text:
Before Cameron's Avatar: Princess Mononoke
"In ancient times, the land lay covered in forests, where from ages long past, dwelt the spirits of the gods. Back then, man and beast lived in harmony, but as time went by, most of the great forests were destroyed. Those that remained were guarded by gigantic beasts who owed their allegiances to the Great Forest Spirit, for those were the days of gods and of demons…"
– Introduction of Princess Mononoke
I consider Princess Mononoke, a film by Hayao Miyazaki's Studio Ghibli, to be one of the best environmental movie in history. Inspired by the tumultuous Muromachi era in Japanese history, Princess Mononoke explores the relationship between humans and nature in all its complex and tragic facets. Unlike many other environmental films but like so many of Miyazaki's works, Mononoke does away with clear-cut dichotomies of good and bad; characters act with understandable motivations. Most of them are capable of change and in some cases, even redemption. The film's unusual conclusion stresses the need for acceptance, integration, and reconciliation, even in the face of horrifying, unforgivable, and unforgettable tragedies.
I'm not sure I can capture all of the nuances and complexities of Princess Mononoke; I'll provide a lengthier synopsis than usual, but the film is an epic in every sense of the word and really should to be experienced in its entirety. I will try my best to focus on some of the more intriguing themes and significant ideas I found throughout the movie.
Cursed by the corrupted boar-god Nago, the young warrior-prince Ashitaka is exiled from his isolated tribe and travels west in search of a cure. On his journey, he sees the brutal state of the world outside his village. He sees humans killing each other over land, food, and gold. Jigo, an opportunistic emperor's aide, takes an interest in the young man's affliction and points Ashitaka towards Irontown, a prosperous mining town, as a possible source of his curse. Once there, Ashitaka encounters Lady Eboshi, a strong leader dedicated to protecting her people from neighbouring hostile forest spirits and warlords with the use of iron guns, a new and deadly technology. Lady Eboshi confesses that it was her guns that drove the boar-god to madness. She is sorry for the suffering she has caused Ashitaka, but does not apologize for her desire to destroy the forest spirits. She believes that out of the forest's destruction she can build a better world for her people.
As Ashitaka turns to leave, wolf gods led by a wolf-raised human girl named San, assault Irontown. San is fuelled by hatred and wants to kill Eboshi for her wanton destruction of the forest. Taken by the wolf girl's beauty, Ashitaka intervenes to stop the two and attempts to leave with San, but is accidentally shot. San saves him by taking him deep within the woods and appealing to the Great Forest Spirit. He is healed, but his curse remains.
Meanwhile, the conflicts between Irontown, foreign troops, and the forest spirit come to a head. The forces of nature decide to launch one final attack on the humans to drive them out of the forest. Jigo, arriving with the Emperor's army, demands that Eboshi capture the head of the Great Forest Spirit, reputed to have powers of immortality. Eboshi surmises correctly that Jigo wants to lure her away from Irontown and capture in her absence. Nevertheless, she complies with the order because of her desire destroy the Great Forest Spirit.
Both Ashitaka and San are trapped in these conflicts even as they try to prevent further bloodshed. The battle between forest spirits and humans ends in a bloodbath as both sides nearly annihilate each other. Jigo's troops attack Irontown, but are held off by the townspeople. Eboshi succeeds in slaying the Great Forest Spirit and delivering the head to Jigo, but loses an arm in the process. The headless god wanders in search of his head, spreading death to anything it touches. Most of Jigo's troops, the forest, and Irontown are destroyed. Finally, Ashitaka and San return the head back to the Forest Spirit, and it disappears.
When the sun comes up, the surrounding wastelands begin to turn green with sprouting plants. Ashitaka sees that his curse has been lifted. San departs for the forest. Although she cares for Ashitaka, she cannot forgive the actions of humans. Ashitaka accepts her response and promises to visit her. Jigo retreats, empty-handed. Eboshi, humbled by her losses and the events that unfolded, sends for Ashitaka to thank him, and promises to rebuild Irontown in a better way. The story ends with a shot of new trees growing on top of the dead ones, signifying that even amongst immense death and destruction, there is life and rebirth.
The Deities of Mononoke
"I think one of the biggest draws of Mononoke lies in the fact that nature and its struggle for survival against the seemingly unstoppable technical progress of humanity is embodied by gods in the form of beasts. These beasts give the struggle and the anger a face. The boars, the wolves, the apes, they all are afraid and they all have their way of reacting to the encroaching human habitations thatfell their trees and hunt them down."
– Fellow WordPress blogger Alex's Princess Mononoke analysis
The depiction of nature in Mononoke is based on the animistic deities of Shintoism; they serve as guardians of the forest. All are threatened by human encroachment, but each exhibits a different temperament and reacts differently to the situation. Moro, the main wolf god and San's mother, is resigned to the inevitable destruction of the forest, choosing to save her energy only to exact revenge on Lady Eboshi. Okkoto, a stubborn boar god, decides to charge head-on into a trap and go out in a final blaze of glory. The ape tribe tries desperately to reforest the barren landscape but is driven off by the guns of Irontown.
All of these guardians owe their allegiance to the Great Forest Spirit, a deer-like deity with a human face. It is the ultimate arbiter: With one step it can breathe life, while with another it can take it away. The Great Forest Spirit appears indifferent to the plight of man and creature alike. To me, it represents one of the most fascinating fictional manifestations of nature I have come across. Like nature, the Great Forest Spirit's motivations are completely mysterious and utterly incomprehensible. Awe, wonder, fear, otherness: These elements are all conveyed beautifully through this strange chimera of a creature.
Princess Mononoke anthropomorphizes nature, but it is done with a purpose: To relate the viewer to nature's struggles for survival in the face of human exploitation. The humans in the movie are literally engaged in war with the forest, and we are able to see nature from the perspective of the losing side, and the fear, uncertainty and despair that is associated with it. By utilizing deities to represent nature, Princess Mononoke calls to attention how dysfunctional our relationship with the environment can become, and how out of touch the human race can be when it comes to exploitation of the natural world. By the end of the film, we understand that this mentality to win and dominate can only result in a pyrrhic victory. Miyazaki understands that to destroy nature is to destroy ourselves.
Technological Game-Changers
Guns and iron were game-changers during the time and setting of Princess Mononoke. It is important to remember the context in which these technologies were introduced; life during these period for most was nasty, brutish, and short. Any comfort or measure of control provided by technology was embraced with open arms. Irontown is depicted as a prosperous place in which where people can live in relative peace and prosperity, an island fortress in a sea of danger, tyranny, and injustice. But Mononoke also reveals that novel technologies can carry unintended consequences. Guns not only brought safety and independence, but also unwanted attention from other warlords. Massive amounts of trees were required to fuel the smelters to produce iron, resulting in the barren and polluted wastelands around Irontown. With newfound power comes newfound arrogance and the potential for increased destruction.
In the real world, technological advances have similarly shaped the course of human history. Within the last century, major advances such as in nuclear sciences, organic chemistry, and telecommunications have allowed us to do more, eat better, connect faster, and live longer, more comfortable lives. But these technologies also come with unintended side effects. We generate waste that remains harmful for millennia, create materials that disrupt biological functions, and have fundamentally altered how we interact with each other. As I mentioned in last week's Collapse: Twilight at Easter Island, our ability to affect the world around us today is now global in magnitude. We must consider the consequences of applying novel technology carefully and conscientiously.
Lady Eboshi: Villain Redefined
As I have noted earlier, the characters of Princess Mononoke are dynamic and have complex motivations; Lady Eboshi is one of the more interesting female fictional antagonists around. A revolutionary for her world and time, Eboshi is a charismatic leader who treats those under her with dignity and respect. Her efforts to help the powerless are evident throughout the movie. She houses the sick lepers and tasks them with jobs of great importance. She frees brothel girls and sets them to work in the bellows, tolerating no misogyny from the men. To her, iron and guns are symbols of empowerment and freedom; she is determined to create a society that is grounded in the equal treatment of men and women.
Miyazaki once stated in an interview that Lady Eboshi was characterized to have a traumatic past (Wikipedia). Perhaps it is because she suffered abuse at the hands of traditional society that drives her to address inequality and injustice in Irontown. This would also explain that she will not accept contingency from anyone or anything; she wants to be in full control of her own destiny and has no need for gods. With the ability to take out gods, Eboshi's ambition drives her to dominate and subjugate nature. She believes that she is fully justified in this campaign. This is a world where nature, manifested in the forms of angry spirits, disease, and disasters, vindictively, constantly, and senselessly exact a heavy toll on humanity. What more noble deed is there than to exterminate the forest, a place full of all things non-human, wild, and dangerous for the betterment of her people and the society she wishes to create?
Her motivations reminds me of Cob, the villain in The Farthest Shore, who believed that he was above and better than nature. By not respecting and understanding the regenerative cycles of nature, both Cob and Eboshi wrought ruin upon the world. But unlike Cob, Eboshi demonstrates the capacity to learn from her mistakes. She realizes that her efforts to destroy the forest have decimated the society she worked so hard to create. At the end of the film, she is committed to rebuilding Irontown. Only this time she heeds the wisdom of Ashitaka, someone who understands the necessity of striking a balance with the natural environment.
Jigo: Whatever It Takes
A monk and an aide to the emperor, Jigo is a wolf in sheep's clothing. He is amoral, opportunistic, and manipulative. He pits Eboshi against the gods of the forest and gets her to do the dirty work. He doesn't care about the hunters and trackers under his command, leaving most of them to die in the calamity that ensues. Even after observing firsthand the destruction of his actions, he clings desperately to the prized head of the Great Forest Spirit until his own life was in jeopardy.
"A cynic is a man who knows the price of everything, and the value of nothing." – Oscar Wilde
The worst trait Jigo exhibits is one of deep cynicism. He accepts that the world is a cursed one and does nothing to alleviate the suffering around him; he only regards his own welfare. He has no use for hope because he lives off the despair of others. By the end of the movie, he is the only one who refuses to see that humans and nature must find a way to coexist, dismissing them all as fools. He does not and will not learn. Despite the relatively minor role he has, I regard Jigo as the true villain in Princess Mononoke.
San: Both Beast and Human
San is fuelled by hate and revenge against the humans who invade the forest. However, her encounter with Ashitaka gradually blurs the boundaries between her wolf world and the human world. Ashitaka, an outsider with a different value system than other humans, comes into her life and dispels the fear and ignorance surrounding her understanding of humans. She realizes that not all humans hate the forest, and her feelings for Ashitaka force her to acknowledge and accept that she is also human.
"Now, my poor, ugly, beautiful daughter is neither human nor wolf…" – Moro, speaking of San
