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Article published in:
Portuguese-Spanish Interfaces
Diachrony, synchrony, and contact
Edited by Patrícia Amaral and Ana Maria Carvalho
[Issues in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 1] 2014
► pp. 175–202
Similar and differing patterns of allomorphy in the Spanish and Portuguese verbs
Paul O'Neill | University of Sheffield
This chapter focuses on the different patterns of stem allomorphy in the Spanish and Portuguese verbs and the best way to capture these patterns. It presents synchronic and diachronic evidence along with theoretical arguments to claim that the present tense system of both languages is organized around a number of purely morphological structures, or morphomes (in the sense of Maiden, 2005; inspired by Aronoff, 1994); sets of paradigmatic cells which share a common form but no coherent grammatical/semantic property. The allomorphy in these morphomes cannot be derived in terms of phonology or semantics, but by simple morphological stipulation. This conclusion lends support to the need for a morphomic level in the grammar, one that is intermediate between form and meaning.
Published online: 30 October 2014
https://doi.org/10.1075/ihll.1.10one
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5 years after college student A.J. Hadsell's death, her adoptive father goes to trial on murder charge
Persistence key to landing a home in Hampton Roads seller's market, buyer says
In your sleep: "If you have to die, this is a great way to go"
Talk about a raise: These are the 50 jobs with the highest pay variance
How to take a self-guided tour of African American history in Virginia Beach
Develop Rudee Loop or make it a park? Virginia Beach grapples with what to do with Oceanfront property
GSS Gear
Football | Oscar Smith High named most dominant program in Virginia by CBS MaxPreps
By Larry Rubama
Oscar Smith High was named the most dominant high school football program in Virginia since 2006 by CBS MaxPreps. (Vicki Cronis-Nohe)
Oscar Smith High was named the most dominant high school football program in Virginia since 2006 by CBS MaxPreps.
The Tigers won the Group AAA Division 6 state titles in 2008 and 2011. They finished 6A state runner-up in 2013, 2015 and 2016.
Lake Taylor was seventh. The Titans won the Group 3A Division 5 state title in 2012 and the Group 4A state title in 2014. They finished runner-up in 2015.
Ocean Lakes was No. 14. The Dolphins won the Group 6A state title in 2012 and was runner-up in 2014.
Teams received 20 points for a state title and 10 points for state runner-up. Various points were given based on state Top 25 computer finishes.
Here's a look at the rest of the Top 15 http://t.maxpreps.com/2twNDCU
Larry Rubama, 757-446-2273, larry.rubama@pilotonline.com
Follow @LHRubama on Twitter.
Oscar Smith
Ocean Lakes
Cbs Maxpreps

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Some county officials who are retiring were recognized.
DOVER, Tenn. — Stewart County commissioners didn't take long to approve the 2018-2019 Budget after failing to do so June 28.
The vote on Aug. 20 was unanimous among the 11 commissioners present to pass the budget, which has been revised by the Budget and Finance Committee to include a step-raise plan for county employee salaries.
Absent were Commissioners Randal Redmon, Don Cherry and Andy Luton.
At the meeting's conclusion, County Mayor Rick Joiner, Sheriff Deryk Wyatt, Highway Supervisor Gary Page and Commissioners Marty Blane and Phillip Castile received plaques of appreciation for their service to the county.
In June, some commissioners had concerns about parts of the budget, and it did not receive eight "yes" votes for approval.
In addition to salary increases, commissioners were concerned about donations to local non-profit organizations. The requests were to be vetted by the Non-profit Committee, which had not done so.
Ultimately, the County Commission approved charitable contributions to the same agencies as last year, except the Senior Citizen Center received $3,000 more to buy new exercise equipment.
The step-raise matrix approved in the budget is based solely on the number of years employees have worked for the county.
Essentially, employees working for the county would receive a 2 percent raise annually through year five, 1.75 percent for years six through 10, and 1.5 percent for years 11 through 20.
The raises, which will have to be approved each year by the County Commission, will be separate from any across-the-board cost of living raises.


DQ1.Assess the changing complexion of the U.S. labor force and how it directly affects the role of unionization in the workplace. Respond to at least two of your classmates' postings. DQ2..
Assess the changing complexion of the U.S. labor force and how it directly affects the role of unionization in the workplace. Respond to at least two of your classmates' postings. ..
Given today's globally competitive work environment, assess whether larger, more powerful unions (similar to AFL-CIO and SEIU) favorably represent their members or whether smaller, more targeted union..


The same year, he went to Thrissur Pooram — Kerala's annual temple festival, where elephants play a major role. A chance encounter with an elephant there changed Anand's perception of them. "It was hot, so the mahout was standing on a piece of paper to prevent his feet from being scalded. When his elephant began to act cranky and wouldn't move, the mahout beat him and poked him to make him move. A few minutes later, the same elephant let the mahout rest under his stomach even after being treated so badly. It was an eye-opener," he shares.
In an attempt to study the behavioural patterns of elephants and carry out his photoshoot with them, Shinde approached the authorities. One thing led to another and there came a point where this Mumbaikar was spending 12-13 hours (and even weekends) with elephants after travelling 27 km back and forth, and learning to rumble so that he could communicate with them.
His love for elephants, however, started with baby elephants Krishna and Ganga. While Krishna would play with him all day long and wait for his arrival in the morning, Ganga was a bit possessive and would start rumbling every time his wife Shriya Shinde called. Unfortunately, Krishna passed away while Shinde was in Mumbai to be with his ailing mother. Ganga followed suit, leaving the man who was a 'friend' to them heartbroken.
After spending more than a year in different elephant centres, Shinde decided to quit his job and dedicate his life to a detailed research on elephants. As it was an unconventional choice to make, many frowned, laughed and even looked down upon him. And it all started with the mahouts. "Whenever I reached the elephant centres, I would always hear the mahouts say in Malayalam — 'Ee branthan pinneyum vannu' After asking around, I got to know that it means 'pagla phir se aa gaya'. Initially, they were uncomfortable with my growing proximity with the elephants. As time passed by, they accepted me." The elephant whisperer had more than just hostile mahouts to deal with. He had a lot of people to convince, starting with his wife. "She said, 'Anand I know you live alone there, but this is too far-fetched'," shares the man.
"Borders are for human beings, not animals. Elephants are now shifting from Karnataka to Maharashtra. Earlier, they used to come here for a brief period of time — for four to five months. However, they have now made the Konkan and Kolhapur area their home," enlightens Shinde, who feels that local villagers need to be educated on how to handle the pachyderms.
It is the villagers' lack of knowledge in how to successfully co-exist with these elephants that scares Shinde. After several interactions with the locals, he learnt that some of them believe that singing 'bhajans' or flashing torchlights on their faces and even bursting firecrackers would drive them away, resulting in an never-ending fight between these two worlds that have also claimed lives. "For any animal, attack is the best defence," explains the man.
It's not just elephants Shinde communicates with. He says, "Dr Jacob Alexander, Chief Vet of Trivandrum Zoological Garden, was ready to give me access and my first interaction (outside of elephants) was with Aishwarya — a lioness. After spending time with elephants I realised that if we have to fear any animal in life, it is humans. In the beginning, there were two nets between Aishwarya and me, but eventually she was out in the open. Gradually, she started roaring every time I would visit her and we would interact," he shares. That interaction gave Shinde the confidence to study the patterns of tigers, lions, leopards and wild cats.
However, he has trust issues with 'jungli billiyan'. "I have realised that wild cats never trust you and they sit in an attacking position all the time, even after you have fed them and spent time with them." Shinde has been helping various zoo authorities to understand the needs and wants of ailing animals.


