This article focuses on the Canadian Standards Association (CSA) B651-12, Accessible Design for the Built Environment, and the 2010 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) Standards, which describe their respective national standards. Standards are not the same as codes, and most construction industry professionals understand the difference. Codes are considered law and are established by the government, such as the provincial building codes. Standards, on the other hand, are more or less considered guidelines describing established rules or the basis of construction, such as for example the case of washroom accessories. Although there is clearly a significant difference between codes and standards, most designers have long since learned to consider barrier-free standards as being 'code,' thus ensuring consistent equal and easy accessibility everywhere for all.
While ADA is not mandatory in Canada, it still provides important information to guide design of barrier-free washrooms. Further, at this time, some of the issues covered in this article are not described as thoroughly by the Canadian standard. Consequently, Canadian designers may wish to consider employing ADA as a supplement to CSA B651-12. For example, in regard to projects with barrier-free concerns in Ontario, this author often finds himself referring to the Ontario Building Code (OBC) Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA), CSA B651-12, and ADA for necessary information.
Under the updated 2010 ADA, Section 604.8.1, wherever toilets are provided, at least one "toilet compartment" shall comply for wheelchair accessibility. At the same time, CSA B651-12's Clause 6.2.7.1 describes "accessible toilet stalls." ADA states one ambulatory stall is required for every six water closets, or combination of urinals and water closets totalling six or more fixtures. Similarly, CSA describes Clause 6.2.7.2 whereby there must be a toilet stall for users with limited mobility. However, there are a few key areas where ADA and CSA differ.
ADA also mandates a minimum of 38 mm of free space below working surface beneath grab bar, permitting easy access for one's hand to wrap around it, whereas CSA requires designers not to place washroom equipment too close to a grab bar. In any case, depending on jurisdiction, grab bar length and configuration may vary.
The diameter of grab bars may also differ. ADA requires 1 ¼ or 1 1/2-in. (i.e. 32 or 38-mm) grab bars, whereas CSA requires grab bars between 30 and 40 mm (i.e. 1 1/5 and 1 3/5 in.) in diameter, with a non-slip continuous gripping, or peened, surface.
Both the CSA standard and the U.S. Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) agree—there should be no sharp or abrasive surfaces beneath lavatories or sinks to protect those approaching in wheelchairs.
Grab bars are considered inherently accessible. However, there are standard requirements describing grab bar installation for the purpose of maintaining proper handicapped accessible toilet and shower compartment accessibility, such as length, diameter, gripping surface, installation height, and installation location, without being interfered by other washroom accessories products.
Grab bars are expected to withstand a minimum load without collapsing; designers must ensure wall preparation to permit grab bars to withstand expected minimum loading over the building's life.
ADA requires water supply, drain pipe, and shutoff valves under lavatories and sinks to be insulated or otherwise designed to protect those in wheelchairs against injury as a result of contact or impact. In this case, CSA agrees with ADA in regard to the fact no sharp or abrasive surfaces must exist beneath lavatories or sinks (Figure 1). Canadian designers should also consider insulating all items under lavatories and sinks to prevent injuries.
Clear floor area at the door to a multi-user washroom must satisfy front- or side-approach requirements.
Baby change stations are not described by CSA B651-12. However, ADA dictates they must be installed so the maximum height above the finish floor (AFF) does not exceed the deck height (i.e. the flat-bed or horizontal surface of a baby change station once lowered into position). Further complicating the issue, deck height is measured to top-lip of front exposed edge of baby change station and not to the flat-bed surface itself.
Some baby change stations have a perimeter lip at the front edge of the unit. Designers should be aware of this, as installers have placed baby change stations with a perimeter lip to the maximum height requirement based on the flat-bed surface—this renders the unit non-compliant due to the fact the top edge of perimeter lip exceeds maximum height restrictions. As mentioned, the deck height is measured to top-lip of front exposed edge of baby change station.
ADA defines deck height measured at 860 mm (34 in.) maximum AFF to the top lip of front edge of a baby change station. On the upside, most baby changers meet the ADA requirement because if the unit is installed satisfying the 1200-mm (48-in.) AFF handle pull requirement, then it opens into position to meet the deck height requirement.
In regard to toilet fixtures, CSA B651-12 provides guidance, while ADA does not. The Canadian standard includes Clause 6.2.6.1, which requires back support in absence of a toilet seat cover or tank. Generally speaking, backrests are 13-mm (1/2-in.) thick phenolic black-core board 250 mm (10 in.) in length by 100 mm (4 in.) in width over a 25 or 32-mm (1 or 1 ½-in.) diameter stainless steel tubing, and set 200 mm (8 in.) off of the back wall.
While screens are not required between standard urinals in either CSA B651 or ADA, they are discussed in American National Standards Institute (ANSI) A117.1, Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities. Some plumbing professionals believe urinal screens must always be employed between urinals, and not simply in between barrier-free and standard urinals. There is a strong argument suggesting a need for privacy, hygiene, and a better esthetic design, while also providing added comfort in terms of personal space.
As in the case of grab bars, urinal screens too are not designed to collapse. Canadian designers must ensure wall preparation to permit urinal screens to withstand expected use, abuse, and vandalism for the duration of a washroom facility's life. Aside from wall preparation, urinal screens may be designed as wall-mounted alone, wall-mounted and floor-anchored, or wall-mounted and floor-to-ceiling-anchored.
Standard hand dryers for barrier-free applications are 100 mm (4 in.) deep, and can be installed anywhere in a washroom, change room, or locker room.
High-speed models require a recess kit, or are available as recessed or semi-recessed units to satisfy accessibility conditions.
Designers should learn which products possess high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, anti-microbial filters, adjustable heaters, and adjustable sound pressure or level reduction.
Since CSA standards define accessible design details combined with an extensive variety of fixtures and washroom equipment, which types of products, features, and placement tips do Canadian designers need to create CSA-compliant multi-user washrooms? There are 10 additional key CSA considerations to incorporate into Canadian barrier-free washroom design.
CSA standards mandate minimum clear width, or finish-to-finish surface, must be maintained throughout an accessible route permitting a disabled person access to spaces without having to weave in and out. Clear width of accessible routes must have a minimum of 920 mm (36 in.), whereas clear width of door openings at vestibules and passage ways through walls must provide a minimum of 810-mm (32 in.) clear space. Swing doors have to provide 810 mm minimum at openings, taking into account size of the door frame, space used by hinges, door width, and a full 90-degree swing.
Accessible routes reign supreme throughout a multi-user washroom, to the last applicable washroom fixture. As discussed, accessible routes must maintain a minimum width of 920 mm. With this in mind, designers must be aware of protruding object issues to avoid washroom equipment overlapping into accessible routes.
Clear floor area at the door to a multi-user washroom must satisfy front- or side-approach requirements. In regard to the former, CSA requires 1200 x 1200-mm (47 x 47-in.) clear floor area on the door's push side, and 1500 x 1500-mm (59 x 59-in.) on its pull side.
Washroom accessories also require enough clear floor area to permit wheelchair-users easy access. The minimum wheelchair clear floor area is 750 x 1200 mm (30 x 47 in.). Since the clear floor area on the multi-user washroom door's pull side must remain unobstructed, one should refrain from placing washroom accessories or other components in this location.
Further, since accessible routes must always remain free, designers should be wary of any washroom accessories equipment clear floor area overlaps, accessories folding open, into the pull-side door's clear floor area. Similarly, when an electrical- or mechanical-component clear floor area overlaps into that of the door's pull side, accessible routes may again become restricted. To avoid conflicts with accessible routes, the designer may wish to consider moving washroom accessories, equipment, and electrical/mechanical components to a suitable location away from the pull-side door clear floor area.
The aforementioned 750 x 1200-mm wheelchair clear floor area is also required in regard to front or side approach of lavatories and sinks, as well as front approach of urinals. When pilasters are designed to support urinal screens, then the front-approach clear floor area of 750 mm between urinal screens will be restricted to the space between pilasters. Similarly, if a pilaster is designed to support a single urinal screen parallel to a wall or partition panel, then the front-approach clear floor area will be restricted to space between pilaster to panel or wall. If two urinal screens exist, with pilaster support, the required 750 mm minimum space should be between the pilasters and not the urinal screens (Figure 2).
Objects mounted on columns, walls, or freestanding supports less than 2030 mm (80 in.) AFF cannot protrude beyond 100 mm (4 in.) horizontally outward from the wall, or smooth vertical surface, into the room or accessible route. There are, however, exceptions for cane-detectable objects at, or below, 680 mm (27 in.) AFF to leading edge (i.e. underside of front edge of object).
In other words, in the case of objects mounted below 2030 mm AFF, when a display case, cubbies, or telephone enclosure is installed 680 mm maximum AFF to the leading edge, then there is no protruding object issue. Having said that, the lion's share of typical washroom accessories equipment are designed, specified, and installed at heights greater than 680 mm AFF to the leading edge.
