text:
HomeStorage Networking
BlueArc Looks to Take Giant NAS Leap with Titan
By Clint Boulton
Storage hardware maker BlueArc today unveiled a network-attached storage (NAS) server to help it better compete with the likes of perennial NAS leaders EMC and Network Appliance .
A NAS device is strictly geared to serve files. EMC and NetApp are regularly the No. 1 and No. 2 players in the NAS segment, according to research groups.
BlueArc is gunning for the No. 3 spot, and the company is banking on its new Titan SiliconServer, a file system that can grow up to 256 terabytes and pipe data up to 20 gigabits per second (Gbps), to help them to that.
The SiliconServer architecture lets customers scale one Titan system beyond most products, according to BlueArc President and CEO Gianluca Rattazzi, who says his company has developed the modular server with the increasing explosion in data in mind.
While IT businesses often add storage systems as they need them, or rip and replace their hardware to scale to more powerful software to keep up with the growing demands of their data, Rattazzi told internetnews.com such islands of data become difficult to manage, and worse, become quite costly to money-minded enterprises.
Titan's modular architecture, which takes the form of a thin blade, allows for incremental upgrades and integrates with BlueArc's Silicon Information Network, a management framework that offers a single access point for storage assets in a business regardless of where they reside on a network.
Rattazzi likened the rip-and-replace event that can happen to storage systems that age and can't handle increased workloads to hiring a new staff just to add one new employee.
Until Titan, BlueArc had specialized in servers that encapsulate large blocks of content for transfer, such as digital films, or high performance computing tasks in laboratory experiments.
According to Arun Taneja, founder of storage research firm Taneja Group, Titan affords the San Jose, Calif.-based company the opportunity to carve out market share in a space dominated by EMC and NetApp because it also does single image storage, such as purchase orders or smaller files, associated with bank transactions.
This represents a large segment of the market where previously BlueArc could not compete as effectively as it would have liked to.
"I'm finding they're plugging in a bunch of holes that they had with this new release," Taneja told internetnews.com. "This is a company that always had such a high-end architecture that is now addressing single file system issues that have held them back in the past. The fact that they've boosted the small block I/O (input/output) side of the product, which used to be nonexistent in the current product line, shows that they are ready to compete with EMC and NetApp."
"Without small block I/O," Taneja continued, "they could not participate in the broader market or serve exchange applications and database applications that are so common on Wall Street."
Titan delivers 5 Gbps throughput and has the ability to scale to 20 Gbps with one upgrade. The machine's Silicon File System, which supports up to 60,000 users at once, supports file systems up to 256 terabytes and uses "virtual volumes" to partition data for users across the enterprise.
This helps reduce storage management issues and eliminates the downtime that can occur with the data migration and reallocation associated with other storage systems.
BlueArc, which has accrued an almost unheard of $160 million in investment capital since it launched in 2001, may be a harbinger of things to come in the NAS market, which Taneja said is entering an exciting period.
"I'm thrilled to see the level of excitement and activity in the NAS space. It shows that the economy is turning around and NAS is in for another ride. For a company like BlueArc that came out within a fairly bad environment is encouraging."
Story courtesy of internetnews.com.
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Clint Boulton
Clint Boulton is an Enterprise Storage Forum contributor and a senior writer for CIO.com covering IT leadership, the CIO role, and digital transformation.
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The Obama Administration has issued a State Call to Action on Non-Compete Agreements. The Call to Action urges state policymakers to pass "Best Practice" policy objectives which include: (1) banning non-compete clauses for certain categories of workers such as health and safety and those employees who are laid off or terminated without cause; (2) requiring additional consideration to support a non-compete agreement; and (3) adopting a "red pencil" doctrine to void the entire contract if one provision is overbroad. However the Administration's "Best Practices" are contrary to the current laws in many states, as well as state and federal court precedent.
While the Obama Administration is promoting its "Best Practices" for state lawmakers to limit non-compete enforcement, we suggest the following best practices for employers.
• Review non-compete agreements to ensure compliance with current state laws. All employers should understand the state laws where they operate related to consideration; requirements for limiting the scope, time, and territory of a non-compete; and the state's policy on the "blue pencil" doctrine. All non-compete agreements should have severability language allowing a court to reform or strike an overbroad restriction and enforce the remainder of the agreement.
• Ensure you are taking full advantage of the protections offered in many states. Laws regarding the enforceability of non-compete agreements are different in each state. Employers must understand the importance of choice of law provisions and choice of forum provisions that should be in all non-compete agreements. Many employers designate a state law that is not as favorable as other states that may be applicable to the employment relationship.
• Ensure that non-disclosure of confidential information provisions are specifically drafted to protect the employer's most valuable information that is actually worthy of protection as well as the appropriate duration of the non-compete to protect against disclosure of the information. Ensure that the agreement appropriately protects intellectual property, such as inventions, patents, copyrights and trademarks.
• Confirm that applicants have disclosed any non-compete restrictions with their prior employers. Comprehensively assess any non-compete restrictions prior to making an offer of employment or make the offer conditional on the employment not violating any non-compete agreement.
In the right circumstances, non-compete agreements play a pivotal role in protecting businesses and promoting innovation. It remains to be seen whether state legislatures will answer the White House's call for action on non-compete reform.


These Combined Military Service Records note the date of enlistment, presence or absence at muster, injuries sustained, promotions, and discharge. Most importantly, they may also give the specific birthplace of the soldier. For those of us whose Civil War ancestors were immigrants, or whose ancestors were born in locales with poor vital records, these records are especially important. Beyond their military service, these records can also provide unique information, including a physical description of the soldier.
Take for instance, the service record of Francis Doherty, who served alongside my ancestor in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. His service record noted that he was born in Londonderry, Ireland, circa 1842. He was five feet and ten inches tall, with a light complexion, grey eyes, and brown hair. After the Battle of Winchester in Virginia, he was taken captive on 25 May 1862. A year later, he suffered a wound to his neck at Gettysburg and was discharged in May of 1864. Francis Doherty was described as "a faithful and highly esteemed non-com officer." Here, invaluable information is recorded for Francis Doherty, including his specific birthplace, in what is now Northern Ireland.
To date, Fold3 has digitized many of the Combined Military Service Records for both Union and Confederate troops. On Fold3, these records are located under the Civil War category and are titled "Civil War Service Records." These records can also be ordered from The National Archives.
 Compiled Service Records of Volunteer Union Soldiers Who Served in Organizations from the State of Massachusetts, Record Group 94, RG94-CMSR-MA-2INF-Bx1017_MISC, The National Archives, Washington, D.C.
My Civil War g-g-grandfather died in 1866 and his widow in 1889. Would he (or she, regarding pension) likely have a Combined Military Service Record?


Andrew B. Lustigman represents marketers, advertisers, agencies and suppliers in connection with the legal aspects of their advertising and promotional marketing businesses. According to Chambers USA, Andrew was cited by clients as "pragmatic and always looking for solutions that meet a specific client's needs."
Leveraging his extensive experience in advertising, marketing and promotions, Andrew counsels domestic and international clients regarding a broad range of matters, including the clearance of advertising and marketing materials, the structuring of sweepstakes, games of skill, and other contests, the development of social media programs and direct marketing campaigns from a compliance standpoint, and the resolution of regulatory, competitor, intellectual property and privacy matters. According to Chambers USA, clients report, "He's the one guy in the industry I'd go to. Every single issue in advertising, compliance, litigation, whatever — he does it all, and he does it well."
A significant portion of Andrew's practice involves review of advertising and promotional campaigns to help ensure compliance with substantiation requirements and relevant legal standards. He provides advice for campaigns across all media channels — Internet, television, print, radio, direct mail, mobile, telemarketing, and other electronic media, as well as social media platforms.
Andrew regularly represents clients in advertising-related investigations and litigation brought by federal and state regulatory agencies, including the Federal Trade Commission, the Food and Drug Administration, Federal Communications Commission, the United States Postal Service, the United States Senate, state attorneys general and other governmental organizations.
He also handles individual consumer, consumer class action, and related commercial litigation involving false and deceptive advertising issues, intellectual property, and corporate matters. He advises clients on strategies to address emerging threats and on creative and aggressive defense theories. In prosecuting and defending his clients' interests, he frequently appears in federal and state court and before the National Advertising Division of the Better Business Bureaus.
A core component of Andrew's practice is advising clients on compliance with Federal Trade Commission and Food and Drug Administration requirements regarding advertising, labeling and distributing health-related products. These products include prescription drugs, OTC products, dietary supplements, medical devices, cosmetics, and medical foods. In addition, he frequently represents clients before these regulatory agencies in connection with investigations, warning letters, inspections, and litigation and in competitor disputes under the Lanham Act and state equivalents as well as in alternative dispute venues such as NAD and ERSP.
Andrew regularly appears on television, radio, and in publications such as the National Law Journal, Inside Counsel, Bloomberg BNA, Law360, Mobile Marketer, Luxury Daily, and Response discussing important new cases and trends that advertisers and marketers need to know. He also contributes to the Brand Activation Association/Promotion Marketing Association's Promotion Marketing Law treatise and various American Bar Association publications. He frequently speaks on advertising and promotional marketing law topics throughout the country.
Repeatedly selected as a Notable Practitioner in his practice area by Chambers USA since 2008.
Consistently named to the New York Super Lawyers list, a Thomson Reuters lawyer rating service, since 2008.
Recognized in The Legal 500 U.S. in Marketing and Advertising, 2016.
Selected by his peers for inclusion in The Best Lawyers in America 2016 and 2017 in the field of Advertising Law.


text:
Q: Can't find where the error is in this JavaScript code. Not very familliar with 'class' syntax This is the code. It is an assignment from a random stranger that asked me to solve it for him since he saw a post of mine on IG.
// Player class
class Player {
  constructor(name, strength = 2, weapons) {
    this.name = name;
    this.health = 10;
    this.strength = strength;
    this.weapons = [...weapons];
  }

  applyDamage(int) {
    this.health -= int;
  }

  isAlive() {
    return this.health > 0;
  }

  attackWith() {
    let randomNum = Math.floor(Math.random() * 8);
    return this.weapons[randomNum];
  }
}

// Weapon class

class Weapon {
  constructor(name) {
    this.name = name;
    this.damage = Math.ceil(Math.random() * 5);
  }

  attack(player, enemy) {
    if (player.isAlive() && player.isAlive()) {
      let dmg = player.strength * this.damage;
      enemy.applyDamage(dmg);
      if (!enemy.isAlive()) {
        return;
      } else {
        enemy.attack(player);
      }
    }
  }
}

// Enemy class

class Enemy {
  constructor(name = "Enemy", health = 5, strength = 2) {
    this.name = name;
    this.health = health;
    this.strength = strength;
  }

  applyDamage(int) {
    this.health -= int;
  }

  isAlive() {
    return this.health > 0;
  }

  attack(player) {
    player.applyDamage(this.strength);
  }
}

// BattleSimulation class

class BattleSimulation {
  constructor() {
    this.players = [];
    this.enemies = [];
  }

  createEnemies() {
    for (let i = 0; i < 20; i += 1) {
      this.enemies[i] = new Enemy();
    }
  }

  createPlayers() {
    // Weapons
    let pencil = new Weapon("Pencil");
    let book = new Weapon("Book");
    let screwdriver = new Weapon("Screwdriver");
    let theOneRing = new Weapon("Sauron's Ring");
    let mustardGass = new Weapon("Mustard Gass");
    let bigBoy = new Weapon("A Nuke");
    let love = new Weapon("Power of Love");
    let theForce = new Weapon("The Force");

    let weaponsCache = [
      pencil,
      book,
      screwdriver,
      theOneRing,
      mustardGass,
      bigBoy,
      love,
      theForce
    ];

