30s, you know, after we'd had this rickets epidemic that all these traditional societies, they ate these diets rich in these three factors. And it was Vitamins A and D, which he identified. He went back to his lab for years after traveling around the world. But then Activator X, which he wrote about, he couldn't identify it and he died. His work was left as Activator X, as these three factors that were, you know, sometimes 10, 20 times richer in traditional diets than what his patients were eating back in Cleveland, Ohio.
And for 70 years, we didn't know what Activator X was. And that really was a huge misnomer, I think, as to why Price's work wasn't understood because it wasn't until 2007 that Chris Masterjohn put it together and said, "Well, hang on." And they looked through some evidence going back through some Japanese studies. But also some quite obscure physiology around VItamin K and found that there's actually two of them. And that Vitamin K1, the one that we know that is involved in blood clotting, is one molecule called the phylloquinones, but the menaquinones was actually the molecule that Price was talking about, and that was rich in these diets.
And menaquinones have a completely different role to phylloquinones. And this is… now we're getting into what we're talking about in terms of calcium distribution because they activate proteins in the body that carry calcium. It's one of the most obvious yet misunderstood physiological processes is that, you know, once Vitamin D absorbs and yields us all the calcium that we need, Vitamin K2 has to activate the proteins. Osteocalcin and matrix GLA protein to, one, take the calcium into bones, which is osteocalcin primarily. But matrix GLA protein needs to go around and pick up the calcium out of our soft tissues.
So, we're throwing Vitamin D and calcium into our patients that were absorbing some calcium, but it's going into our vessels and soft tissue, where it shouldn't be, and we're having cardiovascular risk.
Andrew: Did Vitamin K2 become evident to us because of the work of Weston A. Price, and they were looking at this activating factor X?
Steven: Well, it's one of the most misunderstood vitamins, I think, of the, seeing it was the 20th century, but I think ever. So we identified it in the 1920s and '30s, so it was identified as a chemical molecule, but it was so similar to the Vitamin K1 that we put it into one category as Vitamin K.
Andrew: Yeah, that's right.
Steven: Yeah, but they're two different things. And then, as Harvard in '75, they picked up that osteocalcin was this protein that was Vitamin K activated. And then in the '90s, we found the MGP protein. So, it was a very pieced puzzle along the way.
And then they found that the MGP protein prevented arterial calcification. But we still didn't connect to that fact that there were two Vitamin K molecules, and that they did different things in the body. And so that wasn't until 2007. It was kind of this huge culmination of looking at Price's work but then all this Vitamin K, very kind of in-depth chemical...it's a very specialised area of chemistry, so I think only a very small group of chemists really understood the molecule. And then putting that together with what Price saw and trying to understand that K1 and K2 are very different.
Andrew: You know, when I did nursing, there was Vitamin K. That's it. There was no K2. It was just Vitamin K, that was its name and that's all it's for, you know, clotting. And that's what you use it for and you give Konakion to a baby when they're born. End of story. And even now, you'll get medical professionals that are not aware of Vitamin K2, and they will automatically assume that Vitamin K is one entity, and it's for blood.
Steven: Exactly, exactly. And the name K itself is really flawed because they really are two separate molecules. You know, they behave very differently, they're related but, you know, we haven't been taught the physiology of K2. And it's all there in the literature. We know what it does in the body. But we simply have not been taught how it connects to, one, bone mineralization and tooth mineralisation, but also prevention of soft tissue calcification.
Andrew: Right. So do you find that it has a role in gingivitis as well or is it mainly to do with just that remineralisation of teeth?
Steven: Yes. We can pretty much rename, if we're going and rename it, the dental vitamin. Because it's just magic in the mouth.
K2, when my patients start to eat K2 when we start to introduce it back… And there's actually something very interesting. There's an observation you see in dental patients that is, I think, one of the most cardinal signs that we're not getting enough K2 potentially, and that's actually calcification of dental plaque. So, dental calculus.
So, people who get that big buildup on the back of their lower teeth, if you run your tongue along there, and that's the stuff you get cleaned off at your dental prophylaxis.
Andrew: Yep, yep.
Steven: People have a very...certain people have a very illogical buildup of this dental calculus, and it's caked on. And sometimes completely covering the tooth for two, three, four, five centimeters. And there's no explanation in dentistry why some people would have a bigger buildup of this calcified plaque, you know, besides the fact that they don't brush and floss. And it doesn't make a lot of sense.
I've seen patients who have very good oral hygiene but have this amazingly persistent and large buildup of dental calculus. And it is a lack of Vitamin K2. Their body can't place calcium into the bones.
Andrew: You really did blow my mind with our last podcast. You were talking about things that I just thought weren't possible. And one of the things that you really woke up in me was the immune system of the teeth. So, are you saying therefore that calcium is being the canary, because it a) it can't be placed to where it should be and so it's settling out in places where it can't. Well, it's settling down as plaque because of an aberrant immune response or a problem with the microbiota of the oral cavity?
Steven: Well, there's a two-pronged front there. And this is really kind of the central dogma of oral health. Is that bacteria in the mouth are the environmental dictators of the oral environment. And we have probiotic bugs in there that are protecting its species. So, a diverse oral microbiome, just like a diverse gut microbiome is what promotes oral health. That's part one.
But part two is that the body and every tooth has its own immune system. And this immune system...so every tooth has a junction between the enamel, which is the hard outer coating and the dentine, which is the inner coating. And the enamel is mineralised, it doesn't have cells. It's not alive, as such. But what the dentine has is a blood supply and a nerve supply from the dental pulp. And they're actually cells called the odontoblast that sit down at that dental enamel junction. And they're like kind of the SWAT police of the tooth.
But the odontoblasts are run by Vitamin A and D. So, if you don't have enough Vitamin A and D, you're not activating this osteo immune system that is defending your teeth. And so odontoblasts will actually release the proteins, MGP protein, and osteocalcin. And so if you don't have K2, they can't release the immune factors that protect your tooth against any invading bacteria.
So you have an inbuilt defense system in there that is run by Vitamin A, D, and K2. So that's why people today have, you know, we have rampant tooth decay because we don't have that inner defense system. We've got an imbalanced oral microbiome, and then whole thing's out of whack.
Andrew: Do you have to have preformed retinol, as in topical exposure, or can it just be absorption from diet? You know, a good dose of carrots, and if you're that way inclined, you can have some lambs fry.
Steven: Well, yeah, exactly. You've hit the nail on the head there. Price did find that preformed Vitamin A, and we know there are absorption issues with preformed Vitamin A. Certain people don't convert it well. And so it seems that we do need a dietary source of preformed Vitamin A, so it's being delivered to the teeth.
And Vitamin A plays a crucial role in things like jaw growth and clefts and facial growth as well. So, it's all interconnected. So we know that Vitamin A plays a role in cleft lips and palate. And there seems to be a role in these midline deficiency with Vitamin A.
Because our knowledge of the physiology of Vitamin A isn't very detailed. There are many, many different Vitamin A receptors. So how it works in the body and how it signals facial growth, we understand that it works in these processes. And we understand that, for instance, in clefts and cleft lips, Vitamin A is a factor. But we don't go into much depth into, for instance, going further into understanding how it relates to, for instance, malocclusion, but also jaw growth as a whole.
Andrew: Look, again, glad you mentioned it because, like I constantly am dumbfounded by the paranoia about Vitamin A. Yes, high doses of Vitamin A are teratogenic, and cause all sorts of issues. But there's an International Vitamin A Working Group, an IVAG paper on Vitamin A and it states that 10 thousand IU can be given at any stage of pregnancy regardless of existing status of Vitamin A. And indeed I remember reading a paper of 15 thousand IU was preventing facial cleft deformities.
But there seems to be this area above where we don't know what happens. Then it becomes a problem. So what's your experience?