To avoid this issue entirely, designers may wish to consider specifying barrier-free washroom equipment (i.e. those not protruding beyond 100 mm horizontally outward). Alternatively, designers may wish to provide sufficient wall space to at least permit semi-recessing of washroom accessories equipment (Figure 3).
Those using wheelchairs need to be able to reach the operable components of washroom accessories equipment, along with light switches, thermostats, or the back of shelves. CSA standards regarding both front- and side-reach height is a maximum of 1200 mm (47 in.) AFF. Front- and side-reach height for purposes of grasping up to 500 mm (20 in.) over an obstacle or obstruction is, respectively, 1100 mm (43 in.) and 1200 mm. Designers may wish to consider specifying, for example, feminine napkin and tampon dispensers at 1200 mm AFF to coin slot (which is the operable component).
Most designers are familiar with the current CSA standard's 'turning circle' requirement of 1500 mm (59 in.). Nevertheless, one should also refer to local jurisdictional standards, as some municipalities have elected for an 1830- or 2440-mm (72- or 96-in.) turning circle.
810 to 860-mm (32 to 34-in.) vertical measurement AFF to upper portion of front edge of sink, or counter.
One should also consider 1000-mm (39-in.) AFF to the top edge of the bottom frame of a mirror over lavatory or sink (measured AFF to lowest edge of reflective part of mirror).
Objects mounted on columns, walls, or freestanding supports less than 2030 mm (80 in.) above the finished fl oor (AFF) cannot protrude beyond 100 mm (4 in.) horizontally from the wall into the accessible route. There are exceptions for cane-detectable objects.
Regarding compartment doors relating to change rooms, showers, and toilet partitions, CSA's minimum requirement for handicap-accessible doors is 810 mm (32 in.). However, CSA's accessible route is 920 mm (36 in.), ADA's path of travel is 915 mm (36 in.), and wheelchairs are available in larger sizes compared to minimum clear floor space of 750 x 1200 mm (30 x 47 in.). This means designers may be better off providing 915-mm barrier-free compartment doors on all future projects. While these doors are larger than compartment doors currently specified by most designers, they are expected to become the industry standard in the future (Figure 4).
In regard to toilet compartments, partition doors must be located on a diagonal opposite the W/C. This requirement, coupled with front approach, permits a person in a wheelchair to easily drive forward into the accessible compartment, and reverse into a position adjacent to the W/C. Front approach dictates 1500 x 1500-mm (59 x 59-in.) clear floor area for a person in a wheelchair to access pull-side change room, shower room, or toilet compartments.
In terms of a side approach, people in wheelchairs require additional manoeuvring to access the position next to W/C. CSA requires a side approach to compartment doors to be considered as entry through doors in general. Having said that, assuming side approach is achieved from latch side of door, one requires a 1200-mm (47-in.) wide passage to access a handicap-accessible change room, shower, or toilet compartment (Figure 5).
Accessible components must remain accessible to all. Tight grasping, pinching, or twisting is not permitted anywhere in a building (with exception to maintenance and security concerns). So, with this in mind, the physically challenged, or those with limited dexterity, employ their fists as a paddle to access washroom accessories equipment and fixtures. To satisfy requirements, designers may wish to consider hands-free, D-type pull handles, slide latches, and levered handles as a means to access washroom equipment, compartments, and fixtures.
Levered handles must meet 22.2 N (5 lb) force maximum requirement to satisfy barrier-free concerns. In this way, everyone may access washroom accessories and fixtures, along with change room, shower, and toilet compartments, with relative ease.
As mentioned, CSA currently does not describe baby change stations. As an alternative, designers may wish to consider the ADA information discussed earlier in this article. The baby change stations should have pull-handle heights located at a maximum of 1200 mm (47 in.) AFF, in conjunction with deck height range of 710 to 860 mm (28 to 34 in.) AFF to top of the front lip of a baby change station.
All washroom accessories must be thought of in terms of accessibility.
In the case of handicap-accessible toilet compartments, designers must remember some washroom accessories require a minimum clear floor area of 750 x 1200 mm (30 to 47 in.), and other accessories must be accessible from a W/C—as discussed, this enables a person in a wheelchair to access washroom accessories as required with relative ease.
However, designers must take care to consider the order in which some required washroom accessories are accessed by a person prior to transferring from a wheelchair onto a W/C. For example, a person in a wheelchair will require a toilet seat cover before transferring onto a W/C; the toilet seat cover dispenser will require minimum clear floor area to permit person in a wheelchair to access toilet seat cover prior to transferring onto a W/C.
In terms of a side approach, people in wheelchairs require additional manoeuvring to access the position next to the toilet.
The CSA standard requires a side approach to compartment doors to be considered as entry through doors in general.
With regard to combination units, whether partition- or wall-mounted, designers may combine up to six essential washroom accessories elements into a single compact combination unit. The idea behind combination units is to maximize clear floor area and to permit ease of servicing. With respect to handicapped-accessible toilet compartments, the mounting heights of combination units must be carefully considered to avoid conflicts with placement of the grab bars.
assurance accessible routes are unrestricted and free of protruding objects.
Regarding hand dryers, many manufacturers produce high-efficiency regular, high-speed, and 'blade-type' models. Hand dryers have grown enormously in popularity over the past decade. The combination of better design, excellent performance, and higher efficiency has driven the market forward, along with cost-effectiveness, practicality, and cleanliness.
Standard hand dryers for barrier-free applications are 100 mm (4 in.) deep, and can be installed anywhere in a washroom, change room, or locker room. High-speed models require a recess kit, or are available as recessed or semi-recessed units to satisfy accessibility conditions. Designers must review each product's technical data sheet to be aware whether it possesses key adjustable features such as heaters, filters, and sound pressure or level reduction. For blade hand dryers that are wall-mounted to meet barrier-free requirements, designers should review the manufacturer's literature to learn which products possess new features such as high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters, anti-microbial filters, adjustable heaters, and adjustable sound pressure or level reduction.
Various restroom/change room equipment and furnishings need to be considered from a universal access mindset in terms of placement.
Examples include Z-pattern phenolic lockers (left), standard recessed waste receptacles (above), recessed paper towel dispensers (right), and standard L-shaped (left or right side) phenolic shower stall seats (far right).
For typical Canadian locker design, designers must be aware of related issues beyond the fact a certain number of lockers must be available for barrier-free individuals per project, and that individuals in wheelchairs can access locker doors. It is also of critical importance to consider reach distance and height; it is not enough to know people in wheelchairs may access a locker door, but it is of vital importance for people in wheelchairs to be able to reach shelves inside a locker. With this in mind, Canadian designers may wish to consult ADA, as CSA does not describe lockers.
Designers must consider front or side approach in regard to those in wheelchairs reaching into a locker. In terms of side approach, ADA requires 1370 mm (54 in.) maximum height to reach top shelf (CSA suggests maximum side reach height, without an obstruction, of 1400 mm [55 in.]), and 230 mm (9 in.) maximum height to reach bottom shelf. Regarding front approach, ADA requires 1200 mm (47 in.) maximum to reach top shelf, and 380 mm (15 in.) maximum to reach the bottom one.
Additionally, to meet ADA requirements, locker handles are to be installed at 965 mm (38 in.) maximum height AFF to permit those in wheelchairs to reach the hasp—the heavy-duty metal component through which combination locks thread to secure the locker door. Additionally, one should specify such locker doors to include barrier-free-compliant handles.
CSA B651-12, Accessible Design for the Built Environment, is an excellent source of barrier-free information for Canadian architects and designers. Having said that, Canadian architects and designers may wish to reference ADA as a supplement in areas where CSA does not describe barrier-free solution, while also bearing in mind national, provincial, municipal, and local jurisdictional codes and regulations.
Designers may wish to consider location and associated height of washroom accessories within a multi-user washroom, as well as the order in which users require to access washroom accessories in general. Careful thought and consideration of washroom accessories placement will produce ease of access and use for all. Similarly, location of hand dryers, lockers, benches, and urinal screens, along with toilet, change room, and shower partitions must be considered carefully to permit equal and easy access for all.
Finally, designers may wish to brace themselves regarding future developments such as the need for additional building space to accommodate motorized scooters. Some Canadian municipalities have elected for an 1830 or 2440 mm (72 or 96 in.) turning circle.
Steven C. Ioannides, B.Eng., CTR, CSP, LEED AP, is an architectural representative with ASI Group–Watrous Inc. He has a degree in civil engineering, and worked in the foundations engineering industry for several years. Ioannides entered the building products industry in 2003, as an architectural sales representative and soon joined Construction Specifications Canada, earning his Certified Technical Representative (CTR) designation. He joined the CSC Toronto Chapter executive council, editing the Specifier newsletter for several years; he currently serves as student liaison officer. Last year, Ioannides earned his Certified Specification Practitioner (CSP) designation. He can be reached at sioannides@asiwatrous.com.


