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Daniel Wighton
DanielWighton
east germanyImmigrationwest germanyxenophobia
Germans at a rally in Chemnitz. Image: DPA
Violence against refugees is been far more prevalent in Germany's eastern states, with asylum seekers in the former east ten times more likely to be victims of hate crimes. New research has shed light on the phenomenon, in the process debunking much of the established wisdom on xenophobia in western countries.
A study released Monday by the Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research (ZEW) has illustrated not only on the prevalence of violent attacks against migrants, but on the underlying factors which may increase the likelihood of these attacks taking place.
The researchers, looking at 'hate crime' incidents from 2013 to 2015, found that new asylum seeker arrivals were ten times more likely to be attacked in former East Germany than they were in the former West.
In comparing the underlying features of areas where refugees were more likely to be victims of hate crimes, the study showed that the region's lack of experience with foreigners was more likely to increase the chance of a violent attack.
SEE ALSO: A portrait of Cottbus, the town that stopped accepting refugees
Martin Lange, an economist with the ZEW's Labour Markets and Human Resources Department, told The Local that the findings showed a clear link between areas which had historically been exposed to fewer foreigners and an increased likelihood of hate crimes.
In areas where more foreign-born residents lived, the likelihood of attack was minimised.
Lange said that while the researchers expected there to be some discrepancy between the regions, the extent of the difference was 'striking'.
"We were expecting to find more attacks against asylum seekers in the east than in the west – other studies have found that already and it was being reported in the newspapers, so we had the feeling we would see that in the data too," he said.
"Regarding the distribution of the attacks, that was striking because we could not immediately see a pattern".
Prevalence of 'hate crimes'
In order to get to the bottom of the issue and cut through some of the sensationalist reporting on the matter, the researchers first looked to the prevalence of violent incidents throughout Germany. The researchers had a focus on arson, hate speech, Swastika graffiti and physical assaults.
The study showed that the prevalence of these acts against refugees is much more frequent in the country's east. In comparable regions of the former east in terms of refugee intake, there are on average two to three hate crimes per year per 100,000 local residents.
SEE ALSO: How Chemnitz is showing there's more to eastern Germany than far-right extremism
In the former west, this figure ranges between 0.4 and 0.6 incidents per 100,000 residents.
After unearthing the 'what' of the data, they then set about finding out the 'why'.
Hate crimes against asylum-seekers. The above map shows the prevalence of hate crimes across Germany, with a concentration in the former east. Data: GEW. Image: DPA
Economic connection minimal
While economic factors have often been blamed for the rise of nationalism and xenophobic attitudes in Germany and abroad, the researchers found that the link between economic factors and violent acts against refugees in Germany was minimal.
Although the authors were careful to point out that the lack of a connection between hate crimes and economic factors doesn't preclude a link to negative attitudes and economics generally, the connection may in fact be overstated.
"Our study doesn't claim that there is no correlation between economic deprivation and hate crimes at all," said Lange. "We found no correlation with (economics) and hate crime directed at asylum seekers."
"If you're looking at xenophobic and anti-immigration attitudes in general, there very well might be a correlation with economic drivers," Lange said.
Germany's strong current economic performance could also be a factor in minimising this connection, even though it may be valid elsewhere.
"You have to also keep in mind that unemployment rates have been decreasing for years in Germany and Germany's economy is doing very good at the moment," Lange said. "That might also contribute to why we couldn't pick up any correlation."
A history of xenophobia?
The research also illustrated a connection between areas which had historically exhibited xenophobic attitudes and those that continued to do so.
These attitudes remained far more common in the former east and the research therefore illustrated that xenophobic attitudes are hard to change.
"The increase in hate crime is also linked to xenophobic attitudes that had already existed in the respective regions and which now seem to have become entrenched," said Lange.
"In some cases, a small number of asylum seekers moving to a particular region is already enough to trigger a rise in hate crime."
A far-right rally in Cottbus, Brandenburg. Image: DPA
The future of refugee integration in Germany
The research was based on data from 2013 to 2015, which was the height of the migrant 'crisis'.
Since then, attitudes towards refugees have softened in some parts of the country.
In other areas, however – particularly in areas like Cologne or Chemnitz where refugees have been charged or accused of criminal conduct – could these attitudes have become more negative?
Lange said that despite a number of high-profile incidents taking place since the conclusion of the study, the findings still represented a high-water mark for violent incidents against refugees.
"We see a steep increase in hate crimes in the regional data (2013 to 2015). In the aggregate data attacks seem to flatten out in 2016 and then to decrease in 2017 and 2018," he said.
READ: New reporting centre established to federalise the battle against anti-semitism in Germany
Lange said that the decline in hate crimes was likely to confirm rather than contrast the study's findings.
"It may mean that there are less attacks on asylum seekers now because people are more used to the situation and maybe come into contact with asylum seekers more often."
The research however illustrated that while those in areas less familiar with foreigners may be more hostile to new arrivals, policy makers should still pursue a course of refugee integration in these areas.
"The solution cannot be just not allocating asylum seekers to the east because these areas have a low share of foreigners… Allocating asylum seekers to places with limited immigration experience should be done with care (and include government) support for the local population," he said.
The European 'migrant crisis'
Refugee migration to Europe increased significantly from 2013 to 2015. German Chancellor Angela Merkel's promise to suspend the 'first country rule' under the Dublin Regulation and the outpouring of 'Willkommenskultur' across the country made Germany the preferred destination for a large share of the migrants.
While the reaction of the German public was by and large positive under Chancellor Merkel's 'Wir schaffen das' (We can do it) promise, isolated incidents of violence towards new arrivals also captured public attention.
The reasons for the violent outbreaks were many and varied, with some blaming poor economic conditions and others arguing that dormant German xenophobia was to blame.
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Q: I can't make scroll part of a web site I'm building a clone site of etherscan.io for learning programming.
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I'm newbie in programming.
I add CodePen link below for making you understand my code easily.
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Eleven Minutes Book By Paulo Coelho
Apr 02, · Paulo Coelho is one of my favorite authors. However, Eleven Minutes was really disappointing especially when Coelho referenced his other work (The Alchamist) within the story, it came off as arrogant. The story depicts a woman's fall into prostitution as a means of saving her pride after making some poor life choices.
It glorifies the sex industry/5(K). Free download or read online Eleven Minutes pdf (ePUB) book. The first edition of the novel was published inand was written by Paulo Coelho. The book was published in multiple languages including English, consists of pages and is available in Paperback format. The main characters of this fiction, romance story are Mariecke, Ralph/5. Aug 13, · About Book. Author: Paulo Coelho. Eleven Minutes is the story of Maria, a young girl from a Brazilian village, whose first innocent brushes with love leave her heartbroken.
At a tender age, she becomes convinced that she will never find true love, instead believing that "love is a terrible thing that will make you suffer". Feb 21, · Eleven Minutes Paulo Coelho pdf free download is another masterpiece by Paulo Cohelo, the writer of The Alchemist. Eleven minutes is a novel that tells how life is changed in a short piece of time when something unusual happens in our lives. The eleven minutes is a novel about a Brazilian girl whose dreams. PAULO COELHO ELEVEN MINUTES Translated from the Portuguese by Margaret Jull Costa O, Mary, conceived without sin, pray for us who turn to you.
Amen. DEDICATION On 29th Mayjust hours before I put the finishing touches to this book, I visited the Grotto in Lourdes, in France, to fill a few bottles with miraculous water from the spring/5(18). Jun 27, · "Eleven minutes" narrates the story of young beautiful Brazilian girl who has numerours dreams about the comfy and lavish life like any other teenage girl but who has grown up restricting herself since the childhood.
