Diamond is the most precious and loved gemstone. Battles have been fought over diamonds and brothers have killed each other over this colorless piece of carbon. Diamonds, as we know, are so valuable because they are so rare. The gemstone is found only in a handful of countries worldwide. But now, it is possible to manufacture diamonds using technology. Simulated and lab-created diamonds can be produced in chemical labs and they are unambiguously similar to natural diamonds. But simulated and lab created diamonds are not the same – they have their differences.
What is a simulated diamond?
A simulated diamond is not an actual diamond. When you read about the lab-created diamond, you will find that that is an actual diamond created in a chemical lab. A simulated diamond is something that looks like a diamond but has completely different characteristics. Two of the best examples of simulated diamond are cubic zirconia and rhinestone. Both of these are artificial materials. Cubic zirconia is used as a perfect imitation of diamond because it has the same hardness and dispersion. For a normal person, it is impossible to find out the difference between a natural diamond and cubic zirconia.
What is a lab-created diamond?
A lab-created diamond is known by many names – laboratory-grown diamond, cultivated diamond, cultured diamond and synthetic diamond. This diamond is created in a chemical lab, but as per FTC (Federal Trade Commission), a lab-created diamond should be completely identical to a natural diamond – in terms of optical properties, hardness and chemical composition. A lab-created diamond only differs from a natural diamond in the sense that it is not produced geologically.
How to differentiate between real diamond and simulated or lab-created diamond?
The difference between a simulated diamond and a natural diamond is so small that it's virtually impossible for someone to see it. If someone pays a visit to a jewelry store to buy a natural diamond ring and is given a cubic zirconia ring instead, they will not be able to make out any difference. However, expert gemologists can make out the differences. There are various tests that can be run to find out the differences – finding out the thermal and electrical conductivity of the stones, scratching a piece of glass with the stone and breathing on it and so on. For a layperson, the surface of the stone is an indicator. Even the most perfect diamond has flaws on the surface while the surface of cubic zirconia is flawless.
It is far more difficult to differentiate between a natural diamond and a lab-created diamond. This is simply because both are diamonds and have the same chemical and physical properties. However, a lab-created diamond is less expensive than a natural diamond – you can expect the former to be at least 20% to 30% cheaper.
A simulated diamond is almost always used in jewelry making. Those that cannot afford diamond jewelry are known to invest in faux-diamond jewelry where the gemstone could be rhinestone or cubic zirconia. One of the natural simulated diamonds is zirconia.
Lab-created diamonds are also used in jewelry making but they find many other uses. They are used as polishing and cutting tools. Lab-created diamonds are also used in high-frequency transistors, power station high-power switches and LEDs. The most popular use of lab-created diamonds is in optical windows. Almost 98% of all the diamonds used in industrial applications are lab-created diamonds.
Diamonds are among the most expensive gemstones and so, it is recommended that the buyer is absolutely sure of their purchase. The only way to ensure this is to buy from the most reputed diamond jewelers. While it is still possible to find the difference between simulated and natural diamonds, it is virtually impossible to differentiate between lab-created and natural diamonds.
Simulated diamonds may be natural or artificial but lab-created diamonds are exclusively manufactured in labs.
Simulated diamonds look like natural diamonds but their physical and chemical compositions are different. Lab-created diamonds have the same physical and chemical compositions of natural diamonds.
It is far more difficult to find the differences between lab-created and natural diamonds than it is between simulated and natural diamonds.
Simulated diamonds find more use in jewelry making while lab-created diamonds are more used in industrial applications.
moumita. "Difference between Simulated Diamond and Lab-Created Diamond." DifferenceBetween.net. May 13, 2014 < http://www.differencebetween.net/business/difference-between-simulated-diamond-and-lab-created-diamond-2/ >.


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Princess Ana () (1723-1780) was a Georgian royal princess of the Bagrationi dynasty from the Kakhetian branch.

She was a daughter of King Ali Mirza of Kakheti.

Ana married in Moscow, c. 1743, Prince Pyotr Igorovich Dadianov (15 June 1716 – 7 December 1784), captain of the Imperial Russian army, who was from the Georgian noble family of Dadiani.

They had 4 children:
Alexandre Petrovitch Dadianov (1753-1811)
Ekaterina Petrovna Dadianova (1743-1769)
Olga Petrovna Dadianova (1750-1820)
Elisaveta Petrovna Dadianova (1750-1814)

Ana died on 19 March 1780 in Moscow.

References

1723 births
1780 deaths
Bagrationi dynasty of the Kingdom of Kakheti
Princesses from Georgia (country)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This illustration shows British rangers and Banditti harassing an American homestead. During the Revolution, these two groups raided farms and fortifications in Georgia and North Florida. The most common plunder was cattle and other livestock. Also take a look at the picture below: It depicts a re-enactor portraying a British soldier at St. Augustine.
AN ENGAGEMENT NEAR COWFORD — Only one Revolutionary War battle occurred in Florida, and it took place in what became Duval County (Jacksonville). What was this encounter called? And who won it?
If you drive north on Highway 17 toward Yulee, you'll pass pretty close to the battlefield. The Battle of Thomas Creek was fought in the vicinity of the Nassau River bridge. It proved to be Florida's only real battle during the Revolution, although there were some other raids & skirmishes. Thomas Creek was also the southernmost battle of the Revolutionary War.
A few hundred men participated in the engagement, with the Patriots facing off against the Loyalists, British soldiers, and Creek Indians. Thankfully, America's independence didn't depend on Thomas Creek, for the Patriots suffered a serious rout. Out of about 100 individuals, their losses totaled eight dead, nine wounded, and 39 captured.
Here's how the battle come to pass: The British had been raiding into Georgia from Florida, which was under British control. To stop these incursions, the Patriots marched into Florida in 1777. Under the command of Colonel John Baker, a Patriot force of about 100 Georgia militia men (something like the National Guard) was supposed to join a group of 400 Continental soldiers. Baker's troops waited for their reinforcements on the south bank of Thomas Creek, a tributary of the Nassau River, which divides present-day Duval County from Nassau County.
AMBUSH AT DAYBREAK — Before the militia could meet up with the Continentals, however, a group of British Loyalists attacked the Patriots at dawn on May 17. The appearance of regular British troops, marching in three columns, quickly dispersed the out-numbered militia men. Only the use of their horses saved the Patriots from further losses.
Nevertheless, some of the militia men did abandon their horses in order to flee into into nearby swamps. Twenty-four of these Patriots were slain by Indians allied with the British. The Creeks did this in retaliation, for the Patriots had killed an Indian brave earlier on the Trout River.


Junior catcher Jennifer Groat has been abusing pitchers for Plattsburgh State's softball team.
Groat entered Cortland Monday with a 38-game hitting streak. While the Cardinals won the first game of the doubleheader 5-1, Groat couldn't extend the streak any further, leaving the junior with the second-longest hitting streak in NCAA Division III softball, behind Heather Bortz's record of 44.
The Moravian College alumna set the record during the 2003 and 2004 seasos while propelling the Greyhounds to a 40-6 record and the program's first trip to the NCAA Division III World Series.
Groat's disappointment was contrasted by Conroy's pride in her.
Groat is currently batting a .505 average, good for second in the SUNYAC conference, and also leads the conference with an impressive .733 slugging percentage.
The junior catcher also leads the team in runs, hits, doubles, on-base percentage and fewest strikeouts.
"She works hard every day making sure the team is successful," Jackie Decker, senior third baseman said.
Although Groat said she won't be actively pursuing the hitting streak, Wednesday's Potsdam doubleheader marked the beginning of a new streak for the catcher with a hit in each game.


