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Phoenix viral-video arrest puts focus on troubling police escalation incidents nationwide
Scrutiny grows over violent police encounters with the public.
Couple in viral-video arrest confront mayorA Phoenix couple in a video of an arrest that went viral and a community activist have vowed to shut down Mayor Kate Gallego's town hall.Mark Weber/Daily Memphian via AP
Staring down the mayor of Phoenix and its police chief, 12-year-old Savannah Taylor made a confession to the city leaders after a viral cellphone video emerged of police officers screaming profanities and pointing guns at a black man, his pregnant fiancee and their two young children.
Savannah noted that police said the couple's 4-year-old daughter walked out of a Family Dollar store with a doll without paying for it, a seemingly innocuous act that escalated into a major confrontation and led to the girl's parents, Dravon Ames and Iesha Harper, being manhandled by officers and in fear for their lives.
"When I was little, I [have] done things like that," Savannah told the city leaders at an emergency community meeting on June 19. "My grandpa told me that my mom did that when she was little."
Dravon Ames and his pregnant fiancee, Iesha Harper, speak at a news conference, June 17, 2019.
Dravon Ames and his pregnant fiancee, Iesha Harper, speak at a news conference, June 17, 2019.KNXV-TV
As many in the crowd of more than 2,600 chuckled, Savannah's voice turned serious.
"So, can you guys all imagine you guys as little kids doing that with your parents and then being pulled over by a police officer with guns pointed at your face and you're worried whether you're going to lose your life that day or not," the African American girl said. "It's sickening and it's sad. I'm shaking right now cause I can imagine that happening to me and my brother."
The video released by Phoenix police shows Iesha Harper, Dravon Ames and an unnamed woman leaving a store, allegedly with merchandise they didn't pay for.
Savannah Taylor, 12, speaks at a community meeting in Phoenix on June 19, 2019, called by the mayor to address a controversial police confrontation with a black family that was caught on viral cell phone video.
Savannah Taylor, 12, speaks at a community meeting in Phoenix on June 19, 2019, called by the mayor to address a controversial police confrontation with a black family that was caught on viral cell phone video.KNXV-TV
Phoenix incident mirrors national problem
The firestorm over the run-in in Phoenix is the latest in a string of encounters nationwide in which law enforcement officers have been recorded either by citizens with cellphones or their own body cameras engaged in behavior set off by relatively minor incidents.
Cell phone video shows officers from the Phoenix Police Department after sweep-kicking handcuffed Dravon Ames and pointing a gun at a pregnant mother with her two young daughters, May 27, 2019.
Cell phone video shows officers from the Phoenix Police Department after sweep-kicking handcuffed Dravon Ames and pointing a gun at a pregnant mother with her two young daughters, May 27, 2019.Obtained by ABC News
Cell phone video shows officers from the Phoenix Police Department sweep-kicking handcuffed Dravon Ames, May 27, 2019.
Cell phone video shows officers from the Phoenix Police Department sweep-kicking handcuffed Dravon Ames, May 27, 2019.Obtained by ABC News
On March 1, a white police officer in Boulder, Colorado, was caught on cellphone video pulling a gun on a black man picking up trash in his own yard.
The newly released footage shows a Boulder, Colorado, police officer investigating Zayd Atkinson for trespassing as the college student picked up trash.
Four days later, a Miami-Dade officer was recorded pushing a black woman against a fence, grabbing her by the neck and throwing her to the ground after she called 911 to report a neighbor threatening her with a gun. The officer in that case was charged with battery and official misconduct and pleaded not guilty, according to court records.
Cell phone video shows police, some with guns drawn, confronting a black man in Boulder, Colorado, on March 1, 2019, who claimed he was just picking up trash on his own property with a metal trash grabber.
Cell phone video shows police, some with guns drawn, confronting a black man in Boulder, Colorado, on March 1, 2019, who claimed he was just picking up trash on his own property with a metal trash grabber.Vanardo Merchant
On May 4, a 65-year-old black woman was yanked out of her car in Alpharetta, Georgia, berated with profanities and arrested after she allegedly refused to sign a traffic ticket for driving into another lane.
And on April 29, Sacramento police were videotaped chasing down, handcuffing, and placing a "spit mask," over the head of a 12-year-old African-American boy after a security guard claimed he had been panhandling in front of a store.
The department suspended him but he later quit, defending his actions.
(MORE: Police drag 65-year-old woman from car at traffic stop)
Incidents involve white people too
Not all of the incidents have involved black people complaining about abuse at the hands of police.
(MORE: Utah nurse who was arrested says officer was on a 'warpath')
On Jan. 27, 2018, a 30-year-old white man arrested on suspicion of assault died after a body camera video showed five sheriff's deputies wrestling, punching and deploying a stun gun on him in Auburn, Georgia, when he resisted getting out of a patrol car parked at the Barrow County Detention Center.
The Georgia Bureau of Investigation says Charles Williams III was combative on the way to Barrow County Jail.
Barrow County deputies restrain Charles Williams III after being shocked with a stun gun.
Barrow County deputies restrain Charles Williams III after being shocked with a stun gun.Barrow County Sheriff's Office
On July 26, 2017, a white nurse at a Salt Lake City hospital was arrested and forcibly pulled from her emergency room for refusing an officer's request to draw blood from an unconscious patient without a warrant.
In this July 26, 2017, frame grab from video taken from a police body camera and provided by attorney Karra Porter, nurse Alex Wubbels is arrested by a Salt Lake City police officer at University Hospital in Salt Lake City.
In this July 26, 2017, frame grab from video taken from a police body camera and provided by attorney Karra Porter, nurse Alex Wubbels is arrested by a Salt Lake City police officer at University Hospital in Salt Lake City. Salt Lake City Police Department/Courtesy of Karra Porter via AP
And on Aug. 10, 2018, Martha al-Bishara, an 85-year-old immigrant from Syria, was shot in the chest with a stun gun fired by police in Chatsworth, Georgia, when, according to her family, she didn't understand commands to put down a kitchen knife she was using to cut dandelions she intended to cook up.
(MORE: Police use stun gun on 87-year-old Georgia woman who was cutting dandelions)
"If they had calmed down, de-escalated the situation, listened a little bit, we wouldn't be having this issue right now. Unfortunately, that's not what happened," al-Bishara's grandson, Timothy Douhne, a 24-year-old medical student, told ABC News at the time.
The Chatsworth Police Department in Georgia says a communication barrier with the non-English speaking grandmother led to the incident.
A photo released by the Murray County Jail, in Ga. showing Martha Al-Bishara, 87, who was charged with criminal trespass and obstructing an officer, August 10, 2018.
A photo released by the Murray County Jail, in Ga. showing Martha Al-Bishara, 87, who was charged with criminal trespass and obstructing an officer, August 10, 2018.Murray County Jail via AP
Questions about data and training
Experts have raised questions about the training police officers receive in the United States.
"I'm surprised that we don't have many, many more incidents of this nature on a daily basis ...," Maria "Maki" Haberfeld, a professor of police science at John Jay College of Criminal Justice in New York, told ABC News. "We have the shortest training in comparison to any democratic country."
She said some Scandinavian countries, including Finland and Sweden, require recruits to go to a four-year police university before they are assigned to departments. In the United States, the average police academy class lasts 21 weeks, according to the U.S. Department of Justice.
"Most departments are satisfied with a GED or a high school diploma," she said. "We have people who are trained in a very short, basic way that does not give them a fraction of the tools that they would need to have to police in a professional way. To me, it's irresponsible in a democratic society not to give police officers four years at a university."
Haberfeld said additional training on de-escalation and implicit bias, the unconscious act of stereotyping people based on race, generally comes after a scandal.
"There is some sort of high-profile event, and the next thing you know there's like a week of training in de-escalation. It's nonsense," Haberfeld said. "If you are told, 'OK, we have this scandal ... we're doing de-escalation training now,' of course everybody's sitting around rolling their eyes because it's punishment.
"It's not something that is best practices, it's not something that is grounded in empirical research of how policing should be conducted. It's just reaction to a scandal."
The Police Executive Research Forum, or PERF, a policy organization comprised of law enforcement executives from the nation's largest cities and counties, conducted a survey of U.S. police academies in 2015 and found that recruits were given about eight hours of training on each of the topics of de-escalation, crisis intervention, use-of-force policy and the use of electronic control weapons, specifically stun guns.
In this file photo, the newest members of the New York City Police Department are sworn in during their police academy graduation ceremony at the Theater at Madison Square Garden, April 18, 2018, in New York.
In this file photo, the newest members of the New York City Police Department are sworn in during their police academy graduation ceremony at the Theater at Madison Square Garden, April 18, 2018, in New York.Drew Angerer/Getty Images, FILE
Meanwhile, recruits spent 58 hours on firearms training and another 49 hours on defensive tactics, the bulk of which is state-mandated. The DOJ, in its 2013 report, found a similar breakdown: Of the average 840 hours spent on police training, 21 hours were spent on use of force.
In its 2016 report on Guiding Principles of Use of Force, PERF acknowledged "no issue is of greater consequence to the policing profession, or to the communities we serve, than the issue of police use of force."
Determining the number of police escalations is tricky.
Data on use-of-force incidents by police, both in terms of shootings and other escalations, is "scant and incomplete," according to a federal government report on police use of force addressed to President Donald Trump in November 2018.
The paucity of information makes determining whether the incidents are increasing or decreasing difficult.
"The best available evidence reflects high rates of use of force nationally, and increased likelihood of police use of force against people of color, people with disabilities, LGBT people, people with mental health concerns, people with low incomes, and those at the intersections of these groups," the report says. This, combined with a lack of data, "lack of transparency about policies and practices in place governing use of force, and lack of accountability for noncompliance foster a perception that police use of force in communities of color and the disability community is unchecked, unlawful, and unsafe."
