text:
Celedonio Galaviz
It's April sixth, two thousand eight. We are interviewing Celedonio Galaviz from Camarillo California and the interviewer is Pearl Cheser and Cestelia Steludio. PG: Mr. Galaviz... I wanted to ask you... In what year did you come here form Mexico? CG: 1956. PG: What area are you from? CG: Jalisco. PG: Oh Jalisco. What is the town called? CG: Guacopia el Alto, Jalisco. PG: When you came here, how did you know about the Braceros program? CG: How did I know? PG: Yes.. through the radio? During the first revolution... two men came to my town. This was big. We wanted to go work in the United States. Since they [Braceros] came up here, they have been earning money, being fed, and getting motivated to succeed. Twelve [men] came from that area. It was 1940... I was not married and I had no plans. Being from there, one got excited to learn about the Bracero program. In that time we used morrales, the ones that were made of leather, like bags right? En that time, there was a lot of money, his bag was full of money. And he walked form here to the garage and had to change arms, because that bag was so full of money. People started to notice that everyone from young to old started to immigrate. Some wanted to join the war. I wasn't ignorant. How could one go to war without knowing English? They needed immigrants because the workers from here were off to war. In 56 there was a list that came to us from Guadalajara. They needed two hundred men to go work in the United States. They had tickets for us. I came to be in charge of these groups of one hundred men... four groups. Thats when we got the name, "Braceros". PC: Where did they end up? CG: From here to San Diego. I was contracted in Spring Valley for three years. PC: I know Spring Valley. I was there a year ago. CG: Yeah? CS: What type of work were you doing? CG: All field work. I have been a farmer my whole life. I worked in the field in my country. I planted corn and beans, using oxen or mules or whatever. It was truly hard. In that time there were not tools like there are today. Today there are tractors and all that. But, people like this manner of harvesting. I was contracted for three years in Spring Valley. I got so accustomed to being there that I forgot all about the water problem. PC: What happened after those three years? I liked my boss. He helped me with my financial statements. In that time you needed a statement of earnings for the bank. The boss was responsible for the worker. I officially immigrated in seventy one. And... this is nothing more than bad luck. I have been in this country for more than fifty years ...and I never learned English. My story is difficult. There were two revolutions in Mexico ...and my father was in both. There were the cristeros. In that time there were no schools. The president of Mexico was Porfirio Díaz. He did not want the people went to school. The people wanted to read. They did not know how to read or how to teach themselves so the only goal they had was to find work. I did not go to school This was one of the many things that made it hard for me to learn English. When I got my green card, then they would give us our Mexican passport. Before that... in the 50's... I was in Texas. My wife taught me to read. I didn't know how. Before that I would write... I knew some letters... but I didn't understand all of them, but we communicated. When I tried to immigrate... I started to learn all the letters. I bought a newspaper every day in Tijuana to get practice. Thank God that at the consulate, they only made me read half a page. The consulate said to me "ok, you passed". Because when I was 35 years old I already lived here. I am ashamed I could never learn English. My mom is the same. She came here about 30 years ago she barley speaks English. She speaks enough to understand but she cannot converse well. You have to talk to her slowly for her to understand. She doesn't care. The funny part is that when they give someone a citizenship test, it is asked that they read and write in English. She was like a student. For a few weeks she wrote and spoke because she knew they were going to give her an English test. When the test passed... she stopped studying. When one studies... they only study for that purpose. I studied for five years, but not anymore. PC: Did you meet your wife in the United States? CG: No, she is from Mexico. She is from a ranch. In 91' I became a citizen too. And I have been a citizen for more than 20 years. PG: How old are you? CG: What? PG: How old are you? When were you born? CG: 1921. PG: Born in 1921. CG: I am 87. PG: How many children do you have? CG: Seven. Look, some of them are in that portrait. Three daughters and four sons. PG: All good-looking. CG: One is 60 years old. PG: Congratulations. PG: How was your boss during the Braceros program? How did he treat you? CG: Very good... Very good, because my bosses were Japanese... I will tell you when you want me to. I love them, even though they are of another race. It is because of them that me and my sons, and many others are here. Because of their abilities, they helped me, perhaps they helped me too much. PG: Did they provide you with they place you were living? CG: No, they just had a house there. We had a stove, a refrigerator, we all had beds, but we only had one room. In the end, we had everything we needed. PG: Was the house for their family, or many people? CG: When I was a Bracero, after I came to San Diego... a friend recommended a job here in Somis. I worked here 27 years and had great bosses. My wife and I thank God for these great bosses. My wife had a house close by, her own private house. In that time things were cheap. Now, my kids have houses. They pay three or four thousand per month When I worked In the fields, I earned 75 cents per hour. In that time, money was worth something. PG: Did they always pay you on time? CG: Yes. PG: When you came to Somis, was it also with the Bracero Program, or apart from the program? CG: No, I had already officially immigrated. After time passed, I was no longer interested in the Bracero program, it was mostly for those with no citizenship. When I was a bracero I spent one week in the country, one week out. It was 18 months of solid work. But, now the Bracero program has ended. CS: When your contract was up, did you return to Mexico. What did you do while waiting for a new contract? CG: When the first 18 month contract ended... I went back to my hometown in Mexico... I was there for a month. My friend lived in Tijuana, he was in charge of letting me know when there were new Braceros again. One day he told me to come to Tijuana to see the incoming braceros. I then came back and obtained two more contracts of six months... ...and the total was 18 months? CS: With the same boss every time? CG: Yes. CS: How many days per week did you work? CG: Monday to Friday CS: How many hours a day? CG: I don't exactly remember... eight. PC: What was a normal work day like? CG: We planted tomatoes... we also planted peas, cucumbers and squash... squash like this. That was the work that we did there. We also harvested tomatoes and cucumbers when they were ripe. My work was hard. All field work Its the hardest work that there is. Like I said, where I come from it was not that easy to just go to school. PG: What type of work did you do when you lived in Mexico? CG: I planted corn and beans. For example, there are walls that are around houses, there they call them borders. I also built walls around houses with rock from a quarry. I did that work too. Like I said, it was also hard work. PG: Tell me about the food you ate in the bracero program. CG: When? PG: When you were in the Bracero program, did the bosses provide food? CG: No. Those that lived in work camps were given food. I was not in a work camp. Working for my boss, I had everything I needed there. I bought the food I wanted to eat. Because we were close, we went from San Diego to Tijuana and brought back the food that we were accustomed to eating. I was never in the camps myself. My friends were. Every month an inspector came to make sure that the workers were getting paid on time and that they were getting fed well. Everything was very correct. In 1971 I came to Somis. This boss had a house and three workers. The place was a little farm on the way to Santa Paula. I went with the foreman. Here, people cultivated lime, orange and thats all the work that there is here. We planted avocado too. Like I said, I was never in the camps. PG: Why did some stay in camps and others, homes? CG: Because there were some bosses who needed 20 or 30 men or more. In the first ranch there were 70 men . On the smaller ranch, there were three or four men. These guys did not live in work camps because they gave them... Like I said, where I was, we had a house, a bed and everything else, except food, which we bought. But in that time it was not the way it is now. Now you can go to whatever store and find tortillas and other Mexican food. In that time the only thing that you would see were sacks of flour 25 pounds, thats the only thing that there was. There was not a flour tortilla or corn tortilla in the stores. Nothing! PG: So what did you eat? CS: He said he was close to Tijuana. CG: I went to Tijuana and bought what I was accustomed to eating. PG: Luckily you were close. CS: There were beans and meat and everything that one eats. I brought it all back, and we could cross the border with it. We cooked corn. One day a friend and I bought meat. That day, the guy said "let's go eat early ...we'll get a piece of meat" For example, it was a piece like this, a slice. CS: Dry? CG: Dry. We tried to eat some of it, we were accustomed to eating meat. We hung it and it knotted. I was hungry but didn't eat this meat because it was horse or donkey meat or something. It became knotted...we threw it away. But like I said, we brought everything back from there, like I said. In that time... I understand that the braceros started in the forties and I was one of the last to come over. In that time, almost all of us were in the work camps. Well...in the work camps, you eat what they give you... wether you like it or not. Like I said, we were close to México so we got to go and bring back what we wanted to eat. CS: What did you do for fun? Was there radio or television? CG: We had radio. You know what...television started to come out later. Like I said, In this time, there wasn't very much with which to entertain yourself. Like I say, what you know, you know, and what you don't know, you don't know. We talked, there are still people that pass the night talking. For example, there are people that chat.. people that are 50 or 60 years old. But, this is one thing and that's another... about Mexico. Truthfully, that's what they did. I don't want to tell you that you are wrong, but... you are talking about 60 or 50 years ago. I am seventy... almost 80 years wise, because I don't remember very much from when I was 7 years old. Like I said, for the people who grew up here, like my children, who are not even familiar with the place where we come from, there was never a chance to take them. They are not familiar with it at all, at all, they just don't know. PC: Have you returned to your birthplace? CG: Me? CG: Last time I went was in 85'. Now we don't go In this country, like they say, milk and honey flow like water. Its the richest country in the world, thats why everyone wants to be here. In other countries there is a lot of need and a lot of hunger, its bad to say it, but its the truth. Like I said, the youth of Mexico, want to come here. When they are here, they have money. Like we say in Mexico, here people get everything on a silver platter. They don't know what it takes. I remember a little while ago, no more than about five or six years ago... somebody was talking about the farmers, a congressman. It was on T.V. They said "Where do people think that this lettuce comes from? Where do they think these vegetables on their tables come from?" Its these poor farm Its these poor farmers that break their backs. And in going from one place to another, people understand that it's the truth. And my kids, and some people that do field work, they took my wife out, it was her birthday, I think it was on Friday. For more than an hour we were not served. When we ordered, thank god, fifteen minutes afterwards, we got our food. There are no workers. It is all illegals now that are doing the work, and they're always frightened that there will be no work. Things are very hard now. Do you see that?". "We got here more than an hour ago and there were no more than three people seated." "Over there they have already started to bring food out to them." I said to my wife, "They don't have workers, because when they do, they serve people very quickly." I've read that they do not have enough employees in commercial enterprise or in the fields, because they do not think that the people that are here are legal. But, that's life. PG: How did you wash your clothes when you were in the Bracero program? CG: I washed it there, like we discussed, we had everything there, even a laundry mat where we washed our clothes. Like I said, in the end, nobody suffered. But now, I go to the store and there are tortillas and everything I eat, bread and everything. In that time, there was nothing. You had to make it yourself. PG: How did your wife come here? Was she living here? CG: Well, I brought her here. I immigrated, then my oldest son, then her Then we all became citizens. One of my sons was in the ARMY for 20 years. The government's