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Glocalisation In A Subsidiary Context
Glocalisation In A Subsidiary Context Essay Sample
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According to Thomas Friedmann globalization should be considered the integration of everything with everything else; more specifically the integration of markets, finance and technology in a way that makes the world smaller than it has ever been before. In 2008 Levendary Café, an American "quick causal" fast food restaurant, took on this integration as a specific organization strategy. Their home market had been exhausted and their expansion had reached a plateau, why the board decided on a new strategy: to enter the Chinese market. This paper seeks to investigate 1) why and how Levedary Café has chosen to pursue Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in China; 2) what difficulties the company has met due to strategic challenges of local responsiveness versus global synergy and finally 3) what opportunities Levendary Café has to restructure its investments in China when dealing with subsidiary strategy. We will do this by answering the following research question:
What 'glocalisation' challenges have Levendary Café faced as it has entered the Chinese market, and how should it restructure its strategy in order to meet these challenges?
We will apply Hymer's theory of foreign direct investment, Yip's framework of global and multidomestic strategy and finally Birkinshaw and Pedersen's framework of strategy and management in MNE subsidiaries. This will shed light on the difficulties the new CEO Mia Foster has encountered in taking over from the beloved founder and former CEO Howard Leventhal when Levendary Café was spun out from private equity ownership in 2011. More specifically we will identify and come up with a solution to the challenges Mia Foster encountered in expanding into China while trying to meet Wall Street's requirements.
FDI in China – written by Valdemar Gaarn Rasmussen
Hymer, in his theory of foreign direct investment, takes point of departure in his argument that if FDI was simply motivated by the search for low production costs in foreign locations it would be difficult to explain why local firms do not compete successfully with foreign ones. Instead he suggests that FDI is motivated by the existence of market imperfections (Ietto-Gillies, p. 52-53). He argues that these imperfections are structural ones, stemming from the market structure. In doing so he highlights the imperfections within an oligopolistic market structure dominated by a few firms, which is where we categorize Levendary Café to be in the Chinese Quick Casual dining market (Bartlett & Han, p. 2). Moving on Hymer states two main determinants of direct investment abroad influenced by market imperfections and a company's desire to enhance its market power position. The first one being the specific advantages a firm can profitably exploit abroad, especially once domestic opportunities are exhausted (Ietto-Gillies, p. 53). This first determinant explains why Levendary Café chose to invest in China. In 2008 their domestic growth was slowing, their geographic expansion plan plateaued and they had come to realise that their concept did not fit small towns.
Knowing that their home market had been exhausted they now looked for advantages to exploit abroad. With a population of 1.4 billion people, annual GDP growth of 14.5 % over the last decade, heavy urbanization and an emerging middle class China was chosen as a market ripe for investment (Bartlett & Han, p 5). The second determinant is the removal of conflicts in foreign markets. Facing a situation where competing companies are seeking entry to the same foreign market a company can collude and share the market with rivals or try to gain direct control. The latter increases the market power for the company, and increases the imperfections within the entire market. This second determinant explains how Levendary Café entered the Chinese market (Ietto-Gillies, p. 53). CEO Leventhal's original idea was to enter the Chinese market through a joint venture. However, Louis Chen, a friend of Leventhal and Stanford MBA, convinced him to establish a wholly owned subsidiary. Through horizontal FDI Chen was to establish a strong market position as a base for franchising outlets throughout China (Bartlett & Han, p. 6).
Local responsiveness versus global synergy – written by Sidsel Skovly Green Pedersen
One of the challenges Levendary Café faced, as they chose to enter the Chinese market was a classic problem when opening restaurants in a different cultural setting; to what extent should the concept of Levendary Café be kept as it was in America, and to what extent could the concept be stretched to adapt to local needs? To analyse these challenges this paper will use Yip's framework of global and multidomestic strategies, to assess the conflict of Mia Foster's need of a global strategy versus Louis Chen's need for local adaptation. According to Yip a pure global strategy entails that a company sets up the same strategy at home and abroad; the product should be fully standardized worldwide, procedures should be uniform and value-added activities should be concentrated within different countries. A pure multidomestic strategy, on the other hand, adapts completely to local needs: products are fully customized in each country, procedures are differentiated to adapt to local habits and all value-added activities are represented in each country (Yip, p. 31). Global availability, serviceability and recognition are clearly benefits of a global strategy, whereas the disadvantages include higher management costs due to increased coordination, and the failure to meet local needs (Yip, p.34).
Lastly, according to Yip's 'globalization figure', for a business to perform at its best, it needs to adapt a globalization strategy that fits the globalization potential of the industry (Yip, p. 35). As Chen was given the responsibility to set up Levendary Café in China, his main task was to replicate the procedures of the Denver HQ and the different restaurants. To do this he was placed in USA for a six weeks internship, but besides this he was given practically no limits in managing the entry of the Chinese market (Bartlett & Han, p. 6). As Foster became the CEO of Levendary Café in 2011, and chose to investigate Chen's way of business in China, she found that Levendary Café in China seemed to adapt a predominantly multidomestic strategy. This can be seen as Chen had customized products and differentiated procedures; all management and financial reports were delivered to Denver in its own, Chinese format, one of the Shanghai branches were made a pure take-out, one branch in Beijing had its signature wooden furniture replaced with local plastic furniture and several restaurants had completely local menus (Bartlett & Han, p. 8).
On the other hand the new CEO opted for a more global strategy; procedures, such as financial reports should be standardized, and though she acknowledged there should be some level of local responsiveness, she wanted a more standardized product, so Levendary Café would be recognisable for global customers. Clearly applying Yip's figure on globalization potential for the industry vs. global strategy, it becomes clear that Foster and Chen had different views the potential of the industry, which highlights the controversy between the CEO and the Chinese manager.
In order to look upon how Levendary, and ultimately Foster and Chen, should overcome these challenges, we will now apply Birkinshaw and Pedersen's framework for 'Strategy and Management in MNE Subsidiaries' in order to propose advice for Levendary's future strategy.
Moving forward – contribution stated under paragraphs
Birkinshaw and Pedersen describe subsidiaries as a unit that perform value-adding activities for a firm. Their findings add on to Yip's theory on globalization, as they state that subsidiaries find themselves in a position more difficult than ever, as managers are expected to act entrepreneurially and empowered, at the same time as complying with more and more global standards (Birkinshaw, p. 278). Furthermore Birkinshaw and Pedersen describe the role of the company as one that is defined by the parent company, whereas the strategy on the contrary includes some level of self-determination for the subsidiary (Birkinshaw, p. 275).
Levendary China can, with its 23 restaurants, be considered a vital subsidiary for the mother company. Given the problems of finding common ground for the globalization potential of the industry, and thus the degree of local responsiveness, Foster, as the CEO, should manage this subsidiary better. First and foremost Foster must define the role of 'Levendary China'. The 'no limits' strategy proposed by former CEO and founder of the company, Howard Leventhal, clearly worked well to set up a business in China quickly, but with 23 stores, the role need to be much better defined. Foster must thus set up clear rules and regulations for all the Chinese restaurants. These should include the initial role; to make ground for further development in China, however it should further include a clear definition of the type of development they want. Foster must state that Levendary does not want growth if it compromises with the brand's authenticity to make sure Chen does not devalue the brand in China. (written by Sidsel Skovly Green Pedersen)
Foster must however acknowledge that the strategy in China cannot be decided upon in Denver. As proposed by Birkinshaw and Pedersen she must bring together a market positioning component and a resource development component. Chen knows the Chinese market, and they must thus coorporate to find a product range that serves this market. Products are already slightly differentiated in USA, so this should not be a problem (Bartlett & Han, p. 4). In regard to the resource development component, Foster should distinguish between resources and capabilities. Resources are the stock of factors available for and controlled by the firm, whereas capabilities are a firm's capacity to deploy these resources (Birkinshaw, p. 378). Foster must acknowledge, that though she holds and controls such resources and capabilities as financing and firm-specific knowledge, Chen has developed several capabilities such as rapid innovation and adaption. When setting up the strategy it is thus essential that she includes Chen and his ideas.
Considering that Levendary Café chose to invest in a wholly owned subsidiary, and given the problems of local responsiveness versus globalisation, as defined by Yip, we suggest a new strategy for the company. As proposed by Birkinshaw and Pedersen, Mia Foster should set up a new system for sharing knowledge. This could be done via an international team situated in China, which would include both Chen and his team as well as American employees from Denver deployed in China. Such a system could make sure that the link between the market and resource side of the strategy equation is being dealt with, as the same time as Chen and Foster could find common ground in their 'glocalization' challenge: to agree on a proper level of local responsiveness and globalization.
On a concluding remark the assigned number of pages has made limitations to the analysis. An issue for further considerations is whether Louis Chen is the proper manager to carry on Levendary Café's chinese expansion. Theoretically this raises the question of whether Levendary China has gained too much power and control within the multinational corporation. (written by Valdemar Gaarn Rasmussen)
Bartlett, C. A. & Han, A. (2013). Levendary Café: The China Challenge. Harvard Business School: Brief Cases.
Ietto-Gillies, G. (2012). Chapter 4: Hymer's Seminal Work. In: Transnational Corporations and International Production. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Yip, G. S. (1989). Global Strategy… In a World of Nations? Sloan Management Review.
Birkinshaw, J. & Pedersen, T. (2009). Chapter 14: Strategy & Management in MNE Subsidiaries. In: Alan M. Rugman The Oxford Handbook of International Business. 2nd ed. UK: Oxford University Press.
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Q: Prevent white flicker when Cordova app loads I'm using Cordova (v6.4.0) and the Splashscreen plugin (v4.0.0)   (https://github.com/apache/cordova-plugin-splashscreen). I'm posting this here because the github repository doesn't have an issues section and solutions mentioned at Remove White Flicker after splashscreen phonegap 3.3 didn't work.
The various splash screen images I set are displaying on both Android and iOS devices. However, on Android devices there is a white flash between the splash screen images and my app loading.
In my Cordova config.xml file, I have the following lines for the splash screen:
<preference name="SplashScreenDelay" value="2000" />
<preference name="ShowSplashScreenSpinner" value="false" />