The author explains the chaos. This detailed literature summary also contains Topics for Discussion and a Free Quiz on Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho. Eleven Minutes is the story of a young girl named Maria who leaves her Brazilian home to go to Geneva, Switzerland, in hopes of great adventure and great love.
Sep 11, · Buy ELEVEN MINUTES New Ed by Coelho, Paulo (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders/5(). Mar 04, · Paulo Coelho Eleven Minutes Read Online with Free Download.
Paulo Coelho is a Brazilian author or novelist who wrote Eleven Minutes that was first published in This book is based on a Brazilian prostitute named Maria, whose first. Mar 29, · Paulo Coelho, born in Rio de Janeiro inis one of the bestselling and most influential authors in the world. The Alchemist, The Pilgrimage, The Valkyries, Brida, Veronika Decides to Die, Eleven Minutes, The Zahir, The Witch of Portobello, The Winner Stands Alone, Aleph, Manuscript Found in Accra, and Adultery, among others, have sold over million copies worldwide, and The /5().
Mar 06, · About the Author Paulo Coelho: This man needs no introduction. Paulo Coelho is a Brazilian author, philanthropist, and one of the greatest novelists ever lived. He is known for many great books including The Alchemist, The Zahir, Eleven Minutes, the Pilgrimage and much more.
Paulo is one of the very few writers to have their books translated /5. Paulo Coelho and Eleven Minutes. Recently I read a book Eleven Minutes written by Paulo Coelho in After reading his other bestselling books such as The Alchemist, The Pilgrimage, The Zahir and Brida, I was so excited right when I got Eleven Minutes in my hand. Like any other Paulo Coelho writings, this book captivated my attention right.
Eleven Minutes I read this book two years ago and re-read it occasionally even now. I loved that Paulo Coelho was able to give such an accurate account of a young woman's hopes and dreams and the book was a delight to read.
The ending was weak and sentimental Read More rinki. May 26, · Written by Paulo Coelho Eleven Minutes is a fiction novel that reveals a never-heard-before fact that a prostitute deserves to be a protagonist in a fairytale. The author has brilliantly illustrated the story of a Brazilian prostitute who is driven by the disappointments of a longing for lost love.
Aug 10, · 20 Must read Lines of Paulo Coelho from Eleven Minutes - Duration: Insightful quotes 2, views. Coelho: "Eleven Minutes" Book Review - Duration: Paulo Coelho & Christina Oiticica Foundation. Eleven Minutes is the story of Maria, a young girl from a Brazilian village, whose first innocent brushes with love leave her xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ai a tender age, she becomes convinced that she will never find true love, instead believing that "love is a terrible thing that will make you suffer ".
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Read Book Excerpt: Eleven Minutes is the story of Maria, a. What made the experience of listening to Eleven Minutes the most enjoyable? This is my second book by Paulo Coelho and it can only be discribe with one word PERFECT. Great story line, good examples of using the natural laws of the universe, just PERFECT. 5 people found this helpful. Eleven Minutes A Novel. by Paulo Coelho. On Sale: 03/29/ Format: Price: $ DESK & EXAM REQUESTS PURCHASE AT xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ai Reading Guide.
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Nov 11, · Exact title of book Eleven Minutes Book author Paulo Coelho ISBN Publisher HarperCollins Publishers Published Mar 29, Language English Format PDF, FB2, EPUB, MOBI Pages File size (in PDF) kB. Some brief overview of xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ais: 3. Eleven Minutes: A Novel by Paulo Coelho. Digital Rights Management (DRM) The publisher has supplied this book in encrypted form, which means that you need to install free software in order to unlock and read it.
Dec 26, · Paulo Coelho is actually quite a bestseller-producer, with 50 million books sold worldwide. His most famous work is "The Alchemist", which I've also read a couple of years ago, after a warm recommendation by Anna. In some ways my impression from "Eleven minutes" is similar to "The Alchemist".
The book is written very well, it's readable and. Buy Eleven Minutes by Coelho, Paulo (ISBN: ) from Amazon's Book Store. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ais: Jun 03, · Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho Hey guys welcome to the book review of Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho.
The Plot "Love is a terrible thing that will make you suffer " So says Maria, a young Brazilian girl convinced from an early age that she. Eleven Minutes - Ebook written by Paulo Coelho. Read this book using Google Play Books app on your PC, android, iOS devices.
Download for offline reading, highlight, bookmark or take notes while you read Eleven Minutes/5(). Sep 20, · Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho, translated by Margaret Jull Costa pp, HarperCollins, £ They're tosh, of course.
But are the mystical parables and spiritual musings of Paulo Coelho. Click to read more about Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho. LibraryThing is a cataloging and social networking site for booklovers/5(82). ELEVEN MINUTES Paulo Coelho, Author, trans. from the Portuguese by Margaret Jull Costa. HarperCollins $ (p) ISBN there was a. May 21, · After all, this is Paulo Coelho novel we are talking about, so it needs its dose of philosophical and mystical contemplations to round off the distinctive Coelho flavor.
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Eleven Minutes: The novel by Brazilian writer Paulo Coelho based around a young prostitute named Maria. The novel explores the sacred nature of sex and love. Coelho was born in Rio de Janeiro on August 24, Mar 20, · Eleven minutes 'Eleven minutes' is the masterpiece of Brazilian bestselling author Paulo Coelho.
This novel is based on a fictional account of a woman named Maria who lives in Rio, but moves to Geneva. She is poor and has to do menial jobs to Reviews: 1K. Nov 27, · a visual presentation preview of Paulo Coelho's novel "11 Minutes" Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho (sex, prostitution, Books to learn Libros para Aprenderviews.
Apr 12, · Hey Rachita! Since I read it long back and and my memory is not that good so I can't give you a complete review for the book. But as much I remember, the book had two tales to tell. One was the story of a girl who wanted to explore the world, and. Apr 01, · Eleven Minutes, while reminding us that sex is sacred, is more persuasively written, perhaps because it feels taken from a real life. Coelho says his story was born when a prostitute named Maria (or Sonia) approached him and asked if he knew what it was like to live without love.
Brazilian author Paulo Coelho broke sacred ground -- and crossed over into worldwide fame as an author -- with his symbolic masterpiece, The xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ai then, Coelho has dedicated his work to the ideal of helping people to follow their wildest dreams. Paulo Coelho is truly quite bestseller-producer, with Three hundred and fifty million books oversubscribed worldwide. His most celebrated work is "The Alchemist", which I've read back in high school.
In some ways that my impression from "Eleven Minutes" is. Eleven Minutes: A Novel (P.S.) by Paulo Coelho; Margaret Jull Costa [Translator] and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ai Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho - AbeBooks xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ai Passion for books.
Sign On My Account Basket Help. Eleven Minutes is the story of Maria, a young girl from a Brazilian village, whose first innocent brushes with love leave her heartbroken. At a tender age, she becomes convinced that she will never find true love, instead believing that "love is a terrible thing that will make you suffer.".
Very good. Eleven Minutes: A Novel (P.S.) Paulo Coelho Paperback Used - Very Good. Eleven Minutes: A Novel (P.S.) Paulo Coelho Paperback Publisher: Harper Perennial Mar 29 Edition: ISBN: Description: Used - Very Good Very Good condition. With remainder mark.
Internal SKU: R05P Wonder Book is a top rated plus seller in. May 17, · eleven minutes Paulo Coelho de Souza, born on 24 th August, is a Brazilian lyricist and novelist. When Coelho was 38 years old, he had a spiritual awakening in Spain and wrote about it in his first book, The Pilgrimage. Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho starting at $ Eleven Minutes has 9 available editions to buy at Half Price Books Marketplace Same Low Prices, Bigger Selection, More Fun Shop the All-New xn----7sbabhdjm5bc4be1amle.xn--p1ai!