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Five challenges for net zero investing
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change gave the world a stark warning in 2018 of the dangers of failing to limit the global temperature rise from climate change to 1.5 degrees. In recent years we have seen some of the physical impacts of climate change emerge even sooner than many scientists had predicted – including deadly flooding in Europe and China, and the North American 'heat dome' that triggered widespread wildfires and continued record breaking temperatures.
In the run-up to November 2021's COP26 climate negotiations, we saw momentum gather behind the ambition of 'net zero' greenhouse gas emissions by 2050, consistent with a 1.5 degree trajectory. Over 3000 businesses are now committed,1 as well as the world's major governments. The investor community has joined the push, via initiatives including the Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative – to which Columbia Threadneedle Investments is a signatory – and the Net Zero Asset Owner Alliance.
We have been working on how to fulfil our commitment, and contributing to industry knowledge on net zero investing, particularly through co-chairing the Implementation Working Group for the Net Zero Investment Framework. We have also been discussing our progress with clients, as the net zero journey needs to be a partnership between asset owners and managers. Reaching net zero is critically important, but it is not easy. Here we set out five challenges we have identified so far as we move from commitment to implementation.
Challenge 1: Selecting a methodology
There is no single 'net zero investing' methodology. Several approaches have been developed by different groups. In our view, this is a healthy reflection of innovative activity on an issue that has emerged incredibly rapidly, almost from a standing start barely two years ago – but it does create the potential for confusion.
Approaches include:
The Net Zero Investment Framework, part of the Paris Aligned Investment Initiative
The Asset Owner Alliance Target-Setting Protocol, developed by the UN-convened Asset Owner Alliance
The Science-based Targets Initiative, which has a methodology for financial institutions
The EU Paris-Aligned and Transition Benchmarks
A variety of commercial methodologies from ESG data providers
Portfolio alignment work from the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures
Our own approach is based on the Net Zero Investment Framework, which we helped to develop. It is worth noting, though, that there are many common elements between the approaches mentioned above.
A key guiding principle for us is transparency. We have therefore been cautious, so far, of temperature alignment portfolio measures. Whilst robust in theory, temperature alignment metrics can in practice can be a 'black box', with multiple assumptions driving the outcome, which are not easy to unpick and understand. Our preference is for a dashboard approach, providing multiple metrics, which can better capture the inherent complexity of the net zero transition.
Challenge 2: Avoiding perverse incentives
A concern with emissions targets of any kind is that they can encourage decisions that are aimed just at meeting the target, rather than achieving real-world emissions reductions. This risk exists both for companies and for investors.
Through our engagement we have spoken to several companies who, conscious of the intense investor focus on climate change, are wrestling with the choice of whether to invest in carbon reduction technologies for their high-emissions activities – or whether to divest them, which would immediately improve their emissions profile, but result in those emissions transferring to another owner, who might not be as ethically minded or not as transparent (for instance, by going private).
A similar dilemma could present itself to a fund manager with a portfolio-level emissions target to meet. A simple sector reallocation from, say, electric utilities to service industries could achieve the target at the push of a button. But engaging those electric utilities to cut their emissions, and achieving the portfolio target as these cuts are implemented, would have a greater positive impact on the climate.
The answer to this dilemma lies, in part, in what metrics we bring into the analysis. In line with the recommendations of the Net Zero Investment Framework, as well as looking at portfolio-level financed emissions, we are also looking to analyse 'forward[1]looking metrics' – in other words, assessing the performance of individual portfolio companies over time in aligning with a net zero emissions trajectory. This will enable us to understand the extent to which of our portfolio companies are net zero-aligned, and give us the confidence to continue to hold companies in higher-emissions sectors, if that makes sense from a financial point of view – as long as they are on the right pathway to reduce their impact. It will also allow us to target misaligned companies and use stewardship to encourage them to improve – with a clear message that companies which continue to be misaligned ultimately do not belong in net zero portfolios.
By combining analysis at the company level, together with the objective of cutting emissions at the portfolio level, we believe we can create a richer set of data. This will enable our fund managers to decarbonise their investments in the way that makes sense from both a financial and a climate point of view.
Challenge 3: Dealing with data gaps
Whilst the use of forward-looking, company-specific data points helps provide a more meaningful analysis of net zero alignment, the approach carries significant challenges in terms of data.
The good news is that nearly 160 of the world's largest corporate emitters – covering around 80% of industrial greenhouse gas emissions – have been systematically scored on their climate performance using the Climate Action 100+ benchmark.
But for other companies, data provision is patchier. We have drawn information from sources including the Transition Pathway Initiative, Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) and Science-based Targets Initiative, as well as our ESG data provider MSCI. However, corporate disclosure even of simple metrics such as Scope 1 and 2 emissions is not universal, and disclosure of more sophisticated data such as Scope 3 value chain emissions is very partial and often involves estimation. We are working with peers to improve this, such as through collaborative engagement organised by the CDP targeting non-disclosers. We do expect data provision to improve, but this will take time.
The challenge is greater for some sectors than others. Many of our strategies have a heavy exposure to financial institutions, such as banks and insurers, where climate risks come not from direct emissions, but from their loan books or their exposure to insured assets. Reliable, comparable data on financed emissions is not yet available. Instead we are looking at more qualitative indicators, such as the integration of climate factors into lending decisions.
Challenge 4: Accounting for solution providers
Many companies involved in the manufacture of emissions-savings technologies may have a significant carbon footprint of their own, as compared with some other sectors – but looking just at these direct emissions does not capture the emissions savings they create though their products.
Again, we wish to avoid disincentivising investment in these firms, as we know there is an urgent need to shift capital toward climate solutions.
We see it as vital to highlight investment in solutions as an integral part of a net zero approach. This is something we have already been doing in our Impact Reports for our Responsible and Sustainable funds, where we link company revenues to the Sustainable Development Goals, including SDG7 – Affordable and Clean Energy. The Net Zero Investment Framework recommends measuring and monitoring investment in solutions, using metrics such as alignment with the EU Taxonomy, which provides definitions of 'green' activities.
Some companies have started to report data on 'avoided emissions' – in other words, emissions that are avoided by using a company's products, as compared with other products in the market. This type of data would allow us to quantify some of the benefits these companies bring.
Challenge 5: Expanding to all asset classes
The commitments made by investors, including ourselves, under the Net Zero Asset Managers Initiative mean transitioning all our assets under management to net zero emissions by 2050. However, whilst methodologies are becoming increasingly available for some asset classes, notably equities, credit and direct real estate, they are significantly less mature for others. We would particularly highlight:
1: Sovereign debt
The Net Zero Investment Framework sets out a broad structure for sovereign debt net zero alignment, but data sources on the alignment of government policies with net zero are not yet comprehensive, and there is not yet a systematic structure for organising investor engagement with governments. The ASCOR project (Assessing Sovereign Climate-related Opportunities and Risks) is an important initiative that is working to address these issues. This is an urgent area to make further progress, given the significance of sovereign debt in many asset owner portfolios.
2: Private equity
In principle, the same approach on net zero alignment should apply to companies in private hands as for publicly listed companies, but the lack of reported data presents a significant challenge. Guidance has recently come out from the Institutional Investors Group on Climate Change to determine how to bring this asset class up to the same standards.
3: Multi-manager funds
Converting a multi-manager strategy to a net zero pathway means collecting information and data from underlying fund managers – which, given the range of methodologies being used, may be difficult to aggregate.
Work is underway to tackle methodology gaps, but it may be that some asset classes need to adopt a net zero approach somewhat later than others.
Whilst the road to net zero may seem daunting for investors, the work being done by individual investors and through collaboration is rapidly making progress. Being open about the challenges and limitations of the methodologies we use is essential in terms of communicating honestly with clients and other stakeholders, as well as identifying the areas where further work is needed.