Chuck Wexler, executive director of PERF, echoed the sentiment about the perception of negative police interactions in the organization's guiding principles.
"American policing is at a critical juncture. Across the country, community members have been distressed by images of police officers using deadly force in questionable circumstances," he wrote. "These incidents are an infinitesimal fraction of the millions of interactions that take place between the police and the public every week."
Wexler added that "most police officers never fire their guns (except during training) throughout their entire careers, yet they face enormous challenges and risks to their own safety on a regular basis and they perform their jobs admirably."
Four police officers were shot dead in one week in the U.S.
Four police officers were shot dead in one week in the U.S.ABC NEWS
While the number of police escalations is unclear, there is data on race, policing and some aspects of the use of force.
The most current FBI stats show that police officers in the United States made more than 10.5 million arrests in 2017, mostly for drug and property crimes, and driving under the influence. Of the people arrested, 68.9% were white, while 27.2% were black or African American. (In July 2018, 76.5% of the population was white and 13% black or African American, according to Census data).
Nationwide Arrests 2017
Nationwide Arrests 2017ABC Photo Illustration
The Vera Institute of Justice, a New York-based nonprofit that advocates for criminal justice reform, reported earlier this year that black people remain 3.6 times more likely to be incarcerated in local jails nationally than white people. A 2017 study by the Education Week Research Center found that in 43 states and Washington D.C., black students were arrested at their schools at disproportionately high levels compared to white students. In 28 of the states, black students were arrested at school 10% to 20% more than whites, the study found.
And a study released this year by Stanford University's Open Policing Project found that black drivers were 20% more likely to be pulled over by police in routine traffic stops than white drivers.
The Washington Post database on police shootings, which the newspaper has kept close track of since 2015, shows that of the 992 people shot and killed by police in the United States in 2018, 772 were armed with guns, knives or using vehicles as weapons, while 47 were unarmed and 33 were wielding toy guns. The newspaper's data shows that 452 of the people killed were white, 229 were black and 164 were Hispanic.
Retired Wethersfield, Connecticut, police Lt. Kevin Dillon, who runs the police training program L.O.C.K.U.P. -- Law Officers, Combat, Kinetics, Unarmed and Panoply -- said that in the past decade he has instructed about 10,000 officers on the proper procedures for arresting and controlling suspects without needlessly escalating encounters into full-blown confrontations. But he said the overall training of police is inadequate.
"When it comes to training, I seriously still believe law enforcement is significantly undertrained," Dillon told ABC News. "Right now, the average police department maybe gives their officers four hours a year of physical or arrest control skills, maybe eight. So now you have lack of training to give them the skills they need to immediately control somebody, therefore, they're going to go back to primal fighting, which is fist punching in the face and stuff unless they're trained to overcome that.
"The same thing with de-escalation and communication, and implicit bias," he said. "We have to roll those out more on a continual basis, almost like professional development."
Dillon and other experts on policing said the lapses in the training of police are being manifested in numerous encounters like the one in Phoenix, prompting investigations, dismissals, criminal charges against officers and protests by people who have reached a boiling point.
Attempts at change
Demonstrators protest during the disciplinary trial of police officer Daniel Pantaleo in relation to the death of Eric Garner at 1 Police Plaza in New York, June 6, 2019.
Demonstrators protest during the disciplinary trial of police officer Daniel Pantaleo in relation to the death of Eric Garner at 1 Police Plaza in New York, June 6, 2019.Shannon Stapleton/Reuters, FILE
Focus on police escalations, and consequently de-escalations, gained steam over the past several years in the wake of a number of high-profile incidents such as the shooting death of Michael Brown and chokehold death of Eric Garner. Garner's case and others since have been caught on video, with many gaining attention on social media.
Rep. Tim Ryan, D-Ohio, a presidential hopeful, introduced legislation that would require de-escalation training for police departments. The measure, introduced in April, was backed by the Fraternal Order of Police and the NAACP.
Rep. Tim Ryan speaks as former housing secretary Julian Castro looks on during the first night of the Democratic presidential debate on June 26, 2019, in Miami.
Rep. Tim Ryan speaks as former housing secretary Julian Castro looks on during the first night of the Democratic presidential debate on June 26, 2019, in Miami.Joe Raedle/Getty Images
A number of departments around the country have de-escalation policies. Seattle, for instance, requires that "when safe and feasible under the totality of the circumstances, officers shall attempt to slow down or stabilize the situation so that more time, options and resources are available for incident resolution." The department began training its officers on de-escalation in 2014 in response to a consent decree "to address a pattern and practice of excessive use of force by Seattle Police Department officers," the U.S. Department of Justice said.
In 2011, the Department of Justice found that Seattle police officers used force "in an unconstitutional manner" 20% of the time, and that 57% of the times officers used batons it was "unnecessary or excessive."
The DOJ also found that Seattle officers "escalate situations and use unnecessary or excessive force when arresting individuals for minor offenses."
"This trend is pronounced in encounters with persons with mental illnesses or those under the influence of alcohol or drugs. This is problematic because SPD estimates that 70% of use of force encounters involve these populations," the DOJ report reads.
After reforms were put in place, a federal monitor overseeing the Seattle Police Department reported in April 2017 that overall use of force rates were down -- both over the past 28 months and compared to the DOJ investigation period of 2009 through 2011.
"Less-lethal instruments are used infrequently -- with baton use dramatically declining from the time period before and during DOJ's investigation," the federal monitor's report reads.
In 2018, Washington state, under Initiative 940, required that all officers in the state have violence de-escalation training.
Santa Monica, California, also has a de-escalation policy, and its manual states: "It is the policy of this Department that when all of the reasonably known circumstances indicate it is safe, prudent, and feasible to do so, an officer(s) shall attempt to slow down, reduce the intensity, or stabilize the situation so that more time, options and/or resources may become available for incident resolution."
And the New York Police Department last year instituted a $4.5 million training program that focused on implicit bias, "attitudes or stereotypes that can influence our beliefs, actions and decisions, even though we're not consciously aware of them and don't express those beliefs verbally to ourselves or others."
In this file photo, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio and NYPD Commissioner Bill Bratton watch a demonstration of new police guidelines that will be taught to police officers at the Police Academy on December 4, 2014 in New York.
In this file photo, New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio and NYPD Commissioner Bill Bratton watch a demonstration of new police guidelines that will be taught to police officers at the Police Academy on December 4, 2014 in New York.Pool/Getty Images, FILE
One of the methods that departments have adopted over the years to attempt to control the number of police shootings and escalations is a use-of-force continuum, which prescribes appropriate levels of force for different situations.
For instance, in a hypothetical use-of-force continuum from the National Institute of Justice, just the mere presence of an officer is "considered the best way to resolve a situation." After that comes verbalization, starting calm and then potentially increasing in volume, with commands such as "stop."
The continuum cycles through "empty-hand control," "less-lethal methods" and finally, as a last resort, "lethal force."
According to the federal National Institute of Justice, as of 2016 80% of agencies use a continuum in their use of force policies, prescribing appropriate levels of force for different situations.
The Police Executive Research Forum said that's necessary to "challenge conventional thinking on police use of force."
"The preservation of life has always been at the heart of American policing," it added. "Refocusing on that core ideal has never been more important than it is right now."
Specifically, PERF recommends focusing on cases of people with mental illness or those without guns and emphasizes a "critical decision-making model" designed to "train officers how to think more critically about their response to various types of situations."
Interestingly, PERF argues that rigid models such as the use-of-force continuum, the "21-foot rule" -- approximately the distance an adult male can cover before an officer can shoot -- and adages like "we need to draw a line in the sand" can lead to unnecessary consequences.
De-escalation in action
A number of officers have been lauded for showing restraint in the field in recent years, despite threatening situations. For instance, NYPD transit officer Syed Ali did not pull his gun despite being confronted by a group of men in the subway in 2018.
"Life is precious, and going to that weapon is not the first thing we should be thinking about," Ali, who served in the Army, said at the time. "I've been in situations where weapons were used, especially in combat and patrols, and what we're taught is don't go immediately to what you think might happen. Take a second, even the slightest second, and think about it."
Police say two homeless men are under arrest after an incident where a police officer was seen on video fighting off a group of men in a subway station on the Lower East Side.
An officer in Kentucky, Jesse Kidder, a Marine combat veteran, chose not to fire his weapon at a charging murder suspect who was reportedly saying "shoot me." "Law enforcement officers all across the nation have to deal with split-second decisions that mean life or death. I wanted to be absolutely sure before I used deadly force," Kidder said.
And in Philadelphia, dozens of officers were reportedly given awards for defusing tense situations.
But the results of de-escalation and implicit bias training are not entirely clear. Police shootings in Utah dropped after reforms were instituted in 2015, but there were 19 people shot in 2018, according to The Salt Lake Tribune. And in a study in Police Chief magazine, the official publication of the International Association of Police Chiefs, the authors contend that "no empirical evidence exists on the impact of implicit bias training on officer decision-making in the field."