Read "Eleven Minutes", by Paulo Coelho online on Bookmate – Eleven Minutes is the story of Maria, a young girl from a Brazilian village, whose first innocent brushes with love leave her heartbroken. A. Sep 16, · Book Review: Eleven Minutes by Paulo Coelho September 16, September 16, / missemily 'It was only when I met the prostitute who would provide the connecting thread for this novel that I realized: in order to write about sublime sex, I.
This is gripping and darling new novel sensitively explorise the sacred nature of sex and love. Eleven minutes is novel by Brazilian novelist paulo Coelho that recount the experience and her journey to self realisation through sexual experience. Maria a young girl from a village of Br. May 11, · Paulo Coelho Writer Official Site. 11 minutes of sex. May 11, by Paulo Coelho.
And because of those eleven minutes in any one twenty-four-hour day (assuming that they all made love to their wives every day, which is patently absurd and a complete lie) they got married, supported a family, put up with screaming kids, thought up.
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These succulent crab cakes are bursting with exceptional sweet taste and tender, delicate texture. Making these hors d'oeuvres a great touch for a cocktail party or any celebration!
Crab Special, Red Pepper, Green Pepper, Poblano Pepper, Onion, Mayonnaise (soybean oil- egg yolks- water- corn syrup- less than 2% distilled vinegar- salt- apple cedar- vinegar- spice- lemon juice concentrate- calcium disodium EDTA (to protect flavor)- eggs)- Dijon (water- mustard seed- vinegar- salt- potassium metabisulfite (as preservative)- citric acid)- Garlic, Margarine (liquid soybean oil, partially hydrogenated, water, salt, soybean, lecithin, vegetable mono and diglycerides, sodium benzoate as a preservative, artificial flavor, colored with beta-carotene, vitamin A palmitate added)- Parsley, Salt (Salt, Yellow prussiate of soda)- White Pepper, Red Pepper Flakes, Panko (Wheat flour, contains 2% or less of the following: sugar, yeast, partially hydrogenated soybean oil, salt, calcium propianate (to protect freshness)- Liquid Eggs (egg whites- guar gum- triethyl citrate- (added as whipping aids)- pasteurized and homogenized)- Flour (wheat flour- enzyme- niacin- reduced iron- thiamine- mononitrate riboflavin- folic acid).


DITA – A framework for scientific publishing?
There are two industry recognised standards for XML based documentation. These are Docbook and DITA (Darwin Information Typing Architecture).
Docbook is the older of the two specifications and created specifically for technical documentation. DITA, is a younger specification which grew out of IBM, and is referred to as having its own architecture and was designed to provide structure to more than just a book. Both specifications are OASIS standards.
A topic can exist as a single XML file which can be composed into any arrangement for publication through the use of a document map. A DITA structure would present a more flexible architecture where the same "topic", i.e a journal article section, such as an abstract, materials and methods, or results, could be included with ease more than one publication, correctly referenced. In this respect DITA is more like an object-oriented document schema, and can be more easily repurposed (in terms of structure) for any output format (i.e pdf, HTML). In the same respect, Docbook can be configured with some work to behave on a more topic by topic basis and DITA can support a book based methodology. They are after all both XML schemas and are equally extensible or open to specialisation.
As its a standard, whole ecosystems have emerged which makes use of the DITA architecture. For example, DITA for publishers provides libraries to convert DITA markup into HTML, PDF, EPUB, and Kindle rendering support. This allows content structures in DITA to be repurposed for different audiences or different devices with relative ease.
I have recently started using DITA as an architecture to represent content, primarily designed for books. However, with new demands appearing for different delivery mechanisms of the traditional textbook, such as Web delivery and ebooks, DITA is proving to be immensely powerful to deliver the same content through different mediums with relative ease and speed. In using it, it seems obvious that a DITA architecture would benefit the representation of content within a journal article, allowing references re-purposing and multiple format delivery. Maybe a topic for discussion through the Beyond the PDF forum.
In the end, it's just XML, so I wont repeat the virtues of content markup through XML. However, for me its main advantage is the object oriented -like topic structure as a working architecture.
On looking at the date on my last post, shamefully I realised I have not posted for over a year. Most, well all, of my activity has been via twitter and FriendFeed. The reason for the lack of posts is also related to why I started bloging in the first place. I created this blog when I was a Phd student and maintained it while I was a postdoc to discuss work, ideas and problems. With my move to the biotech industry I was not able to post so freely on work related issues.
I have now moved from being in the biotech industry to the publishing industry (see About page) and I think I am in a position to blog a bit more freely than I have been previously. So with this in mind I have been doing some housekeeping. I have updated my about page accordingly. I have updated my publication page via referencing my Mendeley public profile, as opposed to referencing my CiteULike profile.
Maybe my top referring search term "is peanutbutter good for you health" will start to be replaced with more informatics relevant topics.
This is a cross-posted , two-author item available both from this and Allyson's blog.
Often the words "attribution" and "citation" are used interchangeably. However, in the context of ensuring your work gets the referencing it deserves when others make use of it, it is important that the differences between these two concepts are clear. This article outlines the differences between attribution and citation, and suggests that what most scientists are interested in is not attribution, which can be ensured via licensing restrictions, but instead citation, which is a much tougher nut to crack.
At ISMB last week, there were a number of conversations about the difference between attribution and citation. This topic was brought up again yesterday in a conversation between the two authors of this post, Frank and Allyson. It is an important distinction which is explored in this post.
First, some definitions for attribution and citation. These are not the only definitions possible, but for the purposes of this discussion, please keep these in mind.
Attribution: Acknowledgement of the use of someone else's information, data, or other work. Crucially, while Wikipedia has a fairly straightforward definition of citation, it does NOT mention even common ways that attribution should be implemented (see Wikipedia attribution page).
Citation: When you publish a paper that makes use of someone else's information (data, ontology, etc.), you include in that paper a reference to the work of that other person or group. Wikipedia states that it is a "reference to a published or unpublished source" whose prime purpose is of "intellectual honesty".
Distinguishing between attribution and citation.
You can imagine that citation is a specific type of attribution, but attribution itself can be performed in any number of ways. For scientists, citation is much more useful to their careers as a result of the publish or perish environment.
So, what could attribution consist of? First, let's take as an example the re-use of someone else's ontology or specific sub-parts or classes of that ontology. Each class in an ontology is identified by a URI. Therefore, is importing the URI enough? With a URI is it clear where you got the class from? If it's not enough, where do you put that reference or statement that you are re-using other classes: within the overall metadata of your own ontology? Alternatively, when attributing data is a reference to the originating paper or URL from where you downloaded the data enough? Where do you put that reference: within the metadata of your own document? As a citation? How much is enough attribution?
These questions cannot easily be answered.
A common-sense answer to the question of properly fulfilling requirements is to, at a minimum, first cite their information in your paper, and second include URL(s)/URI(s) in your metadata. But here we get to the crux of the matter: we've now stated that a useful way to ensure attribution is to cite the other person. But, if you think carefully, what's more important for your impact assessments, and your work? It's actually the citation itself. Sure, acknowledgement via extra referencing in the metadata of the person using your information is great, but what you really need is a citation in their work. If we aren't careful, we will all make the easy mistake of conflating citation in papers with importing a licensed piece of information and how to mark its inclusion: the former is what we often are scored on and what we would really like, while the latter is the only thing a license enforces. Licensing with attribution requirements is not citation; you can make use of a licensed ontology, but this does not require you to cite it in a paper.
Important point: It's easy to use a license such as the CC-BY, thinking that you'll ensure citation, when in fact all you're doing is ensuring attribution.
What are the implications of attribution? It can quickly get out-of-control and difficult to manage.