only concern is itself. It does not matter to the government if someone is a citizen or not, they just want them to join [the army] and... Thank god that we lived in Tijuana when my three other children that are here with me were born. My wife said to me "let's go live across the border" and so all of my children were born in Tijuana, but like I said, they all became citizens. I do say, truthfully, he who was born here was born with good luck, or with misfortune, either way [he's lucky] that he was born here. He who becomes a citizen, does so willingly. With one's consent...it is advisable that one becomes a citizen...because... I have a son-in-law and a daughter-in-law that were born here. At first they were very, well, very Americanized truthfully. And, what I am saying to you both is that I wanted them to be proud of being Mexican. They look Mexican. But, we are Mexicans, even though some were born here, we are of the Mexican race It's the truth. Thats how it is. PG: When did they pay you as a bracero? How often did they pay you? PG: When did they pay you as a bracero? How often did they pay you? CG: Every fifteen days. One earned 75 cents per hour. PG: Could you save anything...or did you spend your money? CG: My family, I spent it on food, I spent it on clothes, my wife. And, when I brought them here... ( the interviewee coughs) PG: Did you send it to them through mail? CG: Yes, by mail. PG: And was it difficult in those times to be without your family? CG: Well, being without family is always difficult. ( the interviewee laughs) Its always difficult to be far from one's family. PG: Did everyone make the same [salary] ? CG: I think so. All these people came here contracted to work in the fields. To harvest the crops. For example, there were some that worked primarily on tractors. They made more [money]. Still here, when I was working here, like I told you, in Somis, many years ago... my son, my oldest worked here [driving] tractors. And... he did not make what I made. He made more. But, like I said But, like I said, when I came here, I didn't work like I did in San Diego. Here I worked as an irrigator. irrigating orange, lemon and avocado orchards, or whatever [type of orchard]. I crouched down, harvesting cucumber and stocking it. To harvest cucumber, one has to bend down to the floor. In every part [of the field] there was an irrigator, even though it was in the field. But, there are different jobs. When I lived here, there was purely lemon harvesting. In... seventy something. I came here, and, then, some [people] from here had gone to war. In the end, there were blacks harvesting lemons. They were hitch-hiking... and... and the had their bags. With no more than that, dragging their bag alongside the freeway. But, they were not able to do the work. It can be attested to; that it is purely latinos who do the hardest jobs here. And, like i said, the gringos are useless when it comes to working. But thats something else, the way they work. PG: And if you got sick... would they pay you? CS: Well, frankly I have been blessed by god. I've never been sick, thank god, I never got sick. In all the years that I was contracted I never got sick. PG: Did you ever have a problem at work? CG: Oh no. PG: Well, what happened was... CG: No, like I said, at work, there were three or four workers. There, no more than one person spoke English and he was the one who could communicate with the bosses. He did a little of this and a little of that, everything. They never mistreated me. PG: And what did you do for your days off? CG: For example, like I said, we went to Tijuana. It was to bring back food... Saturday and Sunday. There, we bought what we wanted to eat. And, like I said, we had everything there [ at our house]; a kitchen, a stove ...a place to wash our clothes, we had everything. PG: Was there a Catholic church there.. just in case the people wanted to go to mass? CG: Mmm... no there was not. PG: And for the Mexican independence days, like the 16th of September... what did they do? CG: Well, for that day we went to Tijuana where they have a big party. We went there ( the interviewee coughs), like I said, we were so close [to Tijuana]. PG: How did they get to Tijuana? By truck? CG: No, the workers that worked there had cars. We went by car. Sometimes it was very rainy and we went on the bus. But, that season was very short. PG: Do you have any pleasant memories of your years working as a bracero? CG: Look, when one is young, everything is wonderful. It's the truth. When one is old, if your foot does not hurt, your hand does And, when you're in pain, everything changes. Ha ha ha! One of my kids said... he's a joker... " Dad, I don't believe you had black hair!" I said, " Do you think that the whole time I looked like this?" When one is young, they believe the world is theirs for the taking. PG: Were there any programs in Spanish on the radio? CG: We got our radio [stations] from Tijuana. What year was it? Who was I there with? Oh, I was there with Serafin! Before you all [referring to his family] came here. There was not more than an hour of television in Spanish. Now, there are more stations than ever. Back then... you should have seen it. We got Spanish radio from Tijuana. We were close by. PG: Until what year did you continue working? PG: When did you stop working? Not just in the bracero program, but after that. CG: I retired when I was 75 years old. It has been more than 20 years since I retired. There are many people that, three or four years after they retire, they're gone. Thank god I have had a long life, I'm here. PG: And, were there people in the program who worked during the length of their contract, then went back to Mexico to stay there? CG: Like I said, If the bosses liked the way that one worked, they would renew the contract. And those who they were not happy with... after the six months, back to Mexico! Thats how it was. If they liked a worker, they would give him another contract. Thats how it was. PG: How many years have you been married? CG: Like 40... we got married in 44 do the math. We were married in 44'. (the spouse speaks): 73' , in 55' my oldest was born. PG: What is the secret to being married for so long? CG: A man has to live by his word. When you get married there [ in Mexico] the fathers tell you " you are going to be for this woman for as long as you live". Back in my time in Mexico, they said , for example, "I'll sell you my house. How much do you want for her?, When do I give you the money?" They did not write up a paper, the did not do anything [official]. It was all a gentleman's agreement That idea stayed with me. The idea that one's word matters. And all that time, they did things through such informal agreements. And they take you [to the church] and you give them your word, and you swear that you will [make the marriage] last. When somebody gives their word, they have to follow through. I give advice to a lot of people and the say "oh, thank you". I tell them...When somebody gives their word, they have to follow through. Once, we had a station wagon, and were were going to sell it. We put a sign on it that said that it was for sale. A man called me and said "Are you selling the station wagon?" "No" the man said to my daughter-in-law. One of the guys said to the other " what do we want it for, its useless to us." They said" Why don't I sell you the pickup instead?" " We want the station wagon, sell it to us." they said. I said, "500 dollars for her." He did not say anything to me. He just shoved his hand in his pocket and gave me five, one hundred dollar bills. I went to my kids and I said " oh no, I sold it!" "Break the deal!" No, for me, to give one's word is a simple thing. To function as a man of his word. And as a kid, one gets ideas in their head. Unfortunately, kids get the wrong idea sometimes too. For example , as a kid I said " women are for working". Because in those times women were slaves. In those times they did not have any rights. It was only a little while ago that they were given the right to vote Women were not taken into account in those days. They told me to break the deal, but I kept my word. In my time, one had to keep his word. Thats life. PG: Sir, it was wonderful to talk with you. Thank you for permitting us to come to your house to speak with you. CG: Thank you. I just want to ask you... what significance does this have? In the end, we met here at six... and they [the government] are not going to give me the money that they owe me. They're not giving me anything, they say they gave it to Mexico. CS: That is the government's business. We are not informed about the money that the government owes to the braceros. I have heard the stories in the news and the newspaper. But, that's the government's business. Truthfully, we do not know what they are planning to do or how they are going to correct [the situation] with the money that they owe you. CG:Yes what you are talking about was it was in the news ... ...one of my sons said " Dad, it would be good if you went..." Well if its about the braceros, that's something else. I don't want anything to do with the braceros. Another one of my son's said " lets go, i'll bring you". The day of the meeting we went and we saw Pilar. My son told her "we are going to rent him out". Well, one more interview and we can take a vacation. I said " come on, you too, you and the others". The truth is that... I do not know what this is about. CS: This project is for the Smithsonian Museum. They are collecting stories. They want to record stories for their archives. They are also asking if there are braceros that have any items, for example tools, from that time They want things to put in the museums. They realize that there are many people that came in these 20 years and now they are citizens here... This project is about being able to have a record of this. This project is for the museum. As far as the money they owe you is concerned, I do not know what will happen with that. CG: Yeah, thats something else I suppose. My son more or less told me what this was about. Pilar, that woman that is friends with my daughter-in-law... she made me have more confidence in all this. I already knew about this. I went to Los Angeles and gave them all of my information. Then, they lost all the papers. Nothing functions... then we went to another one in Ventura. Then, there are more meetings in Santa Paula... they ask how much money I gave for this and that ... and I am not going to another meeting! Like we say in Mexico... " It's like putting corn on a pigeon". Nothing will change. You would have to pay lawyers, one after another. They say they want all the details at the consulate. They say they want all the details at the consulate. I have my contracts from 56' and 58', we went there and we gave them the contracts and they made copies of everything. Now they do not ask me any more questions. Because they have all of the dates... the birth certificate, the consulate sign-up and the Mexican passport. They have everything there, nothing is missing. My son told me more or less about the museum and what was going on there. There was a show about farmers and how they were working at that time and how much they made...etcetera. Even though the modern people laugh at them and... they analyze how things were for everyone. There are people that know what it means, all the stuff in that museum, it's big for some people. I do not have to talk to you anymore. I have more or less answered all of the questions. PG: Thank you very much sir, for your time. It has been very interesting talking to you. CS: Thank you for sharing your Sunday with us. CG: Thank you to you. Young people should know about history. This year, my friend, he does not have anything he needs to prove, he came to stay with me. He came to Los Angeles. There are many young people that work there, and two women... and they fill out papers. What is that called...? The consulate. That's were my wife worked. What was her boss' name? If they don't have the dates and details, they think its all a lie The young people that work there... I don't know what they do... fight grandpas. CS: Do you think its strange, what they were doing? CG: I think so because... my sister-in-law went with me and she told me "answer the questions that they ask you" She said " I don't know if they know that you are telling the truth". Another women in... I don't know where she worked, asked me "what was your boss' name ?". I gave them all the papers and they still think everything is a lie. And they fight and they fight... ha ha ha!
Duration: 1 hour, 1 minute and 17 seconds
Producer: CSU Channel Islands
Director: CSU Channel Islands
Posted by: braceros on Apr 23, 2010
Interview with Bracero Celedonio Galaviz
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I thought this lounge was actually nice with very good food selection from the buffet and the bar. There are several seating areas which is good as I was able to find a vacant seat close to the dining area when I arrived. There is also a shower room according to the website although I was not able to confirm it. The complimentary wifi was good and there are power outlets between the seats. Also, I loved the fact that they had some arts on display like the picture frames of the Eiffel Tower adding more "French feeling" unlike the neighboring Cathay Pacific Lounge which sticked to their usual lounge design. The only thing that could be annoying is the strong direct sunlight that reaches the part of the lounge with runway views. Overall, a nice lounge.