I tried disabling the splash screen image from automatically hiding and increasing the delay before the splash screen hides by adding the additional following lines to config.xml:
<preference name="AutoHideSplashScreen" value="false" />
<preference name="SplashScreenDelay" value="10000" />

Because auto hide is false and the delay is 10 seconds, I should see the static loading image for a full 10 seconds, but on both iOS and Android it only displays for a second or two. I'm guessing that is the root of the problem.
Once auto hide can be disabled, I hoped to manually trigger hiding the splash screen within my app's main init function using:
navigator.splashscreen.hide();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
How Andrea Riseborough Got an Oscar Nomination for 'To Leslie'
Until a few weeks ago, most people hadn't heard of "To Leslie," an indie film about a woman trying to rebuild her life while battling drug addiction and alcoholism. Now, the film's star Andrea Riseborough has been nominated for an Academy Award for Best Actress in a Leading Role.
So how did such a small film fall apart seemingly at the last minute? Awards pundits wrongly assumed that the celebrity-backed campaign, while noteworthy, was a little late in getting nominations. It comes down to support from the film community, Riseborough said Tuesday.
"The idea that you need endless resources, I don't think that's necessarily true," Riseborough says diversity Shortly after the Oscar nominations were announced Tuesday morning. "Those who confirmed are our community. It seems the film community has rallied around and made a noise."
A publicity stunt of sorts began in October when Howard Stern began discussing the film on his SiriusXM show. "To Leslie" director Michael Morris and his wife, actor Mary McCormack, showed the movie to Stern in July during their annual wedding anniversary celebration with Stern. McCormack and Stern's relationship goes back decades, when she played Alison, the shock jock's first wife, in the 1997 biopic "Private Parts."
According to sources, Stern asked to see "To Leslie" after Morris and McCormack told him about the movie and showed him rave reviews in the trades — including diversity – It was released in March 2022 after the film premiered at South by Southwest.
Stern then began performing "To Leslie," which was shot in just 19 days in Los Angeles during the height of the Covid pandemic, on his show to coincide with the film's release in the fall. "It really took everyone by surprise," a source tells me.
A screening hosted by Charlize Theron at UTA followed. After receiving a Riseborough Spirit Award nomination, McCormack began working with publicity powerhouses Shelter PR and Narrative PR. McCormack sent out an email to friends asking them to publicly support the film and Riseborough's performance, even suggesting photos and hashtags and tagging accounts in social media posts. "If you are willing to post every day between now and January 17th [the last day of Oscar nomination voting]that would be great!" he wrote in an email received diversity. "But anything helps, so please do whatever makes you comfortable. And what's more relaxing than posting about a movie every day!"
Andrea Riseborough, left, Mary McCormack, Michael Morris and Gwyneth Paltrow at a screening of "To Leslie" hosted by Paltrow
More celebrity endorsements have kicked in during awards season. Among those who posted tributes on social media were Sally Field, Liam Neeson, Jane Fonda, Laura Dern, Catherine Keener, Geena Davis and Mira Sorvino. Further screenings of "To Leslie" were hosted by Gwyneth Paltrow, Demi Moore, Courteney Cox and Edward Norton. Mini Driver is set to host a screening in Los Angeles tomorrow night.
Kate Winslet and Amy Adams conducted virtual Q&As with Riseborough.
Cate Blanchett was so moved by Riseborough's performance that she gave him a shout-out during her acceptance speech at the Critics' Choice Awards.
And the rest became history on Tuesday morning.
Previous 'Blood' review: Michelle Monaghan headlines a gritty vampire tale
Next The best movies of 2022 that weren't nominated for an Oscar