    // Players
    let luke = new Player("Luke", 5, weaponsCache);
    let baldingCoder = new Player("DraciVik", 10, weaponsCache);
    let trump = new Player("Trump", 1, weaponsCache);
    let kikiMakarena = new Player("Kiki Makarena", 5, weaponsCache);
    let johnWick = new Player("John Wick", 2, weaponsCache);

    this.players = [luke, baldingCoder, trump, kikiMakarena, johnWick];
  }

  run() {
    console.log("Simulating Battle");
    this.createEnemies();
    this.createPlayers();

    while (this.players.length !== 0 || this.enemies.length !== 0) {
      let randomPlayerIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.players.length);
      let randomPlayer = this.players[randomPlayerIndex];
      let randomEnemyIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.enemies.length);
      let randomEnemy = this.enemies[randomEnemyIndex];
      let weapon = randomPlayer.attackWith();
      weapon.attack(randomPlayer, randomEnemy);
      if (!randomPlayer.isAlive()) {
        this.players.splice(randomPlayerIndex, 1);
      }
      if (!randomEnemy.isAlive()) {
        this.enemies.splice(randomEnemyIndex, 1);
      }
    }
    console.log(this.players);
    if (this.players.length > 0) {
      return "Congratulations, you have defeated Scarlet Byle";
    }
    return "Sorry, Scarlet Byle has defeated you and conquered the free world";
  }
}

let battle = new BattleSimulation();
battle.run();

Anyone can see where the error is? I get a return error 'enemy.applyDamage(dmg)' is undefined.
What is this error that I need more writing than just code? Should I spam some letters?

A: The bug here is actually just in the condition of your while loop:
while(this.players.length !== 0 || this.enemies.length !== 0)
Your condition says to loop while there is at least one player OR there is at least one enemy. So as long as ONE of the arrays is not empty, it will continue to loop.
But when you first create this.players and this.enemies, they start at different sizes. Then when you remove one entry from each array, eventually one of the arrays is empty before the other.
Then your code has var randomEnemyIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * this.enemies.length); which will evaluate to 0 when the array is empty. And when you do this.enemies[0], it returns undefined. When undefined is passed into weapon.attack like weapon.attack(randomPlayer, undefined), then it tries to call applyDamage(dmg) on the undefined, which throws your exception.
If you modify your code to have the following console logs, you will see the issue:

    while (this.players.length !== 0 || this.enemies.length !== 0) {

      console.log("PLAYERS: " + this.players.length.toString());
      console.log("ENEMIES: " + this.enemies.length.toString());

      ...

You will see:
'Simulating Battle'
'PLAYERS: 5'
'ENEMIES: 20'
'PLAYERS: 5'
'ENEMIES: 20'
'PLAYERS: 5'
[...]
'PLAYERS: 4'
'ENEMIES: 1'
'PLAYERS: 4'
'ENEMIES: 0'
error: Uncaught TypeError: Cannot read property 'applyDamage' of undefined

So to fix this, you'll need to either change your conditional to this:
while (this.players.length !== 0 && this.enemies.length !== 0) {
Or you'll need to start both arrays off at the same size.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


With dozens of co-curricular activities, everyone at McQuaid can find a "fit" through clubs and teams organized around shared interests. But student life isn't just about clubs – it's also about friendships made. For many, participation in McQuaid clubs and teams becomes another rewarding part of their overall school experience.
Below are our current club and team offerings. While many are open to all students, some are only for high school or middle school students.
Academic Challenge Bowl is a club for trivia minded middle school students using a game show format with buzzers to answer questions about many different categories including science, history, geography, math, sports, and more. This club is moderated by Ms. Hendrick.
The staff of the Accolade designs, produces and distributes the yearbook for the school community. Staff are assigned responsibilities for taking photos, producing sections of the yearbook or managing orders/distribution. Editors do significant work organizing work efforts and producing content which may be more time consuming particularly before deadlines. Students interested in the photographic arts or interested in graphics design or publishing are encouraged to join this activity. Interested students should contact the moderators to express interest in participating. This club is moderated by Mr. Maxwell, '75 and Ms. Pilato.
The McQuaid Jesuit Arrupe Society is intended to be the focal point for student social justice activities. Father Arrupe famously challeneged Jesuit students to be "men and women for and with others." Arrupe Societies, named in his honor, in secondary schools and colleges and universities around the world have been formed to carry forward this message of Jesus.
The Arrupe Society sponsors outreach to men and women who have experienced homelessness, veterans, visits to the House of Mercy, St. Joseph's House of Hospitality,and other homeless shelters, the Annual Thanksgiving Food Drive, etc.
Camera Club members take pictures are various events throughout the school year. Some of their work is used on the school's website as well as marketing materials.
The Campus Ministry Board (CMB) is a student-led organization open to all students in grades 9 through 12. The goal of the organization is to develop the bond of brotherhood among McQuaid Jesuit students, especially by finding God in all things. The CMB leads a wide range of activities, including school Masses, the Rosary Group, Jar Wars, Pope Francis Week, Thanksgiving Interfaith Prayer Service, McQuaid Madness Charity Tournament, Midterm and Final Exams Study Breaks, etc. This club is moderated by Mr. Drahms.
The Cannonball Club is a made up of a group of McQuaid Jesuit students who have expressed an interest in learning more about the Catholic priesthood. This club is moderated by Mr. Drahms.
Chess Club is for fun, learning, camaraderie, and friendly competition.
Chess Team competes in the Rochester Interscholastic Chess League as well as against teams from other schools about one Thursday a month.
Both the club and team is moderated by Mr. Whelehan, '96.
Students of all grades compete against each other and students from other schools in one of the world's oldest games. This club is moderated by Mr. Mulholland and Mr. Smith.
This club gives students an introduction to Chinese history, traditions, modern life, food, music, and entertainment. Students are encouraged to ask questions, participate in activities, and keep an open mind.
This club is moderated by Ms. Yang.
This club focuses on refurbishing computers for charities and talking about computer topics.
This club is moderated by Mr. Simkins.
Students collaborate to find ways in which to make McQuaid Jesuit more environmentally friendly and to reduce the school's carbon footprint. Club members also educate the McQuaid community on strategies for living a more sustainable life. Recent endeavors include added recycling bins around the school and water bottle refill stations in the cafeteria and in the hallways.
Club activities also will include a cooking program where students learn meal preparation skills and menu planning that reflect the benefits of eating locally grown, organic, vegetarian foods.
Students interested in the possibility in forming an Envirothon team are encouraged to join as well. This is a state and national competition that challenges students in field skills and data collection, and in environmental problem solving.
This club is moderated by Ms. Kaidy.
Lego Robotics is a registered First Lego League team which works toward a goal of learning about the world, robotics, and each other. Our team builds science, engineering, and technology skills, that inspire innovation, and that foster well-rounded life capabilities including self-confidence, communication, and leadership. Students should consider joining this club if they have an interest in robotics, Legos, or engineering or if they like to solve problems, especially ones involving concepts in the STEAM realm. This club is moderated by Mr. Orr, '01.
The IgKNIGHTer is the name of the school's FIRST FRC robotics team open to all high school students. The principal activity of the team is to conceive, design, build and operate a competition robot during the months of January thru March. Non-build related opportunities are available to those interested in working on the team's website, Chairman's video or business operations. Off season activities include hosting a water engineering contest and a Qualifying Tournament for elementary and middle school students involved in Lego Robotics. The team is sponsored by Delphi Corporation, Xylem and the Xerox Corporation and is supported by professional mentors who volunteer their time to help students with the build process. This is the logical starting point for students interested in engineering or computer careers or for those looking for a solid team experience outside of athletics.
Visit the team's official website for more information.
This club is moderated by Mr. Maxwell, '75 and Ms. Yang.
This club is for those interested in all things francophone as well as the culture of French-speaking countries.
This club is moderated by Ms. Hickman.
The McQuaid German Club is a group of German fanatics who love the German language and culture.
This club is moderated by Frau.
Habitat for Humanity is a club that Partners with Flower City Habitat for Humanity to participate in local builds and help with fundraising.
Students must be willing to occasionally participate in build days or other similar events and help with the annual Pie Sale in the Fall and Hike for Habitat in the Spring.
It is an opportunity to have a hand in directly improving living conditions for others in Rochester. Also, it can be the beginning of lifelong involvement with Habitat for Humanity.
This club is moderated by Mr. Galambos, '90.
The Investing Club learns about picking individual stocks, choosing mutual funds, and what bonds do for our economy. We will also organize and run a stock picking contest. If you are interested in learning the fundamentals of investing this is the club for you!
This club is moderated by Mr. Purtell.
The McQuaid Italian Club is a group of Italian fanatics who love the Italian language and culture.
This group is for beginning to intermediate jazz students who want to get together and play a variety of jazz style music.
This club is moderated by Ms. Franca-Shelley.
This group is for intermediate to advanced jazz students who want to get together to play a variety of jazz style music. The group occassionally performs for charity events outside of McQuaid.
This club is moderated by Mr. Karnisky.
The team, comprised of eight members, participates in the Test of Engineering Aptitude, Mathematics and Science sponsored by the Junior Engineering Technical Society. The test consists of questions representing college freshman-level engineering coursework. It offers students the opportunity to see how engineering touches numerous aspects of our lives. Students are chosen by recommendation of math and science teachers.
This club is moderated by Mr. DeBaise.
Kennings is McQuaid Jesuit's Art and Literary magazine that highlights the work of talented writers and artists, of all kinds, within the McQuaid community. The magazine is a bi-monthly digital publication from which the editors choose the best-of-the-best at year's end to turn into a hard copy periodical. All students are welcome to join. Any student looking to learn how to publish a magazine should join. No artistic or writing experience is necessary.
This club is moderated by Mr. Lendeck and Ms. Brosman.
The Knights for Life are McQuaid Jesuit's focal point for all life issues. The Catholic Church teaches that all human life is sacred from the moment of conception until natural death. To support this position, educate their peers, and promote advocacy, the group sponsors various pro-life events during the school year.
This club is moderated by Mr. Flaherty.
Magic Club is a group that teaches and plays Magic: The Gathering. Magic was the first trading card game produced. It can be played by two or more players in various formats, the most common of which uses a deck of at least 60 cards containing no more than four of a single card, with some exceptions. For more information on the game click here.
This club is moderated by Mr. Guadagna.
Masterminds is an academic challenge competition with other schools in a College Bowl format. Four students on each team compete for two seven minute periods.
This club is moderated by Mr. Morales.
This is a club exclusively for sixth graders to have fun with higher level math. This club is moderated by Ms. Hendrick.
The "McQuaid Ballers" program is run in conjunction with students from Hillside Children's Center. The goal is to provide "mentoring," and general community to the boys at Hillside by playing basketball for an hour, then sharing pizza and discussion for an hour.
The club is primarily for juniors and seniors who want to help others who have much less, and demonstrate control, respect, care, and proper community involvement to students who are in need of proper behavior modeling such as this!
This club is moderated by Mr. Brady.
The Middle School Campus Ministry Board (MSCMB) is a student-led organization whose main focus is the spiritual growth of the middle school students at McQuaid Jesuit. Open to all students in grades 6 through 8, the goal of the MSCMB is to develop the bond of brotherhood among McQuaid Jesuit students, especially by finding God in all things. The MSCMB leads a wide range of activities, including class Masses, the Middle School Walk for Justice, movie nights, fundraisers, making bagged lunches for the homeless, visiting St. Joseph's House of Hospitality, etc. This club is moderated by Ms. Hendrick.
The Middleman Messenger is a student-run newspaper for the middle school. Students are involved with all aspects of the newspaper including writing and publishing articles, taking photos, and laying out the paper. This club is moderated by Mr. Simkins.
The Mock Trial team provides students insight into the area of the law known as "trial practice" in a competitive setting against other high schools. It is a great opportunity for students interested in the law or in developing advocacy and public speaking skills.
This team is moderated by Mr. Ruhlmann.
Model U.N. is a student directed activity. Participation and the level of that participation are determined solely by the student membership. In a typical year, three weekend conferences are attended. Membership is open to all students in grades 9 through 12.
This club is moderated by Ms. O'Brien.
This club is based on the principle of inclusion and encourages the community to see how differences in one another enhance our lives. We work to empower all of our members to know that they have something to contribute to our community through their voices no matter. We strive to be positive role models who appreciate and respect each other. We pledge to break down barriers through dialogue and understanding. Through our club we realize that our differences will always circle us back to our most common bond – that of our humanity.
The Physics Through Literature Club explores interesting physics topics that aren't necessarily included in the curriculum, ranging from the role of light in impressionist paintings to the rise of drones and real life invisibility cloaks.
The Science Club is for students who share an interest in many aspects of science and in particular, chemistry. The group puts together a science show for middle school students that feature chemistry experiments both in the lab and outside. The club plans on bringing in outside speakers who can relate science to the "real world" and sharing science videos.
This club is moderated by Dr. Rogalskyj.
The McQuaid Jesuit SIMBA Society is the student run fan section. The Senior leadership is responsible for organizing fan sections, tailgates, cheers, and dress themes for each major game, as well as creating original t-shirt designs for the fan pack at the start of each year, at least one other t-shirt release during the school year, pep rallies, and spirit week themes. The SIMBA Society considers all students at McQuaid Jesuit to be active members in the club, through their presence and support at major sporting events.
Come to the sporting events to join in with the SIMBA Society and see what it is all about. For leadership opportunities during your senior year, see Mr. Vernetti during your junior year (or earlier) to express your interest.
This club is moderated by Mr. Vernetti.
The Ski and Board Club is open to grades 6-12, and presents an opportunity to learn to ski or snowboard in a fun, safe environment at Bristol Mountain. We meet on six consecutive Fridays beginning the first Friday following Christmas break. Students will be dropped off by parents at school on the mornings of our visits, and any gear/equipment will be stored in the field house. After school, students may retrieve items from the field house and gather in Keenan Hall where we are picked up at 3 p.m. by a coach bus to head to the mountain.
There is a Ski Club Mailing List that is used to provide information and early notification about registration. Please contact Amy Sheffer to be added to this list.
This club is moderated by Ms. Sheffer and Mr. Pierri.
Spanish club is an opportunity for students to come together to learn and celebrate Hispanic culture. Students interested in expanding their knowledge of the Spanish language and culture should join.
This club is moderated by Ms. Martinez.
Speech & Debate teaches students to become effective researchers, persuasive writers, and confident communicators while empowering them to become engaged with issues of social justice and public policy in the world around them. In addition to Lincoln-Douglas and Public Forum debate, students have an opportunity to compete in everything from poetry to drama to humor to original oratory to extemporaneous speech.
This team is moderated by Dr. Ruppert.
No matter what you do in life, both in your career and education, public speaking is a pervasive and important skill. At some point in your life you will be asked to give some kind of presentation or speech in front of a large audience. By joining speech and debate you can hone your skills so you can clearly and confidently speak to your peers, teachers, and even your boss. The ability to speak strongly and convincingly is key to success in anything you do. In addition, being on the speech and debate team can help you achieve better grades and looks excellent on college and job applications. You will learn the skills to better research, write, think critically, present, and exercise time management. In addition, it's a great way to have fun and meet new friends while getting a head start on becoming a varsity team member in high school.
"Shadow" the varsity team at local tournaments to see and learn how to compete at a championship level.
Earn the chance to sit in/on / receive instruction at varsity practices (usually 3:15 – 5:15 p.m. Monday through Friday) should you wish to pursue speech and debate more intensively than just the time the MS club meets.
Complete in varsity tournaments that have a middle school component.
Visit www.speechanddebate.org/competition-events/ to become more familiar with speech and debate.
This club is moderated by Mr. Ruppert and Ms. Suter.
The St. Joseph of Arimathea Pallbearer Ministry was founded in the spirit of St. Joseph of Arimathea who assisted with the burial of Jesus. Begun by Ian Gonzalez, '16, the core belief is that no person should die without being prayed for or mourned. The seventh Corporal Work of Mercy clearly states we need to care for the dying and bury the dead.
Currently, McQuaid Jesuit juniors and seniors serve as pallbearers at the funerals of veterans and/or persons who have experienced homelessness. Student pall bearers pledge to serve with respect and dignity. Students learn to offer sympathy and support to others and offer hope in the face of death. Before and after serving as pallbearers, students gather for prayer and reflection with a member of the faculty/staff.
This ministry is moderated by Mr. Mulholland.
Students help design and build sets for school productions as well as learn how to set and control lights and sound.
The Bio-Diversity Project works to bring students into a partnership with the natural world. Through projects designed to educate about interconnected systems students work to help themselves and others relate on a deeper level with the environment and its parts. The Bio-Diversity Project deals with environmental and social justice issues through the various works chosen by the projects participants. Members also continue working with ongoing project endeavors such as care for McQuaid's beehives and gardens.
This club is moderated by Mr. Lendeck.
The Lance is McQuaid's high school newspaper. Members of the club work with students in the Journalism and Media Literacy class to create and publish four issues each year. If you are interested in current events or journalism and have a willingness/desire to conduct interviews, report on school news, and write articles at least once per marking period, this is a club for you!
This club is moderated by Mr. Hershel.
The Shield is McQuaid Jesuit's first online-only publication, covering student interests in a range of areas from film and literature to music, video games, and more.
Youth and Government provides students the opportunity to participate in our democratic system by modeling legislators, judges, lawyers, journalists, lobbyists, and the executive branch in participation with other schools in Monroe County and New York State. Students participate in a mock NY State government held in the Legislative Chambers of the State Capital in Albany.
This club is moderated by Mr. Wegman.