text:
Johan Peter Made (* 17. Juli 1775 in Wersau; † 22. März 1853 ebenda) war ein deutscher Zentschultheiß, Politiker und Abgeordneter der 2. Kammer der Landstände des Großherzogtums Hessen.

Peter Made war der Sohn des Zentgeschworenen und Gerichtsschöffen Johan Wendel Made (1746–1821) und dessen Ehefrau Elisabetha Margaretha, geborene Daab (1755–1815). Made, der evangelischen Glaubens war, war Zentschultheiß in Wersau und heiratete Anna Juliane geborene Nebel (1783–1845).

Von 1820 bis 1824 gehörte er der Zweiten Kammer der Landstände an. Er wurde für den Wahlbezirk Starkenburg 12/Groß-Bieberau gewählt.

Literatur
 Jochen Lengemann: MdL Hessen. 1808–1996. Biographischer Index (= Politische und parlamentarische Geschichte des Landes Hessen. Bd. 14 = Veröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission für Hessen. Bd. 48, 7). Elwert, Marburg 1996, ISBN 3-7708-1071-6, S. 251.
 Klaus-Dieter Rack, Bernd Vielsmeier: Hessische Abgeordnete 1820–1933. Biografische Nachweise für die Erste und Zweite Kammer der Landstände des Großherzogtums Hessen 1820–1918 und den Landtag des Volksstaats Hessen 1919–1933 (= Politische und parlamentarische Geschichte des Landes Hessen. Bd. 19 = Arbeiten der Hessischen Historischen Kommission. NF Bd. 29). Hessische Historische Kommission, Darmstadt 2008, ISBN 978-3-88443-052-1, Nr. 563.
 Hans Georg Ruppel, Birgit Groß: Hessische Abgeordnete 1820–1933. Biographische Nachweise für die Landstände des Großherzogtums Hessen (2. Kammer) und den Landtag des Volksstaates Hessen (= Darmstädter Archivschriften. Bd. 5). Verlag des Historischen Vereins für Hessen, Darmstadt 1980, ISBN 3-922316-14-X, S. 180.

Weblinks

Mitglied der Zweiten Kammer der Landstände des Großherzogtums Hessen
Politiker (19. Jahrhundert)
Brensbach
Deutscher
Geboren 1775
Gestorben 1853
Mann

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The phrase "dirty money" may have different meanings, but in terms of microbiology, a surprisingly high percentage of bank notes carry high numbers of pathogenic bacteria.
Handing over money or receiving change is a significant means of passing germs, according to a new study. Habip Gedik at the Okmeydani Training and Research Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey, and his colleagues in the Netherlands investigated how well bacteria survived on seven currencies: the euro, U.S. dollar, Canadian dollar, Moroccan dirham, Croatian kuna, Romanian leu and Indian rupee.
As part of their research, the team studied to what extent the euro, leu and U.S. dollar could spread E.coli or Staphylococcus aureus onto people's skin. They made volunteers with clean hands rub contaminated bills for 30 seconds and then tested their fingers for bugs. What they found was that people who handled euros coated in E.coli were bacteria-free, but those who handled the leu got both types of bacteria on their skin. People who handled US dollars laced with S. Aureus also got the bug on their fingers.
Interestingly the leu is made of polymer fibers. Polymer banknotes last longer and are harder to counterfeit than traditional cotton-fiber ones. Canada has already switched to this type of bank note and the U.K. is set to begin phasing 'plastic notes' in from 2016, according to The Independent.
The findings of the study have been published in the journal Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, in a paper titled "Impact of universal screening on MRSA bacteremias in a single acute NHS organisation (2006–12): interrupted time-series analysis."
These findings support some conducted a year earlier. Independent tests on European money conducted by a team of scientists at Oxford University in December 2012 found that the average banknote contains 26,000 bacteria, enough germs to spread disease, according to CNN.
In another study, 97 percent of bank notes sampled tested positive for the presence of potentially dangerous bacteria on their surface: raising concerns over the spread of disease in places such as hospitals, according to the Irish Examiner.
Globally, money is one of the items most frequently passed from hand to hand. Perhaps a little care and attention is required? Perhaps. The level of contamination and type or organisms on the money will vary depending on the country, season, environmental conditions, type of money (paper vs coins), the type of material the money is made off, local community flora, the general hygiene level of the population and who is likely to be handling the money.