text:
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN vs EGUZKI OBB (Jun 05, 2011)
EGUZKI OBB 8 (10-6), AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 1 (6-10) - Composite Box Score
Jun 05, 2011 at Orio (Pol. Mendibeltz)
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN ab r h rbi 2b 3b hr bb sb cs hp sh sf so ibb kl gdp po a e
HUERTA B ss 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0
OÑATIBIA E dh 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0
CORES L 1b 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0
BUSSO C V 2b 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
BENITO I 3b 3 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 3 0
PAREDES I cf 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
CUESTA A M lf 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
IRIBAR E rf 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ALONSO L c 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
PEREZ O p 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
EGUZKI OBB ab r h rbi 2b 3b hr bb sb cs hp sh sf so ibb kl gdp po a e
ZUBIA O dh 4 2 3 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
ETXEBERRIA E cf 3 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
CALVO A ss 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0
AYUSO E p 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0
LARRAZA A 1b 4 1 3 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0
ETXEBERRIA I rf 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0
FERNANDEZ E 3b 3 1 1 2 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
YUSTA A 2b 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0
MACAZAGA A c 3 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 1 0
ZOROZA U lf 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN ip h r er bb so wp bk hbp ibb ab bf fo go np
PEREZ Oraia L,1-6 5.1 12 8 8 4 1 0 0 3 2 27 35 7 8
EGUZKI OBB ip h r er bb so wp bk hbp ibb ab bf fo go np
AYUSO Elena W,5-1 6.0 6 1 1 1 4 1 0 1 0 22 25 6 7
Umpires - HP: MORENO Jeronimo 1B: VALLINA Maria J
Weather: SUNNY Game notes: ANOTADORA: MENDEZ Alejandra DATA ENTRY: CARPIO Pablo CT. VALLINA Maria J
EGUZKI OBB 8 (10-6), AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 1 (6-10)
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN starters: 37/ss HUERTA B; 45/dh OÑATIBIA E; 8/1b CORES L; 43/2b BUSSO C V; 50/3b BENITO I; 14/cf PAREDES I; 61/lf CUESTA A M; 47/rf IRIBAR E; 4/c ALONSO L; 2/p PEREZ O;
EGUZKI OBB starters: 3/dh ZUBIA O; 13/cf ETXEBERRIA E; 18/ss CALVO A; 9/p AYUSO E; 25/1b LARRAZA A; 33/rf ETXEBERRIA I; 8/3b FERNANDEZ E; 20/2b YUSTA A; 15/c MACAZAGA A; 21/lf ZOROZA U;
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 1st - HUERTA B grounded out to ss. OÑATIBIA E struck out swinging. CORES L singled through the right side. BUSSO C V singled to right field; CORES L advanced to second. BENITO I lined out to lf. 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 2 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 1st - ZUBIA O singled to catcher, bunt. ETXEBERRIA E flied out to cf. ZUBIA O stole second. CALVO A grounded out to ss; ZUBIA O advanced to third. AYUSO E hit by pitch. AYUSO E stole second. LARRAZA A tripled down the lf line, 2 RBI; AYUSO E scored; ZUBIA O scored. ETXEBERRIA I grounded out to p. 2 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 2nd - PAREDES I struck out swinging. CUESTA A M grounded out to 2b. IRIBAR E popped up to ss. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 2nd - FERNANDEZ E walked. YUSTA A grounded out to 3b, SAC, bunt; FERNANDEZ E advanced to second. MACAZAGA A popped up to 2b. ZUBIA O grounded out to ss. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 3rd - ALONSO L singled through the left side. HUERTA B singled to left field; ALONSO L advanced to second. OÑATIBIA E struck out swinging. CORES L hit by pitch; HUERTA B advanced to second; ALONSO L advanced to third. BUSSO C V reached on a fielder's choice; CORES L advanced to second; HUERTA B advanced to third; ALONSO L out at home ss to c. BENITO I struck out swinging. 0 runs, 2 hits, 0 errors, 3 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 3rd - ETXEBERRIA E singled up the middle. CALVO A popped up to ss. AYUSO E walked; ETXEBERRIA E advanced to second. LARRAZA A reached on a fielder's choice; AYUSO E advanced to second; ETXEBERRIA E out at third ss to 3b. ETXEBERRIA I reached on a fielder's choice; LARRAZA A advanced to second; AYUSO E out at third 3b unassisted. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 2 LOB.
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 4th - PAREDES I singled to right center. CUESTA A M out at first p to 2b, SAC, bunt; PAREDES I advanced to second. PAREDES I advanced to third on a wild pitch. IRIBAR E grounded out to 2b, RBI; PAREDES I scored. ALONSO L walked. HUERTA B fouled out to rf. 1 run, 1 hit, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 4th - FERNANDEZ E grounded out to 3b. YUSTA A fouled out to 2b. MACAZAGA A singled to pitcher. ZUBIA O singled through the left side; MACAZAGA A advanced to second. ETXEBERRIA E doubled to right center, 2 RBI; ZUBIA O scored; MACAZAGA A scored. CALVO A popped up to c. 2 runs, 3 hits, 0 errors, 1 LOB.
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 5th - OÑATIBIA E flied out to rf. CORES L flied out to lf. BUSSO C V grounded out to ss. 0 runs, 0 hits, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 5th - AYUSO E hit by pitch. LARRAZA A singled through the left side; AYUSO E advanced to second. ETXEBERRIA I grounded out to 3b; LARRAZA A advanced to second; AYUSO E advanced to third. FERNANDEZ E tripled to right center, 2 RBI; LARRAZA A scored; AYUSO E scored. YUSTA A struck out swinging. MACAZAGA A singled up the middle, RBI; FERNANDEZ E scored. ZUBIA O singled to right field, advanced to second on the throw; MACAZAGA A advanced to third. ETXEBERRIA E hit by pitch. CALVO A lined out to 3b. 3 runs, 4 hits, 0 errors, 3 LOB.
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 6th - BENITO I tripled to right center. PAREDES I reached on a fielder's choice; BENITO I out at home p to c. PAREDES I out at second c to ss, caught stealing. CUESTA A M popped up to p. 0 runs, 1 hit, 0 errors, 0 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 6th - AYUSO E intentionally walked. LARRAZA A singled to left field; AYUSO E advanced to second. LARRAZA A advanced to second on a passed ball; AYUSO E advanced to third. ETXEBERRIA I intentionally walked. FERNANDEZ E lined out to ss. YUSTA A singled down the lf line, RBI; ETXEBERRIA I advanced to second; LARRAZA A advanced to third; AYUSO E scored. 1 run, 2 hits, 0 errors, 3 LOB.
EGUZKI OBB 8, AT. SAN SEBASTIAN 1 (Jun 05, 2011 at Orio)
AT. SAN SEBASTIAN... 000 100  -  1  6  0      (6-10)
EGUZKI OBB.......... 200 231  -  8 12  0      (10-6)
Pitchers: AT. SAN SEBASTIAN - PEREZ Oraia and ALONSO Laura. EGUZKI OBB - AYUSO Elena and
MACAZAGA Aurora.
Win-AYUSO Elena(5-1)  Loss-PEREZ Oraia(1-6)  T-1:30  A-30
ANOTADORA: MENDEZ Alejandra
CT. VALLINA Maria J

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Many people, when they hear the word "marketing", instantly assume it is the same thing as "advertising". In reality, marketing is a much broader concept that includes as one of its parts methods of communication and promotion of products and services. Advertising, sales promotion and public relations represent three extremely important forms of marketing communication. Blazon Marketing offers a wide range of services to effectively promote your products and services.
Blazon Marketing, Inc. was established to bring all aspects of advertising and marketing under one roof. Our deep marketing experience reaches out to a wide range of projects, clients, and price ranges. We accomodate our client's needs and never finish a job until our goals have been met and our client's expectations exceeded. We pride ourselves in our ability to give our clients a full and complete marketing package.
Our mission is to push the envelope in design and pave the way for future standards. We believe that our design principles, marketing strategies and our deep understanding of modern and future technologies gives us a significant edge over other design and marketing agencies.
Keith has been in marketing for over 35 years. With a Bachelors Degree in Communications from Charter Oak College, he's worked with a wide array of clients across the country, from corporate & industrial to retail, medical, banking and a ton more. Keith's philosophy is simple: there is no single solution to marketing – clients need a littany of marketing solutions to help their business or service gain the recognition they deserve: advertising, website development, PR, and identity, among other things. Keith lives in Lagrangeville, New York with his wife Colleen and three children, David, Danielle and Christopher. He is also president of the Mid Hudson Road Runners Club and is an avid runner, having completed 7 marathons.


Our Brain Cancer Awareness Ribbon Charms are 5/8" long and are silver-tone with a gray enameled color finish. They have an enclosure hoop at the top that allows them to be easily attached to your favorite bracelet or necklace. A perfect gift for you or that someone special in your life. A great product at a great price!


The opportunity is to start your own Social Media Influencer Marketing practise within a prestigious 65 person creative ideas, integrated communications agency environment. An agency that tells genuine brand stories, creates brand cultures – and goes on great adventures.
This role works with the Head of Digital (the Digital Content / Social Media Marketing practice), who is a major selling point for this role. This Head, not only known as the nicest man in the agency world, has been Head of Social Media / Content at top 5 global agencies. He has built a strong team that you will have access to.
The Digital team act as lead agency for across a variety of top tier major brand accounts, including retail, alcohol drinks to consumer brands – and more. This Digital team also work with one of London's top 10 advertising agencies who are in the same building and in the same company Group.
There are big opportunities here to grow your own business with the support of a top agency environment. You'll have access to many skills from broadcast and video production, in-house design team, to research and analytics to account managers. You'll be in a position to grow your own team, from internally or externally.
The MD and Head of Digital are excited about growing the Social Media Influencer practise.
They already do Influencer Social Media strategies and there are existing fantastic brands to work with, ideally however, you will also have already have great clients you are set on working with. They are also looking for someone who is a natural with proposals with to big brands.
You will need to enjoy being entrepreneurial and in charge of your own P+L. You will be backed by great industry characters in class agency environment.
They are ready for initial chats if a view to then hearing what your business plan is in terms of the service / products you are looking to evolve – and what you'll need from them.
I have started the search at 70-85k basic, however, they are very open on salary and package.


text:
Home Ethereum The Tax Man is Finally Catching Up On the Crypto Marke… |...
The Tax Man is Finally Catching Up On the Crypto Marke… | News
When Bitcoin was still deeply buried underground in the world of unknown technology and the dark web, it was hardly seen as a threat, or even legitimate by those in power. However, it soon proved many in the mainstream wrong as it's popularity and price skyrocketed.
Both of these factors have caused regulators and governmental institutions to sit up and take notice. But more than that, they have been forced to take action in response. Regulators are indeed catching up to Bitcoin, as more and more hard-nosed approaches begin to make the news. It now looks as if the taxation authorities of some countries are also starting to get to grips with this fast moving, and mostly anonymous, monetary system/growing asset.
Just like death and taxes
It is hardly confusing as to why the tax man would want to come knocking on the Bitcoin community's door. The power of this digital currency, along with others, has handed huge amounts of growth and prosperity to investors, prosperity that has up til now, been largely kept off the grid.
The amount of money, growth, and returns on investment mean that there is room for governments to stake their claim, but their methods in doing so are far more difficult in the grey area of crypto earnings. In normal circumstances, banks and other centralised financial institutions are obliged to disclose finances to taxation authorities. However, the same cannot be said for Bitcoin. There is currently no obligation on exchanges to disclose user information. In fact, it is unconstitutional in most settings, as the USA's Internal Revenue Service (IRS) found out when they requested data and were turned down by the courts.
Additionally, Blockchain offers a transparent window into wallet addresses and transactions, but with anonymous IDs, these are no good to anyone trying to track down the owners of funds and their respective growth. This is also why there is a widely held fear of money laundering in the Bitcoin world.
How do they do it — from US to Australia
Given the difficulty in pegging down Bitcoin assets, different nations are trying different methods to try and claim tax from profits made by Bitcoin investors. The IRS, for example, has tried asking people nicely to declare their tax, and only 802 listened. The reset merely scoffed and remained in the shadows.
In Australia, the government has deemed that cryptocurrencies are "a form of property", and therefore: "Any financial gains made from the selling of Bitcoin will generally be subject to capital gains tax (CGT) and must be reported to the Australian Tax Office," a spokesperson from the tax office said.
While this is still a grey area, there has been a warning issued. The Australian Tax Office has warned it will be looking out for tell-tale signs of crypto tax dodgers living beyond their means:
"The Australian Tax Office is here to help those that are genuinely trying to meet their tax obligations. However, where people attempt to deliberately avoid these obligations, we will take strong action."
This includes using "a range of existing powers" which are used to address "unexplained wealth and conspicuous consumption that may arise through profits derived from cryptocurrency investment".
The South African Revenue Services (SARS) said in December last year that it would be exploring ways in which to track cryptocurrency trades in the hopes of addressing tax avoidance. In the meantime, it is looking to provide its own guidance for citizens on the tax treatment of cryptocurrencies, its first foray into controlling the gains made. As Asheer Jaywant Ram, senior lecturer in the School of Accountancy at the University of the Witwatersrand, puts it:
"I think there is enough interest and enough scope for SARS to be looking into this space, but now the question becomes, are they really going to accept taxpayers declaring their gains as capital gains tax or are they going to just say it is all revenue in nature?"
Income or capital?
This is a key question that a lot of nations will have to put to the sword as, should it be taxed as income, as opposed to capital, it will be at a higher rate. Proving that it was indeed a long-term investment, and thus subject to gains tax, is far more difficult in the fast moving ecosystem that is Bitcoin. Ram adds:
"Those sorts of debates on the nature of Bitcoin – I think those are coming – and I think it would be very interesting to actually see the outcome of those debates"
It is the very nature of cryptocurrencies that as they emerge more in the mainstream, they will be subjected to more scrutiny and regulations. While Blockchain and cryptocurrencies are a disruptive force, scaring longstanding institutions such as banks, it is doubtful that they will be able to avoid tax forever. It would be more pertinent for a resolution to be met between tax authorities and crypto investors, lest there be bigger issues down the line.
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text:
Starý židovský hřbitov v Praze 1-Josefově, fungoval pravděpodobně od roku 1439 do roku 1786. Jeho předchůdcem byl hřbitov z Nového Města nazývaný Židovská zahrada. Na hřbitově je pohřbena řada významných osobností židovské komunity, jako: Jehuda Liva ben Becalel zvaný Rabi Löw (1609), Mordechaj Maisel (1601), David Gans (1613) a David Oppenheimer (1736). Po uzavření tohoto hřbitova začala židovská komunita využívat původně morový hřbitov v Praze na Žižkově. Ten fungoval od roku 1680 až do 1890 a část jeho zbytků dnes leží pod žižkovskou televizní věží. Od roku 1890 je používán nový hřbitov, který je součástí areálu Olšanských hřbitovů. Starý židovský hřbitov je v současnosti spravován Židovským muzeem v Praze.