Increased awareness, but incidents still dominate headlines
Just days before video of the Phoenix incident went viral, more than 30 police officers in Memphis, Tennessee, were injured when rocks were hurled at them by community residents protesting the fatal shooting by U.S. Marshals of a black man wanted on attempted murder charges.
Frayser community residents taunt authorities as protesters take to the streets in anger against the shooting of a youth identified by family members as Brandon Webber by U.S. Marshals earlier in the evening, Wednesday, June 12, 2019, in Memphis, Tenn.
Frayser community residents taunt authorities as protesters take to the streets in anger against the shooting of a youth identified by family members as Brandon Webber by U.S. Marshals earlier in the evening, Wednesday, June 12, 2019, in Memphis, Tenn.Jim Weber/Daily Memphian via AP
The unrest appeared to take authorities aback and resulted in them scrambling to calm the community by explaining that the fugitive had allegedly shot a man multiple times in Hernando, Mississippi, earlier this month and stolen the victim's car. Memphis police also said that when cornered, Brandon Webber rammed the stolen car into the marshals' vehicles, then took off running with a gun in his hand.
(MORE: Man killed by US Marshals in Memphis was wanted for armed robbery, shooting)
Webber's shooting followed three controversial police-involved shootings in Memphis, over the past year, of black men after traffic stops spiraled into the use of lethal force. Two of those men died, and one, Martavious Banks, was wounded. Police said Banks, 25, was pulled over on Sept. 17, 2018, by police for undisclosed reasons, but during the stop he suddenly drove off, prompting a chase and eventual shooting.
Like the majority of incidents across the country, there was no video of Banks' shooting. An internal police investigation found that the officers involved in the shooting had either turned off their body cameras and dashboard cameras or failed to activate them. While all the officers involved in the shooting were cleared by the Shelby County District Attorney General Amy Weirich last month, the officer who shot Banks resigned and three others involved in the chase were placed on unpaid suspensions for violating department policy on the use of body cameras.
Duane T. Loynes Sr., an assistant professor of urban studies and Africana studies at Rhodes College in Memphis, said he believes the angry protest over the police shooting of Webber stemmed from a growing mistrust of police.
"It's not like they're acting violently against peace, they're responding to the violence that they experience on an ongoing basis," Loynes told ABC News.
A Memphis police officer looks over a damaged squad car after protesters took to the streets of the Frayser community in anger against the shooting a youth by U.S. Marshals earlier in the evening, Wednesday, June 12, 2019, in Memphis, Tenn.
A Memphis police officer looks over a damaged squad car after protesters took to the streets of the Frayser community in anger against the shooting a youth by U.S. Marshals earlier in the evening, Wednesday, June 12, 2019, in Memphis, Tenn.Mark Weber/Daily Memphian via AP
He said many cities have sought to diversify police forces, thinking it could improve community relations by hiring officers who reflect local demographics.
"It's not about individuals, it's about a system, and it really doesn't matter who's plugged into that system," said Loynes, who has received an Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Grant to study the relationship between black communities and law enforcement. "If the system itself is problematic, you're going to get the same outcome. In fact, when you have black police officers you're still going to get them engaging in pretty hostile actions toward their own black citizens."
On Aug. 11, 2018, a black Baltimore police officer was recorded on cellphone and police body camera video repeatedly punching 26-year-old Dashawn McGrier, who is black, fracturing the man's jaw and inflicting injuries to his nose, ribs and eye socket. Officer Arthur Williams, 26, resigned when authorities opened a criminal investigation.
Williams was convicted of assault earlier this month, according to The Baltimore Sun.
The incident apparently occurred when Williams questioned McGier, who had a previous unpleasant encounter with Williams, according to what his lawyer told ABC News. The video showed McGier telling Williams, "So what? Don't touch me" before the officer attacked him.
The mayor described the encounter as "disturbing" and "demanded answers and accountability" after a video surfaced online.
A Baltimore police officer was suspended on Saturday, Aug. 11, 2018, after he was seen on video repeatedly punching a man who refused to show identification.
A Baltimore police officer was suspended on Saturday, Aug. 11, 2018, after he was seen on video repeatedly punching a man who refused to show identification.@otm.twinchin/Instagram
On Aug. 1, a veteran African American Detroit police officer was caught on cellphone video beating an apparently emotionally disturbed naked woman at a hospital after she struggled with him, spat on him, and allegedly tried to bite him, officials said.
The officer, 47-year-old Dewayne Jones, was immediately suspended and convicted in March of misdemeanor assault, according to the Wayne County District Attorney's office.
The incident happened on Wednesday at Detroit Receiving Hospital.
(MORE: Detroit police officer suspended after video shows him punching naked woman )
An image made from cell-phone video appears to show a Detroit police officer punching a naked and apparently emotionally disturbed woman at Detroit Receiving Hospital, Aug. 1, 2018.
An image made from cell-phone video appears to show a Detroit police officer punching a naked and apparently emotionally disturbed woman at Detroit Receiving Hospital, Aug. 1, 2018.WJBK
Such incidents have also put a focus on how police deal with emotionally disturbed individuals they encounter. A promising new pilot program in Chicago is being hailed as a potentially groundbreaking new tool that uses virtual reality to help police better understand how to handle a subject who is in the midst of psychiatric distress.
A new pilot program in Chicago is being hailed as a potentially groundbreaking new tool that uses virtual reality to help police better understand how to handle a subject who is in the midst of psychiatric distress.
A new pilot program in Chicago is being hailed as a potentially groundbreaking new tool that uses virtual reality to help police better understand how to handle a subject who is in the midst of psychiatric distress.ABC
Loynes contends the incidents caught on video are just a "microcosm" of the scores of episodes that occur in small towns and large municipalities each year that fly under the radar due to lack of visual evidence.
Here are some other incidents ABC News has reported on in the past year that were supported by video and prompted probes and protests:
'Unnecessary' force used
A white Atlanta police sergeant was fired in May after a cellphone video surfaced showing him allegedly yanking a black woman from her car, slamming her to the ground, punching her in the face and deploying a stun gun on her during an arrest in front of her 4-year-old daughter.
Sgt. James Hines of the Atlanta Police Department is pictured in an undated handout photo. He was fired after a cell phone video surfaced showing him body slamming, punching and deploying a stun gun on a woman during a May 1, 2019, incident.
Sgt. James Hines of the Atlanta Police Department is pictured in an undated handout photo. He was fired after a cell phone video surfaced showing him body slamming, punching and deploying a stun gun on a woman during a May 1, 2019, incident.Atlanta Police
All charges against the woman, Maggie Thomas, were dropped after the video of the incident surfaced. The woman and her attorney had both called for Sgt. James Hines to be fired.
In a statement released to ABC News, Atlanta police officials said they were made aware of the incident on May 10, and launched an investigation that led to the sergeant's dismissal and a recommendation from the police to prosecutors to drop the charges against Thomas.
Thomas said she was just sitting in her car in the parking lot of her apartment complex when Hines approached her and began grilling her about who owned the car and warning her not to drive the vehicle because it was not insured. Hines wrote in his report, which was released by officials, that Thomas became "agitated" and told him, "There shouldn't be a white officer harassing her," and asked for the name of his supervisor.
He left, but then almost immediately went back when he learned Thomas had an alleged warrant for failing to appear in court for a speeding ticket. In the second encounter, the situation escalated into the violent arrest caught on cell-phone video.
"Following its investigation, the Office of Professional Standards determined that the force used during the arrest was unnecessary and inconsistent with Atlanta Police Department training. Subsequently, Sergeant Hines was dismissed from employment on May 17, 2019," police officials said in a statement.
A white Atlanta police sergeant was fired after a cell phone video surfaced showing him allegedly yanking a black woman from her car and deploying a stun gun.
All over a Crock-Pot
A dispute between former friends on Aug. 17 over a borrowed Crock-Pot led to a confrontation at a backyard barbecue in Michigan in which police deployed a stun gun on a father as he held his 2-month-old baby, an incident recorded by a witness in a cellphone video that went viral.
Ray Brown, 33, was shot with a stun gun multiple times and arrested on suspicion of a slew of charges, including resisting arrest, neglect of a minor and assault and battery of a police officer in the incident in the Detroit suburb of Westland, police said.
"When the man knew he was going to be arrested, he grabbed the child from another person's arms. The man was told several times by the officers and the baby's mother to give the baby back to her, but he refused," Westland Police Chief Jeff Jedrusik said during a news conference shortly after the incident.
Ray Brown, 33, holding his 2-month-old baby just before police in Westland, Michigan, tased him on Aug. 17 outside his home.
Ray Brown, 33, holding his 2-month-old baby just before police in Westland, Michigan, tased him on Aug. 17 outside his home.Courtesy Kelvin Williams
"The officers indicated in their report that the man was aggressive and was gripping the child so tightly that they feared the man might actually be hurting the child," he said.
Jedrusik said the officers were left with limited options and in the quickly escalating episode, chose to deploy a stun gun.
But the baby boy's mother, Nicole Skidmore, 28, told ABC News at the time that police deployed the stun gun on Brown at least three times and handcuffed him once they had him on the ground.
"I think they were way out of line," Skidmore said. "They could have handled the situation differently because my son was in his arms. They didn't care about my son."
"Something should be done to them for what they've done. They didn't care about my son at all," the baby's mother told ABC affiliate WXYZ.
Baby ripped from mom's arms
New York City police officers and two city Human Resources Administration officer came under fire in December 2018 after a "troubling" video surfaced showing them ripping a baby from the arms of a mother who had waited at a social services office for hours seeking help, police and the woman's relatives said.
