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Justia Patents US Patent for Flexible electrically conductive contact for a switch which is actuated upon force being applied thereto Patent (Patent # 5,089,672)
Flexible electrically conductive contact for a switch which is actuated upon force being applied thereto
Sep 19, 1990 - Miller Edge, Inc.
A flexible, electrically conductive contact for a switch which is actuated upon force being applied thereto includes a first plurality of generally flexible fibers. One portion of the first plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically nonconductive material. Another portion of the first plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically conductive material. The flexible, electrically conductive contact further includes a second plurality of generally flexible fibers. One portion of the second plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically nonconductive material. Another portion of the second plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically conductive material. The second plurality of fibers is interwoven with the first plurality of fibers in the form of a sheet with the electrically conductive first plurality of fibers in engagement with the electrically conductive second plurality of fibers to form a flexible, electrically conductive sheet.
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The present invention relates to a sensing edge for a door and, more particularly, to a sensing edge having flexible, electrically conductive contacts for causing a closing door to open by by actuating a device upon application of force to the sensing edge.
The use of flexible, electrically conductive contacts in switches for sensing edges is generally known. Such sensing edges generally include an elongate sheath enclosing a pair of compressible sheets sandwiching a third perforated compressible sheet. Attached to the opposing faces of the pair of compressible sheets are flexible, electrically conductive contacts Upon application of pressure to the sheath, the flexible, electrically conductive contacts are deflected through the perforations of the sandwiched compressible sheet into electrically conductive engagement with each other to thereby actuate suitable circuitry for controlling the door.
The problems associated with such sensing edges are inherent in the material used for the flexible, electrically conductive contacts. Typical contacts are constructed of thin sheets of metal (e.g., aluminum foil). These thin sheets are sometimes adhesively mounted on a nonconductive backing (e.g., plastic sheeting, plastic film, asbestos fabric). An inherent property, as well as problem, associated with the metallic sheets is memory. When the metal is folded or dented it tends to retain its new shape. Continued folding and denting of metallic contacts causes fatigue and eventually breakage. Since the sheets of metal which make up the contact are relatively thin, the strength of the sheet is limited.
Consequently, there exists a need in the sensing edge field for a flexible, electrically conductive contact with improved flexibility and durability and which minimizes the adverse effects of memory and fatigue.
The present invention is directed to a flexible, electrically conductive contact for use with a sensing edge to cause a closing door to open by actuating a device upon application of force to the sensing edge. The present invention overcomes many of the disadvantages inherent in the above-described flexible, electrically conductive contacts by providing a flexible, electrically conductive contact which is comprised of a plurality of interwoven generally flexible fibers wherein a portion of these fibers are constructed of an electrically conductive material. The flexible, electrically conductive contacts of the present invention are generally memoryless when folded or dented. Thus, the flexible, electrically conductive contact of the present invention are durable to thereby reduce repair and/or replacement costs. Accordingly, use of the present invention results in considerable savings in money as well as time for repair and reconstruction and/or replacement of sensing edges.
Briefly stated, the present invention comprises a flexible, electrically conductive contact for a switch which is actuated upon force being applied thereto. The flexible, electrically conductive contact includes a first plurality of generally flexible fibers. One portion of the first plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically nonconductive material. Another portion of the first plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically conductive material. The flexible, electrically conductive contact further includes a second plurality of generally flexible fibers. One portion of the second plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically nonconductive material. Another portion of the second plurality of fibers is constructed of an electrically conductive material. The second plurality of fibers is interwoven with the first plurality of fibers in the form of a sheet with the electrically conductive portion of the first plurality of fibers in engagement with the electrically conductive portion of the second plurality of fibers whereby a flexible, electrically conductive sheet is formed.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purpose of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings embodiments which are presently preferred, it being understood, however, that this invention is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a front elevational view showing a door construction including a sensing edge in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a greatly enlarged cross-sectional view of the sensing edge of FIG. 1 taken along line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the sensing edge of FIG. 2 taken along line 3--3 of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a flexible, electrically conductive contact in accordance with the present invention taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the flexible, electrically conductive contact of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an alternate embodiment for the flexible, electrically conductive contact in accordance with the present invention taken along line 4--4 of FIG. 3; and
FIG. 7 is a greatly enlarged fragmentary view of a portion of the flexible, electrically conductive contact of FIG. 6.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
Certain terminology is used in the following description for convenience only and is not limiting. The words "right," "left," "lower" and "upper" designate directions in the drawings to which reference is made. The words "inwardly" and "outwardly" refer to directions toward and away from, respectively, the geometric center of the sensing edge and designated parts thereof. The terminology includes the words above specifically mentioned, derivatives thereof and words of similar import.
Referring to the drawing in detail, wherein like numerals indicate like elements throughout, there is shown in FIGS. 1-5, a first preferred embodiment of a sensing edge having flexible, electrically conductive contacts in accordance with the present invention. There is shown in FIG. 1, a building wall 10 having a doorway 12 provided with a door 14. While the door 14, as illustrated, is an overhead door having a sensing edge 16 in accordance with the present invention along its lower side or leading edge 18, it is within the spirit and scope of the invention to incorporate the sensing edge 16 described hereinafter along the edge of any door structure, such as vertically disposed or horizontally moveable doors (not shown) as desired. Moreover, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the sensing edge 16 is not limited to use with doors, but can be used for other applications, such as automatic windows.
Referring now to FIG. 2, the sensing edge 16 and the door 14 include securing means for fixing the sensing edge 16 to the leading edge 18 of the door 14. In the presently preferred embodiment, the securing means is comprised of a generally T-shaped member 20 on the sensing edge 16 positioned within a complementary T-shaped slot 22 in the lower surface of the door 14. More particularly, the generally T-shaped member 20 extends from an elongate outer sheath 24 of the sensing edge 16. Of course, the sensing edge 16 may be secured to the door 14 in any other suitable manner, for instance, with a traditional dovetail slot configuration (not shown). Moreover, it is also within the spirit and scope of the invention to secure the sensing edge 16 to the leading edge 18 of the door 14 by an adhesive (not shown) applied between the leading edge 18 and a peripheral face of the sensing edge 16.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, as mentioned previously, the sensing edge 16 includes an elongate outer sheath 24 compressible upon application of external pressure and fabricated of flexible air impervious material. The sheath 24 has a wall with an interior surface 26 and an exterior surface 28. The T-shaped member 20 extends from the exterior surface 28 of the sheath 24. It is preferred that the sheath 24 have a generally constant cross-sectional configuration, extending along the leading edge 18 of the door 14. In the presently preferred embodiment, the sheath 24 is generally of rectangular cross section, but may be of any other suitable cross-sectional configuration, such as circular or semi-circular (not shown).
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the sheath 24 be fabricated of a form retaining, but flexible air impervious material, such as rubber. The lower portion of the exterior surface 28 of the sheath 24 is for engagement with the door threshold or ground (see FIG. 1). The T-shaped member 20 is formed with the sheath 24 along the upper portion of the exterior surface 28 for releasably interconnecting engagement with the leading edge 18, thereby facilitating quick and easy mounting or removal and replacement of the sensing edge 16 with respect to the door 14. As shown in FIG. 3, end walls 34 (only one shown) close and seal the ends of the sheath 24.
Referring now to FIGS. 2 and 3, a first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 is positioned within the sheath 24 and includes a first face 36a and a second face 36b. The first face 36a of the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 is in engagement or corresponding facing relationship with the upper portion of the interior surface 26 of the sheath 24.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 and succeeding layers and sheets, described hereinafter, be generally sized to complement the internal configuration of the area enclosed by the sheath 24. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 and succeeding layers can be sized as wide or as narrow as desired, and be of virtually any length for accommodating different structures and uses.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 be constructed of generally soft foam rubber. It is understood by those skilled in the art, that the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 can be constructed of either closed or open cell foam rubber or of other materials having similar properties.
Just below (when viewing FIGS. 2 and 3) the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36 is a first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38 having a first face 38a and a second face 38b. The first face 38a of the first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38 is in engagement or in corresponding facing relationship with the second face 36b of the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36. The details of the first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38 are described hereinafter.
As shown in FIG. 3, an electrical conductor or wire 40 is electrically connected to the first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38 preferably by soldering at one end thereof. The electrical conductor 40 is used in connection with a circuit (not shown) for controlling the actuation of the device (not shown) employed for operation of the door 14, as is understood by those skilled in the art, in response to the application of force to the sheath 24, as described hereinafter.
The first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38 is in engagement with a layer of nonconductive material 42 having a first face 42a and a second face 42b for spacing apart the first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38 and a second flexible, electrically conductive contact 44. The layer of nonconductive material 42 has at least one opening extending therethrough between the first and second faces 42a, 42b thereof. As shown in FIG. 3, the layer of nonconductive material 42, preferably includes a plurality of openings 46 interspersed therealong, for reasons described hereinafter. The first face 42a of the layer of nonconductive material 42 is in engagement or corresponding facing relationship with a second face 38b of the first flexible, electrically conductive contact 38.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the openings 46 be generally oval-shaped in cross section. However, it is within the spirit and scope of the invention to configure the openings 46 of any other suitable geometric shape, such as square or circular. The layer of nonconductive material 42 is preferably constructed of generally soft foam rubber. It is understood by those skilled in the art, that the layer of nonconductive material 42 can be constructed of either closed or open cell foam rubber or other materials having similar properties, so long as the function of the sensing edge 16 is achieved, as described hereinafter.
The layer of nonconductive material 42 is in engagement with a second flexible, electrically conductive contact 44 having a first face 44a and a second face 44b. The first face 44a of the second flexible, electrically conductive contact 44 is in engagement or corresponding facing relationship with the second face 42b of the layer of nonconductive material 42.
The second flexible, electrically conductive contact 44 is connected to an electrical conductor or wire 48 for connection with a circuit for controlling the actuation of the door 14 or device in response to the application of force to the sheath 24.
Now referring to FIGS. 4 and 5, each of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 comprise a first plurality of generally flexible fibers 54, wherein one portion 54a of the first plurality of fibers 54 is constructed of electrically nonconductive material. In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the electrically nonconductive material be cotton. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the electrically nonconductive fibers 54a can be constructed of polymeric materials such as "DACRON", "KEVLAR" or the like.
The other remaining portion 54b (shaded) of the first plurality of generally flexible fibers 54 is constructed of an electrically conductive material. In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the electrically conductive material be a metallic material, such as copper. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the electrically conductive fibers can be constructed of other metallic or electrically conductive materials, such as aluminum or brass.
In the presently preferred embodiment, each of the fibers of the first plurality of fibers 54 is constructed of a plurality of intertwined filaments which form a single fibrous strand. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that each of the fibers of the first plurality of fibers 54 can be of single piece construction, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Each of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 further comprise a second plurality of generally flexible fibers 60, wherein one portion 60a of the second plurality of fibers 60 is constructed of an electrically nonconductive material. The electrically nonconductive material of the second plurality of fibers 60 is preferably the same as the electrically nonconductive material of the first plurality of fibers 54. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the electrically nonconductive material of the one portion of the first plurality of fibers 54 could be different from the electrically nonconductive material of the one portion of the second plurality of fibers 60.
The other remaining portion 60b (shaded) of the second plurality of generally flexible fibers 60 is constructed of an electrically conductive material. The electrically conductive material of the other portion of the second plurality of fibers 60 is preferably the same as the electrically conductive material of the other portion of the first plurality of fibers 54. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the electrically conductive materials could be different.
In the present embodiment, for both the first and second plurality of generally flexible fibers 54, 60, the ratio of electrically nonconductive fibers to electrically conductive fibers is preferably three to one, respectively. That is, it is preferred that the electrically conductive fibers be spaced apart by three electrically nonconductive fibers in a repeating pattern. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that other ratios can be used, such as two to one or five to one, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the second plurality of generally flexible fibers 60 are preferably interwoven with the first plurality of generally flexible fibers 54 in the form of a sheet first plurality of fibers 54 in engagement with the electrically conductive fibers 60b of the second plurality of fibers 60 such that a flexible, electrically conductive contact or sheet is formed with electrical continuity over generally the entire contact or sheet.
In the present embodiment, it is preferred that the first and second plurality of fibers 54, 60 be intertwined such that the first plurality of fibers 54 extend generally perpendicularly with respect to the second plurality of fibers 60. Similarly, it is preferred that the first plurality of fibers 54 extend generally parallel with respect to each other and that the second plurality of fibers 60 extend generally parallel with respect to each other. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the first and second plurality of fibers 54, 60 could be intertwined in any manner without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, the type of weave used could be basic, such as a plain weave, a till weave, a satin weave, etc. or more complex such as an interlooping weave or braid. The type of weave is not pertinent to the present invention so long as the fibers of the electrically conductive portion 54b of the first plurality of fibers 54 are in engagement with the fibers of the electrically conductive portion 60b of the second plurality of fibers 60. Furthermore, the electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 can be sized as wide or as narrow as desired, and be of virtually any length for accommodating different structures and uses.
Referring again to FIGS. 2 and 3, in engagement with the second flexible, electrically conductive contact 44 is a second sheet of resiliently compressible material 50 having a first face 50a and a second face 50b. The first face 50a of the second sheet of resiliently compressible material 50 is in engagement or corresponding facing relationship with the second face 44b of the second flexible, electrically conductive contact 44. The second face 50b of the second sheet of resiliently compressible material 50 is in engagement with the lower portion of the interior surface 26 of the sheath 24.
The second sheet of resiliently compressible material 50 is preferably constructed of the same material and configured generally identically to the first sheet of resiliently compressible material 36. However, it is apparent to those skilled in the art, that the first and second sheets of resiliently compressible material 36, 50 can differ in configuration, size and/or material.
As shown in FIG. 3, the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 are spaced apart by the layer of nonconductive material 42 and present opposed portions to each other through the openings 46. Upon the application of force to sheath 24, a portion of at least one of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 deflects into at least one of the openings 46 in the layer of nonconductive material 42, and makes electrical contact between the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 to thereby actuate the device. More specifically, one or more of the conductive fibers of each of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 engage each other to complete electrical contact therebetween, thereby electrically connecting wires 40, 48.
In use, the sheath 24 is connected to the door 14 using the T-shaped member 20, as described above. The electrical conductors or wires 40, 48 are connected to a circuit (not shown) for controlling the operation or actuation of a device (not shown) for controlling the actuation of the door 14 in response to the application of force to the sheath 24. Specifically, upon the application of force to the lower portion of the exterior surface 26 of the sheath 24, a portion of at least one of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 deflects into at least one of the openings 46 in the layer of nonconductive material 42 and makes electrical contact between the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 to thereby complete or enable the circuit to actuate the device and control the actuation of the door 14.
An alternate embodiment of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 is shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. In the alternate embodiment, the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 each comprise a first plurality of fibers 64 having a first end 64c and a second end 64d. The first plurality of fibers 64 are preferably generally identical to the first plurality of fibers 54 described above in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5.
Each of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 further comprise a second plurality of generally flexible fibers 70 constructed of an electrically nonconductive material. The electrically nonconductive material of the second plurality of fibers 70 is preferably the same as the electrically nonconductive material of the first plurality of fibers 64. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the electrically nonconductive material of the first plurality of fibers 64 could be different from the electrically nonconductive material of the second plurality of fibers 70.
As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the second plurality of generally flexible fibers 70 are preferably interwoven with the first plurality of generally flexible fibers 64 in the form of a sheet. In the alternate embodiment, it is preferred that the first and second plurality of fibers 64, 70 be intertwined such that the first plurality of fibers 64 extend generally perpendicularly with respect to the second plurality of fibers 70. Similarly, it is preferred that first plurality of fibers 64 extend generally parallel with respect to each other and that the second plurality of fibers 70 extend generally parallel with respect to each other.
However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the first and second plurality of fibers 64, 70 could be intertwined in any manner without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For instance, the type of weave used could be basic, such as a plain weave, a till weave, a satin weave, etc., or more complex such as an interlooping weave or braid. The type of weave is not pertinent to the present invention. Furthermore, the flexible, electrically conductive contacts of the alternate embodiment can be sized as wide or a narrow as desired, and be of virtually any length for accommodating different structures and uses.
Each of the first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts 38, 44 further comprise a first electrically conductive contact member 66 positioned proximate to the contact and in electrical communication with the first end 64c of the electrically conductive fibers 64b of the first plurality of fibers 64. Also, a second electrically conductive contact member 68 is positioned proximate to the sheet and in electrical communication with the second end 64d of the electrically conductive fibers 64b of the first plurality of fibers 64. The first and second electrically conductive contacts 66, 68 are preferably constructed of the same metallic material as the electrically conductive fibers 64b. However, it is understood by those skilled in the art, that the electrically conductive contacts 66, 68 can be constructed of other metallic or electrically conductive materials, such as aluminum or brass.
The alternate embodiment allows one or more of the electrically conductive fibers 64b to be severed without affecting the overall conductibility of the contact because the electrically conducting contacts 66, 68 pass current to all of the electrically conducting fibers 64b. The use of the alternate embodiment is generally identical to the use of the preferred embodiment as described above.
From the foregoing description, it can be seen that the present invention comprises a flexible, electrically conductive contact for a switch which is actuated upon force being applied thereto. It is appreciated by those skilled in the art, that changes could be made to the embodiments described above without departing from the broad inventive concepts thereof. It is understood, therefore, that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed, but it is intended to cover all modifications which are within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
1. A flexible, electrically conductive contact for a switch which is actuated upon force being applied thereto, said flexible, electrically conductive contact comprising:
a first plurality of generally flexible fibers, one portion of said first plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically non-conductive material, another portion of said first plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically conductive material; and
a second plurality of generally flexible fibers, one portion of said second plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically non-conductive material, another portion of said second plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically conductive material, said second plurality of fibers being interwoven with said first plurality of fibers in the form of a sheet with said electrically conductive portion of the first plurality of fibers in engagement with said electrically conductive portion of the second plurality of fibers, said one portion of said first plurality of fibers being interwoven with said another portion of said second plurality of fibers and said one portion of said second plurality of fibers being interwoven with said another portion of said first plurality of fibers whereby a flexible, electrically conductive sheet is formed.
2. The conductive contact as recited in claim 1, wherein said electrically nonconductive material of said first and second plurality of fibers is a polymer.
3. The conductive contact as recited in claim 1, wherein said electrically conductive material of said first and second plurality of fibers is metallic.
4. The conductive contact as recited in claim 1, wherein said first plurality of fibers extend generally perpendicularly with respect to said second plurality of fibers.
5. The conductive contact as recited in claim 1, wherein said first plurality of fibers and said second plurality of fibers are braided.
6. The conductive contact as recited in claim 1, wherein said first plurality of fibers extend generally parallel with respect to each other and said second plurality of fibers extend generally parallel with respect to each other.
7. The conductive contact as recited in claim 1, wherein each of said fibers of said first and second plurality of fibers is constructed of intertwined filaments.
a first plurality of generally flexible fibers, one portion of said first plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically nonconductive material and another portion of said first plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically conductive material, said other portion of said first plurality of fibers having a first end and a second end;
a second plurality of generally flexible fibers being constructed of an electrically nonconductive material, said second plurality of fibers being interwoven with said first plurality of fibers in the form of a sheet;
a first electrically conductive contact member positioned proximate to said sheet and in electrical communication with said first end of said other portion of said first plurality of fibers; and
a second electrically conductive contact member positioned proximate to said sheet and in electrical communication with said second end of said other portion of said first plurality of fibers, whereby a flexible, electrically conductive sheet is formed.
10. The conductive contact as recited in claim 8, wherein said electrically conductive material of said first plurality of fibers is metallic.
11. The conductive contact as recited in claim 8, wherein said first plurality of fibers extend generally perpendicularly with respect to said second plurality of fibers.
12. The conductive contact as recited in claim 8, wherein said first plurality of fibers and said second plurality of fibers are braided.
13. The conductive contact as recited in claim 8, wherein said first plurality of fibers extend generally parallel with respect to each other and said second plurality of fibers extend generally parallel with respect to each other.
14. The conductive contact as recited in claim 8, wherein each of said fibers of said first and second plurality of fibers is constructed of intertwined filaments.
15. A sensing edge for causing a closing door to open by actuating a device upon force being applied to said sensing edge, said sensing edge comprising:
an elongate sheath compressible upon application of external pressure and fabricated of flexible material, said sheath having a wall with an interior and exterior surface, said exterior surface for being attached to a door edge;
a first sheet of resiliently compressible material having a first face and a second face, said first face of said first sheet of resiliently compressible material being in engagement with said interior surface of said elongate outer sheath;
a first flexible, electrically conductive contact having a first face and a second face, said first face of said first flexible, electrically conductive contact being in engagement with said second face of said first sheet of resiliently compressible material;
a layer of nonconductive material having a first face and a second face, said first face of said layer of nonconductive material being in engagement with said second face of said first flexible, electrically conductive contact, said layer of nonconductive material including at least one opening extending therethrough between said first and second faces thereof;
a second flexible, electrically conductive contact having a first face and a second face, said first face of said second flexible, electrically conductive contact being in engagement with said second face of said layer of nonconductive material, said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts each comprising:
a first plurality of generally flexible fibers, one portion of said first plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically nonconductive material, another portion of said first plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically conductive material;
a second plurality of generally flexible fibers, one portion of said second plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically nonconductive material, another portion of said second plurality of fibers being constructed of an electrically conductive material, said second plurality of fibers being interwoven with said first plurality of fibers in the form of a sheet with said electrically conductive portion of the first plurality of fibers in engagement with said electrically conductive portion of the second plurality of fibers; and
a second sheet of resiliently compressible material having a first face and a second face, said first face of said second sheet of resiliently compressible material being in engagement with said second face of said second flexible, electrically conductive contact, said second face of said second sheet of resiliently compressible material being in engagement with said interior surface of said sheath, said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts being spaced apart by said layer of nonconductive material and present opposed portions to each other through said opening whereby upon the application of force to said sheath, a portion of at least one of said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts deflects into the opening in said layer of nonconductive material and makes electrical contact between said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts to thereby actuate the device.
16. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein said electrically nonconductive material of said first and second plurality of fibers is a polymer.
17. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein said electrically conductive material of said first plurality of fibers is metallic.
18. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein said first plurality of fibers extend generally perpendicularly with respect to said second plurality of fibers.
19. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein said first plurality of fibers and said second plurality of fibers are braided.
20. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein said first plurality of fibers extend generally parallel with respect to each other and said second plurality of fibers extend generally parallel with respect to each other.
21. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein each of said fibers of said first and second plurality of fibers is constructed of intertwined filaments.
a first sheet of resiliently compressible material having a first face and a second face;
a second sheet of resiliently compressible material having a first face and a second face, said first face of said second sheet of resiliently compressible material being in engagement with said second face of said second flexible, electrically conductive contact, said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts being spaced apart by said layer of nonconductive material and present opposed portions to each other through said opening whereby upon the application of force to at least one of said sheets of resiliently compressible material, a portion of at least one of said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts deflects into the opening in said layer of nonconductive material and makes electrical contact between said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts to thereby actuate the device.
24. The sensing edge as recited in claim 22, wherein said electrically conductive material of said first and second plurality of fibers is metallic.
29. The sensing edge as recited in claim 15, wherein said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts further comprise said one portion of said first plurality of fibers being interwoven with said another portion of said second plurality of fibers and said one portion of said second plurality of fibers being interwoven with said another portion of said first plurality of fibers.
30. The sensing edge as recited in claim 22, wherein said first and second flexible, electrically conductive contacts further comprise wherein said one portion of said first plurality of fibers being interwoven with said another portion of said second plurality of fibers and said one portion of said second plurality of fibers being interwoven with said another portion of said first plurality of fibers.
RE28365 March 1975 Brave
363290 May 1887 Freeman
3315050 April 1967 Miller
3396252 August 1968 Serizawa et al.
3462885 August 1969 Miller
3812313 May 1974 Wolf et al.
4090045 May 16, 1978 Marsh
4362911 December 7, 1982 Sears et al.
4396814 August 2, 1983 Miller
4401896 August 30, 1983 Fowler et al.
4497989 February 5, 1985 Miller
4661664 April 28, 1987 Miller
4785143 November 15, 1988 Miller
4954673 September 4, 1990 Miller
Assignee: Miller Edge, Inc. (Concordville, PA)
Inventor: Norman K. Miller (Concordville, PA)
Primary Examiner: J. R. Scott
Law Firm: Panitch Schwarze Jacobs & Nadel
Current U.S. Class: 200/6143; Treads (200/86R); Particular Shape Or Structure Of The Contact (200/275)
International Classification: H01H 316; H01H 102;