We see many opportunities arising from the rapid growth in investor commitment. The analysis of net zero alignment will support the deeper integration of climate risks and opportunities into investment portfolios, through the use of new data sets and analytical techniques. The emphasis on engagement coming out of the methodologies so far developed will add further impetus to investor stewardship, particularly beyond the Climate Action 100+ companies already under intensive focus. And efforts to address data gaps should support better company disclosure, building on progress made by the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures.
Implementing net zero is a huge challenge. But it's also an exciting new journey for all of us. Being frank about the difficulties we encounter will add to credibility and consistency across the industry. It's critical we get this right, and fast.
1 UN Race to Zero campaign
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With 'Legion,' Noah Hawley Found Humanity in Mutant Madness
'Legion' may be a mind-bending trip through the subconscious but in the end, it told a simple story. A human story.
By Vinnie Mancuso • 03/30/17 8:00am
Rachel Keller as Syd Barrett and Dan Stevens as David Haller. Chris Large/FX
In an uncharacteristically quiet scene during Legion's season one finale ("Chapter 8"), twitchy mega-mutant David Haller (Dan Stevens) stands on a dock and explains to the body-swapping love of his life Syd Barrett (Rachel Keller) his fear that the powers manifesting themselves over the last eight episodes are, as he originally thought, schizophrenia. His reasoning? The events that interrupted his life at Clockworks Psychiatric Hospital were too basic, too humanly relatable to be true:
That's the trick, the mind-killer. Your disease convinces you you don't have it. So for example, one day, in the hospital, you meet a girl. And she has some friends and they tell you you're not sick, you have superpowers. And more than anything you want to believe it, because that means you're not crazy. That means you can fall in love, and live happily ever after.
What David also accomplished here is succinctly describing a story that some critics called "designed to foil attempts at cogent summary." But, boiled down, not much actually happens outside of David's head other than his own fevered synopsis: Thanks to Syd and her pro-powers Summerland compatriots, David learns he is an exceptionally powerful mutant who has a parasite named Amahl Farouk leeching off his powers who needs to be expelled before David can live a next-to-normal life.
But that's the key to Legion, and the reason showrunner Noah Hawley's entry into the X-Men canon is unlike any comic book show before it, why it's one of the most creatively impactful new series in years. Legion may be a mindfuck that literally includes characters fucking inside their minds but in the end, it told a simple story; about identity, about finding the one voice inside your head that actually belongs to you. It just happened to tell that story through time shifts, through dreamy montages, through flashes of color and sound that–occasionally for entire episodes at a time–took place solely inside its characters' psyche, be it in the form of a hospital wing or floating ice cube at the time, where identities shifted, storybook characters leapt from the page wielding butcher knives and new love could only be properly expressed through choreographed dance.
Those that dismiss Legion's oddball diversions as "cheap tricks" are forgetting the comic books that eventually became billion-dollar juggernauts used to cost just a nickel. But at their heart they told human stories, inked, colored and heavily exclamation-pointed to appear larger than life. Sure, Peter Parker is Spider-Man, but he's also an awkward high-school kid from Queens. Bruce Wayne is a billionaire that beats muggers with his fists while wearing a bat costume, but he's also a study in emotional isolation. Superman is an alien from another planet who can lift an oiler tanker above his head, but this means he'll never be at home with the world he's compelled to protect.
Legion has more in common with these stories than anything put out by the money-churning big screen comic book factory, whose idea of changing it up is aping a special effect Christopher Nolan used in 2010. Entries like Legion (and, similarly, Logan) seem like an antidote to the Marvel Formula, which prides itself on going capital-letter Big while refusing to stray from the path already well-worn by Iron Man's boots. Give me simple innovation over an EPIC paint-by-numbers exercise. Show me relatable characters, not gods. Replace hordes of faceless foot soldiers with one, single devil with yellow eyes.
The alternative is a series like Netflix's Iron Fist, a comic book dud that took so few risks I'm convinced Scott Buck oversaw it while wearing floaties. Because what I am not arguing here is that Legion isn't weird. It is, it's weird as shit, occasionally confounding and filled with stylistic flourishes that, on first glance, seem to be pulled from a magician's top hat just for the sake of being strange. Legion uses its weirdness like a megaphone, amplifying (mutating?) ideas we encounter daily into something more than human, as only the deftest comic-book storytelling can.
Take Cary (Bill Irwin) and Kerry (Amber Midthunder) Loudermilk, one of current TV's most genuine, platonic friendships between a man and a woman, just that much more deeply felt because the two happen to share a body. Kerry's late-season accusation, "I needed you, and you left me," comes across as legitimately wounded because to separate the Loudermilks is to actually rip them apart.
Bill Irwin as Cary Loudermilk and Amber Midthunder as Kerry Loudermilk. Michelle Faye/FX
Take Dr. Melanie Bird (Jean Smart), or her lost-in-mind-space husband Oliver (Jemaine Clement). The fact that Oliver can't remember the face of his own wife, much less mastery of simple sentences, isn't any less of a dull ache because it comes from the mouth of a superbly ascot-ed Clement, maneuvering back to reality through a faery-land astral plane in a scuba suit named Jules Verne.
Take the wonderfully awkward lakeside conversation between Syd and David in "Chapter 3," which reads like the sweet naivety of a tentative young couple coming skin-to-skin for the first time, an oddly endearing take on the birds-and-bees that just so happens to also concern a legitimate swapping of bodies. It was, at once, Legion's most human and superhuman interaction.
Or, hell, just take the entirety of "Chapter 7." For my money, Legion's penultimate season one episode (directed by Dennie Gordon and written by Jennifer Yale) was where viewers bought in or noped out for good, an installment that quite literally put the real world on hold for a madcap, nightmarish trip into the Farouk-controlled mind of David Haller. The episode culminates at a tangled crossroads of sequences; David Haller repeatedly bursting through an identical hallway of red doors in an attempt to regain control of his own mind, Oliver Bird weaving a shield from thin air to protect David's physical body and Aubrey Plaza putting on the performance of her life as Amahl Farouk's Lenny Busker form, stalking Syd and Carrie wild-eyed through a fabricated Clockworks-turned-silent-film.
"What is gained by having the fight play out like a silent movie, shot in black and white with dialogue printed as intertitles and Lenny gussied up in Charlie Chaplin's Little Tramp meets Johnny Depp's Edward Scissorhands drag?" writes Sean T. Collins, reviewing "Chapter 7" for the New York Times. "Here it undercuts the tension and terror without providing much compensatory value."
I'd argue that it isn't about what is gained here, but what is lost. It's as jarring and disorienting paced a sequence as any on TV, with the operative phrase being the one that is flashing above: "The monster arrives." By taking away any comfortable footing in reality the audience may have, much less basic TV formula, by upending any sense of expectation, Legion is able to simulate real life terror. The monster arriving, be it physical or in your head, turning the world into black-and-white silence.
Which brings me back to David's finale speech on the Summerland dock, which cuts away momentarily to he and Syd inside The White Room, a psychic construct and the only place the two lovers can safely touch. It reminded me of one of my favorite, subversive bits of comic-book storytelling in Scott McCloud's The Sculptor. The comic-book legend's massive graphic novel is the story of an artist–also named David–who makes a tragic deal with Death itself. The first time David meets the Grim Reaper, the two touch briefly and David is treated to a vision of the afterlife…
The Sculptor. Scott McCloud
…an image McCloud renders as two full pages of pure, unblemished white.
"That complete absence of any kind of mark is a kind of anti-visualization of a thing that cannot be visualized. For me that's the core of it, trying to show something that cannot be shown," McCloud told me when I asked about that page. If The Sculptor was being read on a tablet, he said, that page would ideally turn off the device for a moment. If it were a movie, the film would temporarily tail out. "It's the absence of media that seems to be the only credible way to portray the absence of consciousness."
