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Who's Who Bios
Last names beginning with "R"
Click on underlined names to see their biographies!
~ Rankin ~
Rankin, Alfred (1876-1971) - son of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Married Fannie Sutton Burkholder (1881-1923).
Rankin, Elizabeth Ann (1872-1887) - daughter of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Died young.
Rankin, George Washington (1881-1970) - son of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Married Daisy M. Franks ( ? - ? ) and Lillie "Pearl" Fields (1887-1927).
Rankin, James Henry (1868-1888) - son of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Died young.
Rankin, John William (1861-1918) - son of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Married Phoebe Ann Maust (1861-1934).
Rankin, Margaret Ann (1879-1965) - daughter of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Married Charles E. Fike (1875-1940).
Rankin, Marinda (1870-1959) - daughter of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Married Jacob King (1868-1959).
Rankin, Minerva (1874-1890) - daughter of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Died young.
Rankin, Robert Alexander (1885-1887) - son of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Died young.
Rankin, Sarah Jane (1866-1949) - daughter of Robert and Hester Ann (Minerd) Rankin. Married Charles J. Addis (1869-1927).
~ Ream ~
Ream, Alfred Boyd (1913-1914) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Died young.
Ream, Alma Leora (1909-1999) - daughter of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Robert "Cricket" Sands (1907-1988).
Ream, Arthur Paul (1914-1989) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Alverta Mae Stull (1911-2001).
Ream, Bertha Blanche (1897-1954) - daughter of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Donald W. Conn (1905-1991).
Ream, Catherine (1794-1886) - daughter of John and Anna Rosina (Weitzel) Ream and stepdaughter of Catharine (Minerd) Ream. Married David Jennings (1790-1872).
Ream, Catherine (1830- ? ) - daughter of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married George T. Woods (1821- ? ).
Ream, Charles David (1904-1982) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Sarah "Isabel" Nickelson (1909-2005).
Ream, Cyril "Edgar" - (1896-1978) son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Nora Pearl Harbaugh (1897-1945) and Florence Mitchell ( ? - ? ).
Ream, Erma Ruth (1921-2003 ) - daughter of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Galon Glen Younkin (1925-2002 ).
Ream, Ethel Irene (1899-1975) - daughter of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married William Elliot Harbaugh ( ? -1973).
Ream, George Washington (1912-1986) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Thelma Mae Welsh (1914-1997).
Ream, Harold Landa (1907-1928) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Never married.
Ream, Harvey Joseph (1905-1985) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Grace Nevada Hall (1913-1941) and Clema Cleo Faye Sterner (1925- ).
Ream, Hazel Magdalene (1901-1912) - daughter of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Died young.
Ream, Henry T. (1822-1901) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married Jane (?) (1823-1864?) and Almeda Hirsch (1834- ? ).
Ream, Herbert Matthias (1910-1991) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Florence M. Rugg (1917-2000).
Ream, Jacob W. (1827- ? ) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Reputedly married Henrietta Shafford ( ? - ? ).
Ream, James A. (1818-1909) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married Eleanor Colburn (1827-1919).
Ream, John II (1832-1834) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Died young.
Ream, Julia Ann (1820-1895) - daughter of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married Jesse B. Nicklow (1822- ? ).
Ream, Letitia Alice (1902-1970) - daughter of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Robert Ami Silbaugh (1898-1965).
Ream, Levi (1816-1903) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married Hila King ( ? -1864).
Ream, Louisa Ann (1811- ? ) - daughter of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married William Wilkins ( ? -1850s).
Ream, Lydia Ann (1836-1892) - daughter of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Never married.
Ream, Mary Ann (1790- ? ) - daughter of John and Anna Rosina (Weitzel) Ream and stepdaughter of Catharine (Minerd) Ream. Married Michael Weyand Sr. (1789- ? ).
Ream, Mary Ann (1825- ? ) - daughter of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married Jehu McMillan (1822--1900).
Ream, Norman Richard (1916-1993) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Mabel Eleanor Fera (1923-2006).
Ream, Osborne Warren (1918-1980) - son of Joseph W. and Sarah E. (Harbaugh) Ream. Married Gertrude Sara Osler (1916- ).
Reams, Otho (1815-1891) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married Marietta Smith (1829-1907).
Ream, Rosanna (1838-1891) - daughter of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Married William McMillan (1837- ? ).
Ream, Samuel W. (1788-1874) - son of John and Anna Rosina (Weitzel) Ream and stepson of Catharine (Minerd) Ream. Married Mary Rheims (1795-1874).
Ream, Thomas Sr. (1786-1840) - son of John and Anna Rosina (Weitzel) Ream and stepson of Catharine (Minerd) Ream. Married Barbara Haines ( ? - ? ).
Ream, William (1823- ? ) - son of Samuel W. and Mary (Rheims) Ream. Reputedly married Sarah McNeill (1824- ? ).
~ Richardson ~
Richardson, Elizabeth (1814-1872) - daughter of Jane (Richardson) Miner and stepdaughter of Frederick Miner Sr. Never married.
~ Roberts ~
Roberts, Ru Percy (1871-1903) - son of William C. and Diantha E. (Miner) Roberts. Married Reble (Rebecca?) ( ? - ? ).
~ Rose ~
Rose, Andrew Jackson, Jr. (1870-1947) - son of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose Sr. Never married.
Rose, Charles H. (1876?-1951) - son of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose Sr. Married Alcestia Ritenour (1881-1948).
Rose, Jackson Grant (1871-1961) - son of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married Rebecca Cunningham (1875-1947).
Rose, Jennie Belinda (1861-1930) - daughter of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married William Burgess (1863-1890s?).
Rose, John N. (1862-1926) - son of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose Sr. Married Carrie Eicher ( ? - ? ).
Rose, John Wesley (1850-1927) - son of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Never married.
Rose, Levi (1856-1952) - son of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married Annie Leichliter (1867-1907).
Rose, Louisa (1863-1956) - daughter of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married Samuel Thomas (1865-1929).
Rose, Sarah Ann (1844-1929) - daughter of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married Lewis Firestone (1834-1930).
Rose, Sarah "Sadie" (1874-1948) - daughter of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose Sr. Married Jacob B. Witt (1874-1947).
Rose, Susanna A. ( ? - ? ) - daughter of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose. Died young.
Rose, Susannah E. (1853-1935) - daughter of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married Levi Durst (1852- ? ).
Rose, Ulysses "Grant" (1865-1936) - son of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose Sr. Married Harriet Margaret Trout (1871-1961).
Rose, William (1866-1916) - son of Charles and Catherine (Minerd) Rose. Married Margaret Leichliter (1876-1941).
Rose, William (1868-1907) - son of Andrew Jackson and Susanna (Minerd) Rose Sr. Never married.
~ Rowan ~
Rowan, Allen H. (1852-1928) - son of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Married Joanna Anna Linderman (1858- ? ).
Rowan, David J. (1845-1876) - son of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Married Sarah "Catherine" Johnson (1846-1924).
Rowan, Elizabeth (1831- ? ) - daughter of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Fate unknown.
Rowan, George E. (1868-1944) - son of Jonas and Julia Ann (Williams) Rowan. Married Althea "Alice" Prinkey (1875-1946).
Rowan, Goldie Lucinda Jane (1897-1903) - daughter of Allen H. and Anna (Linderman) Rowan.
Rowan, Jonas (1833-1872) - son of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Married Julia Ann Williams (1836-1908).
Rowan, Josiah (1835-1865) - son of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Never married.
Rowan, Leonard H. (1838-1862) - son of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. May not have married.
Rowan, Marshall Ellsworth (1885-1953) - son of Allen H. and Anna (Linderman) Rowan. Married Jennie Steyer (1883-1946).
Rowan, Rebecca (1861-1929) - daughter of Jonas and Julia Ann (Williams) Rowan. Married Charles L. Robbins (1861-1933).
Rowan, Sabina (1843-1844) - James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Died young.
Rowan, Samuel (1848-1853) - son of James and Catherine (Harbaugh) Rowan. Died young.
Rowan, William Austin (1879-1955) - son of Allen H. and Anna (Linderman) Rowan. Married Hattie Johnson (1884-1918) and Margaret Thomas (1907-1977).
See Other Last Names Beginning with:
~A~ ~B~ ~C~ ~D~ ~E-F~ ~G~ ~H-I~
~J~ ~K~ ~L~ ~Ma-Mil~ ~Min~ ~Mo-Mu~
~N-O~ ~P-Q~ ~R~ ~S~ ~T~ ~U-V~ ~W-X~ ~Y-Z~
Copyright © 2000-2009, 2014-2017 Mark A. Miner


Probably the best hotel in Hanoi, the luxurious and colonial Sofitel Metropole located right in the heart of the city is perfect if you like exploring a little on foot as well. The rooms and suites are set over three different wings, but all classically and stylishly designed. This is real colonial style luxury at its best.
Rooms and suites are divided between the original Metropole wing and the new Opera wing. The elegant Spices Garden Restaurant offers superb Asian cuisine with a local flavour while Le Beaulieu, a long-time favourite venue for fine dining in the capital, serves up the best of French cuisine and fine wines. Le Club Bar is the perfect venue for drinks and its afternoon chocolate buffet has become a Hanoi tradition.