text:
Sports, Conference, Teaching and Education Facilities
At our Personal Best Education, Leisure and Conference Centre we offer a vast range of facilities available for Leisure, Education and Business Bookings.
Our lettings are open 7 days a week with closures only during bank holidays and extended opening hours during school holidays. There is ample parking available onsite and our friendly staff are always available to help.
All booking requests can be completed online by pressing the 'Book' button below, where you will be able to view live availability, obtain pricing information, complete the online booking form and make payment.
Want to clarify something? Speak to one of our team.
Children need the freedom and time to play. Play is not a luxury. Play is a necessity.
View allConferenceFlexible UseMusicSports
3G Pitch
Our 3G pitch is in high demand with clubs & organisations throughout Romsey, Hampshire. The pitch is a 3G pitch with floodlights and can be hired in 3 options (11-a-side and 7-a-side), making it the perfect venue for football. Changing and shower facilities are available as part of the hire.
Conference, Flexible Use
For any tutors or organisations looking for a venue in the Romsey, Hampshire area, we have state of the art facilities suitable for your needs at reasonable prices.
All our classrooms equipped with all the modern appliances you would expect (projector & interactive whiteboard) We have a large number of classrooms available (more than are currently listed on the site), so please contact us directly should you need more than are listed.
Our founders room is a flexible room to meet any requirements. Potential uses include a function room, conference room and meeting room. The room is equipped with a whiteboard, projector, tea & coffee facilities, Wi-Fi and parking. Given the flexible nature of the facility please ensure you include details of the event and setup required in your booking request.
Flexible Use, Sports
Self-contained studio with sprung flooring and mirrors available to hire in Romsey, Hampshire.
Drama Room
Flexible Use, Music, Sports
Our flexible drama studio makes it the perfect space to hire in the Romsey, Hampshire area. As well as being used by local drama clubs and organisations for practice and rehearsals the space (9 x 6m) is also suitable for those looking to hire a small studio for dance, aerobics or yoga.
Fields/Running Track
Our grass field offers a flexible facility whatever your requirements having markings in place for a range of sports and other outdoor activities. It also has athletics available, making it popular with local clubs in the Romsey, Hampshire area.
Grass Football Pitch
Grass Pitch full size available to hire in Romsey, Hampshire. Full 11-a-side Size with Changing facilities, Parking and Shower facilities.
Our gymnasium is 17 x 11m and has markings for badminton, basketball and volleyball and can be used for dance and gymnastics too.
Conference, Flexible Use, Music
Our main hall provides a flexible facility to meet your requirements whatever your needs. With a capacity to seat 250 or 500 standing (16 x 13m) its flexible options have made it popular to hire in the Romsey, Hampshire area for many different types of events. Potential uses include meeting room, conference room, dance studios, and parties.
The hall has full disabled access, a sound & light system, Wi-Fi, access to changing facilities and parking making it fully functional whatever your needs are. Based on your requirements the room could be set-up in many different ways, so please include full details on the booking request. The main hall and small hall can be combined into a larger space (25 x 15m)
Flexible Use, Music
Our recording studio offers a flexible space for musical practice and lessons in the Romsey, Hampshire area, making it popular with both larger organisations and individuals looking for a high specification music space.
Muti-Use Games Area (MUGA) Netball/Tennis
Our floodlit MUGA (3/4 single courts) has markings for netball and tennis courts. The facility is popular for those clubs/organisations looking to hire a floodlit netball / tennis court within the Romsey, Hampshire area.
Our sports hall has 4 badminton courts and measures 28 x 16m with markings for badminton, basketball, cricket and football. Adjacent to the sports hall are changing and shower facilities which are available as part of the hire.
This facility is popular with the local community in the Romsey, Hampshire area and our prices are very competitive with a range of group activities available during the week.
Our tennis court is popular for those clubs/organisations looking to hire a tennis court within the Romsey, Hampshire area. The court is floodlit.
Our theatre offers a large professional studio theatre with professional lighting, sound and A/V facilities. There is tiered seating for 180 people or 300 standing, making it a fantastic venue for your performance. The facility is popular for those clubs/organisations looking to hire a professional theatre within the Romsey, Hampshire area.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


*He established the American logging industry.
*He trained carpenter ants to help loggers.
*He scooped out the Great Lakes to water Babe, his ox.
*He cleared the entire states of North and South Dakota for farming.
*Paul and Babe's large footprints created Minnesota's 10,000 lakes when they wandered around blindly in a snowstorm.
*Paul Bunyan dug the Grand Canyon when he dragged his axe behind him.
*He created Mount Hood by piling rocks on top of his campfire to put it out.
Wear a plaid shirt today in honor of Paul Bunyan. Bake a birthday cake to commemorate the date of Paul Bunyan's birth. Read the story of Paul Bunyan. The story can be found at any library or check it out on www.paulbunyantrail.com.
Try creating your own tall tale! Remember, a tall tale is a greatly exaggerated story that is told as if it were true. Click here to download a Tall Tales PowerPoint presentation.
This entry was posted in 300 Social Sciences and tagged audio, children's literature, folktale, lumberjack, paul bunyan, tall tale. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: Throttling Bandwidth on Firefox I currently use Firefox as my browser, and saw there was an add-on called "Firefox Throttle" that would limit my bandwidth usage for me. As I am on an overall low data cap from my ISP, I wanted to use this plugin, but found it was outdated and broken. What other way can I limit my bandwidth?
I am using Windows 7 x64