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American Value
Migrants, Money, and Meaning in El Salvador and the United States
David Pedersen
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Over the past half-century, El Salvador has transformed dramatically. Historically reliant on primary exports like coffee and cotton, the country emerged from a brutal civil war in 1992 to find much of its national income now coming from a massive emigrant workforce—over a quarter of its population—that earns money in the United States and sends it home. In American Value, David Pedersen examines this new way of life as it extends across two places: Intipucá, a Salvadoran town infamous for its remittance wealth, and the Washington, DC, metro area, home to the second largest population of Salvadorans in the United States.
Pedersen charts El Salvador's change alongside American deindustrialization, viewing the Salvadoran migrant work abilities used in new lowwage American service jobs as a kind of primary export, and shows how the latest social conditions linking both countries are part of a longer history of disparity across the Americas. Drawing on the work of Charles S. Peirce, he demonstrates how the defining value forms—migrant work capacity, services, and remittances—act as signs, building a moral world by communicating their exchangeability while hiding the violence and exploitation on which this story rests. Theoretically sophisticated, ethnographically rich, and compellingly written, American Value offers critical insights into practices that are increasingly common throughout the world.
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304 pages | 10 halftones, 1 map, 3 line drawings | 6 x 9 | © 2012
Chicago Studies in Practices of Meaning
Anthropology: Cultural and Social Anthropology
"American Values is an excellent account of the history of US–El Salvador relations and at the same time yields first-rate insights into popular issues in the political and social discourse of US and Latin American relations. A must read."
Alexei Anisin | LSE Review of Books
"This approach is useful to students and scholars of mobility because it helps to analyze money, commodities, and economic forces—among the main factors linking the globe today—and because it finds connections among apparently unrelated spaces and events. The book moves seamlessly and skillfully between the lives of Salvadoran migrants and those employed by them back home, class and ethnic tensions in 1980's Washington, DC, and the US defense industry's role in reshaping both Central American warfare and suburban real estate in Northern Virginia. . . . American Value provides an important model of how to combine careful ethnography with an awareness of that which is not immediately present or visible under dominant modes of representation."
Federico Helfgott | Transfers
"The result of this scale-changing narrative is hemispheric history on a grand scale: elegant and erudite in its critique of dominant narratives."
Cambridge Anthropology
"In crafting this fuller story, Pedersen makes important theoretical insights about storytelling itself. . . . Pedersen's prose stays closer to the ground, truer to how stories are invented and told than in the linear rendering we get after someone has analyzed the data, made the connections, and put everything in order. By the end of the book, the bigger picture does come into focus—at least it did for me—but it does so after an intellectual journey across different analytical scales, time periods, geographies, and so forth."
Sarah Mahler | Social Analysis
"American Value contains an absorbing transnational ethnography and a penetrating analysis of the relationship between structures of power and storytelling, or, better put, the making of history. . . . The book is learned, but also good to read. The writing style is clear and captivating. American Value is a thought-provoking and unusual contribution to the scholarly literature on anthropology and history, contemporary capitalism, migration, and the connections between Latin America and the United States."
Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute
"American Value traces the political and economic preconditions of contemporary migration from Intipucá, and Pedersen deepens our historical understanding of hemispheric economic and political ties between Intipucá and Washington, DC, reminding us that US interests have long influenced El Salvador. From proxy Cold War interventions in Central America, the structural adjustment policies of the World Bank, and the influence of the 'Washington Consensus,' which authorized neoliberal policies in the region, Pedersen explains how being from Intipucá can be understood from the vantage point of the impact of US imperialism and global neoliberalism. This is the complex broader view that challenges dominant circulating ideas about Intipucá and the partiality of the Intipucá success story. The multiple sites, registers, and temporal frameworks of American Value are kaleidoscopic and at times a bit dizzying. Still, its valuable theoretical reach redefines anthropology's holism and challenges narrow approaches to the transnational by showing how the local is tied to national, regional, hemispheric, and global processes."
American Anthropologist
"American Value is an extraordinary tracking of histories and geographies that makes visible the complexities of what we see as elementary or self-evident. Beyond research, it takes talent and imagination to detect the larger web of meanings at work in what is usually flattened into one persuasive description. David Pedersen has written a great book."
Saskia Sassen, author of Territory, Authority, Rights
"There are many things about American Value that are truly impressive. David Pedersen's Peirceian interpretation of Marx's notion of value is a thought-provoking proposal, and he succeeds at laying bare the mechanisms of storytelling itself through a deconstruction of the hierarchies that determine which stories will be dominant and which will be marginal or buried. However, the highest achievement is Pedersen's writing style, which develops an elegant, brilliant, and eloquent narrative to contradict and complicate the dominant one."
Gustavo Verdesio, author of Forgotten Conquests
"American Value is an original and ambitious book. Apart from his transnational subject—relations between El Salvador and the United States—David Pedersen seeks to throw light on how dominant interpretations of that history are generated and then overturned by the kind of in-depth analysis his research makes possible. The scope of his ambition is revealed by his insistence in grounding the account in individual lives while seeking to explore how public ideas are formed through literature, journalism, social science, military and police reports, speeches, letters, and oral testimony. If this were not enough, he aspires to throw light on the co-evolution of the US and Central America, including wars linking the two; and he has some theoretical axes to grind, as well."
Keith Hart, University of Pretoria
"David Pedersen's remarkable book chronicles the shift in El Salvador from coffee to cotton to migration and remittances as the primary source of value and power, each wave leaving behind a sedimented history and concretized relations that give form to the next wave. Pedersen tells a nuanced story of how everyday people, caught up in situations of both mundane and geopolitical significance, translate value into unique expressions that then circulate as transnational signs and ciphers. A compelling narrative of transnational remittances and the origins and enduring legacies of El Salvador's civil war, this is also a profound contribution to the semiotics of value."
Bill Maurer, author of Accelerating Possession
"a creative interpretation of the history of migration and transnational flows. . . . Recommended."
C. J. MacKenzie | Choice
ONE A Roadmap for Remittances
TWO Brushing against the Golden Grain
THREE Melting Fields of Snow
FOUR The Intrusion of Uncomfortable Wars, Illegals, and Remittances
FIVE The Wealth of Pueblos
SIX Immigrant Entrepreneurship
PART III.
SEVEN Welcome to Intipucá City
EIGHT The World in a Park
NINE Options and Models for the Future
Marvelous Possessions
No Place of Grace
T. J. Jackson Lears
American Exceptionalism
Ian Tyrrell
The War in American Culture
Lewis A. Erenberg