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Metabolic effects of simvastatin combined with ezetimibe have not been investigated in patients with hypercholesterolemia, compared with simvastatin alone.
This was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel study. All patients were recommended to maintain a low fat diet. Fifty-one in each group were given placebo, ezetimibe 10 mg combined with simvastatin 10 mg (Vyto10), ezetimibe 10 mg combined with simvastatin 20 mg (Vyto20), or simvastatin 20 mg alone (Sim20), daily for 2 months.
Placebo therapy did not significantly change insulin and insulin sensitivity (determined by QUICKI) and adiponectin levels and visceral fat and visceral fat/subcutaneous fat (V/S fat) ratio relative to baseline measurements. Vyto10 therapy significantly decreased insulin levels and increased adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity, and reduced visceral fat, V/S fat ratio, and blood pressure relative to baseline measurements. Vyto20 therapy did not significantly change insulin levels and insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels but significantly reduced visceral fat, V/S fat ratio, and blood pressure relative to baseline measurements. Sim20 therapy significantly decreased adiponectin levels and insulin sensitivity but did not significantly change visceral fat, V/S fat ratio, and blood pressure relative to baseline measurements. Of note, these different effects of each therapy on insulin, adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, and blood pressure were significant by ANOVA.
Vyto10, Vyto20, and Sim20 showed significantly differential metabolic effects in patients with hypercholesterolemia.


Daren joined Kiplinger in July 2015 after spending more than 20 years in New York City as a business and financial writer. He spent seven years at Time magazine and joined SmartMoney in 2007, where he wrote about investing and contributed car reviews to the magazine. Daren also worked as a writer in the fund industry for Janus Capital and Fidelity Investments and has been licensed as a Series 7 securities representative.
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Figuring out when—or even if a company's prospects will improve is tricky work.
Guggenheim S&P 500 Equal Weight Health Care approach to success is right there in its name.
Every kind of income investor will find something to like in our new list.


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				$e404 = ! class_exists ( $error_class, FALSE );
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elseif (! empty ( $RTR->directory ) && file_exists ( APPPATH . 'controllers/' . $error_class . '.php' )) {
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/*
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/*
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/*
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Very lightweight Eclipse-Maven integration - dependency management only? From my experience, Maven is often an overkill in small/experimental applications. But depencency management is very useful feature of Maven and actually the only one that can be really helpful in mentioned type of applications.
I wonder if I can have a very minimal and lightweight Eclipse-Maven integration that provides only adding Maven dependencies to Eclipse project classpath in the simpliest possible way.
Especially I don't want to:

*

*apply to any Maven conventions (including project layout conventons)

*install and use any specific Eclipse plugins (Eclipse shouldn't know at all that it is "Maven project" and treat it in any special way)

*depend on/be bound to Maven in any other way than using it as lightweight jars/libraries downloader

My first (and only) idea is to use Eclipse Maven plugin from command line to manage project classpath. But by default this plugin does more than it (sets up default maven project layout, manage builders). Can I limit this plugin to only do what I want?
Or can I reach the goals I described in any other way?

A: I found a solution that fits very well to needs/use case that I described in question:
1. I created very minimal pom file in Eclipse project root:
<project>
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.sobczyk.piotr</groupId>
    <artifactId>mvn-eclipse-test</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <build>
        <sourceDirectory>src</sourceDirectory>
        <outputDirectory>bin</outputDirectory>
    </build>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>log4j</groupId>
            <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.16</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

This .pom file consists of three parts:

*

*Required Maven stuff, ie. modelVersion and GAV

*build section where Maven default source and output directories and overriden to mimic Eclipse environment (it's the answer to the part of question on limiting maven-eclipse-plugin behaviour, some other eclipse:eclipse goal options like buildcommands may be useful in some more complex cases)

*dependencies section listing dependencies that I need to have on project classpath

2. From command line I invoked following commands:
mvn eclipse:configure-workspace -Declipse.workspace=C:/myworkspace
cd C:/myworkspace/myproject
mvn eclipse:eclipse

3. Each time I want to update Eclipse project classpath from Maven file I can do one of two things:

*

*invoke last two lines from command line

*bind mvn eclipse:eclipse to Eclipse external tool configuration and invoke it with single click

A: Sorry, there's not. As you can see here:
http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-eclipse-plugin/eclipse-mojo.html
the configuration of the plugin allows to add some additional classppath items, facelets etc. but you can't skip the default ones.