A: 6 years later, a plugin is no longer needed! This has been part of the Network Monitor UI (press F12) since Firefox 55 (August 2017). Throttling allows the emulation of the bandwidth and latency of various network types, from GPRS up to WiFi:
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Tools/Network_Monitor/Throttling
https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1349559

A: Data usage isn't really something that an application can "throttle"-- you either use the bandwidth, or you don't. Throttling usually indicates a limit on the speed; you use the same amount of data just over a larger time.
If you're running Windows, a program called NetLimiter is really useful for monitoring how much data is being consumed by the system.
You can also do it at the network level if your router supports it. the DD-WRT and other custom firmwares (pfsense, monowall, Tomato, OpenWRT) often display data usage in the router status


Manchester is a city located in the South Central part of North West England and is a borough in Greater Manchester. The history of the city dates back to the 1st century.
The world's first railway station was constructed in this site. It is also the site from where the first programmable computer was developed by splitting an atom. The city is renowned for various aspects. But, sporting connections are exceptional! Manchester is best known for its football team, Manchester United. Football has been a key part of Manchester life and this team is the most supported team not only in Manchester but they have a following worldwide.
Manchester is famous for generating the World famous Brit-pop scene 'Madchester' in the early 90's. The night life in the city has gradually become quiet, but even today it is an envy of many British cities.
Manchester is home to number of prestigious theatres in England like The Palace, The Opera House, The Lowry and The Royal Exchange. The Palace and The Opera House host the major touring West-End productions like Mama-Mia, We Will Rock You and Evita.
Manchester is home to some of World class music venues like the Bridgewater Hall and M.E.N.Arena. The Bridgewater Hall is home to the BBC Philharmonic, Manchester Camerata and Halle Orchestras. All big A-List names in popular music have the M.E.N.Arena as their music venue.
Manchester boasts a number of well known museums like Museum of Science and Industry and the Manchester Museum. Some of the best collections of Egyptian articrafts in the UK are found at the Manchester Museum.
Besides having reputation in football, music and culture, Manchester is known for its industrial development. Manchester has twinning arrangements with many cities in the world like Tampere (Manchester of Finland), Ahmedabad (Manchester of the East) and many more.
Manchester is second largest and busiest city in UK after London in all aspects, transport, manufacturing, economy, development and culture. Manchester is generally not in the UK's list of attractions that include London, Bath, Oxford, and York …But, it's a thriving metropolis that is ideal for shopping or employment in the UK. Life is interesting in Manchester and it is worthy of a visit!
Visiting London Summer 2015 – Good Ideas?


text:
The 2005 Mosconi Cup, the 12th edition of the annual nine-ball pool competition between teams representing Europe and the United States, took place 15–18 December 2005 at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas, Nevada. A shot clock was used for the first time in the events history.

Team USA won the Mosconi Cup by defeating Team Europe 11–6.

Teams

 1 Born outside the United States.

Results

Thursday, 15 December

Friday, 16 December

Saturday, 17 December

Sunday, 18 December

References

External links
 Official homepage

2005
2005 in cue sports
2005 in sports in Nevada
Sports competitions in Las Vegas
2005 in American sports
December 2005 sports events in the United States
MGM Grand Las Vegas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Retrieves a handle to a control in the specified dialog box.
A handle to the dialog box that contains the control.
The identifier of the control to be retrieved.
If the function succeeds, the return value is the window handle of the specified control.
If the function fails, the return value is NULL, indicating an invalid dialog box handle or a nonexistent control. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.
You can use the GetDlgItem function with any parent-child window pair, not just with dialog boxes. As long as the hDlg parameter specifies a parent window and the child window has a unique identifier (as specified by the hMenu parameter in the CreateWindow or CreateWindowEx function that created the child window), GetDlgItem returns a valid handle to the child window.
For an example, see Initializing a Dialog Box.


text:
\section{Introduction}
Thermodynamics has been developed from the analysis of heat engines.
Carnot invented an idealized mathematical model of heat engines,
now called the Carnot cycle, and proved that there exists a fundamental
upper bound of the efficiency of all heat engines, which
is given by the Carnot efficiency
$\eta_\mathrm{C}\equiv 1-T_\mathrm{c}/T_\mathrm{h}$, where $T_\mathrm{h}$ and
$T_\mathrm{c}$ are the temperatures of the hotter and the colder heat
reservoirs, respectively.
But to attain the upper bound, we need to operate the heat engines
infinitely slowly (quasistatic limit) not to cause irreversibility. In
the quasistatic limit, the heat engine is of no practical use, because
the power, defined as work output per unit time, becomes $0$.

Practically we need to operate the heat engines in a finite
time to obtain a finite power. Curzon and Ahlborn~\cite{CA} considered
a phenomenological model of a finite-time Carnot heat engine
under the assumptions that heat flow obeys the linear Fourier law and that irreversibility occurs only due to
the heat flow (endoreversible approximation) (see also \cite{C,N}),
and they derived that
the efficiency at the maximal power $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ of that engine becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\eta_\mathrm{max}=1-\sqrt{\frac{T_\mathrm{c}}{T_\mathrm{h}}}\equiv
 \eta_\mathrm{CA}.\label{eq.1}\\
&&\text{(Curzon-Ahlborn (CA) efficiency)}\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Although their derivation of $\eta_\mathrm{CA}$ may seem model-specific, they suggested that
$\eta_\mathrm{CA}$ closely approximates $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ in a few
examples of real heat engines~\cite{CA} and, above all, the simple form Eq.~(\ref{eq.1}) of
$\eta_\mathrm{CA}$ implied its universality. In fact,
subsequent various theoretical studies indeed revealed some sort of universality of the CA
efficiency~\cite{R1,R2,LL,G,K,B,AB,AB2,VB,CH,CH2,GS,BK,BB,TYJ,REC,B2,IO,IO2,IO3,SS,TU,ELB,ELB2,BJM,AJM,J,EKLB,ZS}.

Recently Van den Broeck addressed the generality of the CA efficiency
from a viewpoint of
the linear irreversible thermodynamics~\cite{VB}. He described heat engines by
using the Onsager relations
\begin{eqnarray}
&&J_1=L_{11}X_1+L_{12}X_2,\label{eq.2}\\
&&J_2=L_{21}X_1+L_{22}X_2,\label{eq.3}
\end{eqnarray}
and proved that $\eta_\mathrm{CA}$ is the upper bound of the
efficiency at the maximal power $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ in the linear response regime $\Delta T
\to 0$, where $\Delta T\equiv T_\mathrm{h}-T_\mathrm{c}$. This upper
bound can be attained when the Onsager coefficients $L_{ij}$'s
in Eqs.~(\ref{eq.2}) and (\ref{eq.3}) satisfy
the tight coupling condition $|q|=1$, where $q\equiv L_{12}/\sqrt{L_{11}L_{22}}$ is called the coupling
strength parameter.
Various theoretical models of the heat engines can be understood by using the
Onsager relations, ranging from steady state Brownian
motors~\cite{GS,BK,B2,BB,TYJ,REC} to a
macroscopic finite-time Carnot cycle~\cite{IO3}.

Recently Schmiedl and Seifert suggested an analytically tractable model
of a Carnot heat engine from which useful work can be extracted through the motion
of a Brownian particle by changing the
potential confining the particle~\cite{SS}.
In this paper, we call their model a Brownian Carnot cycle.
By restricting the potential to the harmonic form, they analytically
showed that the efficiency at the maximal power $\eta_\mathrm{max}$
agrees with $\eta_\mathrm{CA}$ in the limit of $\Delta T \to 0$. (See
Sec.~II for details.) The remarkable feature of their analysis is that
they compared all protocols when maximizing the power, where
we mean by {\it protocol} the schedule to change the potential.

Although they showed that their $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ attains
$\eta_\mathrm{CA}$
in the linear response regime $\Delta T \to 0$,
but the explicit Onsager relations Eqs.~(\ref{eq.2}) and
(\ref{eq.3}) have not been obtained yet, especially how the information
of the protocol is reflected in the Onsager relations is unclear.
In this paper, we calculate the Onsager coefficients $L_{ij}$'s of the
Brownian Carnot cycle with the harmonic potential
for general protocols, that is, arbitrary schedules to change the
potential.

The organization of this paper is as follows. In Sec.~II, we introduce
the Brownian Carnot cycle and review its general properties according to~\cite{SS}.
We demonstrate the calculations of its
Onsager coefficients in Sec.~III and
discuss physical implications of them in Sec.~IV.
We summarize this study in Sec.~V.
\section{Model}
\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[scale=0.275]{fig1.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Schematic illustration of a Brownian Carnot cycle.
A Brownian particle immersed in noisy thermal surroundings at
temperature $T_\mathrm{r}$
is operated by changing the spring constant of the harmonic potential
(dashed lines).
The shadow regions represent the probability distribution $p(x,t)$.
(A) and (C) are isothermal steps at $T_\mathrm{r}=T_\mathrm{h}$ and at $T_\mathrm{r}=T_\mathrm{c}$, respectively.
(B) and (D) are instantaneous adiabatic steps which do not generate irreversibility.
During the isothermal step (A) ((C)),
$p(x,t)$ evolves according to the
Fokker-Planck equation from $p_a$ ($p_b$) to $p_b$ ($p_a$).
}\label{fig.1}
\end{figure}
Let us introduce the Brownian Carnot cycle~\cite{SS}.
Imagine that a one-dimensional overdamped
Brownian particle is immersed in thermal surroundings at a
temperature $T_\mathrm{r}$ ($\mathrm{r}=\mathrm{h}, \mathrm{c}$) and is trapped in a harmonic potential.
The surroundings behave like noise on the particle and fluctuate its position.
Therefore its motion becomes probabilistic rather than deterministic.
In this situation, the time evolution of the probability distribution $p(x,t)$
of the position $x$ of the particle at time $t$ can be described by the Fokker-Planck equation
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial p(x,t)}{\partial t}=-\mu \frac{\partial}{\partial x} \cdot \biggl[-\frac{\partial}{\partial
 x} V(x,t)-T_\mathrm{r}\frac{\partial}{\partial
 x}\biggr]p(x,t),\label{eq.4}
\end{eqnarray}
where $V(x,t)$ is the potential energy, which is given by $V(x,t)=\lambda (t)x^2/2$,
using the time-dependent spring constant $\lambda(t)$. $\mu$ is the
mobility of the particle and we set the Boltzmann constant $k_\mathrm{B}$ as unity.
We can construct a Brownian Carnot cycle in a statistical sense by using Eq.~(\ref{eq.4}) as
follows (see Fig.~\ref{fig.1}): (A). Isothermal step at
$T_\mathrm{r}=T_\mathrm{h}$ ($0 < t < t_{A}$): by changing the spring
constant, we change the
distribution function from initial $p_a(x)$ to $p_b(x)$ for the duration of
$t_{A}$. (B). Adiabatic step: at time $t=t_{A}$, we
switch the reservoir at $T_\mathrm{h}$
to a colder one at $T_\mathrm{c}$ instantaneously. Because this
instantaneous adiabatic step gives the probability distribution no time
to relax, the probability distribution remains $p=p_b(x)$ during this step.
(C). Isothermal step at $T_\mathrm{r}=T_\mathrm{c}$ ($t_{A} < t < t_{A}+t_{C}$): by
changing the spring constant, we change the
distribution function from $p_b(x)$ to $p_a(x)$ for the duration of
$t_{C}$. (D). Adiabatic step: at time $t=t_{C}$, we switch the reservoir at $T_\mathrm{c}$ to the one at
$T_\mathrm{h}$ instantaneously again. This adiabatic step also keeps the probability
distribution as $p=p_a(x)$ and then the cycle closes. Since $\lambda(t)$
determines the schedule to change the potential, we consider
$\lambda(t)$ as the protocol in this Brownian Carnot cycle.
During the isothermal steps (A) and (C), the probability distribution
evolves according to the Fokker-Planck equation Eq.~(\ref{eq.4}) and we also assume that
the initial probability $p_a(x)$ is Gaussian with the mean $0$ and the variance $w_a$ as
$p_a(x)=\exp(-x^2/(2w_a))/\sqrt{2\pi w_a}$. Then it can be shown that
the probability distribution always
remains Gaussian with the mean $0$ in
the case of the harmonic potential if we initially prepare it so.