Congenital, diaphragmatic, hernia, high-frequency, oscillatory, ventilation.
Department of Anesthesiology, Health Sciences University, Suleymaniye Women Maternity and Child Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of NICU, Health Sciences University, Suleymaniye Women Maternity and Child Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Health Sciences University, Bakirkoy Dr. Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Perioperative management of a neonate with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is challenging because of pulmonary hypoplasia, pulmonary hypertension, and respiratory insufficiency. In this report, we present our intra-operative experience in a 4-days old and 3070 grams CDH neonate. He was admitted to neonatal intensive care unit and intubated due to severe respiratory insufficiency. He showed signs of severe pulmonary hypoplasia and his echocardiography revealed a cardiac dextroversion. The patient was relatively stabilized after four days under combined high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) and inhaled nitric oxide (iNO). A corrective surgical intervention was sustained with dopamine, dobutamine, fentanyl and midazolam infusions. Ventilator settings were: 9 cmH2O MAP; 15-Hz frequency; 30 cmH2O amplitude and 55% FiO2. Venous-blood gas analysis indicated pH:7.38 pO2:36.2, pCO2:39.2 with SpO2:98%. We believe that HFOV and iNO combination is an effective alternative for the anesthetic management of CDH cases as it provides better gas exchange and less volutrauma.


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The Study of Design Psychology in UX
If you look up "design psychology" you will find that this field typically combines the disciplines of psychology, interior design and architecture to build physical and intentional spaces with meaning. It combines environmental psychology and environmental design, but it is not the same kind of design psychology we're examining today.
The design psychology we're exploring takes on the role of a UX design psychologist. It's a combination of neuroscience, cognitive psychology, social psychology and human computer interaction that approaches user experience design through the lens of human behavior. Though it can perhaps be argued this is in essence the same as the above only in a more digital space, the emergence of UX design psychology is more novel and not yet established as a practice.
Joe Leech, or Mr. Joe as he's known online, is a UK-based UX consultant and author of the book Psychology for Designers. He has led workshops around the world on the topic of psychology for UX and product design, drawing from his background in neurosciences and his experience as a UX designer for organizations such as Disney, the Marriott, MOMA and eBay.
Leech doesn't consider design psychology in the context of UX to be a true discipline, but rather a tool one can use to create more effective and meaningful designs.
"A designer who doesn't understand human psychologies is going to be no more successful than an architect who doesn't understand physics," Leech said. It's a quote he's said before, but one that exemplifies his approach to this practice.
"If you don't understand physics and you go to build a building, the building is just going to fall down," he continues. "In the same way, as a designer you need to understand how humans think and work or your designs are going to fall down. It's not something that is inherently separate from design; it's just that all designers should have some basic psychology to be able to design for human beings. If you're interested in designing for human beings, you need to understand how human beings work."
It is not enough to merely be a human being yourself. Humans are complex individuals that bring their own experiences to every interaction they have in the physical and digital worlds. With these experiences come expectations as to how things should work, and often it is meeting these encoded expectations that determine whether a user experience is positive or not.
When you break UX down like this, Leech says problem solving is actually quite simple.
"A lot of what psychology is," he said, "is understanding how people build mental models of the world around them to understand and make sense of existing situations and then [how they] make use of those mental models to apply them to new and novel situations."
The human brain is inherently lazy he said in the sense that it prefers to process information in ways it has before. This uses less energy in our brains and prevents us from becoming overwhelmed.
Leech spends a lot of time consulting with organizations on what a user's expectations are of how an interface or product should work, and then developing ways to match and meet those expectations online. He says if you focus on matching expectations and thoughts of how people expect something to work you can design more successfully than when you're trying to be innovative by introducing unfamiliar approaches to familiar processes.
The Third Wave of the Web
Leech identifies this approach to design as being part of the third wave of the web. It is generally agreed upon across the web that the first wave of website design concentrated on getting on the internet, the second wave was about doing it well by applying logic to usability, but the third wave has some variances.
In Leech's third wave, it's about the idea of continuous improvement. "We're looking for small measurable improvements all the time, and a lot of the work I find myself doing is using psychology to make small, incremental improvements to already pretty solid, reliable products."
It's in essence a more reformed approach to the web, one that draws on data and research from computer sciences and human behavior.
Where to Learn More About UX Design Psychology
The good news for UX designers is a lot of this research into human behavior and design has already been done. The problem is much of it hasn't been made widely available.
Leech says psychologists will conduct these research studies, but rarely "go to that next step to say, okay how can you apply that to design in real life? That's the missing link. That's the bit I'm trying to do is here's the theory, here's the theory, here's the design process, how do we put those two together?"
One of Leech's favorite tools for accessing existing research is through Google Scholar, though he also maintains an ongoing list of additional resources on his website. He recommends using this existing data to obtain a critical perspective as to why you might want to try designing something one way over another.
Using research into human behavior to fuel your designs will help make your designs more effective because they will feel more authentic from a user perspective.
"Your designs are going to feel a bit more human in the way they operate," he said. "They're going to seem a bit more natural to users and it's going to feel like it's a product that fits really well into their lives."
Just like your users expected.
https://blogs.adobe.com/creativecloud/discipline-or-tool-the-study-of-design-psychology-in-ux/
Why do responsive sites have to be so tall on mobile?
Space for silicon

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Swamp pricklegrass is an exotic of Eurasian origin that has been introduced in southwestern and parts of northeastern North America. In New England it is known from disturbed sites in Massachusetts and Vermont.
inflorescence exceeding the upper leaves, not enclosed in the upper leaf sheaths (vs. C. schoenoides, with the inflorescence usually exceeded by the upper leaves, partly enclosed in the upper leaf sheaths).
swamp pricklegrass. Heleochloa schoenoides (L.) Host ex Roemer • MA, VT. Disturbed soil, waste places.


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A Remarkable Journey in Zigoto's New Motor-Car (1912)
In Jean Durand's 1912 film Zigoto promène ses amis, called in English Zigoto and His New Motor-Car, Zigoto and friends set out from his home in a car that, failing an authoritative identification from the Internet Movie Car DataBase, I think is a c. 1900 De Dion Bouton vis-à-vis (correction or confirmation here, please).
Their journey takes them through twelve different exteriors, with three interiors interspersed (studio constructions of a café, a grocer's shop and a men's outfitters). The film begins and ends with the same interior view of Zigoto's home. Two of the exteriors are recognisably in the vicinity of the Gaumont studios in Paris, near the Buttes Chaumont, but most of the rest have eluded identification, including - for a while - the starting point of the journey:
I looked everywhere in Paris and the surrounding districts for that distinctive three-pointed bell tower, but only came across it by chance when looking at a completely different location favoured by Gaumont filmmakers, the Camargue region of southern France, around the Rhône delta:
The tower is that of the medieval church at Saintes Maries de la Mer:
The church can be seen in close-up in another Durand comedy, Onésime et le coeur du tzigane (1913):
Durand also made Westerns in the Camargue region, but in those films there was no place for a 700-year-old edifice in the background or foreground. Mostly these Westerns featured the spectacular landscape, often alongside the railway line that runs through the region. An abandoned windmill next to the railway turns up in several of Durand's Camargue films:
Calino chef de gare (1912)
Cent dollars mort ou vif (1912)
Zigoto et la locomotive
Le Railway de la mort (1912)
And in Zigoto et la locomotive there is a spectacular reverse tracking shot down the main street of Saintes-Marie de la Mer, following a derailed locomotive:
Topographically speaking, Zigoto et la locomotive is typical of Gaumont productions made away from the studios in Paris, in its concentration on the one location. The film begins and ends at the railway station and offers six different views of Saintes-Maries de la Mer and environs, even while avoiding its obvious landmarks, the church and the amphitheatre. The door in the seventh image below is that of the mairie:
Though it does have a view of the church, Zigoto promène ses amis is not so firmly attached to Saintes-Maries de la Mer as a locale. These two views are definitely of the town:
And these four look like they are somewhere in the area:
But this view, which comes between the third and fourth above, must be somewhere else, because the roofs visible behind the ridge are quite untypical of houses in the Camargue:
In the the ninth exterior view we have definitely left the Camargue:
This is the footbridge over the railway at Villemomble, a town in the suburbs east of Paris that was a frequent location in Gaumont films, especially those by Louis Feuillade, who lived in Villemomble.
I cannot locate the following shot, but I do not think we have returned to the Camargue. The walls, fencing and vegetation all suggest the Paris region, probably Villemomble again:
There is no doubt about the penultimate exterior:
This is the rue de l'Encheval, metres from the Gaumont studios on the rue de la Villette, Paris, 19e:
I have found this location in seven different Gaumont films, from Alice Guy's Le Lit à roulettes in 1907 to Louis Feuillade's Le Gamin de Paris in 1923.
The last exterior in Zigoto promène ses amis follows coherently on from the above, since we are in the rue de la Villette, just after the junction with the rue de l'Encheval:
The car is heading towards the parc des Buttes Chaumont. Here is a reverse shot of the same location:
Zigoto has returned home, though when he had set out from home he was over 600 kilometres away from the rue de la Villette, on the Mediterranean coast.
With so short a film - it lasts about five minutes - we can normally rely on the locations being close to each other geographically. In this respect Zigoto promène ses amis is unusual; in most other respects it is a standard comedy in the 'out-of-control vehicle', 'unleashed animal' or 'unruly human' mode that Jean Durand made his speciality. To close, here are two teams of rugbymen chasing a ball through and destroying the same café and same grocer's shop destroyed by Zigoto in his car:
Oxford contre Martigues (Jean Durand 1912)