Steven: Well, I mean, so the thing is with Vitamin A and A, D, and K2, they all work together. We create a need in the body for Vitamin A when we ingest Vitamin D. And this was Price's entire theory and observation with what he looked at in terms of the dietary aspect of dental growth. Was that these three vitamins worked together. And if you look in terms of, you know, going back to our calcium distribution problem, you can probably see Vitamin D as being kind of the material truck pulling up to a house construction site. And then vitamin A activates all the osteoclasts and the cells to turn over all the workers to bring the materials into the job. But then K2 activates...it's kind of the water into the cement mixer. So without K2 we don't activate the materials to actually put into the house. But you need all three together, and they're work in this beautiful synergy all over the body. Vitamin A and Vitamin D activate genes, both with VDR receptor, but both interacting with each other as well. So, Vitamin D will activate a certain gene, but it will also depend on vitamin A as well.
Andrew: And I've got to say, I wanted to do a call out before because the brilliant work with regards to Vitamin D from Professor Michael Holick, elucidating its other actions in the body outside the bone.
Steven: Absolutely. And this is really what last 10 years of...you know, the last two decades, really, of research that has shown us is we can link Vitamin D deficiency to digestive issues, to immune issues, to metabolic issues, right through to the brain and Alzheimer's disease.
And we're talking about, you know, these VDR receptors being on two to three thousand genes. So there are genes sitting there and waiting for Vitamin D, and yet, close to 75% of us are what we would classify insufficient. And it's just insane that we have not had this conversation in more depth.
Andrew: Well, indeed, in Australia there's still this pervasive attitude that anything above 50 is fine. Indeed, if you're at 50, you're fine. That's optimal. Which is not. That's the lower limit of acceptability. And there's people that...like, I think it's the Osteoporosis Society finally sort of saying, "Now, look, we really should be looking at 75." But then there's other work. Indeed, Michael Holick did work showing African tribesmen. They had levels of 220 nanomoles per liter.
Steven: The recommendations of Vitamin D levels, when you really look at them, they don't have a lot of...there's not a lot of logic there. You know, like you say, we're generally hovering around the 50 stage across the board now.
But there's one Canadian study, 1,000 schoolkids, and they showed that the risk of tooth decay increased below 50, but there was also relative risk between 50 and 75.
Andrew: Oh, really?
Steven: Yeah. And that comes up also in studies like Alzheimer's as well. That there is a relative risk as we decrease our levels, as the levels drop…
Andrew: Yeah, MS. There's a world map of multiple sclerosis and the higher latitudes and the higher the risk of MS.
Steven: It's really that simple. I don't understand why this hasn't been better communicated. And for one, in the dental industry, I think dentists should be probably at the forefront of managing Vitamin D because of what we know and what it does in the mouth. Yet, it just has not propagated in how we practice or even our understanding of what it does in the mouth.
Andrew: I've got to say, though, you really opened my eyes once again about stop using these things in isolation, because, you know, if we're just going to go, "Oh, there we go. An intervention of let's say 4,000 IU of Vitamin D." Well, it might raise the Vitamin D, but does it change the outcome of disease? Maybe the issue is that you're being too simplistic and you're not giving, you know, K or vitamin A with it. K2, I should say. Or Vitamin A with it as well.
Steven: Absolutely. And the fat-soluble system, you know, really is a system. And we've really misunderstood...this goes right down to our message of blood cholesterols. Blood cholesterol are our lipoproteins are what carries these vitamins around the body. And so without, for instance, taking a Vitamin D supplement with a fatty meal, and that's probably likely, even with the saturated fat, a decent percentage of saturated fat in that meal, we're unlikely to absorb this nutrient from the get-go.
So, you know, how we're recommending that these supplements are taken and what they're taken with. For instance, a Vitamin D supplement should never be taken without a K2 supplement full stop. But we don't get this message. And there are some brands out there now, they put it all together, they put D3, they'll put K2, magnesium, and calcium.
So, it is getting there, but it has been a very, very slow message, and a lot of physicians aren't aware of this, and, unfortunately, a lot of dentists as well.
Andrew: But of course, we should always be, you know, favouring diet over supplements. So how do you access this with your patients, about correcting the real problem, which is their dietary intake?
Steven: Absolutely. And that's always the baseline moving forward. You know, we have a system here that is waiting for this stuff. These are the most crucial nutrients, in my opinion. When you shape a diet around the fat-soluble vitamins, everything falls into place.
Andrew: Right.
Steven: And you kind of the physiology, you know, it makes a lot of sense. Because they're actually the hardest nutrients to get in the diet. And so traditional society always treasured these foods that were rich in fat-soluble vitamins. Because you have to treat them well or you don't get them. And we're talking things like, you know, amazing grass raised butter, things like organ meat, which, as you said, the lamb fry up, a slice of organ meat or dishes that contain organ meats have been treasured in every society around the world.
The things like eggs, things like fermented foods such as Japanese natto, high in K2, cheeses and full-fat dairy. These are foods that have been treasured, you know, for many, many thousands of years. And the reason is because if you don't treat them right...our modern dairy freesia's would have very little vitamin K2, and likely Vitamin D unless it's fortified because our animals aren't...they're not receiving for instance, the precursors of sunlight, preformed Vitamin A and K1 through eating grass.
Andrew: Okay. Couple of questions here. Firstly, it's been shown that the major impact of changing of Vitamin D is really behavioural. We need to be eating lunch or at least five minutes of lunch outside and exposing the upper parts of our body, even if it's just the arms and, you know, the top part of our chest, the neck area. People eat lunch indoors. I think that's been shown pretty well. Notwithstanding that we do get Vitamin D from food. Vitamin K, however, is very interesting. Now, I don't like liver. Steak and kidney pie, I remember vomiting up into the bowl. So, for those of us that don't like organ meats, where do we get Vitamin K2?
Steven: So, grass-fed butter. So dairy, if you do tolerate dairy, if it's grass raised, it will have K2 because the cows eat the grass which has K1 in it.
Things like fermented foods will give the MK-7 version of vitamin K2. So sauerkrauts, and they have to be fermentable and quality. But Japanese natto is one of the richest sources of the MK-7 vitamin K2. There are certain foods...kefir is a great one as well. Eggs, so a few eggs a day, as long as they're...the chickens are pastured and have kind of, been running around and eating seeds and bugs. They have K2 as well.
Andrew: You mentioned cheeses before. Are there any certain cheeses that are higher in K2?
Steven: Yeah. The brie and gouda are both rich in K2, and that's the MK-7 form because it's the fermentation process. So there is a bacterial mode of K2 synthesis. You've got the MK-4s, which are found in the animal products because they're converted from the K1. But the MK-7s are actually bacterially-derived. So you find these in cheeses which are fermented. Your sauerkrauts, natto for instance.
And so it is, it's a very small set of foods, actually, that have K2 in them. So it's really, really important that we focus on them. And that's what societies have always done. Organ meats are actually...I get what you're saying there, it's an ajustment. . But there is a way to work it in. For instance, creating mince with, you know, just having a few slices of organ meat. You can hide it in the bolognese for instance. I get my patients to do that, especially with kids as well.
But a slice of liver just has this full spectrum of these nutrients. And you know, it is difficult to get. And we've just had these foods in our history for a very, very long time. So I think a slight readjustment in that sense is important, but there are other dietary sources as well.
Andrew: I like the thought of hiding it. So what about things like Vitamin A, of course? We talk about preformed Vitamin A, and you get that in high amounts in liver. Fantastic. What about carrots? What about vegetable sources?
Steven: Well, vegetable sources have that proformed vitamins and beta-carotene. Our body will convert a certain amount. Also, there are certain people, depending on their...there are certain genes that will depend on how well we convert our beta-carotenes. Whether we eat it with fats so that the rest of your diet... So a higher fat diet is crucial for this as well because these vitamins are fat-soluble.
So we need to be eating a lot of fats, and this includes saturated fats. You know, to what we would normally, in our diet in a modern Western diet, in order to absorb these properly. So, there's studies that show that if you eat a salad with fats, you're going to absorb more of the beta-carotene. That's simply because of the fat-soluble nature of the molecule.
Andrew: I was going to make another point and that is for those listeners that might not be able to handle something like lamb's fry, you know, the lamb liver, or steak and kidney pie, that sort of thing. Then, even things like chicken liver, like the pates, they're much dietarily accepted for a lot more people. So even things like chicken liver can help with Vitamin K and Vitamin A.