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
kCura Puts the CAAT Into The Bag . . . Acquires Long-time Partner Content Analyst Company
by Cheryl McKinnon
We've seen another acquisition in the shifting eDiscovery market this week as kCura, the developer of Relativity, announced its acquisition of Content Analyst Company, the brains behind the CAAT analytics engine (kCura's press release is here). The acquisition is not entirely surprising. kCura has been relying on the CAAT engine to power its analytics offering for eight years. According to kCura, use of its Relativity Analytics offering "has grown by nearly 1,500 percent" since 2011, with more than 70% of current kCura's customers with licenses.
What does this acquisition mean for kCura, its customers, and Content Analyst Company customers?
Categories #eavoices, analytics, eDiscovery, Enterprise Architecture, Information Governance, Mergers and Acquisitions Tags #eavoices, Analytics, eDiscovery, Information governance, Mergers and Acquisitions
This is more than just one vendor acquiring a partner to bring its tech in-house. The markets kCura competes in are changing. Customers want better predictive coding workflows, reporting, and visualization capabilities. The momentum around technology-assisted review (TAR) in eDiscovery is growing globally. In February 2016, the Pyrrho Investments Limited v. MWB Property Limited case gave the green light to predictive coding software in the UK, with the decision (PDF) citing acceptance in US and other jurisdictions. Interest and adoption of analytics for eDiscovery and other investigative use cases will only grow. Now that machine learning and technology-assisted review processes have been OK'd by the courts, many of the objections to using software for automated categorization, security classifications, and other analysis of textual data will dissipate.