Historie
Nejstarší bezpečně doložený pražský židovský hřbitov byl nazýván Zahrada židovská a nacházel se v blízkosti Vyšehradské cesty na Novém Městě pražském až do roku 1478, kdy ho nechal na četné žádosti měšťanů zrušit český král Vladislav II. Přesné datum založení Starého židovského hřbitova, který zrušený nahradil, neznáme. Dnes převládá názor, že tento hřbitov neexistoval ještě ani v roce velkého pogromu v pražském ghettu roku 1389, a tudíž nevíme, kde se odehrály hrůzné události, které líčí Avigdor Kara ve své elegii za tuto tragédii Všechna ta neštěstí, totiž že během útoku na ghetto rabující lůza pustošila hřbitov, rozbíjela náhrobky a vyhrabávala mrtvé z hrobů (tuto událost popsal také Alois Jirásek ve druhém díle Syn Ohnivcův trilogie Mezi proudy). Nejstarší náhrobní kámen na Starém židovském hřbitově patří právě pražskému rabínovi a básníkovi Avigdoru Karovi, a pochází z roku 1439. Někteří renomovaní vědci, například Gelasius Dobner nebo Jaroslav Schaller (zakladatel pražského vědeckého místopisu), však v minulosti nesprávně posouvali založení Starého židovského hřbitova až o tisíc let nazpět. Kritika názorů zastávajících se vysokého stáří hřbitova započala až s nástupem pozitivismu v polovině 19. století. Hlavním kritikem se stal vrchní rabín pražský Šlomo Jehuda Rappaport (1790–1867). Ačkoli patřil k rodu kohenů, kteří se nesmí pohybovat po hřbitově (pouze po jeho okraji), znovu přečetl nápisy na řadě náhrobků.

Sklonkem první poloviny 15. století počíná kontinuální časová linie vytyčená náhrobky a trvá až do roku 1787, kdy byl vyhlouben poslední hrob pro Mojžíše Lipmana Becka. Tehdy již uplynuly tři roky od rozhodnutí osvícenského panovníka Josefa II., který z hygienických důvodů zapověděl pohřbívání na starých hřbitovech uvnitř městských center.

Hřbitov byl situován na nejvyšším pahrbku židovského města (kóta 192). Zřejmě již poměrně záhy přestal prvotní prostor hřbitova dostačovat, neboť roku 1440 byl přikoupen pozemek od pivovarníka Hanuše (záznam transakce je první písemnou zmínkou o hřbitově). Nejvíce nákupů pozemků k pohřbívání se uskutečnilo v 16. století, také zásluhou Mordechaje Maisela. Od první poloviny 16. století existovala v prostoru ghetta dvě oddělená pohřebiště, která spolu splynula až koncem století sedmnáctého. Poslední prostor, kde se skutečně pohřbívalo, získala obec v roce 1630, poslední rozšíření hřbitovních pozemků se nicméně datuje k 10. listopadu 1768.

Podle halachy nesmějí židé jednotlivé hroby rušit a především se musí zachovat náhrobek zesnulého. Nedostatek prostoru na Starém židovském hřbitově způsobil, že se na staré hroby navážely vrstvy hlíny, do nichž se opět pohřbívalo. Tímto procesem vzniklo v některých místech až dvanáct vrstev hrobů nad sebou. Staré náhrobky byly někdy vyjmuty a zasazeny na nově zvýšený povrch hřbitova, což vysvětluje jejich nahromadění těsně vedle sebe. V období vlády Františka I. existovaly návrhy na částečné zrušení hřbitova, které ale nebyly realizovány zejména pro kategorický odpor pražského arcibiskupa Václava Leopolda Chlumčanského. Přesto nakonec k redukci hřbitovních ploch došlo v průběhu asanace Starého Města a Josefova po roce 1903. Rozsah průlomů stávajícími ulicemi ukazuje plán vítězného projektu asanace FINIS GHETTO. Severní a jihozápadní cípy hřbitova byly navzdory židovským protestům zahrnuty do asanačního pásma pro rozšíření stávajících ulic a průlomy ulic nově plánovaných. Část pozemku hřbitova zabralo Uměleckoprůmyslové muzeum. V rámci asanace pak byla v roce 1903 vyhlášena soutěž na ohradní zeď židovského hřbitova v jeho novém rozměru. Pomníky ze zrušených částí hřbitova byly zakopány na prázdných místech hřbitova eventuálně zazděny do boční zdi hřbitova, kde jsou dodnes k vidění, a příslušné kosterní ostatky pohřbeny na vyvýšenině zvané "Nefele" u Klausové synagogy.
Starý židovský hřbitov se stal svou historií a osudem inspirací mnohým českým umělcům. Můžeme jmenovat Antonína Mánesa s jeho krajinářskou školu, Jaroslava Čermáka, Jindřicha Štýrského nebo básníky Jaroslava Vrchlického a Vítězslava Nezvala.

Náhrobní kameny

U nejstarších náhrobků vidíme jednoduchost provedení, jedná se o pískovcové desky zakončené půlkruhem, štítem či rovinou, do nichž jsou okrasným písmem vytesány příslušné údaje o zemřelém. Od 15. století přibývá na náhrobcích ozdobných prvků, přičemž vrcholu tato tendence dosáhla zřejmě v 17. století. Ve století šestnáctém se počínají na pomnících objevovat rozmanité symboly vyjadřující příslušnost k židovství (nejstarší objevující se symbol Davidovy hvězdy, žehnající ruce u rodů někdejších chrámových kněží kohenů, konvice a misky určené k omývání těchto rukou na hrobech kohenských pomocníků levitů), hodnocení života zesnulého (koruna dobrého jména, vinný hrozen značící plodnost a bohatý život), jeho jméno (nejčastěji zvířata: Lev za Jehudu či Judu – viz Gn 49,9 – Arjeho, případně Lejba, jelínek jako Naftali – Gn 49, 21 – Cvi, nebo Hirsch, medvěd pro jména Jissachar, Dov, či Beer, vlk za Benjamina – Gn 49,27 – Zeeva nebo Wolfa, pokud jde o ženská jména, např. pták za Taubele, Feiglu či Ciporu, růže pro Rosu atd.) případně dědičné přízvisko (opět zvířata, například myš za Maisel, husa pro Gans), dále povolání (krejčovské nůžky, lékařská lanceta, apod). Od roku 1600 lze vystopovat prvky baroka, kdy se začínají prosazovat čtyřstěnné tumby (hebrejsky "ohel", tj. stánek), místo do té doby používané plošné stély (tj. sloupek či stojící deska zapuštěná v zemi s funkcí náhrobku). Rakev s ostatky nicméně není umístěna uvnitř tumby, ale v zemi. Nejstarší tumbou je hrob Mordechaje Maisela, tumba je také náhrobkem Maharala. Od poloviny18. století nastupují rokokové doplňky (např. na hrobě rabína Majera, syna Efrajíma Fischla z Boleslavě, z roku 1769). V závěrečné etapě pohřbívání na Starém židovském hřbitově jsou zdobné prvky na pomnících plošší a jejich tvar se opět zjednodušuje.

Nápisy
Na pomnících je použito běžné hebrejské písmo. Do roku 1500 vidíme rytí do kamene, přibližně od této doby začíná převažovat plastické písmo. Obsahem je jméno zemřelého, jméno otce (u ženy jméno jejího manžela), povolání a čestný titul získaný v obci. Nesmí zde chybět datum úmrtí či pohřbu zapsaného formou normálního letopočtu, anebo tzv. chronogramem, ve kterém se letopočet udává součtem zvlášť podtržených písmen nebo slov. U jména zemřelého bývají eulogie (např. "blažené paměti") vyjadřované zkratkami. Další částí textu je chvalořeč na zbožný život a oddanost Bohu odešlého, dobročinnost, učenost, charakter a další vlastnosti. Zde je zjevná renesanční stručnost, která je vystřídána barokní a rokokovou mnohomluvností. Od 16. století je pro židy typické, že ke svému prvnímu jménu přidávají název obce (země) ze které pocházejí, nebo kde žili. Tak jenom na Starém židovském hřbitově zaznamenáváme přes 250 "příjmení" Lieben (= z Libně), 150 Roudniců, 100 Sobotků, 80 Kolínů, 60 Příbramů, 48 Náchodů a Jičínů, 42 Libochoviců, 32 Pardubiců, 22 Knínů, 15 Žebráků, 13 Rožďaloviců, 12 Choceradů, 10 Jeníkovců, 9 Měcholupů, 6 Mělníků, 5 Poděbradů, Přesticů a Městců, 3 Zbraslavi, Litomyšle, Protivíny a Hořice, atd.