Steven: Absolutely, yes. Duck and goose liver pates are really high in K2, and you can kind of salt them and give them a bit of a taste. And kids tend to like them too. So that's one, pates are good for kids as well. But, yeah, they also have desiccated liver tablets. But I don't know, I just think that you know, we should try and least have, you know, one meal a week.
Andrew: Yeah.
Steven: But the thing is too, that when you understand what it does in the body, and I'm not sure if you've tried a slice of grass-raised liver? It's like a strong, strong coffee. But your body is really happy when you're eating this stuff. And you feel a million bucks. You know, liver cooked in turmeric, and you know, a nice butter and coconut oil.
Andrew: I really think I would have to cook it with some flavoring.
Steven: Yeah. Well, you know, like a bolognese in a mince, you would completely not notice it there.
Andrew: Well, look, these are the things that we need to do for our patients, and I think anything that we can do to increase them, great.
Steven: Yeah, we've really not had this conversation that these foods are important. So that's the first step is that we need to understand which of the foods and why we need them. So there's not a lot of this information out there, unfortunately, for our patients. And so I think that really is a big first step.
Andrew: And these are covered in your book, The Dental Diet, yeah?
Steven: Exactly. So there's a 40-day meal plan in The Dental Diet to reintroduce these traditionally, ancestral based foods in a modern world, you know, both for taste and also convenience.
Andrew: When you re-institute the intake of these vitamins in your diet, I would hope that you don't have to supplement, but maybe there's this short-term period where you might do an emergency, sort of, supplementation phase. Do you do that?
Steven: Yeah. Generally, with patients, I find that the dietary changes are certainly long-term, but for healing of certain conditions, supplementation is needed. And things like cod liver oil tablets and also Emu oil is a great source of A, D, and K2, one of the richest, actually. We're very lucky here in Australia. It's one of the richest sources of the MK-4. They're dietary supplements. They are needed in certain situations.
And because of all the physiological processes that happen to convert Vitamin D, many people with digestive issues or metabolic issues or kidney or liver issues will take a long time for their levels to lift up, and we need to monitor. And they sometimes do need to supplement with higher doses. People with sleep apnea, for instance, have been shown to have low Vitamin D, and it does take time to reestablish a good gut microbiome that can absorb it all and get things moving back.
Andrew: And once people correct their intake and have adequate amounts of these vitamins, how quickly do you find a resolution or at least a mitigation of their conditions? I mean, you know, sleep apnea is something very serious. I wouldn't be relying on just a little bit of supplementation to cure this, so what do you do?
Steven: No. Absolutely. The dietary change is significant, and it is usually a significant lifestyle shift that we need to get people off harmful foods for one. You know, the sugars, the flours, the vegetable oils. These are all things that are stopping us from absorbing these nutrients in the first place.
But once we replace, and if we can get people eating a fat-soluble nutrient-dense diet, in kids especially, we see a rebound, you know, nearly immediately. It's quite amazing that you know, their bodies just appreciate so much when they begin to eat foods that are actually giving them what they need to grow and develop.
In people with sleep apnea, I've seen very, very good results, for instance. People with sleep apnea often have chronic gum issues, because there is a breathing/inflammation thing going on in the body, you know. And these periodontal issues will not be resolved, you know, just by scraping the teeth through periodontal treatments and regimes.
Yeah. So when we get the vitamin D levels up, when we change their diet, all of a sudden their inflammation levels in their mouth have resolved, and their sleep is starting to get better. And so they're on a track to getting better. And they're eating better, and they feel a lot better as well.
Andrew: Now, you mentioned kids there, I have to ask, with regards to A, D, E and K, I'm thinking maybe particularly A, D and K, but what about growing pains?
Steven: Yeah, well, exactly. And you know, there's a lot of things like, you know, tooth eruption, you know, thyroid issues. You mentioned hormonal issues. Vitamin D is completely fundamental in managing the hormonal systems in the body.
So, these are vitamins that kids drastically need. If you test kids, especially the kids that I have seen with dental disease, they are always at dangerous levels of vitamin D. This goes across a full spectrum of conditions. And when we're talking about growth and development, they're absolutely fundamental.
Andrew: We've got a scourge of obesity in the community, and particularly in our kids. 20% of our kids are overweight. I would imagine a rather big backlash from the Orthodox sector of the medical community saying, "How could you recommend a high-fat diet in kids that are overweight?" How would you answer that?
Steven: Yeah. I mean, I think the problem with this is that the evidence heavily suggests that simple refined carbohydrates, in terms of sugar and especially fructose that kids are consuming now, is driving the increase in obesity and also, even type 2 diabetes in younger and younger people.
So, removing sugars is almost agreed across the board as being the, you know, the approach to this. But one big problem, and I think we're kind of in a grey zone with dietary recommendations now is that we don't know what to replace with. And we've now established, you know, the whole saturated fat conversation, we've had that. We need to really...you know, because these foods that we're talking about do contain high levels of saturated fat. But the evidence has shown that the reason why we were hiding from these foods in the first place, you know, weren't grounded in good science in the first place.
So, saturated fats don't cause obesity, they don't cause heart disease. We need to straight up say that. We need to have that conversation and turn this kind of dietary confusion that we've had around. And, you know, the really kind of scary thing too is that when you kind of track what we did in terms of what Weston A. Price was writing about in the '30s and '40s. Then what we did in the '60s and '70s in terms of removing these saturated fats... These are the foods that are rich in fat-soluble vitamins. We directly advised against them and this is the reason why. So we've taken the exact opposite route of what we knew developed dental arches. And the result has been the type 2 diabetes epidemic, the obesity epidemic. We're now walking into behavioural epidemics and sleep apnea epidemics. So that, we've got our answer. We've had an experiment on ourselves. It's time to turn that around.
Andrew: Steven, and I think the way to turn around is certainly to start reading your book, and I'm going to. The Dental Diet: An Exploration of Evolutionary Diet, Genetics and Nutritional Medicine.
Brilliant. I want one. Steven, I can't thank you enough for taking us through the dietary sources, the issues that can be corrected by concentrating on a fat-soluble diet and getting enough fat-soluble vitamins back into our diet.
Can't thank you enough. Thank you so much for joining us on FX Medicine.
Steven: Thanks so much, Andrew. It was an absolute pleasure.
Andrew: This is FX Medicine. I'm Andrew Whitfield-Cook.
Dr Steven Lin
Book: The Dental Diet
TEDx Talk: Dr Steven Lin: The Power of a Smile
Dr Weston A. Price
IVACG: International Vitamin A Consultive Group
Research Explored in this episode
Schroth RJ, Rabbani R, Loewen G, et al. Vitamin D and Dental Caries in Children. J Dent Res. 2016 Feb;95(2):173-9
Other podcasts with Steven include:
The Oral Microbiome with Dr Steven Lin
The information provided on FX Medicine is for educational and informational purposes only. The information provided on this site is not, nor is it intended to be, a substitute for professional advice or care. Please seek the advice of a qualified health care professional in the event something you have read here raises questions or concerns regarding your health.
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FX Medicine is at the forefront of ensuring functional and integrative medicine gains the recognition it deserves and ultimately establishes itself as an integral part of standard medical practice. Hosted by Andrew Whitfield-Cook, our podcasts are designed to promote research and evidence-based therapeutic practises, acting as a progressive force for change and improvement in patient health and wellbeing.
How Sugar Influences Female Fertility with Georgia Marrion
Dec 15, 2020 Podcast
Food As Medicine: The Science of the Olive Plant with Sarah Gray
Dec 2, 2020 Podcast
Dental Controversies with Dr Ron Ehrlich
Jul 3, 2020 Podcast
Gut Health: the gateway to mental wellbeing
Jul 3, 2020 Article
Assessing and Supporting the Microbiome with Jessica Cox
Jun 2, 2020 Podcast
Part 1: The Impact of Sugar on Reproductive Health
Jul 21, 2020 Article
Key Herbal Medicines for Supporting Immunity
Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) for Respiratory Infections
Jun 11, 2020 Article
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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set -euo pipefail