text:
Local studies and family history in libraries
Information about local studies and family history resources in libraries
Family history in libraries
Oxfordshire libraries have a wide variety of printed books and resources to help you start researching your family history, with more books available at the bigger libraries.
The Oxfordshire History Centre in Cowley has full facilities and copies of all records and local studies material for the county. Other libraries also have smaller collections relating to family history and local studies for their area.
All libraries provide free access to Ancestry Library Edition and Find My Past through the Reference Online service. These are very powerful resources for family historians, and include access to a wide variety of information, including:
British censuses 1841–1911
GRO Birth, Marriage and Death indexes 1837-2006
Divorce indexes 1858–1903
London parish and poor law records
National Probate Calendar (Index to Wills and Administrations) 1858-1966
British Army service and pension records 1914–1920
British Army Medal Roll index cards 1914–1920
UK incoming passenger lists 1878–1960
Passenger lists leaving UK 1890–1960
Soldiers Died in the Great War
Army Roll of Honour 1939–45
US federal census 1790–1930
Australian convict transportation registers and passenger lists
Family history helpdesks
The family history helpdesk at Oxfordshire County Library is staffed by experienced volunteers from the Oxfordshire Family History Society who can help you to get started and also give advice if you have already embarked on researching your family tree.
The Oxfordshire Family History Society also offers one-to-one help and advice sessions on a regular basis at the following libraries:
Hook Norton
Please call the library to book a session and find out more.
Other libraries are sometimes able to offer occasional sessions on request - please ask at your local library.
You can also see the main family history section for more information.
Local studies in libraries
Books about the history of Oxfordshire, the history of the area around each library, and about beginning your family history can be found in all our libraries, with more books available at the bigger libraries.
Abingdon, Banbury, Bicester, Didcot, Henley, Oxfordshire County, Wantage and Witney libraries also have sizeable collections of printed, microform and online resources including newspapers, maps and transcripts of local parish registers. Other libraries have books on their immediate area and a selection of titles of wider interest.
You can see what books libraries have on our library catalogue and, if you're a member of the library, you can reserve and renew books online after logging in with your PIN.
All libraries have information on local studies and family history available, with more resources on offer in the larger libraries. This makes the library a great place to get started on your research, or to get advice and suggestions on what resources would best help you find the information you're looking for.
You can also see the main history pages for more information.
Oxfordshire History Centre
The county's main local studies and family history collections are at the Oxfordshire History Centre. Here you will find specialist staff and major resources for studying the county including books, newspapers and other printed materials as well as maps, photographs and oral history recordings. You can find their online catalogue, known as Heritage Search, at www.oxfordshire.gov.uk/heritagesearch. We recommend using the Advanced Search option if you are using anything other than a single key word for searching.
The History Centre also offers free access to Ancestry Library Edition and many other useful websites as well as a host of computer based and microform resources.
If you are unable to visit, the Oxfordshire History Centre offers a research service for up to a maximum of two hours to answer specific enquiries. Alternatively, you can obtain a list of private researchers from The Association of Genealogists and Researchers in Archives (AGRA).
Where else to go
Depending on your research interests the following services may also help you:
Oxfordshire Museums Service makes available collections from all over the county and provides curatorial services to other museums in Oxfordshire.
Oxfordshire Registration Service has birth, death and marriage indexes for the superintendent registrar's district. You can search these indexes for a fee at Oxford Registration Office and obtain copies of certificates.
Berkshire Record Office has original documents for Berkshire, which you will need if you are studying the history of parishes in the Vale of White Horse.
The Oxfordshire Family History Society provides a large number of resources, both on their website and to Oxfordshire Libraries. They also have family history advisors who run drop-in sessions to help you get started.
Family history in Oxfordshire
Heritage Search


ABP has successfully implemented all the steps from project planning, IT consulting, network infrastructure solving problems, translation, installation process, customization, follow up and maintenance of ASTRAIA Software.
As one of the first medical softwares installed in public institutions, it was a new experience and a challenge, by having such a large number of maternity staff that didn't have former computer experience. It was challenging for them, as it was for our company as well, to undertake the digitalization of all the medical data.
ASTRAIA is the best medical software for obstetrics and gynecology in the world, and we are proud to have brought it in Albania also. It has been a long process, since it was the first software that doctors started to use in public hospitals within their daily processes. We have offered our consultancy in the improvement of network infrastructure in the maternities. Currently we follow up the work, by having maintenance contracts. We update the latest versions of ASTRAIA and train the new staff in maternity hospitals. More than 60 administration workers, doctors and nurses have been trained in the maternity of the Regional Hospital of Durres.