By requiring attribution in an ontology or data file, if someone imports information (such as a class from an ontology) into their own document, the new one must attribute the original. Continuing the ontology analogy, if there are 20-30 ontologies being used for a single project (which is not inconceivable in the coming years), there could be great difficulty in maintaining attribution for them all.
Important point: While licenses such as the CC-BY allow the attribution to be performed "in the manner specified by the author or licensor", this could lead to 30 different licensors requiring potentially 30 different methods of attribution, and attribution stacking isn't pretty.
Can citation be assured? No. Well, maybe.
You can imagine citation as a gentlemen's club, as propriety dictates that you should cite another's work that you use, but there is no legal requirement to do so. Indeed, many believe that citation should not be enforced anyway. In contrast, attribution as required by licenses is a legal statement. However, let's revisit the clause in CC-BY that states the author/licensor can specify the manner in which the attribution is given.
Important point: Could you use a license such as CC-BY, and state that the attribution must come in the form of, at a minimum, citation in the paper which describes the work being performed by the licensee?
Bottom line: which one is more important to you, as a scientist? Depends on the context.
This is difficult to answer. There aren't very many guidelines available for us to analyse. The OBO Foundry does have a set of principles, the first of which states that "their [the ontology(ies) and their classes] original source is always credited and that after any external alterations, they must never be redistributed under the same name or with the same identifiers". However, how this credit is attained is unclear, as described in various blog posts (Allyson, Frank, Melanie). As a result, the following conclusions came out of the OBO Foundry workshop this summer (Monday outcomes): it is "unclear if each ontology should develop their own bespoke license or use develop 'CC-by'; how to give attribution? Generally use own judgment, here MIREOT mechanism can help when importing external terms into an ontology, giving class level attribution" (MIREOT web page, see also OWLED 2008 paper). Therefore, while they are aware of the problem, they don't offer a consensus solution(s).
The flipside of this is that in order to use an ontology, you first have to write a paper and cite the classes you wish to import, then get on with the work. If you never get a paper and therefore a citation, is you ontology/data illegal? If you take the example of OBI, which imports several other ontologies and is an open community of developers, would a license restriction requiring citation actually prevent the work starting? This is probably a bit of a chicken-and-egg scenario, if it were ever to come a reality. In short, while there are some tempting possibilities, there doesn't yet seem to be a useful solution.
In summary, it's generally not attribution that people want (which can be licensed, even if you don't like the layers of attribution that will require once you're using multiple sources) but citation, which isn't so easily licensed – yet. When deciding what sort of license to use (e.g. an open one like CC0 or an attribution-based one like CC-BY), you need to take into account expected usage. In some cases, for a leaf ontology, perhaps CC-BY is appropriate, as it isn't intended to be imported by others, but you never know when your leaf will turn into something others import. Science Commons also believes that attribution is a very different beast, and shouldn't be required when licensing data. They provided me with an answer to how to license ontologies recently that favored CC0.
So, if you really want citation and not attribution, consider an open license such as CC0 and make a gentlemanly (gentle-science-person-ly) request that if someone uses it AND publishes a paper on it, please cite it in the way you suggest. Alternatively, I'd be interested to hear if it would be possible to use an attribution-based license such as CC-BY and then require the attribution method be citation in a paper. Would this method work, and would it be polite? Your comments, please.
This week, is a week long ontology building week, consisting of two days at the OBO Foundry workshop followed by 4 days at the OBI workshop, all hosted at the EBI. In advance of the meeting (even though I am writing this during the meeting) Duncan asked "how can the ontology development principles be improved". Ally and Melanie responded commenting on each principle, and I would pretty much agree with every issue the ontology ladies raise. These principles should be used to guide ontology developers to build a consistent resource and which are used to "peer-review" the ontology. However, my concern is that there is no indication or recommended methodology in how these principles could be met, during the development process. This was my motivation for reviewing all the existing documented methodologies are assess there applicability (shameless plug), as I think it is important to remember that the members of the OBO Foundry are not the first people in the world to build ontologies and we should make use of known and documented expertise where possible instead of re-inventing the wheel. These are my take on the principles below. However, I would recommend reading Ally's and Melanie's first as I have tried not to repeat what they have already said. Although, as Duncan and the ontology ladies have independently arrived at mostly the same conclusions, there is a very real need to address or more explicitly state, these set of principles.
1.The ontology must be open and available to be used by all without any constraint other than (a) its origin must be acknowledged and (b) it is not to be altered and subsequently redistributed under the original name or with the same identifiers.
Licenses – This is always a touchy subject, within the life-sciences and IMHO largely due to a mis-understanding of what a license is actually for. Being open in the sciences is often mis-interpreted as "you can use it, but you have to attribute me". This is actually not being open. The attribution aspect is actually a restriction. The principle of the OBO foundry is that there will be hundreds of separate and orthogonal ontologies that will all refer and reference each other. If every single ontology has to be attributed this will become a large overhead. In addition, if we do insist on attribution, how do we acknowledge the use? An official statement? Is importing the URI enough? This aspect of the principles really needs to be explicit and clearly stated. Making use of licenses that already exist may be a good starting point, rather than trying to define a bespoke OBO Foundry license. Two possibilities are Creative Commons – Attribution or CCO. The current OBO principles seem to merge these two licenses together. An explicit statement on licenses is really needed. Ally covers this in more detail on her post.
2. The ontology is in, or can be expressed in, a common shared syntax. This may be either the OBO syntax, extensions of this syntax, or OWL.
mm, this is confusing "expressed in a common shared syntax", but you can use either OBO or OWL that would be two different syntax – no? Either the OBO foundry are in a shared syntax, or they are in OBO or OWL.
3. The ontologies possesses a unique identifier space within the OBO Foundry.
4. The ontology provider has procedures for identifying distinct successive versions.
This is a good statement and version of ontologies definitely need to be identified. As Ally mentions, we probably do not want to legislate which versioning system to use (svn, git etc). However maybe a recommendation of which to use and what constitutes a change may be helpful.
5. The ontology has a clearly specified and clearly delineated content.
How would you describe this to your users or developers? In ontology development this is traditionally called defining your scope. Your scope can be described by competency questions – questions your ontology should answer.
6.The ontologies include textual definitions for all terms.
A definition of a class in the ontology is its assertion in the hierarchy and all the logical restrictions, it can also include a natural language definition. I would re-word this to " The classes in the ontology shoud have a natural language definition which reflection the logical definition of the class".
7.The ontology uses relations which are unambiguously defined following the pattern of definitions laid down in the OBO Relation Ontology.
8. The ontology is well documented.
Not really sure what this actually means or how to implement it. There are a set of naming recommendations within the OBO Foundry, is this what it is referring to? There are also metadata recommendation from OBI, is this the same thing?
9.The ontology has a plurality of independent users.
Why is this important as a principle for inclusion? Is listing on the OBO Foundry not an attempt to gain wider use? Are the computational users? is a user an individual, a lab, a project, community?
10.The ontology will be developed collaboratively with other OBO Foundry members.
Why? Is this really a guiding development policy? What does collaboratively mean? In terms of the license? Does branching in a versioning repository count as collaborative development? I would suggest that if we get the terms of the license explicit an the idea of the Foundry then this principle is probably not necessary to be stated.
These comments are more a mix questions for debate rather than any clear cut corrections.
I'm taking a trip to Cambridge between June 7th and June 12th.


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Home > Getting Paid For Writing > The Rewrite Request
The Rewrite Request
By: Angelique Caffrey - Updated: 29 Aug 2012 | *Discuss
You hand in what you consider to be a polished, final draft to your editor; however, a few days later, he or she requests a rewrite. You suddenly are filled with mixed emotions; after all, you thought your document was finished.
In cases where you're asked to redo a manuscript, you need to focus on the positives of the situation and not the negatives. Often, writers' first thoughts are, "Why wasn't my work good enough?" Instead, the professional author takes control of the situation and moves beyond self-doubt into action.