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Dog Barks then a Ghost Appears on Midwest Family Security Camera
I was born a skeptic, but even I would say that what appeared on a Midwest family's security camera is beyond a regular explanation.
Rockford Might Have One Of The Best Spots To Walk Among Ghosts
All you ghosts and goblins, if you're looking to get spooked this month the Coronado Theater in Rockford, Illinois has 2-hour spirited ghost tours you won't want to miss.
Illinois Theater Dubbed One of America's Most Haunted Places
Looking to get your scares on at a place that isn't exactly considered one of the most well-known haunted spots in Illinois?
Have You Seen Something Supernatural In Illinois? You're Not Alone
It looks like Illinois has had a solid number of sightings, it's even in the top 10 for sightings in all states.
Was Ghost Hunter Attacked By Dillinger's Ghost in Chicago Jail?
It's not common to be physically attacked when you're ghost hunting. It's even wilder to think that the attack might have come by the ghost of a famous gangster, but that's exactly what one investigator had happen when he was exploring an Illinois jail.
5 Places in Illinois With an Extremely Haunted and Tragic Story to Tell
If you want to read some stories that may give you nightmares, here are 5 of the most notoriously haunted murder scenes in Illinois.
Illinois' 'Creepiest, Coolest Ghost Town' is Actually a Prison
This prison is not only iconic for its look but because you may have seen it in your favorite TV show or movie.
Century-Old Cemetery in Illinois May Explain Ghosts in an Elementary School
An elementary school and public park, in Illinois, sit on land once occupied by a century-old cemetery.
Bygone Cemetery Named One of the Most Haunted Places in Illinois
If you've lived in Rockford you know all about this haunted cemetery. If not, you at least know the road that shares the same name.
10 Illinois Ghost Tours That Guarantee to Scare Your Pants Off
When it comes to haunted tours and real-life ghost experiences, Illinois has a TON of them, here are some of the scariest.


JPI Oceans covers all European sea basins with 20 member countries and one observing country.
The following countries have representatives in the Management Board, the decision making governance body of JPI Oceans. Belgium, Croatia, Denmark, Estonia, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Italy, Ireland, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and United Kingdom. The European Commission is a non-voting member of the Management Board.
JPI Oceans is open to all EU Member States and Associated Countries who invest in marine and maritime research.
Click on a country on the map to filter the members list. Click here to return to the entire list.


Do you suffer with low back pain, neck pain or carpal tunnel?
Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy is an effective treatment for these conditions. It is very affordable and less expensive than surgery.
Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy is the hottest new therapeutic device for treatment of painful nerve compression and disc herniation syndromes!
Do you have a herniated disc, multiple herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, facet syndrome, or any other type of spinal problem? Is your doctor suggesting surgery, Pain Management, or Physical Therapy? Have you tried Chiropractic and just could not get enough relief? Come try out the Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy.
Since the disc is an avascular structure, it doesn't receive fresh blood and oxygen with every beat of the heart. It requires "diffusion" created by motion and 'decompression' to restore nutrients and enhance healing.
Decompression is defined as reduction in pressure (intradiscal). Recumbent positions (both prone and supine) decrease intradiscal pressures in comparison to standing and sitting. However focused, axial mechanical+Y translation traction, (creating 'decompression' i.e. unloading due to distraction and positioning) has been shown to reduce disc pressure and enhance the healing response even further.
There is some suggestion in the literature that extruded nuclear material may be "drawn in" by the reduction of intradiscal pressures. This concept however is not uniformly accepted since the length of time the material stays 'drawn in' has not been established in controlled studies. However, a temporary reduction in intradiscal pressure can still have a profound effect on the healing process via increased contact with the blood supply and fibroblast migration (so called phasic effects). This is in addition to the pain relief created neurologically by stretching soft tissue (e.g. stretch receptors, mechanoreceptors etc.) make decompression therapy a logical and viable addition to a "passive" pain care regimen.
Clinically it is important to establish criteria both in the utilization of Decompression therapy and in defining its utility. (As with many therapies, hyperbole and overstatement are common.) Axial Decompression (both lumbar and cervical) is first and foremost a "passive" therapy and as such has definite limitations in "curing" a chronic musculoskeletal condition. Its value is most specific in helping referral pain not solely low back or acute low back pain (symptoms for which manipulation has proven beneficial).
Loss of local muscle control, abnormal posture and alterations in spinal curves are the probable underlying source of most spinal 'compression' and degeneration. Therefore a "passive" therapy has little effect in truly fixing the underlying problem.
However, that being said, Decompression therapy (done safely within established protocols and a clear understanding of it's limitations) can often effectively enhance the healing process and render quick, effective and often amazing pain relief in a properly selected patient population (many who have previously failed other treatments). Additionally it may also be very useful in determining the overall prognosis of passive care and expediting the phase-in of rehab protocols.
Any non-acute (>1 week) low back or neck pain syndrome not related to a disease process, canal stenosis or acute strain/sprain injury is theoretically treatable by decompression. Disc and facet pain can often be relieved by early intervention with decompression. The acute inflammation of injuries however should be reduced by other means, in most cases, prior to beginning Decompression. Contraindications are similar to manipulative therapy, however since mechanical stretch creates no impact, mild to moderate Osteoporosis may not be contraindicated. (This holds true overall for frail and elderly patients who could potentially be injured by manipulative thrusts. Disc fragmentation, calcification, severe arthritis and any surgical spinal appliances are all relative contraindications.
Our clinical findings suggest Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy will create a relatively quick initial response. Patients who will do well tend to feel a sense of relief (which can be direct pain cessation or a centralization of pain and/or reduction to an ache or stiffness) within six sessions. Full relief, if attainable through this passive treatment will usually be in 18-20 sessions. Often patients will be treated 4-6 sessions and notice enough relief to allow active rehab to begin. Their Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy may continue (pre or post rehab depending on the methods chosen) for 4-6 further sessions before discontinuing or reducing the frequency.
Typical frequency is 3-4 times per week. The extent and seriousness of the symptoms will determine if more than three sessions per week should be utilized. Our experience suggests Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy is also an excellent supportive or maintenance treatment for those cases where pain relief is marked but prone to exacerbations.
The Triton DTS represents the finest Decompression Traction System available today.
Spinal Disc Decompression, utilizing Decompression-Reduction-Stabilization, is a unique, non-surgical therapy developed for the treatment of chronic lower back pain, herniated discs and degenerative disc diseases.
The Spinal Decompression Table in conjunction with additional modalities effectively relieves the pain and disability resulting from disc injury and degeneration, by repairing damaged discs and reversing dystrophic changes in nerves. Spinal Disc Decompression addresses the functional and mechanical aspects of discogenic pain and disease through non-surgical decompression of lumbar intervertebral discs. Studies verify the significant reduction of intradiscal pressures into the negative range, to approximately minus 192 mm/HG, which result in the non-surgical decompression of the disc and nerve root. Conventional traction has never demonstrated a reduction of intradiscal pressure to negative ranges; on the contrary – many traction devices actually increased intradiscal pressure, most likely due to reflex muscle spasm. The Decompression Table is designed to apply distraction tension to the patient's lumbar spine without eliciting reflex paravertebral muscle contractions.
By significantly reducing intradiscal pressure, Spinal Disc Decompression promotes retraction of the herniation into the disc and facilitates influx of oxygen, proline and other substrates. The promotion of fibroblastic activity stimulates repair and inhibits leakage of irritant sulphates and carboxylates from the nucleus. The most recent trial sought to correlate clinical success with MRI evidence of disc repair in the annulus, nucleus, facet joint and foramina as a result of treatment and found that reduction of disc herniation ranged between 10% and 90% depending on the number of sessions performed, while annulus patching and healing was evident in all cases.
The most recent clinical study of 778 patients has showed that Disc Decompression Therapy was more than 70% successful in the treatment of herniated discs, degenerative disc disease, facet syndrome, and sciatica. In this same study, 92% of patients had a reduction in their pain of at least one point on the 0 to 5 scale.
How Does High Energy Lasing Work?
What Afflictions can be Treated with High Energy Lasing?
The treatment is completely painless and feels quite comforting in most cases. The patient will feel a mild warming sensation at each treatment point. No creams, gels, or ointments are applied to the skin. A patient's individual response rate will depend on the nature and severity of their condition. Patients suffering from soreness and stiffness often claim immediate relief.
A small percentage of patients experience a mild exacerbation of pain after the first or second treatment. Some patients report feeling tired after a treatment, some feel energized. Your response will be determined by whether your pain is acute or chronic, the severity of your affliction, and your condition at the time of treatment.
Most afflictions can be treated in a 10-20 minute session.
What machine is used for this purpose?
There are a number of spinal decompression machines presently used in the United States. After significant research, North Shore Health Solutions ltd has chosen to use the Triton DTS machine manufactured by Chattanooga, Inc., the premier manufacturer of physical therapy machines.
Spinal decompression therapy is usually not recommended for pregnant women, or patients who have severe osteoporosis, severe obesity or severe nerve damage. It is not recommended for patients over 70. However, every patient is evaluated on an individual basis. Spinal surgery with instrumentation (screws and metal plates or cages) is also contraindicated. Surgery to the discs without fusion or fusion using bony replacement is not contraindicated.
How often do I take treatment sessions? How long does each session last?
Each session can include the decompression therapy, manipulation and spinal stabilization exercises and takes about 40 minutes. Spinal decompression is usually performed 3-4 times a week for 10-20 sessions.
What are the results of Spinal Decompression Therapy?
Over 70% of patients have good pain relief. This success rate is similar to surgical results.
I have had spinal surgery, but continue to have pain. Can I try Laser Enhanced Decompression Therapy?
Spinal decompression therapy can help people with back pain after failed spinal surgery. It can be performed in most patients who have not been left with an unstable spine after surgery.
How can I be scheduled for Laser Enhanced Spinal Decompression Therapy?
Functional Medicine is an alternative to drug based care that really works . That's because we focus on locating the root cause of health issues instead of treating pain centers with drugs. By doing this we may be able to eliminate the problem for good instead of just alleviating pain.
If you are tired of drug based solutions, or if you want a permanent solution to your health issues, then make an appointment with us today!
Fill out the from below and we will contact you soon.