Inchnadamph is located in the heart of the parish of Assynt – surrounded by spectacular mountains, rivers & lochs. The Lodge is right on the popular North Coast 500 touring route.
We are about 25 miles north of Ullapool, and 12 miles east of Lochinver, with easy access to routes nortth, south, east or west.


Shopping for a cheap cell phone should be easy and simple. We make it easy to find and buy the used cell phone that you are looking for, and we always ship within 1 business day. Your search for your next cell phone begins and ends at Cellular Country. We have a full range of Motorola Unlocked Phones that you can select from. All of our phones are 100 percent functional, in fair or better condition, and are ready to ship to you today. Our heavily discounted phones are the easiest way to get another phone in case you have lost your phone or dropped it in the pool. Just browse our selection of cell phones, find what you want, and you'll be making calls within a couple of days. It couldn't be any easier. We're positive that you'll purchase a phone at Cellular Country that fits your lifestyle. We can answer any questions while you're searching and browsing for your next phone.


text:
TUPI 4×4 Light Armoured Vehicle
Avibras and Renault Trucks Defense jointly developed the TUPI 4x4 light armoured vehicle for the Brazilian Army. The vehicle is an ideal platform for tactical missions such as patrol, convoy escort, troop transport, command and control, surveillance, and reconnaissance.
Light armoured vehicle
Avibras and Renault Trucks Defense
Avibras and Renault Trucks Defense jointly developed the TUPI 4×4 light armoured vehicle for the Brazilian Army. The vehicle is an ideal platform for tactical missions such as patrol, convoy escort, troop transport, command and control, surveillance and reconnaissance.
The wheeled vehicle is one of the two finalists selected by the Brazilian Army for its Wheeled Multirole Light Armoured Vehicle (VBMT-LR) programme in July 2015.
VBMT-LR programme details
The VBMT-LR programme was initiated by the Brazilian Army to acquire Armoured Car Multitasking Take Wheels (VBMT-CO) under the Projecto Estratégico do Exército-Guarani (PEE Guarani). The VBMT-LR will include a new family of wheeled armoured vehicles to reconstitute and modernise the Brazilian Army's capabilities.
"The wheeled vehicle is one of the two finalists selected by the Brazilian Army for its Wheeled Multirole Light Armoured Vehicle (VBMT-LR) programme in July 2015."
In November 2013, the Brazilian Army unveiled an appraisal and acceptance plan (AAP) for local and foreign companies to take part in the evaluation process including inspection and tests conducted by the Brazilian Army Evaluation Centre (CAEx).
TUPI 4×4 development
Avibras and Renault Trucks Defense joined forces to design and develop the TUPI 4×4 armoured vehicle in a short duration. The vehicle satisfied all the requirements set in the AAP and the basic operational requirements issued by the EB.
The TUPI 4×4 will be manufactured under licence by AVIBRAS at its new armoured plant in Jacarei. The indigenous content on the vehicle will be gradually increased with cooperation from Renault Trucks. The initial batch of vehicles will include 32% of domestic content, which will be raised to more than 60% by 2016.
The vehicle was demonstrated to the CAEx in April 2014. It successfully underwent all tests while carrying 40% higher payload than required.
RAM MK3 Light Armoured Multi-Mission Vehicle, Israel
The lightweight, multi-role RAM MK3 armoured vehicle is designed and built by Israel Aerospace Industries' (IAI) Ramta division.
The first batch of TUPI vehicles is anticipated to be acquired under an urgent operational requirement by the Brazilian Army Peace Keeping Forces. The vehicles will be deployed to support the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).
Design and features of TUPI armoured vehicle
The TUPI 4×4 vehicle is a derivative of the Sherpa Light Scout, which itself is one the versions in the Sherpa Light family of vehicles. The conventional layout houses engine in front, crew section in the middle and troops/cargo compartment at rear. The modular design allows for the installation of command and control systems, and other mission systems required for different versions.
The spacious and ergonomically designed cabin accommodates five seats and offers room for the installation of different mission equipment according to the customer-specific needs. The crew and troops enter and exit the vehicle through four doors located on either sides of the hull.
The vehicle has a length of 5.5m, width of 2.3m and a height of 2.1m. Its curb weight is 8t and maximum payload carrying capacity is 2.5t.
Armament and self-protection
The modular roof design adapts a range of weapon systems such as a simple single mount for a small machine gun or different makes of remote weapon station, the Brazilian REMAX for 0.50 calibre/7.62mm machine gun, and automatic grenade launcher. The roof top is also mounted with eight smoke grenade launchers for increased survivability.
The basic hull can be integrated with additional armour shield to offer protection against small arms fire. The lightweight armoured configuration optimises the fuel consumption and protects vital components of the vehicle. The vehicle can be hinged with add-on armour kits and blast protection features for protecting the crew from ballistic, mine and improvised explosive device (IED) threats.
Engine details of TUPI
The TUPI vehicle is powered by a Renault MD-5 215hp diesel engine coupled to an automatic transmission. The sturdy power-plant and transmission provide high-mobility even with maximum payload.
Cockerill i-X Integrated Combat Vehicle, Belgium
Marauder Mark 2 Armoured Vehicle, South Africa
BTR-4 Armoured Personnel Carrier (APC)
DESAPRO Blade Case
Army Technology Excellence Awards Report 22
Who's saying what? Cybersecurity in Aerospace, Defence & Security – Filings Trends Q3 2022
Who's innovating where? Artificial Intelligence in Aerospace, Defence & Security – Patenting Activity Q3 2022
Who's saying what? Internet of Things in Aerospace, Defence & Security – Filings Trends Q3 2022
Promise of armour and combined-arms training to Ukraine point to new phase in Russia war
Leading military internet of things (IoT) service providers
Leading military cybersecurity service providers for the defence industry
Leading military cloud computing service providers for the defence industry
Leading military AI companies for the defence industry
Ghost Robotics V60 Unmanned Ground Vehicle, USA


text:
namespace content {

void NavigateFrameToURL(FrameTreeNode* node, const GURL& url) {
  TestFrameNavigationObserver observer(node);
  NavigationController::LoadURLParams params(url);
  params.transition_type = ui::PAGE_TRANSITION_LINK;
  params.frame_tree_node_id = node->frame_tree_node_id();
  node->navigator()->GetController()->LoadURLWithParams(params);
  observer.Wait();
}

FrameTreeVisualizer::FrameTreeVisualizer() {
}

FrameTreeVisualizer::~FrameTreeVisualizer() {
}

std::string FrameTreeVisualizer::DepictFrameTree(FrameTreeNode* root) {
  // Tracks the sites actually used in this depiction.
  std::map<std::string, SiteInstance*> legend;

  // Traversal 1: Assign names to current frames. This ensures that the first
  // call to the pretty-printer will result in a naming of the site instances
  // that feels natural and stable.
  std::stack<FrameTreeNode*> to_explore;
  for (to_explore.push(root); !to_explore.empty();) {
    FrameTreeNode* node = to_explore.top();
    to_explore.pop();
    for (size_t i = node->child_count(); i-- != 0;) {
      to_explore.push(node->child_at(i));
    }

    RenderFrameHost* current = node->render_manager()->current_frame_host();
    legend[GetName(current->GetSiteInstance())] = current->GetSiteInstance();
  }

  // Traversal 2: Assign names to the pending/speculative frames. For stability
  // of assigned names it's important to do this before trying to name the
  // proxies, which have a less well defined order.
  for (to_explore.push(root); !to_explore.empty();) {
    FrameTreeNode* node = to_explore.top();
    to_explore.pop();
    for (size_t i = node->child_count(); i-- != 0;) {
      to_explore.push(node->child_at(i));
    }

    RenderFrameHost* pending = node->render_manager()->pending_frame_host();
    RenderFrameHost* spec = node->render_manager()->speculative_frame_host();
    if (pending)
      legend[GetName(pending->GetSiteInstance())] = pending->GetSiteInstance();
    if (spec)
      legend[GetName(spec->GetSiteInstance())] = spec->GetSiteInstance();
  }

  // Traversal 3: Assign names to the proxies and add them to |legend| too.
  // Typically, only openers should have their names assigned this way.
  for (to_explore.push(root); !to_explore.empty();) {
    FrameTreeNode* node = to_explore.top();
    to_explore.pop();
    for (size_t i = node->child_count(); i-- != 0;) {
      to_explore.push(node->child_at(i));
    }

    // Sort the proxies by SiteInstance ID to avoid hash_map ordering.
    std::map<int, RenderFrameProxyHost*> sorted_proxy_hosts =
        node->render_manager()->GetAllProxyHostsForTesting();
    for (auto& proxy_pair : sorted_proxy_hosts) {
      RenderFrameProxyHost* proxy = proxy_pair.second;
      legend[GetName(proxy->GetSiteInstance())] = proxy->GetSiteInstance();
    }
  }