Below are some steps to take when your editor or supervisor returns your writing with a note calling for a rewrite.
Find Out Exactly What Your Editor Wants
Don't assume that your editor wants a complete rewrite. In fact, don't assume anything. Instead, pick up the phone or send an email asking detailed questions, such as:
Can you give me some insight as to what elements of my story need to be reworked?
Are there any particular aspects of my essay that you'd like me to concentrate on during the rewriting process?
How soon would you like the rewrite on your desk (or in your email)?
By asking for specifics, you won't end up wasting your time (or anyone else's). You may even discover that your editor only needs a small section of the piece rewritten; but you'll never know until you ask.
Resist The Temptation to Argue With Your Editor
We all want to think that we know what's best, but if your editor doesn't agree, try to make every effort to give him or her the product he or she needs. You may disagree on some points (such as whether a quote adds to overall substance of the piece), but choose your battles wisely, especially if this is the first time you're working with this agent, publisher, newspaper, magazine, or website.
If you truly feel that your editor is making a huge mistake by encouraging you to rewrite your article, you may have to accept that you cannot work with him or her. In this case, you always have the option to withdraw your submission and try to sell it elsewhere (if it hasn't been accepted and you're a freelancer), but it's best to at least hear your editor out.
Accept That You May be Asked to Complete More Than One Rewrite
The truth is, rewrites are common in the writing industry. In fact, you may be asked to rewrite your rewrite. Many novice journalists are shocked by this development, but quickly come to realise that it's simply part of the territory.
Just keep in mind that when an editor is asking for a rewrite, it doesn't mean he or she is rejecting you; it's actually quite the opposite. He or she trusts that you will professionally develop a more suitable piece for his or her publication. Consider it a compliment, not a rebuff. Most of all, try to learn more about yourself and stretch your writing acumen in the process.
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Sri Lanka is a place where history seems to fade into the mist of legend. Is not Adam's Peak said to be the very place where Adam set foot on earth, having been sent out of heaven? Isn't that his footprint squarely on top of the mountain to prove it? Or is it the Buddha's footprint on Sri Pada? And isn't Adam's Bridge (the chain of islands linking Sri Lanka to India) the very series of stepping stones Rama, aided by his faithful ally, the monkey god Hanuman, stepped across in his mission to rescue Sita from the clutches of the Rawana,King of Lanka, in the epic Ramayana?
The first entries in the Mahavamsa – or "Great History" – date back to 543BC, which coincides with the arrival of Prince Vijaya in Sri Lanka. Some 300 years later, commenced the early Anuradhapura Period, with King Devanampiya Tissa as the first ruler. It was in this period that a sapling of the sacred Bo Tree, under which the Lord Buddha attained enlightenment, was brought to Sri Lanka. The late Anuradhapura Period, which began in the year 459, saw the reign of King Kasyapa, and the construction of Sigiriya.
The Polonnaruwa period, witnessed the transfer of the capital from Anuradhapura to Polonnaruwa in 1073. Famed explorer, Marco Polo, arrived in Sri Lanka in the period between 1254 and 1324, and, in 1505, the Portuguese landed, and occupied the island's coastal regions.


What are the best methods of content marketing and content writing?
So you're excited about what benefits content marketing can bring to your business, but most companies, individuals, and marketers struggle with how to implement or run their content marketing campaign on their website, here are a few pointers on how to successfully run it.
Blogging is the fastest way to turn your company into a sharing machine, which will be liked, tweeted, recommended and shared across the internet. Simply, an online version of word of mouth.
So if you had 50 people who viewed your website in any given month, creating 11 quality posts a month will increase your viewers to 150 per month and they don't have to be exceedingly long, a few decent paragraphs in each one should be sufficient as long as it is relevant, quality content.
"1. Give your audience a behind-the-scenes glimpse of your company.
Social media pages and accounts are one of the most valuable assets a company can have. Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn have all got a massive amount of people in your niche audience and other potential customers. So share your content with them, it will give them helpful information while at the same time increasing and establishing your credibility.
The time and effort you put into creating these blogs will be rewarded with your businesses reach being expanded through social shares and likes. Create content on your website, experiment by sharing it on your social media page, research which posts get the most likes and shares, then expand on those posts, reuse them and so on.
Write content that is worth reading.
Viewers have questions and problems that you should try to solve through your content. However, writing poorly constructed content is a good way to drive these viewers away.
61% of consumers say they feel better about a company that delivers custom content, they are also more likely to buy from that company.
(Source: Kapost) This is great for attracting visitors to your website as Google loves links and pages with content.
Interesting content is a top 3 reason people follow brands on social media.
Food for thought – the process of writing quality content.
Your content should have value, useful information, how to articles, be entertaining. It has to capture their attention and keep them reading on, entice them.
"How to" articles perform well for example.
Why? Do you ask, people are always seeking out new content and information, and blogs that answer people's questions are incredibly powerful.
People respond well to them and it also gives you credibility as an individual and as a business. The more you respond to questions your readers and buyers have the greater chance they will return to your website in the future. The more you can help your viewers and give them something that benefits them, the more they will favor your brand or business, and they will be more likely to share your content.
References, references and more references.
The fact is – people love facts.
Add research links to your blog, such as references, statistics, links to other blogs and articles where you got your information from. Using these will back up your blog. People will take you more seriously and it simplifies the reading process.
You want to gain trust from your readers, as a person, a brand, and a business. Backing up your claims with evidence makes your blog stronger.
Your audience is looking for information that will make their life easier, will answer their questions, and will inform them to make the right choice.
Use headlines that people catch onto, attention-grabbing headlines. You should try to solve their dilemma or problem and at the same time keep it interesting. It's easy to solve a problem that you know the solution to but it's even better if you can do it in an interesting way.
Let them know your opinions, but also let them know that they are your opinions, and if you have evidence to prove it then use references like I discussed earlier on.
As an expert in your particular industry or field, people will care about what you feel or think, nurture their curiosity and give them the truth. People are curious about the faces behind where they shop; giving professional opinions makes it more personal and gives them a sense of your personality.
Don't completely immerse your content in emotion, but writing content that brings out emotion can be effective.
A great blog on how to tap into emotions and boost your content marketing.
Emotion acts as a stimulator to the buying process, but don't make the reader feel like they are being manipulated.
A touch of emotion here and there will help you create memorable content and it will motivate them to share your content to justify their emotions.
Create content that makes your readers feel every emotion, not just one or two emotions. You don't have to be a novelist or an expert writer, as it is not hard adding a little bit of humor here and there to break up the seriousness.
Have a read of Jeff Bullas' case study on content marketing and using humor.
An example was how Virgin Airlines used an employee on a runway to guide a plane with drumsticks to say Merry Christmas to its employees and its customers.
But keep in mind that your humor should be relevant to your audience and should not offend.
Here are a few quotes from industry experts to get you thinking.
30 Content Marketing Words from the wise.
Who are your readers that are most likely to become your buyers or customers?
Your main priority is to write content that they want to consume, but at the same time doesn't quite feel like marketing.
What role does my ideal customer have in the workplace?
Where do they most commonly "hang out" online?
By answering these questions you can simplify the way in which you write content for them. You can use these answers to personalize your content, write in their language, appeal to their personality and move them to a closer purchasing decision.
For you to guide your customers and viewers to a purchase decision, ask yourself these questions: What is it about your product or service that will attract them to you? What problem does it aim to solve?
The reason for identifying your reader's pain points and why it is so important in your marketing strategy is because it has the ability to distinguish between ordinary customers and the right customers.
You want to make sure that the customers you are writing for, are customers that you can supply a product or service to and that you can satisfy their every need and solve their every problem, after all a happy customer is the right customer and they will never hurt your reputation.