At the conclusion of Princess Mononoke, she acknowledges her humanity but still cannot live amongst people. She does not forgive or forget Eboshi's actions, but she does not let her revenge for Eboshi govern her future actions. She is willing to meet Ashitaka halfway and to walk a new uncertain path with him. By doing so, San begins to learn in navigating the boundaries of nature and culture, just like Ashitaka.
Ashitaka: Eyes Unclouded by Hate
As an outsider from a culture that lived in relative harmony with the natural environment for centuries, Ashitaka displays an innate respect for the forest. In one scene, he journeys deep into the forest, carrying an injured man back to Irontown. The other man, Koroku, is deeply frightened of nature and expects angry gods to exact their revenge at any moment. But Ashitaka asks for and receives guidance from the kodamas, little spirits of the forest, and is able to find a shortcut. His actions in this scene speak to the notion that it's often easier to work with nature rather than against it. But in order to do so, there must be understanding, respect, and a willingness to learn from the non-human world.
Throughout the film, Ashitaka tries to act as the mediator between the forces of nature and man. The forest gods and the people of Irontown grow to respect him, but both groups state that he must choose a side. He tries repeatedly and desperately to convey that there are no sides, but his ideas falls on deaf ears. Only when great losses are inflicted on both sides is his message for peaceful coexistence finally heard.
Ashitaka does not fully succumb to the violence that surrounds him, nor the curse that afflicts him. He understands that the source of his curse stems from hatred: The iron bullet found in Nago represents the animosity of the forest spirit had towards the human world. This corrosive hatred, physically manifested, literally ate the boar god alive, transformed it into a demon, and cursed Ashitaka. Understanding this, Ashitaka resists the virulent contagion, choosing to break free of the cycle of revenge and retribution: He chooses to see with the world with eyes unclouded by hate. This rejection of hate, coupled with the knowledge of his impending mortality, allows him to act freely. He becomes swept up by events greater than himself, but he tries his best to make the best out of a bad situation and never gives up. Watching Ashitaka, I am reminded of one of my favourite quotes from J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings, that in dark times "all we have to decide is what to do with the time that is given to us." Ashitaka does what he can with the time he is given, even in the darkest of times when all seems lost. In doing so, he exhibits Miyazaki's central idea in many of his more profound works: "No matter how difficult it is, we must live."
Like with many of Miyazaki's works, Princess Mononoke explores the complicated and messy relationship between humans and nature in an unparalleled manner. There is a lot more I could write about this movie, but I think I'll stop there for now. What did you think of the film? What other ideas and themes did you get out of it? I would love to hear your thoughts.
Next Up: One of television science fiction's greatest hour.
Le Guin's The Farthest Shore, Part 2
Images of Princess Mononoke © 1997 Studio Ghibli. All rights reserved.
This entry was posted in: Movies
Tagged with: Culture, Environment, Film, Hayao Miyazaki, Nature, nature culture, Princess Mononoke, Studio Ghibli, WPLongform
Movie Betty says
Wow, I think you've covered everything! The first time I saw this movie was the first time I'd seen violence and gore in animation, and it was the first Miyazaki film I experienced. I remember being turned off by it, but now it is my favorite Miyazaki movie.
Isaac says
Yes, the amount of violence in Mononoke is not the norm in Miyazaki films. I think it was quite vital to the movie though, if only to convey the senselessness of violence and bloodshed caused by hatred.
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Karen Wan says
What a beautiful review of the movie. i like the way you tied the movie storyline and characters with the Farthest Shore and Tolkien, two of my favorite books.
A friend of mine gave me a copy of this movie several years ago and it is one of my favorite gifts ever.
Your review is giving me the idea that I need to watch the film again with my kids, now that we are all older and can see the different nuances of the film in a new light.
Thanks Karen. I find that writing these posts continually bring up connections I've not thought of. I've come to recognize the underlying ideas and themes that I've been drawn to my whole life. Revisiting old stories and treasured stories has been quite an enjoyable process. Many obviously don't hold up to scrutiny, but the ones that do always seem to bring up something new, something different upon closer, deeper examination. They endure.
Gina's Professions for PEACE says
This review is amazing. I think I will have to watch this again with my 20 year old son who is an aspiring artist and is a huge fan of Miyazaki. I have always preferred Spirited Away but your wise review makes me want to watch this one again. It is a favorite of my son's. Thank you!
I think Spirited Away is probably Miyazaki's best overall movie, but I have soft spots for Nausicaa and Totoro. Mononoke's great, but I think the Nausicaa graphic novels Miyazaki spent a decade of his life working on explore the nature/human relationship better. I'll be looking at that in the future. 🙂
Bradley says
An excellent article for an excellent film.
Thanks very much Bradley.
oyahuasca says
Oh yes, it is a great film and it reminds me of my favorite environmental animation – Ferngully, the last rainforrest.. Also had great visuals and shaman like connection of the characters to nature. But the mother of all environmental animations would probably be Lorax 🙂
I had fond memories of Ferngully as a kid, but I find it a little heavy-handed and simplistic in terms of its message nowadays: Man bad, nature good, a message I find extends to Cameron's Avatar as well. I did appreciate the development of empathy in Zak's character though.
I haven't seen the Lorax, only read the book, so I can't comment on the themes and ideas conveyed in that.
Mononoke, on the other hand, goes beyond good and evil to explore the tensions between human and nature to create a ultimately tragic story with no easy resolution. I think I'm drawn to that complexity first and foremost.
suzannesmom says
"Princess Mononoke" is one of my favorites! http://asakiyume.livejournal.com/, who speaks Japanese, pointed me to the English version.
It is definitely one of my favourites too. Thanks for reading and commenting!
MeAllOverThePlace says
I just realized that I have never thanked you for the lovely shout-out here! So: thank you very much.
And let me add my voice to the choir: Wonderful review!
You are very welcome! Your review definitely helped me shape mine.
ashleycapes says
Hi Isaac, fantastic review!
One of my favourite Ghibli films, easily. I love the way the Forest Spirit is animated in the climax – and I definitely agree with you about Eboshi, it's great to see villains with dimension.
What I also love about the charactarisation, is the way that, as in many Miyazaki films, the hero uses kindness and is willing to sacrifice things for others – it's in that respect that Ashitaka reminds me of Nausicaa or Sen a bit.
Looking forward to seeing more on Ghibli from your blog!
You can't beat hate with hate – I think that's a core idea of Princess Mononoke. It's easy to succumb to revenge (both gods and humans do it in the movie), but that only causes immense pain and destruction. One's freedom to choose is wasted, bounded to ideals that do not adapt. Miyazaki seems to say that the path forward to change, freedom, and healing is to live, no matter how difficult and impossible it may sometimes seem. Some, like Ashitaka understand it from the outset. Some, like Eboshi, learn it late and at great cost; others, like Jigo, never learn at all.
I agree, definitely!
Yes, Jigo will never learn and it's part of what makes Eboshi so effective, she does learn/change as a character.
Looking forward to the next Miyazaki?
I'm not sure. I think as a storyteller he peaked at Spirited Away because I haven't seen anything of his hit that height since. I haven't seen Ponyo though.
I am, but it's also an adaptation – so I guess I won't be able to wholly judge his storytelling in that film as resting on his shoulders perhaps?
I think Ponyo was wonderful but a little flawed for me, in terms of character development – or maybe Ponyo herself, she just bugged me a little, her values were perhaps too inhuman?
I'm actually more intrigued by Takahata's Little Bamboo Cutter. I know very little about either project though, so I can't really get too too excited until I see them.
Me too – it sounds great, and the poster looks good too. I have high hopes! 🙂
Wong says
Another good Enviromentalist movie by Miyazaki is Nausicaa
Yes. I've written a bit about the manga on Ekostories, which expands upon the movie substantially 🙂 https://ekostories.com/2013/05/31/greatest-ekostory-nausicaa/
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The Turkish Hairstylist Whose Legacy Has Smashed Diversity Boundaries
Eugene Souleiman has changed the fashion industry for the better
Roisin Tapponi
For nearly 30 years, Eugene Souleiman has been dressing the hair of fashion's elite. From Yohji Yomamoto campaigns to Chanel runways, Souleiman is celebrated for his diverse looks that stretch from editorial to commercials and catwalks across the world.
Over his career Souleiman has worked closely with a number of iconic brands including Calvin Klein, Balenciaga, Givenchy, Fendi, Jil Sander and countless others. In addition to this, he has also created otherworldly runway looks for Dolce & Gabbana, Celine, Chanel, Chloe, Louis Vuitton, Rick Owens – the list goes on.
Beyond the fashion world, he is also renowned in the global hair industry. Souleiman trained at Sassoon and later became their editorial director. He is now the Global Creative Director of Styling for leading hair-product brand Wella Professional. He's also worked with a host of celebrities such as Lady Gaga and Miley Cyrus, creating iconic looks for the red carpet, to contest the runway.
Born and raised in a council estate in South-East London with Arab heritage during the Thatcherite era, Souleiman has always been quick to remind people of beauty's more marginalised voices, especially in the fashion industry. Souleiman's story in Another magazine issue SS03 is still being talked about, referenced today as revolutionary. Working with acclaimed photographer Norbert Schoerner, Souleiman would only work with Afro hair and created what he branded a 'hair topiary', with intricate clippings of radical styles. He has also worked with many other top magazines, acting as regular contributor to Dazed and Confused, i-D magazine, Harper's Bazaar, Another magazine, L'Uomo Vogue, Numero and the New York Times.
As a result, whilst holding his prestigious position, he has become known for his more edgy looks, working and communicating closely with brands like Maison Margiela, and make-up artists such as his good friend Pat McGrath. As commented to Dazed earlier this year he said, "I don't work with people who want a ponytail". He prizes communicating with people on a personal level, rather than following trends with commercial viability.
Souleiman's latest work was created in partnership with Marcus Schaefer. Based in New York, Schaefer's work is more akin to the photography seen in art galleries rather than fashion advertising. Commenting on the aim of their collaboration, Souleiman said "I wanted to create something dark, mystic and earthy and not something that felt cosmetic and traditional" in an interview with Dazed.
Articulating a type of anti-beauty, Souleiman went on to say "I wanted to style hair as it would've been done before the comb was invented". The result is haunting – statuesque models balancing deconstructed hairstyles; which intersecting with Schaefer's ethereal photography creates a startling effect.
The collection does stand out as a new model of alternative beauty – offering a different perspective of editorial hair in which rawness and imperfection complete the look, creating a timeless momentum for our increasingly diverse global beauty industry.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Gliese 581 is een zwakke, met het blote oog niet zichtbare ster in het sterrenbeeld Weegschaal (Libra). De ster is een rode dwerg en heeft tot nu toe vier bevestigde planetaire begeleiders. De aanwezigheid van twee andere begeleiders kon tot op heden niet met overtuigend wetenschappelijk bewijs worden aangetoond.
De naam van deze ster is afkomstig uit de Gliese catalogus, een stercatalogus voor sterren in de "omgeving" van de zon.