For the perfect outfit, the question arises whether you can pay attention to the same color or color group with the handbag and your shoes or decide individually. In the current fashion, there are hardly any fixed and non-crazy rules, yet the right combination of colors plays a very important role in the effect of your look.
The fact is, the same is true. But also the thesis: Opposites attract is valid. Whether you choose complementary colors or a color combination, depends on the occasion and your overall outfit. If you prefer it simple and classic, bag and color should have the same color and should be chosen from the same material. If you want to stand out and establish yourself as a trendsetter, you can take advantage of complementary colors and thus set several points of view in your look.
In fashion, there is no must, but many must haves!
Before you think about the color of the handbag or the shopper, you should decide for a basic color in the outfit. With the matching pumps or other shoes you have already created the basis, which emphasizes your personality and brings out your advantages to the best. From a rather simple look, you can make an eye-catcher by using accessories, for example if you decide for strong colors and choose the bag as well as your shoes in red or green. If the basic colors are black or white, you can grab the accessories deep into the color pot and proverbially color. Think of fashion as an area of art, and be creative, unless you are confused with colorful colors, and too many colors or patterns are inappropriately matching each other. For the ball or a visit to the theater and your particularly elegant outfit for the evening, it is advisable not to choose too colorful and definitely stay in a color group.
In doing so, you can concentrate on different nuances or choose shades, which create a color interplay and give your look a noble touch.According to palmyrachic, Intense color contrasts such as blue shoes with a red bag are suitable for the excursion to a club, prove to be inappropriate in the theater or on a special occasion. The ladies' fashion gives you a lot of room, no matter if you prefer gray, white or black, you have glittered with gold or silver tones or chosen strong colors for you. Even more important than the color equality between the shoes and the handbag is the choice of colors by your type. With a pale complexion, you should choose rather muted colors and abstain from violet or blue tones. These would make you look even paler and are therefore more suitable for ladies who have a bronze and fresh complexion.
Good style or unnecessary equality?
In the past, it was customary to match the bag to the color of the shoes and to orientate them both to the outfit. A handbag, which was not found in the shoes or at least in the belt, was considered as a break in style and was regarded as an unforgivable faux pas in the fashion world. Today you have a much wider range to choose from and do not have to worry about a break if your shoes do not have the same color as the shopper or small handbag for your outfit. Surely, handbags matched to the shoes are something noble, but in the actual fashion no more need. For the elegant evening outfit this combination is recommended, especially since an evening outfit for special occasions should not include more than two to three colors. More important than the coordination of the colors is however the combination of styles, experts of the fashion industry know. You should consider less with the colors than much more with the styles and their compatibility.
Because a red sports bag to red pumps harmonizes colorfully, but is an unpardonable style break and leaves your entire outfit unplanned and chaotic. For a rounded overall look, choose shoes and bags from a color group and be careful not to combine warm and cold colors with each other. If you stay with your accessories in the warm color group, you can combine all nuances of red and yellow tones, as well as the intermediate notes in the orange color spectrum and prove style. The same applies to the cold colors, where blue and green tones harmonize perfectly with each other. The reference to your accessories is the most important criterion for a look that is round and harmonious and expresses your style awareness. You can choose the color balance, but you do not have to wear color-matching shoes to your handbag or to match the pumps perfectly to the shopper.
After you choose your outfit for the occasion and stand in front of the mirror, you can try out different shoes and find out which pair fits best to your look. Do not worry about the bag at this time, but focus on the color and the style of the shoes. If you have found the perfect pair and are satisfied with your appearance, choose the bag. For an invitation to the evening you should do without pink or violet and a strong turquoise or yellow. If it is a strong color, you are well advised with red. Here you can choose different nuances and refer to pumps as well as a handbag, which are located in the strong but warm color spectrum. To be less noticeable, you can also combine the little black one with a white bag and white shoes or with delicate pastel colors. Today there are so many ways in which you can choose and the perfect look thanks to fashionable accessories. Even if the handbag and your shoes do not consist of the same material and the same color, you will still be a trendsetter if you are looking for a harmonious combination in style.
Conclusion:You do not necessarily have to use the same color for bags and shoes. With an elegant outfit this decision proves to be very noble and purposeful, while it is not necessary with a sporty or individual look. Color diversity is possible because the non-restrictive harmonizing style is the most important decision-making factor.


Qualify in just 4 days!
Did you know, you only need to be 18 years old to drive your horse box? Did you know it can take as little as 4 days? Most people don't realise how easy it is to drive their own horsebox, and spend a fortune paying other people to do it. We understand horsebox licensing nose to tail, so whether your horsebox is a B Category or C Category box, we can help.
At HGV Training Cost we understand that horsebox drivers need to learn a bit differently to commercial vehicle drivers, and that's why we'll give you a Horsebox Training Advisor to help you every step of the way. We'll ensure you gain the right licence to drive your vehicle safely and legally.
We also offer a dedicated Horse Transportation Course in association with Equine Distance Learning which will give you the skills and the confidence to transport your horse safely.


The load cells are sensors working on a principle of a transducer, taking force (weight) as an input and converting the measurement into an analog or digital electrical output. Rhopoint Components offers a wide range of load cells by the industry leading manufacturer Lord Sensing Stellar Technology, suitable for all industries and coping with the most demanding environments. Lord load cells come in variety of shapes and forms and offer range of load ranges, accuracies, operating temperature ranges, as well as options of hermetically sealed or submersible load cells, vibration tolerant and many others. Because of their high quality and reliability, they are the brand of choice for critical industries including millitary and defence, aerospace, oil and gas or medical, but they are a popular choice for automotive, pharmaceutical, power generation and alternative energy applications, too.
Can't find what you're looking for? Contact us, most Lord Sensing Stellar Technology load cells can be customised to meet all your needs.
The CNR950 rugged, compact and high capacity canister load cell from Stellar Technology offers maximum load ranges from 2k lbs to 2000k lbs with a high accuracy of ±0.25% FSO, ±0.15% FSO (linearity), ±0.15% FSO (hysteresis) and ±0.05% FSO (repeatability). The CNR950 series from Stellar Technology is designed specifically for force applications and constructed of welded stainless steel for the most demanding application environments. This device also features shock and vibration protection and each unit is shipped with a 5 point calibration.
The CNR960 high capacity / high accuracy tension and compression canister load cell from Stellar Technology offers maximum load ranges from 25k lbs to 2000k lbs with a high static accuracy of ±0.2% FSO (linearity), ±0.2% FSO (hysteresis) and ±0.05% FSO (repeatability). The CNR960 series from Stellar Technology is designed specifically for high capacity and high accuracy test and measurement applications with a high fatigue life greater than 100 million fully reversed cycles at FSO and high immunity to off-axis loading. This device is uniquely engineered to have a minimum deflection resulting in fast frequency response and constructed of electroless nickel plated carbon steel.
The LDP990 multipurpose clevis pin load cell from Stellar Technology offers maximum load ranges from 3k lbs to 200k lbs with an accuracy of ±0.2% FSO typical (repeatability). The LDP990 series from Stellar Technology is designed specifically for applications where clevis pins, shear pins, shear axles or pulley shafts are carrying the load, these load pins are ideal for real time force monitoring of loads carried by these types of devices. Constructed of all welded stainless steel and are hermetically sealed to meet the most severe operating conditions, they are also available with internal amplifiers providing high level analog and digital outputs.
The PNC700 general purpose, high accuracy pancake load cell from Stellar Technology, offers maximum load ranges from 100lbs to 100k lbs with an accuracy of ±0.05% FSO BFSL. These force sensors incorporate a threaded-through centre hole with dual diaphragms and uniquely configured mounting holes, these design features result in improved accuracy and increased rigidity thus reducing both the effects if off-centre loading and side loading. The PNC700 series from Stellar Technology are constructed of all welded stainless steel for very demanding application environments, with bolt-on or welded-on stainless steel electrical connectors.
The PNC710 general purpose, high accuracy pancake load cell from Stellar Technology, offers maximum load ranges from 100lbs to 200k lbs with an accuracy of ±0.1% FSO (linearity) and hysteresis of 0.08% FSO. These force sensors incorporate a threaded-through centre hole with dual diaphragms and uniquely configured mounting holes, these design features result in improved accuracy and increased rigidity thus reducing both the effects if off-centre loading and side loading. The PNC710 series from Stellar Technology are constructed of all welded stainless steel for very demanding application environments, with bolt-on or welded-on stainless steel electrical connectors.
The PNC720 general purpose compression pancake load cell from Stellar Technology, offers maximum load ranges from 100lbs to 120k lbs with an accuracy of ±0.1% FSO (linearity) and hysteresis of 0.08% FSO. These load cells incorporate an integral spherical load button with welded dual diaphragms for improved accuracy and rigidity. The PNC720 series from Stellar Technology are constructed of all welded stainless steel for very demanding application environments, with bolt-on or welded-on stainless steel electrical connectors as standard.
The PNC770 low profile, lightweight and precision pancake load cell series from Stellar Technology, offers maximum load ranges of 25lbs, 50lbs, 100lbs, 200lbs and 300lbs with an accuracy of ±0.05% FSO BFSL. The PNC770 series from Stella Technology are constructed of light weight aircraft aluminium for weight limited applications and incorporate an integral base for a more compact design with an integral cable.


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Hindi can't be imposed on others, says Adoor Gopalakrishnanhttps://indianexpress.com/article/entertainment/television/hindi-cant-be-imposed-on-others-says-adoor-gopalakrishnan/
Hindi can't be imposed on others, says Adoor Gopalakrishnan
National-award-winning filmmaker Adoor Gopalakrishnan says Hindi is a beautiful language, but it should be counted as a regional language and should not be imposed on others.
By PTI |Mumbai | Published: February 21, 2016 4:32:40 pm
Adoor Gopalakrishnan: A worthy heir to Satyajit Ray's tradition of filmmaking
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Gopalakrishnan, 74, played a major role in revolutionising Malayalam cinema and is regarded as one of the finest filmmakers of India.
"Hindi is a very beautiful language. There are very fine writers in Hindi, no doubt about that, but you cannot impose Hindi over and above others… not only administratively but even otherwise," he told PTI.
Adoor feels as India is made up of various cultures and traditions, an "exclusive" attitude will not work.
"Hindi was by official imposition only. Because officially they want to have one language kind of attitude from everybody… that's a very exclusive kind of attitude. India is a country of several different cultures, languages, styles of living.
"Naturally, you have to allow and understand that. It's all together only that India is made up of," he said, on the sidelines of the second edition of Gateway LitFest in Mumbai.
Adoor says that for a language to be classified as national, it should be spoken by the entire country.
"It is wrong when you think Hindi is a national language and other languages are regional. All the languages are regional, it becomes national only when everybody in the country speaks a particular language, but that doesn't happen," he said.
Celeb spotting: Aishwarya Rai, Sunny Leone, Nora Fatehi and others
First photos: Redmi K20 Pro Gold and Diamond edition priced at Rs 4,80,000
Celebrity social media photos: Pooja Batra, Mouni Roy, Katrina Kaif and others
The filmmaker pioneered the new wave cinema movement in Kerala with his first film "Swayamvaram" in 1972. He last made "Oru Pennum Randaanum" (A Climate of Crime) in 2008 and won Kerala state award for best director.
Adoor feels Hindi should be counted as a regional language, as people in many parts of the country do not speak it.
"In the North-East, in South, they don't speak Hindi. So, you cannot call it national language. These are languages used for inter-community dialogues, not more than that. Hindi is reaching more people because most of the North is speaking Hindi. It should be treated as regional language only," he said.
Adoor Gopalakrishnan
Hindi can't be imposed on others, says Adoor Gopalakrishnan
1 It was uncomfortable to get stuck in an airport for 2-3 hours: SRK on being detained at US airport
2 Subhash Ghai rues 'Hollywood imitations' in India
3 Shah Rukh Khan begins shooting with Alia Bhatt in Goa, see pic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Carsten Thurau (* 18. April 1967 in München) ist ein deutscher Journalist.