Write content that can speak for your business, product or service when you are not there.
Write articles that strong and simple and that answer all there questions.
By thinking and acting this way you are able to produce a level of value to your relationship with your customer that is of an extremely high standard. This will separate you from your competition and will position you and your business in the most favorable way possible.
By using information that you have extracted out of previous popular posts and popular content from the internet, you can create posts that become more profitable.
It's important for you as a content writer on your website to stay clear of posts that promote your product alone and to aim for a more educational approach that helps, informs and so on. Think not so much sales pitch, more education.
The more you help the reader the more they will return to your blog or website, and ultimately convert them to a buyer.
So your creating engaging, informative content, and now you need to expose it to your audience. One of the best ways is to promote your content on social media.
Choose the right channel. Some content is perfect for Facebook, some for Twitter, and some are great for both. You should know your audience well enough to have an idea of what they want to see where. If not, experiment.
Post at the right times. Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn all have some built-in analytics. And if you're using social media management tools like Sprout Social, Hootsuite, or Buffer, you should also have access to information about what days and what times of day your audience is most active. Use that to your advantage.
Use hashtags (prudently). Although hashtags are easy to overdo, they're also a way to get new eyes on the content you're posting on social. Research what hashtags are relevant to your industry and go (but not more than two at a time, please).


text:
Dr Beric Croome
Advocate of the High Court of South Africa | Tax Author | Tax Accountant CA(SA) | Taxpayers' Rights | Tax Administration | Trust & Estate Specialist |
Tax Ombud: South Africa
Legal Disclaimers & Copyright
Tax Ombudsman's office to be created
On Friday, 0ctober 29 2010 the Commissioner of the South African Revenue Service released the draft Tax Administration Bill (TAB) for a second round of public comment. The TAB has been approved by cabinet and it was originally envisaged that it would be introduced to parliament during November 2010. An important amendment contained in the latest draft of the TAB, is the intention to create a Tax 0mbud's 0ffice in South Africa. (See HERE)
The press release issued by SARS at the time the TAB was released, states:
"A new framework for a Tax Ombud's Office to provide simple remedies to taxpayers affected by failures by SARS to fully respect taxpayers' rights. The framework draws on those of the Canadian Taxpayer Ombudsman and the UK Revenue Adjudicator. The creation of this office was foreshadowed when SARS introduced the new court rules and the SARS Service Monitoring Office in 2003, when the then Minister of Finance stated that— 'Once SARS's processes and procedures have improved sufficiently, the next important step that will be taken in emulating international standards will entail an important role for an Ombud."'
Thus, the most recent draft of the TAB now contains clauses 14 to 21, which create the legal framework to create a Tax Ombud's Office in South Africa.
The decision to create a Tax Ombud in South Africa must be welcomed and answers a call for its establishment made over many years by the Commission of Inquiry into the Tax Structure of South Africa, professional bodies and tax practitioners.
Left: The long-awaited Tax Ombudsman's Office will be created to help taxpayers and SARS resolve disputes.
Clause 14 of the TAB confers on the Minister of Finance the power to appoint a Tax Ombud for a period of three years, which term may be renewed. The Minister has also been conferred the power to determine the conditions regarding remuneration and allowances to be paid to the Ombud. The TAB, similarly, enables the Minister to remove the Ombud for any reason considered good and sufficient.
The TAB empowers the Minister to designate a person working in the Office of Tax Ombud as Acting Tax Ombud while there is a vacancy, and that person can act for no longer than a period of 90 days at a time.
The draft legislation requires that the person appointed as Tax Ombud is accountable to the Minister and must have a good background in customer service, as well as tax law. In addition, the person may not, at any time, have been convicted of theft, fraud, forgery or any offence involving dishonesty in the preceding five years.
Thus, the Tax Ombud will report to the Minister and not to the Commissioner: SARS, which should create the desired degree of independence.
In accordance with clause 15 of the TAB, the staff at the Office of the Tax Ombud is required to be employed under the provisions of the SARS Act and will be seconded from SARS. The Tax Ombud's Office will be funded out of the funds allocated to SARS.
The TAB provides that the Tax Ombud and the staff attached to that office are subject to confidentiality provisions which will be contained in Chapter 6 of the TAB, currently enshrined in s4 of the Income Tax Act, Act 58 of 1962, as amended (that is, the so-called "secrecy provisions").
The TAB prescribes the mandate of the Tax Ombud and provides that the Tax Ombud is charged with reviewing and addressing complaints by the taxpayers regarding a service matter or procedural or administrative matter arising from the application of the provisions of a Tax Act administered by SARS.
The Tax Ombud, in discharging his or her mandate, is required to undertake the following:
• Review a complaint and, if necessary, resolve it through mediation or conciliation;
• Act independently in resolving a complaint;
• Follow informal, fair and cost effective procedures in resolving a complaint;
• Provide information to a taxpayer about the mandate of the Tax Ombud and the procedures to pursue a complaint;
• Facilitate access by taxpayers to complaint resolution mechanisms within SARS to address complaints; and
• Identify and review systemic and emerging issues related to service matters or the application of the provisions of the TAB that impact negatively on taxpayers.
Clause 17 of the TAB makes it clear that the Tax Ombud may not review legislation or tax policy, or SARS policy or practice generally prevailing, or deal with any matter subject to objection and appeal under a fiscal statute, or any decision which is before the Tax Court. In those overseas countries where Tax Ombud Offices have been created, the resolution of legal disputes falls outside of the jurisdiction of the Tax Ombud and, in this respect, South Africa is adhering to the international norm.
The TAB provides that, once the Tax Ombud receives an issue falling within the Ombud's mandate, the Ombud may determine how the review of the taxpayer's complaint is to be conducted, and whether a review should be terminated before completion of the matter.
Currently, where taxpayers encounter administrative difficulties with SARS, it is necessary to raise the matter first with the official dealing with the taxpayer's affairs and failing resolution at that level, to refer the matter to the branch manager of the Receiver of Revenue office in question.
Only once that procedure has failed to resolve the matter, may the matter be escalated to the SARS Service Monitoring Office. Clause 18 of the TAB requires the taxpayer to exhaust available complaints resolution mechanisms in SARS before resorting to the Tax Ombud, unless there are compelling circumstances not to do so and this follows international practice.
It is provided that the Tax Ombud may entertain a request for assistance without exhausting SARS internal complaints procedures where the matter raises systemic issues or exhausting the complaints resolution mechanism will cause undue hardship to the taxpayer, or exhausting the SARS procedures is unlikely to produce a result within a period of time which the Tax Ombud considers reasonable.
In terms of clause 19 of the TAB, the Tax Ombud must report directly to the Minister and must submit an annual report to the Minister within five months of the end of SARS's financial year. In addition, the Tax Ombud is required to submit a report to the Commissioner: SARS, quarterly, or other intervals as may be agreed.
The annual report to be submitted by the Tax Ombud must contain a summary of at least ten of the most serious issues encounters by taxpayers, including a description of the nature of the issues.
Furthermore, the report must contain an inventory of the issues described for which action has been taken and the result of such action, and action that remains to be completed in the period during which each of them has remained unresolved.
Where no action has been taken, it is necessary to indicate the reasons for inaction on the taxpayer's complaint. Furthermore, the Tax Ombud's report must contain recommendations for administrative action as may be necessary to resolve problems encountered by taxpayers in dealing with SARS.
It is specifically required that the Tax Ombud must seek to resolve all issues within the Tax Ombud's mandate in an efficient and effective manner and communicate with any SARS officials that may be identified by SARS. It must be noted that the Tax Ombud's recommendations are not binding on taxpayers or SARS. This would appear to follow the international norm, but based on experience, it does appear that revenue authorities, generally, will follow the recommendations made by the Tax Ombud and it is hoped that this outcome will prevail in South Africa.