readonly SCRIPT_NAME="$( basename "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )"
readonly SCRIPT_DIR="$( cd "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" && pwd )"

# shellcheck source=./utils.sh
source "${SCRIPT_DIR}/utils.sh"

main() {
    log "Cleaning up tox"
    rm -rfv "${BASE_DIR}/.tox"

    log "Cleaning up pytest cache"
    rm -rfv "${BASE_DIR}/.pytest_cache"

    log "Cleaning up pycache files"
    find "${BASE_DIR}" -iname '__pycache__' -type d -print0 | xargs -0 rm -rfv

    log "Cleaning up test results"
    rm -fv "${BASE_DIR}/TEST-*.xml"

    log "Cleaning up coverage files"
    rm -fv "${BASE_DIR}/.coverage"
    rm -fv "${BASE_DIR}/coverage.xml"
    rm -rfv "${BASE_DIR}/coverage_html_report"

    log "Cleaning up dist packages"
    rm -rfv "${DIST_DIR}"

    log "Cleaning up build packages"
    rm -rfv "${BUILD_DIR}"

    log "Cleaning up built docs"
    rm -rfv "${DOCS_BUILD_DIR}"
}

main "$@"

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Watch Michael Buble Turn Into Justin Bieber!
Known for being a diehard romantic, Michael Buble showed off his humorous side in his new video for "Hollywood" by transforming himself into several stars including Clint Eastwood, James Dean — and his fellow Canadian, Justin Bieber! You can watch the clip here if you haven't seen it already, but I've got something even better: the traditional pop singer gave Usmagazine.com an exclusive backstage peek into filming the video and transforming into the Biebs!
"You can see how much fun I had playing these characters," says Buble, who also plays a man from outer space, an actor fighting off the paparazzi and a Starsky and Hutch-esque character in a muscle car. "This video is about celebrity culture and people's dreams about fame… And of course a reminder that it's important to remember what's real and what isn't."
And if you really dig the bubbly new track, it will be featured on the upcoming Crazy Love Hollywood Edition, out October 25, which features the original smash Crazy Love CD plus four brand new studio tracks and four new live ditties!
By Ian Drew for UsMagazine.com. To read more of Ian's blog, click here, and don't forget to follow him onTwitter.


Died: 1st October 1918; age 20; KiA.
Formerly 2344, Suffolk Cyclist regiment.
Relatives Notified & Address: Son of W. & Mrs L. Barham, of 134, Finchley Road, Ipswich.
1901 134, Finchley Road, Ipswich.
William Barham, 41, a Maltster, born Marlesford, Suffolk.
Laura Barham (nee Martin), 41, born Grundisburgh, Suffolk.
William James Barham, 15, an Iron Foundry Labourer, born Ipswich.
Elizabeth Barham, 10, born Ipswich.
Rose Barham, 7, born Ipswich.
Walter Martin Barham, 5, born Ipswich.
Charles Edward barham, 5 months, born Ipswich.
Top: Walter, Elizabeth (Lizzie), Florence (Florrie), William (Bill), Annie, Arthur.
Bottom: Rose, William Barham, Fred, Laura Barham, Margaret (Maggie).
1911 134, Finchley Road, Ipswich.
Arthur was 13 years old, he attended school & was a News Boy. He was living with his parents, siblings & nephews.
William, 51, a Maltster's Labourer – Corn Merchant.
Elizabeth, 20, a Waitress – Tea Rooms – Corset Factory.
Walter Martin Barham, 15, an Errand Boy – Stationery Printers.
Frederick Stanley Barham, 7, born Ipswich.
Florence Jane Smith (nee Barham), 27, born Ipswich.
William Robert Smith, 2, born Carlton Colville, Suffolk.
Frederick Charles Smith, 1, born Carlton Colville.
Soldiers' Effects to William Barham – father.
Arthur is also remembered on St. Michael's Church War Memorial Ipswich.


text:
A. Delano & why Chinuk Wawa was thought to extend to the Rocky Mts.
Not too long ago, I read the Forty-Niner A[lonzo] Delano's 1854 book:
"Life on the Plains and Among the Diggings; being Scenes and Adventures of an Overland Journey to California: with Particular Incidents of the Route, Mistakes and Sufferings of the Emigrants, the Indian Tribes, the Present and the Future of the Great West"
(Auburn: Miller, Orton & Mulligan.)
"Life on the Plains…"
(Image credit: Biblio.com)
Although there's some of that Northern California Pidgin Spanish/English in it that I've commented on time and again — and there's really no Chinook Jargon! — language is not directly the use of this volume, for me.
Indirectly, it is.
Because this writer got me thinking about why there's been such a longstanding notion — demonstrably untrue, but that doesn't mean scholars and journalists will suddenly start verifying what their sources claim — that Chinook Jargon was spoken all the way eastward to the Rockies.
On page 116, Delano comments:
We were now in Oregon–the ridge of the Rocky Mountains being its eastern boundary–and fifteen hundred miles from our homes.
He says this in a tone that suggests to me that "everybody knows" the Oregon Country starts at the Rockies. Which was the geopolitical fact in 1849. I'm led to imagine that that same nugget of trivia persisted in the popular mind well after it ceased to be the case.
And for settlers and back-Easters alike, Chinuk Wawa certainly became a shibboleth, a cliché, of Oregon-ness before the Oregon Trail emigration was a generation old.
So maybe this was part of the reason why "Rocky Mts." + "Oregon" + "Chinook" got to be so unquestionably bound up together.
I hasten to add that there's one other potent reinforcement of that viral mental equation:
The Chinuk Wawa literature itself.
Look at some of the earliest book titles to bring the Jargon to America's awareness!
"Adventures on the Columbia River, Including the Narrative of a Residence of Six Years on the Western Side of the Rocky Mountains" a.k.a. "The Columbia River; or, Scenes and Adventures during a Residence of Six Years on the Western Side of the Rocky Mountains", by Ross Cox, 1831 and 1832.
"Journal of an Exploring Tour beyond the Rocky Mountains" by Samuel Parker, 1838.
"Journal of Travels over the Rocky Mountains" by Joel Palmer, 1847.
"Ten Years in Oregon: Travels and Adventures…West of the Rocky Mountains", by Miss A.J. Allen, 1848.
Some of these were veritable bestsellers, going through many reprinted editions.
My conclusion is that it's no great wonder people have equated Chinuk Wawa with the vague, broad western frontier.
But to paraphrase the Irish Rovers' song, "There's cats and rats and elephants, but sure as you're born, past Idaho & Oregon you'll find no Jargon" 🙂
← Chinuk Wawa alím 'to rest' is Salish
Franz Boas learns Chinook shorthand in an evening & writes a want ad in it! →
One thought on "A. Delano & why Chinuk Wawa was thought to extend to the Rocky Mts."
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Any other advantages to single detachment Ynnari?
I don't think that reasoning holds water, personally. What would make the USF formation different from the dozen other formations that ARE allowed?
I think it's a fluff reason: the Ulthwe Strike Force represents Eldar loyal to Craftworld Ulthwe, who have little to no interest in serving Ynnead.
I checked on this, and I do see what you're saying amorrowlyday. It does refer to the USF as a detachment instead of a formation, so that might be it. In that case, that's silly, and it should be a formation instead, haha.
Subject: Re: Any other advantages to single detachment Ynnari?


If you have heard my name before, I think you already would know my purpose. I exist to empower, educate and elevate individuals so they may have access to a better quality of life. I believe that success is within grasp of every individual, they just need to realize this concept. Knowledge is my passion and when I share my passion with people – nothing can come close to that!
16 years I have been in the field of training and development. Being a Corporate/selfhelp trainer, professional speaker and writer while serving the education field, I have conducted a variety of training classes for beginners and students of advanced levels. On top of that, I have created 100s of video lectures on the social issues and personality development, wrote 3 books and hosted a successful radio program which consisted of interviews with people who are considered role models for the youth. I have trained thousands corporate personnel and have been featured on numerous talk shows as well! All in the name of sharing my passion.