  // Traversal 4: Now that all names are assigned, make a big loop to pretty-
  // print the tree. Each iteration produces exactly one line of format.
  std::string result;
  for (to_explore.push(root); !to_explore.empty();) {
    FrameTreeNode* node = to_explore.top();
    to_explore.pop();
    for (size_t i = node->child_count(); i-- != 0;) {
      to_explore.push(node->child_at(i));
    }

    // Draw the feeler line tree graphics by walking up to the root. A feeler
    // line is needed for each ancestor that is the last child of its parent.
    // This creates the ASCII art that looks like:
    //    Foo
    //      |--Foo
    //      |--Foo
    //      |    |--Foo
    //      |    +--Foo
    //      |         +--Foo
    //      +--Foo
    //           +--Foo
    //
    // TODO(nick): Make this more elegant.
    std::string line;
    if (node != root) {
      if (node->parent()->child_at(node->parent()->child_count() - 1) != node)
        line = "  |--";
      else
        line = "  +--";
      for (FrameTreeNode* up = node->parent(); up != root; up = up->parent()) {
        if (up->parent()->child_at(up->parent()->child_count() - 1) != up)
          line = "  |  " + line;
        else
          line = "     " + line;
      }
    }

    // Prefix one extra space of padding for two reasons. First, this helps the
    // diagram aligns nicely with the legend. Second, this makes it easier to
    // read the diffs that gtest spits out on EXPECT_EQ failure.
    line = " " + line;

    // Summarize the FrameTreeNode's state. Always show the site of the current
    // RenderFrameHost, and show any exceptional state of the node, like a
    // pending or speculative RenderFrameHost.
    RenderFrameHost* current = node->render_manager()->current_frame_host();
    RenderFrameHost* pending = node->render_manager()->pending_frame_host();
    RenderFrameHost* spec = node->render_manager()->speculative_frame_host();
    base::StringAppendF(&line, "Site %s",
                        GetName(current->GetSiteInstance()).c_str());
    if (pending) {
      base::StringAppendF(&line, " (%s pending)",
                          GetName(pending->GetSiteInstance()).c_str());
    }
    if (spec) {
      base::StringAppendF(&line, " (%s speculative)",
                          GetName(spec->GetSiteInstance()).c_str());
    }

    // Show the SiteInstances of the RenderFrameProxyHosts of this node.
    std::map<int, RenderFrameProxyHost*> sorted_proxy_host_map =
        node->render_manager()->GetAllProxyHostsForTesting();
    if (!sorted_proxy_host_map.empty()) {
      // Show a dashed line of variable length before the proxy list. Always at
      // least two dashes.
      line.append(" --");

      // To make proxy lists align vertically for the first three tree levels,
      // pad with dashes up to a first tab stop at column 19 (which works out to
      // text editor column 28 in the typical diagram fed to EXPECT_EQ as a
      // string literal). Lining the lists up vertically makes differences in
      // the proxy sets easier to spot visually. We choose not to use the
      // *actual* tree height here, because that would make the diagram's
      // appearance less stable as the tree's shape evolves.
      while (line.length() < 20) {
        line.append("-");
      }
      line.append(" proxies for");

      // Sort these alphabetically, to avoid hash_map ordering dependency.
      std::vector<std::string> sorted_proxy_hosts;
      for (auto& proxy_pair : sorted_proxy_host_map) {
        sorted_proxy_hosts.push_back(
            GetName(proxy_pair.second->GetSiteInstance()));
      }
      std::sort(sorted_proxy_hosts.begin(), sorted_proxy_hosts.end());
      for (std::string& proxy_name : sorted_proxy_hosts) {
        base::StringAppendF(&line, " %s", proxy_name.c_str());
      }
    }
    if (node != root)
      result.append("\n");
    result.append(line);
  }

  // Finally, show a legend with details of the site instances.
  const char* prefix = "Where ";
  for (auto& legend_entry : legend) {
    SiteInstanceImpl* site_instance =
        static_cast<SiteInstanceImpl*>(legend_entry.second);
    base::StringAppendF(&result, "\n%s%s = %s", prefix,
                        legend_entry.first.c_str(),
                        site_instance->GetSiteURL().spec().c_str());
    // Highlight some exceptionable conditions.
    if (site_instance->active_frame_count() == 0)
      result.append(" (active_frame_count == 0)");
    if (!site_instance->GetProcess()->HasConnection())
      result.append(" (no process)");
    prefix = "      ";
  }
  return result;
}

std::string FrameTreeVisualizer::GetName(SiteInstance* site_instance) {
  // Indices into the vector correspond to letters of the alphabet.
  size_t index =
      std::find(seen_site_instance_ids_.begin(), seen_site_instance_ids_.end(),
                site_instance->GetId()) -
      seen_site_instance_ids_.begin();
  if (index == seen_site_instance_ids_.size())
    seen_site_instance_ids_.push_back(site_instance->GetId());

  // Whosoever writes a test using >=26 site instances shall be a lucky ducky.
  if (index < 25)
    return base::StringPrintf("%c", 'A' + static_cast<char>(index));
  else
    return base::StringPrintf("Z%d", static_cast<int>(index - 25));
}

Shell* OpenPopup(const ToRenderFrameHost& opener,
                 const GURL& url,
                 const std::string& name) {
  ShellAddedObserver new_shell_observer;
  bool did_create_popup = false;
  bool did_execute_script = ExecuteScriptAndExtractBool(
      opener,
      "window.domAutomationController.send("
      "    !!window.open('" + url.spec() + "', '" + name + "'));",
      &did_create_popup);
  if (!did_execute_script || !did_create_popup)
    return nullptr;

  Shell* new_shell = new_shell_observer.GetShell();
  WaitForLoadStop(new_shell->web_contents());
  return new_shell;
}