The confidentiality of information dealt with by the Tax Ombud is preserved at clause 21 of the TAB. However, information may be disclosed where the information disclosed does not directly or indirectly reveal the identity of the taxpayer to whom it relates. Where information is required by the TAB or any other Act of Parliament, it must be disclosed, but only for the purposes of such statutes.
It remains to be seen when the TAB will be introduced to parliament and will take effect. Clearly, the creation of the Tax Ombud should create an effective means whereby taxpayers can resolve administrative difficulties encountered in dealing with SARS, or where SARS has abused taxpayers' rights. It must be noted that the Tax Ombud has no jurisdiction to deal with objections and appeals and legal disputes, as is the case with Ombud's offices around the world.
It is unfortunate, though, that the Tax Ombud is not empowered to award costs or damages to taxpayers who have suffered financial loss as a result of the conduct of SARS and its officials.
 Dr Beric Croome is a tax executive with Edward Nathan Sonnenbergs. This article first appeared in the December 2010 issue of Without Prejudice
Posted by Beric Croome at 09:30
Labels: tax administration, tax ombud, tax ombudsman, without prejudice
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In Johannesburg it is


batgirl a girl who retrieves baseball bats discarded by hitters and acts as a team's general assistant.
Bathinette trademark for a folding portable bathtub for babies.
bathing cap a close-fitting cap of rubber, elastic, or the like, worn to keep the hair dry during swimming.
bathing suit a garment worn for swimming; swimsuit.
bath mat a rug or mat of absorbent or rubberized material used next to, or in, a bathtub.
bathrobe a loose garment worn before or after bathing, over nightwear, or casually in the home.
bathtub a large basin in which a person can sit and bathe.
bathyscaph a small, self-contained deep-sea research submarine with a spherical observation chamber mounted under the hull.
bathysphere a spherical diving chamber used for studying deep-sea life.
batiste a fine woven fabric used for clothing.
Baton Rouge the capital of Louisiana.


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NextQuiet at Christmas
FeaturedWriting
2020 Eliot Awards
Jake Meador	on December 28, 2020
Since 2017, I've made a habit of going back at the end of the year to review and recognize some of my favorite pieces in magazine and web writing from the past 12 months. Inspired by David Brooks's old Sydney Awards, I decided to launch the Eliot Awards at Mere O, named for T. S. Eliot, whose long-form essays have been enormously helpful to both myself and Mere O founding editor Matthew Lee Anderson. It's been an awful year in so many ways, but there has still been a lot of really outstanding work published. I'll be back tomorrow with Mere O's best of 2020 review that will cover some of our best pieces from the past 12 months.
The Terrible Mercy and Love of a Child's Casket by Leah Libresco Sargeant in The American Conservative
Leah's reported feature on Trappist monks in Iowa who make and give away wooden caskets for children who have died is a beautiful reflection on what good work actually is, according to Christianity, and how our commitment to such work inevitably changes us and the people around us.
The Confessions of Marcus Hutchins, the Hacker Who Saved the Internet by Andy Greenberg published in Wired
This piece tells the story of a basically self-taught UK hacker who saved the internet, went to jail, and then got out. It's a wild, fun ride that is exactly what a long-form reported feature ought to be.
I'm keeping a separate category for COVID-related stories because of how that story dominated the year.
Who Dies? by Sarah Jones, published in New York
Jones's piece in New York about her grandfather, who was killed by the coronavirus, is not just a touching reflection on family, but a searing indictment of America's frequently indifferent and inhumane response to the crisis.
"I Couldn't Do Anything" by Corina Knoll, Ali Watkins, and Michael Rothfeld in the New York Times
This feature looked at how doctors and nurses in cities hit hard by COVID-19 responded and how the extended stress of their jobs often led to mental health issues, even for health workers who had no prior history of mental illness.
Love in the Time of Coronavirus by Andy Crouch in Praxis Labs
I desperately wish the Christian response to COVID-19 had looked more like this.
A Time for Solidarity by Sean Illing published in Vox
Illing's piece used Albert Camus's novel, The Plague, to talk about what we owe to our fellow citizens and neighbors during a pandemic.
Floodplain by Matthew Loftus published in Plough
Loftus is a Mere O contributor and personal friend so I'm not objective, but this is another excellent piece that, in the same way as Crouch, exemplifies what I so wish the response to COVID had been in the American church.
Reported Features
The Prophecies of Q by Adrienne LaFrance published in The Atlantic
LaFrance's deep dive into Q is the best summary and explanation of the movement you're going to find.
The Immaculate Concussion by Julia Ioffe published in GQ
A long-form reported piece on a number of mysterious injuries separated by American diplomats and other government staff working abroad. It's fascinating, but mostly terrifying. But if you want to understand how technology may change espionage and foreign affairs more generally, it's an important piece.
The World's Most Technologically Sophisticated Genocide Is Happening in Xinjiang by Rayhan Asat and Yonah Diamond in Foreign Policy
This feature is one of the most comprehensive looks at what China is doing in Xinjiang and how it is using surveillance technology to assist in its work.
Castles in the Sky by Christina Lalanne in Atavist
Lalanne and her husband moved into a hundred year old San Francisco home and immediately began the work restoring it to its former glory—and that's how they stumbled across the story of separated lovers, Hans, the home's builder, and Anna, his childhood love who he was separated from as a teenager but never forgot.
A $60 Billion Housing Grab by Wall Street by Francesca Mari published in the New York Times
Mari's deep dive into the housing market produced some alarming finds about how the dream of home ownership is becoming ever more remote for many Americans. It also is an excellent explanation of how the system works and why Wall Street is able to do what it does to American housing.
Going the Distance (and Beyond) to Catch Marathon Cheaters by Gordy Megroz in Wired
This piece told the story of several marathon cheaters and documented how race officials were able to catch them.
The Enemies of Writing by George Packer published in The Atlantic
Packer's piece, published before COVID took hold in the US, is one of my favorite pieces of the past year because it talks about the kind of qualities and characteristics that any writer aspiring to serious work needs to cultivate within themselves—and it talks about why it is so hard to do that in our current context.
Against the Infinite Stimulus of Greed by Brad Littlejohn published in Ad Fontes
So I'll tack a disclaimer on here that Brad is a friend and blogger at Mere O, Onsi Kamel, who edited and published the piece, is a friend and an editor at Mere O, and I'm on the board of the Davenant Institute, which published the piece. All that being said: This is a fantastic exploration of how early Protestants, especially Martin Bucer, thought about greed, welfare, and work. Spoiler: They weren't what we'd call capitalists, but neither are they progressives. Read it. It's excellent.
Pickled Limes by Kalyanee Mam in Emergence Magazine
Mam's essay weaves together her mom's traditional pickled lime soup with a lengthy consideration of what it means to care for a loved one during times of great suffering and pain as the author reflects on her family's suffering under the Khmer Rouge and her own calling to care for her mother and husband, both of whom contracted COVID-19 early in the pandemic.
Classics for the People by Edith Hall in Aeon
Hall's essay is a historical study of working-class education in Britain that yields results that contradict much contemporary thinking about the relevance and accessibility of a classical education.
Individual and National Freedom: Toward a New Conservative Fusion by Brad Littlejohn in American Affairs
This piece by Brad is essential reading for anyone who wants to understand how conservatives ought to think about the role of freedom in the life of a nation.
The Designated Mourner by Fintan O'Toole in the New York Review of Books
This is the best single piece to capture Joe Biden's appeal as a political figure in post-Trump America.
Capitalism at Dusk by Robert Pippin published in The Point
A preeminent Hegel scholar on Hegel, Marx, and capitalism in the 21st century.