Leben
Nach seinem Abitur in Trier 1987 und dem anschließenden Wehrdienst arbeitete Thurau 1989/90 als Volontär bei der Tageszeitung Trierischer Volksfreund. Von 1992 bis 1998 studierte er Volkswirtschaftslehre an der Universität Trier, was er mit dem Diplom abschloss. In dieser Zeit arbeitete er bereits von 1992 bis 1994 als Mitarbeiter beim Hörfunk des Südwestfunks. Seit 1995 ist er Redakteur des ZDF.

In seiner Zeit beim ZDF arbeitete Thurau als Reporter in der Hauptredaktion Aktuelles (heute, heute nacht), moderierte die Sendung Diese Woche und berichtete von aktuellen Ereignissen – auch aus dem Ausland.
Von 1999 bis 2001 war er Redakteur und Reporter in der Hauptredaktion Außenpolitik und Moderator der Sendung heute – in Europa. Danach wechselte er von 2001 bis 2003 wieder zurück in die Hauptredaktion Aktuelles und berichtete in Auslandseinsätzen unter anderem aus den Vereinigten Staaten, vom Balkan und aus den Krisen- und Kriegsgebieten im Nahen und Mittleren Osten. Ab dem 1. Oktober 2003 war er Leiter des ZDF-Studios Rio de Janeiro. Von 2010 bis 2016 stand Thurau an der Spitze des ZDF-Landesstudios Sachsen in Dresden. Seit 1. September 2016 ist er wieder zurück in Mainz als Chef vom Dienst in der Hauptredaktion Aktuelles.

Weblinks
 Biografie beim ZDF-Presseportal

Journalist (Deutschland)
Fernsehjournalist
Person (ZDF)
Deutscher
Geboren 1967
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Drug Enforcement Administration head Michele Leonhart was recently grilled by Rep. Jared Polis (D-CO) on the differences between marijuana and hard drugs. The exchange ended up being quite humorous, as Leonhart dodged and weaved around every question that was thrown at her. Some of the highlights include Leonhart being unable to say if heroin is worse than marijuana, along with her declaration that prescription drug abuse was now the DEA's top priority.
Polis ended up cornering the slippery Leonhart by pointing out that marijuana is able to reduce prescription drug use and dependence by providing patients with a safe non-addictive alternative, and then demanding to know if the DEA would support marijuana legalization since it helps combat the agency's "top priority." Shockingly, Leonhart responded by saying, "We will look at any option for reducing drug addiction." Of course, no one actually believes that, but it was fun to hear a DEA administrator go on the record saying she would support marijuana legalization should it prove to be effective at reducing prescription drug abuse.
The Daily Mail recently published an article pointing out that prescription pain killers have overtaken car crashes as the leading cause of accidental death in America. It may surprise people to find out that prescription pain killers are often more dangerous than raw opiates. For example, hydrocodone is a relatively safe semi-synthetic opioid found in many popular prescription pain medications. However, the threat of death from an overdose is intentionally added to hydrocodone products by the inclusion of less effective acetaminophen (Tylenol). Acetaminophen poisoning is the leading cause of acute liver failure in America and the U.K.
Pure hydrocodone will not cause liver failure in the event of an overdose and it is more effective at relieving pain than acetaminophen. The same is true with other semi-synthetic opioid medications, such as oxycodone. People who abuse hydrocodone often use a method of cold water extraction to filter out the acetaminophen in the prescription medications to make them safer to consume.
Meanwhile, marijuana has proven to be an effective alternative to opioid pain medications, while presenting no threat of an overdose and no physically addictive properties.


Sep 10, 2018 · Sit and watch the water fowl or take the kids fishing. You can buy feed for the wildlife. Open year round, a delightful stop on a sunny day to relax and enjoy the small pond.
Hotels in Downtown Syracuse, NY. Things to do in Syracuse, NY – Destiny USA. Close proximity to downtown Syracuse, SU, Oncenter, and Armory Square.
Celebrate your style at Aloft Syracuse Inner Harbor, a hip new hotel that's conveniently located near all major highways and steps from the water, a short walk to Destiny USA shopping mall and just 6 miles from Syracuse Hancock International Airport (SYR).
Red Roof Inn Syracuse is a cheap, smoke-free, pet friendly hotel with free parking. hotels in Syracuse close to the Syracuse Hancock International Airport (SYR). Clark Reservation State Park, Nicholas J. Pirro Convention Center, Oncenter.
The Oncenter, 800 South State St., Syracuse, NY 13202 Phone: 315.435.8000, Fax: 315.435.8099. The Oncenter, perfectly placed in downtown Syracuse, NY, allows for.
The Post-Standard's Tim Knauss reports today that Onondaga County is considering using state money it secured to build an Oncenter hotel. shot of getting a hotel near the convention center if it tu.
Need a hotel near Syracuse University in Downtown Syracuse? Choose from over 12. Country Inn & Suites by Radisson, Syracuse North, NY. 401 7th North St, and Carrier Dome. OnCenter Complex and Everson Museum of Art are also.
Located on the north side of town, Syracuse Hancock International is a laid-back facility home to unique offerings ranging from interactive exhibits on aviation and local art strewn about the terminals.
The Parkview Hotel. 713 E Genesee Street Syracuse, New York 13210 United States. Check-In: 3:00 P.M. EST Check-Out: 12:00 P.M. EST. View Hotel Details.
Premier Parking provides the opportunity to park in the west end of the Orange Lot, near the main entrance of the facility. The cost varies per show and is.
Sep 18, 2018 · Thank you for your visit and for your review. I'm sorry that you were given the impression that Syracuse has little else to see than the Museum, which houses an original 19th century Erie Canal structure, an engineering marvel of its time.
Hotels & places to stay near Carrier Dome, Syracuse (United States of America). 6646 Old Collamer Road, East Syracuse, NY. This hotel in Syracuse has.
Map of Hotels near Lakeview Amphitheater Address: 490 Restoration Way, Syracuse, NY 13209 Zoom in (+) to see interstate exits, restaurants, and other attractions near hotels.
Compare the prices of 65 hotels in Syracuse, USA. The city of Syracuse, NY welcomes thousands of business travellers and leisure tourists each week. Downtown is also home to the Oncenter, a multipurpose conference and event centre that hosts. A number of hotels can be found on or near the university campus.
Find the best things to do, places to eat, and plan your next trip to Syracuse New York. Visit Syracuse is your official resource for visiting the Central New York and the Finger Lakes regions. Formerly known as the Syracuse Convention & Visitors Bureau, Visit Syracuse is the oldest tourism bureau in New York State, and is a partner of I Love NY.
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Explore cheap Syracuse hotels near Museum of Science and Technology & Erie Canal Museum with No. Country Inn & Suites by Radisson, Syracuse North, NY. Everson Museum of Art and OnCenter Complex are also within 10 minutes.


144 MMS November 2017 mmsonline.com FABTECH 2017 November 6 - 9 WHEN: November 6-9, 2017 WHERE: McCormick Place (Chicago, Illinois) ONLINE AT: fabtechexpo.com Fabtech 2017 Fabtech is bringing together some 1,700 metal-forming, fabricating, welding and finishing suppliers to an expected 50,000+ attendees at this year's show. Visitors will also have access to over 150 technical, operational, economic and managerial education sessions. This section shows a sampling of some of the products to be found on the exhibition floor. THREE-A XIS BED MILL DESIGNED FOR SMALL LOT WORK SOUTHWESTERN INDUSTRIES INC., BOOTH A5076 S o u t h w e s t e r n Industries and Trak Machine Tools will s h o w c a s e t h e DPMSX3P three- a x i s b e d m i l l fo r s m a l l l o t w o r k , f e a t u r i n g Tr a k 's P r o t oTr a k C N C technology. Southwestern Industries Inc., call 800-421-6875 or visit southwesternindustries.com. BANDSAW AUTOMATICALLY MAKES COMPLEX CUTS COSEN SAWS INTERNATIONAL, BOOTH A4455 The AV-2026NC bandsaw is Cosen's solution for automation in structural steel fabrication, combin- ing the company's vertical tilt frame saw with its Mechalogix software and an automated feeder. The operator chooses the cut configuration on the touchscreen and the saw takes care of the rest, the company says. With a maximum capac- ity of 20" × 26" at 90 degrees, it is suited for cut- ting complex angles on the front, back or both ends. It can make a bullnose angle cut, which manufacturers often use for bracing parts. The saw is also capable of making opposing angles, parallelograms, polygons and straight cuts. The saw feeds up to 59" per single shuttle that can be programmed to index up to 999" of material. It is designed to have tight tolerances and repeat- ability to save time and money. Cosen Saws International, call 877-729-4641 or visit cosensaws.com.


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Feb. 10, 2011 Mitsue Ikei, 86, of Honolulu, retired owner of Saimin House, died in Honolulu. She was born in Honolulu. She is survived by sons Jesse and Wallace, daughters Gainor Miyashiro and Jo Ann Shito, brothers Seiko and Thomas Nakadomari, sisters Asano Shimabukuro and Mildred Williams, nine grandchildren and six great-grandchildren. Visitation: 11:30 a.m. Sunday at Hosoi Garden Mortuary. Services: 12:30 p.m. Casual attire. No flowers.