Planetenstelsel
Het Gliese 581-stelsel heeft 4 bevestigde (b, c, d en e) en 2 onbevestigde planeten (f en g). Sommige hiervan bevinden zich binnen de bewoonbare zone.

Gliese 581 b

Gliese 581 b heeft een massa die 17 keer zo groot is als die van de aarde, en legt zijn baan af in 5,366 dagen op een afstand van 6 miljoen km tot de ster. Door de geringe afstand tot de ster heeft deze planeet een oppervlaktetemperatuur van naar schatting 150 °Celsius.

Gliese 581 c

Deze planeet werd ontdekt door een team onder leiding van Stéphane Udry, onderzoeker bij het Observatorium van de Universiteit van Genève in Zwitserland, met gebruikmaking van het HARP instrument op de Europese Zuidelijke Sterrenwacht, de telescoop met een spiegeldiameter van 3,6 meter in het La Silla Observatorium in Chili. De ontdekking werd bekendgemaakt op 24 april 2007.
Het team bestond uit onderzoekers van de universiteiten van Gèneve, Grenoble, Parijs en Lissabon.

De omlooptijd om de ster, ofwel de lengte van een jaar, bedraagt 13 dagen. De oppervlaktetemperatuur wordt geschat op 0 °C tot 40 °C. Als er zich water zou bevinden, dan zou dat vloeibaar zijn. Daarmee is Gliese 581-C een interessant onderzoeksobject in het onderzoek naar buitenaards leven. De planeet heeft naar schatting een anderhalf maal zo groot oppervlak als de aarde en is ongeveer vijf maal zo zwaar.

Gliese 581 d

Gliese 581 d is een derde planeet met ongeveer een 8-voudige massa in vergelijking tot de aarde en draait in 84 dagen om de ster. Zijn ontdekking werd gemeld in november 2005.
Aanvankelijk werd aangenomen dat Gliese 581 d een ijsplaneet was, maar een team wetenschappers heeft simulaties gedaan in het Parijse instituut Simon Laplace waaruit blijkt dat de exoplaneet weleens te maken kan hebben met een broeikaseffect. Het gevolg zou het ontstaan van oceanen, wolken en regen zijn. Indien er CO2 die in de atmosfeer zou zitten, zou die er voor kunnen zorgen dat de planeet de warmte van de zwakkere moederster opslaat, en dus opwarmen. Gliese 581 d krijgt 3 keer minder sterrenlicht/warmte dan de aarde krijgt van de zon.

Gliese 581 e

Gliese 581 e is de vierde planeet met een massa van 1,9 keer die van onze aarde en draait in 3,15 dagen om de ster. Hiermee is ze de lichtste exoplaneet die tot op heden werd ontdekt.

Gliese 581 f

Gliese 581 f heeft minstens zevenmaal de massa van de Aarde. Onduidelijk is echter of het een planeet betreft met een vast oppervlak of dat het hier gaat om een zogenaamde gasreus.

Gliese 581 g

Gliese 581 g is de zesde planeet en staat onofficieel bekend als Zarmina's Wereld. De planeet heeft een massa van ruim driemaal die van de Aarde en heeft een omlooptijd van krap 37 dagen. Op deze planeet zou leven mogelijk kunnen zijn.

Externe link
 Gliese 581 bij SIMBAD

Ster binnen 25 lichtjaar
Type M-hoofdreeksster

Ster in Weegschaal

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Climbed this as part of a 6 day tour of the area. Started at our camp at the 3790 m saddle at the base of the Kooleh Peak and followed the ridgeline south. Baypassed Points 3848 m and 3841 m to the west of them and then climbed the 4007 m Haft Saran Peak. The ridgeline that connected Haft Saran to Takhte Khers seemed to be rocky so descended into the very upper portions of the Sesang River and went to the saddle between Point 3983 m and Takhte Khers before heading for the summit. Steep snow bank below the summit.


text:
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


If you are concerned about your child's walking or they are complaining of tired or aching legs and feet; or even pain, then get some advice from your podiatrist. North Queensland Podiatry understands the importance of keeping children healthy and active. So come and see us for some friendly professional advice and treatment. We commit to providing treatment options that meet your budget.


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Assessing a program's coverage is a recurring challenge for organizations, who are often beleaguered by small sample sizes, geographical limitations and high laboratory costs.