NEW YORK (Billboard) - The millions of people who tuned in to the Billboard Music Awards on Fox this week saw a seamlessly choreographed show highlighting the year's top artists, who sang and danced their way through some fabulous numbers.
But what the public rarely sees is the incredible amount of work that goes on behind the scenes to pull together such a world-class production.
The tabloid press and the entertainment gossip shows on TV often carry reports about the misbehaving antics of rock stars. There's certainly no shortage of boorish behavior, chemical dependency or dysfunction in this business.
What's easily lost on the public -- and rarely reported -- is just how hard artists work and how much time and effort they put into their music. That side of the business was clearly evident behind the scenes at the awards show.
Putting on an event of this scale for live TV involved literally hundreds of people during several weeks. But the pressure was really on in the two days before the show. As the hours wound down to airtime, final touches were still being added to the set, production details were being worked out and the artists were on a strict rehearsal schedule.
While Beyonce ran through her number -- with a supporting cast of 80 dancers -- circular saws roared backstage, and you could hear workmen pounding nails. Even so, she never missed a beat.
Clay Aiken patiently went through his song three times. At the producer's request, he even practiced walking to the podium over and over to get the pacing right.
So it went for Pink, Evanescence, Sting and many other performers. All of them displayed a degree of professionalism that would surprise even the most jaded industry critics. What's really surprising is how easy they made it all look on air. Maybe that's one reason why the public tends to take performers for granted.
A number of critics have questioned why so many awards shows are on TV these days. But we obviously take a different view. It's not the awards that count so much; rather, it's the opportunity to see so many artists showcase their music.
Since the death of the variety show -- a staple of TV in the 1950s and 1960s -- the chance for the public to see popular music performed without paying a hefty price for a concert ticket has become rare.
Humans have a natural proclivity to quantify and rank everything. Lists can be found in the tombs of ancient Egypt. Billboard is the authority on charting the music industry, so it's only natural that we take time out to recognize those who have performed so well during the year. But this show is really dedicated to the artists who took time out of their busy lives to perform for all of us.
And, this statement - 'Since the death of the variety show -- a staple of TV in the 1950s and 1960s -- the chance for the public to see popular music performed without paying a hefty price for a concert ticket has become rare' -is really true, isn't it. I think the last shows in variety format we have seen were actually in the 70s. We have to stay up late or get up early or lay out of work to see a live musical performance on TV. There used to be entire programs in prime time devoted to music (and comedy.) Sonny and Cher, Donnie and Marie, Flip Wilson, Captain and Tenille and many others. There was American Bandstand and Soul Train on the weekends (do they still have live acts?).
I love to watch Austin City Limits on PBS, but they usually feature country, bluegrass or indie rock music, (which I love) not rock n roll or pop music. The awards show is about the only place to see live rock n roll or pop music in prime time. There is Sessions at West 54th but you must have cable or satellite to see that program.
In fact, the radio and the Internet are about the only places to ever hear genres of music that aren't deemed PBS worthy. And something just occured to me. As I write this, I realize that Clay is a pop star that was created on television, not on the radio. Britney, Justin and Hillary D came from television, but they didn't evolve into pop stars on the tube. They left and came back as pop stars.
We met Clay on television, we watched his evolution from an unknown guy with an amazing voice to a fully fleshed out pop star on television. There are many already established artists who appear on TV (most recently, Rod Stewart has shown up everywhere), but how many emerging artists have we lately been able to follow on the tube from introduction to winning industry awards?
Clay has mentioned several times about not feeling as if he has 'earned' his success so far. Clay, you have earned every bit of your success. From forgoing your final semester in school, to sleeping on the street in Atlanta, to enduring Simon C's barbs, to a non stop summer tour schedule, followed only by a roller coaster ride of tv and radio appearances, from losing your privacy and having little free time, to not wanting to disappoint your fans and giving us your all while feeling sick or having an allergic reaction, to having to hear unfunny jokes and remarks about your talent, your looks and your sexuality, to living out of a suitcase and criss crossing the country on planes, to not being able to be with your friends and family as much as you'd like, to having to fight to be rid of the 'AI' stigma, to having to deal with 'overly enthusiastic' fans.
You have earned every bit of your success. You deserve it, you've worked hard for it, and we promise to continue to work for you and your foundation, to respect you and to support you in any way we can and any way you need us to.
I hope when the official fan club gets up and running, you will be able to communicate with us and guide in what we can do to best support you.
As always you have stated so wonderfully what I have been thinking and feeling but most of the time can't put into words.
I enjoy reading your thoughts and insights on every subject.
Pamela - Your observations and comments are priceless. Get on your soapbox whenever you wish. We are the beneficiaries of your wisdom.
Clay has definitly "paid" his dues. His fans know that nothing has ever been handed to him on a "silver platter". Our love & support for him is all that matters.
Again, Pamela, you are incredibly insightful. If you aren't a professional writer, you should be.
I love when you get on a soapbox Pamela. You are normally describing what i'm thinking!
Amen, Pamela. Thanks so much for your insights.
I actually agreed with Keith Girard's comments too. Aside from the vulgarities, etc., I thought the Billboard awards were worth watching and they did a good job of putting on the show. Since I don't know very much about pop music, I was glad to have a chance to see all of the different artists perform, after only hearing their names in the past. A lot of what passed for music isn't very good, but I learned a lot from watching it.
Pamela, you are wise, you are wonderful. Thank you for being that way! You are a great deal of what makes this site so classy to match OMCs classiness.
I also enjoyed seeing the different types of music on the BMAs. Just bleep the blippin' nastiness and the show was good.
What I thought of recently, was "There were only 12 live performances and CLAY was one of them"!!!!!!! Is that wonderful or what? The powers that be are noticing his fan reaction and how the numbers go up on any show he is on. They always put him towards the end, too, so that viewers will stick with the program till the end. Our guy IS revolutionizing everything he touches, especially us!
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Download a free guide to diving America's Marine Sanctuaries (courtesy NOAA).
The best time to dive Hawaii is between April and October. September and October have the warmest water and it is quieter then.
"Night time Manta dive gives you a look at an absolute ballet of a menagerie of fish along with some of the largest mantas ever seen. "
"At Kona only 2 mantas showed but they were incredible."
"Almost guaranteed, close-up viewing of Coastal Manta Rays on a night dive."
"Truly and awesome and jaw-dropping experience to be surrounded by this ballet of one-ton giants twirling around you gracefully."
"Exiting experience with dancing mantas. "
"This was my first night dive ever and I couldn't have gotten luckier. We dropped to about 12 m and joined a circle of about 20 divers with our torches pointing upward. The lights formed a circle of beams and a huge school of silver baitfish were swimming and shimmering within the lights. Then the mantas flew in to feed on the plankton gathering in the light beams. These magnificent creatures feasted and danced for us putting on a show that was nothing short of magical. I was fortunate there was a videographer who got the whole thing on tape. I can't imagine any night dive surpassing Kona's Manta Dive. Some lifelong divers said it was their best dive experience ever."