Fertility Lab Insider - Lessons learned from over fifteen years of working inside fertility labs. » Blog Archive » Can I get cheaper drugs from other countries?
Please don't sabotage your IVF cycle	 Sperm Injection: The good, the bad and the ugly.
A reader wanted to know if I could post about using drugs from overseas pharmacies so I did a little research and pulled together some internet links for you to read about this topic in more detail if you are interested. It turns out to be a very complicated question with both personal and international implications. The short answer is, "Yes, you can buy cheaper drugs from overseas"–.
BUT, there are worrisome issues you should consider.
1). Is your re-imported drug safe and effective? It turns out that there is no consumer protection mechanism in place for you to be guaranteed that the drug you buy on-line is the same when it is re-imported. When drugs are manufactured here, the FDA requires that drug makers meet certain requirements to sell to the US consumer. If the drug maker screws up and an approved drug has problems, the FDA can force them to remove it from market or even shut down the manufacturing plant. When a US company manufactures drugs overseas for the US market, the FDA also inspects those plants and holds the manufacturer responsible for careful control of its product and importation into the US as its primary market. The same oversight does not apply when drugs are produced for sale overseas and then re-imported to the US as a secondary market. You can't be 100% sure that the re-imported drug was maintained properly in storage and transport. The FDA summarized their concerns in this testimony to the Senate Committee on Heath, Education, Labor and Pensions.
2). Are your re-imported drugs the real thing? Counterfeit drugs produced overseas are big business and a big problem, especially in developing countries. Your risks of getting counterfeit drugs are probably less from Canada than from some of the developing countries, according to the CDC, but it is impossible to know whether you have the real thing unless it is subjected to a chemical analysis. The CDC has published some recommendations for consumers regarding the risks associated with buying drugs overseas, even from Canadian on-line pharmacies.
3). Is your on-line pharmacy legit? The National Association of Boards of Pharmacy has advice for consumers on how to tell if their on-line pharmacy is legitimate. They post a list of on-line pharmacy sites that they DO NOT RECOMMEND because these sites appear to be out of compliance with US pharmaceutical standards. They also post a list of recommended sites. The NABP explains the five criteria for non-compliance that get a site black-listed. Number one criteria for rejection is that the pharmacy is not located in the US so the recommended on-line pharmacies are all based in the US, an obvious limitation of this list.
It turns out that safety and efficacy aren't the only issues to be solved. I think there has to be a way for the FDA to extend its oversight to re-importation of drugs, but presently, there doesn't appear to be consensus on how to assure safe re-importation of drugs and even less political will to do it. I assume that providing FDA oversight to reimported drugs, if it could be done, would probably add to the cost of those re-imported drugs, making them less tempting to US consumers.
The whole topic of how drugs are priced is really complicated because drug prices vary depending on the market. For instance, pharmaceutical companies will provide life saving drugs (like AIDs drugs) to developing countries at prices near the cost of production. However, our more affluent domestic market will pay more for the same drug because the costs here include costs of development, not just production.
When we pay for a drug, we are paying for decades of research on the drug we are using and also paying for all the failed drugs that never made it to market. Many more drugs are stopped somewhere along the long path from basic research to clinical trials and never receive FDA approval. Those drug development costs are real costs and have to be made up somewhere. It is unlikely that the government will ever step in to do drug development research with our tax dollars (unlike some other countries whose governments subsidize drug development) so drug development will stay in the private business sector. If we want private pharmaceutical companies to produce new drugs for us, it will be subject to the laws of capitalism. There is no free lunch here.
Pharmaceutical companies have expressed concerns that new drug development will decline or disappear if their ability to recoup those drug development expenses decreases as more of us find cheap sources for drugs. Already, drug makers are reluctant to make drugs for diseases that aren't widespread (orphan drugs) because they know they will never recoup the drug development costs because the market for the drug is too small. The Canadians aren't happy about reimportation either because they are concerned their own population's drug supply will be shorted. The economics and international business aspect becomes surprisingly complicated.
"Drug reimportation practices in the United States" provides a impartial overview of the competing viewpoints surrounding drug reimportation. If you want to read a summary of arguments FOR reimportation, you can find the PRO argument put forward by the Center for American Progress in 2004. If you want to read the argument against reimportation presented by Pharmaceuticals Research and Manufacturers Research Association (PhRMA), you can find the pharmaceutical anti-reimportation argument here. This is not a comprehensive overview of all the viewpoints out there. Everyone has a dog in this fight, apparently.
My husband is employed by a global pharmaceutical company so our family directly benefits from this industry. We look for healthcare bargains where we can find them, like everyone else. We both have elderly parents on fixed incomes who are concerned about the cost of drugs they need to stay healthy. So like you, I'd love to see better availability of inexpensive, safe and effective drugs. It's not obvious to me how we will get all three –low price plus safety and effectiveness-through unregulated re-importation as it exists today.
The physicians I worked with discouraged patients from buying their fertility drugs overseas because they didn't want to have to worry about whether the drug would be active. There are enough variables to control and manage to get a stimulation cycle to go well without adding the variable of re-imported drugs. The bottom line is that there is some gambling involved with using re-imported drugs. You may get a safe and effective drug. Or not. The problem is there is no way for you to know for sure.
© 2010, Carole. All rights reserved.
thank you so much for this information! This is very helpful!


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Europe and Middle East, Italy, Liguria, Newsletter, Trip Reviews
Liguria beyond the Cinque Terre
09/10/2018 by Andy Mossack.
Riding an e-bike pedalling through the forest of the Cinque Terre national park, the sense of freedom and solitude I feel is liberating. There are the occasional tantalising glimpses of the Med and a vine terrace or two between gaps in the trees but otherwise, the silence is golden.
It is a far cry from yesterday, when I walked between Vernazza and Monterosso, two of the famous five villages of the Cinque Terre. The view was breathtaking of course; I might even class it as emotional. Quite how ancient vine terraces were constructed on almost vertical slopes is mind-boggling, let alone managing to harvest the grapes that make up that delicious Cinque Terre DOC white wine. Little wonder they only manage to produce around 5,000 bottles each year.
But it was very crowded, entailing much stopping and starting as I stood politely to one side on the narrow paths allowing other walkers to continue from the opposite direction. Having said that, I do feel a sense of co-operation and unity; spurring each other on as we cross breathless and sweaty on the steep steps.
Despite the obvious tourist traffic, the five villages of the Cinque Terre are still a must-see; a quite extraordinary collection of ancient and remote townships literally clinging to the sheer cliffs of the rugged Liguria coast. With no vehicle access available the only way to visit the Cinque Terre is either by ferry, on foot or, for the less energetic, by train, which shuttles between each village throughout the day. There is an added benefit of trekking all five in one day, and that's the frequent pit stops you can make in each one between all the climbing. A cold beer or an energy building pasta in the lovely little piazzas, a well-deserved reward for all the effort. Top tips: Restaurant Gianni Franzi down in Vernazza's tiny harbour square serves an excellent anti pasti della casa that includes those famous fried anchovies and a lot more besides. In Manarola treat yourself to some outstanding regional specialities at Manarola de Aristade where three generations of ladies perform culinary wizardry.
But there is more to discover here than simply experiencing the famous five.
I base myself in La Spezia because of its direct rail access to the Cinque Terre, less than a 10-minute journey away. On first glance you might have some doubts as La Spezia's former reputation as a rather colourful naval port town goes before it. It still is a working port town, a frequent dock for huge cruise ships using it as the gateway to Florence, Pisa, Lucca and of course the Cinque Terre.
But La Spezia has transformed itself into a very welcoming city. The partly pedestrian old town is a delightful place to wander the shops and restaurants around the twisty ancient streets. There's a daily food market offering plenty of traditional Ligurian specialities including delicious pesto, sardines and focaccia, of course, the staple defaults of the region. Wandering around La Spezia I feel I'm getting a true authentic Ligurian experience as a local rather than a tourist.
Away from La Spezia, tucked away on its own little peninsula on the Gulf of Poets, lies Portovenere; another gorgeous fishing town whose UNESCO protection is every bit as deserving as her famed five neighbouring sisters. Perhaps it's a consequence of putting more effort into protecting the historic Castello Doria than simply spreading the word about her beauty. All along the old harbour, the lines of tall narrow pastel-coloured houses, once dwellings for military defenders, seem to form a guard of honour for the Castello behind. The town's strategic importance and its triumvirate neighbouring islands of Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto did not go unnoticed by a host of former suitors. Everyone from Romans and Byzantines to Napoleon had a go at courting her. And her numerous bays and beautiful grottos provided the poetic inspiration for both Shelley and Byron.
There's no doubting the charm and elegance of old town Portovenere. Her peninsula isolation has seemingly made time stand still and in contrast to the famous five, there are fewer crowds.
I board a boat in the harbour for a 40 minute guided tour of the archipelago. Just €12 gets you a front-row seat of Portovenere from the sea, up close and personal with the blue cave and Byron's cave and a few glimpses of native white and black marble that the Romans found so appealing. Top tip: Grab a seat on the right side of the boat to get all the best views.
Standing imperiously over the harbour is the Grand Hotel Portovenere, a former convent but now a five-star hotel. Dinner out on the La Palmaria terrace is the best place to enjoy a memorable meal and people watch. The view of the old town from here is very special, particularly at sunset when the pastel colours of the houses become even more vibrant.
Later I meet up with Paolo Varella who heads up the Coop Mitilicoltori Spezzini, a local mussel and oyster farm cooperative supplying some of the best and freshest shellfish in the region. Paolo takes me out on his boat to visit the farm and shows me some of their unique green oysters. Oyster farming has been a recent introduction after Paolo, a marine biologist, became convinced the clean clear waters of the Gulf of Spezia would be an ideal environment for oysters to flourish. The mussels, on the other hand, have been farmed here for centuries, hand harvested in the traditional way to produce the very special cozze ripiene stuffed mussels.
Paolo fishes out a sack full from the water "I have to drop them off to a hotel when I take you back." He tells me.
"Which hotel is that?"
"The Grand Hotel Portovenere."
Somehow I already know what I'm having for dinner tonight.
Back on my e-bike Luca my park guide stops as we emerge from the forest and I drink in the view. Each of the five villages, Riomaggiore, Manarola, Corniglia, Vernazza and Monterosso are stretched out in a line far below us defying the Mediterranean on their doorstep. Up here, it's peaceful save for the toll of a lonely bell in the distance and the pleasant company of vines. Right at this moment, I can't think of anywhere else I would rather be.
All images (c) Andy Mossack
Tell me more about Liguria beyond the Cinque Terre.
You can find detailed itineraries on Liguria and the Cinque Terre at In Liguria
The Cinque Terre train MS Card provides access to the National Park, walking tours and unlimited train and bus services. From €16 pp for 1 day to €41 for three days. Discounted pensioner and child fees are available.
E-biking and guided bike tours are available from Sigeric E: info@sigeric Tel: +39 331 8866241
Grand Hotel Portovenere
Boat trips around Portovenere
Genoa is the nearest airport but you can also get to the Cinque Terre from Pisa.
Parking at London Stansted
One week's Meet and Greet airport parking at London Stansted Airport with Airport Parking and Hotels (APH) costs from only £68.90. To book visit www.aph.com or call 01342 859536.
Walking the Salt Route in Liguria
Hiking the Alta Via dei Monti Liguria, Italy
Liguria: Following in the footsteps of Shelley