Topografie hřbitova

U vchodu
Naproti vchodu vedle Klausovy synagogy (používaném v 19. století) nalezneme:

 Náhrobky lékařů Beera Tellera (zemřel 1688) a jeho syna Löwa Tellera (zemřel 1697)
 Rokokový dvojitý pomník lékařů Šalamouna Gumperce, syna Bendita (zemřel 1729) a jeho syna Mojžíše (zemřel 1742)

Po levé straně
Po levé straně jsou ve zdi zazděny zbytky nejstarších gotických náhrobků, které byly objeveny roku 1866 při stavbě Měšťanské besedy, v dnešní Vladislavově ulici. Naproti vyvýšenině "nefele" je ukrytý:

 černý náhrobek Aharona Mešulama Horowitze, úředně Žalmana Hořovského (nebo Žalmana Munku, zemřel 1545), který postavil Pinkasovu synagogu jako rodinnou synagogu Horowitzů/Hořovských.
 pomník Mojžíše Lipmana Becka (pohřbeného 1787), který leží na cestě k původnímu vchodu do hřbitova. Jeho pohřeb 17. května 1787 byl posledním na tomto hřbitově. Po tomto datu se pohřbívalo už jen na židovském hřbitově mezi dnešním Žižkovem a Vinohrady, založeném v době moru roku 1680, a to až do otevření nového židovského hřbitova ve Strašnicích.

Na pahorku Nefele
Na pahorku "nefele" (nefel = potrat), kde stála dříve židovská nemocnice (shořela roku 1689), se od počátku 18. století pohřbívaly děti, které zemřely před dosažením jednoho měsíce věku. Tady jsou také uloženy ostatky, které musely být odstraněny z částí hřbitova, která podlehla asanaci v roce 1903.

Památky u novostavby na místě staré nemocnice

Cestou kolem novostavby na místě staré nemocnice najdeme:
 pomník Avigdora Kara, syna Izákova (zemřel 25. dubna 1439, je to nejstarší zjištěné datum na hřbitově), který byl přítomen velikonočnímu pustošení židovského ghetta v roce 1389, o němž napsal žalozpěv (přeložený do češtiny v roce 1936 Jiřím Langerem), a podle některých vědců měly jeho spisy vliv na učení Mistra Jana Husa.

Památky u Pinkasovy synagogy
U Pinkasovy synagogy se začalo pohřbívat někdy kolem poloviny 16. století, kde jsou:

 Malý pomníček se špičatým štítem, což je hrob Davida Ganse (1541 – 1613) astronoma, matematika, zeměpisce a historika, který byl v kontaktu se dvorem Rudolfa II. Napsal hebrejskou kroniku Ratolest Davidova (Cemach David), v níž popsal mj. i české dějiny.
 Pomník tiskařů Mordechaje Katze (zemřel 1592) a jeho syna Becalela (zemřel 1589). Mordechaj byl synem Gersona Kohena, který v Praze založil slavnou židovskou tiskárnu, ve které byly vytištěny důležité knihy, např. Pesachová hagada (1526), která proslavila pražské tiskaře po celém světě. Mezi odborníky jsou zváni Gersonidové.
 Tumbu Davida Oppenheimera, vrchního rabína pražského a zemského rabína českého (1664 – 1736), jehož vzácná knihovna je dnes umístěna v Bodleyánské knihovně na univerzitě v Oxfordu.

Další hroby

 Renesanční tumba Mordechaje Maisla (1528 – 1601), filantropa a primase židovské obce. Nechal postavit mnoho veřejných budov – Vysokou a Maislovu synagogu, stejně jako židovskou radnici nebo tři malé budovy, klausy, na jejichž místě dnes stojí Klausová synagoga. Působil jako dvorní žid Rudolfa II.
 Renesanční tumba Jehudy Löwa, syna Becalelova je lokalitou, kam se ubírají návštěvníci hřbitova nejdříve. Celým jménem Jehuda Liva ben Becalel, zvaný též Maharal z Prahy nebo vznešený rabi Löw, byl mimořádným hebrejským učencem. Jeho žákem byl např. David Gans. Život Jehudy Löwa je opředen četnými legendami, z nichž nejslavnější pochází z 18. století o umělém člověku Golemovi.
 Mramorová tumba na jejíž čelní desce je lev, který svírá znak: Jedná se o náhrobek Hendel Baševi, dcery Eberla Geronima, ženy Jakuba Baševiho z Treuenberka (zemřela 1628) a byla známá jako "matka chudiny". Její manžel Jakub Baševi z Treuenburka (1578 – 1634) byl primasem židovské obce a prvním židem v Čechách, který byl povýšen do šlechtického stavu. On sám je pochován na hřbitově v Mladé Boleslavi
 Tumba Šlomo Efrajima Lunčice, řečeného Kelí Jakar (1515 – 1619), vrchního pražského rabína a komentátora mišny
 Tumba Josefa Šeloma Delmediga de Candia (1591 – 1655), věhlasného matematika, filosofa, přírodovědce a lékaře, který pocházel z Kréty.

Konspirační teorie
Starý židovský hřbitov je podle zmínky v knize Biarritz od Hermanna Goedscheho (Sir John Retcliffe) místem tajných setkání židovských mudrců, kteří zde osnují své plány na ovládnutí světa. Tato tematika úzce souvisí s tzv. Protokoly sionských mudrců (dokumenty padělanými ruskou tajnou službou, které měly roznítit antisemitismus v Rusku). Touto tematikou se důkladně zabývá román Umberta Eca z roku 2010 Pražský hřbitov (Il cimitero di Praga).

Odkazy

Související články
 Seznam židovských hřbitovů v Česku
 Seznam židovských památek v Praze

Literatura

 PAŘÍK, Arno a Vlastimila HAMÁČKOVÁ, Pražské židovské hřbitovy = Prague Jewish Cemeteries = Prager jüdische Friedhöfe, Praha: Židovské muzeum v Praze, 2008, s. 17–83.

 Starý židovský hřbitov v Praze, Pražská informační služba, Praha 1997.

Reference

Externí odkazy

 Topografie židovských synagog

Josefov
Národní kulturní památky v Josefově (Praha)
Kulturní památky v Josefově (Praha)
Stavby v Josefově (Praha)
Pražská asanace


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GB3CF
GB3LE
GB3UM
GB3GV
GB3LES
GB3LEF
GB3LEX
GB3LEU
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Leicestershire Repeater Group
LENS Articles
History of the Group - An Update
By Geoff G4AFJ
Further to Jack's fascinating article about the commissioning of GB3LE all those years ago. Much of what Jack related was not known to me or I had forgotten more like! I do remember the dismantling of the mast from the top of the warehouse. It was hair raising to watch, never mind actually doing it. The only problem was that my memory suggested that there was something wrong with the dates quoted. So I have dug out my logbooks and looked at the RMC/RMG/RWG records of RSGB. RWG was the Repeater Working Group of the RSGB set up in 1975 to facilitate the processing of repeater applications with the Home Office as the licensing authority in those days. It eventually became the Repeater Management Group (RMG) and last year became the Repeater Management Committee (RMC). I served as secretary from 1979 to 1988 and then became Chairman until January 1997.
The first repeater in the UK was GB3PI licensed in 1971 on 2 metres.
The first UHF repeater was GB3PY licensed on a 2MHz split but not in the current part of the band. If I remember correctly it was output on 433.350 and input on 431.350. The problem with this arrangement was that it could not be used in the northern part of England as the lower segment of the band was not allowed to amateurs due to the early warning radar station at Fylingdales. This was prior to the agreement with the MoD on the use of the RB channels i.e. our present system. The RU system (the reverse of our present system) could not be used because of objections raised by the MoD.
The Leicestershire Repeater Group was formed in 1975 with the purpose of putting on a 2 metre repeater in Leicestershire (proposed call sign GB3CF!) but, unfortunately at that time, there were a number of problems associated with urban 2 metre repeaters which can be summed up in one word - abuse! As a result the RSGB negotiated with the licensing authority that there should be a system of UHF repeaters with a more local coverage area. A 100km square rule for VHF repeaters i.e. one repeater per 100km square had been laid down as a guideline for VHF units. For UHF repeaters RSGB was able to negotiate a 33km guideline and in 1976 invited applications for a batch to be submitted to them for licensing.
The Leicestershire Repeater Group was extremely unfortunate in that they very narrowly missed the deadline for UHF phase 1 which was licensed in 1976 and so had to wait for about 15 months for phase II to be licensed. Phase I included GB3ME at Rugby and GB3CI in Corby. In those days batches of 10 or so repeaters were, at the licensing authorities insistence, submitted in batches at very infrequent intervals! Such was the interval that the first UHF batch was licensed in mid 1976 and the second batch was not licensed until October 1977. Nowadays they are submitted in monthly batches and take a few months to be processed so things have improved considerably over the last twenty years on the repeater-licensing scene as a result of the persistence of RSGB.
GB3LE became operational on Saturday 15th October 1977. The other East Midlands repeaters GB3DY and GB3NM came on a few days before on October 13th 1977. A new era in mobile communications in the East Midlands had begun!
Eventually after a lot of negotiations between the RSGB and the HO it was agreed that further VHF repeaters could be licensed and on 31/12/78 GB3CF eventually became operational. Again a lot of midnight oil burning took place down the hole. This time we were greatly indebted to the efforts of G3MYI who almost lived down there!