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Your Toothpaste Might Contain This Controversial Ingredient
The Melanin Edit
Brushing Up
By Macaela Mackenzie
Blobs of pink toothpaste, spilling out of white tube, side view.Getty Images/Dorling Kindersley
Toothpaste usually doesn't play a major role in our beauty routines. But with all the deliciously rich-hued lipsticks coming out this season, your dental hygiene might suddenly seem more relevant. If there were ever a time to up the ante on your brushing and flossing game, it's now. But according to a new report, the type of toothpaste you're using might have a nasty side effect on the rest of your body.
On September 2, the FDA banned some antibacterial soaps because they contain a chemical called triclosan, which has been shown in animals to mess with hormone levels that affect metabolism and thyroid function—a side effect that some health experts warn could occur in humans. But despite the ban, you might still be getting a daily dose of triclosan, according to a report by the The New York Times—the antibacterial chemical is in Colgate Total toothpaste.
RELATED: The Teeth-Whitening Mistake That Darkens Your Pearly Whites
Why a chemical that's been dubbed unsafe for our hands is still allowed in our mouths is a bit confusing and throws a big question mark over how much we're actually paying for our grooming routines.
According to the report, the company, Colgate-Palmolive, has run a battery of health and safety tests, and the FDA has ultimately dubbed its toothpaste safe to use, hence why it's still on shelves.
The triclosan ban is stirring up new scrutiny, however. Currently, there's not a lot of research on the hormonal effects of triclosan—especially long-term effects in humans, according to the FDA. In theory (only based on the short-term animal research), the Colgate Total toothpaste ingredient could be lowering your thyroid hormones, which would put the brakes on your resting metabolism, cell development, and even the way your body is able to process the nutrients in the skin-health diet you're so religious about. In a statement on its site in response to the FDA's triclosan ban, Colgate-Palmolive says, "The full weight of scientific evidence amassed over 25 years continues to support the safety and efficacy of Colgate Total." In addition, it noted, "only Colgate Total toothpaste provides both antibacterial protection and direct anti-inflammatory action, which is notable given the importance of good oral health and the emerging scientific research associating oral health with overall health."
RELATED: The Ten Commandments of White Teeth
While more research is definitely needed, if you're stressed about the potential effects on your metabolism, switch to an antibacterial-free brand of toothpaste (we like
Tom's of Maine Simply White Natural Fluoride Toothpaste in Clean Mint
This all-natural Tom's of Maine whitening toothpaste gently whitens teeth and freshens breath with the taste of real mint.
By Holly Crawford
) and keep on buffing those pearly whites worry-free.
Macaela Mackenzie is a writer, traveler, and lover of a bold lip color. As a freelance journalist living between NYC and SF, she covers all things culture, style, and health. The quickest route to her keyboard: any story that tugs at the thread between fashion, politics, and feminism. You... Read more
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If you desire to turn any room into a fun-filled play environment, indoor trampolines are designed to fit inside your home and measure between 3 and 8 feet in diameter. Outdoor trampolines are often larger models measuring 10 to 15 feet that bring the bouncing fun to your backyard.
Within the outdoor trampolines category, we will touch on the best trampoline for kids top choices for traditional round trampolines, spring-free trampolines and rectangular trampolines.
The whole family can stay active and have a blast when bouncing on a trampoline. Bouncing on a trampoline helps children to strengthen their muscles without placing too much strain on their growing bodies. As a great alternative to sedimentary activities such as video games or television, trampolines are a fun way for kids to exercise while having a blast! The health benefits are endless and kids love to bounce up and down for hours.
We understand that it can be time consuming to read through kids trampoline reviews. To save you the hassle, Kids Ride Wild rounded up the top choices to help you find a trampoline that will a great fit for your available space. To keep it simple, our buying guide is split into two sections: one section of smaller, indoor trampolines and the second will be all about the best outdoor trampoline options.
Inspire your children to dream high and use their imaginations by finding the best trampoline for kids that fits perfectly in your home or backyard.
If you are looking for a toddler trampoline, the Original Toy Company Fold & Go Trampoline is a great choice for smaller children. Parents can assemble this trampoline from box to bouncing within 5 minutes, so your child won't be missing out on any fun! Assembly of this 3 foot trampoline is literally as simply as screwing on the legs and attaching the handle. For added safety, the blue circular pad attaches to the outer ring of the trampoline to protect your child's feet from getting caught in the springs. This is an ideal toy for special needs children as it the large handle attachment provides added stability for kids to bounce up and down.
The unique folding design allows this to be one of the most portable trampoline models for indoor use weighing at only 13.2 pounds. It measures at a diameter of 36 inches and standing height of 34 inches. Despite it's small size, it can certainly hold up to it's share of weight and exceeds government toy safety standards. The trampoline will hold up to 150 pounds and is recommended for children ages 3 to 7 years. It is designed purely with safety in mind, adhering to ASTM F963-08 Part 1 & 2 safety standards along with federal government toy safety standards. This trampoline will likely get daily use in your household as it has plenty of bounce factor! What more can you ask for than an indoor toddler trampoline that is safe, portable and full of bouncing fun?
>> Check out The Original Toy Company Fold & Go Trampoline on Amazon right here.
The Pure Fun Kids Preschool Jumper is an indoor mini trampoline for kids designed for hours on end of worry-free bouncing. This toy is ideal for preschool aged children and is recommended for use for ages 3 to 7. It is super lightweight weighing only 15 pounds which makes it a great addition for any indoor room. Instead of the traditional circular design, this trampoline is in the shape of a square measuring at 36 inches in length and 33 inches in height. Easy to grip cushioning gives kids a firm grip that is not only slip-free but comfortable for long jumping sessions. They will want to keep building their strength and leg muscles while bouncing on this fun toddler trampoline.
Parents love having a safe environment for their children that will last for years. Not to mention, it is extremely easy to assemble and requires no extra tools for complete assembly. Kids are excited by the mesh material that covers the springs as it is full of alphabet fun! The spring cover features different colored shapes that adds an educational twist to trampoline bouncing. If your child were to fall on the edge, the frame cover is cushioned to protect your child. With an attached ergonomic safety bar, toddlers can play while developing their coordination and balance.With this trampoline, not only is it certified safe for ASTM, TUV/GS and CE but it is extremely sturdy and won't shift around on the floor inside. The frame can hold up to 75 pounds of pure kid power!
>> Check out Pure Fun Kids Preschool Jumper on Amazon right here.
The Little Tikes 3 Foot Trampoline is designed for indoor use and can turn any small space into a bouncing wonderland! Kids up to 55 pounds can safely jump on this kids trampoline with bar as it is recommended for ages 3 to 6 years. Toddlers need a bit of extra help to stay upright and bounce high without it being dangerous. With a safety bar spans across the entire trampoline surface, this is surely a stable toy for young bouncers! One at a time, your children can jump up on the trampoline surface and bounce up and down. The elastic webbing construction is preferred over traditional springs or bungees as it is safer and lasts for many years. You won't have to worry about your child's toes getting caught in the springs or the bungee cords wearing out over time.
Little Tikes created the ideal combination of plastic and metal for a durable, long-lasting trampoline. The attached stability bar makes it much safer than a standalone indoor bouncing surface. Gripping onto the black handle is effortless as it is positioned for ultimate comfort and coordination. Toddlers will love burning off energy with the large 36 inch diameter surface with 26.25 inches of jumping surface between the trampoline and the bar. Easy assembly of the trampoline base means that your child will be ready to play in a matter of minutes. If you want to encourage physical activity without feeling like a nagging parent, this toy will do exactly that. Instead of boredom, your child's face will light up with excitement while bouncing on this Little Tikes kids trampoline!
>> Check out Little Tikes Trampoline on Amazon right here.
The Pure Fun Super Jumper is a 48 inch baby trampoline with an attached handrail for added security. This toy comes two color options with a cute circular design on the cover: pink for girls and blue for boys. Young children build stamina and agility while bouncing around on the trampoline surface. They won't even realize the added benefits of improving their flexibility as they will be having so much fun! The ergonomic safety bar is perfectly bent for stability and use by children ages 3 and up. For even more safety, the springs are covered with a cushion to avoid tripping and falling over the metal springs. It is even ASTM, CE and TUV/GS certified for safety which assures parents that this trampoline is an excellent choice for indoor use.
Let your child decide where they want to jump and this toy can be put together in just a few minutes. No added tools or parts are required to prepare this toy for hours of entertainment. For independent jumpers, the handle bar can be popped out if needed. Adults under 100 pounds can even use this toy as that is the maximum weight capacity. The forty, 3.5 inch galvanized steel springs provide bouncing power for kids to get massive air! They will surely last for at least several years with the durable springs. This trampoline is affordable and loads of fun for young children to build stamina. The name of this trampoline represents what it will truly be in your household: Pure Fun!
>> Check out Pure Fun Super Jumper: 48″ Trampoline with Handrail on Amazon right here.
For parents who would prefer a trampoline with enclosure for their children, The Skywalker Trampolines Round Bouncer is a fully padded trampoline. Ideal for indoor use such as in the basement or playroom, this trampoline measures 48 inches in diameter with a no-gap enclosure net. This means that the toy comes with added piece of mind because the net is sewn directly to the jumping mat which avoids trip hazards for children. For younger children, the handle bar is padded and spans 360 degrees around the trampoline to support their balance while jumping. With a powder coated steel frame, the padded uprights keep the enclosure in place for an all around safe jumping experience. As an added safety bonus, there is a lower enclosure net on this model that prevents kids from climbing or falling underneath the base.
Kids can choose from two color options for the padded frame cover: either camo or bright red. Both models have assembled dimensions of 48 x 48 x 56 inches which will fit with-in most standard ceilings. This toddler trampoline with net enclosure is recommended for little bouncers ages 3 to 7 with a maximum weight capacity of 100 pounds. Instead of metal springs, this jumping surface features 30 elastic stretch bands which provide maximum bounce without having to worrying about pinching your child's feet. Once this trampoline is assembled, kids can enter the bouncer by unzipping the enclosure and hopping in. Kids explore trampoline exercising in a safe environment without having to worry about falling off and hurting themselves.
>> Check out Skywalker Trampolines Round Bouncer on Amazon right here.
Kids love being able to jump indoors with the Skywalker Trampoline 60 inch Round Seaside Adventure Bouncer. It has a jumping base that measures 5 feet in diameter and 4.9 feet in height. While this may be a small trampoline for kids, there is no shortage of fun with a soft and supportive bounce. The springless design features 36 elastic stretch bands that put parents at ease as they don't have to be concerned with their kids tripping over metal springs. Let your child learn how to bounce in a stable environment with the 360 degree handle that surrounds the circular trampoline. As they strengthen their muscle and develop coordination, they can let go and jump freely.
This indoor trampoline for kids is designed for one or two kids to get extreme air with a overall weight limit of 100 pounds. Recommended for ages 3 to 7, it is a great way for kids to burn energy while trying out new jumps and tumbles. Skywalker Trampolines built a quality trampoline that is both durable and built to last for many years. It is also approved for passing all toy standards established by the American Society for Testing and Materials. Instead of a boring black jumping mat, the base is full of colorful screen printed animals including a whale, starfish and dolphin. Your child will enjoy hopping from animal to animal as they play games on the trampoline. The padded enclosure system adds piece of mind for parents with plastic pole caps that secure the net to the uprights. This 5 foot trampoline is the perfect combination of safety and fun!
>> Check out Skywalker Trampolines 60″ Round Seaside Adventure Bouncer with Enclosure on Amazon right here.
Sportspower's My First Trampoline is a toddler trampoline with net designed for both indoor and outdoor use. Jumping fun will last all year long as this trampoline can easily be moved inside when the weather gets too cold. The breathable mesh allows parents to watch their kids while they are bouncing within the UV-resistant safety enclosure. The durable springs are covered with a thick protector mat that is surrounded by the netting. No more worrying about elastic bands breaking after years of jumping! Constructed with high quality materials, this trampoline will last for generations of exercise. The enclosure features three arches made from thick steel tubes and the frame also has galvanized steel covered with plastic. No more rusting and plenty of stability to safely hold a maximum weight of up to 100 pounds.
Younger kids can enjoy this enjoy the bouncing experience with My First Trampoline as it is recommended for ages 3 to 7. Most prefer it for indoor use because the black mat can heat up pretty quickly in the sun. Whether you pay for expert assembly or assemble it yourself, this toy will be ready for play time in less than an hour. It is a few large parts that need to be connected and it won't be long until your children are having a blast. Once assembled, it is extremely sturdy for hours of use. Simply unzip the netting and your kids can climb right up onto the jumping mat. This is one toy that your kids will never get bored of!
>> Check out My First Trampoline 84″ on Amazon right here.