October 9, 2015 – Washington, D.C. Multimedios and Milenio, Mexico's premier radio and television networks in Monterrey, and AudioNow ®, the world's leading mobile platform for in-language broadcasters, today announce the launch of a new Call-to-Listen ™ service, exclusive for mobile audiences across the United States and Mexico.
Multimedios and Milenio listeners can now hear the best of news, sports and talk by calling 605.475.8000 anywhere in the United States, and 899.274.66.61 anywhere in Mexico. Mobile calls consume regular airtime minutes, with no extra cost or long distance charges.
AudioNow ® helps broadcasters in Mexico and around the world reach listeners on any mobile phone through Call-to-Listen ™ and interactive mobile applications. Call-to-Listen ™ allows audiences without smartphones or internet to hear their favorite programs live, and on-demand. With access numbers in the U.S. and 35 additional countries, as well as state of the art mobile applications, AudioNow ® allows broadcasters to vastly grow their mobile audience abroad and in home countries.
"With growing demand for our programming, we are very happy to launch the new mobile service with AudioNow ®. It is particularly impactful for our listeners throughout the U.S. and different cities in Mexico, who will benefit from easier access to their favorite news, sports and entertainment from home or on the road," said Alberto Dominguez of Multimedios.
"Multimedios is turned to across Mexico and the U.S. for news and information around the clock. AudioNow ® is honored to increase accessibility to their programming, making their live broadcasts and popular programs immediately available on any mobile phone for American and Mexican audiences," said Natalie White Manager of Business Development at AudioNow ®.