Which is why Noah Hawley and Co. deploy every visual trick and storytelling device in the book, along with a few that decidedly are not. Because Legion, essentially, is an attempt to portray the exact opposite idea as The Sculptor; not an absence but an overabundance of consciousness. And the only credible way to portray an overabundance of consciousness is to shift time, delve into the astral plane, tell your story in both rainbow pastels and deep greys, through both explosions and silence, all to dig into the simple question at the center of Legion's madness: Who am I, really?
Judging by the finale's after credits scene–David at his most relaxed, suddenly whisked away by what looks a hell of a lot like a Poke Ball–it's a question still without an answer. Or, as David Gilmour croons in Chapter 8's Pink Floyd song cue so on-the-nose you could almost call it an inevitability:
Dig that hole, forget the sun / And when at last the work is done / Don't sit down…it's time to dig another one
Filed Under: Entertainment, TV, Noah Hawley, dan stevens, Aubrey Plaza, Legion, Analysis, FX
SEE ALSO: tvDownload's 2016 Superlatives: Biggest Bad, Most Talkative and Devil in Disguise


I have spent 18 years of my life in non-profit student ministries, eight of those spent in Christian Education. I have had the pleasure of serving at VCS since 2015. The students and teachers make this a place that I want to be every day. When I am not at school, I am usually with my wonderful wife of 11 years, two boys, ages 7 and 6, and 2-year-old daughter.
I have been blessed to work at VCS since 2011. I have really enjoyed working with the students and staff, and I'm looking forward to another great year.
I grew up in a Christian home and accepted Christ at an early age. I also attended VCS from Pre-K to 1st grade. My family and I live in Bonney Lake and attend Calvary Community Church in Sumner. We have three daughters, two of whom attended Valley Christian. I love spending time with family and friends in the great outdoors – hiking, biking, and camping.
I have been at Valley Christian since 1998 and consider it a privilege to work here. My husband Dan and I have seen firsthand the benefits of the education from this school. After having our three children attend VCS from preschool through eighth grade.
I enjoy sports and cheering on student athletes as they achieve personal records. Managing the school soccer teams and helping coach the kids on the track team is rewarding, as it allows me to get to know the kids and families.
The kids, parents, and staff are why I love this school and enjoy working here.
I have been with Valley Christian School since…. well, since its founding in 1977. I prepare the monthly financial reports for the Board and assist with accounting tasks as needed.
My husband and I sent all three of our children to Valley Christian School. All of us give credit to VCS for helping establish a strong faith foundation, a high standard of performance, and a host of other "soft skills" that have become crucial life skills.
I love traveling often with my husband, reading, gardening, singing, and working in children's ministries, music, and finance for VCS and New Day Christian Fellowship.
I have been a part of VCS since 2001, when we enrolled our oldest daughter. I joined the child care staff in 2004, and moved into my current position in 2009. I enjoyed watching my children grow up, from Pre-K through 8th grade in this loving community, and watched as they moved on to high school and college. I have experienced how VCS prepared them academically and spiritually for life.
In my spare time I enjoy reading, crafting, knitting, coffee, and being a mentor on the Auburn Mountainview High School Robotics Club for the past seven years.
I began working at Valley Christian School in the spring of 2016, as a playground supervisor and math teacher. Beginning with the 2016-2017 school year, I am providing playground supervision and teaching two computer skills classes for our middle school. I am also the technology person on campus. As a bonus, from time to time I assist with the music program at the school. It's very rewarding working with the kids—to witness their enthusiasm for life and to be a part of the VCS team helping them to grow and learn.
Prior to working at VCS, I spent several years working in the administrative office for a rural county in California as a staff analyst and as the on-site computer tech. Before that, I worked for years in manufacturing, primarily in production and inventory management. My wife, Peggy, and I moved to Washington in 2016, to be nearer our adult children. We also have two younger boys at home. We are blessed living in the northwest; there is so much to do here and it is so beautiful!
We brought our daughter Emily to Valley Christian in 2001. I started as an assistant coach for the Valley Christian track team in 2005 and became head coach in 2007. I helped start up and coach the middle school girls soccer team in 2007 and the middle school boys in 2010 and continue to coach both teams currently. I believe that sports is more than teaching athletic skills. I believe it is a means of teaching children leadership, responsibility, sportsmanship, how to be healthy, and how to be a team member.
My passion is cooking and baking. I have been cooking for my family and friends for over 30 years and love to make people happy with delicious meals. My family and I live in Auburn. My son Brandon attended VCS for 12 years and graduated in 2015.
When I am not cooking, I help coach the VCS track team and enjoy golfing, hiking, sports, and being outdoors with my family.
Through my cooking, I hope to bring joy and satisfaction to the students and staff at VCS.
I have worked at Valley Christian School since January 2016. I started working with the 2-year-olds and am now teaching preschool as well as working for the Early Learning Center.
My husband and I have three sons. Our oldest son and his wife welcomed a baby girl last September. I am also a step-mom to one daughter and a step-grandma to three adorable little girls.
I am so thankful that God has given me the gift to work with young children and has brought me to VCS. My goal as a teacher is to encourage children to be active learners in the classroom and in an environment that enables them to leave preschool with confidence, self-worthiness, and a love for God's word and truth.
I moved from Shelbyville, KY, to Auburn, WA, in 2011 with my husband and our two boys. In Kentucky, I taught preschool and prekindergarten for more than eight years. I love helping young kids learn while they play! I also love being able to share the true words of the Bible with them. In the spring of 2012, God placed me at Valley Christian. I feel very blessed to be able to teach in a Christian school.
God led me to Valley Christian in 2010. I have loved the small community feel of VCS and the closeness of the families that attend our school. I very much enjoy teaching preschool and pre-kindergarten children. They are so fun to watch and listen to as they discover God's truths and the wonders of learning. This is my 9th year of teaching this age group. Before coming to Valley Christian School, I worked at the Federal Way School District.
My two younger children attend Valley Christian and I feel blessed that we all get to enjoy VCS together. I am a wife and mom of four. I was born in Prague, Czech Republic. My family and I escaped the communist regime in 1985. It was then that I secretly formed my relationship with the Lord.
My name is Amy McClain. I have been married for 14 years to my best friend, Roary. We have been blessed with three amazing children, Tristen (10), Juliana (9), and Emerson (6). When I am not teaching, I love to spend time with my family and working on a vintage trailer we decided to restore!
I accepted Jesus as my savior the at summer camp before fifth grade. I was raised in a Christ-centered home and received a strong foundation. The Lord is the center of my life and I trust Him daily as I follow His plan and leading. Psalm 62:7 is one of my favorite verses: "My salvation and my honor depend on God; He is my mighty rock, my refuge."
I received my BA degree from Corban University. From there, I followed the Lord's leading to Texas. I taught second grade for seven years in Killeen ISD and earned my first MA degree in 2005.
My husband was active duty Army and we had the privilege of living in Texas and Kentucky. While we were in Kentucky, I taught kindergarten for a year in a small Christian school. I completed my second MA degree in Instructional Design and Technology while I chased two active toddlers.
We had one more duty station before my husband decided to go Army Reserve, Washington State. We have been here five years. I am beginning my 13th year of teaching, and I love teaching kindergarten. Nothing can compare to the joy and excitement that I see when a child learns something new. Those "ah-ha" moments are truly a gift from God.
I feel very blessed that Lord brought me to teach here at Valley Christian School. Before having my two children, I taught 1st grade for almost 10 years in the Issaquah School District. I have a son, Cayden, who is 6, and a daughter, Kinsey, who is 5. I am really excited to be back doing what I love and what God has called me to do—even more so now that I can freely talk about God with my students.