Jazmine Headley, 23, had her year-old son Damone was taken from her by force at a social service office in Brooklyn.
Jazmine Headley, 23, had her year-old son Damone was taken from her by force at a social service office in Brooklyn.Obtained by ABC News
Jazmine Headley, 23, said she was arrested when she ignored orders to get up from the floor, where she was sitting because she couldn't find an empty seat. Headley was charged with resisting arrest, committing an act in a manner injurious to a child, criminal trespass and obstruction of governmental administration, according to the NYPD. All charges were eventually dropped.
In February, city HRA Commissioner Steven Banks said one of the HRA officers involved in the arrest resigned, and another is in the process of being terminated. An internal NYPD probe found no wrongdoing on the part of the officers.
(MORE: 'Disturbing' video shows NYPD officers ripping baby from mother's arms)
Headley was later released from Rikers Island jail after the video of the incidents emerged and city politicians, including Brooklyn Borough President Eric Adams, a former New York City cop, demanded an investigation.
Banks said in a statement that he had ordered officers and staff to undergo refresher de-escalation training to "better" diffuse situations "before the NYPD is called for assistance."
Headley testified before the New York City Council in February, asking that reforms be made so no one else will endure what she went through.
"It's not just the fact that I was arrested," Headley told the council. "It was the harsh way that I was treated by people who are supposed to help me."
Jazmine Headley was arrested on charges of resisting arrest, committing an act in a manner injurious to a child, criminal trespass and obstruction of governmental administration, according to NYPD.
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How Long After a Houston, TX Accident Can I Seek Compensation for My Injuries?
Brian White | June 29, 2021 | Car Accidents
The Texas statute of limitations places deadlines on personal injury lawsuits. If you do not file your lawsuit before the deadline, you lose your right to pursue a claim for damages through the court. In most personal injury cases in Texas, the victim has two years from the injury date or accident date to file a lawsuit.
However, as with most laws, there are exceptions to the general rule. Therefore, accident victims should never assume they have the full two years to file a lawsuit or injury claim. Likewise, there could be situations in which a person might have longer than two years to file a personal injury lawsuit.
Does the Statute of Limitations Apply in All Accident Cases?
The following are some examples of personal injury cases in which statutes of limitations apply:
Accidents involving motor vehicles, including collisions involving pedestrians, passenger cars, buses, commercial trucks, bicyclists, and motorcycles
Premises liability claims, such as swimming pool accidents, slip and fall accidents, dog bites, and staircase accidents
Injuries involving defective products, including medical devices, dangerous drugs, children's toys, and household appliances
Claims related to elder abuse and nursing home abuse and neglect
Claims related to workplace accidents, including construction accidents, maritime accidents, and oil rig accidents
Medical malpractice and negligence
Each state sets its own statute of limitations for accident claims and personal injury cases. Therefore, always make sure you refer to Texas laws when checking for deadlines to file accident claims.
What Are the Exceptions to the Statute of Limitations?
Several exceptions exist for the two-year statute of limitations for most accident cases.
For example, the deadline for filing a personal injury lawsuit is delayed if the victim is a child. The statute of limitations does not begin to run in child injury cases until the child reaches 18 years of age.
A child does not have legal standing to file a lawsuit. In most cases, parents or legal guardians file personal injury lawsuits for children.
However, the law recognizes that a parent may choose not to file a claim. Therefore, a person injured as a child has until their 20th birthday to file a personal injury lawsuit.
The statute of limitations may also be tolled when a person has a physical or mental impairment that prevents them from filing a personal injury lawsuit.
There is also an exemption for individuals who might not immediately know about their injury. Under the "Discovery Rule," the statute of limitations may begin when the person discovers or should have reasonably discovered the injury. The victim has the burden of proving that a reasonable person would not have discovered the injury or harm any earlier. They must also prove that the event was the direct and proximate cause of the injury they discovered.
Claims involving government entities also have special rules. Even though the two-year deadline for filing lawsuits may apply, you must file a Notice of Claim within just a few months of the date of injury. For example, the City of Houston requires the notice of claim to be filed within 90 days of the injury date.
Failing to file a notice of claim with the correct government entity could result in losing the right to pursue a lawsuit in court.
Never Assume You Have Plenty of Time to File a Personal Injury Lawsuit
It is never wise to try to calculate the filing deadline yourself. There could be circumstances in your case that shorten or lengthen the time you have to file a personal injury lawsuit. Therefore, it is best to discuss your case with a Houston personal injury lawyer as soon as possible after the accident or injury.
An attorney analyzes all factors and circumstances that could impact the deadline for filing claims and lawsuits. Then, the attorney calculates the deadlines based on the applicable sections of the statute of limitations. When you hire an attorney to handle your personal injury case, the attorney monitors filing deadlines to ensure all filings are prepared and submitted to the court or other entity before the deadlines expire.
Why Does the State Place Deadlines on Personal Injury Claims?
The state enforces the statute of limitations in the interest of justice. The deadlines protect all parties to the action.
If a person could sue another person ten or 15 years after an accident, the defendant would be at a disadvantage. Evidence that might have proven the defendant did not cause the victim's injuries might be lost or destroyed. In addition, the memories of eyewitnesses fade over time, so facts and recollections may change.
Placing a deadline on filing claims ensures that victims file injury claims and lawsuits promptly. It also reduces the risk that a person may file a frivolous lawsuit merely to harass another person decades after an accident.
Don't wait too long to talk with a lawyer about your injury case. You run the risk of missing the deadline to file your lawsuit or claim.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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As we close this liturgical year and enter into Advent, the Church invites us to reflect on the coming of Christ at the end of time. For this reason, we hear in the Mass from the Book of Revelations, from the prophecies of Daniel, and from Jesus' own prophetic words. For me, these texts have always seemed to be the most distant and abstract of the Scriptures.
However, my experience in Peru has transformed my prayer with these texts. Before, the images of destruction seemed unreal—even absurd. Now, I see real hope in them. During this pastoral semester in Canto Grande—a heavily populated, industrial district of Lima, Peru—I spend my days bringing Communion to the sick, visiting families in their homes, teaching catechesis to the youth and the adults, and celebrating liturgies in the eighteen chapels of our enormous parish. These ministries have been the context for encountering the concrete hope of the biblical prophecies.
I see the end to the bitter pain of Julio, who lies on a bed tucked away in the back of a house, struggling just to breathe due to an incurable lung disease, unable to communicate with his family. I see the end of the tears of his spouse and his children, who weep with hearts broken by the sight of his struggles, and who long to reunite with him as in the days long past.
I see the end to Nely's struggles who, after physical and emotional abuse inflicted by her husband, suffers from a neurological condition that makes her whole body twitch constantly, along with severely limiting her speech and cognitive abilities. I see the end to the struggles of her three children who have not only seen their father abandon the family, but have been forced to care for and financially support their wounded mother even before they have finished high school.
I see the end to Arturo's frustrations, who struggles to support his family as a mechanic in an impoverished, often violent side of town. I see the end to the fight to raise his son in the faith, despite the son's severe depression and addictions. I see the end to the tension in his marriage due to the lack of money, their insupportable living conditions, and their seeming failure with their son.
I also see the hope in their eyes as we talk about the Good News. Their tension eases as we discuss the ever-constant presence of our Lord, whose grace transforms even our darkest struggles, purifying our hearts as we try to remain faithful in moments of desperation and seeming failure. I see the longing in their eyes, too, for a final resolution to their heart-wrenching problems, knowing that the Lord will transform their crosses into life abundant. I see the hope for the final healing of every infirmity, of every sorrow, of every wounded relationship.
During the academic semester at Notre Dame, I find that my daily prayer with Scripture often runs dry. My mind drifts into abstract concepts from my courses, leading me to ponder questions with little connection to daily life and ministry. Or, my planning for the seemingly endless list of tasks and deadlines of the semester carries me away from prayer altogether.
However, my prayer here in Peru is not the same. Through my experiences, the Scriptures come alive with the names, faces, and concrete struggles of those to whom I minister. Petitions well up within me—for the sick that I have visited, for the grieving families of the parishioners who have died, for the youth struggling with school or relationships, for the single mothers trying to raise their children in the faith in a materialistic world.
Not only that, the Scriptures no longer seem like stories from a distant past or prophecies of a distant future. My experience here opens up the meaning of Scripture, revealing that the biblical texts speak to the same fundamental human struggles with sin and injustice and the same hopeful longing for perfect union with God and with others. Even the Book of Revelation, and perhaps especially, comes alive with meaning and concrete hope.
Without a doubt, this semester has been a graced experience encountering and sharing this hope in the concrete circumstances of life in Canto Grande.
After receiving an undergraduate degree in Philosophy and Speech Communication from Texas A&M University, Zach taught for two years in Houston through Teach for America and then for a year in Nairobi, Kenya. Upon finishing a Master's in Philosophy of Religion at Harvard Divinity School in 2013, Zach entered Holy Cross as a seminarian.