This sparkling bridal comb has a lovely array of clustered crystals on a comfortable wire comb. Choose from gold or silver for this style.
Please note, this item is only available to purchase in-store.
For price information please enquire in-store.


When you know how to cook it, tofu is a delicious dish in and of itself—truly. Too many people have been subjected to poor quality or badly cooked tofu and told to eat it because it's a "healthy alternative" to meat. Usually what they bite into is a bland, rubbery mess coated with a random array of flavors.
The beauty of tofu is its subtlety. It doesn't come at you with an aggressive array of tastes. Instead, tofu is a canvas that creative cooks can use in all kinds of dishes. Its blank-slate quality helps to enhance all of the other flavors in a dish, which is why it takes so well to marinades and stir fries.
And if you know how to prep it correctly, baked or fried tofu takes on a heavenly texture: crunchy and golden on the outside, creamy and custardy on the inside. One of my favorite everyday meals is pan-fried tofu, sea salt (or fleur de sel), kim chi, seaweed salad, and rice—that's it.
So, What Exactly Is Tofu?
Called doufu in China and dubu in Korea, tofu is bean curd that is created from soy milk. The process of making tofu is very similar to how cheese is made. In Asian countries, it's not uncommon to get freshly made tofu at neighborhood stores and restaurant. This tofu, with its fresh, nutty, earthy flavors, is a far cry from the tubs of rubbery stuff that most Westerners encounter.
Check out this CHOW video about an artisanal tofu maker (Hodo Soy Beanery) to get an insider's look at how it's made.
Tofu tends to come in several textures. It's labeled according to how much water has been pressed out of it. Silken and soft tofu tend to have the most water, while medium, firm, and extra-firm have the least.
Some recipes refer to medium or firmer types of tofu as "regular tofu," just to make things slightly more confusing. In any case, "regular" tofu holds its shape better while soft and silken tofus have a more custardy texture. Also, if it comes in a vacuum-sealed box, it's almost always silken or soft tofu.
For pan-frying, stir-fries, scrambles, and baking, you're better off sticking with medium tofu or anything firmer because you'll want the tofu to be able to hold its shape. For soups, deep-frying, or to use as a healthier substitute for cheese or cream in desserts or casseroles, use anything in the soft or silken category.
The Kitchn has a good guide about tofu, including explanations about the variations of soft, silken, and regular that are out there.
For tofu beginners, I recommend starting with pan-fried or baked tofu. These two techniques are easy to master and the results are dynamite.
Prepping the tofu by squeezing out the excess moisture is absolutely necessary. If you skip this step the tofu, you'll end up with wet, soggy cubes and slices. Plus, any excess moisture will dilute the sauce or marinade you use.
Keep in mind that pressing the moisture out of tofu should only be done with the "regular" types. Soft and silken tofu will crumble if you try and weigh it down.
If you're in a hurry, you can cut your tofu into slices about half an inch thick and gently press them between the palms of your hands. If you have a clean dishtowel or paper towels, you can wrap the tofu slices before you press.
However, the most effective method that I've found only takes a couple more minutes of prep and some wait time.
Get out a large, shallow plate or baking tray. Line it with clean, dry cloths or paper towels. Slice the tofu and arrange on your baking tray—don't cube it just yet. Place more cloth or paper towels on top. Next, arrange a plate or tray of equal size on top of your tofu.
It's nice to use two plates of similar size when using them to press tofu. Image via Hollylujah!
Now, leave it alone for at least half an hour (an hour is better). If you have time, you should switch out the cloth to dry ones midway through the process, but I've skipped this step plenty of times with good results.
Afterwards, you're left with tofu that's ready to take swimmingly to the marinade, stir-fry, or pan-frying method you prefer.
Andrea Nguyen, author of the book Asian Tofu: Discover the Best, Make Your Own, and Cook It at Home, suggests pouring salted, boiling water over sliced tofu and then letting it sit for fifteen minutes.
J. Kenji López-Alt of Serious Eats points out that while this seems counterintuitive, the hot water brings the moisture within the tofu to the surface while the salt seasons it.
After the tofu is done sitting, you can let the slices sit on paper towels or cloth or blot them dry. Herbivoracious swears by the salt-water method, saying it produces a superior crust on pan-fried tofu.
If you really want your tofu to become more sponge like, there's this great hack courtesy of Slate: freeze that mother.
When you freeze tofu, the water forms ice crystals and changes the structure of the protein, making it spongier and more absorbent once it's defrosted. Just be sure to take it out of the tub before you freeze it, otherwise defrosting it will be a pain. After it's defrosted, you can press or drain it to get rid of any excess moisture.
In fact, it's a good idea to slice your tofu beforehand to make for easier defrosting. Freeze it for short amounts of time only—24 hours or less. I once froze tofu and forgot it. Two weeks later, I pulled it out, defrosted it, and was left with several dense, inedible slices that resembled Chore Boy sponges.
Also, tofu, like ice cubes, tends to absorb flavors when it's left in the freezer too long. In a word: yuck.
After you've chosen your preferred method of prepping tofu, break out your favorite non-stick skillet and a good neutral-tasting cooking oil. It's time to fry.
Pour in about a tablespoon of oil (more or less, depending on how many slices you're frying at once) and heat it over medium-high until the oil begins to shimmer. There should be just enough oil to come up around the edges of the tofu, but not so much that your slices will drown in it.
Gently lay in your tofu slices. Don't crowd them close together. When you have too much food in a pan, the excess moisture will encourage sautéing or steaming rather than frying. Leave about a pinky finger's width between slices.
Leave the tofu slices alone. Seriously. Leave 'em alone. Avoid any tendency to peek or do a little flipping. This isn't a steak. What you want to do is wait until you see the corners and edges starting to brown.
Okay, if you absolutely can't leave the tofu alone, you can do one useful thing: press down on the slices with a spatula. Use a firm hand. You want to hear those tofu slices crackle. The more your tofu has even, consistent contact with the heated pan, the more crispy, crunchy crust will form.
When the edges and corners are browned to your liking, careful slide your spatula under each slice and flip them over. I actually use a spatula to lift the slices and then pick up each slice with chopsticks to gently lay the tofu slices on their other side so I don't get spattered with oil. Repeat the press-and-wait process on the other side.
Once the tofu is done to your liking, put those slices on a paper towel so the excess oil can drain. Some people like to use soy sauce with their pan-fried tofu, but I just like some good salt to further enhance its clean, fresh taste and let me appreciate the fried crunchy goodness.
What Tofu Recipes Should You Try?
If you're ready to move beyond stir-fries and pan-frying, you can take your prepped tofu and venture out into an exciting world of recipes. If you like spicy food, get some soft tofu and make soondubu-jjigae, a spicy, salty, garlicky Korean stew punctuated by the bright clean taste of green onions. Bonus: if you're coming down with a cold, this will kick it right out of you.
You can also try making banh mi, a classic Vietnamese sandwich served on a fresh baguette. The Slate article above has a terrific recipe that involves caramelized tofu and onions.
What's your favorite way to cook tofu?