Skywalker Trampolines Jump N' Count Trampoline with Enclosure is a neat way for your children to build their stamina but have a blast while learning their numbers. The jumping mat has numbered quadrants that are screen printed to encourage creativity and development. Let their imagination bounce in the air as they come up with different games and missions to play on the trampoline. The no-gap enclosure system exclusive to Skywalker Trampolines ensures that the net is directly attached to the jumping surface to keep your children's feet from injury. Compared with traditional models, assembly and maintenance are a breeze because there is no need to thread ropes through the surface. The springs are completely covered by the UV-resistant pad that is made of thick PVC material. Kids can climb on and off the edges without feeling uncomfortable or worrying about avoiding the springs.
Parents can appreciate that this trampoline provides plenty of value as the entire thing is built for a longer life. There are 40 coiled 5.5 inch springs spread around the jumping mat that give a powerful bounce. Kids can bounce as high as their little legs can propel them! With reinforced T-sockets at each leg of the frame, this trampoline is extremely stable as these joints prevent the frame from twisting. This feature also makes for simple assembly or disassembly which is helpful if you want to move it to a new spot in your house. Kids stay inside the dual closure system while jumping and when they are ready to get out, parents unclip the latch and unzip to open the net. Chances are you will have to almost beg your child to get finished jumping with this fun bouncer!
>> Check out Skywalker Trampolines Jump N' Count Trampoline with Enclosure on Amazon right here.
The Skywalker 8-Feet Round Trampoline features a sturdy enclosure for a safe bouncing experience. Parents love the added safety of the button hole feature that secures the net directly to the jumping surface. It is much easier for kids to climb up with a 21 inch high surface which is lower and easier to access compared with other 8 foot trampolines. This trampoline measures 6.5 feet in total height with the enclosure uprights with a circular diameter of 8 feet. Kids enjoy having more room to bounce and learn jumping tricks indoors. This model is recommended for ages 6 and up, although many parents have supervised younger children jumping on the trampoline. The maximum weight limit is 150 pounds which means several kids can have a blast playing together.
This trampoline with enclosure comes in both blue and green versions with the colored safety pad protects little feet and hands from getting caught in the springs. The padding is extra thick with a 1 inch UV resistant pad for superior cushioning and durability. With 56 of the 5.5 inch springs spread around the trampoline surface, this bouncer gives a powerful bounce for jumping fun! While it is mostly intended for indoor use, the frame is rust resistant and galvanized to help to extend it's life. As added assurance for parents, the enclosure is framed by four uprights padded with cushioned material. Skywalker Trampolines truly went above and beyond to design a high-quality family environment for kids to get exercise and entertainment.
>> Check out Skywalker 8-Feet Round Trampoline with Safety Enclosure on Amazon right here.
The Pure Fun 8-Foot Trampoline will be a blast for your children to bounce around within the mesh enclosure netting. This trampoline is built for strength and durability with a rust-resistant iron frame. With T-section reinforcements, this model is will be a sturdy jumping environment for many years to come. Parents don't have to worry about the trampoline shifting around or wobbling while in use. Enhanced stability of the W-shaped legs can be attributed to the 8 contact points that keep the trampoline firmly in place. Perfect for smaller yards, this trampoline is full of excitement for all ages!
Kids love the added bounce of this trampoline as the high performance springs provide a much deeper bounce than similar round trampoline models. There is certainly no shortage of protection with a thick PVC cover over the frame and foam padding over the metal springs. Not only is there an increased landing area but kids won't get their feet caught in the springs when climbing on and off the trampoline. The trampoline meets ASTM safety requirements making it a certified safe toy for kids to bounce on. The jumping mat is designed for outdoor use with weather resistant material that is sure to last through rain and snow. Parents love the simple assembly as there is no drilling or extra tools required. The trampoline can be put together in less than a few hours and your children will be ready to jump aboard for playtime!
>> Check out Pure Fun 8-Foot Trampoline with Enclosure Set on Amazon right here.
If you want your children to experience jumping fun outdoors, the JumpKing Outdoor Trampoline and Safety Net Enclosure will be a great fit for your backyard! With a maximum weight limit of 200 pounds, this trampoline has plenty of bounce factor for multiple children. This 10 foot trampoline is designed with a sturdy frame and patented enclosure system which will last for many seasons of play. The top rail frame system is curved to keep the uprights away from children bouncing. With a kid-friendly enclosure zipper, kids can open and close it on their own. Kids like being able to independently jump up on the trampoline and have a blast! The springs are amazingly quiet which makes it enjoyable to watch your children jumping in excitement without an annoying squeaking sound.
Considering the 10 foot size, this trampoline doesn't take long to assemble and in-cludes a set of straightforward directions. Parents can easily assemble the trampoline within an hour or two and it can be used either with or without the enclosure net.The circular jumping mat connects to the frame with 56 count of 5.5 inch springs to deliver a consistent bounce for children of all sizes. You won't have to worry about the springs being exposed as this trampoline includes a blue cushion to place around the diameter of the jumping mat. The frame is extremely sturdy with "W" shape legs that give it additional safety and stability. The galvanized springs and steel frame are rust resistant and capable of withstanding outdoor weather elements. Outdoor play will never be boring with this ultimate combination trampoline.
>> Check out JumpKing Outdoor Trampoline and Safety Net Enclosure on Amazon right here.
The Skywalker Trampolines 10 Foot Round Trampoline and Enclosure is a popular outdoor trampoline for kids ages 6 and up that will be a great addition to your backyard. If you have a smaller backyard or play area, the 10 foot diameter will fit in perfectly with some room to spare. With a 175 pound weight capacity, this trampoline is ideal for 2 to 3 kids to play on. Not only is it compact in size, but features top of the line safety features including a steel frame construction and stay-put enclosure system. To provide added stability, reinforced T-stocks are placed in each joint of the frame. Even after years of withstanding the outdoor elements, this trampoline will remain intact with 64 count of galvanized 5.5 inch springs. Of course if you want to keep it in pristine condition, it is best to purchase a trampoline cover.
You can choose a color option that best fits your child's preferences. The outdoor trampoline comes in three different options for the UV-resistant spring cover includes blue, green and purple. The padded cover boasts a 1 inch thick foam to make climbing on and off a comfortable experience for kids. The jumping mat is attached directly to the net enclosure to eliminate gaps. Compared with other enclosure attachments that use threaded ropes, this enclosure is much safer because little hands and feet don't slip out of the net. Parents are thankful for the safety features and love seeing their kids run and bounce without falling off the trampoline.
>> Check out Skywalker Trampolines 10 Ft. Round Trampoline and Enclosure with Spring on Amazon right here.
Designed for outdoor use only, the Ultega Jumper allows kids ages 3 and up to get massive air while jumping. The instructional guide even suggests 5 different jumps for both children and adults to develop balance and agility. There is a premium mesh net surrounds the jumping space to keep bouncers inside while jumping. With 8 padded poles to secure the net, you can be assured that this model is built for maximum safety and comfort. The UV coating on the jumping mat prevents it from overheating during the hot summer months so kids can play without burning their feet. Ultega crafted this trampoline to the highest quality standards with double-footed steel legs for a stable base. Kids will enjoy super bounciness and added protection of this trampoline.
>> Check out Ultega Jumper Trampoline with Safety Net on Amazon right here.
With the Skywalker Trampolines 12-Feet Round Trampoline, your backyard will never be the same. Both kids and adults can join in on the jumping fun with extra bouncy metal springs and a mesh enclosure net. This trampoline is designed for outdoor use with a durable frame that is rust resistant for years of fun! The steel frame is also very sturdy and will stay in place while in use. Reinforced T-sockets are welded to the enclosure upright to add to the stability of the net by eliminating structural twisting. Parents can be assured that this trampoline is reliable with a total of 6 W-shaped legs to support the weight of the structure and several children on the jumping mat.
Assembly can be completed in a few hours, so it won't be long before your child is full of joy. You can either join your child for the low impact exercise or watch them from your lawn chair through the see-through mesh. No need to worry about injuries from falling off the trampoline as the enclosure net uses the Stay-Put feature to attach the jumping mat directly to the netting. Kids build their coordination and agility while safely jumping on this large trampoline. The UV resistant materials in the mat and spring cover help to keep it cooler and more durable when outdoors in the hot sunshine. You can choose from a wide variety of color options for the cushioned spring pad including blue, green, camo, purple and red. With the ability to customize your choice to your child's favorite color, this trampoline is sure to be a top contender for the best trampoline for kids.
>> Check out Skywalker Trampolines 12-Feet Round Trampoline and Enclosure with Spring Pad on Amazon right here.
The Exacme 6W Legs Trampoline is an all-in-one combination trampoline that comes fully equipped with a safety pad, enclosure net and ladder. Fully assembled, the size of this trampoline is 12 x 2.8 x 8.2 feet. With a maximum occupancy weight of 398 pounds, multiple kids and even adults will be able to enjoy getting exercise. One way that this model can accommodate more weight than comparable 12 foot trampolines is the 6 W-shaped legs that feature 12 contact points for additional stability. With a heavy duty frame constructed of rust resistant galvanized steel, this trampoline with net will hold up to outdoor conditions for many years. Not only is it built to last, but this model will keep your children safe while climbing up the ladder and bouncing inside. Exacme takes safety seriously as all of their trampolines are TUV certified in addition to GST and UV testing approved.
Your backyard play environment will be complete with endless jumping and tumbling with the Exacme trampoline. The trampoline comes in 3 boxes, simply open the boxes and assemble the frame and enclosure. It is easier to install if you have at least one other person to help due to the large size. The net enclosure attaches to the trampoline with thick straps and ropes to keep it from shifting while kids are inside. Kids trampoline reviews rave about how secure this enclosure is compared with other models. You can't go wrong with a safe and exciting way for the whole family to exercise!
>> Check out Exacme 6W Legs Trampoline with Safety Pad & Enclosure Net & Ladder All-in-One Combo Set on Amazon right here.
Skybound Cirrus 14 foot Trampoline features a full enclosure net system that promotes an active lifestyle for kids ages 6 and up. The lightning-quick enclosure system installation is patented for parents to easily install the trampoline. You can forget about using a bunch of small screws, pole caps or bolts as the innovative push pin design Kids will be ready to bounce with their friends in no time. As a parent, you want a trampoline with net that will stay in place and last for many years. The enclosure is a top of the line, high-density netting that is backed with a 10-year warranty which assures you that it is engineered for durability.
You will appreciate the premium features that make the Skybound Cirrus a great jumping environment for your children. The two-piece spring pad is a thick blend of PVC and foam that is strong enough to withstand frequent use. The blue safety pad covers the springs and is both weather resistant and has an anti-bacterial coating to ensure it's longevity.The jumping mat is connected to the frame with 72 count of premium steel spring. No need to worry about corrosion and rusting as the springs are cold dipped in ionized zinc. The 6 W-shaped legs will keep this trampoline stable for kids to bounce for hours on end. It will stay in place and meets or exceeds U.S ASTM Trampoline Safety holding a maximum weight of 220 pounds. If you have multiple kids, this 14 foot trampoline will surely inspire your kids to exercise and burn off energy.
>> Check out SkyBound Cirrus 14 ft Trampoline with Full Enclosure Net System on Amazon right here.
The Exacme TUV Approved Trampoline with Safety Pad is a large 14 foot trampoline that includes both a safety enclosure net and attachable ladder. Kids trampoline reviews assert that the stability is much better with this model as it features 6 W-shaped legs with 12 contact points. Most trampolines in the 12 or 14 foot size have only 4 or 5 legs to hold it in place. More stability means a safer trampoline for kids to jump on! It is super easy to assemble for parents who prefer to do it themselves. Although there is the option to pay an added fee for expert assembly. Either route you choose, the trampoline will be up and ready to go for playtime in less than a few hours. It comes in 3 different boxes for easy organization and once assembled, the blue PVC cover attaches to the top to protect your child's hands and feet. The ladder makes it convenient for kids to come up the steps instead of having to climb up from the ground.
If safety is a priority, parents will be fond of the fact that all Exacme trampoline are TUV certified along with GST and UV testing approved. Compared with traditional welded trampolines, it is much stronger and safer as it is constructed with galvanized steel tubing. The 72 pieces of 7 inch screws attach the mat to the trampoline frame to deliver a super powerful bounce for both kids and adults. With a maximum weight limit of 398 pounds, this is a great environment for the entire family to play.
>> Check out Exacme TUV Approved Trampoline with Safety Pad & Enclosure Net & Ladder on Amazon right here.
The SkyBound Stratos Trampoline with Full Enclosure is a premier choice for kids to experience amazing heights while bouncing in a safe environment. The enclosure net system is easily assembled with an exclusive push-pin technology which eliminates the need for bolts, screws and pole caps. Instead of the industry standard of 6 or 8 enclosure uprights, this 14 foot trampoline uses 12 poles to secure the enclosure system. This means the enclosure offers additional support and can withstand much more impact than other systems. All Skybound trampolines either meet or exceed U.S. ASTM standards which is accompanied by an industry leading warranty. The manufacturer truly stands behind the quality with 10 years of warranty protection on the frame, 2 years on the mat, 1 year on the springs and net and 6 months on the pad.