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Willamette Wake Up 08/06/2019 — New Salem Police Station Update
Willamette Wake Up
Tuesday, August 6 2019
Construction supervisors working on the new Salem police building gave an update on progress of the public-safety center that's going up on the near north side of the capital city's downtown area. After voters approved a 62-million-dollar bond issue in the spring of 2017, the site was chosen and cleared, and now the framework of a towering three-story complex fills the lot, as the builders and planners celebrated its "topping out." KMUZ host Stella Shaffer went to cover the update and interview a police official about the plans to move in.
About Willamette Wake Up
Willamette Wake Up is KMUZ's morning news magazine program that explores what mid-Valley people are doing and talking about through news segments and interviews. The Willamette Wake Up team is dedicated to exploring the deeper stories that define and affect our community. Join us live every weekday morning from 8 to 9 o'clock and repeats 6 to 7PM.
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Storms come in all shapes, sizes, and strengths. One might casually drizzle the earth until it's soft while another will pluck tree trunks clean out of the soil. Storms can change an entire landscape just by passing by and hide a level of beauty seldom seen by those that don't interact with them frequently. Luckily, extreme storm tracker Mike Hollingshead is often there to catch the action.
During a large, threatening storm, the common person is likely somewhere safe inside waiting it out. Meanwhile, Hollingshead is out trying to get as close as possible to some of nature's most powerful and fantastic meteorological phenomena. You can have a look at some of the photos on his website, StormAndSky.com.
According to a recent article in Wired (which features even more phenomenal storm photos), Hollingshead is a self-taught photographer and meteorologist whose stellar storm photos have appeared in National Geographic as well as in movies like Take Shelter and The Fifth Estate. Hollingshead's work shows that even though weather phenomena can be terrifying, it can also humbling to look at the beauty they often possess.
Visit Mike Hollingshead's website to view some more of these amazing photos!


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How I search the code also without the white spaces?
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A BMW M6 Gran Coupe finished with a Java Green exterior paint scheme has received a series of tweaks.
Back in June we saw the M6 GC with a darker shade of green and now another car featuring a Java Green hue has emerged. As you would expect, this is one of those colors available only through BMW's Individual program and according to BMWBLOG it costs somewhere in the region of €5,000 in Europe. It's not just the paint as the car has also gone through extensive changes, including a Manhart carbon fiber hood and a Kelleners carbon fiber front splitter.
It comes equipped with M Performance trunk spoiler, rear diffuser and mirrors, along with a titanium exhaust system (with carbon fiber tips) from Akrapovic, while inside it gets M-branded metal pedal set, Alcantara-wrapped steering wheel with Performance display. We saved the best for last as the twin-turbo V8 4.4-liter engine has been upgraded from 552 bhp (412 kW) to a massive 754 bhp (562 kW).


The Network of Spiritual Progressives.
In addition to events at its West Rogers Park location, LWM will co-sponsor related events with partners in the surrounding area. Jacki will continue her ecumenical work as guest leader for churches' retreats, adult education, pulpit supply and organizational discernment.


There are currently 2 comments and 1 photos online for this walk.
A 2 mile circular walk from Guildford town centre taking in the beautiful centre of Surrey's historic county town along with a surprisingly peaceful stretch of the River Wey. You'll have chance to see Guildford's famous cobbled High Street plus Guildford Castle along with the picturesque River Wey where on summer days you'll see narrow boats, rowing boats and canoes all messing about on the river.
The walk is mainly flat with just a few gentle hills including the High Street itself. There are no stiles and just a couple of kissing gates plus a few steps. The surfaces are mainly well made tarmac paths but the stretch along the river and through the meadows can be muddy after wet weather. There are likely to be cattle grazing in Shalford Meadows so take care with dogs. The castle grounds are locked at dusk. There are public toilets at the start of the walk just behind the Cornmarket and plenty of places for refreshments within the town. Approximate time 1 hour.
The walk starts from outside the Cornmarket on the pedestrian High Street, right in the centre of Guildford. The Cornmarket can be found on the High Street where it meets Tunsgate. It is opposite the Guildhall with its large projecting clock which makes a good landmark to guide you. If you are coming by car there are many pay and display car parks within the town, the nearest one being Bright Hill. If you are coming by train the rail station is about a 10 minute walk from the start of the walk.
The walk starts on the High Street in Guildford, outside the Cornmarket and opposite the Guildhall. Stand facing the 14th century Guildhall with its imposing large clock which was added in 1683 and dominates the view on the High Street. Turn left heading downhill along the High Street passing by a whole range of retail outlets.
The High Street is often referred to as being cobbled, but in fact the surface is actually paved with granite setts.
Cross over the side road to continue all the way to the bottom of the hill where you will reach a T-junction with the main road. Cross over via the pedestrian crossing and you will have Debenhams directly in front of you. Turn right for a few paces and then turn immediately left to reach the town bridge.
The Town Bridge stands on the site of the ancient ford from which Guildford takes its name. The name is thought to derive from the Saxon term Gyldeford meaning golden ford, and it is believed that the term refers to the golden sand in the area. Around 1200 a stone bridge was built here by the monks of Waverley Abbey. The current bridge was rebuilt in 1983, reusing the arches from the previous bridge of 1902.
Cross over the bridge and then turn sharp left onto the path directly in front of the White House pub to reach the towpath. Swing right along the towpath passing under beautiful old willow trees with the river on the left. Continue ahead to the far end of the car park where you will reach a bridge on the left signed to the High Street. Cross over this bridge and ahead you will reach Millmead Lock.
Turn right in front of the lock and follow the towpath with the river on the left. Cross over the small weir and pass Guildford boat house on the opposite bank. At the fork, take the right hand path and follow this to reach the sluice gate.
Turn right over the small bridge by the sluice gate and then follow the path alongside this tranquil stretch of the River Wey, with the river running to your left. On hot days you are likely to see canal boats, rowing boats and canoes all messing about on the river.
After some distance you will see a wooden footbridge appear ahead. Just before you reach it, look out on the right for a Victorian grotto which has been built around a beautiful natural spring. The spring waters run shallow and clear and give an excellent opportunity for a paddle on hot days.
Continue ahead and then use the footbridge to cross over the river.
Pass through the gate on the opposite side of the river and continue ahead on the path signed as the North Downs Way with the river on the left. After just a few yards where the main path bends right, keep ahead onto the minor path with the river still immediately on your left.
Pass through the kissing gate and into the open meadow (note there are likely to be cows grazing here). Take the path heading diagonally right across the meadow, veering away from the river. Cross over the drainage ditch via the sleeper bridge and continue in the same direction. Turn right out of the kissing gate to reach a hockey pitch ahead.
Turn left to pass alongside the hockey pitch to reach a T-junction with a tarmac path just before the road. Turn left onto the footpath and follow this fenced path with the meadows across to the left.
Shalford Water Meadows were once lush farmland used to grow hay and graze cattle but they fell out of use and nature reclaimed them. Cattle are once again used now to maintain the area.
The path emerges to reach a T-junction with the main road. Turn left to follow the pavement passing the rowing club and then The Weyside pub on the left hand side. At the traffic lights cross right over the road and continue straight ahead into Quarry Street.
Follow Quarry Street as it bends to the left. Just a few paces before you reach Guildford Museum on the right, turn right under the arch called Castle Arch. Fork left a few paces later and then turn left through the gates into the castle grounds.
As you enter the grounds fork right and then continue to swing left, keeping the castle on the left. You will reach the castle entrance on the left. Take time to explore the castle and grounds if you wish.
Guildford Castle almost certainly was built soon after the Norman conquest of 1066. It was mainly used as a royal residence although it did also play a part in warfare. The castle grounds include a life-size statue of Alice Through the Looking Glass as a memorial to Lewis Carroll who lived nearby in The Chestnuts from 1868 until he died in 1898.
With the entrance slope to the castle on your left, turn right to pass out through the gate of the grounds and then turn left along a short walled footpath to reach the T-junction with the road. Cross over into Tunsgate using the pedestrian bollards. At the end of Tunsgate you will reach the Cornmarket.
For most of Guildford's history the market has been held on the High Street, as the town doesn't have a market square. The Cornmarket's sacks of grain needed cover from the rain and the Tunsgate Arch was built in 1818 for this purpose, with columns in the style of a Tuscan Temple.
Pass under the Tunsgate Arch to reach the High Street where you began your walk.
Text and images for this walk are Copyright © 2012 by iFootpath and the author clairesharpuk and may not be reproduced without permission.
2 Comments for: "Guildford and the River Wey"
Did this on a cold grey Saturday. Can't wait to do it again on a sunny day. Yes it's not a long one and has a little bit of road and town built-in, but it has some pretty spots and is great for a combined walk and shopping day.
This is an enjoyable short walk. Despite starting from the town centre it is a peaceful route with a rural feel, and there is an excellent riverside Young's pub near the end to have lunch or a drink outside on a sunny day. But note that it is called The Weyside, not The Boatman Inn.
ADMIN RESPONSE: Hi Gavin, thank you for letting us know about the change of name for the pub, we have updated the guide accordingly. Thanks for helping us keep the iFootpath walking guides up to date.
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It's just a flatline day.
I'm in the office before everyone else. Rode the bike in across misty fields, oddly quiet amid this city of a million souls. I've got an hour before my next meeting and thought I'd pop out a DOG EAR. But I've got nothing.
I'm just sitting here trying to capture it.
Back before stories became rushed, this was the moment writers would use to describe background, or to better capture the nuances of character that cannot be charted with action, dialog or description. It's the moment where a character acquires some depth and your story drops the clutch before moving on.
Next time your hero tops the rise aboard his trail-dusty mustang, or your housewife stands with steaming coffee looking into her tiny, high-fenced backyard, perhaps it's time for you, as the author, to toss out a little human trait, just that moment where they sniff the air, look about them, and note the play of sunlight or the twittering of a passing jay.