Underwater lights placed on the ocean floor attract infinite amounts of plankton, which in turn attract the huge, yet beautiful manta rays of Kona Hawaii. The rays get so close to you, that you often have to move to avoid them accidentally hitting you. This was by far, the best dive I have ever done. I have been to Sting Ray City in Grand Cayman before, and as good as that dive is, it came nowhere near the experience with the manta dive. It is very rare to experience such an amazingly wonderful and unforgettable time with one of the most beautiful and gentle animals in the world."
"Seeing these amazing creatures swim right up to your face with their huge mouths open and simply glide right over you is one of the most amazing sights in the world. The grace of these large creatures is astounding. "
"We had very good encounters with manta, we could count the spots on their body, they just want to be friends with the divers. "
"Can't beat acrobatic manta rays swooping above your head!"
"Shallow 35 ft manta ray night dives. All you do is be negatively buoyant and shine your light to the surface. The manta swoop and eat the plankton. No corals."
"So much stuff! Eels! Mantas! Even a reef shark. "
"This is really an unusual dive, 4-5 miles off W. Shore near Kailua Kona. You head out about 9:00PM and hook into a 40' weighted line. And THEN you watch an amazing migration as all kinds of juveniles and some amazing invertebrates make their way towards the surface to feed. Most sightings are pretty small, but almost all are transparent and pulsate with colors (orange, blue, green) around the edges. This dive isn't for everone, but it's truly one of a kind! I compared it to diving in a microscope with the strange sort of paramecium type "critters". It's a very unusual experience, I thought it was worth the cost.
We stayed in the Kona area and also did multiple shore dives with Big Island Divers, a great group.
It's in an uncomparable class of diving experiences. Make the dive guide PROMISE not to grab your leg when something cool passes by behind you...I thought I was lunch! "
"swim throughs, seaturtles and frogfish. 65 feet "
"Tons of turtles all around. Dive through lava tubes. Snapper, eels, and trigger fish everywhere. "
"Turtles and other large fish come through this area of cleaning."
"The Manta Rays in the cool waters of Hawaii make this make it a great experience for all. Watching these creatures in the night is just wonderful."
"60� dive amongst canyons of lava rock and coral, natural arch, and then the cathedral, which is a lava tube but has numerous holes that you could swim out of, white tip shark met us inside! Huge Javanese eel near the entrance!! GREAT DIVE!!"
"Great for clarity, fish species, dolphin, turtle"
"Huge schools of jacks, and tons of sharks - this was an awesome dive."
"A wall dive with a Hawaiian monk seal and the largest schools of butterflies I've ever seen. Lionfish everywhere."
"1943 Navy oiler sunk for reef in 1989. Access holes cut in upright ship. "
"The debris is very awesome and the most amazing thing is the No. 1 gun turret with the gun still intact. And there`s a from from the superstructure is lying beside the port bow."
"Korean fishing boat sunk for reef in 1998. Lots of turtles and tropical fish everywhere. Amazing."
"Magnificent wall dive with unlimited visibility open to the Pacific. Lots of Pelagics: 14 ft blue shark, reef, coral, colour."
"The back side of this extinct cinder cone plunges to incredible depths and presents a wall dive with seemingly infinite exposure. It felt like a space walk as we hung on our safety stop in the clear blue with the sound of whales around us. We cruised the 100' level of the cone through forrests of black coral. Many unique critters here not found in other parts of the world. "
"Awesome dive inside the crater, depth to 40 m, visibility to 45 m, pyramid butterflyfish, shrimps, eels, white-tip sharks "
"Best night shore night dive. Squid, parrot fish in bubble, slipper lobsters, spanish shawls...all sorts of critters! "
"Hanama bay is incredible diving for the novice to the expeert and uncertified family can snorkel with ease and see almost as great wildlife as the divers. Beyond the near reef line there are resident turtles, transient rays, and every kind of sealife in this protected park. it isn't a technical dive. it does take some skill in rough water entries and exits during the winter. But everybody can enjoy it. After snorkeling Hanama with us my niece got certified. "
"WWII corsair plane wreck. Sit in the cockpit 105 feet underwater. "
"I am not an extremely experienced diver. I have 50+ dives though, all but two were in Hawaii. I can honestly say that one of the most beautiful dives I have been on is the First Cathedral dive on Lahaina...it is a 40-65 ft dive. It is a large lava tube, which is about 100 feet long and almost two stories high. As you enter the chamber for the first time you have to make sure to appreciate the full experience of the "Cathedral". When the sun's light enters through the holes in the ceiling they illuminate the chamber and the rock slab in the middle to create a absolutely stunning stained glass effect. There are several rooms and passages, including the "shotgun" which is a hole were you wait on the tide and then push through blasting back out of the cave and along the reef. Make sure you have ample time to explore for lots of crabs, lobsters, shell life and even an occasional white tip reef shark.
The cavern in and of itself is a beautiful dive and thats what brings you in, but the surrounding reef is what makes you not want to resurface! . "
"Up close encounters with scalloped hammerheads and gin clear viz!"
"There are many dive shops on Oahu and all of the other islands. I am currently taking my Dive Master with Arron's dive shop Kaluia, HI. They are a good dive shop but a little on the high side. Most shops in Hawaii charge around $110-$130 for 2 dive off a boat. I did find a shop that has way cheaper prices. Its called Island Divers they charge around $65 for 2 dive off a boat. They were also running a special on Sat for 3 dives off a boat for $75, and they took us out to many great places a wreck dive and 2 drift dives.
As far as accommodations you can stay pretty much anywhere in Waikiki and just about every dive shop will pick you up. I am not sure what your budget is but you can find hotels in Waikiki from $80 and up, but average is around $120. They also have hostels for around $25-45 depending on dorm or semi private room. If you're open to meet and connect with some local people that can tell you lots of info and probably show you many things, as well as free accommodations any place in the world I would suggest you check out a website called www.couchsurfing.org create a profile. I am a very active member and key member in Hawaii for this group."
Offer black water night dives where you are attached to a 12 m vertical line in over 300 m of water at 10pm at night. You see life you've never seen before that rise to the surface to feed.
Prices from $89 for 2 tank dives with all gear included (2007).
"Fathom Five costs from $100 to $130, for a two tank boat dive. No more than 6 divers per boat, so nice personal attention. "
"Dived the south shore of Kauai with Seasport Divers and they are a great operation. very knowledge staff, great dives, and so many sea turtles. Then I dove Niihau with them. the best dives I've ever had. 150 foot viz, monk seals, so many rare fish, wall dives and huge swim throughs. this guys are great. I recommend them to anyone. $110 for a 2 tank dive, $260 for 3 tank Niihau trip, $15 for 2 tanks of Nitrox. Definately worth the $$$, and they had the best price for nitrox I've ever paid. $15 for 2 tanks at 32%."
"Giant Black Sea Bass, Garibaldi, kelp bass, lobsters... so much to see.
Daily dive trips to over fifteen different sites in San Diego. A NAUI dive centre offering Kelp forest and Wreck diving.
"I've dived and snorkled all over the world and La Jolla is a unique and beautiful place. SeaStar is a great dive guide company: professional, personable, detail oriented and dedicated to safety. Our guide was exceptionally familiar with the area and went the extra mile to make sure we had the best possible experience. I would recommend them to anyone. They went out of their way for us. Service was excellent.
Scuba diving and snorkeling tours of San Diego's best underwater sites. Scuba Adventure tours to Baja Mexico. Dive Instruction and boat dives also available.
"Florida and the Florida keys have wonderful coral spots, they are amazing, specially key largo."
"Ship sank as an artificial reef, sits in about 40 msw, not easy to access, therefore no fishermen. You will see goliath grouper, and an occasional sea turtle or shark. Good coral growth on the ship, and good swim through in the cargo hold."