Here we define the internal energy $E(t)$ and the entropy $S(t)$ of the
particle at time $t$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
E(t)\equiv \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dx\ p(x,t)V(x,t),\label{eq.5}\\
S(t)\equiv -\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dx\ p(x,t)\ln p(x,t),\label{eq.6}
\end{eqnarray}
respectively.
The entropy $S$ of the
particle does not change during the
adiabatic steps (B) and (D) because the probability distribution remains unchanged.
Thus the adiabatic steps are surely isentropic,
which do not generate irreversibility during them at all.

To calculate the work output during the cycle, we consider the
time evolution equation of the variance $w(t)\equiv
\int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dx \ p(x,t)x^2$ during the isothermal steps (A)
and (C) by using Eq.~(\ref{eq.4}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\frac{dw^{(A)}}{dt}=-2\mu \lambda w^{(A)}+2\mu T_\mathrm{h} \ (0<t<t_{A}),\label{eq.7}\\
&&\frac{dw^{(C)}}{dt}=-2\mu \lambda w^{(C)}+2\mu T_\mathrm{c} \ (t_{A}<t<t_{A}+t_{C}),\label{eq.8}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have defined the variance during the isothermal steps (A) and
(C) as $w^{(A)}$ and $w^{(C)}$, respectively.
Then the work output in the isothermal step (A) ($0 < t < t_{A}$) can be calculated
by using Eq.~(\ref{eq.7}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
W^{(A)}&&=-\int_{0}^{t_{A}}dt \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dx \ p(x,t)\frac{\partial V}{\partial
t}\nonumber\\
&&=-\int_{0}^{t_{A}}dt \  \frac{d\lambda}{dt}\frac{w^{(A)}}{2}\nonumber \\
&&=-\frac{1}{4\mu}\int_{0}^{t_{A}}\frac{{(\frac{dw^{(A)}}{dt})}^2}{w^{(A)}}dt+\frac{1}{2}T_\mathrm{h}[\ln
w^{(A)}]_{0}^{t_{A}}\nonumber\\
&&-\frac{1}{2}[\lambda w^{(A)}]_{0}^{t_{A}}\nonumber \\
&&\equiv -W_\mathrm{irr}^{(A)}+T_\mathrm{h}\Delta {S}^{(A)}-\Delta {E}^{(A)},\label{eq.9}
\end{eqnarray}
where $W_{\mathrm{irr}}^{(A)}\equiv
\frac{1}{4\mu}\int_{0}^{t_\mathrm{A}}(\frac{dw^{(A)}}{dt})^2/w^{(A)} \
dt$ is the decrease of the work by irreversibility, which vanishes in the quasistatic limit
$t_{A} \to \infty$.
Assuming that the probability distribution $p$ is always Gaussian with
the variance $w$,
we have also defined the internal energy change and the entropy change
during the isothermal step (A) as
${\Delta
S}^{(A)}\equiv \frac{1}{2}[\ln
w^{(A)}]_{0}^{t_{A}}$ and ${\Delta
E}^{(A)}\equiv \frac{1}{2}[\lambda w^{(A)}]_{0}^{t_{A}}$,
by using Eqs~(\ref{eq.5}) and (\ref{eq.6}), respectively.
The work output in the isothermal step (C) ($t_{A} < t < t_{A}+t_{C}$) can
also be calculated likewise as
\begin{eqnarray}
W^{(C)}&&=-\int_{t_{A}}^{t_{A}+t_{C}}dt \int_{-\infty}^{\infty} dx \ p(x,t)\frac{\partial V}{\partial
t}\nonumber\\
&&=-\int_{t_{A}}^{t_{A}+t_{C}}dt \  \frac{d\lambda}{dt}\frac{w^{(C)}}{2}\nonumber \\
&&=-\frac{1}{4\mu}\int_{t_{A}}^{t_{A}+t_{C}}\frac{{(\frac{dw^{(C)}}{dt})}^2}{w^{(C)}}dt+\frac{1}{2}T_\mathrm{c}[\ln
w]_{t_{A}}^{t_{A}+t_{C}}\nonumber \\
&&-\frac{1}{2}[\lambda w^{(C)}]_{t_{A}}^{t_{A}+t_{C}}\nonumber \\
&&\equiv -W_\mathrm{irr}^{(C)}+T_\mathrm{c}\Delta {S}^{(C)}-\Delta {E}^{(C)},\label{eq.10}
\end{eqnarray}
where $W_{\mathrm{irr}}^{(C)}$, ${\Delta S}^{(C)}$ and ${\Delta
E}^{(C)}$ are defined in the same way as in the step (A).
We need to determine the dynamics of $w^{(i)}(t)$ ($i=A, C$) to calculate $W_\mathrm{irr}^{(A)}$
and $W_\mathrm{irr}^{(C)}$ explicitly. Since the cyclic change of
$\lambda (t)$ asymptotically leads to the Gaussian cyclic change of
$p(x,t)$, $w^{(i)}(t)$ ($i=A, C$) is uniquely determined by
$\lambda(t)$. Reversely, if we determine $w^{(i)}(t)$ ($i=A, C$),
then the dynamics of $\lambda(t)$ is uniquely determined
via Eqs.~(\ref{eq.7}) and (\ref{eq.8}). Therefore we may regard
$w^{(i)}(t)$ ($i=A, C$) as the protocol in
this Brownian Carnot cycle instead of $\lambda(t)$.

The work outputs $W^{(B)}$ and $W^{(D)}$ in the adiabatic steps (B) ($t=t_{A}$) and
(D) ($t=t_{A}+t_{C}$) simply
become the change of the internal energy of the system as
$W^{(B)}=-\Delta E^{(B)}$ and $W^{(D)}=-\Delta E^{(D)}$
because the instantaneous
change of the spring constant during the adiabatic steps does not affect
the probability distribution.
Then the total work output $W\equiv \sum_{i=A}^{D}W^{(i)}$
during the entire cycle (A)-(D) is summed as
\begin{eqnarray}
W=-W^{(A)}_\mathrm{irr}-W^{(C)}_\mathrm{irr}+(T_\mathrm{h}-T_\mathrm{c})\Delta S,\label{eq.11}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have used relations $\sum_{i=A}^{D} \Delta E^{(i)}=0$ and $\sum_{i=A}^{D}
\Delta S^{(i)}=0$ due to the periodicity of the system and have
defined $\Delta S$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\Delta S\equiv \Delta S^{(A)}=-\Delta S^{(C)}=\ln
\sqrt{\frac{w_b}{w_a}}.\label{eq.12}
\end{eqnarray}
The heat $Q_\mathrm{h}$ absorbed into the system from the hotter reservoir during the step (A) becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
Q_\mathrm{h}\equiv \Delta E^{(A)}+W^{(A)}=T_\mathrm{h}\Delta S-W^{(A)}_\mathrm{irr}.\label{eq.13}
\end{eqnarray}
Here we define the power and the efficiency as
\begin{eqnarray}
&&P\equiv \dot{W}\equiv \frac{W}{t_{A}+t_{C}},\label{eq.14}\\
&&\eta \equiv \frac{\dot{W}}{\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}},\label{eq.15}
\end{eqnarray}
where the dot
denotes a quantity divided by the one-cycle period or a quantity
per unit time throughout the
paper. In the Brownian Carnot cycle, the one-cycle period is $t_{A}+t_{C}$.

After the above setup for the Brownian Carnot cycle, Schmiedl and Seifert
considered the maximization of the power as
follows. Firstly they
calculated the optimal protocol which maximizes the power Eq.~(\ref{eq.14})
under the condition that the durations $t_{A}$ and
$t_{C}$ and the boundary values $w_a$ and $w_b$ are fixed.
This optimization can be realized by minimizing the functionals in
$W^{(A)}_\mathrm{irr}$ and $W^{(C)}_\mathrm{irr}$ since $\Delta S$ in
Eq.~(\ref{eq.11}) is constant. By solving Euler-Lagrange
equations for these functionals with given boundary values $w_a$ and
$w_b$, they obtained the optimal protocol as
\begin{eqnarray}
w^{(A)}(t)&&=w_a(1+(\sqrt{w_b/w_a}-1)t/t_{A})^2,\label{eq.16}\\
w^{(C)}(t)&&=w_b(1+(\sqrt{w_a/w_b}-1)(t-t_{A})/t_{C})^2.\label{eq.17}
\end{eqnarray}
Then, $W^{(A)}_\mathrm{irr}$ and $W^{(C)}_\mathrm{irr}$
under this protocol are expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
&&W^{(A)}_\mathrm{irr}=\frac{(\sqrt{w_b}-\sqrt{w_a})^2}{\mu}\cdot \frac{1}{t_{A}},\label{eq.18}\\
&&W^{(C)}_\mathrm{irr}=\frac{(\sqrt{w_b}-\sqrt{w_a})^2}{\mu}\cdot \frac{1}{t_{C}}. \label{eq.19}
\end{eqnarray}
Secondly they considered the further maximization of the power of the
optimal protocol by changing the durations $t_{A}$ and
$t_{C}$. From $\partial P/\partial t_{A}=\partial
P/\partial t_{C}=0$, $t_{A}$ and $t_{C}$ can be determined as
\begin{eqnarray}
t_{A}=t_{C}=\frac{4(\sqrt{w_b}-\sqrt{w_a})^2}{\mu(T_\mathrm{h}-T_\mathrm{c})\Delta S}.\label{eq.20}
\end{eqnarray}
Finally, they obtained the maximal power $P_\mathrm{max}$ and the efficiency at the maximal power $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
&&P_\mathrm{max}=\frac{\mu\left(\ln
\sqrt{{w_b}/{w_a}}\right)^2{\Delta T}^2}{16(\sqrt{w_b}-\sqrt{w_a})^2},\label{eq.21}\\
&&\eta_\mathrm{max}=\frac{\eta_\mathrm{C}}{2-\eta_\mathrm{C}/2},\label{eq.22}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\eta_\mathrm{C}=1-T_\mathrm{c}/T_\mathrm{h}$ is the Carnot efficiency. This result is
remarkable because $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ is independent of the boundary
values $w_a$ and $w_b$, although $P_\mathrm{max}$ depends on them.
Thus, this implies that $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq.22}) remains
unchanged even when the further maximization of the power is performed
by changing $w_a$ and $w_b$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq.21}). Therefore,
$\eta_\mathrm{max}$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq.22}) gives the efficiency at the
maximal power under arbitrary protocols of $w(t)$.