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text:
Дом изобразительных искусств расположен на 7-й улице в центре Лос-Анджелеса, штат Калифорния. Объявлен историко-культурным памятником в 1974 году.

Архитектура
Здание было спроектировано архитекторами Альбертом Рэймонд Уокером и Перси Эйзеном в 1927 году. Это компактный двенадцатиэтажный блок H-образной планировки с облицовкой квадратными плитами из светлого камня.

Фасад разделён на три части по высоте и в целом имеет трапециевидный профиль. Разделение на три горизонтальных части, повторяет классический приём эпохи Возрождения в части в различных нижней, средней и верхней секций. Как и его древние итальянские модели-аналоги, ряд элементов фасада, будучи ближе к глазу смотрящего, украшены изысканным декором.

Нижний фасад подчеркивает большой вход — портал, с округлой аркой, высотой в два этажа. Этот глубокий, растопыренный проход имеет арочные перемычки, украшенные «растительным» орнаментом. Стены под огромной аркой имитируют завитки акантовых листьев из терракотовых рельефов.

Галерея

Ссылки

Здания и сооружения, построенные в 1925 году в США
Здания и сооружения Лос-Анджелеса

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Many strong reasons for studying children's literature are shaped by the objectives, values, beliefs, and salable skills of the discipline in which the coursework is seated, but all courses across the wide educational spectrum share elements that invite us to the study of children's literature. Once we choose to accept the invitation, reward us generously for the cleverness of our choice.
First and foremost, a study of children's literature brings into focus personal taste and beauty. This is true for any course in literature and no less true for children's literature.
Entangled with the question of taste is one of cultural privileging. A study of children's literature introduces students to a body of aesthetically challenging works that frequently go missing from other literature courses and from what is generally characterized as the canon.
This dissident aspect of the academic field of children's literature references its origin. Books and texts for children attracted scholarly attention at a transitional moment in education, during a time of strenuous academic debate about the value of hierarchies, such as the literary canon. The field of children's literature retains in varying degrees some measure of the revolutionary spirit of those teachers who pointed out the inseparability of universal standards and systems of canonization from ideological and historical bias. Through engagement with literary works of outstanding merit that tend to be marginalized by the traditional academic model or in traditionally based curricula, students are introduced to competing narratives of literary history and to divergent views about the social and personal uses of reading.
Children's literature also offers students a distinctive critical position—a doubled or overlapping perspective consisting of one's own reactions and impressions and a set of reactions and impressions one simultaneously conceives might belong to a child reader. This is true, however one understands "the child" or childhood: whether as a cultural construct, a unique existential mode of being with cognitive and conative abilities specific to itself, or as something else. By bringing the paradigm of "the child" into view, a course in children's literature provides the student with a range of complex, interrelated discourses. Indeed, it invites one to consider and respond to questions at the heart of human culture: what are our responsibilities to children and to the future? What will equip young people for meaningful lives filled with rewarding experiences, enriching relationships, learning, intellectual and emotional growth and self-understanding? What is the best kind of society to enable a healthy and happy future for all children? These are questions that enhance capacity for informed citizenship and critical thought.
The separate disciplines hold out additional powerful reasons for studying children's literature. A literary approach to children's literature enables the student to read accomplished works created within a matrix of constraints and procedures otherwise thought inimical to the composition of belles lettres: texts of great virtuosity, moral complexity and emotional force that expressly avoid sophisticated diction, complex sentences, self-conscious connections to a corpus of modern and traditional literature, and appeal to length of experience in the world or the reader's mature sense of a finished self. It enables students to contemplate the myths that society deems most pressing or most deserving of passing on to the next generation.
Children's literature also enables students to read and study texts that rely in part or in whole on pictorial narratives, as well as book design, typography and the blurring of distinctions between textual and paratextual elements, thereby encouraging students to cultivate visual and tactile as well as verbal literacies. Students studying to be teachers learn how books might match up to reading levels and the developmental stages in a child's life, and how they might impact the lives of children in profound and beneficial ways, while those studying children's literature within a program in childhood studies examine historical, sociological, psychological and anthropological definitions of childhood, and how they ramify within human culture. Students in a course of library science learn the practices and applications by which younger readers might be introduced to the world's vast and unruly output of reading for children, and how they might be assisted in navigating their own way through a maze of texts or brought with open minds to the frontier of symbolic thought.
Of course, this last area is also of broader interest. While dreams, movies and television relentlessly envelop children in imaginative realities, reading often represents a child's first opportunity to reflect in a focused way on the means by which symbols are created, how symbolic thought is culturally effectuated and directed. When we study children's literature, regardless of the discipline in which we are situated, we grasp the many complex avenues through which society reflects on the operations of symbolic thought, and thus perhaps on the origins of being human.


text:
Ben Stoneham
Lord Stoneham of Droxford
Ben Stoneham has been a Lib Dem Peer since 2011
Born in Kent and educated at Cambridge and Warwick Universities, he spent most of his career in the newspaper industry as Managing Director of a local newspaper company and Operations Director with News International. He has had a strong interest in housing and regeneration, currently chairing the Housing 21 Group.
His proudest achievement was chairing The Portsmouth Harbour Renaissance Project completed in 2005, which regenerated the harbour frontages of Portsmouth and Gosport , providing new job opportunities for local people and developing a modern image for that City.
In the Lords, Ben is the front bench spokesperson for the Liberal Democrats on Business, Innovation and Skills. He is a strong supporter of improving apprenticeship opportunities and strengthening technical training to strengthen the competitive advantage of the UK.
After entering the House of Lords as a Lib Dem peer Ben has become the Lib Dem spokesperson on Business, Innovation and Skills having previously specialised in housing, the media and regeneration.
He is proudest of the Lib Dems' efforts within the Coalition to strengthen the competitive advantage of British industry through improving the technical training of our young people and the great growth of apprenticeships. He is committed to Britain being at the heart of a reformed Europe.
He was a member of the House of Lords Select Committee on the Legacy of the Olympics and Para-Olympics which reported in November 2013.
In 2015 he was made Liberal Democrat Spokesperson for Business, Innovation and Skills. In October 2016 he took on the the role of Chief Whip in the House of Lords.
Email: stonehamb@parliament.uk
Address: House of Lords
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text:
Q: ERROR during trainning model with dgl: recordStream only works when TensorAdaptor is available I encountered strange error while training my MLP model. I have no clue what to change nor how to fix it.
First I've ran it in conda env with follow packages:
- cudatoolkit=11.3
- cudnn=7.6.5
- python=3.7.4
- python-dateutil=2.8.0
- pip=19.2.3
- pytorch=1.11.0
- torchvision==0.12.0
- torchaudio==0.11.0
- pillow==6.1
- dgl-cuda11.3
- numpy=1.19.2
- matplotlib=3.1.0
- tensorboard=1.14.0
- tensorboardx=1.8
- future=0.18.2
- absl-py
- networkx=2.3
- scikit-learn=0.21.2
- scipy=1.3.0
- notebook=6.0.0
- h5py=2.9.0
- mkl=2019.4
- ipykernel=5.1.2
- ipython=7.7.0
- ipython_genutils=0.2.0
- ipywidgets=7.5.1
- jupyter=1.0.0
- jupyter_client=5.3.1
- jupyter_console=6.0.0
- jupyter_core=4.5.0
- plotly=4.1.1
- scikit-image=0.15.0
- requests==2.22.0
- tqdm==4.43.0