"Part of the Florida Keys reef system, this is the most diverse gathering of soft and hard corals I've ever seen. Relatively shallow, it is a great dive for photography and beginners. You will see Caribbean reef sharks, nurse sharks, snapper, barricuda, and many lobster. Normal visibility is usually in the 30 to 40 m range year around, and in the winter a 3mm suit with a hood is recommended, but in summer, a shortie is fine."
"Number of reefs with abundant sea life."
"Good wreck can be strong current, depth 60' to 105'."
"Good wreck dive, good visibility, little current several swim throw's. Depth range65' to 110'"
"Part of the Florida Keys reef system, this is the most diverse gathering of soft and hard corals I've ever seen. Relatively shallow, it is a great dive for photography and beginners. You will see Caribbean reef sharks, nurse sharks, snapper, barricuda, and many lobster. Normal visibility is usually in the 30 to 40 m range year around, and in the winter a 3mm suit with a hood is recommended, but in summer, a shortie is fine.Nice reef dive with plenty of life, this is good for lobster season, or spearfishing if that is your bag. Lots of life, lots of coral, very relaxing and good for photography. Watch out for reef sharks and barracuda."
"The christ of abyss in key largo florida is probally the best diving spot. the only problem is that is too crowded. the first time i ever went i went down and prayed. i was a little scared at first because their were 5 sharks around but i relealized that they were spooked eaisly. the reef is nice but the staute is beautiful. don't step on the reefs thogh you get fined a lot by the florida P.D. "
"Great reef fish, lion fish"
"60 ft + vis, variety of life and coral"
"110 ft, 80 + ft vis, great temp, lot of wreck fish"
"Spring is a large volume producing spring adjacent to the Suwannee River ( a tannic coloured river do to cedar groves along the bank) Depth of spring 60 to 70 feet, clear water to rivers edge. There is the remains of an old civil war paddle wheeler burn to the waterline, by the crew and Captain, who went to fight for the Confederate forces. Animal life turtles, snakes catfish, mullet, bass and juvenile sole. The side walls of the spring are silts laden and conditions can go quickly from clear to murky, but the springs volume of water will clear up the spring within 20 Minutes. Best dove by divers with good buoyancy control. It is a good dive site if you have diving skills and those diving with you do as well…otherwise it will silt up. If you are a certified diver the cost of entry to the spring is $5.00. "
SCUBA diving and rescue training institute.
Diving in Key Largo at John Pennekamp State Park.
" This is one of the oldest commercial diver training centers in Florida. When they don't have students, they will take a minimum of 4 divers to any site you wish, or will recommend some good ones. Very professional, very safety oriented and interesting people. The first day we went out, it was stormy with heavy seas, but the operator was willing, and since we were all experienced divers they took us out. The boat was set for 20 divers, so very spacious with just 4 of us. The captain and dive master were first rate. Good value for money, since most 2 tank dive trips in the keys, cost about US $70 to $80, with tips extra, a 1/2 day 2 tank dive will cost about US $75. Good value for money, since most 2 tank dive trips in the keys cost about US $70 to $80, with tips extra.
Most of the dive operations in the Middle Keys cooperate with one another, so if there is a certain spot you would like to dive and the shop you called isn't going there, they will call around and find another boat.
On highway 200, one block West of highway 441.
Come check out our adventurous dive expeditions for both the novice and the highly skilled. Our premier dive vessel is docked in Key Largo , Florida, the home of the third largest barrier reef in the world. The reefs here are spectacular and rival those of many Caribbean areas. Approximately 6,000 coral reefs are found between Key Biscayne and Dry Tortugas. Our trips offer personalized dive charters to fit your skill level whether you're a novice or among the highly skilled."
"Will go out with as few as 2 paying divers, big plus. Highest safety standards, PADI 5 Star center.
Stayed at the Marriott, Holiday Inn, Marina Del Mar - excellentvalue.
They train in some of the best fresh water springs in Florida. I did my openwater final dive in Devil's Den... great site. If you want to get certified - this is a great way to do it. Visit Fla, where the weather is great, dive some springs... These guys are flexible, will arrange training for you. They will work with you on your training. They never "fail" a student - they will continue your instruction for no added charge until you pick up the skills you need. They are in Orlando - plenty of places to stay. The equipment they sell high quality equipment and their prices are some of the lowest anywhere..
Best dive shop I know of.
"Dave Champagne @ Key Dives. Great people, reasonable cost. Safest group I've ever been with, great visibility, warm waters, coral, wrecks, amazing fish. The crew is fantastic (Jack, Morgan, Eric) boat crew all very good, 42 ft boat, well equipped. Instruction is first class.
Excellent value, I did adv open water/enriched air. Best group I've been with and that includes Tahiti, Bora Bora, Maui and Australia. I can't wait to go back to Key Dives"
"While both on the deeper side (for beginners) 70-100', super accessible and open "
In the summer and fall of 1998, a little known freshwater creature has appeared in Dive Land Park's quarry, Craspedacusta sowerbii or Freshwater Jellyfish as they are more commonly referred to. It is not common to see occurrences of freshwater Jellyfish, so I must say I felt privileged to get an up-close view of this harmless nickel sized creature. C. sowerbii, other than their small size, seem to look and behave like their larger saltwater cousins and they cannot sting humans!
Be sure to look for the Freshwater Jellyfish when you visit Dive Land's quarry. They were observed in shallower waters near the quarry's rim from 0 to 35 ft. in depth.
For more complete and detailed information, and to report sightings, you must visit Dr. Terry Peard's research project on Craspedacusta sowerbi at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania. Dr. Perry is looking for sighting reports and details to continue building his research database.
This dive site promises to be more than just the average quarry/Pit dive..... IE cold water nothing to see..... If nothing else it is a chance to see freshwater Jellyies.... "
"The dive is not for the "faint of heart" especially if you are wearing a wetsuit (as I was). The temp drops to 41 degrees below the thermocline, but the views of well preserved shipwrecks is worth the shivering. My favorite is the Eber Ward, century old wreck in 120 feet of water.
This ship was sunk in 1909 after encountering packs of ice on its first journey of the season, leaving holes in the bow large enough to swim through. There are entrances at the stern as well, and once inside you can swim from one end to the other entirely inside on not one but TWO decks. The upper one is the more interesting, with rows of hand carts towards the bow, and well-preserved loading gear hanging under every cargo hatch.
Two large, hinged anchors are still inside the bow, and another rest just below on the lake bottom.
One of the strangest items to find was a capstan inside the wreck.
The not-to-be-missed items on this wreck include the prop, bathtub, and ultra-rare mushroom anchor which is still in place in the hawse pipe on the port side.
Of the 700 or so dives that I've done around the world since 1975, this was my favorite.
"Beaver Island, Lake Michigan,cold fresh water dives. Lots of steamer 1900 ship wrecks in shallow water near the islands surrounding Beaver Island. Contact Mike Weede to take you to the destinations."
"North Carolina has some of the best diving on the east coast, including some of the best wreck diving in the world. The gulf stream allows for great visability.
A german submarine sunk in 1942. It was depth-charged by US coast guard boat Icarus and then scuttled by crew who abandoned ship at the surface. Seventeen crew were killed and the reset taken as prisoners of war. The U-352 lies at 30-35 m (100-115 ft). It is intact and you can swim round it a couple of times during a dive.
"Nazi sub actually sunk in battle. The wreck is still in great conditions and easily accessible at recreational depths. Home to many sand tiger sharks. Dead Nazis and sharks...who could ask for more!
Please send us your comments on diving in the USA. Do you want to recommend a diving centre or dive site? Let us know. Have a question - we're waiting to hear from you.