}  // namespace content

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


DTG is the solution if you want tee shirts fast.
DTG solves the problem on short delivery time. At Northwest Apparel we invested in two state of the art Kornit digital printers. The reason we did this is that our customers are asking for faster delivery on their orders.
Fast and quick delivery is now becoming the norm.
When we first started Northwest Embroidery two weeks delivery was fantastic. We have now changed our name to Northwest Custom apparel and our delivery time can be as little as 6 hours. Speeding up our delivery options meant we had to change our name and rebrand the company. We are now Northwest Custom Apparel.
Doing business in a millennial environment means we have to meet the demand. The internet doesn't allow customers to wait two weeks they need it now.
Northwest Custom has invested in two state of the art Kornit digital printers. These printers are state of the art. We use water based inks which allow us to deliver shirts that are soft to the touch. The old method of screen printing is actually environmentally unacceptable. The new consumer protection laws and regulations prohibit selling shirts with carcinogenic inks to children younger than 12 years old.
Because we specialize in Direct to Garment printing we meet all the environmental regulations. Our shirts are safe for the youth market.
When it comes to delivery we can offer same day printing. This is because if we have camera ready art work with all images 300 dpi or better we are ready to print.
We had a customer come in yesterday who was entertaining a group from Switzerland and wanted to give them a memento of their visit. He showed up at our office panicking because he forgot to put the tees in his things to do list. The Swiss Sportmen's Club of Tacoma was so happy we could accept this order.
Fortunately we had excellent art work on file and we were able to go in our warehouse pull from our inventory and print the multicolor shirts in less than four hours. Because of our DTG printers we were able to create a raving fan who will spread the word about Northwest Customs customer focused service.
Being located in Milton Washington we are able to service the greater Seattle area with our fantastic service.
The question is now is what is better Direct to Garment printing or Screen Print printing.
Direct to Garment often referred to as DTG printing is new and entering the production shops of decorators around the world. The reason for this evolution is that companies want a system which is easy to learn, operate and is environmentally friendly.
Most DTG systems are a four step process.
The first step is to pre-treat the garment with a pretreatment machine to apply the pretreatment solution to the garment.
Then setting the pretreatment with a heat press machine.
Step 4 back to the clam shell heat press.
This complicated process takes at least 10 minutes per item.
The heat and pressure is done with a clam shell heat press.
Decosource has a totally different and efficient process operating the Kornit DTG printer to print their shirts. The Kornit system eliminates the manual pretreatment process.
The system Decosource uses is a two step process.
The pre-treatment is self contained in the Kornit printer and speeds up production by eliminating the pre-treat step of all other machines on the market.
Step 2 The final step is to remove the garment from the Kornit printer run through the dryer and then fold and finish.
The positive features of DGT printing is the finished product. The end result is a garment with a soft feel. The plastisol ink used in screen printing leaves a hard finish which is annoying to women. The plastisol ink also has carcinogenic compounds which have proved harmful to humans. This problem will eventually be addressed and screen print shops will start to come in compliance with the consumer protection laws.
Another positive feature of DTG printing is set up time. All you have to do is download your artwork click the green button and print. This process will print and infinite number of colors.
Screen printing we know takes a separate screen for each color. This eliminates the ability to print small orders with no screen set up and clean up.
To summarize DTG is faster, time efficient, cleaner, exact design matching and easy to use.
DTG printing is much better than Screen Printing.
The answer is send it to Decosource. Decosource has two state of the art Kornit printers which are groomed for small order production. With Kornit all we ask of our customer is to bring us good art. We prefer EPS to make our life easier.
Lets think about the time of DTG vs a screen print order with 6 colors. One screen is necessary for each color and one extra screen for the white under base. Inks have to be mixed to meet the color requirements. Then comes the press check and we hope everything is done correctly. If not we go back to the drawing board.
Assume we did a decent job printing the 6 colors.(actually 7 because we have to print a white undercoat.
Now the clean up begins. Add another hour or two to the order to clean up the mess.
The order was for 6 colors and a lot of printers are not equipped to print 6 colors assuming the seventh color is white undercoat.
It's coming and we have to aware that traditional plastisol inks contain carcinogenic Studies have been done which show these inks are harmful to children under the age of 12 years. The consumer protection act even states these chemicals are harmful.
Now let's examine direct to garment printing. This is commonly referred to as DTG printing.
The process for DTG printing is have good art work. Good art work means easy set up. The computer is going to do everything.
Good art work means it's time to point and click. All that is necessary now is to load the computer which drives the Direct to Garment printer. Time taken is less than 30 minutes.
Printing is a snap. The computer tells the printer what to print and it is as easy as one, two, three.
Erik Mickelson showing off the multicolor design.
To conclude all you need for DTG work is a good artist. Their productivity will increase when doing DTG art because there are not screens to set up. Check out the colors on this shirt. The setup was $40.00 for everything.
Northwest Embroidery was the first commercial embroidery company in the Pacific Northwest. We opened our doors in Oct 1977. We are celebrating our 40th anniversary.
During those days we supported some major companies such as Nike, Eddie Bauer, Britannia jeans, REI, and Columbia to name a few. We had the market locked because we were the only company of size who could do embroidery.
Life was good until our government lowered the duty on imported decorated garments. The duty used to be around 28% on apparel with any decoration. Northwest at the time was able to do the embroidery for less than the 28% duty. But, our government lowered the duty with some nudging from some of the major apparel players at that time.
With the duties lowered the manufacturing slowly started to shift to the far west. Hong Kong and Taiwan were the first big players to have factories and solicit this manufacturing business. It was a slam dunk the selling price would remain strong in the US and the cost of goods manufactured would go down. It takes a fool not to realize what was happening.
Seattle at one time was the leading manufacturing center for outerwear in the United States. Rainier Valley was a cluster of contract sewers who fed the retail industry. Northwest Embroidery was able to take advantage of this because of the fact that embroidered logos enhanced the perceived value of the finished product.
The market during this period (1977-1985) was strong for everyone. But the majors wanted more bang for their buck. They started to turn to the Far East or far west if you are in Seattle to out source their manufacturing.
Cascade Manufacturing just down the street from us was a prime contractor for Columbia and LL Bean. They had over 600 sewers in Puyallup and Seattle. This was no small operation. Today the property hosts a large apartment complex.
The decorated apparel industry was starting to take off in 1980. Logo apparel was just getting popular. A cottage industry was growing selling decorated apparel.
The industry has changed astronomically since 1977. In 1985 we bought our first fax machine and for $3.57 a page we could throw away our telex machine and communicate with the far west without having to send DHL packets. Our orders really flowed smoothly.
After the fax machine came the internet and the whole world opened up.
Some of the new innovations which are coming to market are Digital to Garment printers which print directly from a computer to a garment.
There is no setup involved and the quantities can be as little as one. This is a labor killer which addresses the must have now generation.
This little brief can give you an overview of who Deco Source is and how we started out as a small embroidery company who is the leader in the decorated apparel in the Pacific Northwest.
Leather can be somewhat tricky to embroider on. It always presents a challenge but to a brave embroiderer it can be done.
The level of difficulty always depends on the grade of the leather. Heavy leather is always a problem. At Decosource we have honed our skills and at times will accept leather for embellishment on a cost vs worth basis. We will not do one jacket because of the potential loss.
Another type of tanning is referred to as chrome-tanned. Chrome tanned leathers are soft to the touch and easy to work with.
Deerskin is the favorite of all hunters. Sportsmen love to get a jacket made out of their trophy and embellished with a custom logo. This is a great background for embroidery.
Leather varies in thickness. It is best to stay away from thick leather unless you want to become a specialist. The cowboy boot manufacturers will give you all the work you can handle. Jim Yates of Yates Embroidery made a good living doing single color boot designs.
Its best to use a backing with leather work. At Decosource we found that the backing will actually protect your hooks form debris getting clogged in your machine. Some companies even use newspaper just to give the leather some stability. You can also use wax paper or a light weight iron backing.
Use a thick backing for soft leathers so it will hold the stitches. Thick leather you can use anything.
You should always use a sharp needle for soft leather and a ball point for thick leather. Ball points will always leave a smooth finish.
The best thread is a 40 weight with a loose density in the design. You must give your needle penetrations some space. This can be done in the digitizing.
When programming us a longer stitch and a loosed density. The objective is to not stitch so close that you punch a hole in the substrate.
Is summary experiment with a scrap piece of leather before taking the big step.
Small order screen printing is a market most screen printers will not undertake. The problem with small orders is the preparation, set up involved and clean up.
Decosource has accepted this challenge by investing in two Kornit direct to garment printers. We made the decision to go this route because of the following comparisons we make before our purchase.
For example setting up a 4 color project takes time. The art has to be completed; the screens have to be made. One screen is necessary for each color and one extra screen for the white under base. Inks have to be mixed to meet the color requirements. A press check is necessary first before the printing can start. At this point in the process the design is tweaked to make sure all colors are correct.
Once the printing is completed it is clean up time. All the screens have to be washed and made ready for the next job.
Another major problem with screen printing if there are a lot of colors in the design it is might take more screens than the screen printer has in inventory. The majority of screen printers have carousals that have less than six color stations. Multi color jobs at times are lost.
Another draw down for screen printing is that the inks do contain carcinogens. There have been studies done which indicate these inks are harmful to children under the age of 12 years.
Now let's take a look at direct to garment printing. This is commonly referred to as DTG printing.
The process for DTG printing is first prepare good art work. This can be done and reviewed on your computer screen. Tweaking is easy using adobe illustrator or photo shop.
When art is approved it is time to point and click. All that is necessary is to click and load in the computer which drives the Direct to Garment printer.
Printing is very simple. All the hard work is done in the art department. The DTG printer can print as many colors as needed. Clean up when done is just a wipe down of the platen.
Orders can be set up and loaded in minutes which save a tremendous amount of labor. When you compare the set up for a screen print order to a DTG order it is a no brainer. The result is more money to invest in a good artist.
To summarize when using a DTG printer hire a good artist. Invest in a name brand printer (Kornit) and you are on your way to having a successful business.


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A throbbing, gloriously saturated "real-time experiment" recorded this month & posted yesterday underlines the assured daring throughout Stephen Vitiello's work - & sends these ears back to his notably rich (&, unusually, almost always downloadable) SoundCloud.
Other highlights include rewarding, burbling collaborations with/remixes of 12k fellow travellers Molly Berg, Marcus Fischer (augmented with the Twilight Zone, thanks to Vitiello...) &, of course, Taylor Deupree.
Also recommended: this meaty WFMU work-out housed on FMA.
NB: first & last photos by Stephen Vitiello; second by Taylor Deupree. Important: LMYE only makes music available that artists/labels have chosen to share freely. Let us know if something here shouldn't be.
What's with all the songs about Molly these days? I really like that one though, thanks.


Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) was a German composer and born to a family of professional musicians. Bach was also a famous organist.
As a young teacher he got into trouble with the Arnstady authorities over a public brawl with one of his students. Bach, while walking across the market-place in the company of his cousin, Barbara Catharina, was confronted by J. H. Greyersbach and five fellow students returning from a christening feast. Geyersbach demanded to know why Bach had impugned his abilities as a bassoonist. As tempers rose, he called Bach 'a dirty dog' and lashed his face with a stick. Bach drew his sword and only the intervention of another student averted bloodshed.
When Bach complained, the Consistory determined that he had been principally at fault for having called Greyersbach 'a nanny-goat bassoonist'. He was admonished to try and live in peace with his students. Bach's reaction was to take a prolonged and unauthorized journey to Lubeck, to listen to the organ playing of Buxtehude.
Johann Sebastian Bach's parents knew that he was special from a very early age. His father, Johann Ambrosius Bach, had a twin brother who looked so similar that even their wives had difficulty telling them apart. (Even their musical styles were nearly identical.) When Johann Sebastian was born (on March 21, 1685), however, his mother found a way to identify her husband; he was the one the baby called "Papa."
Johann Sebastian Bach was not without his critics. "All Bach's last movements," Arnold Bax once remarked, "are like the running of a sewing machine."
He was so fond of full harmony that, besides a constant and active use of the pedals, he is said to have put down such keys by a stick in his mouth, as neither hands nor feet could reach.
Though Johann Sebastian Bach was a brilliant organist, his tenure as a Cantor in Leipzig was blemished by his irresponsible behavior. According to contemporary records, he was reproved by the town council for being a "loner," for his arrogant manner, for neglecting his duties (he once walked 230 miles from Arnstadt to Lübeck to hear Dietrich Buxtehude play the organ), for playing strange melodies on the organ during church services, for playing too long and, in defiance, deliberately playing too short. A resolution was once unanimously passed by the Council "to ask Bach by what right he recently caused a strange maiden to be invited into the choir loft, and let her make music there." The capper, however, came when Bach was asked to visit a neighboring town to inspect a new organ. He showed up at the correct hour - four months late!