This trampoline will exceed your expectations with gold zinc springs to add to your child's bounce and prevent rust from outdoor weather conditions. The springs are 8.5 inches in length which is longer than the 7 inches offered in other 14 foot trampoline models. The longer length means that the trampoline will be more resilient to impact and repeated use. With a proprietary blend of pole foam and vinyl PVC materials, the spring pad and enclosure poles can withstand high UV levels from the sun. Kids love having extra power in their bounce, not just for a few months but for many seasons of play.
>> Check out SkyBound Stratos Trampoline with Full Enclosure Net System on Amazon right here.
The Zupapa 15 Foot Trampoline with Enclosure Net is a large trampoline that will accommodate exercise for the whole family. This TUV certified trampoline adheres to the highest levels of German quality and safety standards. All Zupupa products are carefully examined by the TUV German organization to ensure they are free from hazards and will be a safe environment for your children to bounce. This model has 108 galvanized springs that measure 7 inches in length. This is a higher amount than most other 15 foot trampolines that only have 96 which means higher jumping and ultimately a longer life for the trampoline. Kids won't get tangled in the springs when climbing up as the 20-mm thick PVC foam pad covers them for added protection.
This trampoline will arrive with everything you need to get your children ready for jumping. You won't need to drill any holes or buy any additional tools which will be a signifi-cant time saver. The instructions are straight-forward and this product is easy for parents to assemble. Parents will admire the high quality materials and kids will be thankful to not burn their feet on the UV-protected jumping mat. The structure is designed to prevent twisting and shifting which makes it extremely safe for hours of fun. The net pools are longer with added joint support to keep the net in place when children are roughhousing in the trampoline en-closure. With a 375 maximum weight capacity, plenty of kids can laugh and jump around on this large trampoline.
>> Check out Zupapa 15 Ft TUV Approved Trampoline with Enclosure Net on Amazon right here.
In search of a large, round trampoline with plenty of safety and durability features? The Skywalker Trampolines 15-Feet trampoline is an excellent choice for kids 6 and up to have a grand time in an enclosed bouncing paradise. You will have a flexibility to choose from 4 different color options for the spring pad including blue, camo, green and red. The covers are made from thick foam that protects children from injuring themselves as a result of the 96 metal springs. Designed for outdoor use, the frame is constructed from galvanized steel that is not only heavy-duty but it is rust resistant. Kids will love being able to revisit their favorite play environment over and over again even after bad weather days.
Skywalker Trampolines takes pride in their unique enclosure system that keeps children from getting caught in ropes or straps. The gap free design of the enclosure attaches the jumping mat to the netting using a button-hole feature for an extreme secure hold. Whether your child are expert jumpers or may occasionally take a tumble off of the edge, this trampoline will keep them protected from falling. With such a reliable safety system, you will want to keep this round trampoline in your backyard for a long time. This trampoline was manufactured in compliance with applicable safety standards as it meets or exceed U.S ASTM requirements. With a larger sized backyard, your children will love to explore their muscle strength and active imaginations on this 15 foot trampoline.
>> Check out Skywalker Trampolines 15-Feet on Amazon right here.
For advanced jumpers or multiple kids, the Skywalker 14-Feet square trampoline offers much more surface space then traditional round trampolines with 14 or 15 foot diameters. The total dimensions of this trampoline is 14 x 14 feet which is plenty for your little bouncer to perform tricks and play games with their friends. The larger surface is great for more advanced jumpers to condition their skills. Sturdy construction is evident in this trampoline model as the heavy steel frame has t-socket in each frame and enclosure joint. This keeps the structure from twisting and shifting while children are jumping on the mat. For your kids, this means they will be able to bounce around freely while the trampoline stays in place.
If you want something that is safe enough for gymnastic tumbling and rough housing, this square trampoline has Skywalker's enclosure design with the button-hole feature to elim-inate gaps. No ropes or straps need to be threaded which means your child won't be slipping through the gaps between the netting. The springs are large for a high bounce for kids of all sizes. Parents love the fact that they are rust resistant to last for many seasons of adverse weather. The spring cover has UV resistant materials to protect it from the sun. Kids will be begging to go outside and play with nice weather as this trampoline is packed with fun!
>> Check out Skywalker 14-Feet and Enclosure on Amazon right here.
The JumpSport 10 x 17 foot Staged Bounce Trampoline is rectangular trampoline that comes fully equipped with a safety enclosure. If you are looking for a big trampoline with massive bounce factor, this model will be perfect for your little gymnast. It features a patented Staged Bounce technology which activates 50% of the springs on contact and which will give your child much more air and excitement. This feature also fosters a more resilient jumping environment. JumpSport created this trampoline with safety as a top priority, it is designed to reduce the risk of jumping injuries. The bright blue padding over the springs provides PVC cushioning around EPE closed cell foam for added protection.
This model is well worth the investment and is even backed by a 10 year warranty on the frame. Kids will be able to bounce, flip and tumble with confidence as the safety enclosure has shock absorbing poles to rebound upon impact. Parents can put their minds at ease with a Triple-Fail-Safe engineered enclosure to hold the net in place. Compared with other enclosures, this trampoline has a much more sturdy structure for an all around safe experience for gymnasts and experienced jumpers. The powder coated finish is tough against all weather conditions which assures you this is a trampoline built to last for decades. The maximum weight limit is 225 pounds which means that this model can accommodate multiple children or even adults. Advanced jumpers love this trampoline as it a great environment for training and developing their skills.
>> Check out JumpSport 10′ x 17′ Trampoline with Safety Enclosure on Amazon right here.
Springfree Trampoline's 13ft Jumbo Square Smart Trampoline is an outdoor trampoline haven for kids who love to hoop. The springless design attaches the jumping mat to the frame without any metal springs. The frame is well beneath the surface so kids are completely protected while entering and exiting. No springs and a hidden frame means safer and worry-free jumping for kids of all ages! This model comes with a FlexrHoop basketball hoop for kids to jump up and toss the ball inside the hoop. The Tgoma accessory tracks movements for state-of-the-art gaming can be purchased separately for the full interactive experience. With the smart innovation and digital play system, this is sure to be a prized jumbo toy for your children! Kids love to invite their friends to play on this smart trampoline as it is rated for a total weight capacity of 220 pounds.
Parents recognize that this trampoline is constructed of quality materials with a galvanized steel frame that is resistant to all types of weather. Leave it outdoors and you won't be concerned with rusting or sun damage. Both the polypropylene nets and mets are UV resistant to keep the heat away during the summer months. Kids can play all year round and have a ball for hours with the interactive activity. It even comes with a FlexrStep ladder that makes it easy for children to climb on and off the trampoline. This spring-free trampoline is action-packed for kids who love to game!
>> Check out Springfree Trampoline on Amazon right here.
The best trampoline for kids is a combination of safety, reliability and fun! Here is a guide to the factors that you should consider when choosing a new trampoline for your home.
The amount of space you have in either in your backyard or in your home will be one of the most important factors in choosing a trampoline. You want to select a model that will fit within your designated space and leave at least a small amount of room for other types of play. At minimum, your play space should allow for a few extra feet on each side. For example, if your backyard is smaller and measures 16 x 16 feet, it would likely be best to buy a 10 or 12 foot diameter trampoline. While a 14 or 15 foot trampoline would still fit in the area, kids will have more room to climb up on the trampoline.
There are several different shapes for trampolines, each with it's own qualities that make it best for specific experience levels. Based on how your family will use the trampoline, you can decide on a shape that best fits your family's needs. Round shaped trampolines are certainly the most common shape for both indoor and outdoor use. Parents often choose round models as they are safer because injuries are less common with the circular spring pattern. The bounce is less powerful when compared with rectangular and square trampoline and users jump toward the middle of the surface.
Rectangular trampolines are designed for more advanced skill levels because they have an extremely powerful bounce. If your child is a gymnast or experienced with acrobatics, this type of trampoline will give them the space and bounce level that they need. Keep in mind that rectangular trampolines may have more jumping space but they also will take up a larger area in your yard.
Square trampolines are a blended combination of round and rectangular shapes as they have a larger jumping space and more bounce than a round version. For kids who want to bounce high, a square trampoline can be a good choice for loads of fun without sacrificing safety as most come with the enclosure net.
When choosing from different sizes of trampolines, you need to keep in mind who will be bouncing on the trampoline as the jumping surfaces often have a maximum weight to carry. Many toddler trampolines can only hold one or two children because of the smaller surface size. In contrast, large models 12 to 15 feet in size often can accommodate several hundred pounds which means both adults and children can jump. If you have 3 or more children that will be jumping, it is best to look for a trampoline larger than 8 feet. Try to allow a buffer when it comes to the weight limit to allow your children time to grow. For example, if you have two children that weigh 50 pounds each, it would make more sense to get a trampoline rated for up to 150 pounds instead of only 100.
If you buy a traditional round or rectangular trampoline, most models come with a spring cover to make the trampoline safer. The spring covers can be PVC or plastic material and some even have cushioning or foam for added protection. Springless trampoline are the safest type of trampoline because they don't use metal springs that can cause injuries to children. With no hard edges or springs, kids can bounce worry-free!
Another popular safety feature for trampoline is the net enclosure that keeps kids from falling off of the jumping mat. Take note of how the enclosure net is attached to the frame as to whether there is space between the two or it is designed with no gap. When there is no gap, it keeps your child from getting their feet caught in the straps or ropes that are threaded through the net.
If you want your child to be able to easily climb on and off the trampoline, you can search for a trampoline that includes a ladder. Universal ladders can also be purchased separately if the model you are set on does not include it in the package.
Not only is jumping a great alternative to sedimentary activities, but there are many benefits that can be derived from bouncing on the trampoline. Buying a trampoline is an excellent way to introduce balance and coordination for toddlers while building stamina and agility for older kids. Toddler trampolines often have handle bars that are specifically designed to improve your child's self confidence and prepare them for independent jumping. Larger trampoline models often have more bounce factor for kids to learn different tricks and jumping techniques.
Enhancing spacial awareness and learning ability for your children will be an integral part of their development while they are engaging in a fun activity. For children who play sports such as cheerleading, gymnastics or snowboarding, trampoline jumping can be a great addition to their training routine. Kids thrive on the stimulation and excitement that they get from bouncing and playing on the jumping mat. Encourage your children to be active without having to beg them to exercise!
You will want to choose a trampoline that is appropriate for the ages of your children. Toddler trampolines smaller in size are generally recommended for ages 3 and up, while some have a maximum age limit such as 3 to 7 years old. Many larger outdoor trampoline such as 12 foot and 15 foot models have higher age ranges such as 6 and up and are not appropriate for small toddlers. If your child is approaching 6 years old, it would be more appropriate to purchase a 10 foot or larger trampoline instead of a smaller diameter trampoline that they will outgrow in just a few years.
When it comes to the structure of the trampoline, you will want to look for legs that are built to keep it in place. Some models have W-shaped legs that offer added stability for larger trampolines. Trampolines with enclosures often require added support to keep the frame from shifting or twisting while in use. Certain trampolines have reinforced t-sockets or joints that adds to the sturdiness of the overall structure.
Durability is also a major consideration as you want something that will last for years, especially if you are purchasing an outdoor trampoline. Several features that extended the longevity of a trampolines life include a galvanized steel frame and UV-resistant spring cover. Galvanized or coated steel is ideal as it is extremely sturdy and able to withstand weather conditions without rusting.
You should look at kids trampoline reviews and how they rate the ease of assembly. Trampolines are a large piece of equipment and can range in assembly time from a few minutes to several hours depending on the structure. If the assembly seems too complicated for your skill level, you can always hire a professional for expert installation.
Fuel your children's love for leaping with a trampoline toy. Kids develop their motor skills and burn off energy without seeing it as a chore! Now that you know about what to look for when buying a trampoline, you can decide on the best trampoline for kids!
Bring the excitement to life in the comfort of your backyard or indoor play space with the bouncing fun of a trampoline.