The Go-Lab Sharing Platform provides a large collection of quality-proven remote and virtual laboratories ("Labs"), shared by renowned research institutions and technology providers from all over the world. These online labs allow students conducing scientific experiments in a virtual environment. Furthermore, multiple web-applications ("Apps") are offered, supporting students in their inquiry learning activities and teachers in the preparation, implementation, and monitoring of these activities. Finally, teachers have a possibility to share Inquiry Learning Spaces ("Spaces") they create for their students with other teachers, so they can benefit from ready-to-use scenarios available for different subject domains and in different languages.
The Go-Lab Authoring Platform enables teachers to easily create Inquiry Learning Spaces, which are virtual spaces, structured according to the phases of the inquiry learning process and containing online labs, inquiry learning apps, and any other multimedia learning materials selected by the teacher. These spaces can be shared by the teacher with her students, so they can study individually or in groups, going through all steps of a research process and conducting online experiments. Moreover, using the learning analytics applications, the teacher can monitor the progress of the students and provide support, if needed. Communication and collaboration tools for teachers and students are available as well.
The Go-Lab Ecosystem was developed in scope of the research and innovation project Go-Lab (Global Online Science Labs for Inquiry Learning at School), which was co-funded by the European Commission (7th Framework Programme, Grant agreement No 317601). Currently, the platform is being further developed in scope of the innovation project Next-Lab (Next Generation Stakeholders and Next Level Ecosystem for Collaborative Science Education with Online Labs; co-funded by the European Commission, Horizon2020, Grant agreement No 731685) and GO-GA (Go-Lab goes Africa co-funded by the European Commission, Horizon2020, Grant agreement No 781012).