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Milford Mirror Homepage
Graduation: At Foran, painted memories will remain
Milford aldermen approve $19M bond package
Milford Mayor Ben Blake to step down in June
Egg prices cracking local eatery budgets
Milford postmaster embraces her role in local Black history
Recent Foran High grads cash in on Milford's trash
Milford 'food engineer' considers post-pandemic deli rebrand
Milford resident's new business focuses on Parkinson's therapy
'I just want closure:' Milford mother looks for missing daughter
Milford accessory dwelling rules won't change market, pros say
Milford firefighters union questions ARPA fund distribution
News // Schools
Jill Dion
Foran High School Salutatorian Alexandra Corsi painted a picture of a painted rock during her graduation speech Friday night under sunny skies at her high school.
She spoke of the rock that sits outside Foran High, a huge boulder of a rock that has become a symbol, almost a mascot, for Foran students over the years.
She was in eighth grade when she saw it for the first time, and it was painted like a pig, alluding to the swine flu epidemic of 2009.
"As middle schoolers, we were partially amused and partially astonished that they could do something as audacious and rebellious as paint the rock," Alexandra said. "At the same time, we all longed for the reckless bravery that came with being a high school student."
They learned that painting the rock was tradition, and that the rock changed like the seasons.
"The rock has changed with us and yet has managed to stay the same," she said.
She recalled when Jonathan Law students snuck over and painted the rock in their own colors. "All of Foran would collectively become angry when Law covered it in their trademark black and gold; they had trespassed on our territory and it was our duty to reclaim our turf," she said.
Alexandra pointed out that on graduation day the rock was painted for Ken Walker, a beloved teacher and coach who died last year. While the rock will undoubtedly be painted over again, the name "Walker" will always be there, as will all the other memories hidden under layers of paint.
She said the rock will stay as a constant.
"Wherever we go, whoever we become, the rock will always be here, settled in its place under the tree, doused with innumerable coatings of paint," Alexandra said.
Alexandra, daughter of Christine and Al Corsi, placed number two in a class of 248 students. She will attend Ohio University this fall and plans on majoring in journalism at the prestigious Scripps College of Communications.
She is planning a career in the television or newspaper industry, with an emphasis on politics.
Class Valedictorian Hamsa Ganapathi, number one in her class, talked about keys when she addressed her class on graduation day.
"This may sound crazy, but I truly believe that keys have been very important parts of our high school journey," Hamsa said.
She talked about key combinations for lockers, piano keys, musical keys, the keystone species in biology, computer keys and car keys.
"Once we earned the keys to cars, we earned the key to something else as well: freedom," she said. "This freedom, was in turn, a key that opened doors to new opportunities.
"You see, keys have been there all along in everything we do, moving us through various stages in our lives, from elementary school, to middle school, through high school, leading up to this day: June 21, 2013, the day of our high school graduation," Hamsa continued.
Their business plan is junk, and these Foran High grads are thriving
Egg prices crack Milford eateries' food budgets
New CT law allows students to take mental health days
Milford aldermen approve bonds for playgrounds, sewer upgrades, and new firetruck
She ended with a quote:
"Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgment that something else is more important than fear. The brave may not live forever, but the cautious do not live at all. From now on, you will be traveling the road between who you think you are and who you can be. The key is to allow yourself to make the journey."
Hamsa is the daughter of Usha and Narasimhan Ganapathi.
She received a perfect score in the math section of the SAT and the chemistry SAT subject test, an impressive accomplishment, according to Foran Guidance Director Susan Unger.
"Scoring the perfect score on the math test is truly unique. Only 10,052 out of 1,530,128 score it," Unger said. "As for the chemistry subject test, only 5% who take the test score an 800 on the exam. Pretty impressive odds."
Hamsa will major in chemistry at the University of Connecticut.
She is planning on a career in oncology, and wants to research the causes of cancer and work toward new methods of treating it.
Reach Jill on
Jill Dion is a 1987 graduate of Quinnipiac College, where she earned a degree in mass communications. She has written for several newspapers in New Haven and Fairfield counties since 1989, and has been covering the city of Milford since 1995. She has four children, three grandchildren and occasionally plays the saxophone.