I got below error:
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "main_COLLAB_edge_classification.py", line 578, in <module>
    main()
  File "main_COLLAB_edge_classification.py", line 573, in main
    train_val_pipeline(MODEL_NAME, dataset, params, net_params, dirs)
  File "main_COLLAB_edge_classification.py", line 308, in train_val_pipeline
    epoch_train_loss, optimizer, train_loader, val_loader, test_loader = train_epoch(model, optimizer, device, graph, train_edges, params['batch_size'], epoch, dataset, 4, monet_pseudo)
  File "E:\link-prediction-V2\benchmarking\train\train_COLLAB_drnl_edge_classification.py", line 63, in train_epoch_sparse
    for subgs, _ in train_loader:
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\dataloading\dataloader.py", line 512, in __next__
    self._next_non_threaded() if not self.use_thread else self._next_threaded()
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\dataloading\dataloader.py", line 507, in _next_threaded
    exception.reraise()
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\utils\exception.py", line 57, in reraise
    raise exception
dgl._ffi.base.DGLError: Caught DGLError in prefetcher.
Original Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\dataloading\dataloader.py", line 380, in _prefetcher_entry
    batch, feats, stream_event = _prefetch(batch, dataloader, stream)
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\dataloading\dataloader.py", line 338, in _prefetch
    batch = recursive_apply(batch, _record_stream, current_stream)
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\utils\internal.py", line 1038, in recursive_apply
    return [recursive_apply(v, fn, *args, **kwargs) for v in data]
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\utils\internal.py", line 1038, in <listcomp>
    return [recursive_apply(v, fn, *args, **kwargs) for v in data]
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\utils\internal.py", line 1040, in recursive_apply
    return fn(data, *args, **kwargs)
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\dataloading\dataloader.py", line 307, in _record_stream
    x.record_stream(stream)
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\heterograph.py", line 5605, in record_stream
    self._graph.record_stream(stream)
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\heterograph_index.py", line 290, in record_stream
    return _CAPI_DGLHeteroRecordStream(self, to_dgl_stream_handle(stream))
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\_ffi\_ctypes\function.py", line 188, in __call__
    check_call(_LIB.DGLFuncCall(
  File "F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\_ffi\base.py", line 65, in check_call
    raise DGLError(py_str(_LIB.DGLGetLastError()))
dgl._ffi.base.DGLError: [12:02:11] C:\Users\Administrator\dgl-0.5\src\runtime\ndarray.cc:284: Check failed: td->IsAvailable(): RecordStream only works when TensorAdaptor is available.

I've tried to change versions of cuda and also dgl packages (downgrade and upgrade), but without any luck. Next I decied to quit from conda env and run it using python (which worked for me before) and got same issue. Could you give me any hints that will help to solve my problem.

A: References to F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages\dgl\ imply that you have used pip install --user, which is not recommended for Conda users because it leads to confusing situations like this. Packages installed at user-level take precedence (see this thread for details) and are not necessarily compatible with other packages in the environment.
Consider removing all packages in F:\Aga\Python38\lib\site-packages and ensure that all the packages you require are installed in the Conda environment.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The skin is the largest human organ as a result its functions are numerous and critical. The basic functions of the skin include: 1. The skin functions as the initial barrier from external infections preventing dangerous disease causing micro-organisms from getting into the body. The skin contains specialized cells called Langerhans that engulf foreign invaders. Consequently, keratin layer and sebum provide waterproof ability. Melanocytes protect the skin from ultraviolet light 2. The skin functions as a sense organ; with receptors that send signals on the environment regarding changes in: heat, cold, pain and other sensations.
3. The skin regulates body temperature when surrounding conditions get to the extreme e. g. increased temperature during exercise sweat is produced which evaporates to reduce body temperature. 4. The skin functions as an excretory organ excreting water and excess salt in the process of sweating. 5. Vitamin D required in bone development is synthesized in the skin in the presence of sunlight required for the absorption of calcium phosphate. 6. The skin synthesizes pigments in the process called pigmentogenesis for example the synthesis of sebum.
1(b) CHANGES IN SKIN AT OLD-AGE As old age approaches the skin functions decrease by 50-60% due to structural changes. Notable are reduced: vascular network, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, barrier function, vitamin D synthesis and density of Langerhans. The thicknesses of the skin layers comprising the skin also tend to reduce giving the skin pale and translucent appearance. This is also contributed with the reduction in the number of pigment containing cells termed as malanocytes; this increases the risk to injury and ability to maintain body temperature is reduced.
In sun-exposed areas the skin elasticity and strength diminishes, this condition is termed elastosis which is caused changes in the connective tissue in the skin. Increase in fragility of blood vessels of the dermis leads to bruising and bleeding under the skin. There reduction of secretions of oil from the subcutaneous gland especially in females who experience an early onset age stating menopause. Skin dryness increases leading to itchiness due to lack of skin moisture. The ability to keep cool is lowered as the sweat glands ability to produce sweat is reduced; this exposes one to the risk of being overheated or developing heatstroke.
b. The second type is characterized by wounds with moderate to large loss of tissue (more than 25%) of the tissue flap is lost during trauma Category III This skin tear involves complete loss of tissue. The major causes of these conditions include initial trauma and necrotisation of the skin flap. (b) Mrs. Iris White is already aged 83, therefore one of the obvious factors that put her at risk of getting skin tears is the reduction of the thicknesses of the layers comprising the skin this make her prone to even minor bruises on the skin. i.
Since she is unable to cope at her home she might have been exposed to excessive sunshine leading to breakdown of collagen and elastic fibers located on the depth of the skin making her skin fragile. ii. Mrs. White is prone to frequent falls as she moves from one place to another in her living place, puts her great risk of obtaining tears associated with falling. iii. Care activities including bathing, positioning, and transferring her from inside to outside pose a danger of contracting a tear because her already fragile skin is stressed during these processes.
3(a). PREVENTION STRATEGIES To protect thin skin and consequently protect tears and cuts various preventive strategies can be undertaken. Baranosky S (2000). Skin tears, outlines the following strategies: 1. Routine position changes; the principle of this strategy is to prevent mounting pressure on the skin which is less elastic due to reduction in the production of collagen a condition that can make her contact a tear. 2. Wear long-sleeved shirts and long pants; this will reduce direct exposure to radiation from direct sunlight.
Since her skin is already deficient of important pigments e. g. collagen, keratinocytes and fibroblasts minimizing exposure to radiation would reduce the danger of skin tears Mrs. White should take a balanced diet; the biochemical principal is, at her age she has vitamin B9 deficiency that promotes a healthy skin. Therefore foods e. g. liver, asparagus, leafy green vegetables which are rich in foliate and foods rich in omega oils such as fish promote a health skin are encouraged. 3.
Regular skin care, that is, take a warm bath, and gently dry clean her skin, use quality moisturizing cream such as cetapil to keep her skin moisturized. This will reduce friction when her skin comes into contact with an object. However, she not to use bath oils which can cause her to slip and fall. In addition the moisturizing creams should not be heavily perfumed. 4. Skin cracks can be caused by indoor heating thus she should avoid as much as she can. A possible solution is to take warm weather vacations. 3 (b).
Barbara Brillhart, , in the journal preventive skin care for older adults analyses the causes of skin tears among the old in the industrialized countries like Canada, Australia, and the united states where the life expectancy is approximately 80 years. The journal outlines skin changes that occur during progression to adult age and primary prevention strategies to prevent skin tears. In the study, it is estimated that healthcare costs on skin tears hit five billion dollar for an estimated 1. 5 billion patients. The trends are similar in other counties including Canada and the United Kingdom.
The study illustrates the widespread risk of skin related tears among the old and the need for increased home care. Further it's outlined that skin tears can occur allover the body. However, tears that occur at the hand and arm account 80% of all the tears that occur during old age. Causes of skin tears include bumping with object, especially with the sight impaired; whish is the highest cause with other causes for example falls constituting minimal chance. Management strategies include taking a balanced diet, regular skin care, limiting of alcohol with regard to alcoholics and stress management exercises.
The various changes to skin, causes of skin tears, and prevention strategies fit in the conditions surrounding Mrs. White. This journal has outlined the strategies applicable to her situation hence helped with regarding answering these questions. REFERENCES 1. Baranosky S. (2000). Skin tears: The enemy of frail skin advances in skin and wound care, 13, 123-126. 2. Brent Hodgkinson, Rhonda Nay BA, MLitt, (2007). A systematic review of topical skin care in aged care facilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing 16 (1), 129–136.
La Trobe University Bundoora 3. Marth D Mezzy. (2001), Encyclopedia on Elder Care. Springer publishing, Newyork. 4. McGough-Csarny J. , Kopac CA, (1998), Ostomy Wound Management. Health Management Publications. Washington. 5. Davies A. , Clein D. (1999). Skin Complications in the Intensive Care Unit. Elsevier. Ontario 6. Baranoski, S. (2003). How to prevent and manage skin tears. Skin Wound Care; 16:268-70. Ontario. 7. Resnick B. (2003). Health promotion practices of older adults: model testing. 20:2-12. Health Management Publications. Washington.