Who is the greatest manager?
Alex Ferguson, with his 12 league titles, 9 cups and 2 Champions League Trophies during an unsurpassed two decades at Manchester United, or Jose Mourinho, who won 2 consecutive league titles, 3 cups and is one of only a few managers to prevent Manchester United from winning the title. This is an argument too contentious for any book to answer. But what this special book, 4-4-2 vs 4-3-3, does do is to analysis in-depth the differing formations, strategies and tactics used by the two managers.
Ferguson and Mourinho both shared a belief in building on a strong back four. After that, their tactical outlooks differed considerably.
Mourinho's favored 4-3-3 formation relied on using a playmaker as an offensive weapon, offensive wingers that would directly attack the box and a lone forward as a pivot to open space for oncoming players. Whereas Ferguson focused on a strategy that closed down opponents, attacks that started from the back and fullbacks that could overlap to give them a numerical advantage further up the field.
Through detailed diagrams and clear explanations, 4-4-2 vs 4-3-3 analyses in detail the characteristics of each managers' formation and how each enabled them to dominate opponents. In addition, this unique book answers many key questions about their systems and tactics, such as did the players fit the system or the system fit players; how did Ferguson setup his team to successfully defeat Chelsea in the Champions League Final and how did Chelsea manage to score so frequently with only a single established forward.
For both students of the game and expert coaches alike, 4-4-2 vs 4-3-3 is the definitive analysis of two of the playing styles of two of the Premier League's great tactical wizards.
Author of 4-4-2 v 4-3-3 Michele Tossani is a coach and student of the game. Tossani is the author of a number of books including A Coach's Guide to the 4-3-3, Zonal Defending the Italian Way, Champion's League Tactics, Modulo 4-3-2-1 and Analisi Tattica Champions 2002 – 2003. He has also written numerous articles for the popular Italian soccer web site www.allenatore.net.
This book is organized into chapters that focus on the playing styles of Chelsea and Manchester United individually before pulling them together into a concluding chapter at the end. Through extensive detailed diagrams and clear explanations, 4-4-2 vs 4-3-3 provides a methodical analysis of these two great English Premier League sides.
José Mourinho's 4-3-3 – This chapter starts by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of playing 4-3-3, which is arguably one of the most popular formations in the top divisions of European soccer. It then examines how Mourinho's Chelsea formation differed from a typical 4-3-3 and how it was effective against the 4-4-2 formation adopted by many Premier League sides. In particular, it discusses how you can use the superiority of a packed central midfield and how the greater numbers upfront can spread the defense, creating opportunities of your forwards.
Sir Alex Ferguson's 4 – 4 – 2 – The book's title is a little disingenuous because Alex Ferguson has been known to switch to a 4-2-3-1 or 4-4-1-1 depending on the circumstances. This chapter analyses how Ferguson's formation utilized wings in the offence, the combinations between forwards and the use of fullbacks for quick counter attacks.
In addition, this chapter assesses the special attributes of the 1999 team's midfield of Roy Keane, Paul Scholes, Ryan Giggs and David Beckham, and then how the team was adapted to accommodate the talents of Christiano Ronaldo, Wayne Rooney and Carlos Tevez.
Mourinho's Key Chelsea Players – This section assesses the characteristics of key players under Mourinho's reign at Chelsea and how they were utilized. This includes Petr Cech, Frank Lampard, John Terry and Didier Drogba.
Ferguson's Key Manchester Utd Players – Manchester United has never struggled to attract the world's best players, and Ferguson has proven to be adept at combining big name signings with high quality home grown talent. Illustrious names on his team sheet over the years have included Edwin Van der Sar, Jaap Stam and David Beckham.
What We Can Learn From Mourinho and Ferguson – In his closing chapter, author Michele Tossani summarizes what coaches can learn from these two great managers, along with their tactical similarities and differences. How did each utilize the holding midfielder and what were their differing attitudes to wingers? Both these questions and many more are answered in this unique book.
What better soccer coaching education than getting inside the mind of two of the game's greatest tactical wizards? If you've ever wanted to coach your team on how to replicate the relentless 'never give in' mindset of Manchester United or the attacking flair of Chelsea, then this is the book for you. Through detailed diagrams and clear explanations, it shows you exactly how each manager utilizes their chosen formation to get the results they needed.
Ultimately, your tactical nous and reading of the game will be enhanced by this unique book. You will gain an enriched understanding of how two of the game's greatest managers turn games in their favor through tactical changes, and how to apply their philosophies to your own team.
"I really enjoyed reading the 4-4-2 vs. 4-3-3 by Michele Tossani. Mr. Tossani gives you an in-depth look at how to utilize the 4-4-2 vs. 4-3-3 in both offensive and defensive formations from two of the top coaches in the world and their tactical thinking. I highly recommend this book." John Abe ex pro player and youth coach since 1987.
If you've ever wondered what the secrets are behind Alex Ferguson and Jose Mourinho's success, now you can find out through this in-depth study of their formations, tactics and philosophies. 4-4-2 vs 4-3-3 explains in detail everything you need to know about how they utilize their players to outwit opponents, to create more goal scoring opportunities and to get the results they need to win numerous league titles and cup tournaments.
This special book's detailed diagrams and explanations will enable you to understand exactly how their teams operate and will provide you with valuable insights you can apply to your own team's tactics.
Whether you are a student of the game or a coach playing at the highest level, 4-4-2 vs 4-3-3 is a unique analysis of two of the game's greatest tactical wizards and a valuable addition to your coaching education.


All business is undertaken subject to the Dutch Forwarding Conditions, General Conditions of the FENEX, in its last version. Please find enclosed a copy of these conditions on Dutch-Forwarding-Conditions-Dutch.pdf or Dutch-Forwarding-Conditions-English.pdf. Despite the conditions applicable to this agreement the principal shall continuously indemnify Speed - as well as on first request from Speed provide security - for all claims of third parties connected with any order given to Speed, including fiscal claims, penalties and balances payable. Chamber of Commerce reg. nr. 34044175.


A Texas public school is accepting funding from one of the most infamous and pernicious sponsorsof Islamic jihad terror: Qatar.
Qatar is arguably the preeminent sponsor of terror in the world today. It is a benefactor of the genocidal armies of ISIS, al Qaeda, and Boko Haram; it is involved in Taliban narcotics trafficking through a relationship with the Pakistani National Logistics Cell; and profits from operating a virtual slave state. Qatar is involved in terror operations from Nigeria to Gaza to Syria to Iraq.
How is it legal for a public school to accept funds to push Islam from a terror-supporting Muslim country?
Here is further proof of how the West mischaracterizes and willfully misunderstands Islam. As Mark Steyn pointed out in an interview with me a few years back, on the face of it, yes, Arabic is a language. In a sense there would be no difference between opening a foreign language school — a Spanish language school or a french language school — but in fact Arabic is more than a language. It is explicated the language of Islam, so in that sense it is part of the Islamic religious imperial project. Islam and jihad advances through the Arabic language. And you go all kinds of places that aren't in the Arab world now, like Pakistan, Indonesia, Central Asia, the Balkans, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and Canada and the United States, and you will here those Imams preaching in Arabic. Arabic is not just another language like French or Italian, it is the spearhead of an ideological project that is deeply opposed to the United States.


text:
Гейл-Мілл () — переписна місцевість (CDP) в США, в окрузі Честер штату Південна Кароліна. Населення — 913 осіб (2010).

Географія
Гейл-Мілл розташований за координатами  (34.702223, -81.239248).  За даними Бюро перепису населення США в 2010 році переписна місцевість мала площу 1,69 км², уся площа — суходіл.

Демографія
Згідно з переписом 2010 року, у переписній місцевості мешкало 913 осіб у 356 домогосподарствах у складі 227 родин. Густота населення становила 539 осіб/км².  Було 395 помешкань (233/км²).

Расовий склад населення:

До двох чи більше рас належало 1,2 %. Частка іспаномовних становила 1,0 % від усіх жителів.

За віковим діапазоном населення розподілялося таким чином: 29,9 % — особи молодші 18 років, 58,9 % — особи у віці 18—64 років, 11,2 % — особи у віці 65 років та старші. Медіана віку мешканця становила 32,5 року. На 100 осіб жіночої статі у переписній місцевості припадало 84,1 чоловіків;  на 100 жінок у віці від 18 років та старших — 81,3 чоловіків також старших 18 років.

Середній дохід на одне домашнє господарство  становив  долари США (медіана — ), а середній дохід на одну сім'ю —  долари (медіана — ). За межею бідності перебувало 65,3 % осіб, у тому числі 85,2 % дітей у віці до 18 років та 36,8 % осіб у віці 65 років та старших.

Цивільне працевлаштоване населення становило 202 особи. Основні галузі зайнятості: роздрібна торгівля — 26,7 %, науковці, спеціалісти, менеджери — 17,3 %, виробництво — 17,3 %.

Джерела

Переписні місцевості Південної Кароліни
Населені пункти округу Честер (Південна Кароліна)


text:
// Copyright 2015 The Project Buendia Authors
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
// use this file except in compliance with the License.  You may obtain a copy
// of the License at: http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distrib-
// uted under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES
// OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.  See the License for
// specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License.

package org.projectbuendia.openmrs.api.db.hibernate;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.projectbuendia.openmrs.api.db.ProjectBuendiaDAO;

/** Default implementation of {@link ProjectBuendiaDAO}. */
public class HibernateProjectBuendiaDAO implements ProjectBuendiaDAO {
    protected final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());

    private SessionFactory sessionFactory;

    /** @return the sessionFactory */
    public SessionFactory getSessionFactory() {
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    /** @param sessionFactory the sessionFactory to set */
    public void setSessionFactory(SessionFactory sessionFactory) {
        this.sessionFactory = sessionFactory;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We had an amazing 70th Annual State Forum from April 4-6, 2019. Results will be posted on the State Forum page in the coming days. We hope all who attended enjoyed and cannot wait for next year!
We would love to hear feedback regarding the recent state convention. Check out this survey designed by Recording Secretary Anya AitSahlia to let us know what you thought!
Florida is currently gathering its delegation for this summer's NJCL Convention at North Dakota State University in Fargo. For more information or to register, see the NJCL website. Spots at Nationals are limited due to dorm space, so don't delay if you want to join the Florida delegation! All attendees from Florida must also submit the FJCL Delegate Form by May 31st.