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The Wrap – Round 7: Fuschia Shock
May 12, 2010 by The Wrap 3 Comments
by John Mosig
What a round it's been in Footy Eddie. On Friday night The Doggies got out of jail, and sadly, just when The Dees were set to do it for Jimmy. On Saturday The Leaveblowers' Premiership Hangover continued as The Coasters notched their 2nd win for 2010. The Anchormen saw off a desperate Brisbane counterattack to take the points under the palm trees. The Woodsmen did what they were expected to against a spirited but sloppy Shinboners. Port kicked accurately and the last two goals of the match to steal their free flowing contest against The Hapless Bombers.
Come Sunday and The Pussies were purring once more down at Skilled Stadium as they helped The Swans to a reality check. Over in The City of Churches the prayers of The Bewildered Chardonnay Faithful were answered as they watched their team climb out of what was looking like the grave of their 2010 Season.
And remember some time back we foretold of the real threat OGG faces from the roundball – namely its adoption as the pigskin of choice in the Outstations and Communities of the Original Pioneers of The WideBrownLand. Well, it's started. Jaharlyn Mitchell & his mate Charles, a couple of 17 year old from Mildura United have been selected to train at Manchester United's rookie camp for a fortnight in July. Take out the Koori element from OGG and it loses some of its gilt, some of its sheer brilliance. Some of reason you hitch down from Yackandandah to watch it at The Highest Level. Aaron Davey, Paddy Ryder, Daniel Motlop, Buddy Franklin, Andrew Lovett, Jason Akermanis; to name just a few.
So we're back to the Lightning Premiership. Some of us may be old enough to remember the Lightning Premiership series in the 1940s and early 1953s. They had as much meaning as a picnic race meeting. In fact The Tigers won the last one held in 1953.
But has anyone else noticed the deplorable level of the maggoting at all three disciplines. Boundary maggots swallowing their whistle as the ball, right in front of their very eyes, is clearly over the line. Are adjudicating on touched scoring decision from 50 meters away. Goal maggoting is equally deplorable. And the standard of field maggoting – after a marked improvement in 2008 & 2009 – is nothing short of lamentable.
Down at Punt Road – or so we're told by The Sage's Chief Football Scribe – the knives are out again. Let's hope any change at the top can be done honourably. The last thing the immature Playing Group needs in this crucial first season under a new coach is board room blood letting and seeing their team in the papers for all the wrong reasons. SOTG may suggest that a few wins would help put them in the papers for their football prowess.
How many of us wish that the Appalling Football Leagues obsession with clash jumpers would extend to the seagulls on the MCG. How about painting the bl..dy things green. It's near impossible to distinguish the team wearing the All White Colours of the Leagie with those gulls sweeping over the ground. Or you could make them wear those ghostly jumpers North Melbourne are stuck with Adrian. Fair dinkum, no one could play Aussie Football wearing those demeaning outfits. They're an insult to The Shinboner Spirit.
While the rain blessed Melbourne's Autumn gardens and gave a double purpose to the hooded pink mackintoshes at the MCG, the Knuckledraggers christened the new pitch for those who play on rectangular turf. Australia v New Zild. The Kangaroos scored two tries and converted the wet ball each time. The Men-in-Black carried the pigskin across the Australian line twice as well, but failed to convert, once again proving that BKIBF. The Kiwi's 2nd try came in the shadow of full time generating the one bit of real excitement in the contest.
Llil Lleyton led Australia to a Mavis Cup tie win over Japan. Mark Webber win the Spanish Grand Prix and . Robert Allenby's birdie put stopped tantalisingly short in at attempt to force the play-off for the Players' Championship in the US.
Over where they put the rum in the coconuts, the Aussie Lads hammer Sri Lanka to secure a spot in the semi finals of the World Lightning Cricket finals. The Girls have already secured their semi final berth with a win over the Proteae.
But enough of my gabbin, let's see who's going to be heading for Football Heaven and who's going to be writing off their season after Round VII.
Melbourne v Bulldogs. With 5 minutes to go The Fuchsias looked to be in the pink but Bulldogs Fought & Bulldogs Bit to steal the contest. And what a contest it was. The football was sloppy, and we're not talking about the conditions. Neither side looked clever. Melbourne couldn't string more than three consecutive possessions together and were wasteful up forward. The Dishlickers were hardly any better. Bulldog Barry was in everything early and featured in a couple of goal assists, but as the game wore on he became a lumbering liability. He just doesn't appear to be in the Bulldogs' game plan. SOTG would be excused for thinking they don't have one. Some of the more astute may even be ready for a Bold Statement – that Footscray has as much chance of winning a flag with Rocket as Melbourne have with Jamar as the first ruck. They took the Four Points last night, and of course Lake was going to say he touched "that" ball. He's the bloke who feigned a hammy against The Tigers a few years back so he could pass the kick onto Will Minson, who kicked the levelling goal with 14 seconds left on the clock. But back to Friday night – the number of times Josh Hill found himself battling three Redleg defenders on the Footscray forward flank was an indictment of the modern game. We can only presume there were two Tricoloured defenders loose at the other end of the ground. To see Bulldog players running into each other was an indictment of their lack of football instinct and highlighted the extent of the Kennel Cough that is plaguing The Doggies. Having said that, all goals in the wet are good, but last night there were some bottlers. In the 2nd half Akka was showing his teammates what having a dip meant and Melbourne were getting numbers to the ball, led by the #1 & #2 picks from last year: Scully & Trengrove. The Fuchsias were stiff last night. Rocket had chucked the head phones away and was contemplating his navel with four minutes to go. The took the points in the end, but on last night's performance The Yap Yaps you'd be hard pressed to see them making the Top Four, and you could tell from his body language and sombre demeanour that Prez Smorgie, sitting in the stands, shared that view. They have Steak & Kidney up in Kruddsville next week. For The Demons it's The G again; The West Coast Eagles this time.
Essendon v Port Adelaide. The Gliders can't blame the Bowling Club for letting this one slip through their fingers. Coach Knighter would have been confused by some of the umpiring decisions, as would have Chokko, but neither side could blame or take credit for the result based on some very poor maggoting. The Essendon cheer Squad could be excused for leading with BKIBF on their banner when Dons face off against The Feeling Faints next Sunday at Ethelred Stadium. And Port did kick uncannily accurately. But really, The Tealers never looked beaten, and kept attacking. Around at Punt Road they would have been weeping at the part the dynamic David Rodan played in Port's stirring come-from-behind Victory. This Port Adelaide Outfit has re-invented itself in their new Jumpers and new coaching structure. This is the forth time in seven rounds they've come from behind at the end of the Championship Quarter to take the points. Make no mistake, this Chokko/Junkyard Dog trained outfit is the genuine article. Next week they host The Silvertails on Sunday on then shifting sands of Docklands.
West Coast v Hawthorn. The final scores belie the difference in the two sides. The Coasters seemed to have The Mustard Pots' measure for most of the day despite several lapsed of concentration. It was a win, but not, as would have been expected of a team with September Ambitions, an emphatic one. However, they win won't do their Self Belief any harm. For The Mayblooms it would have been a long trip home. They looked good in patches, which would have been handy if they were making quilts. Roughie roosted six but two of those were came TLTL* in the final stanza when the game had been decided. In fact four of them came in that fateful quarter as the Eagles took the contest by the throat. At the other end, Carlton reject Josh Kennedy also bagged six snaggers in a stylish display. For those who have been asking who plays CHF for The Blues, wouldn't J. Kennedy look good on the team sheet in the butcher shop window, eh? The Squawkers are set to regain Buddy & Skipper Mitchell, and be able to play a fit Shaun Burgoyne for their Danger Game against The Tigers next Sunday.
Carringbush v North Melbourne. Was the result ever going to be anything else? For the 2nd week in a row, they kicked The Sweep. And they pulled 52,696 into The G on a cold late Autumn Melbourne night. The harder the Kangas tried they more they more they fumbled. They weren't disgraced mind you, just outplayed. They get some respite when they host The Chardonnays under cover on Saturday night. The Cherry Ripe Maggies board the Indian Pacific for a Friday Night encounter with The Rampaging Dockers that will carry TOTTC billing. Who would have thought that after the basket case The Barry Crockers were last season?
Brisbane v Fremantle. Vossy made a point of not making excuses about his injury woes on Saturday night. They look like long term injuries and losing the experienced pair of Drummond & Brennan as well as the Four Points is a major setback for The Lions. True they came at The Dockers in true Brisbane tradition in the Final Stanza that nearly stole the match from the nervously inaccurate Purple Horde. They go home with their first win ever against The Maroons at The Gabba. This should stand them in good stead for their TOTTC** next Friday night against The Pies. Simon Black & Rischitelli were everywhere for The Lions but Jonathon Brown had little influence on the game and Fevola's three majors came from six possessions. They will be turning the hot water off in the showers next Saturday night for TRP.
The Pivotonians v The Bloods. The Lakers were exposed on Sunday when they ventured down to Sleepy Hollow to take on the team that Austin Jones has tipped as TTTBFTF. James Podsaidly has gained Cult Status down at Kardinia Park, Ablett, the Younger playing like a man in love, gave up notching touches. The returning Scarlett took one of The Competition's leading goal scorers right out of the game and did what he loves doing – running across half back and kicking deep into attack. To add to South Melbourne's woes, their Dual Brownlow Medallist was sadly out of touch. This didn't help their cause, especially as they insisted on playing through him. On this effort, SOTG would be entitled to question the playing future of The Swans' long serving CHF/ruckman, and the prospects of his team in 2010. They stay on the road for next Saturday's match against The Struggling Scrays at the National Capital. The Moggies board the team bus to travel up the Hume, Pacific & Bruce Highways to take on The Depleted Lions.
Adelaide v Richmond. The Tiges survived the Danger Game at Crow Park against one of their main rivals for The Coveted Timber Trophy. Only five points off the pace at the Citrus Huddle and level with 15 minutes to go, they not only avoided the Four Points they looked like being stuck with but also maintained their percentage under 50. However, there's no respite for Coach Hardnose's Charges. They have the Danger Game of The Round next Sunday against another red hot Wooden Spoon Challenger when they host The Hapless Hawks on The Hallowed Turf. For The Pride of South Australia, their breakout game for Season 2010 was far from impressive. Take out Simon Goodwin's 2nd Half contribution and Graeme Johncock's efforts throughout the match and they may not have lifted enough to overrun The Tiger Cubs. With The Crows' 7th loss for the year looming, the subbies at The Addy, their nibs dripping with yellow venom, were working feverishly on Monday's headlines. Thwarted, they turned to eulogizing the conveniently fashionable Port Power. Such is the dexterity of sports journos. Next Saturday night, The Chardonnays test the veracity of their return to some semblance of form against The Kangaroos OTR.
St Kilda v Carlton. Carlton couldn't do a thing wrong on the night and St Kilda couldn't do a thing right. Nasty Milne's slide off the side of the boot while running obliquely to the goals did just that – run obliquely to the goals. Many Snaps and set shots – from limited opportunities – sailed wide of the mark. Even Brendan Goddard's set shot from 35m dead in front was off line. And it would be fair to say The Blues had the rub of the whistle too. But even if a reasonable percentage of their shots had found the big sticks the result would have been the same. Teams have countered the cluster (In case you haven't picked up on it Jeff, you heard it first here on The Wrap – Ed) and they've countered Lyon's Lockdown. The truth of the matter is that The Feeling Faints were exposed for pace. The Silvertails ran rings around them. Juddy was like pepper & salt – in everything – and Yarran, Garlett & Eddie Betts crumbed and created with blistering pace. How did you like Fast Eddie's run down of Brendan Goddard after he (Goddard) was told to play-on? (I didn't think you could tackle from behind – Ed) He timed it perfectly. He was at full tilt when he hit Poor Brendan when he embraced so he must have been on the move well before the umpire made the call. A split second sooner and he gives away 50m. The Bluebaggers test themselves against The Chokers next week at Docklands. For The Sainters it's Traditional Rival Essendon.
And remember, if you read it in the Wrap you'll know it's not crap.
* Too Little Too Late
** Top of The Table Clash
About John Mosig
I'm an Aussie Rules tragic who can remember, as a four year old, shaking the hand of Captain Blood in the rooms just before he ran out onto the ground after half time, as my Old Man slipped him a packet of under-the-counter Craven A cork tipped. Now it's my turn to take my grandson Ben through the ritual of character building that is the journey through PUNT ROAD to the outside world.
I agree with you about the clash jumpers.They are an insult to our intelligence and our eyesight.
As for the pink umps- just plain dumb.
John Butler says
It certainly would be nice to see Kennedy at CHF for the Blues. A pity we didn't swap Judd with The Full Foward. But you can't always get everything you want(and you say the Blues can't change!).
I LIKE PINK! a lot, Hot pink that is, but….on the footy field, its a NO NO!