I became a Christian at a young age and have been living for God ever since. I enjoy spending time with friends and family, especially when we can do outdoor activities like hiking and riding bikes.
Following my husband's military career, I taught in Georgia and Germany. He owns and runs Joyful Noise Music Store in Yelm. We have one daughter, and two grandchildren.
I am have been teaching in Christian education for 25 years in pre-K, kindergarten, first grade, and second grade. I get so much personal joy out of teaching about the Bible and Jesus, as well as integrating biblical worldview in all subject areas.
I have always known I wanted to be a teacher. Early in life, I worked as a swim lesson teacher and coach and found working with the students and athletes to be very rewarding. I earned a teaching degree and began working in the public schools. I stopped teaching and had a family. Years passed and as my children grew, I homeschooled them for many years. Through home school I was able to teach at many cooperative and alternative school settings. This time, teaching various grade levels and subjects at once expanded my teaching experience and opened up the idea of project based learning. When we decided to enter a school setting, I was looking for something special. I wanted a place where my children could feel safe, be educated, have small class sizes, receive one on one attention, and grow in their knowledge of God. We found all of that at Valley Christian and we are very happy to be a part of this school.
This is my first year teaching at Valley Christian. I attend the school with my four children, Flint, who is 11, Phoebe, 9, Dakota, 7, and Daphne, 2. I feel blessed to work here in a family-like Christian environment. I live in Black Diamond, Washington, with my husband of 14 years, Marius, my kids, and my 3 dogs. When I am not teaching, I enjoy going to my kids extracurricular activities, going camping, vacationing, baking, and portrait and family photography.
I am returning to Valley Christian where I taught grades 4, 5, and 6 for two years from 2013 to 2105. I have sixteen years of high school and elementary teaching experience. I was Dean of Students and Assistant Principal at Auburn Mountainview and Eatonville High schools.
I was the head football coach at Kent-Meridian and Auburn Mountainview High School and coached for Mercer Island, Shelton, Kent, and Auburn school districts.
My wife, Kerry, teaches first grade for the Puyallup School District and has taught elementary for twenty-six years. Our thirteen year old daughter, Hannah, is a seventh grader in Puyallup and is a former student at Valley Christian School.
I love to travel with my family, the University of Notre Dame football (Go Irish!), motorcycles, helicopters, castles and everything college football.
Having grown up in the church, I prayed with my Sunday school teacher and asked Jesus to be my Savior when I was twelve years old. My own children have also been raised in the church. My husband and I have served in a variety of capacities in churches we have attended, and are now privileged to serve here at Valley Christian School. This is my fourth year at Valley Christian.
I received a California teaching credential from Simpson University in Redding, California, in 1996, and have been teaching since then. My family and I moved to Auburn in 2015, and I completed the requirements to receive a Washington teaching certificate and ACSI Certificate.
My husband and I are the parents of four children. Two are grown and married, and two still live at home. Our youngest, Brady, attends VCS. My family and I enjoy hiking, swimming, camping, board games, and playing outdoors together.
Howdy! My name is Roary McClain. I am a farm-boy from Texas. I have been married for 12 years to my best friend, Amy. We have been blessed with three amazing children, Tristen (8), Juliana (7), and Emerson (4). When I am not teaching, I love to spend time with my family, camping, hunting, fishing, watching a good movie, or reading a book.
I accepted Jesus as my savior at summer camp when I was 8. I was not raised in a Godly home and therefore my walk with Christ was up and down until 10th grade. I joined a youth group and this is the time where God really made His relationship with me personal. This is also when God first called me to the ministry. Afraid, I ran and joined the army.
As an enlisted soldier in the US Army, I served for over 14 years on active duty. Throughout that time, I have been to two different combat zones on three separate occasions, seen 11 countries, and lived in three states and nine houses. I am currently serving in the US Army Reserves.
I received my BA degree while still on active duty and mostly deployed. Shortly after graduating, the Lord began to move in my life. He began to present the ministry to me once more. This time He also laid it upon my wife's heart and so she prayed. After much prayer and convincing, I answered the call and began my Master of Divinity at Faith Evangelical Seminary. I am currently finishing my second year in a four-year program.
This is my first year teaching. I never would have considered myself a teacher. However, I truly enjoy teaching. As a Bible teacher, I love that I can share God's Word with these kids and help bring it to life for them. It is especially fun when I am able to share things with them that I learned in my master's courses. As a PE teacher, I make it a point to teach them about physical health and strive to do so in a way that is fun for them.
I was born and raised in Texas, where I spent eighteen years as a public school teacher. I have taught first, second, and fourth grades. My last seven years were spent providing intervention services for grade K-5.
With God's guidance, my family moved to Washington in the summer of 2015 for my husband's job. We have loved living here because it's not hot! Our family enjoys hiking, trying new restaurants, and spending time at our daughter's various extra-curricular activities. Both of my daughters play softball, are in the band, and LOVE theater. Their love for theater has provided me the opportunity to be chapter coordinator of Christian Youth Theater (CYT) Seattle.
Teaching is truly my passion. I am so excited to join Valley Christian School and look forward to a wonderful year.
I have been blessed to serve at Valley Christian School since 2014. My husband and I have been together for sixteen years and we have two amazing children that both attend VCS. Our son enjoys playing sports and our daughter enjoys cheer and gymnastics. Being able to work where my children attend school is a blessing. It is so wonderful to be a part of their school lives and watching their relationship with Jesus grow.
I love being part of the school and especially the children and families we minister to every day. The child care has grown from a before and after school program to now caring for and teaching 2-year-olds, preschool, and pre-k children. My goal is to show our children that they are all special and God has a plan for each one of them. I love and care for each child as if they were my own, and provide a safe and loving Christian environment while they are away from their families. The best part of working at Valley Christian is watching the children build an everlasting love for Jesus.
I started working at VCS 15 years ago, when my daughter was in kindergarten. Valley Christian gave her a great foundation and excellent springboard to her success, as she is now a junior at UW. My son is also an honors student in high school, thanks largely to VCS.
Although I have a degree in business administration, working at VCS is a source of love and devotion for me as I work in the child care. My goal is to love each child and help develop his or her own unique qualities in a safe Christian environment. It is such a blessing to be part of a team that plays such an important role in the development of young minds.
My name is Emelyn Ellison, also known as Ms. Amy. This year marks my 5th year working at Valley Christian School. The best part about my job is working with children and their families and building trusting and meaningful relationships with them. I also love having the freedom to share the love of Christ whenever I can. I am a firm believer of Proverbs 22:6 "train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it." Working with children requires patience, love, and compassion. Every day is a new beginning and a new challenge. Life with children is never boring. Yes, it's challenging and yes, it is hard work, but the rewards outweigh the challenges and I wouldn't trade it for anything.
I have many years of experience working with children from preschool to middle school. I have taught both elementary and middle school prior to joining Valley Christian School. I'm married with 3 grown children and a brand new grandson. I love spending time with my family, going to church, hiking, vacationing and watching the Seahawks.
I have lived in Auburn with my husband for the past twenty years. We have three teenage daughters who attended Valley Christian School.
I feel very privileged to be able to teach these little children about God and guide them as they develop their views of God. Watching the children grow and develop is very exciting and rewarding.
I have been teaching the toddlers at VCS since we opened the toddler room in 2012. Before I came to VCS, I provided childcare in my home for ten years. I graduated from Multnomah School of the Bible, but my best preparation for teaching this class has been teaching Sunday School for over 25 years.


You are currently browsing the archives for the day Sunday, February 19th, 2017.