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With incidents increasing, what's being done to prevent falls?
One-third of seniors over 65 fall each year. (Hinterhaus Productions / Taxi)
Judith Fredman fell in her classroom.
The now retired Spanish and French teacher was talking with students 10 years ago when she caught her foot under her desk, tumbled and fractured her hip.
"I could actually hear the hip crack," Fredman, 77, recalled. "I knew I needed something more than masking tape and Krazy Glue."
After surgery, Fredman spent the next six weeks in a rehabilitation nursing home, followed by intensive physical therapy and further operations. Her husband installed banisters on their stairways and grab rails and nonskid tiles in their bathroom.
RELATED: TRENDING LIFE & STYLE NEWS THIS HOUR
But the Millburn, N.J., resident said something else has lingered longer than the pain and medical bills.
"Now I have a fear of falling," she admitted. "If I go down even two stairs, I absolutely need a banister. I am always afraid of losing my balance. It's something in my head that just won't go away."
Fredman has made adjustments. "My husband's or son's arm is always there, and I take a balance class and work on my bone strength. Good balance is an absolute gift."
Fredman is not alone. In spite of growing recognition of the problem, fall rates are rising.
And never before has there been such a concerted effort to prevent those falls.
7 tips for preventing falls
One-third of seniors over 65 fall each year, causing more than 2.5 million injuries treated in ERs, leading to 734,000 hospitalizations and more than 30,200 deaths, with an annual price tag exceeding $40 billion, which is expected to rise to $60 billion by 2020, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The CDC predicted a quadrupling of annual deaths from falls by 2030, to exceed 100,000 if nothing is done to improve prevention.
This is why unprecedented research into falls and prevention programs is underway.
Kathleen Cameron, senior director of the National Falls Prevention Resource Center for the National Council on Aging, said she is seeing greater resources and attention paid to falls. Cameron said the U.S. Health Department's Administration for Community Living and the Affordable Care Act are financing fall prevention programs along with state public health agencies.
"People are hearing more about it because of new money going to it," she explained, citing last year's White House Summit on Fall Prevention and the annual Falls Prevention Day. She said the CDC is promoting a program to encourage health care providers to initiate fall risk assessments and interventions. Forty states have fall prevention coalitions. Cameron said nearly 80 percent of the costs of falls among seniors are paid by Medicare, shouldered by taxpayers.
"It's a huge burden for taxpayers and older adults, with the potential for broken bones and traumatic brain injury, as well as the loss of independence and out-of-pocket costs," she said. "The older adult population is increasing as the baby boomer generation turns 65. And many older adults also have multiple chronic conditions (diabetes, heart disease, chronic heart failure), which put them at greater risk of falls. Many take multiple medications, some of which cause dizziness and can lead to falls. And many older adults tend to be more sedentary, with weak balance and strength."
She said many physicians don't screen their patients for fall risks or ask if they've fallen recently. She said the most difficult obstacle is the widespread belief that falls are a normal part of aging and cannot be prevented.
"We can't stop all falls," Cameron conceded. "But we can greatly reduce the rate and severity of falls."
Dr. Thomas Gill, professor at the Yale School of Medicine, is a leader in a clinical trial at 10 sites around the country to test whether interventions can reduce the risk of fall injuries among high-risk older populations. He said the work is based on research by his colleague Dr. Mary Tinetti, a MacArthur Foundation "genius" fellow and fall-research pioneer who developed effective programs to prevent falls.
"Falls are a complex geriatric condition that arises because of a confluence of different factors, ranging from visual impairment and balance disorders to medication use that may impair cognition or lower blood pressure," Gill explained.
He said footwear choice and home environment, such as lighting, floor and bathroom surfaces, also contribute. In the study, a nurse fall care manager identifies home and lifestyle risk factors and prioritizes and addresses them.
"This is not a one-size-fits-all approach but is tailored to the specific needs of older persons."
Helen Lach, professor at the Saint Louis University School of Nursing, said that, since the 1980s, researchers have studied and explored the causes and risk factors of falling and have determined which interventions work.
"We know more about what to do, but we're not implementing those practices as much as we need to," Lach said.
She said more focus should be on educating insurance plans to pay for proven, evidence-backed programs.
"There is a return on investment for providing some of these fall prevention programs."
She said one barrier facing seniors who have fallen is the fear of falling.
"Many are worried to bring it up for fear of losing their independence, that they might have to move or end up in a nursing home," she said. "So providers may not ask and patients won't tell."
Jean Wyman, a professor of nursing at the University of Minnesota, said she's seen growing attention to falls from academic and government researchers.
"This is the first time we've seen such a widespread national effort," Wyman said. "But we're a long way from solving this issue."
Jon Pynoos, a professor at the University of Southern California Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and co-director of the Fall Prevention Center of Excellence in Los Angeles, said that if there is one message recent research conveys it is this: Many falls are preventable.
Pynoos said researchers have learned that exercise programs, including tai chi, can improve balance. He said homes are full of hazards that people don't recognize but can change.
"Throw rugs that are not secured are falls waiting to happen. Grab bars in bathrooms can keep someone from slipping. These are low-cost changes. There are simple things people can do in their own homes, which is where older people tend to spend most of their time."
Pynoos recommended that seniors and their families do quick exams of their homes and look for hazards and fix them. He also said pharmacists need to look for drug interactions that induce drowsiness and dizziness. State and local public health officials can also prioritize falls and prevention programs."
Sally Fullman has made fall prevention her life's work. Fullman, 74, A former college professor and retired sales rep, she learned she had osteoporosis 12 years ago after an ankle sprain and minor fall. She began to study her condition and later volunteered as an educator to teach balance and fall prevention classes with the National Osteoporosis Foundation.
Fullman fell again while swimming at the Jersey Shore six years ago, fracturing her tibia and suffering multiple hairline fractures.
"There was a lot of pain, and a whirlwind of depression swept over me," she recalled.
"I couldn't walk or exercise or go grocery shopping. I had to depend on others to take a shower or do my laundry. I was totally immobilized."
She said neighbors and friends helped her through that malaise.
"I developed this overwhelming sense of compassion for people who live in chronic pain alone without help," said Fullman, a widow. "I've learned just how much a fall can completely change your life. So it's really important to do what you can to prevent falls."
Mark Taylor is a freelancer.
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By mandosfriend - 23/10/2016 17:15 - United States - Pomona
Today, I got yelled at by a man for not opening my store 10-15 minutes before the scheduled opening time, which made his 84-year-old wife shit her pants waiting to get in. It didn't matter when I explained I had no way to know she needed to use the restroom. FML
You tried
Health hazard
By Relevance - 13/08/2010 04:03 - United States
Today, my husband fell for an online scam leaving us 1450.00 in the negative. We get paid tomorrow and most of our money is going to cover that debt. FML
By filipkm - 28/04/2016 22:04 - Slovenia - Ljubljana
Today, I learned that you should always check the inside of your guitar to avoid a snake bite. Nope, strings don't help. FML
By Mike - 20/12/2017 01:30
Today, I received the Christmas gift I bought for my sister in the mail. I also received a nearly $200 bill for shipping fees, taxes, etc. for a $50 blanket from Canada. FML
Hairline King
By Anonymous - 04/12/2021 18:01 - Pakistan - Plot
Today, someone told me I have male pattern baldness; they thought so because I apparently have a "receding hairline." It's always been this way, I checked my pictures from the time I shaved my head when I was 16. FML
By Shelle - 26/12/2012 08:53 - Canada - Vancouver
Today, my mother-in-law purchased matching Christmas presents for myself and my sister-in-law to open together in front of everyone. Guess who are now the proud owners of matching metal tampon cases. FML
By fall3nrain - 11/09/2009 21:07 - United States
Today, I was trying to keep myself occupied due to my recent breakup. I was reading this book someone gave me about animal communication, so after a while, I figured I'd give it a shot. Then it dawned on me; I'm single, at home on a Friday night, and I'm trying to talk to my dog. FML
Today, I turned 35. I was given my first-ever orgasm by the best lover I've ever had: a massaging shower head from Wal-Mart. That I bought for myself. It was the only gift I received. FML
I agree, your life sucks 110 064
Today, my husband got home from hospital following a suicide attempt that was a hair's breadth from being successful, and told me he did it because he can't handle being married, being a father, having responsibilities, then he moved out and refuses to come home. FML
By MeanMother - 28/06/2012 20:29 - United States - Saint Louis
Today, I realized just how much of a bitch I am when I grounded my son for not telling me what he got me for my birthday. FML
By C BOMB - 14/09/2015 23:58 - Australia - Toowong
Today, I was getting coffee when I pulled my lip balm from my pocket and started playing with it in my hands, tapping it on my face and lip. There were there two gorgeous guys in front of me who kept turning around and staring at me. I was actually holding a tampon. FML
By NotAnInLawFamilyMan - 10/12/2014 14:05 - United States - San Francisco
Today, my mother-in-maw informed us that she sold her house and is moving in with us so we'll "take care" of her in old age. She's in perfect health. We've only been married for 4 months. My wife can't stand her for more than 2 weeks at a time, let alone living with us. FML
By Stupendous_ - 03/12/2012 07:17 - Canada - Edmonton
Today, while visiting my widowed great aunt, she took out her wedding rings and talked about the love she and my uncle had. Smiling, I told her that one day I hope to have as happy a marriage as theirs. Her response? "Knowing you, I wouldn't count on it." My mother sat there agreeing. FML
By Océane Léana K - 01/09/2017 01:29
Today, after coming back from a trip to Africa where I got malaria, I went to the hospital for some blood tests. The doctor said, "Good news! You never had malaria! But they put you through a lot of dangerous treatments and now your liver has an anomaly." FML
Today, a guy rang my doorbell, yelled "Happy Halloween" and then threw a bunch of leaves that he'd lit on fire at me. FML
By spiderwoman - 15/04/2011 11:47 - United Kingdom
Today, I saw a spider crawling across a poster in my bedroom, so I smacked the spot below it to scare the spider into climbing back up the wall. Instead, because the poster wasn't completely flat to the wall, I catapulted the spider straight into my face. FML
By steph - 20/04/2009 04:11 - United States
Today, I wanted to change out of my bikini for the ride home from the beach. There wasn't a bathroom near, so I went to change in front of a suburban, parked far away from all the people. I took off my suit, hear the car's horn honk, only to find that the car was completely packed with old men. FML
Today, I was drinking from a water bottle while in a lecture. The water caught in my throat and it felt like I was choking to death. Instead of asking me if I was okay or trying to help, the guy sitting next to me told me to shut up. FML
Check 'em
By David H. - 23/12/2010 08:18
Today, I saw my first boobs ever, at 18, volunteering at a retirement home. FML
By MarBlu - 23/01/2014 12:53 - United States
Today, I came home from the army and explained to my family how tough it was there. Then, as I was walking away, I stubbed my toe on the couch, fell and cried. FML
By shadokis - 12/09/2012 18:31 - United States - Charlotte
Today, my 2-year-old cat finally decided to start catching mice. Like any other cat would, she left it for me to find. I found it in the middle of the night, as my bare foot rolled its guts out of its ass. FML
Bad, bad mom
By Anonymous - 03/03/2021 02:58 - Australia - Melbourne
Today, I got home from work a few hours early to find my mum cheating, right in the middle of the act. So much for a nice afternoon off. FML
By wilsmith - 01/02/2010 12:36 - China
Today, while in the elevator with the girl from my office that I've been crushing on, but never spoken to, I said "aren't elevators awkward?" After a long silence, she got off three floors before our office. FML
By michellenKG - 23/01/2012 05:05 - United States
Today, it's my birthday. The only thing I got was a coupon for a couples acupuncture session from my sister. I'm single and have an extreme fear of needles. FML
The Anti-Karen
Today, while bitching some girl out for spilling coffee all over me, she looked at me with accepting eyes and after I'd finished said, "I can understand your anger, big girls like you get grumpy when they're hungry." FML
By taternuts - 26/11/2011 12:18 - Canada
Today, one of my classmates pointed out that our professor has a habit of sucking his teeth at the end of each sentence. I'd never noticed before. I can't concentrate anymore, all I can focus on is his weird teeth noise thing. FML
By Anonymous - 24/11/2014 18:47 - United States - Charlottesville
Today, I decided to check out a dating site, when I stumbled across my ex wife's profile. She'd had it for four out of the five years of our marriage. And no, it didn't rate us as a good match. FML
By Noname - 16/03/2009 17:29 - United States
Today, I found an old dress in my house laying around. I decided to dye it green to wear it out on St. Patrick's day. Turns out it was my grandmother's wedding dress that my sister was planning to wear for her wedding. FML
You deserved it 179 570
By Ashleigh - 22/04/2011 18:43 - United States
Today, I was on a three hour flight to Los Angeles for a corporate meeting. The woman next to me instantly fell asleep and snored louder than a freight train, while the kid behind me made a hobby of thashing my seat from behind. When I peered over and asked him to stop, he spat in my face. FML
By AJShow80 - 13/04/2009 08:51 - United States
Today , I won 20 dollars on a lotto scratch off. My friend, pissed, makes me split the money saying its collateral for the gas money used to get us there. He then uses his 10 dollars on a scratch off, and wins 500 dollars. The jackass wouldnt split it. FML
By Cheese - 12/05/2021 00:02
Today, my sausage dog ate my cat's turds and barfed them all over my bed. Try convincing the girl you just brought home to get into bed after that. FML
By comfylap - 28/05/2010 23:30 - United States
Today, on the train, I was sitting next to a cute girl I didn't know. She fell asleep on my lap by accident and I just let her for the whole train ride. This is the closest I've ever been with a woman. FML
By MAWZ - 19/07/2011 06:33 - United States
Today, while I was showering, my brother thought it would be funny to burst through the door pretending he was a burglar. Panicked, I went to grab the soap bar as a weapon, slipped, fell and hit my head on the faucet. FML
By gonkc - 04/03/2009 07:05 - United States
Today, to remind myself to write a check for my speech and debate team (Lynbrook Speech and Debate), I wrote "LSD money" on the back of my hand. The Vice Principal saw it, dragged me to the office, and called my parents. FML
By Wilson - 04/10/2018 22:00
Today, I fractured my tibia, fibula, and tore a tendon in my ankle. How? You might ask. By stepping in a hole at soccer practice. Now I'll be out for the entire season with months of rehab. FML
By trick or not treat - 31/10/2009 22:26 - France
Today, I bought fifteen bags of candy for the trick-or-treaters. I sat outside with a bowl of candy the whole night. Only one person came. FML
By Aldoch - 30/05/2012 22:41
Today, my daughter was still acting out her teenage issues. This morning, when I told her to, "Have a nice day" she screamed at me, "DON'T TELL ME WHAT TO DO!" FML
Today, the police turned up. It turns out the girl I slept with two nights ago was burgled. She told my great aunt, who happens to live next door to her. They then told my grandparents, who then told my mum. I'm now a suspect. FML
By Puppylove - 26/02/2013 18:09 - United Kingdom
Today, I was at my friend's house, when she commented that her dog's fur kept getting tangled because of its length. I reached over to tickle his tummy, felt a big tangled knot and agreed that he needed a good grooming. Then I realized what I'd grabbed wasn't fur. FML
By PissedOff - 26/01/2017 14:25
Today, my husband sent me a short video of my snoring last night because I wanted to hear how bad I sound. The first few seconds went by OK, but for the rest of the clip I could barely hear anything else over the sound of my husband taking a long piss in our bathroom. FML
By Anonymous - 14/06/2015 15:37 - Croatia - Zagreb
Today, my wife paid a man with a fake crystal and an even faker accent to investigate the creakiness of our apartment complex floors. $300 later, she told me he'd found a "sinkhole of chi energy" and that the building may collapse if we don't pay him to disperse it. I want a divorce. FML
Dave_Davington 33
I think we all know what kind of situation this is.
Nat52482 25
In the time they spent standing outside your shop, they probably could have found a bathroom. Not your fault, especially since you didn't know and you weren't supposed to be open anyway. I do feel bad for the lady though.
manofmerr 27
I don't. Somebody tell me what kind of situation this is?
haiku575 22
A shitty one
cj89898 24
Sunday 6 November 2016 9:39
It's a bad one of course! (Notice how I avoided it and take it sarcastically)
Nonny_mouse 7
So you were supposed to open just so she could shit herself in your store instead? Maybe she should've gone before leaving her house.
sturschaedel 27
She probably even was. Or at least tried. When you are that old, digestion problems can be a real pain in the ass.
zeeba_neighba 10
Agreed! My 84-year old father has many health problems. It's in many ways like dealing with a little kid. Make sure they have their hat and mittens, their fly is zipped and they used the toilet before you leave the house.
xx000o 27
When you are old and you really gotta go, there is no excuse.
Dat_Class_Tho 26
I feel bad for the old lady, grannies often can't hold it and every bathroom break ends up being a desperate race to the porcelain. But like you said, you had no way to know she needed to go. And even if you did, many stores have really strict policies against having non-employees in the building outside of normal operating hours. Especially if you are part of a big corporate chain of stores, you can actually be fired for opening early. So I get why the old man was frustrated, but FYL because you didn't deserve to have that taken out on you.
OliverJasmine 9
Uhhhhh. When you have trouble holding it you get a thicker skin for going behind some bushes. Her husband was right there to keep watch. If its someplace without said bushes, then the chance of another store being open somewhere else increases.
jbivens1992 17
Its a bad situation all the way around but you had no way to know and don't carry the fault here.
el_Jeffe_D 11
Something here smells a little off. I wouldn't trust the man OP, but rather the wife. We know she isn't full of shit.
siidrraah 3
That's a shitty situation
Jhk9000 23
People today are narrow minded idiots.
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Now that you have your bucket list and an idea of how you like to travel, it's time to think about transportation. Your bucket list should consist of 3-10 places to visit. Pick three for now. Don't overthink it, you can switch later if you change your mind. Decide what the best mode of transportation will be for each of your three selected destinations.
For now, think just about how you will get to your destination. We will talk about how to get around when you reach your destination in a future post. You may not find a "perfect" option for you. Each of these modes of transportation will have noises and other stimuli that could be an anxiety trigger. Think about your triggers when considering each option. Here are your basic options.
Car – This is more time consuming than air travel, but faster than a bus and can be more fun.
Bus – Inexpensive, still time consuming, but takes away the stress of driving.
Train – More time consuming than air travel, but usually faster and more scenic than a bus. Train travel is fun and relaxing if you like to stare out the window at scenery.
Plane – Convenient, but expensive if you don't travel hack. The airport is often stressful.
Boat – Simple and convenient, but there can be a lot of interaction with other travelers. Freighters offer a unique experience but can be extremely noisy.
Walk or bike – Lots of people do this across countries or even entire continents. You need to be adventurous and in pretty good shape.
You can rank the options in order of most to least preferable before you begin if you like.
Although train and boat are my favorite ways to travel, I have done most of my travel by plane and car. I find train and boat travel soothing and like to be able to look out the train window at the countryside rolling past. These are more time consuming and have not always been a better option than air travel due to time constraints. Bus is fine when I don't want to drive myself, but I often find it frustrating that I have to go so many miles out of my way on some bus routes. Unless you are connecting from one big city to another big city, a bus is typically not direct. As long as you are not in a hurry, it can work well.
While I claim to prefer bus over car, I have traveled more by car. I usually hate driving and only do it when I have to. That said, I don't mind driving in more rural areas in nice weather. For example, I can manage a road trip to the western United States, but not to the east coast.
I might do some long distance wandering on foot someday, but for now the only walking I'll be doing is on walking tours and short hikes. I hate riding a bicycle, especially in areas with vehicle traffic, and I'm not likely to ever try it. I simply don't feel safe on a bicycle.
Here is an example of what an advanced traveler's list might look like at this point.
I hope these examples help guide you through the thought process of figuring out what transportation to use on your next trip. You can get creative with your transportation!
Subscribe to the blog so you don't miss my next post about lodging options.
Let me know if you have any questions and keep the community updated on your plans by leaving a comment.
Previous What type of travel will you enjoy?