What Pipeline is happy to present new collaborative works by Marte Eknæs & Nicolau Vergueiro. Janitoria continues the conversation last seen in Scrapscape, their show at Exilo Studios, Los Angeles.
Janitoria is in the rearguard. Manifesting maintenance, repurposing, consumption and waste. The brush and trash can are the main icons transposed into characters in this tableaux. Objects and buildings become flashy facades, patterns and acts unfolding in their own moments of public functional hysteria. Anthropomorphized utility, as the consumed becomes the consumer.


text:
Austria set for severe winter spell with minus 25C forecast
The Local - [email protected] • 11 Jan, 2021 Updated Mon 11 Jan 2021 16:39 CEST
Winter weather is set to hit Austria this week, with larger than average snowfalls and temperatures as low as minus 25C forecast for some parts of the country.
Austria's Central Institution for Meteorology and Geodynamics (ZAMG) has predicted serious cold snaps across the country to send the mercury plunging in the mountains and in the cities.
According to the Austrian Severe Weather Center, large parts of the country are set for severe winter weather this week and into the weekend.
Around three month's worth of snow has already fallen in the east of the country, primarily from the Ötztal Alps over the Brenner to East Tyrol, Carinthia and Lungau.
Mallnitz and Lienz have also seen significant snowfalls, around six to eight times more than average.
Cold snap in the northern Alps
High pressure systems bringing high fog are expected until mid-week, with the temperatures set to drop in the later part of the week and towards the weekend as icy wind moves in from Russia in the north east.
The northern Alps areas along with the valleys will expect lows between -15C and -20C, while temperatures may hit -25 in some alpine valleys.
Along the plains, the temperatures will also drop although not as far, with weather in the cities of Vienna, Salzburg, Linz and Graz to be between -5C and -2C on the weekend.
#storm #Weather


Bull Products, a manufacturer of life-saving fire protection equipment, has enhanced its Cygnus wireless alarm range with a new feature that has been designed specifically for construction sites to give warning of danger and prevent access into exclusion zones.
The new Exclusion Zone Alarm System is suitable for when an area becomes too dangerous for workers or pedestrians to pass such as a plant being operated, crane and lifting operations, and dangerous out-of-bound locations.
The alarm system units are positioned around the exclusion area, and when activated, the alarm sounds continuously until the area is no longer considered dangerous.
As a major innovation in wireless emergency fire and first aid alarms for construction sites, the Cygnus radio fire alarm system has been designed for specific use on construction sites where changing site conditions and environments demand a far higher performance from the radio than those found in standard wireless fire alarm systems.
The Exclusion Zone Alarm System interfaces directly to the Cygnus Alarm System and can be monitored and/or activated via the control panel where a full history log can be viewed. It can also be used in conjunction with beam detectors which trigger an alert when the beam is broken by a trespasser.
Bradley Markham, director at Bull Products, said: "Establishing exclusion zones on a construction site is key to protecting workers as their lives are still at risk during operation.


West Dunbartonshire Working4usiness Awards 2017 now open for entry!
West Dunbartonshire Working 4 Business Awards 2017 now open for entry!
CHAMBER "BURNS" IT UP AT CAMERON HOUSE!
Dunbartonshire Chamber of Commerce in partnership with Cameron House welcomed around 70 guests to the loch-side location for a Burns-Themed business networking event last week.


I saw this quote today on Kylie McBeath's Instagram (if you don't follow her already, I highly recommend doing so) today, and it truly resonated with me because I am seriously dragging right now. Feeling physically and emotionally drained after a beautiful (but long) weekend of growth, expansion, yoga, and travel. Some days it feels like the quest for balance is eternal. And maybe to an extent it is… because if you ever manage to cultivate balance, it requires constant nurturing and maintenance to retain.
But it's given me the inspiration I've been needing to sit down and ask myself: What helps me create and build energy?
Reading over these words I notice that I'm doing really great in some areas, not so great in others. So it looks like I've got a little self-care to work on.
Previous Entry What I learned leading a yoga retreat.
Next Entry Left my heart in San Francisco… Again.


3. Add the onions, green chillies and roasted gram.
6. Add the mint leaves and stir well, adding a little ghee.
7. Add the idiyappam and mix gently.
8. If desired, garnish with fried cashewnuts and groundnuts.
Feel free to comment or share your thoughts on this Pudina Idiyappam Recipe from Awesome Cuisine.


Far too often we've seen companies put their own needs in front of those of their customers, not just in recruitment but in general. With this happening on an everyday basis we thought we should take the opportunity to create something that puts emphasis on customer service i.e. 'what do they want' & 'what do they want to achieve' and match their needs accordingly.
Supply is important because individuals that have the ability and the qualifications to teach, can. Our candidates get the opportunity to work in classrooms with children, gather experience and reputation whilst doing what they love. It gives students the chance to build confidence before they secure a job and others that just want to work now and again a chance to do that too. There is much misconception about supply teachers, people presume they aren't good enough to work full time in a classroom and it's actually completely the opposite. Many of our staff do it as a lifestyle choice, these types of role are perfect for people that wish to balance family life/work or for those who have retired but still want to give back to future teachers that may benefit from their previous experiences.
"Well done and congratulations to Staffroom Education for their successful first year. Mike and Jaz provide a friendly, efficient and reliable service and are always prepared to go that extra mile. They respond immediately to any requests and always keep us updated. I would have no reservations in recommending their services."
How do schools benefit from education recruitment?
When a teacher is absent, it's important that a school covers their classes with someone that provides stimulation for their students. Staffroom offers access to a bank of both qualified and unqualified teaching staff at any given notice. This is not only beneficial for the fact that lessons are guaranteed to be covered but also the idea that schools do not have to be committed. Sometimes it's difficult to judge a character purely by an interview, on paper they may seem absolutely fantastic but there's been many a time when they've fallen to pieces in front of a class full of children. Supply offers the chance for schools to witness how candidates perform under pressure, how well they teach and whether they seem passionate about their job.
For you personally, what is the most important aspect of your job?!
Quality of service. Our commitment to teachers is essential, we always want to provide relevant, consistent work that suits every individual's requirements and show that we value their time and effort. This goes for all of our clients also, we want them to have complete trust in us as their business partner and understand that we'll always do our utmost to provide quality, hard working staff.
What is the best thing about Staffroom Education?!


Air pressure shortens filtering time to 20 seconds. This avoids the bitterness of long processes such as drip brewing.
pH testing measured AEROPRESS brew's acid as less than one fifth that of regular drip brew. The low acid is confirmed by coffee lovers who report that AEROPRESS brew is friendlier to their stomachs.
AEROPRESS is the result of several years of applied research by inventor/engineer Alan Adler. He conducted numerous brewing experiments, measuring the brew with laboratory instruments. The experiments demonstrated that proper temperature, total immersion and rapid filtering were key to flavor excellence. He then designed and tested dozens of brewers before settling on the AEROPRESS design. The design was further validated by coffee lovers who tested prototypes in their homes. Adler has about forty U.S. patents and an equal number of foreign patents. He is President of Aerobie, Inc, Palo Alto, California and a lecturer in mechanical engineering at Stanford University. Adler's best-known invention is the Aerobie flying ring which set the Guinness World record for the world's farthest throw (1,333 feet).


text:
Laviàntica
4.00 | 18 ratings | 1 reviews | 28% 5 stars
Buy LAVIÀNTICA Music
Studio Album, released in 2013
1. Intro (2:17)
2. Nel Vento (4:35)
3. Sole (5:56)
4. La Pioggia (6:03)
5. Finché Il Giorno Non Finisce (4:53)
6. Icaro (5:10)
7. Tempo (6:06)
8. Clessidra (5:54)
9. Laviàntica (10:54)
- Marco Palma / electric guitar
- Paolo Musolino / keyboards, acoustic guitar, vocals
- Luciano Stendardi / piano, keyboards
- Paolo Perilli / bass, vocals
- Andrea Schiappelli / drums
CD Laviàntica - ALTER 001 (2013, Italy)
FLAC download - bandcamp.com
Thanks to seventhsojourn for the addition
and to Quinino for the last updates
Buy LAVIÀNTICA Clessidra Music
More places to buy LAVIÀNTICA music online
Buy LAVIÀNTICA & Prog Rock Digital Music online:
AmazonMP3: Search for LAVIÀNTICA DRM-Free MP3 Downloads @ Amazon.com MP3
LAVIÀNTICA Clessidra ratings distribution
Good, but non-essential (28%)
LAVIÀNTICA Clessidra reviews
Review by andrea
Laviàntica come from Rome and their origins date back to the late eighties when was formed Alterego, a band influenced by the neo progressive sounds of Marillion, Twelfth Night, IQ, Pendragon, Ezra Winston and Leviathan. Later the band changed the original name into Laviàntica (which, according to their website, is a contraction of the words "La Via Antica" that can be translated as "The Old Way") to underline their choice to play in a retro style. Anyway, it wasn't until 2013 that the band, after many years of hard work and various problems, managed to self-release a full length debut album with a consolidated line up featuring Marco Palma (electric guitar), Paolo Perilli (bass, vocals), Luciano Stendardi (piano, keyboards), Paolo Musolino (keyboards, acoustic guitar, vocals) and Andrea Schiappelli (drums). During the recording sessions they were helped by some guest musicians such as Alice Pelle (vocals), Andrea Bongiovanni (drums) and Laura Senatore (violin) who contributed to enrich the sound and the result is a nice, introspective concept album about the relativity of time entitled Clessidra (Hourglass). The band's melodic vein tends to prevail upon an overtly challenging, adventurous musical approach, but this is not a cheesy album and lovers of neo prog bands from the eighties will undoubtedly appreciate it.
The opener is the short instrumental "Intro" that sets the atmosphere. The mood is dreamy and the music conjures up a peaceful springtime landscape... "Nel vento" (In the wind) describes in music and words a day stolen from the daily grind and spent in the country. There's an open field covered with dancing flowers and colourful butterflies flying all around. Your hands lightly touch the grass, you can hear the sound of the shaking leaves of a near tree and breathe fresh air. Suddenly you begin to move your hands, maybe you're dreaming to fly, you're taking off... Live and never stop!
Next comes "Sole" (Sun) where the rhythm rises and the music flows with a flapping of wings. The soaring vocals warn you that the horizon is just an illusion and that you have to follow your inner light. A free man is ageless, everyone has a leading soul and a different fate... Then the sound of thunders and pouring rain introduce the following "La pioggia" (The rain), where the music and lyrics invite you to think about the secret messages that the rain can write carving the rock, drop after drop for millennia. From above you can see shining shadows moving in the puddles along the streets, there are people invoking the rain and others fearing its force but who can really understand what the rain has to say?
Then comes the melodic, dreaming "Finché il giorno non finisce" (Until the end of the day) where the music and lyrics invite you to savour every single moment of the day, every instant of your life. Now you can relax and look at a wonderful landscape from a lookout on the seashore but Time is always on the run and it never comes back, your thoughts and feelings soon will become just memories... The following "Icaro" (Icarus) is another nice ballad that celebrates the freedom to fly high toward the sun running after your dreams. Even if you know that you have to come back, for a free heart the desire to fly can never fade...
On "Tempo" (Time) the atmosphere becomes a bit darker. Your beautiful day is coming to an end. Make use of your time because life is short, so try to gather speed and run after your time... Carpe diem! The following "Clessidra" (Hourglass) is light and melancholic. The wheel of time is still in spin, there are shadows and dust clouds running down a metaphorical hourglass in the sky. A night train takes you home but the evening breeze is still carrying thoughts and smells waiting for the moonshine that will reflect them. The long, complex instrumental "Laviantica" (The old way) concludes the album with a solemn pace and a strange atmosphere filled with dreams and memories.
All in all, this is a really good work that deserves some attention. Have a try and judge by yourselves: you can listen to the complete album on bandcamp. By the way, the download version is slightly different from the CD, without the intro and the sounds that bind all the single tracks together... If you buy the physical copy you'll get both!
Posted Saturday, December 20, 2014 | Review this album | Report (Review #1326496)
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Wedding is the special occasion in the lifetime as it is a beginning of new start of two lives together. Giving importance to the arrangements of wedding should be equally given to the wedding dress as well. Because the wedding dress you wear will make you to look beautiful and pretty on the day of your wedding as it enriches your elegance.
You can sew your own tulle skirt for wedding dress instead of seeking the help of the designers.
DIY long tulle skirt for wedding dress as it make you to feel more special as it has been designed by own which makes to feel unique.
Sewing the tulle skirt may helps to design the wedding dress according to your likes and comfort.
How to sew a tulle wedding skirt?
If you have no experience on sewing but still like to make a tulle wedding skirt for your wedding then make use of the tutorials to learn. You can watch the videos and go through the online tutorials which may assist in sewing your own tulle wedding skirt and it is must to follow the steps as mentioned.
As the first step on creating your own wedding dress need to design the dress according to your likes. Refer the images of wedding dress from that pick the design you like and with that create your own design.
Once done with finalizing the dress how it is going to look like then go for taking the measurements before beginning with sewing the dress. With the assistance of a professional take down the dress fittings and taking the measurements correctly is very important or else the dress may not fit. Then create a dress form with the things needs and implementing the techniques.
After creating drape the dress form by following the steps and then come up with a mock-up dress using cheap fabric to save money.
Creating mock-up dress is very important so that you can able to check the designing and fitting of the dress before sewing the wedding tulle skirt. Then draw the pattern from the mock-up dress and make use of it for sewing the fabric of the wedding dress with help of sewing tools and techniques. Sew the wedding dress as instructed without missing any steps can end up in creating a beautiful wedding dress which can you wear on your wedding.