Lately, I was invited by Perfumery Osswald in Zurich and had the amazing honor to have dinner with Frédéric Malle, a very captivating and inspirational gentleman, a father of four, and the man behind the niche fragrance house Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle. Born in 1962, he grew up immersed in the world of perfumery (his grandfather Serge Heftler-Louiche founded Christian Dior Perfumes, and Frédéric's mother later worked as an Art Director for the same perfume house) and has a deep knowledge of raw materials, fragrance structure and accords that he shared with me that night. His 'Editions' collection includes scents by distinguished noses including Dominique Ropion, Jean-Claude Ellena and Pierre Bourdon.
With Frédéric Malle at dinner at the Widder hotel.
Malle studied art history and economics at New York University. In 1988, he began his career at Roure Bertrand Dupont, the prestigious perfume laboratory. After working in the industry for more than 12 years, Frederic was ready to embark on a new adventure.
4 of his first launched perfumes in 2000: Lipstick Rose (Ralf Schwieger), Musc Ravager (Maurice Roucel), En Passant (Olivia Giacobetti) and Une Fleur de Cassie (Dominique Ropion).
In 2000, using his connections and experience in the industry, Frédéric invited nine top perfumers to design their own original perfumes with no restrictions, not even financially regarding their ingredients they chose. Thanks to Frédéric Malle, the return to luxury perfumery took place at the beginning of our century. In an era in which most companies put more importance on brand names, Malle brought the attention back to the product itself: perfume.
Until today, through a simple "back to basics" approach, Editions de Parfums is challenging all prevailing trends. Frédéric Malle's contribution to the creation of the different fragrances sold under Editions de Parfums varies depending on the perfumers' desire. Perfumers appeal to him to assess their work in progress and to share ideas.
These fragrances are packaged in bottles that feature the name of the perfumer—a first in the industry, where the perfumer is traditionally behind the scenes and credit for the scent is given to the fashion house or celebrity on the bottle. While we were talking during dinner, I could sense that Frédéric Malle is very fond of Dominique Ropion's work. The two of them seem to build an amazing team.
The development of a signature scent is a lengthy process, generally lasting between 6 and 18 months. Each fragrance starts with an idea, an "olfactive sketch," which can either take the form of a material base – the mix of two or three raw materials, like colors in an abstract painting – or of an initial feeling, the desire to translate or convey a specific emotion. From there, the perfumers gradually build a full-scale composition, tinkering and problem-solving until a perfect balance is achieved. The challenge is to polish and perfect without losing the impact and personality of the original idea.
Designer Frédéric Malle has more than 25 perfumes available at the moment, made in collaboration with perfumers Jean-Claude Ellena, Dominique Ropion, Maurice Roucel, Bruno Jovanovic, Carlos Benaim, Olivia Giacobetti, Pierre Bourdon, Edmond Roudnitska, Ralf Schwieger, Edouard Flechier, Michel Roudnitska and Sophia Grojsman.
New investments under the new helmet: Frédéric Malle's London store at 14, Burlington Arcade.
Two years ago, The Estée Lauder Companies acquired Editions de Parfums Frédéric Malle.
A truly inspirational creator and a real business man!
TO SHOP FREDERIC MALLE ONLINE, CLICK HERE PLEASE.
In Switzerland a large selection is available at Perfumery Osswald in Zurich.


text:
Don't blame men for looking at other women – it's in their genes
Men cannot be blamed for looking at other women as it is in their genes to find strangers more attractive, a study has suggested.
New research shows that while women are drawn to male faces that look familiar, men are more likely to rate someone they have never seen before as more attractive. Photo: Alamy
By News agencies
12:29PM BST 26 Jun 2013
New research shows that while women are drawn to male faces that look familiar, men are more likely to rate someone they have never seen before as more attractive.
It is thought the reason may be that men have evolved to maximise their reproductive success by mating with as many partners as possible.
Researchers at the University of Stirling and the University of Glasgow came up with the findings after showing men and women pictures of dozens of different faces. The more women in the study saw pictures of the same man's face, the more attracted they were to him.
But the study, published in Archives of Sexual Behaviour, found that the men who took part rated the women as less attractive when they saw them for a second time.
Researchers say the results may be partly explained by the so-called Coolidge effect – where men are aroused by the novelty of a new sexual partner more than women.
Yoghurt from a silver spoon tastes best
'Cuddle hormone' could help depression sufferers to seek support
Piling on as little as 4lbs can raise risk of heart attack by 17%
Three 'super-Earths' found orbiting single star could harbour life
Larger desks make us more dishonest
It's named after an anecdote attributed to 30th US President Calvin Coolidge.
During a farm visit, when his wife was told there was only one cockerel and many hens because the cockerel would mate several times a day, she reportedly said: 'Tell that to Mr Coolidge'.
When the president asked if it was with the same hen each time and told no he allegedly said: 'Tell that to Mrs Coolidge.'
Anthony Little from Stirling University's School of Natural Sciences, said: "Men found female faces they had already seen as less attractive and less sexy, especially for short-term relationships.
"There is a tendency for males to pursue a large number of partners as they can dramatically increase their reproductive success by mating with multiple females."
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Home AFRICA EU removes Gabonese airline from blacklist
EU removes Gabonese airline from blacklist
Gabonese airlines have been removed from an European Union blacklist that meant that flights from the country could not access the European airspace.
The EU Commission said it had "withdrawn them (Gabon) from the list following improvements in aviation safety in that country."
The decision announced earlier this week makes it possible for airlines as the National Regional Transport (NRT), Solenta Aviation Gabon, Tropical Air Gabon and Afrijet Business Service to commence flights to Europe.
EU Commissioner for Transport Adina Vălean said: "I am pleased to announce that the European Commission was able today to clear all Gabonese air carriers from the EU Air Safety List.
"Gabon was on the List already since 2008, so it is very good that we can recognise the efforts the aviation safety authorities in Gabon have made."
Gabon can heave a sigh of relief but not so for other African country's that remain banned. Carriers based in Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea remain blacklisted.
Eritrea, Liberia, Libya, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Sudan complete the affected countries.
In the case of Angola all carriers (with the exception of TAAG Angola Airlines and Heli Malongo) remain banned, "due to a lack of safety oversight by the aviation authorities of these States," the EU Commission confirmed.
The EU Air Safety List, compiles airlines that do not meet international safety standards, and are therefore subject to an operating ban or operational restrictions within the European Union.
By so doing, it seeks to ensure the highest level of air safety for Europeans and all other passengers travelling in the European Union.
SOURCEAfricanews
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Postmortem Identification
amariesilver / March 22, 2019
Two years after I began working as a death investigator, I transferred to a different office in another state. While I wasn't new to the job, my supervisors were keeping a close eye on me.
As I've mentioned before, every office works differently. At my first job, the pathologists conducted scene investigations for infant deaths and homicides. At this new office, the investigators did all of the scene responses. So as far as the above-mentioned deaths were concerned, I had a few new procedures to learn.
I began this job in early spring. Temperatures quickly rose and this office found itself buried under bodies that were decomposed beyond visual recognition. Please note: we cannot make a positive identification off the assumption that because the body was found inside of a locked residence, the deceased is the same person as the listed homeowner. Even though that is usually the case, squatters can happen. However, we do use the name on the lease or mortgage as a starting point in our investigation and will contact that individual's doctors and dentists to obtain records that will lead to a positive identification.
Whenever we receive decedents who aren't visually recognizable, there are a number of alternative means to confirming their identity.