Moreover, by expanding $\Delta
T$, they obtained $\eta_\mathrm{max}=\Delta T/(2T)+O({\Delta T}^2)$ which
is equal to $\eta_\mathrm{CA}$ in the linear order of $\Delta T$.
A remark should be added here. The essential point of
their derivation is to consider the two-step maximization of the power:
first by the optimal protocol for the fixed durations and second by
those durations.
This strategy to find the maximal power
is indeed effective for the non-linear response regime of the cycle where
we have no general theory to describe that regime at present.
But we can use the linear irreversible thermodynamics in the linear
order in $\Delta T$. As we will show in Sec.~III, we indeed apply the
framework of the linear irreversible thermodynamics to this Brownian Carnot cycle and can extract
more detailed information on the maximization of the power in the linear
response regime.
\section{Calculations of the Onsager coefficients}
In this Section, we will calculate the Onsager coefficients of the
Brownian Carnot cycle.
Firstly we introduce the Onsager relations
of a general linear irreversible heat engine~\cite{VB}.
Let us consider that the heat engine is working under an external
force $F$ and a small temperature difference $\Delta T$.
The work performed against the external force $F$ is defined as $W=-Fx$,
where $x$ is the thermodynamically conjugate variable of $F$. In the limit
of the small temperature difference $\Delta T \to 0$, we can
define a thermodynamic force $X_1=F/T_\mathrm{c}\simeq F/T$ where
$T\equiv (T_\mathrm{h}+T_\mathrm{c})/2$ and its conjugate flux as $J_1=\dot{x}$.
We also define the inverse temperature difference $1/T_\mathrm{c}-1/T_\mathrm{h}\simeq \Delta T/T^2$ as another thermodynamic
force $X_2$ and the heat flux
from the hotter heat reservoir $\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}$ as its conjugate flux
$J_2$. Moreover, we assume that the Onsager relations
hold for these fluxes and forces as~\cite{O,GM}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&J_1=L_{11}X_1+L_{12}X_2,\label{eq.23}\\
&&J_2=L_{21}X_1+L_{22}X_2,\label{eq.24}
\end{eqnarray}
where $L_{ij}$'s are the Onsager coefficients with the symmetry relation $L_{12}=L_{21}$.

To write down the Onsager relations for the Brownian Carnot cycle,
we need to choose the thermodynamic fluxes and forces for it.
A typical way for choosing them is to consider the total entropy production rate $\dot{\sigma}$
during one cycle. Because the system entropy $S$ does not change after
one cycle as $\sum_{i=A}^{D}\Delta S^{(i)}=0$, only the entropy
increase in the reservoirs contributes to $\dot{\sigma}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{\sigma}\equiv -\frac{\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}}{T_\mathrm{h}}-\frac{\dot{Q}_\mathrm{c}}{T_\mathrm{c}}=-\frac{\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}}{T_\mathrm{h}}-\frac{\dot{W}-\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}}{T_\mathrm{c}}.\label{eq.25}
\end{eqnarray}
In the linear response regime $\Delta T \to 0$, $\dot{\sigma}$ can be
approximated as
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{\sigma}\simeq \frac{-W}{T}\cdot
\frac{1}{(\alpha+1)t_{A}}+\frac{\Delta T}{T^2}\cdot \dot{Q}_\mathrm{h},\label{eq.26}
\end{eqnarray}
where we define $\alpha\equiv t_{C}/t_{A}$ as the ratio of $t_{C}$ to $t_{A}$ and
we have neglected the higher terms like $O(\Delta T \dot{W})$ and
$O(\Delta T^3\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h})$, whose reason will be clarified later.
The expression $\dot{\sigma}=J_1X_1+J_2X_2$ by the linear irreversible thermodynamics
leads to the decomposition of the thermodynamic forces as
\begin{eqnarray}
X_1\equiv \frac{-W}{T},\ \label{eq.27}
X_2\equiv \frac{\Delta T}{T^2}
\end{eqnarray}
and their conjugate fluxes as
\begin{eqnarray}
J_1\equiv \frac{1}{(\alpha+1)t_{A}}, \ J_2\equiv \dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}.\label{eq.28}
\end{eqnarray}
As is clear from these definitions for the thermodynamic fluxes and
forces, we understand that the higher terms like $O(\Delta T \dot{W})$ and
$O(\Delta T^3\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h})$ do not contribute to
the entropy production rate $\dot{\sigma}$ in the linear response regime $\Delta T \to 0$. That's why we
neglected them in Eq.~(\ref{eq.26}).
By using these definitions for the thermodynamic fluxes and forces, we can write down the Onsager relations of the
Brownian Carnot cycle as
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{(\alpha+1)t_{A}}&&=L_{11}\frac{-W}{T}+L_{12}\frac{\Delta T}{T^2},\label{eq.29}\\
\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}&&=L_{21}\frac{-W}{T}+L_{22}\frac{\Delta T}{T^2}.\label{eq.30}
\end{eqnarray}

Now we calculate the Onsager coefficients $L_{ij}$'s.
First we calculate $L_{11}$ and $L_{21}$ as follows.
By using a scaled variable $s\equiv
t/t_{A}$ $(0 < s < 1)$ instead of $t$ ($0 < t < t_{A}$) during the isothermal step (A),
$W_\mathrm{irr}^{(A)}$ in Eq. (\ref{eq.11}) becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
W_\mathrm{irr}^{(A)}=\frac{1}{t_{A}}\frac{1}{4\mu}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{(\frac{d\tilde{w}^{(A)}}{ds})^2}{\tilde{w}^{(A)}}ds\equiv
 \frac{A_\mathrm{irr}}{t_{A}},\label{eq.31}
\end{eqnarray}
where we call $\tilde{w}^{(A)}(s)\equiv w^{(A)}(t)$ the protocol shape.
In Eq.~(\ref{eq.31}), we have divided $W_\mathrm{irr}^{(A)}$ into the part proportional
to the functional of the protocol shape $A_\mathrm{irr}$ and
the duration $t_A$.
$W_\mathrm{irr}^{(C)}$ during the isothermal step (C) in
Eq.~(\ref{eq.11}) can also be divided as
\begin{eqnarray}
W_\mathrm{irr}^{(C)}=\frac{1}{t_{C}}\frac{1}{4\mu}\int_{0}^{1}\frac{(\frac{d\tilde{w}^{(C)}}{ds})^2}{\tilde{w}^{(C)}}ds\equiv
 \frac{C_\mathrm{irr}}{t_{C}}\label{eq.32}
\end{eqnarray}
by using a scaled variable
$s\equiv (t-t_{A})/t_{C}$ ($0 < s < 1$) instead of $t$ ($t_{A} < t < t_{A}+t_{C}$)
and $\tilde{w}^{(C)}(s)\equiv w^{(C)}(t)$.
Then Eq.~(\ref{eq.11}) can be expressed by using Eqs.~(\ref{eq.31}) and (\ref{eq.32}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
W=-\frac{1}{t_{A}}\Bigl(A_\mathrm{irr}+\frac{C_\mathrm{irr}}{\alpha}\Bigr)+\Delta
 T\Delta S\label{eq.33}.
\end{eqnarray}
By putting
$\Delta T=0$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq.33}), we can obtain the relation
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{(\alpha+1)t_{A}}=\frac{T}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}\cdot
\frac{-W}{T},\label{eq.34}
\end{eqnarray}
which determines the coefficient
$L_{11}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
L_{11}=\frac{T}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}.\label{eq.35}
\end{eqnarray}
$\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}$ at $\Delta T=0$ can also be calculated by using
Eqs.~(\ref{eq.13}) and (\ref{eq.34}) as
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}=\frac{T^2\Delta
S}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}\cdot
\frac{-W}{T}-\frac{A_\mathrm{irr}}{(\alpha+1){t_{A}}^2},\label{eq.36}
\end{eqnarray}
where the second term can be neglected because it is $O(W^2)$ quantity from Eq.~(\ref{eq.34}). Then
the coefficient $L_{21}$ can be determined as
\begin{eqnarray}
L_{21}=\frac{T^2\Delta S}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}.\label{eq.37}
\end{eqnarray}
Next we calculate $L_{12}$ and $L_{22}$ likewise. Putting $W=0$ in Eq.~(\ref{eq.33}),
we obtain the relation
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{1}{(\alpha+1)t_{A}}=\frac{T^2\Delta
 S}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}
\cdot \frac{\Delta T}{T^2},\label{eq.38}
\end{eqnarray}
which determines the coefficient $L_{12}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
L_{12}=\frac{T^2\Delta S}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}.\label{eq.39}
\end{eqnarray}
From Eqs.~(\ref{eq.37}) and (\ref{eq.39}), we find that the Onsager
symmetry relation $L_{21}=L_{12}$ surely holds as expected.
$\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}$ at $W=0$ thus becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}=\frac{T^3{\Delta
 S}^2}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}\cdot
 \frac{\Delta T}{T^2}-\frac{A_\mathrm{irr}}{(\alpha+1){t_{A}}^2}\label{eq.40}
\end{eqnarray}
from Eqs.~(\ref{eq.13}) and (\ref{eq.38}), where the second term can be
neglected because it is
$O(\Delta T^2)$ quantity from Eq.~(\ref{eq.38}).
Then the last coefficient $L_{22}$ turns out to be
\begin{eqnarray}
L_{22}=\frac{T^3{\Delta S}^2}{\left(A_\mathrm{irr}+C_\mathrm{irr}/{\alpha}\right)(\alpha+1)}.\label{eq.41}
\end{eqnarray}
Note that these Onsager
coefficients satisfy the constraints $L_{11}\ge 0$, $L_{22}\ge 0$ and
$L_{11}L_{22}-L_{12}L_{21}\ge 0$ which come from the positivity of the
entropy production rate $\dot{\sigma}$. We also note that
although they are expressed in
terms of $\tilde{w}$'s through $A_\mathrm{irr}$ and
$C_\mathrm{irr}$, we could easily switch to the $\lambda$ representation
by solving the differential equation Eqs.~(\ref{eq.7}) and (\ref{eq.8}) explicitly and substituting the solutions $\tilde{w}$'s
into $A_\mathrm{irr}$ and $C_\mathrm{irr}$.
\section{Discussion}
Now that we have calculated the Onsager coefficients of the Brownian Carnot
cycle in Sec.~III, we will discuss physical implications of
them in this Section.
To see how the Onsager relations are used to describe the efficiency and
the power of the Brownian Carnot cycle, we introduce the general theory to
describe the heat engines governed by the Onsager relations developed
in~\cite{VB} as follows.
Generally the power $P$ and the efficiency $\eta$ of the linear
irreversible heat engine are expressed as
\begin{eqnarray}
P&&=\dot{W}=-F\dot{x}=-J_1X_1T,\label{eq.42}\\
\eta&&=\frac{\dot{W}}{\dot{Q}_\mathrm{h}}=-\frac{J_1X_1T}{J_2},\label{eq.43}
\end{eqnarray}
respectively.
When $X_2$ determined by the reservoir's temperatures and the Onsager
coefficients $L_{ij}$'s are given, we can see that only $X_1$ determines the power
$P$ and the efficiency $\eta$. Since $X_1$ at the maximal power is given
by $\partial
P/\partial X_1=0$, we obtain $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ as
\begin{eqnarray}
\eta_\mathrm{max}=\frac{\Delta T}{2T}\frac{q^2}{2-q^2},\label{eq.44}
\end{eqnarray}
where $q$ is defined as
\begin{eqnarray}
q\equiv \frac{L_{12}}{\sqrt{L_{11}L_{22}}},\label{eq.45}
\end{eqnarray}
which is called the coupling strength parameter. Taking into account
the restriction
$-1 \le q \le 1$ due to $L_{11}L_{22}-L_{12}L_{21}\ge 0$ which comes from the positivity of the entropy
production rate $\dot{\sigma}$, $\eta_\mathrm{max}$ becomes the upper
bound
\begin{eqnarray}
\eta_\mathrm{max}=\frac{\Delta T}{2T}=\eta_\mathrm{CA}+O(\Delta T^2)\label{eq.46}
\end{eqnarray}
when
the tight coupling condition $|q|=1$ is satisfied.