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Chewbacca - Premium Format Figures
Name: Chewbacca
Number: Item #3001821
Edition Size: 1000 (Exclusive) TBD (Regular)
Scale: Premium Format Figures
Source: A New Hope
Availability: December 2013
License: Sideshow Collectibles
The mighty Chewbacca distinguished himself from his kin at an early age, when he began to exhibit keen longing for travel and adventure. After aiding Jedi Master Yoda during the initiation of Order 66, Chewbacca left his home in the giant wroshyr trees of Kashyyyk and began to explore the galaxy.
Because of their great strength, Wookiees in those days were coveted as slaves by the Galactic Empire. Proving himself to be a difficult catch for slavers, Chewbacca increased the already-sizable bounty on his head when he began to systematically free his Wookiee brethren from Imperial bondage.
Then came the day when one such rescue ran afoul of an Imperial TIE Fighter squadron. While the rescued Wookiee children evaded the Empire's clutches, Chewbacca himself was captured and tortured. But the leader of the TIE Fighter squadron, a young Imperial lieutenant named Han Solo, took pity on the Wookiee's plight. Forswearing his oath to serve the Empire, Solo rescued Chewbacca and the two escaped together to the stars.
Chewbacca swore a Wookiee life debt to Solo, and a contentious but steadfast friendship formed between them. The two shared many misadventures, doing their best to avoid any Imperial entanglements, but all-too-often failed. Until ultimately, just such an Imperial encounter led Chewbacca and Solo into service with the Rebel Alliance.
Wrapped in the protective hull of the Millennium Falcon, Chewbacca and Solo aided their Rebel friends with unflinching navigational skills, daredevil panache, and plain old luck. They played a game of high-stakes chicken with an Imperial Star Destroyer, sent Vader spinning into space at the Battle of Yavin and even shook off a flight of Imperial TIE Fighters in a high-speed chase through an asteroid field (at odds of 3,720 to 1).
In the end, Chewbacca would play a crucial role in the Rebellion's final victory. With his Wookiee battle-cry echoing through the trees, he led an organized band of furry savages to victory at the Battle of Endor. In paving the way for the downfall of the Galactic Empire, Chewbacca also saved Solo and his friends, proving himself a paragon of Wookiee honor through the fulfillment of his life debt.
If there was one character that Sideshow Collectibles has avoided like the plague to produce under their Star Wars license, the award would have to go to Chewbacca. While most collectors are dying to receive a stellar 1:6 Scale Figure version, other collectors have been temporarily satiated by the announcement, and now the release of Chewbacca in the Premium Format Figures line. Admittedly, it's still salt in the wound to not have Chewbacca in the 1:6 Scale Figures assortment. It's really all collectors have pined for when it comes to this character, and Sideshow has been quite noncommittal about determining how they would go about designing him. Until the day arrives where a 1:6 Scale Figure version of Chewbacca is produced, fans will have to enjoy other collectibles of this Wookiee in other formats. Thankfully the Chewbacca Premium Format Figure has been done well enough to take periodic attention away from the intense desire of a 1:6 Scale Figure interpretation of him. While Sideshow Collectibles didn't go crazy with mixed media here, they did add some texture to the mostly polystone piece with some metal and leather highlights. Regardless of how much effort went into this Chewbacca collectible, it is understated to assess that there will be disappointment over the fact that this piece hasn't been manufactured with real hair/fur.
The first thing you'll notice is Chewbacca's stature. He is gigantic and easily the tallest Premium Format Figure produced to date. As Sideshow Collectibles has already shown on their site, Chewbacca towers over C-3PO and R2-D2 as well as the Stormtrooper Premium Format Figures also in the line. What's especially nice is that Sideshow is slowly but surely completing the original 12 characters from the vintage Kenner line in the museum quality Premium Format Figures line. Whenever any license can call comparisons to the blessed classic Kenner line, it makes that scale all that more important to collectors. Too bad it isn't a priority for most licensees, even including Hasbro. But whatever their goal or mission, collectors can rest assured that they will be getting an incredible collectible of the most favorite Wookiee of all time. And we personally have to hand it to Sideshow Collectibles because they've really impressed us with what they have pulled off with this Chewbacca "statue". If you have seen the prototype images on the site and were happy with them, then you'll also be happy to know that the final production piece came out almost identically to it. So, no quality in the likeness or overall approach had been sacrificed on the production line. This is always a risk with collectibles of this magnitude, so we can all count ourselves fortunate that it turned out as originally intended.... if not a bit better.
Chewbacca comes in four separate pieces: body, portrait, and removable right arm holding a bowcaster. These form Chewbacca obviously and you stand him on an environmental display base which is the floor of the detention cell block where Princess Leia Organa was being held prisoner. The base is a brilliant design, and lights up with the appropriate batteries. It lights up brightly and adds a great deal of character to this pieces. We are so glad that Sideshow Collectibles added this extra feature to make collectors happy. The light-up lightsabers can be burdensome and not always look right, but a light-up environmental display base seems like the best way to go all around. Exclusive collectors are treated to an interchangeable right arm that is holding a Blastech DLT-19 rifle. What makes this so interesting is that it is the rifle that he is using mostly in Episode IV, whereas you really only see him holding the bowcaster in the restored deleted scene where Jabba the Hutt confronts Han Solo. He used the bowcaster much more frequently in The Empire Strikes Back and Return Of The Jedi. It may be worth your while to track down the exclusive version so you can have him hold the blaster rifle he uses more than his signature weapon. With an MSRP of $384.99, Chewbacca may be out of the budgets for many collectors, but he is a signature character, and he is based on his appearance from Episode IV. We think he'll do just fine and sell through completely.
Collector Notes
Status: Sideshow Collectibles is proud to present the latest addition to our Star Wars collection, the Chewbacca Premium Format Figure. Long-requested by Star Wars collectors, everyone's favorite walking carpet features intricately-sculpted fur and Chewie's signature satchel, crafted in simulated leather. With his trademark bowcaster at the ready, the Sideshow Collectibles Chewbacca Premium Format Figure makes it clear that it's not wise to upset this Wookiee.
Announcement: The Chewbacca Premium Format Figure was informally teased on June 14, 2012 at which time it wasn't known that it was a piece for the Premium Format Figure line. It was then formally revealed during Sideshow Collectibles' 12 Days of Sideshow on January 5, 2013. Complete product images and pre-order information was announced on March 7, 2013.
Pre-order Information: The Chewbacca Premium Format Figure went up for pre-order on March 14, 2013.
Articulation: N/A
Assembly: 4 parts
Assembly Details: Chewbacca figure, removable portrait, removable right arm holding bowcaster, environmental display base (with light-up feature)
Sideshow Exclusive: Swap out arm with Blastech DLT-19 rifle
Date Stamp: 2013
Retail: $384.99 USD
Market Value: Click here to check the latest prices based on listings.
Premium Format Figures
Sideshow Collectibles (1:6 Scale Figures)
Heroes Of The Rebellion
Lords Of The Sith
Militaries Of Star Wars
Order Of The Jedi
Scum & Villainy
Sideshow Collectibles (Other Products)
Life Size Busts
1:6 Scale Figure Environments
Category: Premium Format Figures
Reviewer: Paul Harrison
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The USS Eridanus (AK-92) was a Crater-class cargo ship that served the US Navy in World War II, manned by a US Coast Guard crew. The ship's mission was to deliver goods and equipment in the war zone. Launched in April 1943 by Permanente Metals Corporation, the ship was acquired by the US Navy two weeks later and commissioned under Lieutenant Commander F. W. Johnson's command. The vessel spent its wartime carrying cargo and passengers between US West Coast ports and the Hawaiians, New Zealand, the Philippines, and the Palaus, for the US Navy, but also for the US Marines and US Army. Its last task was towing a section of a floating drydock from Eniwetok to Hampton Roads, Virginia. The job was long and difficult, as the trip lasted more than 2 months. The USS Eridanus was decommissioned in May 1946, returned to the War Shipping Administration and laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet, James River Group, Virginia. It was sold for commercial service to John P. G. Livanos, Greece in 1947 and run aground in 1955 while carrying a load of coal. The ship sustained heavy damage but it was repaired and resumed its service under the South Korean flag until September 1972 when it was eventually scrapped at Masan, South Korea.