Hospital x-rays
Dental Records
Medical devices such as pacemakers
Fingerprinting a decomposed body can be challenging. Rolling ink on the fingers won't always work, depending on the state of the fingers. The other option is using Mikrosil. Mikrosil is a casting material – similar to Silly Puddy – that is used for collecting tool mark impressions. It can also be used for obtaining fingerprints from shriveled hands. Mikrosil is sold as part of a set that includes two toothpaste-like tubes. The first tube is the Mikrosil. The second tube is the hardener. The set also includes popsicle sticks for applying it. The mikrosil is mixed with the hardener and then applied to the fingerprints. Three minutes later, it can be removed and placed into individual, coin envelopes. The outside of the envelope will be labeled with the case number and the R or L for which hand it was recovered from as well as the name of the finger (Forefinger, Pinky, Middle, etc.) From there, the fingerprints are sent off to the latent print examiner who will run the prints in A.F.I.S (Automated Fingerprint Identification System.)
While waiting to find out if prints are in the system, investigators will begin searching for x-rays and dental records. Because decomposed bodies are notorious for hiding injuries they always have to be x-rayed when they arrive at the morgue. ALWAYS! The forensic pathologist can use hospital x-rays to identify the deceased in particular if the deceased has ever suffered any broken bones or had surgeries such as knee replacements. Medical devices such as pacemakers will also show up in the x-rays. Those devices will contain serial numbers that can be used to identify the deceased as well.
DNA is always a last resort. The tests are expensive to run and it can take six months to get the results back.
Yes, that's right. Six months.
So here I am, a new investigator at this office that has been overrun with decomposed bodies. My supervisors aren't ready to release me into the wild and exciting world of scene investigations just yet. What do they task me with? Running all over the city to pick up medical records/x-rays/dental records so we can get the bodies identified and released to the funeral home.
I was probably in the car for two hours straight, running from one hospital to the next to get records and x-rays. Near the end of my excursion I had two stops left. A dentist office and one more hospital.
I went to the dentist office first. I walked in, introduced myself, and handed the receptionist a hard copy of the subpoena they received earlier that told them what patient we needed x-rays for. She eyed me suspiciously.
"Wait here," she said. She left the desk and returned a few minutes later with the dentist who was holding an envelope that I assumed contained the x-rays I needed.
"Why do you need these?" He asked, still clutching them.
"Because his death is under investigation, and" I pointed to the subpoena that was sitting on the receptionist's desk. "I have the legal authority to collect them."
"You don't look old enough to be a doctor," the receptionist said.
"I'm not a doctor."
"You have to tell me why you want these records," the dentist said.
"I just did." Here's the thing. My goal wasn't to be a bitch, sitting on a pedestal that was 17,000 feet tall. I had a job to do and I didn't appreciate getting the third degree. The subpoena they were holding was a big hint that their cooperation wasn't optional. "As I mentioned a few minutes ago, his death is under investigation by the county medical examiner's office. Any information beyond that is released on a need-to-know basis."
"Well these records aren't going to do you any good." He handed them to me. "He didn't have any teeth."
"Duly noted. I'll be sure to let our forensic odontologist know."
I left the office.
ICYMI – a forensic odontologist is a dentist who specializes in forensics. They are trained to make identifications based on dental x-rays. They can also evaluate bite marks on bodies. You might be thinking "But, A. Marie. He just told you the dead guy didn't have any teeth. What good will a forensic odontologist do?"
Teeth are always the ideal but the jaw bone can also be used to make a positive identification. And the jaw bone was present in the dental x-rays.
My last stop was at a hospital. I had some records to pick up. I parked the car and as I was walking toward the entrance, an excited security guard ran up to me. We work with hospital security guards all the time. Whenever someone dies at a hospital – assuming the death falls in our jurisdiction – hospital security releases the decedent to our transport team.
"You sure got here fast," he said.
"Did I?"
I'd never seen a security guard so excited to see someone from my office before. There was something really wrong this but I hadn't a clue.
"Yeah. We have a guy who died from a drug overdose."
"Okay." That happens. It's sad but also very common for someone to be found unresponsive, rushed to the hospital and pronounced dead shortly after arrival. But the security guard's excited demeanor begged the question, "Where is the deceased?"
"In his hospital room. We found him with a syringe in his arm."
via GIPHY via GIPHY
As always, if you have any questions please leave them in the comments or send an email to contactme@amariesilver.com
Thanks for shopping Snark, Sass, & Sarcasm! I'll see you next time.
The Investigation that Haunts Me: Part 2
The Investigation that Haunts Me
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Meet the Staff: Francia Wisnewski
By Bridget Malicki | April 26, 2018 | 1
What makes RAR-MA so special? The people. Read about Francia's journey to our team.
Summarizing Francia Wisnewski in a brief blog post is a tall order. She greets everyday with a beaming smile, a relentless desire to improve the lives in her surrounding community, and a superhuman level of energy that could rival the total energy level for an entire RAR-MA community partner preschool. (Fun fact: she is an ultra marathoner!) As a five year Senior Program Manager here at Raising A Reader MA, she is the reason for our success in Western Massachusetts.
Celebrating her 5th birthday.
Joining in October 2012, Francia was asked to build the RAR-MA program in Springfield, Massachusetts. "I was driven by the organization's mission and its positive influence on families and their children, and to have an opportunity to build a program from the ground up." And grow from the ground up, she did. She began her role as the Springfield Program Manager and has since become the Senior Program Manager for the Pioneer Valley, serving the communities of Holyoke, Springfield and West Springfield.
Her journey to RAR-MA, and the US for that matter, begins in rural Colombia. She was born in a town called Cali that her parents moved to in search of jobs that rural Colombia could not offer. They worked hard to provide her and her sister with the opportunities they did not have in rural Colombia, including education which only went up to elementary grades.
While public education and early literacy was not an emphasis of the Colombian culture in Francia's youth, her parents made sure to give them access to whatever they could. They did not have a lot of exposure to children's books before school started, but Francia can remember the small libraries that she was eager to escape to during her early elementary school years. She also recalls the time she spent running to her neighbor's to read her subscription magazines and whatever else she could get her hands on.
This was encouraged by her parents. She saw how adamant they were with reading the news or tuning into educational stations on the radio. Francia was influenced by this love of learning and even noted proudly that her mother achieved her high school diploma in early 2000's.
Francia in high school with a group of her peers. (Yellow pants on the left).
Due to the dense population and capacity of the public schools in Colombia, education was not mandated for young children. Parents had to pay for their children to attend elementary school. From there, students could enter a lottery system in order to attend a public vocational middle and high school that would prepare them to directly enter the workforce. At her school, textbooks were not provided. Francia's parents made it a priority to ensure they were able to purchase all materials required.
Francia had educational aspirations past completing vocational school, though. She focused her studies in vocational school on math and science instead of one that trained students directly for job placement. When it came time for her to take the test to apply to one of Colombia's public universities, she performed exceedingly well and was admitted into one of the top public universities, Universidad Del Valle.
Francia at her high school graduation.
Her desire to better herself and the world drove her to apply to graduate school at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. She made her move to the United States in 2001 to further her education. For her Master's in Education, she concentrated on Early Childhood Development and focused some of her class load at the at the Center for International Education at UMass. She cites the combination of the knowledge around the importance of learning in early childhood, and the role that policy, grants, and data play in the education systems, as a large reason why she is successful in her role now.
At the university, Francia pursued a teaching degree, concentrating on math and sciences. She was drawn to the profession because she wanted to remain embedded in her community and the system that would help shape the future members of society. Of this notion Francia said "If we work with children, we can change the world."
Francia got a lot more than an education at UMass Amherst. She fell in love with Franklin County (now her home) and with a man that lived there (now husband Mark). She chose to root her family in this beautiful, rural part of Massachusetts. She was happy with her professional degrees, but continued to seek opportunities to improve herself and to become more accustomed to the western Massachusetts culture. In true Francia fashion, as she was bettering herself, she also sought opportunities to make an impact on her community. She worked for Community Action Pioneer Valley and was an elected board member of Greenfield School Committee. In addition to teaching, she worked to run community and family centers that serviced low-income citizens and working families.