The boys in the school hurling team have been training hard since their season began before Easter.
They started their Sciath na Scol campaign against Rushbrooke with a comfortable win. They then took on a fancied Cloghroe team, narrowly losing out. They showed typical Scoil Oilibhéir spirit by bouncing back with a hard fought win over Whitechurch. Another win in the final group game over Scoil Barra Ballincollig saw the boys in blue progress to the semi finals.
They take on Scoil Mhuire Lourdes Carrigaline on Tuesday for a place in the prestigious Sciath na Scol Finals. Best of luck lads and thanks to Mr Ryng, Mr Elliffe, Mr Barry and Mr O Driscoll for giving up their free time to train the team.


Prices for Employer Sponsored Coaching sessions vary according to the specific requirements of the sponsor, the coaching objectives, seniority of employee, size and sector of the organisation. Concessions are made for small private companies, public and third sector organisations.
Initial "chemistry" sessions are offered free of charge.
Often described as "Executive Coaching" because those in the executive grades are the ones most likely to be offered employer sponsored coaching.
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For those lucky enough to have an employer foot the bill, Michelle will partner with both the coachee and their employer, to explore ways to explore how to realise more of your career potential.
Coaching packages include an optional pre-meeting with the line manager and review of 360 / psychometric reports plus personality typing data. If no such data exists Michelle will offer a personality typing assessment to support the coaching assignment.
Clear coaching objectives are set at the outset of the process with both the coachee and organisation.
As Michelle has over 20 years' experience in management and leadership positions in the finance industry, including 10 years as the sole women on an executive board, she also extends her services to include an element of mentoring as well as coaching, when required.
Over the past 10 years she has worked on numerous such coaching assignments and takes great enjoyment watching the careers of her past coaching clients flourish.


Therefore, if you can in September/October the hedge line needs to be marked out and the weed or grass removed. This can either be done by spraying with an appropriate broad-spectrum herbicide (e.g. Roundup) or if you are organic, the hedge line needs to either be hand-weeded or rotavated before planting.
Normally it is unnecessary to add fertiliser to the soil, but if it is poor or very heavy ground, then well-rotted manure or garden compost can be incorporated into the soil. If manure is unavailable, then bone meal could be considered. You may also wish to add Rootgrow Mychorrizal Fungi, This treatment will increase your plant's secondary root system and enables your plant to access more nutrients and moisture, increasing its vigour and tolerance to drought.
These mixed species would normally include hazel, field maple and dogwood, with perhaps some guelder rose, spindle, crab apple and wild roses to add colour and variety for wildlife. Holly makes an excellent evergreen hedge but is slow growing and dislikes heavy wet ground (and is relatively expensive). It is, however, very shade tolerant.
Where the hedge does not have to be stock proof, then the numbers of thorns could be reduced and shrubs such as elder, wild honeysuckle, wayfaring tree or wild privet can be incorporated in place of the thorns. We have a variety of packs available to suit locations such as coastal, gardens, edibles and native planting. You can see our range here.
To help get your plants established you can use Rootgrow Mychorrizal Fungi, this should be applied directly to the roots, for bare-root plants it is often easier to use Rootgrow Mychorrizal Fungi - dipping Gel. This treatment will increase your plant's secondary root system and enables your plant to access more nutrients and moisture, increasing its vigour and tolerance to drought.
You could consider laying a length of polypropylene to act as a mulch, which will suppress weeds and encourage root growth and will also help retain moisture. The plants could be planted through slits in this material, and then the slits closed using, for example, pea gravel.
If polypropylene is not used, then a thick layer of mulch could be used after planting – i.e. well-rotted manure or composted bark – to help suppress competition from new weed growth.
Weeding the hedgerow for the first few years is essential until the plants are established and can begin to suppress the weed growth themselves. An annually applied mulch is of great benefit.
At the end of the first growing season, check the hedge and cut back any plants which have grown away from their neighbours. The following year again check the growth of the hedge and consider cutting back the top of the hedge to encourage bushiness. When your hedge is well established, it is good practice to cut the hedge into slight 'A' shape, this lessens the shade cast on the bottom of the hedge. Many plants flower and produce berries on the previous season's growth so an alternate cutting of the top one year and the following year sides will give you the best show.


text:
News Automotive Policy & business
Timken exits Desford
By System Administrator	 12th October 2006 4:30 pm 15th December 2015 4:09 pm
Timken today announced its intention to exit its European seamless steel tube manufacturing operations located in <?xml:namespace prefix = st1 ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:smarttags" />Desford, England.
'The proposed action is part of the company's strategy to focus on lines of business that produce differentiated products while driving profitable growth,' said Salvatore J. Miraglia, Jr, president of Timken's Steel Group. 'Exiting this business would further advance the focus of the Steel Group on differentiated products that deliver value to both customers and shareholders.'
The Desford facility generated sales of approximately $85 million to $95 million in recent years but has not been profitable. It manufactures seamless steel tube for machining and mechanical applications, primarily serving the bearing industry in Europe.
In conjunction with the proposed exit of the business, Timken intends to sell some portion of the plant's assets and secure an alternative source of steel tube for its European bearing operations.
ORNL reactor prepares to make 'cold' neutrons
9th October 2006 3:30 pm 15th December 2015 4:10 pm
Bombardier's ART for Malaysia
13th October 2006 10:50 am 15th December 2015 4:09 pm
Organic nanowires for smaller solar cells
News Aerospace
Protect and prosper
9th October 2006 11:00 am 15th December 2015 4:10 pm
Supporting synthetic fuels


text:
Q: Proving that $M \setminus {( A \cup B)} = (M \setminus A)\cap(M \setminus B)$ I want to prove that the above terms are logically equivalent.
M is a set and $A,B\subseteq M$.
$x \in M\setminus ( A\cup B ) $
$\Leftrightarrow x \in M \wedge x\notin A \cup B $
$\Leftrightarrow x \in M \wedge x\notin A \wedge x\notin B$
$\Leftrightarrow (x \in M \wedge x\notin A) \wedge (x \in M \wedge  x\notin B)$
$\Leftrightarrow x \in (M\setminus A) \cap (M\setminus B) $
Is this a correct proof? Can this be improved?

A: Hint: You are trying to prove $M\setminus(A\cup B)=(M\setminus A)\cap(M\setminus B)$.  Prove the following very basic lemmas and then apply them to this problem:
Lemma 1: For sets $X,Y$ contained in a universe $U$ we have $(X\cup Y)^C=X^C\cap Y^C$.
Lemma 2: For sets $X,Y$ contained in a universe $U$ we have $X\setminus Y=X\cap Y^C$.
Lemma 3: For sets $X,Y,Z$ contained in a universe $U$ we have $X\cap Y\cap Z=X\cap Y\cap X\cap Z$.
NB: You probably take Lemma 2 as a definition; most folks do.
EDIT: Your current proof (edited after I first posted) is correct and clear.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ivanka Trump Announces She's Shutting Down Her Fashion Line
Source: INSTARImages
By:OK! Staff
Ivanka Trump's fashion line is no more! In a statement, the mom of three announced she is shutting down her namesake brand after 15 years in business to turn her attention toward her work in Washington, DC.
"When we first started this brand, no one could have predicted the success that we would achieve," Ivanka's statement, obtained by People, began.
"After 17 months in Washington, I do not know when or if I will ever return to the business, but I do know that my focus for the foreseeable future will be the work I am doing here in Washington, so making this decision now is the only fair outcome for my team and partners," she said.
"I am beyond grateful for the work of our incredible team who has inspired so many women; each other and myself included. While we will not continue our mission together, I know that each of them will thrive in their next chapter," the statement ended.
Ivanka previously discontinued her fine jewelry line in March 2017 after it was dropped by Neiman Marcus. Then in February, Nordstrom dropped the entire fashion line after shoppers began boycotting it following Ivanka's father Donald Trump's presidential inauguration.
When Donald criticized the decision on Twitter, the store told Fortune, "We've said all along we make buying decisions based on performance. In this case, based on the brand's performance, we've decided not to buy it for this season."
What do you think of Ivanka ending her fashion line? Sound off in the comments below.