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15.5. Treatment of Children outside of the Textile Industries
Publicado porPeter Van der Heyden. docenciapvdh@outlook.com 23 marzo, 2020 21 abril, 2020 Publicado en Sin categoría
The sector of the population, which suffered most physically in the years of the Industrial Revolution, was that of those children and young persons who did not work inthe textile factories. The point is that, from 1819 onwards, children below the age of nine could not enter into employment in the textile factories; further, the conditions of work were at least legally defined (official inspectors from 1833), and the children – through their parents – did receive a contractual wage. In the other industries, the children were often put to work from 6 years old, the working conditions were often very bad, the food was minimal, and the payment low and not guaranteed. Further, there were no official regulations, and no way to enforce any minimal standards. The employment of small children continued until the Children's Education Acts of the 1870's.
These additional industries were, in terms of the Report on Children and Young Persons employed in Mines and Manufacture(1843), of the Children's Employment Commission: metal wares; earthenware (pottery); glass; machine lace; pillow lace; hosiery; calico-printing; paper-making; tobacco.
The number of children thus employed was, according to the writers of the Report, in some towns practically equal to the number of children of the working class above eight years old (not counting the "lucky ones" in the textile factories from 1833).
According to the 1851 Census, the number of boys and girls employed (supposing the information to have been fully reported) in the different industries was:
Principal Occupations of Boys and Girls under Fifteen in Britain, 1851
Boys (000's) Girls (000's)
Agriculture 120 Agriculture 17
Textiles 82 Textiles 82
Navigation& docks 46 Navigation& docks 4
Mines 37 Metalwork 4
Metalwork 26 Earthenware 3
Earthenware 6 Dress 32
Dress 23 Dealing 2
General labour 15 Domestic service 71
Dealing 12 Miscellaneous 6
Domestic service 9
(Hopkins, 1994, p. 92)
This can be compared with the total number of males and females from 10 to 15 years old, which was 2,070,000 persons, according to the 1851 Census. It is probable that the proportion of small children thus employed had decreased from 1815 to 1851, since the parents were gradually receiving better incomes, and thus did not need the "extra two shillings" from their child, and were also more interested in giving their children an education.
According to the reports of the commissioners, in a number of industries the children were put to work from the age of six or earlier. This was generally in those activities which did not need physical strength, but rather dexterity in moving threads (lace) or pins. In the glass industry and in paper-making, the children started at nine or ten.
As to the conditions in the places of work:
"From the general tenor of the Reports and Evidence it appears that, with exception of bleaching, paper-making, toy-making, and some of the processes connected with calico-printing, and the manufacture of earthenware and glass, the places of work in which the various trades and manufactures are carried on are in general lamentably defective in drainage, ventilation, the due regulation of temperature, and cleanliness. There is scarcely any accommodation for the workpeople to wash themselves at meal-times, or to dress or warm their food. In great numbers of instances there are even no separate privies for men and women, nor for boys and girls; and very commonly these places are in a disgusting state of filth. The general statement, however, is, that in almost all the buildings recently constructed, a greater attention has been paid to the health and the decent comfort of the workpeople than in those of older date."
(Children's Employment Commission, Children and Young Persons employed in Mines and Manufacture, 1843, V.- State of the Place of Work, p. 32)
In general, the work of the children was not physically tiring, measured in calories expensed per hour, but the problem was rather the work without interruption during long hours, and also the difficult working positions. In many cases, the children helped the adult worker, adjusted or controlled the machinery, or brought materials to the work-station. In only a few cases did the children take part in industrial processes.
The theoretical length of the day was twelve hours, with permission for mealtimes. But the reality was that the child always had to be ready to work when the adult worker needed him/her, and this might mean working two more hours in the day, or getting out of bed at some hour during the night.
The wages for children (up to 12) were in the range of 2 shillings to 4 shillings a week, and the young persons (13 to 19) of 4 shillings to 6 shillings, with some cases ofup to 10 shillings. The lowest payments were in lace, where the women earned 3 shillings weekly for a 13 or 14 hour day, and thus the girls earned only 1 shilling a week.
The physical state of the children was – with the exception of a few industries – very bad. They were badly fed, and some were clothed in rags. The worst region was in the Black Country (Wolverhampton), and the worst industries the domestic activities of frame-work weaving and dressmaking. In the industries where they were put to physical work, the continuous work destroyed their bodies:
"In stature, the Children are so stunted that the Sub-Commissioner, during his first examinations, was unable to credit the statement they made of their ages; with very few exceptions, however, all were alike, and these few exceptions only proved the rule, for they were Young Persons who had not come to work till they were eleven or twelve years of age, or they lived comfortably with respectable parents, or they were not natives of Wolverhampton. Lads of fifteen or sixteen years of age are the size of ordinary English school-boys of twelve or fourteen, but not as strong and healthy. Many of the manufacturing girls of fifteen, sixteen, and seventeen presented none of the external developments corresponding with commencing womanhood."
"Among other witnesses, the Superintendent Registrar states that in those trades, particularly in which the work is by the piece, the growth of the Children is injured; that in these cases their strength is over-taxed for profit. One of the constables of the town says that "there are examples without number in the place of deformed men and boys; their backs, or their legs, and often both, grow wrong – the backs grow out and the legs grow in at the knees – hump-backed and knocked-kneed. There is most commonly only one leg turned in, – a K leg; it is occasioned by standing all day for years filing at a vice; the hind leg grows in – the leg that is hindermost. Thinks that among the adults of the working classes of Willenhall, whose work is all forging and filing, one-third of the number are ruptured. Some cannot afford to buy trusses, some get them by means of a club they have established."
There are many instances of retarded puberty in both sexes; a lad, for example, seventeen years of age, is described as being very poorly grown, scarcely any signs of manhood in his appearance. Another lad, eighteen years of age, is stated to be in stature and size dwarfed and meagre; no appearance of approaching manhood. A girl, sixteen years of age, very small in stature; not the least appearance of approaching womanhood; quite a child. A girl, aged nineteen, utterly stunted; no appearance of womanhood."
(Children's Employment Commission, Children and Young Persons employed in Mines and Manufacture, 1843, XIV – Influence of Employment on the Physical Condition, Metal Wares, Willenhall, p. 103)
Probably these cases represented the majority of the children employed since an early age. But we also have information about happy, well-paid, not over-worked children:
"Do you employ any boys or children?" "A great number."
"What proportion out of the 400 or 500?" "I should think that we employ about 50."
"How are they employed?" "They are employed in the pits and mines to deposit the ironstone, and to attend to the fires and various light jobs about the furnaces; to fill the boxes, barrows, &c. for the men."
"How old are those boys?" "From nine to 14 and 15 years of age."
"Are not those boys generally the children of the men employed in the works?" "Yes."
"So that it is an advantage to those men to get their children employed in the works?" "Of course."
"What wages do you pay those persons?" "From 3s. a week to 7s. or 8s., according to their strength and capacity."
"For what time do they work?" "They work their own time; if they are tired they go home, and their fathers do their business; but generally they work six or seven hours, and sometimes eight or ten; they work and play pretty much as they like, subject to the control of their parents."
"Are there any schools for the education of the children?" "The district is full of schools."
"So that any poor workman may get his child educated?" "Yes, he may."
"Free of expense?" "Yes, generally free of expense. There are a good many national schools."
(Select Committee on Commerce, Manufacture and Shipping, 1833, Evidence of Mr. William Mathews, Coal and Iron Trade, Dudley, p. 584, p. 586)
"No. 18.- Mary Ann Perry states:-
I am about 11 years old; I live with my parents in Thomas-street; I have been working at Mr. Flower's, as a sheeter, about 12 months; I get a shilling a week now; I am only a beginner; I have only to put the pins in the paper; it is not hard work; I come to work at nine o'clock now, go home to dinner at two, have an hour, and then work till nine at night. I am not tired at night. I go to a Sunday School, where I learn to spell; I cannot read or write; I generally get milk or tea and potatoes, or bread for my meals, and sometimes meat for dinner; I like the work I am at; I have never been ill since I was at it; I sit down at my work; there is a fire in the room to keep us warm. I give my wages to my mother; it is very clean work that I do."
(Children's Employment Commission, Appendix to the Second Report of the Commission, Trades and Manufactures, Part 2, 1842, p. G 11, Pin-Factory, Dublin, Interviewee No. 18)
15.4. Unemployment and Slumps
15.6. Reasons for Extreme Poverty


text:
Exhibiting a Lesser-Known Pioneer of Contemporary Photography: A Review of "Picture Fiction; Kenneth Josephson and Contemporary Photography" at the Museum of Contemporary Art
September 14, 2018 at 8:30 am by Alisa Swindell
by Alisa Swindell
September 14, 2018 October 7, 2018 Filed under:
Kenneth Josephson "Chicago, 1973," 1973 /Courtesy of Stephen Daiter Gallery, Chicago.
Chicago-based photographer Kenneth Josephson has had a long and highly influential career. A first-generation graduate of the Illinois Institute of Design, Josephson's work emphasizes the photograph as a made object in playful and witty style. "Picture Fiction: Kenneth Josephson and Contemporary Photography," the exhibition at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, gives a brief overview of Josephson's career and a broad view of his stylistic peers and inheritors.
Mounted in one of the museum's large ground-floor galleries, the exhibition is an illusion like a Josephson photo. What you think you're seeing at first is not what you find as you look more closely. On entering the gallery space, a small section is walled off and painted grey. On display is a brief but varied selection of Josephson's work that covers his stylistic repetitions, references to photo history and photographic experiments. There is a good selection of pieces from his best-known "images within images" and his archaeological series. A vitrine contains a stack of photo paper that Josephson drilled into through the box it was sold in and then marked with a light source, the box that contained the paper and photos documenting this experiment in photography as a medium that records light.
Kenneth Josephson, "Matthew, 1965," 1965 /Courtesy of Stephen Daiter Gallery, Chicago.
Beyond this space, the gallery opens up stark white and with a range of works by contemporary photographers who experiment and manipulate photography to its fullest in ways that echo, are reminiscent of or use similar techniques to Josephson. A small table in the center of the main gallery has copies of books on Josephson for visitors to read and several tablets set to the Tumblr page "Dear Photograph." This Tumblr blog posts pictures people submit of recently taken photos of themselves holding up an older photo taken in that same location in the foreground and write a message to the photo about what the content of the image means to them. This is one example of the vast and popular influence of Josephson's style. Few of the people submitting to this Tumblr likely are aware that they are following Josephson's lead, but recognize his way of making images. The curatorial choice to place the screen showing Jimmy Robert's video "Untitled (Folding 2)" 2012 on the floor causes the viewer's shadow to fall over the piece mimicking one of Josephson's methods for inserting himself into a photo—a nice touch. While several of the photographers in the show reference Josephson's oeuvre more directly, the visual punning and humor of Marlo Pascual's "Untitled" (2010) seem most in line with Josephson's style and rounds out the exhibit nicely. (Alisa Swindell)
"Picture Fiction: Kenneth Josephson and Contemporary Photography" runs through December 30 at the Museum of Contemporary Art Chicago, 220 East Chicago.
Photographic Liberation : A Review of "Go Down Moses" at Museum of Contemporary Photography The exhibition explores the various ways freedom has been defined, from the past to the present.
When the Personal Is Political, and Vice Versa: A Review of "The Many Hats of Ralph Arnold: Art, Identity & Politics" at the Museum… A lesser-known flaneur of mass media (and a longtime Chicagoan) makes constructions that bring personal and cultural intersections into view.
Trauma In The Longue Durée: A Review of "Traversing the Past" at the Museum of Contemporary Photography Three photographers confront personal and political trauma in suites of compelling, enigmatic photoessays.
Fluid Bodies, Still Pictures: A Review of Disruptive Perspectives at the Museum of Contemporary Photography Photographs portraying touching moments of queer intimacy.
Beyond Black Panther, Artists Imagine Alternative Worlds: A Review of "In Their Own Form" at the Museum of Contemporary Photography Fourteen artists fashion images of Afrofuturism, bringing together African mythologies, science fiction, technology and mysticism together in a diverse an aesthetic and philosophical movement.
Strangeness For Its Own Sake: A Review of Mika Rottenberg at the Museum of Contemporary Art What is perhaps most impressive about Rottenberg's high-budget, high-production-value videos is how they manage to do so little with so much.
Jessica Labatte
Jimmy Robert
Marlo Pascual
Previous Post Contending With The Internet As Medium And Infrastructure: A Review of "I Was Raised on the Internet" at the Museum of Contemporary Art
Next Post Trading Fours on Chicago's Creative Capital: Hans Ulrich Obrist Stages a Mini-Interview Marathon