The Nuclear Family Was a Mistake by David Brooks in The Atlantic
Brooks' longform essay on the problems created by isolating one generation of a family from another is an excellent contribution to the ongoing conversation we're having in the US about the decline of family life.
The American Way of Life is Unsustainable by Emma Green in America
Green has long been one of our best religion reporters. Here she turns her considerable talents toward a reflective essay on how precarious the typical American lifestyle is.
The Beautiful Institution by Rabbi Jonathan Sacks published in Plough
This reflection from Rabbi Sacks, who died in the same month it was published, is one of the best things I've read on marriage.
Common Worlds, Common Sense, and the Digital Realm by Michael Sacasas published in The Convivial Society
This difficult-to-summarize piece from Sacasas, one of my favorite writers on technology and an occasional Mere O contributor, begins with Hannah Arendt's Human Condition before moving on to an extended reflection on how Arendt's work can help us understand the internet and, particularly, how digital tools change how we experience the world.
Tea Time by Lyman Stone in Plough
Lyman Stone on learning to pour tea, the goodness of creation and human culture, and how that should shape the way we understand the idea of 'Christian nationalism.'
Habits for Ideological Times by Sam Kimbriel published in Comment
What kind of habits make one able to resist the seductive and almost inescapable (in our day) lure of ideology? This essay is a fantastic answer to that question.
The Coronavirus and the Right's Scientific Counterrevolution by Ari Schulman in The New Republic
Schulman's piece is the single best introduction to how the American right came to approach science in the ways that it has.
Posted in: Featured, Writing
Interview With Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò
Quiet at Christmas
End of Year Pandemic Joy


Note: If you don't see the ToK tab, enable the ToK Worksheet under the Edit Group Settings page, which is accessible under the Overview tab. Make sure that you have selected the proper Year Group grade level. This will ensure that the proper prescribed titles are appearing.
Via the Theory of Knowledge tab in your IB group, you can access the ToK roster. Click on any student's name to access that student's ToK Worksheet. The ToK worksheet contains a portfolio of ToK documents, deadlines, and notes.
Students can edit their Prescribed Title by clicking Edit ToK Prescribed Title, on the top right.
After selecting a ToK prescribed title and entering an estimated number of words, click Save Project.
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By default, presentation marks are hidden from students.
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text:
FIRST LOOK: See Kristen Stewart in Male Drag For Sexy ELLE Pic
By Beth Anne Macaluso
Kristen Stewart in Elle Elle
In the June issue of ELLE (which hits newsstands May 22), Kristen Stewart stuns in a sexy photoshoot, during which she romances–herself?
With her hair slicked back, the actress, 22, lounges against a wall in a suit and suspenders, reaching for her female counterpart–also played by Stewart, wearing a leather skirt and crocodile-skin bustier.
In her interview with the mag, the notoriously private Twilight star refuses to give a straightforward answer when asked about a possible engagement to love Robert Pattinson. (The actress was recently spotted sporting a gold band on her index finger–leading fans to believe R-Pattz, 26, had put a ring on it).
PHOTOS: Kristen Stewart's style evolution
"Everyone wants to know. Everyone knows already," Stewart says, shutting down hopes of a more in-depth discussion. "It's ridiculous."
Kristen Stewart on Elle Elle
Though they've been together since 2009, it wasn't until last October Stewart finally confirmed their relationship–by accident.
PHOTOS: See Kristen and Rob strip for the final Twilight scene
Speaking to a GQ writer, she commented that, while in the U.K. for Snow White and The Huntsman filming, she hoped to explore the country more "because my boyfriend is English." (Realizing her mistake, the actress' sheepish reply was, "Come on guys, it's so obvious!")
Though her reticence drives fans crazy, her Snow White costar Charlize Theron tells ELLE Stewart's quiet, private ways are what make her special.
PHOTOS: Breaking Dawn stars' love lives
"That's what I like about Kristen," Theron shares. "All that fame and spotlight stuff is not her life. Her privacy is not going to be up for grabs. But man, because of that, she's going to be okay. She's one of the few who will have a very long, steady, amazing career."


The Aviation Africa Summit and Exhibition 2018 is under way in Cairo with over 980 delegates and visitors at the two-day event.
The conference has one main aim - securing strategy for Africa's success. Topics that will help to address this include cyber security, infrastructure investment, single skies, harnessing MRO development, women in aviation and how to survive in a competitive marketplace amongst many other sessions.
In his conference opening speech conference chairman Alan Peaford said: "On behalf of the organising team of Aviation Africa, I would like to thank His Excellency, Sherif Fathi, the Minister of Civil Aviation of Egypt, for his invitation to bring the Aviation Africa summit and exhibition to Cairo.
For me, it was very refreshing to meet a government minister who is an industry professional and who understands the particular needs of the air transport business and recognises the value of civil aviation to a country's economy and reputation - above the political demands that thwart so many ambitions in other countries.
It is perhaps no surprise then that there are so many people now employed in aviation in Egypt. Undoubtedly, the largest employer of all is the EgyptAir Group. From the flag carrier to the regional airline, from the aviation medical centre to the MRO, from training to ground services, in flight services, tourism and duty free from cargo carrying to supplementary industries. The support we have received from the EgyptAir Group, its component companies and its staff has been excellent and I would like to thank Mr Safwat Musallam, chairman of the holding company ,for leading that support and being out host sponsor.
I talked about the minister – himself a former chairman of EgyptAir holding company – and his hands-on approach. Indeed he was very clear when we first outlined the summit concept that there were certain things that we need to be covering, specifically security.
Egypt – like many other countries in the Middle East and Africa – are very conscious of the impact a single lapse in security, or failure to put robust systems in place can have on the travel market, trade, national economy and reputation.
Security is not just for the airlines or government officials. Security is the responsibility of all of us. With what is going on around us today we have never before needed to be aware of the challenges. We will be hearing later from global experts about the risks we face and the systems and processes that can reduce that risk.
We will also be talking airline business, from strategy, finance, MRO, training and another vital risk area – human resource. We are in great danger of becoming victims of our own success.
We can easily sit back on our recent successes. If we look at North Africa for example the four main aviation hubs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Egypt have contributed to the high growth rate of passenger traffic, increasing by 94%, 95%, 75% and 108% respectively from 2005 until 2015, according to data from the World Bank.
And lets remember Africa has one of the biggest populations in the world, yet its aviation industry is still small, representing only 2% of the global market.
In the last week or so we have heard that American regional airlines and even the Gulf's biggest player, Emirates, have had to cancel routes because of staff shortages.
Despite all of the attractions of lifestyle and tax free income, the Emirates solution has been investment in its own training academy to bring through first nationals and then overseas students to fill their need.
The UAE has been developing an 'aviation culture' through its schools and colleges for close to two decades. It is paying off.
Boeing has forecast that the airline market will more than double in the next 20 years in the Middle East and Africa with more than three thousand extra aircraft delivered before 2035 with sub-Saharan Africa looking at its fleet increasing from 720 aircraft to 1600.
Where do the engineers, the 23,000 NEW pilots, cabin crews, handlers, air traffic controllers, and aviation management come from.
Over 980 delegates and visitors are at the event from over 56 countries and include 220 personnel from 34 airlines and 50 speakers from across Africa and the international sector, as well as there being an exhibition hall made up of 118 aerospace companies including Gold Sponsors; Airbus, Boeing & GE Aviation and Silver Sponsors; AerCap, Bombardier, Dubai Aerospace Enterprise & Rolls-Royce.


I'm probably in the minority among the regulars here on FW but I really like True Blood. It's one show that I refuse to miss when it airs.
I'm on the fence about the show. I think it does some things right, but it overdoes many of its other elements to server some fantastical need for appearing too dark and sexual.