Christmas is one of the most festive events for Japanese. Ikebukuro presents joyful Christmas atmosphere from mid-November with brightly decorated shops and pretty-looking Christmas cakes sold in department stores' food sections. Do not miss the beautiful illumination lighting up throughout the town.
While Christmas is for friends and lovers, New Year's holiday is a family event in Japan. Relatives get together for New Year's greetings or wishing safety of the year in temples and shrines. Traditional and celebratory New Year's meal is called "Osechi" which is available in various kinds at Ikebukuro's department stores.
Through year-end to the New Year is also a bargain season for home electronics, clothes or everyday items offering at lower prices.
Experience Japanese style Christmas and New Year's holiday in Ikebukuro as you visit Japan in this season.


Congratulations to Our New Lawyers!
Congratulations to our new lawyers Algie Mariacos, Valerie Enriquez, and Karlo Tamondong, for passing the 2017 Bar Examinations. Your Tiongco Siao Bello family is proud of you!
Tiongco Siao Bello & Associates would like to congratulate our co-founding partner, Atty. Karlo S. Bello, who has been appointed as the new Undersecretary for the Department of Agrarian Reform.
Atty. Bello will be missed by our firm while he is on leave, and the DAR has gained a great asset and a committed public servant.
The law firm of Tiongco Siao Bello & Associates is delighted to announce the promotion of Roanne J. Arriola to Senior Associate effective June 1, 2017.
Atty. Arriola joined our firm on July 2013 and has contributed significantly to the corporate services, special projects and labor relations practice of TSB. Congratulations @Roanne for this well deserved achievement! We look forward to many more years of success.