The fantastically rich and varied history of Iran has left a dramatic cultural heritage. This section reveals the best of that legacy, including the supreme Islamic architecture of Isfahan and Shiraz, the ancient Achaemanid capital of Pasargadae and the splendid bas-reliefs of the Palace of Persepolis.
Just to let you know that we had a fabulous time in Iran. Our carefully worked itinerary was nicely spaced and we were delighted with our female guide.


JEWELL — Stanley Eugene Abram, 83, passed away Wednesday, Aug. 29, 2018, at Resident Care Center, Beloit. He was born in Jewell County, Kan., Jan. 25, 1935, the fifth, and youngest, child of Albert and Elsie LaRue Abram. He lived the first 10 years of his life on "the Postlethwaite place", southwest of Jewell, and attended school at the Couch school. In 1945, his family moved north of Jewell and he began attending Jewell public schools. He graduated from Jewell Rural High School in 1953 and attended classes at Fort Hays State University until he enlisted in the United States Army. He was stationed in Germany in 1954-55.
When he returned from the service, he was united in marriage to Carolyn Wheat, Dec. 16, 1956. The couple lived in Salina for their first year of marriage, while Stan attended Brown Mackie Business College. After his graduation, they returned to Jewell where he worked as assistant manager, and then manager of the Jewell Elevator. Stan and Carolyn had three daughters. One of Stan's pet peeves was the assumption that he was disappointed each time a daughter was born, rather than a son. In 1974, Stan left the elevator to farm in partnership with Otis Clark. He continued to farm through 2017.
Stan loved to sing! Barbershop music was his favorite. He sang in the Beloit Barbershop Chorus, various quartets, and the North Central Kansas Christian Choir. He also enjoyed attending his grandchildren's ball games. He was a member of the Jewell Christian Church and Trinity United Methodist church. Family was important to Stan. He enjoyed many Sunday dinners and holiday celebrations with his sisters and their families.
He is survived by: his sister, June Butts of Beloit; brother, Willis of Jacksonville, Fla.; daughters, Teri Henningsen (Clay) of Beloit, Tami Erwin (Dave) of Verdon, Neb., and Deb Wilson of Jewell; grandchildren, Todd Henningsen (Gloria) of Edinburg, Texas, Casey Konda (Tracy) of Louisburg, Mitchell Erwin (Whitney) of Kansas City, Mo., Amanda Erwin of Kansas City, Kan., Wade Wilson of Jewell, Ashton Cates (Ryan) of Jewell, Ali Ernst (Brett) of Jewell, and Lane Wilson of Jewell; 10 great-grandchildren plus one expected soon; and two great-great-grandchildren.
Stan was preceded in death by: his parents, Albert and Elsie Abram; sisters, Pauline Reite, and Bernice Reames; and brothers-in-law/friends, Arnold Reiter, Armon Reames and Gene Butts.
Visitation will be from 1-8 p.m. Sunday, Sept. 2, at Kleppinger Funeral Home, Jewell, with family receiving from 6-8.
Services will be at 10:30 a.m. Monday, Sept. 3, at Jewell Christian Church, with interment in Wallace Cemetery, rural Jewell.
Memorials to: the Jewell Christian Church or the Wallace Cemetery Board, in care of the funeral home.


At Red Dot 21, we are introducing you to stylish in-ear, over-ear and on-ear headphones with very good sound technology. They have a wonderful fit and are designed for your home and outdoor use. Through us, you will find only the best headphones that appeal to you through their elegant and stylish designs and excellent sound quality and which make listening to music a real experience.
Designer headphones must sound good, fit perfectly and satisfy the requirements for various music preferences and different scenarios for deployment. Aside from the high-end listeners who listen to their music through the stereo system at home, many music lovers have nowadays begun to equip themselves with high-quality devices for MP3 players, smartphones, tablets or notebooks so that they have the perfect sound experience all the times and everywhere, too. In addition to that, the digital developments in the entertainment and communications electronics field have changed the consumption of media. Through this, watching TV series and films while you are en-route should also be possible without any difficulty.
In-ear headphones and earbuds are particularly practical when you are on the way, on a trip and at sports. They are very small and light and so, they can be taken along everywhere and can also fit into the smallest of jackets and even into your trouser pocket. Useful accessories such as storage boxes keep the headphones clean and prevent the cables from getting tangled. In order that the plugs are nicely seated in your ear and so that everybody has fun while listening to music or watching a series, manufacturers are also enclosing a selection of different rubber attachments. In particular, when you are doing sports, it is important that the plug fits securely in your ear. Ear hooks or ear buds tips, which can be precisely adjusted to your ear, provide real comfort even during intensive workouts. A good fit is decisive for over-ear headphones as well. They should completely cover the entire ear with a well-padded earpiece and should be fitted with a comfortable headband. Through the larger membrane and the greater distance from the eardrum, headband headphones are characterised by their spatial sound, which is found to be particularly pleasant. Aside from that, these products are becoming ever lighter and the temperature at the ear is regulated through the exchange of heat thanks to which, you can wear them for hours on end. In order to avoid marks on your head due to the pressure of the headphones, you must take the size of the earpiece and the adjustability of the headband into account while purchasing them.
Many models of headphones are characterised by their well-balanced sound pattern. Here, all the frequencies, from high to low, are equally well reproduced. As opposed to that, there is the detail-rich reproduction in the high and mid-range. One who is looking for excellent sound for classical music or for work in the studio, should take a look at our selection of headphones where several models are presented along with all their details. Aside from wired headphones, wireless products with Bluetooth technology are growing in number. They give you an excellent sound experience and are second to none. Improved battery performance and loss-free transmission through technologies such as aptX and AAC have contributed to their success. Many models of headphones also filter out sounds from your surroundings and give you a disturbance-free reproduction. This noise reduction is particularly suitable for indoor use, while travelling by train or in the professional arena, however it is not suited for use while on the road or while doing sports outdoors. Somebody who uses headphones a lot outdoors should take care that the desired models have a microphone and remote control. With that, telephone calls can be conducted easily and the changeover between listening to music and a telephone call is simplified.
As your everyday becomes digital, headphones are being used in public as much as in your private sphere. It is for this reason that they must appeal through both their technology and their appearance. Besides a discreet, decorative shape, an excessively large XXL size is the latest trend. The character of the accessory is further enhanced if several colour variants are available for selection. If you are now raring to buy a new set of headphones, then take a look at our large variety of offers available at Red Dot 21. You will find excellent headphone designs in our online offer, where you can order online directly through the link to our partners.


Router Collet Wrench Set, 2 pc.
Grizzly T1193 - Router Collet Wrench Set, 2 pc.
Specially designed to be used with routers mounted to router tables, these offset wrenches allow you to get straight onto your collet nut and spindle flats without the hassle of changing height or dismounting. No more busted knuckles from slipping wrenches! Size is 1-1/8". Fits most standard routers.
I set up my home wood shop with Grizzly equipment back in about 1993. I have loved working with all their products and have NEVER had any equipment problems. I believe you just can't go wrong with anything Grizzly sells. Excellent company and great people to work with !!
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Wrenches fit my router perfectly and work as described. Much cheaper than the other name brand and the same quality.
These were exactly what I needed for my table. They work great! Thank you Grizzly!


What are the implications of all the recent economic reports (January employment, 4th quarter GDP, CBO's downward revision of potential GDP) for an assessment of the recovery from the 2007-09 recession? In my view, they still indicate a very weak recovery. As I have argued, a good standard of comparison for this recovery is the most recent recovery from a very deep recession, namely the one that ended in 1982, and I have offered a series of charts to make the comparison easy and objective. Here are updates of those charts based on the latest data.
The first chart shows real GDP during the 10 quarters since the end of the 2007-2009 recession along with CBOs recently revised estimate of potential GDP. The chart clearly shows that the economy has yet to recover back to its potential. The only real difference from earlier assessments is that CBO has slightly lowered its estimate of potential.
For comparison, the next chart shows the recovery back to potential in the 10 quarters following the 1981-82 recession. The difference between the two charts is striking, and is why one can say that the current recovery is a recovery in name only.
It is also helpful to compare economic growth rates during the two recoveries as shown in the next chart. Growth averaged 2.4 percent in the recent 10 quarters compared with 5.9 percent in the 1980s recovery.
Finally, compare the employment-to-population ratio in the two recoveries as in the next chart. It shows that even with the better news on employment and the unemployment rate, the percentage of the working age population that is actually working is not rising.