As seen from Eqs.~(\ref{eq.31}) and (\ref{eq.32}), we have shown that when we consider a protocol
$w^{(i)}(t)$ by separating it into its shape
$\tilde{w}^{(i)}(s)$ and its duration
$t_i$, the Onsager coefficients Eqs.~(\ref{eq.35}), (\ref{eq.37}),
(\ref{eq.39}) and (\ref{eq.41}) of the Brownian Carnot cycle contain the information of
the protocol shape through $A_\mathrm{irr}$ and $C_\mathrm{irr}$ and the thermodynamic flux
$J_1$ is the inverse of the one-cycle period $(\alpha+1)t_{A}=t_{A}+t_{C}$.
The remarkable feature is that as easily confirmed, they
satisfy the
tight coupling condition
$|q|=1$, independently of the protocol shape, which
means that the efficiency at the maximal power is always the CA
efficiency. As we have shown above, this result is derived when the
power is maximized by changing the thermodynamic force $X_1$.
However, $X_1$ corresponds to $J_1$ via Eq.~(\ref{eq.29}) at the fixed temperatures
and protocol shape.
Therefore, we can consider that changing $X_1$ is equivalent to changing
$J_1$ or the one-cycle period.
This leads to the result that in the present model of the Brownian
Carnot cycle, the efficiency at the maximal power is always the CA
efficiency when the power is maximized by changing only the one-cycle
period with the protocol shape fixed.
If the above feature of the Onsager coefficients is common to various
heat engines, our result may explain the appearance of the CA efficiency
found in ~\cite{CA,IO,IO2,IO3}, where the power is maximized by
changing only the one-cycle period without choosing the
optimal protocol shape realizing the true maximal power.

The relation to the study by Schmiedl and Seifert~\cite{SS} reviewed in
Sec.~II can be understood as follows.
Though in Eq.~(\ref{eq.46}), we have seen that the efficiency at the maximal power
$\eta_\mathrm{max}$ under an arbitrary protocol shape is $\eta_\mathrm{CA}$,
the maximal power $P_\mathrm{max}$ should be lower than the true maximal
power on the space of all protocol shapes. Here let us consider the further
maximization of $P_\mathrm{max}$ obtained from the Onsager relations.
Maximizing the power Eq.~(\ref{eq.42}) by changing $X_1$, the maximal
power $P_\mathrm{max}$ is given by
\begin{eqnarray}
P_\mathrm{max}=\frac{L_{22}{\Delta T}^2}{4T^3}.\label{eq.47}
\end{eqnarray}
We notice that $L_{22}$ still depends on $\alpha$, $A_\mathrm{irr}$ and $C_\mathrm{irr}$.
Then we can further maximize this $P_\mathrm{max}$ by minimizing
the functionals in $A_\mathrm{irr}$ and $C_\mathrm{irr}$ with the
boundary values $w_a$ and $w_b$, and also by changing $\alpha$, which reduces to an inequality
\begin{eqnarray}
P_\mathrm{max}\le \frac{\mu\left(\ln
\sqrt{{w_b}/{w_a}}\right)^2{\Delta
T}^2}{16(\sqrt{w_b}-\sqrt{w_a})^2}.\label{eq.48}
\end{eqnarray}
The equality is realized when $\alpha=1$ and
$A_\mathrm{irr}=C_\mathrm{irr}=(\sqrt{w_b}-\sqrt{w_a})^2/\mu$,
which corresponds to the case of the optimal protocol in Eqs.~(\ref{eq.16}) and (\ref{eq.17}).
The right-hand side of Eq.~(\ref{eq.48}) is the maximal power that the cycle can output in the linear
response regime at given boundary values $w_a$ and $w_b$ and is equal to Eq.~(\ref{eq.21}).
Thus the result in~\cite{SS} can be reproduced from the Onsager relations.
\section{summary}
In summary, we derived the Onsager relations for a Brownian Carnot cycle
working in the linear-response regime.
We considered a protocol by separating it into its shape and its
duration, where we mean by protocol the schedule to change the
potential confining the Brownian particle. Then,
we found that the Onsager coefficients contain
the functionals of the protocol shape to change the
potential and they satisfy the tight
coupling condition, irrespective of whatever protocol shape we choose.
This result implies that we can attain the Curzon-Ahlborn
efficiency when maximizing the power by changing only the one-cycle period under an arbitrary
protocol shape.
In this sense, the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency looks like the
Carnot efficiency because the latter can also be attained irrespective of
whatever protocol shape we choose in the quasistatic limit.
Although we used the harmonic potential to construct the Brownian Carnot cycle,
we believe that our results could also be applied to the models with general potentials
and arbitrary dimensions discussed in~\cite{SS}, where the efficiency at the true maximal
power agrees with the Curzon-Ahlborn efficiency.
We expect that our study will stimulate the further discussion on the
physics of the finite-time heat engines.
\begin{acknowledgements}
The authors thank M. Hoshina and S. Oono for helpful discussions.
This study was financially supported by the Hokkaido University
Clark Memorial Foundation.
\end{acknowledgements}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


I learned a lot about the bones and muscles of the human body in art school. I sometimes forget that this isn't the common level of knowledge. When my son asks questions about bones and muscles in his body he gets answers that most adult have never even heard.
Dec 13, 16 #1459 – Hello?
I learned it from archaeological digs, bit I think even fewer people learn it that way.
Some of us learn about bones by ending up in the ER and having the doctor explain what you broke/sprained/twisted this time.
If you succeed in learning ALL of the bones in the body using this method, you should win an award.


>  > It's far from a myth.  Sun has been open about the fact that they won't give the ASF a TCK license for Java SE in order to protect licensing revenue.
>  different problem, but especially a different question!).
invalideted anyway now by the Sun/Oracle merger.
>  > That said, have you embedded openJDK into a commercial product?


text:
Ekeskogs socken i Västergötland ingick i Vadsbo härad, ingår sedan 1971 i Töreboda kommun och motsvarar från 2016 Ekeskogs distrikt.

Socknens areal är 35,52 kvadratkilometer varav 31,52 land. År 2000 fanns här 138 invånare.  Kyrkbyn Ekeskog med sockenkyrkan Ekeskogs kyrka ligger i socknen.

Administrativ historik
Socknen har medeltida ursprung.

Vid kommunreformen 1862 övergick socknens ansvar för de kyrkliga frågorna till Ekeskogs församling och för de borgerliga frågorna bildades Ekeskogs landskommun. Landskommunen uppgick 1952 i Moholms landskommun som 1971 uppgick i Töreboda kommun. Församlingen uppgick 2002 i Fägre församling.

1 januari 2016 inrättades distriktet Ekeskog, med samma omfattning som församlingen hade 1999/2000.

Socknen har tillhört län, fögderier, tingslag och domsagor enligt vad som beskrivs i artikeln Vadsbo härad. De indelta soldaterna tillhörde Skaraborgs regemente, Södra Vadsbo kompani.

Geografi
Ekeskogs socken ligger sydost om Mariestad med sjön Viken i öster. Socknen är en odlad slättbygd i nordväst med  skogsbygd i sydost.

Fornlämningar
Fossil åkermark har påträffats.

Namnet
Namnet skrevs 1412 Ekescogh och kommer från kyrkbyn och innehåller ekeskogher, 'ekskog'.

Se även
 Ekeskogs församling

Referenser

Noter

Vidare läsning

Externa länkar

Indelningar i Töreboda kommun
Socknar i Vadsbo härad


text:
Q: Как сделать не обязательную для заполнения форму? у меня есть checkbox, который  хочу сделать не обязательным к заполнению, как это можно реализовать. На сколько я понял аргумент required идет к форме по умолчанию. Я пытался передать ему параметр false в самой форме:
CheckBox = forms.CharField(

        widget=forms.CheckboxInput(
            attrs={'type': 'checkbox', 'class': 'contaner__form__BlokcCheckBox_checkbox', 'id': 'checkbox', 'required': 'false'}
        )

    )

Также попробовал так:
CheckBox = forms.CharField(

        widget=forms.CheckboxInput(
            attrs={'type': 'checkbox', 'class': 'contaner__form__BlokcCheckBox_checkbox', 'id': 'checkbox',}
        ),
       required=False
    )

Попытался передать напрямую к input:
<input type="checkbox" required="false">

Но тон также проигнорировался. Поэтому обратился с вопросом к вам.

A: И так отвечаю на вопрос благодаря комментариям.
Предположим, что вам нужно сделать не обязательным поле adrees в вашей форме.
Что нужно сделать:
В классе вашей модели нужно прописать:
Если ваша версия Django < 1.8:
class My_Form(ModelForm):

    address = forms.CharField(required=False)

    class Meta:
        model = My_Class
        fields = ('first_name', 'last_name' , 'address')

Если версия Django  > 1.8:
class My_Form(ModelForm):

    address = forms.CharField(blank=True)

    class Meta:
        model = My_Class
        fields = ('first_name', 'last_name' , 'address')

Также нужно прописать required=False в классе вашей формы:
class My_form(forms.Form):

    address = forms.CharField(

        required=False,

        widget=forms.CheckboxInput(
            attrs={'type': 'text', 'class': 'your_class'}
        )

    )

Ответ частично взят отсюда: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16205908/django-modelform-not-required-field