Built this little guy ourselves.
brake controller what is good?
What does a 12' stock trailer weigh?
Do I need another truck?
Boat trailer brake lock-up, why did it lock?
The team is complete ...... !
Moved: The team's complete ......... !
MAXEY Tilt deck trailer for sale.


Perfect wicker file for the office. Room for regular 8.5" x 11" paper, and more. In good condition with some breakage in the weave. Overall still a good lookin piece. Hang on the wall or let stand.
front consoles 6" x 3" and 2.5" x 3"


text:
Q: one action updates multiple reducers performance issue In the current app I have set up multiple redux reducers to store data. Lets just call them 'user-reducers' and 'pet-reducers'. The 2 are very similar, they both have a posts[]. Now whenever user likes a post inside posts[], an action 'likeDone' is fired. Now I have 2 choices of implementing the redux update:
Option 1: both 'user-reducers' and 'pet-reducers' listens to 'likeDone'. IMO, this is inefficient in the later stages when I have more similar reducers and all of them listing to one action.
Option 2: change 'likeDone' into 2 more explicit actions ex. 'likeUserPostDone' 'likePetPostDone' and each reducer reacts to the matched action. This way, reducer updates seem more efficient but there will be more action types later on which will end up with lots of 'switch - case' and I'm not sure if that is a good practice.
Thanks for reading and please tell me what's the best for my case.

A: Have both reducers listen to your action if they both change when that action occurs.  All redux reducers efficiently listen to all dispatched actions.  They ignore actions if it doesn't change state.
const petPostReducer = (prev = defaultValue, action = {}) => {
  const { type, payload} = action;
  switch (type) {
    case "LIKE_DONE": {
      const {id} = payload || {};
      const oldItem = prev[id] || {}
      const newItem = {...oldItem, like: true}
      return {
        ...prev
        [id]: {...updateItem, [id]: newItem};
    }
    default: {
      return prev; // Ignore all other actions != LIKE_DONE
    }
  }
};

It is fine to create more explicit actions, but you usually want to do so when you have different actions.  (There are always exceptions)
When possible, avoid logic in your reducers.
If pets and user data are very similar, consider changing your state shape and use one reducer posts.
console.log(state.posts) =>
{
   0: {type: 'user' like: false},
   1: {type: 'pet' like: false},
   2: {type: 'user' like: true},
}

Please avoid premature optimization. I often do things that are less efficient in favor of simple, concise, immutable, readable and useful code. If you are targeting a feature phone or find a real performance bottleneck, you will need to measure with performance monitoring tools. The JavaScript engine optimizations are continuously improving and results are often surprising.


text:
34. I stayed on the bus
"Years ago I had a friend who just couldn't take it any more. We were all quite young really, not all that long out of high school, so really who of us at that time knew anything much at all? Later he was going through some tough times in his life, and it wasn't all that long since his parents had split-up, so Mike had just been through that and the pressure of finishing high school (I used to ride to school with him on the bus), and you know how some people have a harder time at that, well Mike was one of them. Also his dad really put some hard expectations on him, a really ignorant old-school 'toughen-up' type attitude. We all noticed, and when the topic came up we all kind of thought it was the dad's putting his own shitty life dealings, which were all his own doing as far as we could tell, on to Mike.
"And there was that whole young-and-on-his-own insecurity thing going on with Mike, and at that stage of things I suppose we were all going through this to some degree… but Mike got the short straw with all that. It was so obvious that he was at a loss and not really doing fine, and he was smoking a lot of dope then too. He was the only one of our group who really got into that.
"It seemed like Mike was trapped. He really didn't have the capacity, couldn't shoulder all of the extra weight that was being dished out. And this from people who should know better, who should care and worry and take steps to do what they can to make it easier…. not make it harder.
"No one really expected that his mental health would crack like that. But I suppose being loaded up with the extra crap from everything else wouldn't have helped. And maybe I shouldn't say crack, because he seemed to slide into that state, like it was too steep, and gravelly, to hold on. Mike lost it and ended up at a psych hospital. I'm not even sure how he got there. I went in once and his younger brother was there, and I remember him sitting there complaining to Mike about how their mum was treating him… like Mike could deal with his problems. The brother was talking like they were still at home and the parents might be able to be reasoned with — he was so oblivious.
"Now, looking back, it seemed that we were actually no help. Mike's family, his friends, us, we must have been so inept and stupid about what was needed, about how we could have helped. We just didn't know, we were all so thick. It would be easy to lay the blame for his ending it all like that on Mike's state of mind, but then again how did that come to be… there's a cause and effect thing happening too, isn't there? Even at the time, and especially just after what he did, which would haunt us forever, I know that a few people had the dilemma to grapple with about what to do or not do, and all that amounted to was a whole lot of inaction. Someone, or all of us, or me, should have stepped up. But no one did. I used to ride to school with Mike on the bus. Now it was like I kept going, but he got off. I think afterwards there was a lot of passing the buck around."
Ever since, or at least when Benny was of a mind to remember his friend Michael's predicament and the conditions the preceded his suicide, Benny recognised that there could definitely be an unevenness of distribution of responsibilities, or duties, or expectations — and that with the people he knew out there, not every set of shoulders is built to take the same weight. Offloading a burden on to someone else may not always be a solution — this was something to remember. And I hoped Benny would remember too that he was also one of the 'people' I'm talking about, and that an eye needs to be kept on how wide or otherwise his own shoulders are too.
← 33. Do me a favour? Don't do me a favour! 35. If you charge ahead, where's the joy of expectation? →


TCE's family has expanded in just this past year. Normally we'd introduce you to them as they're hired. This time we thought we'd do something a little different, so we asked our recent hires to tell us what they've been up to since they've joined the team. Turns out, they've been up to quite a bit!
If you're looking for Brittany- checking a wetland might be a good start! She's often working with our Environmental Scientist, Karina, out in the field. Since starting here in February, Brittany has assisted in identifying rare plant species all over Vermont, took the initiative to start an Instagram account for TCE, taken courses to keep expanding her skills, and become our go-to gal for most GIS mapping needs in the environmental and wastewater fields. She manages our GIS Project Location Database, which involves documenting every single project that comes our way.
In May of this year she took a Wetland Delineation course through VTC, and began conducting her own delineations. Brittany has also been assisting in the GIS data management at TCE to improve our efficiency creating maps and managing GIS data. We can't wait to see what Brittany tackles next around here.
If you've got an issue with water, Colen's your guy. He started here at TCE in late November of 2017, so he's about a month away from being with us for a full year! He's been making the best of that time so far by obtaining his license as a Class A and Class B Vermont Wastewater/Water System Designer. He's been performing Wastewater Design and Permitting, hydrogeologic studies, Water System Design and Permitting, construction observation, stormwater treatment design and permitting, annual stormwater inspections, and much more. Colen has proven to be a very skilled engineer and has designed some large culverts, developed Spill Prevention Plans, and is improving his knowledge of the Public Water Supply Rules. Colen has quickly become an invaluable member of the TCE design team.
Heath joined TCE working in the Survey Department in April of this year, and is rapidly learning all the various types of surveys we do here at TCE from ALTA/NSPS to Construction Layouts. He manages the survey equipment and the equipment service contracts. Heath recently attended a VSLS conference on 3D Laser Scanning and Highway Case Studies. He also recently organized a training day for the TCE Survey staff, to improve skills on our Trimble S6 Robotic Instrument & Intergraded R8 RTK GPS. As for his regular day-to-day, he's currently managing four separate ALTA Survey Projects simultaneously in the Northeast Kingdom. You will see our big red survey trucks on the road anywhere from Bennington to Newport, so feel free to stop and say hi and ask about your next survey!
Nicole joined our Survey team in March after recently graduating from Paul Smith's College. Nicole loves working with our other crew members and isn't afraid of extreme weather, ticks, poisonous plants, or mountainous terrain, which are all part of the daily survey work . She's become adept at using all our equipment and Nicole has recently worked on multiple large construction stakeouts in Montpelier and Burlington. A construction site can be a dangerous and scary place, and she has learned to work safely in various environments. She recently helped lay out over 250 geopiers in Winooski, for a new affordable apartment building. Nicole likes working inside too, she recently helped update our survey field book database for quick future reference. Yes, we still use old school field books too! She's also working with Mark Day, our Vice President and Chief Surveyor, and Heath trying to improve our job costing and budgeting of future jobs. Nicole takes initiative! Equally helpful in at her desk and out in the field, Nicole is a great asset to our survey team!
Ryan is one of our newest hires, having started here in June of this year and recently graduating from Environmental Resources Engineering program at SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (ESF). Ryan has been learning from the senior staff and assisting with various tasks including septic design, deed research, soils investigation, construction observation, and stormwater / wastewater inspections – just to name a few! He's recently completed an ACEC Soils Course and an Erosion Control Workshop and is looking forward to taking his Class A and B site design courses. Ryan has a knack for computer code, and helping out with streamlining GIS processes too. We're as excited as he is to see his career take off!
Zoe and Ryan were hired just days apart, but in different departments. Zoe came on as our Accounts Receivable Coordinator/Administrative Assistant in June. Since then, she's branched out to fulfill some marketing needs here at TCE. Although she had never worked in an engineering firm before, she's a quick study and has quickly learned many of our office systems and processes. In fact, she's been instrumental in streamlining some processes and helping track contracts, reduce our Accounts Receivable and Days Sales Outstanding (DSO), which helps TCE improve our cash flow. She says that the friendly staff has made her feel right at home, and she's not afraid of asking a million questions about everything engineering. Her future at TCE is bright indeed!


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