Smart editor (generator) expecially designed for creating of unified "ReadMe.txt" files for the missions, addons and Mods designed for game ArmA2.
Extract all files into any directory.
For example "C:\Program Files\A2RM Editor".
Use key shortcut F1 in the running application, or menu Help -> Help Contents.
Double click on the icon "A2RM_Editor.exe".
In case of any problems try to "Run as administrator" (see Help).
Thanks for this nifty tool!
It could be me of course but I think you are linking to a different file?
On your own site the link is correct.
Thx for your next great tool, EMSI!
Put it on our editing section at Assault Mission Studio.
As I see that section was created few days ago, but my tools were released sooner, so this was reason why I follow this section with another tool.
Yes, I know ... but I was talking about the "previous tools".
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The feds are looking for records related to Adam Corey, a close former associate of Andrew Gillum, who's running for governor.
The FBI has requested more material relating to a business deal between the city of Tallahassee and Adam Corey, a local developer who was once a close associate of Mayor Andrew Gillum.
According to the document, which the Times/Herald obtained, the Bureau has subpoenaed records relating to Corey's Edison Restaurant. The developer got $2.1 million in tax money from the city's Community Redevelopment Agency to help with the restaurant's Cascades Park renovation and construction. The subpoena requires action by June 5.
Corey served for a brief time as Gillum's campaign treasurer during his 2014 run for mayor, but the mayor has since cut ties with the developer.
The subpoena, delivered Thursday morning, demands all city audit files and related reports regarding the project undertaken by Cascades Holdings, certified copies of approval documents (including staff evaluations) related to the restaurant and copies of any proposals business plans or submissions to the city regarding the restaurant.
The subpoena also demands records of any city commission votes on the restaurant's applications, correspondence between Corey and city officials and documents on any and all financial transactions between the city or the city's community redevelopment agency and Corey or the restaurant.
This most recent law enforcement request is a blow to Gillum, who's in a wide-open race to be the Democratic nominee for governor. However, the FBI's actions are not completely surprising. The Bureau began investigating Tallahassee's government as early as 2015.
After years of information gathering, which included the work of at least one undercover agent, the Bureau issued a round of subpoenas in June 2017 relating to the CRA's various deals with local developers. None of them mentioned Gillum. And the mayor said around the time of those subpoenas that the FBI told him he's not the target of the probe.
"Mayor Gillum has zero tolerance for wrongdoing in Tallahassee. It's been clear for months that this investigation has focused on one of his colleagues and others," Gillum campaign spokesman Geoff Burgan told the Times in a statement. "The campaign is focused on voters' priorities like health care and public education."
Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly described the length of Andrew Gillum's term as mayor of Tallahassee. He has been mayor since November 2014.


100 ANIMAL LIBERATION ACTIVISTS LOCKED DOWN IN GLASSHOUSE COUNTRY FARM.
For the second time, activists have invaded Glasshouse Country Farm in Australia as a response to the investigation released by Animal Liberation Queensland three weeks ago.
About 70 more activists held the front outside whilst 100 invaded the pig farm. No arrests have been made and eight piglets were rescued.


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Decision Support Systems Make Gains in Government
Government policy initiatives, improved technology and growing user acceptance are fueling increased demand for decision support systems, with spending on such systems projected to double annually through 2003, according to a new study.
The study by the market research firm Federal Sources Inc., McLean, Va., found that services will account for the lion's share of that government spending.
In 1999, the federal government will spend about $383 million on services, software and hardware aimed at refining the output of information systems to support decision-making processes. That investment will swell to more than $6 billion by 2003.
Government users' acceptance of the concept of knowledge management and their familiarity with enabling technologies will result in explosive growth in the decision support systems market during the next several years, said Payton Smith, manager of strategic studies at Federal Sources.
For the study, "Knowledge Management in the Federal Government," technologies for decision support were put under the umbrella term of knowledge management, although others use the terms business intelligence or decision support, said Smith.
Regardless of how they are classified, he said, the growth trend is clear. Today desktop-based applications with graphical user interfaces can help government workers find useful trend information from their data without the need for special software training. Agency employees can use this information to manage business processes more cost effectively and to support planning efforts.
In the past, the technical complexity of decision support systems limited their adoption by federal agencies, Smith said. Most required specialized skills to use, he said. "That is part of the reason that the market has remained small until now."
But within the past few years, easier-to-use query and reporting, online analysis and processing and data mining applications have made decision support systems more accessible to the rank and file.
The crowded field of decision support tool vendors includes AlphaBlox Corp. of Mountain View, Calif.; Brio Technology Inc. of Palo Alto, Calif.; Business Objects of San Jose, Calif.; Hyperion Solutions Corp. of Sunnyvale, Calif.; Oracle Corp. of Redwood Shores, Calif.; and SAS Institute of Cary, N.C.
The rising popularity of decision support systems in the government started with the implementation of the Clinton administration's National Performance Review in 1993 and has spread from governmentwide legislation to agency-specific initiatives, Smith said.
The NPR initiative is designed to reform government work processes and create a government that "works better, costs less and gets results Americans care about." Vice President Al Gore is head of a task force that is examining the operations of agencies and departments, and recommending ways to improve service and reduce costs.
Software tools and hardware are comparatively inexpensive components in the investment in decision support systems, according to the Federal Sources study. The vast majority of budgeted dollars — nearly 85 percent in 1999 — are allocated to services. These services include hiring systems integrators to define the "processes for inventorying, capturing and retrieving information assets," the report states.
Most federal integrators are working to develop decision support system opportunities within the public sector. Early players include Intergraph Federal Systems, PricewaterhouseCoopers and Science Applications International Corp.
But the field is becoming more competitive as other service providers, such as Oracle Government Solutions of Herndon, Va., and Keane Federal Systems, make their way into this market.
Service providers will be the biggest winners in the decision support system boom, Smith said, noting the need to integrate online systems as a prerequisite for decision support.
By contrast, most hardware platforms used for decision support systems consist of servers already in place, while the software increasingly is available off the shelf, keeping down prices for both categories.
Susan Case, senior vice president of Keane Inc.'s Federal Systems Division of Rockville, Md., sees enormous opportunities for integrators. Agencies have a "growing need to slice and dice data to deliver improved service to the citizen," she said. Decision support systems have become "the hot topic at government technology conferences," Case said, noting several high profile projects now under way at some agencies are cultivating the increased interest.
Keane officials hope to leverage the company's commercial decision support systems at Traveler's Insurance of Hartford, Conn., US West of Denver, and Fleet Bank of Boston to gain a presence in a federal market that "no one corners currently," she said.
Keane is working on a data warehouse/decision support solution for the District of Columbia under a contract awarded late last year, although Case declined to give the contract value.
The Defense Department may provide a wealth of opportunity for integrators with decision support expertise, Smith said. That is because decision support systems have particular relevance to command and control in military applications, as well as other agencies with complex logistics, he said.
Indeed, defense agencies have called upon Intergraph Corp., Huntsville, Ala., to assist with numerous projects, including decision support systems, using a general purpose contract awarded to the company in 1991, said Jim Slate, vice president of Intergraph's Government Solutions Division.
"Whenever you develop a decision support solution for DoD, you confront several hurdles," Slate said. "First of all, many legacy systems are stovepipe systems, not well-integrated at all. You need to decide whether to replace the systems or to find some way to integrate them" to gather their data together for analysis and decision support.
In most cases, the Defense Department does not want to replace legacy platforms because of the investment it has made in them, he said. That means the integrator has to build its decision support system to link the legacy systems, Slate said.
One project Intergraph has supported through various phases over the past four years is the Cost and Production Performance Module system for Air Logistics Centers at Robins Air Force Base in Georgia, Tinker Air Force Base in Oklahoma City, and Hill Air Force Base in Ogden, Utah.
The Air Logistics Centers have engaged Intergraph through a series of General Services Administration task orders valued at about $6 million to date, to aid them in developing and refining a decision support system that facilitates maintenance work on aircraft systems and components.
Joyce Mock, who serves as the program director for the air logistics decision support system at Robins Air Force Base, said the current version of the system provides about 250 users at each center with timely financial and production performance information.
"[The system] provides a Windows-based, point-and-click interface that lets everyone — from shop floor personnel to branch, sector and division chiefs — see how they are performing against budget and productivity targets set for them by command," Mock said.
Target statuses are color-coded in green, yellow and red to allow users to see variances and to take appropriate action to resolve cost and schedule problems.
Intergraph was brought in to establish a centralized database of logistical and budgetary data and has steadily refined the system for use in a Microsoft Windows 95/NT client-server configuration.
Maj. David Petitt, project officer for the Total Force Data Warehouse within the Marine Corps Systems Command at Quantico, Va., hopes to leverage his decision support system to facilitate manpower planning for the Marines.
After several failed attempts by contractors to deliver a data warehouse that could be used to discern trends in Marine Corps manpower data, the command selected Science Applications International Corp. of San Diego in July 1998 to deliver the project, he said.
Petitt attributed past failures to limitations of technology and difficulties introduced by overly complex approaches adopted by the integrators. SAIC's approach was based in part on advancements in fundamental computing technologies, said Kevin Ikeda, SAIC's program manager.
SAIC needed to take data from three sources and 24 different data formats and consolidate them into a data warehouse, Ikeda said. The secret to success was to base the warehouse design on the data, rather than contorting the data to fit a warehouse design.
In January, SAIC delivered the first increment of the project, a data warehouse containing 10 years of active-duty personnel and transaction information. SAIC built the system for the Marine Corps for about $800,000 through GSA contracts.
In February, SAIC received a secondary contract of $1 million to increase the size of the data warehouse's storage component and to provide other services, including integrating economic indicators and related information from third-party systems into the data warehouse, Petitt said.
"Our original purpose was to establish a data warehouse that could be used to respond to questions from Congress or other sources, such as how many aviators were majors in 1991," Petitt said. "We also wanted to use the warehouse to assist manpower planning by answering questions such as how many personnel with rank X are leaving the service annually. The historical data for doing these things existed, of course, but you had to access different systems and different data formats."
Before the new data warehouse was installed, the Marine Corps would have to write a software program using a language such as SAS, or hire a programmer to do it, he said.
With a data warehouse and a combination of query and reporting tools, online analysis and processing and data mining tools, the potential existed to enable nontechnical analysts to perform the tasks.
Petitt said he is reviewing several products from Cognos Inc. of Burlington, Mass., including Scenario, PowerPlay, 4Thought and Impromptu, and that SAIC was surveying other off-the-shelf tools for the Marine Corps system.
Before the end of the year, Petitt said, "we will be able to use additional data, such as economic indicators, to assist in projecting manpower losses."
Also, "we will be able to correlate commercial sector salaries and other economic factors with the numbers of personnel leaving the Marine Corps. That will be a great support to [decision-makers] who currently use straight-line trend data to project personnel losses," he said.
The Marine Corps data warehouse supports about 20 people. Petitt did not expect the user base to grow substantially, even when 10 years of data pertaining to the Marine Corps reserve component are added to the warehouse by SAIC in its second increment deliverable in late 1999. He does, however, hope that the warehouse will prove itself to be more useful as a decision support mechanism for Marine manpower planners over time.
Matthew Fleming, systems accountant with the Military Sealift Command at the Navy Yard in Washington, said the primary purpose of the command's Financial Data Mart is decision support.
Developed with the help of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, the Financial Data Mart assists the command in realizing its primary mission — to provide ocean transportation of equipment, fuel, supplies and ammunition to sustain U.S. forces worldwide.
The command uses Cognos' PowerPlay product to build data sets from which it can extract useful information regarding a range of issues.
"We can identify overspending or underspending, then drill down to a specific transaction that caused the problem," Fleming said. "It was difficult to do this in the past using legacy system data alone."
The new system has freed up time for military analysts to do other decision support related work, Fleming said. "For example, based on analyses, we may be able to better determine appropriate rates for renting space on cargo vessels, or determine other revenue raising opportunities," he said.
Fleming would not reveal the dollar value of the contract with PricewaterhouseCoopers. However, he said his agency has used GSA schedules to engage consultants and to purchase off-the-shelf software products, such as the Cognos data mining and online analysis and processing tools.
"We have had to implement our data mart in phases, helping our 70 to 75 users visualize the process each step of the way. We let them see what is built before defining the next step and let them tell us what they need," Fleming said. His advice is to move slowly and to keep customers happy with what is delivered at each phase.
Decision support applications are maturing and becoming broad enough to appeal to a larger market, Federal Sources' Smith said.
"There are a huge variety of things you can do with this technology, but products need to mature and users need to become more familiar and comfortable with the tools before you can go from number crunching to actual management using the information derived from knowledge management products," he said.