text:
24 May 2019|In Politics, World News, Education, Headlines, United Kingdom, Brexit 2016, Society|8 Minutes
Why the Conservative Party is losing the battle with voters
By Bradley Goodwin
By its critics and defenders alike, a noted feature of Conservative Party membership is loyalty. Whether it is to the cause of obtaining office for the sons of gentlemen as journalist Peter Hitchens proclaims, or if it's a dedication of the hardworking voter or member who seriously believes a Conservative government is the best thing for their country. Loyalty is a notable trait of affiliation.
Yet, at a time like this it's clear that the Conservatives face an unprecedented scale of abandonment that threatens their survival. The annihilation of over 1300 councillors at the local council elections earlier this month was worse than even the harshest polls were predicting. This famed loyalty is evidently running very thin.
If we are to ask why this is happening, an obvious narrative is the fact that Brexit has not happened. The very presence of EU elections is the sign of that clear fact. We remain in the EU, a key democratic result left unimplemented. In a scenario like this it will be easy to argue that Brexit is the sole problem: once we withdraw from EU membership the Conservatives electoral woes will go away.
This, however, while clearly being a key factor, seems to ignore the larger nature of the political landscape of the past decade.
The Conservative Party has based its political survival on sacrifices. In exchange for the chance of power the Conservatives sacrificed certain social and economic principles its supporters had given their loyalty to. In order to defeat New Labour's grip on parliamentary power, the Conservatives have had to embrace a new 'Compassionate Conservatism' under David Cameron and beyond. One in which liberal attitudes to social policy have been embraced — a testament to this fact being that a Conservative government proposed the gay marriage legislation, approved by Parliament in 2013. Not only this, but a more interventionist foreign policy also came into play that matched the approach of New Labour; such as backing Labour's Iraq War in 2003 and going on to stage its own interventions in Libya and Syria after 2010.
This sacrifice has been politically successful so far but a sacrifice none the less. For example, with the gay marriage legislation over half of Conservative MPs refused to back it, relying on the Opposition for the House of Commons to approve it. In return for such a cost, however, Conservative supporters were getting a Conservative government making the narrative true that the Conservatives were saving them and the rest of the country once again from Labour's approach to the economy that always fails time and time again. And it was a sacrifice that appeared to be worthwhile, with the economic deficit of Labour being cut in half by 2015, and employment at some of its highest ever levels. It was partially this, arguably, that meant the Conservatives could survive the onslaught from UKIP in 2015, with a stark reminder that a vote for UKIP is a vote for Labour and that we couldn't hand the keys to the people who crashed the car in the first place.
But even this economic benefit is proving to no longer be enough. Firstly, Brexit has killed off the Conservatives' upper hand concerning austerity. 2015 made the economy the dominant issue, the mandate on which the Conservatives or Labour would govern. In 2017, the deliverance of Brexit became the reason any of the two parties could claim government. The economy was still important of course, but getting Brexit through was the factor that mattered. Labour hence got away with a full-blooded Marxist economic blueprint — via its promise to fully deliver Brexit, gaining it an increased share of the vote from 2015.
Secondly and even more importantly, even the actual benefits many loyal Conservatives value are being assaulted too. Both foe and particularly friend of the Conservative Party see it as the natural party of business. Low spending, low taxation are a source of pride. However, even this tenet has been assaulted. The tax burden is at its highest levels since 1964. And this source of woe for those wedded to such benefits is set to get worse if the £20bn increase in spending for the NHS is delivered, which the government admits would have to be delivered by tax rises.
Quite simply, it's idealistic to suggest Brexit fatigue is the only issue harming the Conservative Party. The settlement between liberal Conservatism and party loyalty is losing its value. If it's to survive, Brexit is merely a stepping stone to getting to the heart of the crisis. What is needed is more radical. A soul-searching process. It will no longer be enough to ask how much its supporters sacrifice to keep the Conservatives governing. Instead, the leadership needs to ask: What can we offer to convince our supporters that the values to which you are wedded are still at the heart of our governance?
I feel two important themes are key.
Firstly, tax cuts. With Labour showing pride in raising taxes to cover large increases in spending and nationalisation, the Conservatives have a clear focus. By cutting the tax burden the Conservatives can stress an important principle. Support for the Conservatives is a vote for keeping more of what you work for. The Conservatives who are keen on taking freedom from the state and putting money into your pocket.
Secondly, a defence of free speech is much needed. In an era where everyone has an opinion but feels like their opinion is being silenced, the Conservatives can propose a theme of unity. That no matter what side of any debate you are on, the Conservatives are here to defend your liberty, of thought and expression. This is a powerful proposal. It reminds everyone your opinion is valid, and that it is your opinion in virtue of the fact that you hold it.
These proposals may just be the start, but a vital one. If radical action is not taken, there may be no future for the Conservative Party at all.
Brexit Conservatives Labour voters
Bradley Goodwin


GloriLovee . RoySexyLatin. Heaven1Baby. PUDIIN.
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A very soft and wonderfully refreshing single-hop pale ale full of tropical and citrus hop aromatics.
Creation and Providence was brewed with Pilsner malt, Malted Spelt, Purple Karma Barley Flakes and Malted Wheat. Hopped with Styrian Golding and Brewers Gold, it was fermented in one of our oak foeders with a unique blend of yeast originated from a small Belgian brewery. After fermentation, it was moved to stainless where it was dry hopped with a blend of German Huell Melon and Czech Saaz.
Crystal Ship is brewed with pilsner malt, wheat, and rye and hopped with a generous addition of Crystal and Mosaic. It was fermented in an oak Foudre with our house mixed culture.
deer years was brewed with a large portion of malted oats and spelt and hopped with comet, australian summer and styrian golding. it was fermented with a blend of holy mountain and modern times mixed culture brett strains that included a norwegian kveik yeast in oak puncheons line with spanish cedar, where it continued to age for 7 months.
an IPA with Pilsner malt, two row and a generous portion of malted spelt, heavenless was hopped throughout with vic secret, motueka and citra and once again through our hop back with whole leaf citra. it was fermented with one of our favORITE BRITISH STRAINS AND THEN DRY-HOPPED WITH MORE VIC SECRET, MOTUEKA AND CITRA.
Kill of the Grange was brewed with Maris Otter, flaked barley, and a variety of dark specialty malt and hopped lightly with East Kent Goldings. It was fermented cool with one of our favorite strains of yeast of British origin.
Plague of angels is an imperial stout brewed with a large portion of unmalted and malted oats, along with dark roasted specialty malts. Lactose (milk sugar) was added at the end of the boil to balance the dark, roasted character with a subtle sweetness.
Remnant is a 100% Brett Saison, fermented in oak, brewed with a large portion of wheat, and hopped in the mash with citra-milled bract from our friends at ych hops. Milled bract is the low alpha fraction left over in the cryogenic process of making a new product called lupulin powder. this batch of remnant was hopped using cryo citra in the kettle and dry-hopped with amarillo after fermentation. we're very excited to continue exploring the relationship between hops, brett and oak.
Solar Fall was brewed with German Pilsner, Canadian Two Row, and British Golden Promise malts, along with a touch of flaked oats. It was hopped late in the kettle with equal additions of Citra and Comet, and a very large dose of Strata from our friends at Crosby Hops. After fermentation it was heavily dry-hopped with more Strata, Citra & Comet.
inspired by a crisp and refreshing spritz, spaceman bob was brewed with pilsner malt, malted wheat and brewers crystals. it was hopped with strisselspalt and fermented entirely in oak with one of our mixed cultures. the beer was then transferred into a variety of red and white washington wine barrels along with additions of california grapefruit and highland park neighborhood grown mugwort and left to condition for a number of months.
A definitive staff favorite, three fates is our czech-style pilsner brewed with a European heritage varietal barley and Czech saaz hops.
BREWED ONCE A YEAR TO CELEBRATE THE COMING OF WINTER, BONNE NUIT IS A SPECIAL COLLABORATION WITH OUR FRIEND AND BEER-ITUAL ADVISOR, JEROME SEIPP. BONNE NUIT IS BREWED IN THE TRADITION OF BELGIAN STRONG ALES, BUT HOPPED IN THE AMERICAN TRADITION WITH CENTENNIAL, CASCADE AND COLUMBUS. THIS VERSION WAS THEN AGED FOR ONE YEAR IN KENTUCKY BOURBON BARRELS.
sacred geometry is a blend of various oak aged, mixed fermentation beers. after blending, it was racked on top of a large amount of raspberries from spooner farms in puyallup, wa. it went through a secondary fermentation on the fruit in freshly emptied red wine barrels from a winery in snohomish, wa.
SIGNS FOLLOWING IS A BLEND OF OAK AGED, MIXED FERMENTATION BEERS. AFTER BLENDING, IT WENT THROUGH A SECONDARY FERMENTATION IN OAK PUNCHEONS ON TOP OF AN ENORMOUS AMOUNT OF RUBY BRIGHT NECTARINES AND RICH LADY PEACHES GROWN BY OUR FRIENDS AT GILBERT ORCHARDS IN YAKIMA, WA. refermented in the bottle with brettanomyces.
SUNROOM IS A MIXED CULTURE SAISON BREWED WITH NELSON SAUVIN AND FERMENTED IN OAK BARRELS, WHERE IT CONTINUED TO AGE FOR 8 MONTHS. REFEREMENTED IN THE KEG WITH BRETTANOMYCES.
This is the fourth in an ongoing series of oak aged, blended saisons. This blend Incorporates a variety of mixed culture saison fermented in various wine barrels and Aged anywhere between 6-12 months.
DEER YEARS WAS BREWED WITH A LARGE PORTION OF MALTED OATS AND SPELT AND HOPPED WITH COMET, AUSTRALIAN SUMMER AND STYRIAN GOLDING. IT WAS FERMENTED WITH A BLEND OF HOLY MOUNTAIN AND MODERN TIMES MIXED CULTURE BRETT STRAINS THAT INCLUDED A NORWEGIAN KVEIK YEAST IN OAK PUNCHEONS LINE WITH SPANISH CEDAR, WHERE IT CONTINUED TO AGE FOR 7 MONTHS. refermented in the bottle with brettanomyces.
INSPIRED BY A CRISP AND REFRESHING SPRITZ, SPACEMAN BOB WAS BREWED WITH PILSNER MALT, MALTED WHEAT AND BREWERS CRYSTALS. IT WAS HOPPED WITH STRISSELSPALT AND FERMENTED ENTIRELY IN OAK WITH ONE OF OUR MIXED CULTURES. THE BEER WAS THEN TRANSFERRED INTO A VARIETY OF RED AND WHITE WASHINGTON WINE BARRELS ALONG WITH ADDITIONS OF CALIFORNIA GRAPEFRUIT AND HIGHLAND PARK NEIGHBORHOOD GROWN MUGWORT AND LEFT TO CONDITION FOR A NUMBER OF MONTHS. refermented in the bottle with brettanomyces from both holy mountain and highland park.
The hart was brewed with pilsner, Vienna and wheat malt and hopped with loral and French Strisselspalt. It was fermented with a house mixed culture in neutral wine barrels, where it Continued to age for a number of months. refermented in the bottle with brett.
Our czech-style Pilsner brewed with a European heritage varietal of barley and Czech Saaz hops.


A new report from the House of Commons Treasury Committee (Household finances: income, saving and debt) includes recommendations on State pensions and pension tax reliefs.
On State pensions, the Committee says that the State pension triple lock should be replaced by an "earnings-uprating".
The Committee also believes that tax relief is not an effective incentive for vulnerable households and that a flat rate of tax relief should be introduced. The Committee also recommends replacing the lifetime allowance with a lower annual allowance.
According to The Independent, 25 July 2018, a no-deal Brexit could make paying private pensions to retired British expats 'illegal'. The article follows comments to MPs from the Association of British Insurers (ABI).
Huw Evans, ABI's director general, also said that tourists could be forced to pay more for health insurance as they would lose cross-EU insurance cards.
The Pensions Administration Standards Association (PASA), the only independent body dedicated to driving up standards in pensions administration, has published its DC Administration Governance Guidance for administrators, employers and trustees. The guidance will support people in managing responsibilities in the five core areas - Data, Transitions, Decumulation, Reporting and Controls rel="noopener noreferrer" & Procedures.
The Pensions Regulator (TPR) has outlined how authorised master trusts will be supervised, in a draft policy published for consultation.
The supervision of master trusts aligns with TPR's new risk-based approach of proactively overseeing all types of pension schemes, which is being developed rel="noopener noreferrer" as part of the TPR Future change programme.
According to a new report from the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) - 'The audit of defined benefit pension obligations' - there is room for improvement in the audit of pension balances and disclosures in company accounts.
The FRC focussed on the quality of audit of pension balances and related disclosures in 51 of its audit inspections in 2017/18 and found that in almost half, improvement was required in at least one aspect of the audit work, as well as identifying areas of good practice. In many cases the existence of multiple pension arrangements and/or financial and risk management transactions, such as liability-driven investment strategies, partial buy-outs and longevity swaps, have made valuation judgements and their audit complex.
considering whether given the material nature and risks, the audit work rel="noopener noreferrer" on pensions should be explained in the auditor's report.