text:
Breakthroughs: 1940s
"Education is the point at which we decide whether we love the world enough to assume responsibility for it, and by the same token save it from that ruin which, except for renewal, except for the coming of the new and the young, would be inevitable."
—Hannah Arendt, political theorist and Member of the Committee on Social Thought
Determined the properties and technology of plutonium and uranium
In 1943–44, Cyril Smith determined the properties and technology of plutonium and uranium. Instrumental in developing the methods for transforming these elements into solid metal form, in 1946 Smith joined the University of Chicago, and became head (1946–56) of its Institute for the Study of Metals.
Nobel laureate Charles B. Huggins, the William B. Ogden Distinguished Service Professor in Surgery, working in his laboratory
Introduced hormonal treatment of cancer
In 1941, cancer researcher Charles B. Huggins treated patients suffering from advanced prostate cancer by removing the hormone the cancers needed to grow. Hormonal treatment has since become a mainstay of care for several types of cancer, including breast and gynecological cancers.
Founded Committee on Social Thought
The innovative, interdisciplinary Committee on Social Thought was established at the University of Chicago in 1941. Not centered on any specific topic, it instead draws together noted academics and writers to "foster awareness of the permanent questions at the origin of all learned inquiry." Distinguished members have included Hannah Arendt, Saul Bellow, J. M. Coetzee, T. S. Eliot, François Furet, Friedrich Hayek, A. K. Ramanujan, Paul Ricoeur, Charles Rosen, Harold Rosenberg, and John U. Nef, for whom the committee is now named.
Political theorist Hannah Arendt
Julian H. Lewis, PhD 1915
Debunked race-based blood typing
Julian H. Lewis, PhD 1915, the first African American to hold both an MD and a PhD, conducted groundbreaking research on race and blood typing that led to his hallmark book, Biology of the Negro, in 1942. His book was a precursor to the field of anthropathology, which looks at racial differences in the expression of disease, and is credited with changing many people's perspectives on race. Lewis was also the first African American to teach at the University of Chicago, where he was a noted expert in immunology.
Conducted the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction
The modern nuclear age began when Nobel laureate Enrico Fermi and his colleagues conducted the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction on December 2, 1942, on the University of Chicago campus.
The sculpture "Nuclear Energy" by Henry Moore commemorates the first controlled, self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction.
J. Roy Blayney, director of the Walter G. Zoller Memorial Dental Clinic
Determined that fluoride reduces cavities
Starting in 1946, dental researcher J. Roy Blayney conducted a 15-year public health experiment in the Chicago suburbs of Oak Park (no fluoride) and Evanston (fluoride) that demonstrated the cavity-fighting properties of fluoride in drinking water. The study led to widespread fluoridation of municipal water supplies.
Influenced how history of American slavery is studied and taught
Historian John Hope Franklin, best known for From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (1947), influenced the way American history is studied and taught. His work aimed to accurately represent African Americans in American history "so that," he said, "the story of the United States could be told adequately and fairly." Franklin received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1995.
John Hope Franklin, the John Matthews Manly Distinguished Service Professor in History
Leon O. Jacobson, the Joseph Regenstein Professor in Medicine, in his laboratory
Performed the first bone marrow transplant
In 1949, medical researcher Leon O. Jacobson, MD'39, performed the first bone marrow transplant. He discovered he could save a mouse whose bone marrow and spleen had been destroyed by transplanting donated spleen tissue into the mouse. The procedure now helps thousands of patients with cancer and other diseases each year.


ALAMO - Librada Solis, 93, died Saturday, September 1, 2018, at The Heights of Alamo.
Born in Melvin, Texas, Mrs. Solis lived in Alamo since 1977 and was a member of Inspiration Ministries.
She is preceded in death by her husband, Jose Solis; her parents, Diego C. and Juanita Bermea; and two brothers, Juan Antonio Bermea, Jose Bermea.
Mrs. Solis is survived by two sons, Joe (Marcy) Solis of Alamo, Federico (Diana) Solis, of Pharr; three daughters, Lydia Soliz, Maria Alma Solis, both of North Ridge, CA, Elba Reyes of Chicago, IL; ten grandchildren; 13 great-grandchildren; two brothers, Jesus Eleazar Bermea of Chicago, IL, Juan Diego Bermea of Pharr; and five sisters, Maria Ester Ybarra, Emma Bermea, both of Alamo, Irma Perez, Adela Bermea, both of Pharr, Delia Flores of CA.
Visitation was held from 3 to 9 p.m., with a 7 p.m. prayer service Monday, September 3, 2018, at Memorial Funeral Home in San Juan. Funeral service took place at 1 p.m. Tuesday, September 4, 2018, at Inspiration Ministries in Alamo. Interment followed at Palm Valley Memorial Gardens in Pharr.
Funeral services were under the direction of Memorial Funeral Home in San Juan.


text:
Lusignan Péter (1385. körül - 1451. február 10.), ciprusi herceg, Tripoli címzetes grófja, Ciprus régense. A Lusignan-ház tagja.

Élete

Édesapja Lusignan Jakab ciprusi királyi herceg (1395/96. - ?), Tripoli címzetes grófja, János ciprusi herceg (1329/30. - 1375.) és Ibelin Aliz fia.
Édesanyja Lusignan Margit ciprusi királyi hercegnő, I. Péter  ciprusi király és Aragóniai Eleonóra leánya.
Péter korán árvaságra jutott. 1415. körül feleségül vette unokatestvérét Lusignan Izabella ciprusi királyi hercegnőt. Míg Péter két leánytestvérét Eleonórát és Loysiát Izabella két bátyja vette el. Péter és Izabella házassága gyermektelen maradt. Később 1432-ben, amikor meghalt sógora, Pétert nevezték ki a kiskorú II. János ciprusi király mellé régensnek.

Utódai
Bár házassága gyermektelen maradt, Péternek maradtak utódai. Törvénytelen fia, Phoebus (1420/25. k. - Róma, 1485. július), akit 1428-ban V. Márton pápa törvényesített, egy fiú- és egy leánygyermeket hagyott maga után.
Fia, Hugó (†1468 után) akinek második felesége Izabella Placoton volt két leánygyermeket szült neki:
Lusignan Izabella aki Makrasikka urához, Embriaco de Giblethez ment feleségül
és Lusignan Lucrécia, akinek Olivier d'Fletre volt a férje.

Lányától, Eleonórától (†1475k.) is maradtak utódai, ő kétszer házasodott. Első férje Soffredo Crispo (†1458) naxoszi herceg volt, tőle gyermeke nem született. Második férje a portugál Vasco Gil Moniz volt. Tőle egy fia született Febos Moniz de Lusignan.