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MY ANSWER: This is kind of hard. I guess my fave (sort of) villain is Al from Kim Harrison's The Hallows series. He was villain-like in the beginning and he still isn't a good guy, but he's a complicated villain. He's hard to make out whose side he's on. But for the most part, I don't think he could be considered a good guy, so I'll say he's villain-like and therefore is one of my fave villains.
This week's question is: What embarrassing thing have you done on cold medicine?
MY ANSWER: Uh...I don't think I've ever done anything really embarrassing. Nothing that I can remember anyway. Although, not embarrassing, I do remember having the flu on my 16th birthday which was on the 16th of the month, so what should have been a double special day in some respect was not a fun day at all. But no, I can't think of anything embarrassing that I did while under the influence of cold medicine.
**Don't forget today is the last day to enter my 200 Followers Contest. You have until 11:59 PM (CST) tonight! Click here for details.
I stopped by from the blog hop.
U must confess that inlike you I do not know your fav villian.
Snape, Lord Voldemort is mine.
I'm not familiar with our villain but I bet it's a good one. I don't do anything interesting when taking cold medicine either. Well nothing I would admit to. I'm a new follower.
And if you get a chance to stop in on my special spot, please take at the post concerning classics (it's directly below the "hop" post). I am really interested to hear your answer.
Stopping in for FF. Happy Friday. Hope you have a great weekend. Following.
Hey hopping by and i'm a new follower woow! Love the blog! and I love the buffy v edward video hahah.
Hi Jessica! Old follower here too! Thanks for stopping by and have a wonderful weekend!
I haven't read Kim Harrison's UF yet, but I know I need to!
Yeah I can't take Dayquil either. When I''m sick its bad. Ive just gotta stay home and sleep cuz I can't function at all.
.....Stopping by from the Blog Hop.
I like your layout, I will be reading The Restorer very soon as well, so I look forward to hearing what you think of it!
I haven't read any Kim Harrison books, but I may just have to check them out!!!
Hey Jessica, just stopping by on the follow. Thanx for stopping by, you're a sweet heart!
Stopping by for the blog hop! Happy friday!
Hopping through. I should read Kim Harrison some time. I've heard good things.
Thanks for stopping by the blog Jess!
Ooooohhhh... What a good question for the Book Blogger Hop! I don't think that I could choose just one bad guy- I like your choice a lot though!
I haven't read this, but I bet he's a good villain!


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You are here: Home / Wild Blog / Conservation / Natural born scapegoats…why do we always blame wildlife?
Natural born scapegoats…why do we always blame wildlife?
November 6, 2012 by Calvin Jones 2 Comments
Why is it that we're so ready to lay the blame at nature's door when things go awry in the countryside?
There are plenty of examples out there. Bovine TB is perhaps the biggest that springs to mind at the moment. It's a dreadful disease in cattle that has serious implications for dairy farmers, their families and entire rural communities. It's a problem that needs to be addressed. So what do we do? We blame badgers!
The decline in songbird populations in our countryside, parks and gardens is another one. Talk to anyone of a certain age and they'll tell you that there are less birds around than their used to be. Science backs that up — we've seen dramatic declines across many of our farmland bird species. But why?
The popular "explanation" you'll hear on the ground is that our songbird populations have crashed because of increased predation by sparrowhawks and marauding magpies.
Poppycock!
The simple fact is that in these cases, and many others like them, nature and wildlife have become convenient scapegoats: easy targets that let us neatly sidestep a less palatable reality that usually sits much closer to home.
When it comes to Irish badgers we're doing much more than just pointing the finger. We're indiscriminately slaughtering them.
The badger culling debate has been raging just across the water of late. Earlier this year the Welsh Assembly axed a proposed cull in Wales after reviewing the data. More recently the controversial introduction of trial badger culls in parts of England sparked massive debate, extensive media coverage and general uproar on both sides of the argument. The cull has now been postponed pending review.
Science supporting badger culling as a means of controlling bovine TB is far from conclusive. One of the chief scientist involved in the principal study for the UK Government, Lord Krebs, is unconvinced. He has urged UK Ministers to "gather together scientific experts and rethink the Government's strategy altogether, starting from square one".
Yet here in Ireland we've been killing badgers for decades in the name of tackling Bovine TB, and society has barely raised an eyebrow.
According to the Irish Wildlife Trust (IWT) the Irish badger cull has been running since 1984, and has resulted in the deaths of more than 115,000 badgers since then. Every night in Ireland some 6,000 badger snares are set by government sanctioned agents, despite the fact that badgers are supposedly protected under Irish and European legislation.
This year €70 million of Irish taxpayer's money (another IWT statistic) — your money and mine — has been allocated to fund the disease eradication programme.
Bovine TB is a huge issue for farmers, their families and rural communities all over Ireland. It's an issue that needs to be tackled head on… but it needs to be tackled on a sound scientific foundation. I'm happy enough for the Government to spend my tax contributions on eradicating bovine TB… but why not fund research into a viable solution for cattle. Exterminating badgers isn't just morally reprehensible, it's also ineffective as a control measure for the disease, and will do very little to slow its inexorable march.
Similarly the routine castigation of the sparrowhawk and the magpie for songbird decline in the Irish countryside is nonsensical, and yet it's a myth that endures. Yes sparrowhawks kill small birds. They are perfectly adapted killing machines. It's how they survive, grow and make more sparrowhawks. Yes magpies, and other members of the crow family are supremely versatile opportunists, and will take the eggs and young of other birds if they get chance. But it's dangerous to make assumptions based on occasional observation.
The science tells us in no uncertain terms that predation isn't the culprit in the widespread declines of countryside bird populations. So what is?
Well… even the most cursory look at the trends shows a spooky correlation between declining bird numbers and changes in the way our countryside is managed. Is it too much of a stretch to accept that crashes in our countryside bird populations are inextricably linked to the specialisation and intensification of Irish agriculture? It's certainly a more feasible hypothesis than "it's the magpies wot dun it guv!".
We need to stand up and be accountable for the problems we see in our countryside today, rather than seeking innocent natural scapegoats to take the rap. Only by accepting responsibility for the problems we cause can we start to put things right. Passing the buck? That only makes matters worse!
Click the link for more on how you can support the Irish Wildlife Trust's campaign to end badger culling in Ireland.
Filed Under: Conservation, Featured, Irish Independent Column, Wild Opinion Tagged With: badger cull, conservation, magpie, sparrowhawk
Floss Gibson says
A good level headed and common sense article, very informative. €70 million is a lot to send eating cc h year on something that clearly doesn't work if it's being running since 1984!
Seagulls ate my aunty's dog! Really? - Ireland's Wildlife says:
[…] problem at all — it's a human behaviour problem. As with most situations where we point the finger at wildlife, gulls are bearing the brunt of an issue that we've manufactured. This nuisance behaviour by […]


Calorie restriction may be key to asthma prevention, finds a new study. The report of study has appeared in Scientific Reports.
Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have reported that a low-calorie diet prevented asthma symptoms regardless of the diet's fat and sugar content in animal experiments. They also found that obesity resulting from a high-calorie diet led to asthma symptoms in the animals by causing lung inflammation, and a drug that blocks inflammation eased those symptoms.
Asthma is a common chronic lung disease in which inflammation causes narrowing of airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath and chest tightness. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 38.8 per cent of adults with asthma are obese, much higher than the obesity rate in adults without asthma, which stands at 26.8 per cent. But, the biological mechanisms underlying obesity-related asthma symptoms and risk have remained somewhat unclear.
The researchers went on to evaluate the animals' lung function to see if the mice developed asthma symptoms by measuring the narrowing of lung airways when the mice inhaled different doses of methacholine, a drug that causes airways to constrict. When given a 30 milligrams per millilitre dose of methacholine, mice on all kinds of high-calorie diets whose eating wasn't restricted had their airways constricted at least 6.3 times more than baseline, while mice on low-calorie diets or food-restricted mice on high-calorie diets had their airways constricted at most 4.7 times more than baseline. The results of these tests–similar to those used to screen for or diagnose asthma in people–indicated that mice on high-calorie diets developed asthma symptoms, as well as obesity.
At the end of eight weeks, when given a 30 milligram per millilitre dose of methacholine to test their airway responsiveness, obese mice on the drug anakinra had their airways constricted 2.9 times more than baseline, lower than the 5.1 times increase observed in millilitre not given the drug.