Hey guys, this is my first impressions of "Mercenary Kings". A indie game released on steam this year. It's still in early access but the game feels very complete. Some of the best sound and visuals in a 2D sprite game I've played this year. Looks kind of like "Metal Slugs", but plays a whole lot like Megaman. Check it out!


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The supervisor of the course and the school proprietor will make the decision concerning qualification and acceptance. The training contract will be based on private law and will include the course statutes, the school leaflet and the rules of the house. Finally, applicants will be invited for a personal interview with the supervisor in April or May.
Non-Austrian applicants must have a reasonable command of German. They must have passed their apprenticeship-leave exam or they must be graduates from the above-mentioned schools or colleges. The supervisor of the course will make the decision concerning qualification and acceptance. If a personal interview is not possible, however, the applicant can also start the course as a probationary student.


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Pingree
Speech at fundraiser for Governor janet mills and congresswoman chellie pingree – august 4, 2022
August 7, 2022 | alexandersanger
With the overturn of Roe v. Wade, the United States has joined such undistinguished company as Poland and Honduras as the only countries in recent decades that have enacted criminal abortion laws or made their already strict criminal abortion laws more Draconian.
About half these united states are busy right now criminalizing abortion.
Half our country, Kansas excepted, is now a foreign land.
Since 2000, 37 countries have liberalized their abortion laws: Argentina, Thailand, Ireland, Mexico and most recently Colombia. Chile proposes to put reproductive rights in its new constitution. Save that thought.
We know what happens when reproductive health care, including access to safe abortion, are curtailed: More unintended and unwanted pregnancies, and for women who decide or are forced to keep the pregnancy: less prenatal care, riskier pregnancies and deliveries, especially with young women, and increased maternal and infant mortality.
And for women who decide not to keep the pregnancy: Abortion when criminalized does not go away it just goes underground, and is later, riskier, costlier with attendant increases in maternal mortality and morbidity. The burden is disproportionate on young, poor, rural women.
Abortions by pill, already on the increase, will increase more. The risk is no medical supervision or care if it is needed for fear of prosecution.
Women with wanted pregnancies who have life-threatening medical issues are put at risk with the denial of life saving health care.
Women who miscarry are put in prison – just look at El Salvador. Where 30-year sentences for aggravated homicide after a miscarriage are common and for women who give birth to children that they do not want, a network of Homes for Abandoned Children.
I know this from my work around the world with International Planned Parenthood. We also know that women will take extraordinary steps not to have a child they do not want.
But Women shouldn't have to.
Worldwide, abortions occur with the same frequency in countries that have legalized it as in countries that have criminalized it. – about 35 per 1000 women of childbearing age.
What next? An underground railroad to Canada. The Bar Harbor to Yarmouth ferry opened just in time. To quote Richard Dreyfus in Jaws, "we may need a bigger boat."
Will we get to a situation where lobster boats anchor outside the 3-mile limit to offer abortion medication? Will there be no law east of the breakwater?
We are one election away from losing reproductive rights nationally and in Maine. Sexual rights, LGBTQ rights. Birth control. As well as what we read.
Look at attacks on public libraries. I'll remind you that when the Nazis burned books, one of the first into the fire were my grandmother's, who dared to say that no women could call herself free unless she had the right to decide whether or not to become a mother.
This will take all of us – men too, and not just by lining up for vasectomies. Especially young people, who if they don't vote now then I don't know when. It will take good Republican men and women, as in Kansas, who have daughters and who see them as more than incubators. In Latin America there is a Green Waves of women and men demanding decriminalization of abortion. We need a Green Wave here.
Stalwart elected officials are key. We have two stalwart women here so show that this overturn of Roe, this defeat of women, will turn out to be a Pyrrhic victory: Chellie Pingree and Janet Mills.