Lusignan-ház
Francia történelmi személyek
Poitiers-ház
1385-ben született személyek
1451-ben elhunyt személyek
Tripolisz grófjai


text:
Transportation Futures Skepticism Greets US DOT's Draft Transportation Bill
Ken Orski
Innovation Briefs, now
in their 20th year of publication, are published by Ken Orski. Cascadia
Prospectus reprints them with permission. The content of Innovation
Briefs does not necessarily represent the view of Cascadia Center of
Discovery Institute.
An undated— and possibly still unvetted by OMB—draft of US DOT's legislative proposal for surface transportation reauthorization, the "Transportation Opportunities Act," has been making the rounds in Washington for the past week. Its publication, however, has been largely ignored by the inside-the-Beltway transportation community. What would ordinarily be an eagerly awaited event and an occasion to compliment the Department , has passed virtually unnoticed. Even the usual cheering squad of Administration-supportive advocacy groups such as Transportation for America, the Building America's Future coalition and US PIRG has been muted in their approval.
The reason for this indifference is twofold. Partly, it's because the DOT draft contains no surprises: it merely restates the proposals already revealed in the President's FY 2012 Budget request. But more importantly, the draft has been ignored because it has been judged to lack political savvy and realism. Even the highly partisan liberal Streetsblog was obliged to pronounce the draft bill as irrelevant. Wrote Tanya Snyder, its Capitol Hill correspondent in a level-headed assessment, "…don't expect it to be central to the debate in Congress. By refusing to adjust to a still-struggling economy, high gas prices, and a deficit-obsessed Congress, the president has rendered his own plan moot."
Snyder's dismissive verdict is understandable. Consider the following:
Item: Multiple congressional spokesmen have stated in recent months that future surface transportation funding will be limited to the tax revenues deposited into the Highway Trust Fund. There will be no further rescue or "bailout" of the Trust Fund using general funds; "deficit funding is out of the question"; "government must learn to live within its means." The House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee reaffirmed this position as recently as March 15 in its "Views and Estimates for Fiscal Year 2012" report. Yet the US DOT chose to ignore these unambiguous congressional signals. Its legislative draft has reaffirmed the initial White House proposal for a six-year surface transportation program totaling $556 billion, with an up-front FY 2012 appropriation of $50 billion. Meanwhile, transportation-related tax revenues are expected to average only $38 billion/year, for a six-year total of $230 billion according to the latest Congressional Budget Office estimates. In recent appropriation hearings on the FY 2012 transportation budget, Transportation Department officials failed to explain how the resulting shortfall of over $300 billion would be funded.
Item: In its draft bill, the US DOT has proposed to devote $53 billion over six-years to pursue a "high-speed" rail program that would eventually (in 25 years) give 80 percent of Americans access to high-speed rail service. Yet Congress has rescinded all of FY 2011 funding for the high-speed rail program and House Republican leadership has announced its intention to totally eliminate support for high-speed rail beginning next year. Even if a modest passenger rail program should survive, it is likely to be focused on the Northeast Corridor, as Rep. Mica has strongly suggested, and not pursue a quixotic multi-billion dollar national "high-speed" rail vision as conceived and advocated by the White House.
Item: In its draft bill, the US DOT has proposed to expand the existing Highway Trust Fund into a successor "Transportation Trust Fund." The expanded Fund would include four accounts – for Passenger Rail, Highways, Transit and an Infrastructure Fund. To fund the two new accounts plus the expanded Highway and Transit accounts, the Transportation Department has proposed an unspecified new "energy tax" to supplement the existing sources of revenue (i.e. transportation-related taxes on fuel, heavy trucks and tires). However, the initiative for any new tax measures must originate with the House Ways and Means Committee. With the House Republicans on record as opposed to any new taxes, and with bipartisan desire not to increase the consumers' cost of energy, any proposed "energy tax" has virtually zero chance of success in the 112th Congress. (Note: it's not even certain whether the energy tax proposal would survive OMB review).
Item: The US DOT has proposed a three-part "Livability" program totaling $27.5 billion over six years. The program would subsume existing formula-based transportation enhancement activities and include a program of discretionary grants for bicycle, pedestrian and capacity building activities. However, the ill-defined "livability" concept has met with profound skepticism on the part of House Republicans. Congressional sources have made it known that a "livability" program is unlikely to be a part of any future surface transportation bill.
Item: The US DOT has proposed a "National Infrastructure Innovation and Finance Fund" to finance transportation infrastructure projects of national and regional significance through grants, loans, loan guarantees and lines of credit. The Fund, administered by a heavily bureaucratized structure (executive director, nine-member Investment Council, Advisory Committee) would receive $30 billion over six years. This proposal, also know as the National Infrastructure Bank, faces considerable bipartisan skepticism and overt opposition by several influential House and Senate leaders. Its chances of passage are rated at less than 50-50.
In sum, the unreality of its fiscal ambitions and the lack of political support for its key programmatic initiatives has rendered the DOT's legislative proposal "dead on arrival" in the judgment of congressional observers. That is not to say that the proposal deserves to be totally ignored. Many of its programmatic provisions – for example, those dealing with accelerated project delivery, tolling, highway and motor vehicle safety, "state of good repair" policy, pursuit of VMT fees, performance management and freight policy–are worthy of consideration and will likely find their way into the final bill.
However, the Washington policy establishment is largely ignoring what it considers a stubborn refusal by the drafters of the US DOT bill to face the facts and adjust to political realities. Instead, transportation stakeholders are awaiting the release (probably in late June) of the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee bill that will more correctly reflect the mood of the Congress, the stakeholders and of the country. It is safe to conclude that what is likely to emerge from that committee — and eventually approved by the full House and the Senate– will bear little resemblance to the U.S. Transportation Department's unrealistic draft legislative proposal.
Discovery Institute president offers perspective on Canadian election
Discovery Institute president Bruce Chapman's assessment of the Canadian elections was published in Seattle-based Crosscut. In the article, Chapman, a thoughtful observer on just about every political election and issue that finds its way into the news cycle, calls the recent election results …
Cascadia Center makes argument for rail in Northwest
In a series of op-eds that appeared in The Everett Herald during the last two weekends, Cascadia Center director Bruce Agnew makes the argument for the role that rail has had (and can continue to have) in the Northwest. The first, "Let history be our guide," describes how the …


text:
Jo-Kell Case Study
With warehouses in two locations, 60,000 SKUs and over $5 million in inventory at any one time, Jo-Kell wanted to phase out manual processes for a Cloud-based WMS Lite solution. After facing a stalled implementation, Jo-Kell switched to RF-SMART.
Jo-Kell, an electrical distributor that primarily sells power and control equipment for military and commercial marine and industrial markets, was looking at leaving behind a cumbersome green screen application for the ease of NetSuite. "We wanted to consolidate into one system. For us, that's NetSuite," said John Kelly, Business Process Manager for Jo-Kell. "Additionally, our president was pushing for barcoding or a WMS system to track both inventory and error rates." To accomplish this, Jo-Kell looked to implement a WMS lite solution.
A Stalled WMS Implementation
"We wanted everything integrated into NetSuite, so we looked for first-party solutions or solutions that are NetSuite native," John said. Choosing a solution they thought met these criteria, Jo-Kell began implementation. "It was supposed to be a short implementation. But as it dragged on, there was still no end in sight," John said. "Even though we had already invested so much in the project, we realized we were wasting our time." It was at this juncture that Jo-Kell began to pursue alternatives.
After some initial research, Jo-Kell found several different options to replace the WMS solution. However, RF-SMART was the only solution with all the components Jo-Kell required.
"They realized that despite the money invested in the first solution, RF-SMART was so much easier to use that it would be beneficial to stop the implementation and go with RF-SMART. We uninstalled what was in place from the other system, and within a week, we were fully up and running with RF-SMART," John said. "It was very impressive how quickly we went live with RF-SMART. It is so much easier and faster to configure. Everything about it is geared towards working with us, and not us having to adapt to a system."
The Power of Efficiency
They began by implementing scanning to move away from keying in information from the packing slip and manually verifying all items were received. With RF-SMART, they simply scan the barcode with a handheld device.
"RF-SMART has eliminated one of the biggest issues we were experiencing, and that is what to do with the items we receive," John said. "With RF-SMART, our employees now know at the time of receipt whether the items go on the shelf or if they're going to staging. They know what action to take because RF-SMART prompts them via the handheld device."
Amp Up Accuracy
Using handheld devices, RF-SMART prompts employees and then stops them if they make a mistake. "Before RF-SMART, when our employees had to key the barcode numbers into NetSuite, they would often key in the incorrect item number. With RF-SMART, we have eliminated those errors. By scanning the receipt and using RF-SMART to verify the UPC to the data in NetSuite, we have seen a huge boost in accuracy."
Also boosting accuracy and productivity has been RF-SMART's cycle or stock count functionality. "RF-SMART keeps us on track and on schedule for doing regular stock counts. This never happened in the past," John said. Employees are able to toggle between cycle counts and regular activities without affecting the accuracy of the cycle count, or the efficiency in the warehouse.
Real-time, accurate reporting is another benefit of selecting a Native NetSuite solution. "Previously, I had to rely on others to run a report for me and then wait. Those were reports were only mostly accurate at best," said John. "But with RF-SMART, I have accurate views simply by refreshing my dashboard."
"It was very impressive how quickly we went live with RF-SMART. It is so much easier and faster to configure. Everything about it is geared towards working with us, and not us having to adapt to a system."
Kateeva
Download the Jo-Kell Case Study


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Brett Halsey (born June 20, 1933, in Santa Ana, California), is an American film actor, sometimes credited as Montgomery Ford. He is best known as the original John Abbott on the soap opera The Young and the Restless, a role he held from May 1980 to March 1981, before being replaced by Jerry Douglas. Description above from the Wikipedia article Brett Halsey, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.