This tour takes you to an ancient place of fame, Olympia. Discover both the site with the excavations as well as the archaeological museum.
This tour takes you to Olympia for a deep exploration of the archaeological site, birth place of the Olympic Games.
Explore katakolon.gr the website of Katakolon Greece, port gate to Ancient Olympia and discover, what to do in Katakolon, Katakolon Tours , Katakolon Car, Katakolon bus, Katakolon minibus services. You can also book a Katakolon Taxi, a Katakolon Hotel, buy private shore excursions from port or just inform on Katakolon and the surrounding area.


text:
Solidarity Programmes
Continental and Regional
Olympic Scholarship
Team Support Grant
Tec. Courses for Coaches
Scholarship for Coaches
Olympic Day Run 2013
Monday, 17 June 2013 14:23 | | | Hits: 454
This year's Olympic Day will be celebrated on June 29 at 12:00 p.m. with our usual run/walk and your full support is necessary in order to make the day a special one.
Olympic Day is the ideal platform to encourage people to become more active while highlighting the benefits of physical activity in general, particularly for young people. It's an opportunity to learn about the Olympic values of excellence, friendship and respect as well as to discover new sports. With a strong appeal to young people, Olympic Day is also good opportunity to spread the word about the Youth Olympic Games.
Once registered before June 21st, participants are guaranteed an Olympic Day t-shirt. There will be a cash prize awarded to the group with the most participants to arrive on the day. There will also be a prize of school supplies awarded to the first school group with over 50 participants. A prize will also be awarded to the oldest participant.
Come out and relax in a sporting atmosphere, partake in a game of Mini Tennis or Football or assemble your team for the Tug-O-War competition to win fantastic prizes.
Refreshments will be sale as our Sporting Affiliates will endeavour to raise much needed funds for their athletes.
We look forward to your full cooperation and support in spreading the Olympic message worldwide to promote and implement the theme of "Move, Learn and Discover".
We encourage all participants to register early. Call the Grenada Olympic Committee for more information on 435- 3015
The route:
Morne Rouge- Grand Anse Valley, Woodlands, Springs, Belmont, Grand Anse, Morne Rouge


text:
Ophthalmology (New England Eye Center)
See the difference.
Demand the Best for Your Eye Care
Ophthalmology (New England Eye Center) at Tufts Medical Center of Boston specializes in the testing and treatment of all types of eye diseases and visual problems. New England Eye Center staff ophthalmologists have earned national and international reputations as clinicians, educators and researchers. Their experience spans everything from routine eye care to complex and serious eye cases.
Bringing the Latest in Eye Advances to You
Outside of clinical care, New England Eye Center is committed to leadership in programs of medical education, eye research and ophthalmic technology development.
We're affiliated with Tufts University School of Medicine, where our staff ophthalmologists all hold teaching appointments. New England Eye Center also recognizes the importance of eye and vision research and the need for programs that translate findings from the laboratory to the clinical arena. In recent years, we've built a substantial research program that includes the Vision Research Laboratories, the Tufts Center for Vision Research and extensive clinical trials. Our world-renowned scientists collaborate extensively with our clinicians in research efforts.
What does our involvement in education and research mean to patients? Our physicians and technical staff always keep up with the latest advances in ophthalmology — and can apply the most innovative treatments and techniques in caring for your eyes.
Offices + Optical Shop Location
Our offices for adult ophthalmology care are on three floors in the Biewend Building near the entrance to the Boch (formerly Wang) Performing Arts Center on Tremont Street. Most pediatric ophthalmology services are provided in the Tufts Medical Center which is connected to the Biewend Building and the main hospital. We also have a full-service optical shop located within our office which offers a large selection of frames, including children's frames. Please call 617-338-9595 for more information about the optical shop and for more information about our services, locations and optical shop, visit our Clinical + Care Services section.
Vision changes with age
Learn more about cataracts
Learn about symptoms and prevention
2021 "Top Doctors" at Tufts Medical Center
See our Top Doctors
Tufts MC performs a bionic eye implant
Watch Christine's story
Correct your vision – while you sleep?
Learn about Ortho K
Clinical + Care Services
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Visit neec.com
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Amazon enter the smartphone battle with the Fire Phone.
Last month we reported on some leaked images of the upcoming Amazon smartphone and now it is official after Amazon made a press release of their Fire Phone at a packed event in Seattle, Washington on Wednesday. Amazon have stepped out of tradition here and brought in some features never seen before in smartphones, but first lets look at the standard specs.
As expected, the phone runs on Amazon's own Fire operating system which is a highly customised version of Google Android. It Measuring 139.2mm x 66.5mm x 8.9mm and weighing 160g it comes with a 4.7 inch screen and has a resolution sitting at 1280 x 720 with 315ppi. This screen along with the rear of the phone is laminated with Gorilla Glass 3 with other materials including aluminium buttons and stainless steel details and a rubberised polyurethane grip for ease of holding and also adds a chic profile to the device.
It is powered by a quad-core 2.2GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon processor and includes 2 gb of RAM, a 13-megapixel rear facing camera and dual stereo speakers. Amazon have even offered unlimited cloud storage for photos taken from the handset. Both the front and rear cameras shoot 1080p video at 30fps, with the rear camera boasting 'multi-frame HDR', optical image stabilisation and an LED flash.
Something we haven't truly seen before is the phone's 3-D effects which they have called Dynamic Perspective. Four low power cameras placed in the frame at the front can detect the user's head and motion which alters the view on the screen to produce 3-D effects. During the demonstration, they showed a 3-D render of the Empire State Building on the maps app which looks as though it is popping out of the screen and moves in sync with the the users head movement so that you can peek at all sides.
Amazon also unveiled something called Firefly. By pressing and holding a dedicated button, the Fire Phone can recognize printed phone numbers, email and web addresses, business cards and much more. This allows the user to save contacts or start emails without typing or going through menus. It can also recognises songs and movies and TV episodes and bring them straight up in the Amazon store, allowing users to see more information or order straight away.
Amazon have put a lot of focus on making the interaction not only button free but also, touch button free. The device has features that make use of the 3-D and tilt technology including auto-scrolling, tilting and navigating menus - all possible without needing to touch the screen.
It will also feature Amazon's Mayday service, which gives the user a direct line of contact to an Amazon rep over video conference who can assist with any issues you amy face using the phone or any of Amazon's services - this is completely free.