We are pleased to announce a Sunday Pasta and Gravy class on January 6th from 12:00pm-3:30pm! Our last class sold out well in advance, so don't delay.
Growing up, Sunday was the day fresh handcrafted pasta was made and served with homemade tomato sauce we called, "gravy". At the class, you will be making fresh pasta dough and converting it into fettucine.
You will have eyes on the gravy as the brilliant red San Marzano tomatoes are simmered and the smelll of Sunday wafts through the air! As the pasta dough rests, you will snack on old world style antipasta and then make your pasta to bring home (it freezes well).
Once finished, we will be cooking up fresh pasta to serve with our homemade gravy. Sticking with tradition, after the pasta, we'll serve a salad tossd with our 12 year old balsamic and award winning olive oil, "to help settle your meal" as Mom would say.
A single's ticket is only $80 and a couple's ticket is $150!


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Financial Power of Attorney: Definition, Required Forms, Example
Adam Hayes
Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.
Ebony Howard
Reviewed by Ebony Howard
Ebony Howard is a certified public accountant and a QuickBooks ProAdvisor tax expert. She has been in the accounting, audit, and tax profession for more than 13 years, working with individuals and a variety of companies in the health care, banking, and accounting industries.
What Is a Financial Power Of Attorney?
A financial power of attorney (POA) is a legal document that grants a trusted agent the authority to act on behalf of the principal-agent in financial matters. The former is also referred to as the attorney-in-fact while the principal-agent is the person who grants the authority. This kind of POA is also referred to as a general power of attorney.
A financial power of attorney is a legal document that grants a trusted agent the power to make and execute financial decisions for a principal-agent.
In some states, financial powers of attorney are automatically considered durable which meaning they remain in effect after the principal becomes incapacitated.
A financial power of attorney letter is automatically extinguished upon the principal's death.
Understanding a Financial Power Of Attorney
A power of attorney (POA) is a legal document that allows a person the authority to act on behalf of someone else. The authority outlined in the POA can be fairly broad or, in some cases, restrictive, limiting the agent to very specific duties. Agents named in POAs are legally able to make decisions about the principal's finances, property, and/or medical health. Most POAs are issued when the principal is ill, disabled, or is physically not present to sign important paperwork.
A financial power of attorney document is also referred to as a general power of attorney or a power of attorney of property. This POA gives the agent the power to manage the financial life of the principal when that person is unable to do so.
The agent can legally manage the principal's finances and property, make all financial decisions, and conduct all financial transactions that are within the scope of the agreement. The individual granted POA is limited to the agreement and cannot do anything not specified under the power of attorney. The agent is legally obligated to make decisions consistent with the wishes of the principal but has full authority to make autonomous decisions until that authority is challenged and/or revoked in a court of law.
In some states, financial powers of attorney are automatically considered durable, meaning they remain in effect after the principal becomes incapacitated. In others, if the principal wants them to be durable, they need to include that information in the power of attorney in addition to other specifics about the powers the principal is granting.
Some states consider financial powers of attorney durable which means they are valid after the principal becomes incapacitated.
Most states have simple forms to fill out to make someone your financial agent. Generally, the document must be signed, witnessed, and notarized.
If the agent is expected to negotiate real estate assets on behalf of the principal, some states require that the document must be placed on file in the local land records office. Finally, many banks have their own forms, and while it is not required, it makes the process much easier if the bank is notified about the identity of the financial agent.
A financial power of attorney is automatically extinguished upon the principal's death. That means the agent can only make financial decisions for the principal while they are alive. To deal with financial matters after the principal's death, an executor will have to be named in the principal's will. An executor carries out specific instructions to manage the wishes and affairs laid out by the deceased party.
Financial Power of Attorney vs. Other Powers of Attorney
A financial power of attorney is just one type of POA. There are many other kinds, depending on the purpose.
A limited POA gives the agent very limited power and normally gives a specific end date for the agreement. For example, someone may appoint a family member or friend as a limited POA if they are not available to sign important paperwork themselves at a specific time. In other cases, this POA may give the agent the ability to make cash withdrawals from the bank for the principal. A limited POA is also a type of nondurable power of attorney.
This kind of POA is also called a medical power of attorney. It gives the agent the authority to make important medical decisions about the principal's health care, especially when they become severely ill or incapacitated.
Springing Power of Attorney
A springing POA only goes into effect once the principal becomes incapacitated and cannot make decisions on their own. In order to be effective, the document should outline the exact definition of incapacity so there is no confusion as to when the agent can begin acting on the principal's behalf.
Example of a Financial Power of Attorney
Sam is planning an extended stay abroad that will last for three or more years but has ongoing financial obligations related to property and investments back home. Sam prepares a financial power of attorney and assigns POA to their father, who will remain in the city and execute relevant financial dealings. This includes writing checks and signing important documentation related to the investments and property.
Attorney-in-Fact: Definition, Types, Powers and Duties
An attorney-in-fact is a person who is authorized to represent someone else in business, financial, and private matters.
Power of Attorney (POA): Meaning, Types, and How and Why to Set One Up
A power of attorney (POA) is legal authorization for a designated person to make decisions about another person's property, finances, or medical care.
What Is a Special Power of Attorney vs. Other Powers of Attorney
A special power of attorney is a legal document that authorizes one person to act on behalf of another under specified circumstances.
Power of Attorney of Property: Definition, Use, and Application
Power of attorney of property is a legal document that transfers authority to an agent to manage assets on behalf of an owner.
Limited Power of Attorney (LPOA): Types and Forms
A limited power of attorney (LPOA) is an authorization for a portfolio manager to carry out an investment strategy on behalf of a client.
Fiduciary Definition: Examples and Why They Are Important
A fiduciary is a person or organization that acts on behalf of a person or persons and is legally bound to act solely in their best interests.
How to Use Power of Attorney (POA) for a Reverse Mortgage
Power of Attorney: When You Need One
Financial vs. Medical Power of Attorney: What's the Difference?
The Purpose of IRS Form 2848
If Your Kid Is 18, You Need These Documents
6 Estate Planning Must-Haves


The Optoelectronics Research Centre is also hosting an annual reunion for its members, friends and alumni. This event will take place on Tuesday, 6 February at 18:30 at The Thirsty Bear, 661 Howard St, San Francisco, CA 04105. This event is kindly sponsored by PriTel, SPI Lasers and Yangtze Soton Lasers.


ein australischer Labradoodle, der gerne spielt, die Gesichter von Menschen abschlappert und, ob du es glaubst oder nicht, für die Kamera posiert. Little Buddy und ich trafen uns, als wir beide elf Monate alt waren. Wir haben uns sofort verbunden gefühlt und sind seitdem die besten Freunde.
Today's the day that we turn five. I'm just so happy to be alive! On our big day, what will we do? We want to give a gift to YOU. I'll pick one person who comments below, and send a signed book. Ready, set, GO! . UPDATE 2-24-19: Thank you SO much for all the birthday wishes! We feel so loved. ❤ The randomly selected winner of a pawdographed book is @tabithasims 🐾📚 Congrats!
The children were nestled all snug in their beds, using me as a doodle-pillow for their heads. 🛌 . One. More. Sleep. 💤 Merry Christmas Eve!!
Wheee!! 😁 . Every time Little Buddy comes over, he asks to jump on the bed. He's perfecting his mid air poses, don't ya think? I better up my game.
Trading in our jack-o-lanterns for pumpkin pie and whipped cream. Dive right in, Baby Girl, seems you're livin' the dream! 😋 #tbt . Time to flip the calendar... Happy November! You'll find this fun photo in the 2019 Reagandoodle calendar. 🥧 Go grab one! #buyacalendarhelpafosterchild (Link in profile) . THANK YOU to everyone who entered the contest on my last video post. Congrats to our winner, @margot_maryanne. A signed copy (including my pawtograph) of my book or calendar will be on its way to you soon.


The oil paintings of Marsha Whitesides Piper evoke a feeling of the classical elegance and craft reminiscent of the 17th century. Deeply rooted in the Old Masters realist tradition, her modern sense of design conveys her passion for light, making known color and form that emerges from the mysterious translucence of shadow.
Using the concept of chiaroscuro, the high contrast of light against dark that is the hallmark of the Old Masters tradition, Marsha begins with an umber imprimatura and skillfully builds to the dramatic pinnacle of the highlight. Her instinct for the power of serene beauty awakens in the viewer a hopefulness that life really is good.
Born into an Air Force family in 1947, Marsha was afforded the opportunity to travel widely in both the US and Europe. Her creativity and artistic eye emerged early, and with high expectation she looked forward to beginning her formal studies in the 1960's, and was quickly disappointed with art instruction only concerned with 'expressing yourself' in modern art movements of the time. She wanted the 'meat and potatoes' kind of knowledge of what the Old Masters knew.
So life happened…marriages were made, children were born.
"…previously, I was engaged in directing Roby Mill Gallery and managing 18 artist's studios as part of the Depot Arts District in Colorado Springs in the 1990's, sandblasting etched glass and graphic design. That was exciting and rewarding in many aspects, but left me still hungry to develop my love of painting. It is deeply satisfying and grounding to paint with classical techniques. It's not about copying objects - a grape, a tree, an eye, but painting what is significant about a grape, a tree, and an eye. Each time I approach my easel, I endeavor to set aside preconceived ideas about painting and seeing, which leads to rich new discoveries both about my self and the creative process.