Making big changes to election machinery before this November isn't realistic, but there's much we can do to secure the technology currently in place.
In the last two weeks, there have been credible reports that Russia is attempting to influence our elections by hacking into the Democratic Party's email server and other campaign files. These reports are troubling. But an attack on our country's voting machines, once deemed far-fetched, is even more disturbing.
In response, the Obama administration is considering designating America's electronic voting system as "critical infrastructure," which would likely bring more federal resources to protecting these systems from attack.
But with just three months before the presidential election, what can be done? In truth, making big changes to election machinery before this November isn't realistic. There isn't enough time. Fortunately, security experts and activists have worked for several years to shore up election integrity, and there is much we can do to secure the technology currently in place.
In the short term, election jurisdictions must review their security measures with experts in the next three months. One of the great victories of security specialists and advocates in the last few years was convincing jurisdictions to move from paperless computerized voting machines to machines that have some kind of voter verified paper trail. This November, 80 percent of citizens will vote on paper ballots that are read by electronic scanners, or touch screen machines that produce a paper trail that can be reviewed by the voter before she casts her vote. This should deter would-be hackers looking to alter the result of an election: the paper record can be used to check the totals provided by the machine and catch incorrect results.
Unfortunately, most states don't have the kinds of procedures in place to take advantage of this security feature. Only half of the states require audits that compare the paper record of votes to machine generated totals. And even where audits are routinely conducted, they are often not robust enough to catch sophisticated attacks. One of the most basic things we could do to deter attacks on our system is to require thorough audits of all machines that have paper records of votes.
While post-election audits are important, they are not enough to guarantee secure results. First, there are still many paperless voting machines in use in the United States today. In November, tens of millions of voters in 14 states, including Pennsylvania and Virginia, will vote on paperless electronic voting machines. We must do all we can to secure these systems too.
Second, the threats to the integrity of our elections go beyond potential hacks to change the vote count on polling place machines. Attackers could attempt a "denial of service" attack, where machines simply crash more often. In those cases, voters could be forced to wait in line for hours while technicians work to fix machines or replace them. Many would give up and never vote. Alternatively, the systems could be attacked after voting is complete, when results from individual machines are tallied at a central location.
Making sure that emergency paper ballots are available in all polling places where electronic voting machines are used, in case of failure of those machines.
Adopting rigorous reconciliation practices to ensure that the numbers of voters signed-in to a polling place closely matches the number of votes recorded in that polling place, and that machine and polling place totals match county and state totals.
In the longer term, the president is right. We need to start treating our elections systems as critical infrastructure, and invest in them on an ongoing basis.
Last year, we conducted a comprehensive study of voting technology in the United States. Our research showed 43 states will be using computerized voting machines that are at least 10 years old. That's dangerously close to the end of the estimated lifespan for most machines. Aging machines are more likely to break down during elections and, as a general matter, less secure than current models.
That's because aging equipment relies on unsupported, decade-old software, like Windows XP or 2000, and never went through the kind of rigorous federal certification process most jurisdictions require of machines purchased today. Security experts warn that the outdated software used by these machines is more vulnerable to attack. Unsupported software does not receive regular security updates and is less likely to withstand the kind of cyber security threats that constantly evolve.
In too much of the country, pleas for more investment to protect our voting systems have fallen on deaf ears, particularly among the Congress members and state legislators who could provide the funds. The hacks into the DNC e-mail server should be a wake-up call that this complacency must end.


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This title is available on Amazon's Kindle Unlimited, or can be purchased outright. No ARCs are available at this time.


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Can a complainant adopt her s715.1 statement if her viva voce evidence is inconsistent with her video statement; and what impact do leading questions have on admissibility of such a statement.
The video statement is admitted on the basis that young children cannot be expected to clearly remember events that occurred months or years prior to trial and the statement "will almost inevitably reflect a more accurate recollection of events than will testimony given later": R. v. F.(C.C.), 1997 CanLII 306 (SCC),  3 S.C.R. 1183 at para. 19. This is especially true when the child retains no memory of the incident and the video is the only way to bring the child's evidence before the court: F.(C.C.) at para. 21.
The Court of Appeal upheld the trial judge's ruling admitting the statement.


text:
'Star Wars' Fans Start A Tradition That Will Help Bullied Kids Gain Confidence
ByMandy Velez
06/24/2014 03:51pm EDT | Updated December 7, 2017
Forget "The Sisterhood of the Traveling Pants." A real-life Stormtrooper suit is currently making the rounds amongst girls who need it -- and the results would make any Jedi proud.
It started in 2010 when then 7-year-old Katie Goldman was teased for how much she liked "Star Wars." Other kids told her that only boys could like it, and they taunted her for carrying a "Star Wars" water bottle.
When Katie's mom, author and HuffPost blogger Carrie Goldman, wrote about her daughter's experience, she got the attention of a "Star Wars" fan group, 501st Legion who sent messages of support and started the hashtag #maytheforcebewithkatie. The legion even wore "Star Wars" gear in her honor.
She was a viral superstar.
Two years later, when Katie asked her mom if she could be a Stormtrooper for Halloween, Carrie knew where to turn for costume advice. She went back to the legion, who went above and beyond. They raised funds to make a custom Stormtrooper costume in Katie's size (see photo below). Mom wrote on her blog:
Katie rocked that armor at her school's Halloween parade. And again while trick-or-treating. And in spring at the Purim Carnival. And in summer at Star Wars Day in Joliet. Getting her ready each time was a cosmic task, but the outcome was always stunning.
But Katie is 11 now, and it's time for a new girl to wear the suit. Late last year, spokesman Brian Troyan of the 501st Legion emailed Carrie with the idea. "I wonder if Katie might be ready to pass along her Stormtrooper armor to another little girl who has been bullied and who needs a little love and a reminder that she shouldn't ever need to hide who she is," he wrote.
He was referring to an 11-year-old named Allison.
Katie agreed to pass along the suit without hesitation. "I was surprised, because I knew it was special to her," her mother said.
Troyan planned to give Allison the suit at an Autism Speaks event. The Friday before he came to pick it up, Katie, her sister and friends spent the afternoon writing notes to Allison to accompany the suit. Troyan told Buzzfeed that Allison couldn't wait to try the costume on.
The Stormtrooper suit's adventure won't end there. Once Allison outgrows it, the legion will work to pass the costume to another child in need of a confidence boost.
"Even if someone tries to make fun of them for something, that doesn't mean they should be ashamed of it," he said, explaining a mantra both girls now know very well.
"I felt like she was being adopted by the geeks and nerds of the world," Goldman said. "It was such an intense feeling of support and love."
It almost goes without saying. The Force is strong with these girls.
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text:
Q: Скрыть блок при клике за его пределами?

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  $(this).children('.option_box').toggleClass('open');
});
.container {
  display: flex;
}
.select_box {
  position: relative;
  width: 120px;
  height: 45px;
  background-color: #777;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.option_box {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  list-style-type: none;
  background-color: #ccc;
  padding: 0;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  display: none;
}
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  background-color: #777;
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Как можно скрыть блок, если кликнуть за его пределами. Спасибо.

A:

$('.select_box').click(function () {
  $(this).children('.option_box').toggleClass('open');
});

$(document).click(function (e) {
    if (!$(e.target).hasClass("select_box")
        && $(e.target).parents(".select_box").length === 0)
    {
        $(".option_box").removeClass("open");
    }
});
.container {
  display: flex;
}
.select_box {
  position: relative;
  width: 120px;
  height: 45px;
  background-color: #777;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.option_box {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  list-style-type: none;
  background-color: #ccc;
  padding: 0;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  display: none;
}
.option_box li {
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 5px 0;
}
.option_box li:hover {
  background-color: #777;
}
.option_box.open {
    display: block;
}

      1
      <input class="input_val" type="hidden"  value="">

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      <input class="input_val" type="hidden"  value="">

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A: Мой ответ, это доработанный ответ, который дал @Избыток сусликов
Дело в том, что постоянно следить за кликами по документу, это очень ресурсозатратно, особенно если учесть, что каждый раз при клике проверяется наличие класса select_box у элемента по которому кликнули и у всех его родителях. Поэтому я вынес поиск в отдельную функцию, которая начинает работать, только после того как меню активируется и перестает работать, когда сработает условие для закрытия меню. Тем самым решается проблема описанная выше.

$('.select_box').click(function () {
    $(this).children('.option_box').toggleClass('open');
    // Начинаем следить за кликами по документу
    $(document).bind('click', HandlerPar);
});

function HandlerPar(e) {
    // Если кликнули за пределами select_box
    if (!$(e.target).hasClass("select_box") &&
        $(e.target).parents(".select_box").length === 0)
    {
    // Удаляем класс open у классов option_box
        $(".option_box").removeClass("open");
    // И перестаем следить за кликами по документу
        $(document).unbind('click', HandlerPar);
    }
}
.container {
  display: flex;
}
.select_box {
  position: relative;
  width: 120px;
  height: 45px;
  background-color: #777;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  margin: 0 10px;
  cursor: pointer;
}
.option_box {
  position: absolute;
  top: 100%;
  left: 0;
  list-style-type: none;
  background-color: #ccc;
  padding: 0;
  width: 100%;
  text-align: center;
  display: none;
}
.option_box li {
  cursor: pointer;
  padding: 5px 0;
}
.option_box li:hover {
  background-color: #777;
}
.option_box.open {
    display: block;
}

      1
      <input class="input_val" type="hidden"  value="">

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3

4

      2
      <input class="input_val" type="hidden"  value="">

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A: jQuery + чистый js. Добавьте к js такой код.

$(document).click(function (e) {
  if(e.target.classList.contains("select_box") == false) {
    $(".option_box").removeClass("open");
  }
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Completely dead then I think, sounds like the motor's failed. Hard drives are such delicate things, and they were never ever designed to be shoved in tiny metal cases and sit on your desk, just begging to fall off the side. External HDDs are one of the least reliable forms of storage.
Which is a better 3TB external hard drive?
Why did I need this for my harddrive?
Laptop is fked - too much pron??
I'm looking for a Mac compatible external hard drive, any recommendations?
What do you store on your computer's hard drives?
Alternatives to Google Drive for storage?