Five years ago, my students and I began Project H.E.L.L.O. (Helping Everyone Locate Loved Ones). Each year at Christmas and Mothers' Day we head to the streets of the Downtown Eastside and invite the homeless to reach out and re-connect with friends or family who they may have lost touch with by sending one of our handmade greeting cards. We then return to the schools and use the internet and phones to search for families. To date, we have successfully connected over 300 homeless people with loved ones through cards, phone calls and a special face to face reunion.
The experience has been life changing, as we have gained so much more than we have given. We have experienced many moments we will never forget, when the rough edges of the Eastside dissipate for a minute, and individuals search their soul to find just the right words to say to their long lost family. We have listened to heartbreaking stories of addiction, abuse, family breakdown and mental health, yet we have also left feeling inspired by the resilience, hope and love that still exists. We have cried with parents and children overwhelmed to hear from their loved one for the first time in years. And other times, we have mailed cards, never truly knowing the impact. What we do know, is that each person on the DTES has a story. A story that explains their life and makes them truly unique. A story that I believe is worth hearing. For when we understand, we judge less.
Today was day one of 'Beyond HELLO'. The idea was simple. I would head to the DTES on a hot day and hand out water. I would then invite one person to go for lunch at Save On Meats Diner, and over lunch, I would ask them some deeper questions to understand their life story. With their permission, I would share their story and explain that our goal is to help the public understand the people of the DTES and treat them with the compassion and respect they deserve. I invited David Jennings to join me. David is a student at the University of Alberta, and one of the students who began Project HELLO with me five years ago. With two cases of water, an iPad with some thoughtful questions and some good intention we headed to the streets of the Downtown Eastside.
David and I are both familiar with the streets of the DTES as we have visited the neighbourhood dozens of times with Project HELLO, so it caught us both off guard as we approached with trepidation, not knowing what to expect. How would we invite someone to lunch? How would we decide whom to choose? What would we say? We decided to load two bags full of water and walk the streets. We decided that when the moment felt right for either of us, we would ask. After two blocks, and brief encounters, we approached a lady who appeared in need. She stood alone on the street, with ragged clothing, and unkempt hair. When we offered her a bottle of water, she accepted but said what she really needed was money for a meal as she was starving. We replied by saying we were just headed out for lunch and we would love for her to join us at Save on Meats if she was interested. She thought for a second and then accepted our invitation. Seeming somewhat ashamed to be with us, or to accept our offer, she walked ahead of us at a rapid pace. I asked her her name, and she replied with one word – Cindy. We introduced ourselves and for the next few minutes we walked behind her, offering water to others as we made our way to the restaurant. Both David and I had the same feeling. We had selected the wrong person. She appeared somewhat erratic on the streets, crossing through intersections diagonally and attempting to ignore or avoid any small talk with us. The thought crossed my mind to offer her money to eat and find someone else to join us.
Cindy admits to us that she is an addict. She calls herself a junkie and knows her addiction has the best of her. She is also HIV positive and now has full blown AIDS. Her extremities are swollen and inflamed, and her right leg is incredibly infected. Her body is in septic shock. She knows she is nearing death and that she should be in the hospital. She knows it is time for her leg to be amputated, but she is scared. Hospitalized recently, she tells us how she yanked her tubes out and escaped back to the Downtown Eastside so she could feed her addiction.
With fear and tears in her eyes, she explains that she has cheated a friend to get her last hit of heroin. She owes the dealer twenty dollars, and if she does not pay, she knows that either she or her friend will be physically beaten. Looking in her eyes, I know the fear is real. She fixates on suicide and the need to jump off a bridge. She also shares thoughts of robbing the bank down the street as these two options appear to be her only escape. She has never robbed a bank before, but knows it has been robbed by others so she is willing to try in an attempt to get the 20 and avoid putting her friend at risk. Although I never give money out on the DTES, something tells me this is different, and that Cindy is telling us the truth. I hear myself say to Cindy that things will be ok. We will help take some of the stress off her, let her have a good meal, relax for a while and after lunch I will give her the 20 to pay her debt. Cindy starts to relax, but is still overcome with fear of what may happen to her friend. The waitress approaches and Cindy orders a coke, a strawberry shake, a burger and fries. She then sheepishly asks if she could have the $20 right away, so she can go take care of the debt before lunch as she cannot relax knowing her friend is in jeopardy. I hear myself agree and hand Cindy $20. As David and I sit together in the booth, we quickly reflect, both wondering if she will return. I ask David if he believes her story, and in complete agreement, he says, yes – you can see it in her eyes.
Five minutes later, Cindy returns. A weight has been lifted off her shoulders and she cannot believe we have helped her. With panic gone, we begin to see the real Cindy, and begin a great two hour conversation. Cindy is almost speechless, wondering why we have chosen her to help. David and I explain project HELLO and through conversation we realize that we have found family members of two of her friends. We use David's phone to show Cindy pictures of her friends Rosemary and Sandra, and tell her about the connections we have helped them make. She is in disbelief and again thanks us sincerely. She again explains that today was the day. She had chosen today to die, and was standing on the street contemplating suicide. Right before we approached her, her thoughts were shouting out that no one in this entire world cared about her. Looking in our eyes with a calmness and softness that had not existed on the streets, she tells us that she feels a higher power is at work today as we are exactly what she needed. Through tears of appreciation she tells us that we seem so real and so grounded and she can not believe we have picked her to join us for lunch. We thank her for her words, and explain to her that this is our first day of 'Beyond HELLO' and she is the first person who seemed like they could use some company and a good meal.
As our food arrives, Cindy excuses herself to wash her hands. Feeling like the presentation is not appropriate for a suicidal woman, I remove the knife that is projecting from Cindy's burger. She returns with wet hands and embraces her burger and milkshake with childlike wonder. Although she has lived across the street for twenty years, this is the first time she has been in the restaurant, and the first time in years that she has ordered from a menu. Despite her appearance the wait staff treat her with respect and it seems like Cindy is no different than anyone else in the restaurant.
Through lunch I explain to Cindy how her story can inspire others. I acknowledge the heart and spirit that we can see and the life she has within her. Together we agree that today is not her day to die. I too don't know why she stood out to us on the streets, but we all recognize that a reason exists for us to come together. I invite her to tell us her story and ask permission to share it so others can understand the people of the DTES and the circumstances of their lives. She looks at us with pride and disbelief, moved by the glimmer of hope that her story could make a difference to others. She is honoured and willing to share….
Cindy moved to the DTES at the age of 16. She was born to a middle class family in Oshawa, Ontario. Her mom has a hard working woman who was very health conscious. Cindy stops and says to me that I remind her of her mom. I laugh and tell her that I'm in the middle of eating French fries so I can't be a health nut. She laughs too and tells me her mom likes French fries too but would only allow herself to have one. As I continue to eat my fries she continues. She does not give us details but alleges to an abusive step father as one of the reasons for the move. Before moving to BC she gave birth to her daughter who she gave up for adoption as she did not have any means to provide for her. Cindy mentions that she has always wanted to find her daughter but she wants to clean herself up first. She has thought of reaching out to an agency to help but wants to be drug free to make her daughter proud. Unfortunately she has been in and out of rehabilitation programs, and although she has gotten herself clean twice over the past decade, the lure of the drugs in the neighbourhood always draws her back. In the early days she worked the streets of Vancouver, caught in a vicious cycle of prostitution and addiction. She speaks of an organization from twenty years ago called the Teen Challenge that really reached out and connected with her. She says that we remind her of the people who helped her then as she feels so comfortable opening up with us.
Cindy tells us about her living conditions in her government funded building. Despite her need for cleanliness, she cannot help but feel the walls are closing in as bugs swarm her tiny apartment entering through the ventilation system. The smell of chemical fumes is overwhelming. The hallways have blood stains and splatters on the walls and door handles. Broken needles are prevalent and her foot is extremely infected from the tip of a needle that is lodged within her foot. Her leg is red and purple, three times the size it should be and covered in a rash up to her knee. She walks with a limp because of the pain. She tells us about another tenant who has beaten her regularly. She also speaks of an ex boyfriend who lived with her for a while. Four years ago they too had a child together, another girl, but the baby was taken into ministry care. When she speaks of her children you can see the shame she feels yet the eternal love of a mother who never stops worrying about her kids is also evident. She knows she does not have long to live but wishes she could let them know how much she loves them. David and I take down the correct spelling and details around each of her three children and promise to share her story and send love if we can find them.
As we finish lunch, Cindy is again in tears. Her vocabulary and world knowledge is impressive as she explains that her actions as an addict do not align with her moral fibre. She knows she has hurt people to feed her addiction and she is so ashamed as she knows that underneath she is a good strong person. She also knows that she does not have long to live. She knows her doctor wants her to be at St. Pauls Hospital in the AIDS ward. She knows she will die there. When she talks about her recent run from the hospital she explains she was not mentally ready. She knows her time is almost up but she wants to be at peace with herself and heal some wounds with others. She talks abut whether or not this is a selfish pursuit. She explains that she often thinks of people in Auschwitz who died in Concentration Camps. If they were not given time to mentally prepare for death, why should she be afforded such a luxury? She wrestles with this though but wants to find peace before she dies.
As the waitress brings us the bill, Cindy seems at peace. She asks to use the washroom and returns completely cleaned up. Her hair is wet from quick wash and is now tied in a pony tail off her face. She has cleaned her face and hands and mentions she has even washed her feet in the sink. With a new lightness of spirit, she tells us she no longer feels alone, and she believes she is ready to go to the hospital. I ask if she would like an ambulance or if she would like a ride to St. Paul's. Cindy then pauses, and asks if she can ask us for one final request. We invite her to share.
"Yes. I think that's a wonderful idea. I think you are ready to do that".
As I pay the bill, Cindy excuses herself for a smoke break outside. We join her minutes later and point to my car two blocks away along Hastings, an all too familiar street for Cindy.
We approach my car and let Cindy know she can have the front seat. She mentions her stomach is doing flips. Perhaps it's the nerves, perhaps it's the milkshake, coke, fries and burger that are hard on her system that usually gets by with so much less. We stand outside my car and the sights, smells and passerby's of Hastings surround us. Drawn by her addiction, Cindy looks at me with one hand on the car door and asks if she can please have $20 for one more hit or some T3's to stop the pain. I say no. Cindy then asks for $10. Then $7 and then $5. She needs her drugs before she leaves so she can self administer them while at the hospital. I look her in the eyes telling her I will not give her money to feed the addiction. The hospital staff have the medication she needs. Caught in turmoil, she is paralyzed. I tell her I can take her to the ocean, I can take her to the hospital but I will not give her money. Our eyes meet and we both feel the pain, knowing that the Cindy we got to know has surrendered to the addiction once again. Her need for just one more hit is stronger than her willpower to escape. I hear myself say "Cindy, I think it's time we should go." And I know by looking at her that she feels the shame of another broken relationship. David and I get in the car. We sit and wait for a minute in case she can find the strength. Knowing she is not ready, I drive away slowly, with the image in my rearview mirror of Cindy hunched over the parking meter, forever burned in my mind.
Tonight, after returning home, I have located Cindy's mom and her daughter who she gave up for adoption. Through Facebook we have located pictures of her mom, son and daughter. Her daughter is a spitting image of Cindy yet they have never met. I have sent messages to the mother and daughter, explaining 'Beyond HELLO' asking them to contact me about Cindy. At the very least, I can provide Cindy with pictures of her family. Perhaps her wish will come true and she can connect with family before she dies. Late this evening, I feel a small miracle occurred. After noticing that her daughter has not been active on Facebook for over six months, I decided to click on her 'Friends' tab with the intention of picking a random stranger to help me connect. I then noticed the (1 mutual friend) notation under one of her friend's photos. By a strange coincidence, her daughter is friends with a man in Ontario who is friends with one of my ex-students. This same student actually approached me last year about spreading the word of Project HELLO in Ontario. We have now connected and he too hopes that the mutual friend can reach Cindy's daughter for us. I do not know what will come of today's lunch, but I am grateful to Cindy for having the courage to share her story and her willingness to share with the world. There is good reason to go Beyond HELLO.
This entry was posted in Addiction, Community, homelessness, Reflection, Schools. Bookmark the permalink.
An impact full story Kristi.
Thanks Melanie – as are you!
thank you very much for sharing cindy's story. Addiction is a powerful thing that has taken too many lives and what you are doing is remarkable. This will be a very powerful eye opener to others!
Keep up the good work Kristi! I was hoping to chat with you about this project. Would you be able to email your contact information at rajprit.mander@vpd.ca. Hope all is well.
I am so proud to know you and David, Kristi! Amazing story! Thanks for telling it.
Thanks Kristi. Cindy is inspiring as too is your commitment to make this world a better place. i just read this to my family and we were all deeply moved. Our next step is to be moved to action. Thank you for role modelling that for all of us.
Wow – thank you. I love to hear that.
What an amazing story. LOVE IT! As a granddaughter of a long time DTES resident I know that what you do makes a difference. My grandfather passed in 1977 – I was fortunate to have known him, if only a little bit, BUT I know that the contact we made was valued, when he passed one of the few possessions he held onto were photos of my sister and I ( the only 2 of his 9 grandchildren he ever met). Keep doing what you are doing… it matters, not only to those on the DTES but those who sit in the comfort of their homes every night and wonder….
Wow – thank you for sharing. Tonight I will return to the DTES to give Cindy pictures of her mom and two of her children. Her daughter contacted me today and we hope to connect them via phone tonight. Thanks for sharing your experience and giving us hope that what we do matters.
Kristi you never cease to amaze me with this project that you have taken up. To think this is one story of the hundreds out there and the fact that you have taken the time away from your family and really sat and listened to someone, giving them time to open up and reflect on their lives..you are truly a gem, an inspiration and role model to us all……….
Thanks Emma – my kids are in school for July so I had time to do this. I spent the day with Cindy today and have connected with her daughter – I'm just starting to write an update of a million little miracles. I will post soon with some pictures 🙂 Thanks for your support.
Wow! I had tears welling up as I read this…….you are one amazing lady. The Best Buddies will raise money for you next school year so you can keep on going!
This story is so emotional that I had to ask @kblakeway permission to reblog this. There are three parts. This is the first one.
Beyond HELLO (Helping Everyone Locate Loved Ones).