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Žužemberk (IPA: , in sloveno Žužemberk, in italiano Saisembergo, in tedesco Seisenberg) è un comune (občina) della Slovenia. Ha una popolazione di  abitanti ed un'area di . Appartiene alla regione statistica della Slovenia Sudorientale.

Si tratta di un piccolo centro commerciale sulla sponda del fiume Krka.

Storia
Abitato fin dall'epoca romana e dominato da uno dei più bei castelli della Slovenia, fu citato fin dal 1295 (Saifimberg, Seyfnberg) come sede dei Conti di Gorizia, da cui deriva il suo nome .

Dal 1941 al 1943, durante l'occupazione, ha fatto parte della Provincia Italiana di Lubiana, articolato - oltre che nel comune di Saisembergo / Žužemberk - nei comuni di Aidovez / Ajdovec, Chigne / Hinje, Corte / Dvor e San Michele / Šmihel.

Insediamenti

Il comune di Žužemberk è formato da 51 insediamenti (naselija):

 Boršt pri Dvoru
 Brezova Reber pri Dvoru
 Budganja vas
 Dešeča vas
 Dolnji Ajdovec
 Dolnji Kot
 Dolnji Križ
 Drašča vas
 Dvor
 Gornji Ajdovec
 Gornji Kot
 Gornji Križ
 Gradenc
 Hinje
 Hrib pri Hinjah
 Jama pri Dvoru
 Klečet
 Klopce
 Lašče
 Lazina
 Lopata
 Mačkovec pri Dvoru
 Mali Lipovec
 Malo Lipje
 Pleš
 Plešivica
 Podgozd
 Podlipa
 Poljane pri Žužemberku
 Prapreče
 Prevole
 Ratje
 Reber
 Sadinja vas pri Dvoru
 Sela pri Ajdovcu
 Sela pri Hinjah
 Srednji Lipovec
 Stavča vas
 Šmihel pri Žužemberku
 Trebča vas
 Veliki Lipovec
 Veliko Lipje
 Vinkov Vrh
 Visejec
 Vrh pri Hinjah
 Vrh pri Križu
 Vrhovo pri Žužemberku
 Zafara
 Zalisec
 Žužemberk
 Žvirče

Amministrazione

Note

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni


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Defective Combat Earplugs
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New Research Links Cannabis Vaping to Bronchitic Symptoms in Young Adults
According to the findings of a new study assessing the risk of respiratory symptoms associated with nicotine and cannabis vaping in young adults, cannabis vaping increases the odds of bronchitic symptoms and wheezing in this vulnerable population. "This study provides new evidence for an independent association between any level of cannabis vaping and persistent symptoms of bronchitis (daily cough, congestion, or phlegm, and/or a diagnosis of bronchitis in the past 12 months)," the researchers wrote. The study was published in the journal JAMA Network Open on December 22. If you or someone you love has suffered severe respiratory symptoms that you believe to be associated with vaping or e-cigarette use, contact us as soon as possible to find out if you are eligible to file a vaping injury lawsuit against the manufacturer.
Vaping and Severe Respiratory Symptoms
Despite growing concerns about the risk of adverse health outcomes associated with vaping, the rates of e-cigarette (nicotine vaping) and cannabis vaping continue to rise among youth and young adults across the United States. Unfortunately, research into the potential risk of adverse respiratory side effects associated with nicotine and cannabis vaping has been limited. This new study sought to investigate the potential risk of bronchitic symptoms (daily cough, congestion, or phlegm other than with a cold, and/or bronchitis), wheezing and shortness of breath associated with nicotine and cannabis vaping among young adults. The study used data on self-reported lifetime, six-month and 30-day vaping from a cross-sectional study of 2,553 young adults who were recruited from high schools in Southern California between June 2018 and October 2019.
Free Case Evalution
Of the 2,553 study participants, 42.9% reported vaping nicotine (using e-cigarettes) and 38.4% reported vaping cannabis. After adjusting for cannabis smoking, cigarette smoking, nicotine vaping and sociodemographic characteristics, the researchers found that the study participants who reported vaping cannabis in their lifetime but not in the past six months, vaping cannabis in the past six months but not in the last 30 days, vaping cannabis for one or two days in the past 30 days, and vaping cannabis for three or more days in the past 30 days were significantly more likely to experience chronic bronchitic symptoms, compared to those who had never vaped cannabis. The researchers also found that cannabis vaping three or more times in the past 30 days was associated with an increased risk of wheezing.
EVALI Outbreak Linked to THC-Containing Vaping Products
Concerns about the possibility of e-cigarette users experiencing severe respiratory problems surged last year, following a multistate outbreak of e-cigarette and vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), which was the name given by the CDC to the newly identified lung disease linked to vaping. The lung illness was first reported in April 2019, and in the months that followed, health officials across the country reported cases of severe and sometimes fatal lung infections that occurred suddenly in otherwise healthy individuals. The EVALI outbreak led to more than 2,700 hospitalizations in 27 states and the District of Columbia and as many as 60 patient deaths.
As more details about the lung illness began to emerge last year, healthcare providers and researchers were able to identify one common risk factor: 82% of patients hospitalized with EVALI reported having used THC-containing e-cigarette products. Experts attributed the lung injury outbreak to a lack of regulation and oversight for the manufacture of e-cigarette and cannabis vaping devices, many of which contain flavorings and additives that have the potential to harm respiratory health. According to the CDC, "Vitamin E acetate, an additive to THC-containing e-cigarette, or vaping, products, is strongly linked to the EVALI outbreak."
Cannabis Vaping Increases Risk of Bronchitic Symptoms in Young Adults
Last year's devastating EVALI outbreak proved that the health outcomes associated with vaping are not well understood and underscored the need for more information about the health risks associated with the use of vaping and e-cigarette products. "Findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that cannabis vaping is associated with increased risk of bronchitic symptoms and wheeze in young adults," the researchers involved in this new study concluded. They went on to say that "[f]urther research is needed to understand the temporality of the association and the mechanisms underlying the difference between nicotine and cannabis vaping in the risk of bronchitic symptoms and wheeze."
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The Republic of Ireland has a charm that few European countries can rival. Expats are drawn to the island's breathtaking scenery, friendly locals and wonderful coastline, plus the economy is starting to improve, all of which make Ireland a great place to move to. So whether you are relocating to Dublin, Cork or Limerick for work, or returning home, Bishop's Move have the removals services on hand to make sure that your move goes according to plan.
You do not need the luck of the Irish to ensure that your move to Ireland is a success. Simply choose a removals company that is a member of the British Association of Removers (BAR), such as Bishop's Move, and you are already ensuring that your move will be undertaken at the highest of standards. We have over 20 branches across the UK, so that we can move you to Ireland from any UK location.
Simply get in touch with your local branch of Bishop's Move to arrange your free home survey. One of our Moving Consultant will visit you at your home to explain how we will undertake your move to Ireland. They will run through our European packing services, including export wrapping and bespoke crating for artwork. They will also discuss suitable storage options, both in the UK and Ireland, and explain our removals insurance for added piece of mind. The consultant will then prepare your quote to move to Ireland.
On the day of your move, our European removals crew will arrive at your home to pack and wrap your items so that they are ready to transport to Ireland. They will then load the items on to one of our modern, satellite-tracked removal vans and either have them delivered to the local branch, for storage or to wait until their shipping date, or immediately set off to Ireland. On arrival in Ireland, our removals team will carefully unpack your items and leave you to settle into your new Irish home.
Ireland is part of the EU and therefore its currency is in Euros. Bishop's Move can help you with any foreign exchange requirements you may have at bank-beating prices - it could even save you the cost of your move!
Bishop's Move has a network of removals and storage branches across the UK that all operate to the same high standards of service. So wherever from the UK you are moving to Ireland to, we have the removal knowledge your need to ensure that your Irish relocation is a success.
Plus, we can just as easily move you back to the UK, or to another European destination!


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Foundation Seeks Foster Homes For Horses
Alisa Manzelli
(HORSES/TAKE ACTION) The country's largest racehorse retirement program, the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation (TRF), recently issued an urgent plea to horse lovers and ranch owners across the nation to participate in a Foster Care program. In response to complaints regarding economic instability and insufficient care of former racehorses, the TRF hopes to reduce its herd of 1,100 former racehorses by up to half. Read on for more regarding this much-needed foster program. If effective, perhaps this method could help decrease the number of horses transported from the U.S. to be slaughtered each year. — Global Animal
The Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation hopes to place up to 300 horses into foster care. Photo Credit: Jeff Kubina
New York Times, Joe Drape
Under pressure from the charities bureau of the New York State attorney general's office, the Thoroughbred Retirement Foundation conceded it was short of money on Thursday and put out an "urgent plea" for horse lovers across the nation to adopt one of its herd of former racehorses.
Rob Hinkle, president of the foundation, said it was looking for 100 horse owners or farms to take two to five horses for a minimum of a year in the hopes of reducing its herd of 1,100 by up to half.
"Like thousands of other nonprofit organizations throughout the country, T.R.F. has been adversely affected by the downturn in the economy," Hinkle said in a statement. "Drought and flood conditions have contributed to the rising costs and shortages of hay and feed, and we are coming into winter."
The plea comes in the midst of a seven-month investigation by the attorney general's office into complaints about fiscal irresponsibility and improper care given to former racehorses by the foundation, one of the largest private organizations in the world dedicated to retired thoroughbreds.
The investigation was opened in March after articles in The New York Times about how, despite receiving millions in donations, the T.R.F. has been operating at a deficit for the past two years, owing money to many of its more than 30 satellite farms, and how horses had been neglected and malnourished to the point some had either died or were euthanized.
John C. Moore, chairman of the foundation's executive committee, said the organization was providing financial documents to investigators and making board and staff members available for interviews. He said the T.R.F. had virtually depleted a $1 million line of credit that it took out to stay current with the farms it contracts with to shelter its horses.
He acknowledged that the foundation, based in Saratoga Springs, N.Y., was in poor financial shape. From 2001 to 2005, it took in more than 1,000 horses, straining its thin resources.
"We've had a hand-to-mouth existence ever since," he said.
Moore said the T.R.F. met with representatives of the attorney general's charities bureau on Oct. 18 and was told the foundation had three weeks to demonstrate it had the financial wherewithal and will to carry out its mission to provide for retired racehorses.
"We were told we need to come back with several six-figure gifts from donors as well as beef up our board," Moore said. "We are not filled with Rockefellers or Mellons."
Over the years, the foundation's board has included some of horse racing's most influential owners, and the farms it contracts with have been homes to many of the horses those owners have bred and campaigned. Tom Ludt, the current chairman of the Breeders' Cup World Championships, for example, was chairman of the foundation until August and remains on its board.
Moore also said that the organization was told it must reduce its herd size. That, he said, was why it went public with its plea. The foundation pledges to pick up veterinarian and farrier costs if the adoptive farms request it, but it will not pay the $3 to $3.50 per day per horse it currently pays the farms that stable its horses.
"We have 55 horses in foster care today, and we need to get up to 200 or 250 horses," Moore said.
Lauren Passalacqua, spokeswoman for the attorney general's office, declined to comment on the investigation into the foundation because it is continuing.
Last December, the estate of the breeder and owner Paul Mellon, which in 2001 established a $5 million endowment for the foundation and later contributed $2 million more, hired a veterinarian to evaluate the health of the herd after years of concern about the foundation.
When the doctor, Stacey Huntington, reported that many of the horses required urgent care and were in various states of neglect, and that the foundation's education of the caretakers and its oversight of their farms were poor, she was fired by the board.
Beverly Carter, another co-executor, is skeptical that the foundation can meet the attorney general's demands at all — let alone in the face of a looming deadline.
She said, "We are concerned about how they are going to do in three weeks what they haven't been able to do in seven years."
More New York Times: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/sports/