Francia and her family.
When Francia came across the job opening for the RAR-MA Program Manager position, she was ecstatic. It was the perfect combination of all her experiences and abilities, beginning all the way in Cali, Colombia. Her ability to form meaningful, sustaining relationships with the community partners and funders combined with her deep passion for serving her community make her an invaluable asset to RAR-MA.
In Francia's words "Be true to yourself, be full of compassion, integrity and respect. The individuals who embody these traits are able to bring people together to accomplish great tasks while creating a deeper connection to each other and our environment."
Posted in Blog, Meet the Staff
Maria on April 30, 2018 at 10:19 pm
Invaluable to our organization! It is a pleasure to work and learn from you!


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Iran executes exiled journalist who encouraged 2017 protests
Ruhollah Zam
By JON GAMBRELL - Associated Press - Friday, December 11, 2020
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) - Iran on Saturday executed an exiled journalist over his online work that helped inspire nationwide economic protests in 2017, a little more than a year after authorities tricked him into traveling to Iraq where he was abducted.
Ruhollah Zam, 47, was one of several opposition figures successfully seized by Iranian intelligence operatives abroad in recent months as Tehran struggles under the weight of U.S. sanctions.
Kidnapping and executing Zam, who lived in Paris under what Iran described as French government protection, likely will further chill an already-scattered Iranian opposition across the West. It also comes as Iran tries to pressure France and other European nations over the collapsed atomic accord in the waning days of President Donald Trump's administration.
The execution drew immediate international condemnation.
Zam's "execution is a deadly blow to freedom of expression in Iran and shows the extent of the Iranian authorities' brutal tactics to instill fear and deter dissent," warned Diana Eltahawy of Amnesty International.
Iranian state television referred to Zam as "the leader of the riots" in announcing his execution by hanging early Saturday. In June, a court sentenced Zam to death, saying he had been convicted of "corruption on Earth," a charge often used in cases involving espionage or attempts to overthrow Iran's government.
Zam's website AmadNews and a channel he created on the popular messaging app Telegram had spread the timings of the 2017 protests and embarrassing information about officials that directly challenged Iran's Shiite theocracy.
Those demonstrations, which began at the end of December 2017 and continued into 2018, represented the biggest challenge to Iran's rulers since the 2009 Green Movement protests and set the stage for similar mass unrest in November of last year.
The initial spark for the 2017 protests was a sudden jump in food prices. Many believe that hard-line opponents of Iranian President Hassan Rouhani instigated the first demonstrations in the conservative city of Mashhad in northeastern Iran, trying to direct public anger at the president. But as protests spread from town to town, the backlash turned against the entire ruling class.
Soon, cries directly challenging Rouhani and even Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei could be heard in online videos shared by Zam.
Telegram shut down the channel over Iranian government complaints it spread information about how to make gasoline bombs. The channel later continued under a different name. Zam denied inciting violence on Telegram at the time.
The 2017 protests reportedly saw some 5,000 people detained and 25 killed.
Zam himself had fled Iran after the 2009 protests, heading first to Malaysia and then to France. While Iranian authorities have never described how Iran's Revolutionary Guard detained him, Amnesty said he was seized on a trip to neighboring Iraq - where the Guard has wielded deep influence since the 2003 U.S.-led invasion that toppled Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein.
Zam's father, the reformist Shiite cleric Mohammad Ali Zam, seemed to confirm the Iraqi abduction in comments on Instagram on Saturday.
"I made a deal with God, I have no worries, these people brought me to Karbala, but did not allow me to visit the shrine," the Instagram post quotes the younger Zam as saying. Karbala is home to the shrine of Imam Hussein, an important pilgrimage point for Shiites.
The post added: "I told him, 'Don't worry, Imam Hussein is in all visitors' hearts, he is with you.'"
The cleric said he only was allowed to visit Tehran's Evin prison on Friday to see his son after agreeing with authorities not to tell him his execution loomed. Iranian media did not acknowledge the post.
France previously has criticized his death sentence as "a serious blow to freedom of expression and press freedom in Iran." Reporters Without Borders, a group that campaigns for press freedoms, said Zam's hanging was a "new crime of Iranian justice."
Sherif Mansour of the Committee to Protect Journalists said Zam's execution had seen "Iranian authorities join the company of criminal gangs and violent extremists who silence journalists by murdering them."
"This is a monstrous and shameful act, and one which the international community must not let pass unnoticed," Mansour said.
Iran is one of the world's top executioners. The European Union called on Iran to stop its executions and "cease the practice of using televised confessions to establish and promote their guilt." Zam has been the subject of several state TV programs in which he gave apparently coerced confessions.
Zam is one of three opposition figures apparently detained in intelligence operations abroad. In late July, a California-based member of an Iranian militant opposition group in exile was abducted by Iran while staying in Dubai, his family has said.
Iran also is believed to have seized the former head of the Arab Struggle Movement for the Liberation of Ahwaz, a militant separatist group, while he was in Turkey. Iran has accused Farajollah Cha'ab of being behind a 2018 attack on a military parade that killed at least 25 people and wounded 70.
Follow Jon Gambrell on Twitter at www.twitter.com/jongambrellAP.


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Home/All/Strategy, casino games, enhances you're playing skills
Strategy, casino games, enhances you're playing skills
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Making it a game that is suitable for gamblers, newbies, many people or who wants to try to bet. Other gambling games on online casinos can also try to play. Guarantee that you will find fun and new experiences that will not be forgotten and will last a long time
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Projects to Build
Ask Silicon Chip
Notes/Errata
This is the legacy website; please use the new website.
Issue: 136 Published: 15 January, 2000
Build The Picman Programmable Robot
A PIC microcontroller lets you program in the commands.
By Anderson Nguyen
PICMAN 2000 is driven by a single PIC16F84 microcontroller and will perform up to fifty combinations of manoeuvres involving left and right, forward and back movements and a pause.
Like all good robots, he lets you know when he's turning and stopping with his built-in turn indicators and brake light.
It's a simple project which we believe will be very popular with schools as they move into this new phase of the information technology age. PICMAN 2000 will not only give hours of entertainment, it will teach a lot about how basic microcontroller programs work. Build PICMAN 2000 now and you could become the twenty-first century's Bill Gates!
Above photo shows PICMAN 2000 going away from you, while the shot on the facing page is comin' right at ya! The front wheel doesn't steer: all direction control is performed by the instructions you give to the PIC which in turn drives the stepper motors.
Apart from the PIC microcontroller, there are not very many other components – just a few to supply appropriate power to the robot's drive motors. There are also a few switches which not only control various functions (such as power on/off, speed, etc) but also allow you to program the PIC (and therefore the robot). Finally, there are the previously-mentioned blinkers and stop light which are LEDs driven directly from the PIC chip.
Unlike some previous robots, PICMAN 2000 has a single 6V supply derived from 4 x AA cells. This provides power for both the logic circuitry and the motors.
And also unlike some previous robots, the motors power the back wheels with a free-turning front wheel (castor).
With the exception of the battery pack, three switches and the rear (brake) LED, all of the electronics is assembled on a single PC board. Mechanically, everything is mounted onto two small pieces of clear acrylic sheet (although other materials could be substituted) which are themselves glued to two back-to-back stepper motors.
The drive shafts from the stepper motors are fitted with cogs which friction-drive the large rubber-tyred wheels. Turning is achieved by driving one wheel faster than its mate or even one wheel in a reverse direction to its mate.
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