Succession in any business involves change and change cannot occur unless decisions are consciously taken to make things different. The fact that only about 5% of Australian farmers decide to undertake the succession planning process is indicative of the perception of difficulty surrounding the process. It also illustrates what a courageous decision it is for those who actually decide to embark on the succession journey. It is courageous because such a decision has far reaching ramifications not only for those who make the decision, but their families and businesses as well.
One of the precursors for making good decisions is to have the clarity to know what it is we want personally, as a family and as a business. Giving ourselves the time out from our day to day activities is vital, so that we have the space to reflect on what is most important in terms of our life goals and aspirations. How can we plan effectively for our futures if we don't know what it is we want and need?
Once we are clear about our goals and aspirations, we know what the business has to deliver in order to meet those goals and aspirations. This is the purpose of our business. If we have a clear purpose, we also have a management tool to drive the decision making process in the business. For instance, if we know that we need to buy a house for Mum and Dad's retirement in the short term, we also know that is what the business has to focus on. If there is a choice between the retirement house and buying out the neighbour, then it is easy to make the right decision for the family.
Of course business viability needs to be considered whenever decisions are made. So it is vital that there is accurate and up to date financial information available at all times to facilitate these decisions. What if the business is unable to meet the goals of the business owners and therefore fulfil its purpose? Then decisions need to be made to adjust either expectations and/or the business strategy.
It is important to remember that decision making is about taking control of our destinies. There are aspects of agriculture such as weather and markets that are out of our control, but the succession of our businesses is within our control, especially if the process is started early. What better reward for our life's work than to make a conscious decision to give the next generation the opportunity to be part of agriculture if that is what they desire?
The succession planning process can be complex and challenging, but it will be successful for those who can step outside their comfort zones, make the courageous decisions necessary for their families and businesses, and implement them. The highly publicised "war stories" tend to come out of situations where the decision is to do nothing, and as we all know, if nothing changes, nothing changes.


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" Our 19 year old Jack Russell cross has been a patient at Valley Vets in Ystrad Mynach all her long doggy life. In February 2016 Holly became very ill and we thought that we would be saying "goodbye". However, our lovely vet Lauren worked hard to get Holly well enough to live an active lifestyle considering her old age. Holly had 5 more good months but unfortunately her old age caught up with her again and she took a downhill turn on Wednesday the 29th of June and despite an overnight admission the following day, sadly Holly had to be put asleep on the evening of July the 1st. Our vet Lauren stayed with us during this really difficult time and talked us and our 11 year old daughter through the whole process. Lauren and the staff team have been so understanding and caring and have gone over and above in the past few months in particular and as a family we would like to say A GREAT MASSIVE THANK YOU. We totally recommend Valley Vets and will never forget your amazing support and care not only for us but for our Holly who we miss so much. "
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Q: Converting Date to CurrentCompany timeZone in Dynamics ax x++ I have a scenario where i need to convert a Datefield(joindate) to currentcompany timezone date. And then i need to compare this with anotherdate(startdate). If the difference is more than 365 days i need to give an warning. Can someone help me in this.
Thanks in advance.

A: You can apply a timezone to an utcdatetime via DateTimeUtil::applyTimeZoneOffset
The company timezone can be retrieved by calling DateTimeUtil::getCompanyTimeZone
Afterwards calculate the difference by calling DateTimeUtil::getDifference, which returns the difference in seconds so you have to compare that with the seconds per year.
To avoid inserting a 'magic' number, use the constants in the macro library TimeConstants.

A: If Datefield(joindate) is of type date and not utcDateTime then DateTimeUtil::newDateTime() should be used to convert it to utcDateTime:

utcDateTime joinDateTime = DateTimeUtil::newDateTime(joindate, 0,
  DateTimeUtil::getCompanyTimeZone());

DateTimeUtil::getDifference() can be used to get the number of seconds between the utcDateTime values.
If both Datefield(joindate) and anotherdate(startdate) are of type date and not utcDateType then no conversion is required at all, and you can check whether the difference is more than 365 as follows:

if (joindate - startdate > 365) {}

If the above assumptions are wrong, see DAXaholic's answer.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Category:Nicholas Tooley
Revision as of 11:44, 19 April 2022 by Rlknutson (talk | contribs)
The only surviving document about Nicholas Tooley that conveys his "voice" is his will, which is dated 3 June 1623. It does not mention a wife or children. It does mention his theatrical family: the Cuthbert Burbages, the Richard Burbages, the Henry Condells, and other players (Richard Robinson, Joseph Taylor, John Underwood, William Ecclestone). Another notable feature of the will is its pattern of generosity. Tooley names the Cobb family (widow and sons) whose minor debts he forgives; in a more expansive passage, he sets up a kind of trust fund of £80 for "the perpetuall releife of the poore" of St. Leonard Shoreditch so that "on euerie Sunday after morninge prayer for euer there may out of the encrease ... be distributed amongst the poorer sort of people of the same parrishe Thirtie and Two penny Wheaten loaves for their releife" (Honigmann and Brock, p. 126). And, if St. Leonard's somehow squanders this legacy, Tooley asks that the gift be transferred to St. Giles without Cripplegate. The will also provides an alias for Tooley, "Wilkinson."
Other than his belonging to the company that played The Second Part of the Seven Deadly Sins, Tooley is associated with the Chamberlain's/King's most specifically from 1605 forward. Munro specifies several of his parts in the King's men's repertory (pp. 57, 196-7).
Lady ("Envy"), Pompeia ("Sloth") in The Second Part of the Seven Deadly Sins
Ananias in The Alchemist
Forobosco and a madman in The Duchess of Malfi
Honigmann, E. A. J. and Susan Brock. Playhouse Wills 1558-1642. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993.
Kathman, David. "Reconsidering The Seven Deadly Sins, Early Theatre 7.1 (2004). 13-44.
Munro, Lucy. Shakespeare in the Theatre: The King's Men. The Arden Shakespeare. Bloomsbury: London, 2020.
Nungezer, Edwin. A Dictionary of Actors. New York: Greenwood Press, 1968 (orig. Yale University Press, 1929).
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Chamberlain's (1 C, 8 P)
Pages in category "Nicholas Tooley"
Second Part of the Seven Deadly Sins, The


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The 29 fakes behind a rewriting of history
· National Archives 'Amateurish' false records planted over five years
· Patrols and spy cameras at public reading rooms
A letter to Adolf Hitler from the Duke of Windsor, supposedly written in 1939, turned out to be a fake. Photograph: PA
@PaulLewis
Sun 4 May 2008 19.20 EDT
They were the secret intelligence files that turned second world war history on its head with "revelations" of British collaboration with the Nazis.
British agents used the royal family to deceive the Nazis into expecting a pro-German putsch. The Duke of Windsor leaked secrets to help Hitler. And, most sensationally of all, SS chief Heinrich Himmler was murdered by secret agents on Winston Churchill's orders.
The elaborate claims, contained in three separate books by the historian Martin Allen and based on previously unseen documents, read like the stuff of spy fiction. As it turned out, they were.
Details of an investigation by the National Archives into how forged documents came to be planted in their files have uncovered the full extent of deception. Officials discovered 29 faked documents, planted in 12 separate files at some point between 2000 and 2005, which were used to underpin Allen's allegations.
Police interviewed Allen, who is believed to be the only person to check out all the files that contained the forged documents. After a 13-month police investigation, the Crown Prosecution Service decided that it was not in the public interest to prosecute, in part because of Allen's deteriorating health. Allen has repeatedly refused to comment but has previously denied involvement in the forgeries.
Documents from the investigation, including internal correspondence, witness statements to police and forensic science evidence, were posted on the National Archives website over the weekend.
Officials believe this is the most serious case of fraud of its kind anywhere in the world. They have overhauled security at the archives, the official record of 900 years of British government from the Domesday Book on, based in Kew, south-west London.
Public reading rooms are now subject to regular patrols and three months ago security cameras were installed to keep an eye on readers. "This is a one-off case, both nationally and internationally," said a spokesperson. "The papers we've released show how seriously we took the situation."
The investigation found an almost amateurish level of forgery: telegrams and memos contained factual inaccuracies; letterheads had been added using a laser printer; forged signatures were pencilled beneath the ink; and the text of the 29 documents - occasionally in conspicuously modern language - was typed on just four typewriters. All the documents were used to support Allen's claims.
In his 2002 book, Hidden Agenda, he suggested the Duke of Windsor helped the Germans to conquer France by slipping secrets to the Nazis via a German spy who acted as intermediary. The claim relied on five bogus documents, including a letter purported to be from the Duke to Adolf Hitler in 1939.
The next year more bogus documents were used to support Allen's claims, in The Hitler/Hess Deception, about the motives behind the escape of Rudolf Hess, Hitler's deputy, to Scotland in 1941.
His final book, two years later, Himmler's Secret War, claimed that Himmler did not, as was widely believed, commit suicide after his capture, but was murdered by intelligence agents on the orders of Churchill. Included in Allen's evidence was one forged letter purporting to be written by John Wheeler-Bennett, a Foreign Office official, in which he says he has been "giving some serious thought to the little H [Himmler] situation".
To avoid Himmler giving evidence, or supplying information to American intelligence, Wheeler-Bennett supposedly concluded: "Steps will therefore have to be taken to eliminate him as soon as he falls into our hands."
In 2005, when the National Archives investigation found 17 documents were fakes, officials called in police .
A witness statement from one archivist, Louise Atheron, finds that even where Allen uses citations from National Archives documents that were genuine, he was guilty of "significant exaggerations" and "very fluid evidence" to stand up dubious claims.
"The National Archives views anything that compromises the integrity of historical information very seriously," said David Thomas, the archives' chief information officer.


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Banks vow to offer lifeline to customers hit hard by virus
Emergency measures include payment holidays for some customers and small businesses
Lynley Donnelly
Picture: 123RF/FUZZBONES
SA's big banks are stepping up to help customers cope financially as measures to control the spread of the coronavirus in SA take their toll, hitting small businesses in particular.
Announcements from Standard Bank, Nedbank and FNB come as the SA Reserve Bank has been working with the sector to help shore up SA's financial system against the economic onslaught of the virus.
Among the new measures the Reserve Bank is believed to be considering are steps that would support banks providing payment holidays for some categories of customers, which would allow banks to restructure loans, without requiring they classify these loans as "distressed".
Banks would thus not have to increase the amount of capital they hold, which is usually a requirement for loan restructuring.
On Sunday, Standard Bank announced relief for small business owners and students. This has been followed by undertakings from both Nedbank and FNB, who said on Monday they would support customers through the economic hardships caused by the virus.
The latest coronavirus coverage
"We are living in an extraordinary time in world history," Standard Bank's CEO of personal and business, Funeka Montjane, told Business Day.
"We can see what is going on in our clients' accounts and we can see that there are certain pockets of our customers that are starting to take strain just because of social isolation," she said.
The bank has introduced the coronavirus business interruption payment scheme. The scheme grants its small business clients in good standing, with turnover of less than R20m per year, a three-month payment holiday.
Full-time students with a loan from the bank will get a payment holiday from April 1 until the end of June at 0% interest and with zero fees.
Given developments around the world, including a recession in both China and the US, SA is likely to follow, she said.
"We thought: 'Let's be proactive instead of allowing our good customers to destroy their credit records'," said Montjane.
The bank has experience providing similar support before, Montjane said. In 2010, in the aftermath of the financial crisis, it restructured between R30bn to R40bn of its home loan book.
"We didn't do mass-scale repossession of properties, we did restructures [on loans] and we wish we had done it earlier, because by the time we did it in 2010 people had been in trouble for two years already," she said.
On Monday, Nedbank said it would support clients in good standing with "suitable individual solutions to cash-flow challenges they may experience as a result of Covid-19".
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The support could include deferring payments on loan agreements with the bank, extending existing loan periods or extending additional credit to manage short-term cash flow shortfalls.
FNB said it was working with the Banking Association SA in engaging the Reserve Bank and the government on solutions to support both consumers and businesses, and would "make further announcements on the nature of this support in the days ahead".
The bank remained "open for business to assist small and medium-sized enterprises that qualify for credit to stabilise their cash flow and consumers who may want to cover unexpected expenses". – with Carol Paton
SA must wash its hands of another 10 wasted years
Covid-19's economic effects will be worse than ...
Need a new smartphone? Covid-19 has other ideas, ...
Coronavirus won't put the squeeze on SA's citrus ...
By Claire Bisseker


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