THE PRESIDENT: Good afternoon. His Majesty King Hassan and I have just concluded a very productive and wide-ranging meeting. We apologize for talking a little longer than the scheduled time, but we had much to discuss. Let me begin by thanking him for his visit, and continuing the tradition that he first began with President Kennedy of providing wise counsel to American presidents.
Of course, we talked about how we can best support and accelerate the momentum for peace in the Middle East. His Majesty's visit comes at a time of renewed hope. As a result of Secretary Christopher's intensive discussions in the region, we now have an agreement to resume direct talks between Israel and Syria. This is a very encouraging development. Combined with the new energy we see in the Israel-Palestinian discussions, and continued progress in implementing the Jordan-Israel peace treaty, I believe there is now a real opportunity to secure a durable resolution to the Arab-Israeli conflict.
The promise of peace owes much to King Hassan's vision and courage. He helped to arrange President Sadat's historic trip to Jerusalem. He undertook a direct dialogue with Israel at a time when doing so was difficult. His quiet diplomacy facilitated talks between other Arab leaders and Israel. And Morocco continues to lead the effort to build a new Middle East.
His majesty and I agreed that one key to peace is bringing tangible economic benefits to the people of the Middle East; a change in the quality of their daily lives so that they can develop a real stake in peaceful cooperation. That's why the process begun under King Hassan's leadership at the Casablanca Summit last October, is so important in order to expand economic integration and encourage private sector growth and investment.
His Majesty and I reviewed the next step in this process, including the Amman business summit this fall. We also discussed taking down barriers to trade and investment, such as the Arab League boycott of Israel that had denied the Middle East its full place as a dynamic participant in the global economy.
We discussed our shared interest in fighting the spread of weapons of mass destruction, which pose a threat to the entire Middle East and, indeed, to the world. I emphasized the importance the United States attaches to securing the indefinite extension of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty as a vital part of this effort.
We are also working to build closer economic ties. Today we will sign a trade and investment framework agreement to expand bilateral commerce and investment and to provide a framework for further trade liberalization. And Morocco announced plans to establish a counterpart in the United States to the U.S.-Morocco Joint Committee on Trade and Investment.
Later this afternoon, His Majesty will preside over a protocol signing with the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. OPIC will guarantee $200 million in U.S. government support for a $1.5-billion power plant being built by an American company near Casablanca. Morocco's decision to welcome foreign participation in privatizing its state-owned power sector made this project possible. Together with similar ventures in the future, it promise to generate jobs and exports for the United States and to provide Morocco with the electricity it needs to power its own industrial growth.
Finally, I'd like to express my own gratitude to the King for his enlightened leadership of the Organization of the Islamic Conference. I share his conviction that Islam can be a powerful force for tolerance and moderation in the world, and that its traditional values -- devotion to family and to society, to faith and good works -- are in harmony with the best of Western ideals.
As I said in my speeches to the parliaments of Jordan and Israel, the United States has great respect for Islam and wishes to work with its followers throughout the world to secure peace and a better future for all our children.
Throughout the course of our long friendship, which goes back to the very beginning of this country, Morocco and the United States have worked together to shape the world we live in for the better. King Hassan and I are committed to continuing that great partnership for progress well into the future. And I thank him for the contributions he has made to that today.
KING HASSAN: To begin with, I'd like to reiterate my thanks to Mr. President for the warm welcome with which we have been surrounded ever since we have tread the soil of this country.
We have spoken about many issues, Mr. President and myself. Now, we did not have the opportunity of knowing each other personally before, but we have come to know each other through the messages that we have exchanged in the past, and also by means of the various positions that were taken by Mr. President concerning the peace in the Middle East. I think that Mr. Clinton should be proud of his balance sheet after two years in the White House.
We have also talked about bilateral issues. And, thanks to God, we have come to realize how much harmony exists between the positions of our two countries. However, in the modern world in which we live today, there can be so schizophrenia in any healthy relationship. There is absolutely no justification for us to have such excellent political relations on the one hand, and then on the other hand, to have economic relations that are not up to the same level.
Up to now, we have been a one-legged man in our mutual action. And I hope that in the future we will be able to walk on two feet -- that is, hand in hand, towards the prosperity and the success we are hoping for both countries.
Obviously, the United States of America has its own vision of matters because it deals with international issues. And therefore, the analysis of matters have to be to that proportion.
Morocco, though modest the way it is, has its own vision of things. Thanks to God, during our talks, we had absolutely no differences concerning our principles, ideals and the aims that are to be attained. But considering that Mr. President and myself are perfectionists, we have to devise the most appropriate strategy in order for us to reach the aims that both countries have in mind.
Mr. President, once again I want to thank you for your warm welcome, but I would like also to thank you for the open heart with which I have been received here in the White House.
Q Mr. President, you spoke this morning of the need to accelerate the peace process. What can the United States do to break the impasse when Syria and Israel resume negotiations next week?
PRESIDENT CLINTON: Well, of course we're doing what we can with the Secretary's trip to the Middle East, and with the work that Mr. Ross and others are doing. What we have sought to do, always, is to facilitate the conditions within which both parties will feel secure in making peace. That has always been our role. We cannot make a peace for the parties, and we're doing what we can once again, to make our best case to both sides about what things will make them secure in making the decision.
As you know, when they discuss matters of this kind, it's best to let them deal with the details and make the decisions. So the less I say about the specifics, the greater the opportunity they have to make the peace.
Is there a question from Morocco?
Q Mr. President, you have spoken during the last visit you had made that you were concerned with stability -- in Paris -- that you were concerned with stability in North Africa. You have also spoken about the fact that Morocco is a point of stability and security in the region. Now, in your discussions with His Majesty, did you come to devise some kind of strategy in order to strengthen and sustain this idea of the security in the North African region?
THE PRESIDENT: His Majesty and I spoke at great length about North Africa, and I asked him for his evaluation and for his advice with regard to a number of countries. And I think it's fair to say that he believes the United State is pursuing the right policy.
One of the things I think we have to do is to try to strengthen economically the forces of progress and tolerance, which is why I'm very pleased about the agreements that we have announced with Morocco today. We will continue to push to support elements of progress and tolerance in other nations as well.
Your Majesty, would you like to say anything about that question?
Q The question is addressed to both you and His Majesty. What about the latest in the establishment of the Middle East development bank? The regional powers are anxious for it in the Middle East, but some European leaders are opposed to it. What is happening with it, and, if so, what's the timetable on it?
THE PRESIDENT: I don't know that I can give you a timetable. I can tell you that we are committed to it, as you know, and we are working with our allies in Europe. We're doing our best to set it up, and we'll do it as quickly as possible. I still think it's a good idea.
Q Your Majesty, you had the opportunity to meet seven Presidents of the United States. How did you find the President Bill Clinton different of the other? Thank you.
KING HASSAN: First, let me say that no two men are alike. As a wise man once said, style is what defines the man. All the different presidents that I've had the honor to meet here contribute together to the richness and the variety in the United States. Each time it has been a new style, a new inspiration, a new team.
Q Thank you, Mr. President. Your Majesty, I'd like to ask you, sir, what you make of the increasing political difficulties that President Mubarak is said to be facing in Egypt, and whether this subject arose between the two of you today? And also, Mr. President, I'd like to have your views on that as well.
KING HASSAN: Let me state, first of all, that this world in which we live cannot be without political crisis. Each country, on whatever continent and what of the social economic level and governance it has, confronts difficulties in economic, social or employment areas. But it was not on our agenda to carry out a check- up on Egypt, so we did not take the time to devote to that particular issue.
THE PRESIDENT: The only thing I would add is I thought His Majesty made a very important point when we discussed this briefly, which was that you cannot see the Egyptian difficulties solely in political terms, and that they have to be seen in the context of the challenge that that nation -- and I might add, many others are having around the world -- of sustainable development, of balancing a rapidly growing population with all the pressures and problems that creates with the need to provide for them food and shelter and education and a stable set of opportunities. And I appreciated that insight very much.
Q Your Majesty, we would like to know what you are doing on the level of the peace process in the Middle East and what is your position about the Arab boycott of Israel? Are there any disagreements between Morocco and the United States regarding this issue?
KING HASSAN: Yes, indeed, we did discuss the issue of boycott -- or that is, the boycott of the Arab states towards Israel. As I've said previously, I believe that man cannot walk on one leg. We are not looking into the peace process without looking into the economic peace process also. The boycott of which you have spoken is not a Moroccan-Israeli issue. It is a boycott on the part of all of the members of the Arab League, and independently of whatever the view of any of the members of the Arab League is. Concerning this issue, I would say that there has to be a compromise among the members of the Arab League if the boycott is to be lifted.
As Mr. President has said previously, there are signs of goodwill that have been reported from Secretary Christopher's trip to Syria. And there is no doubt that the progress that is scored in the peace negotiations between Israel and Syria will certainly bring about a collective decision on the part of all of the members of the Arab League concerning the lifting of the boycott.


❶Please forward this error screen to Thanks for your initial input though.
Complained and finally were successful, with all our original marks reinstated. So stick with it, even if the original appeal is turned down.
What really helped us was the fact that our previous coursework had never been changed and in fact moderation had praised how it had been conducted, so we were able to show major inconsistencies from year to year.
PM me if I can help at all. How did you find your other Edexcel results? Some of our Unit 1 results were shocking.
Best of luck, Jon. Never ever had my coursework marked down. It dropped a few excellent students out of A grade into B grade. In some cases it was moderated down from an A to a C or a B to a D.
I have spent the day on the phone to various universities with students. It has been a horrible day. Starting uni is full of surprises: Start new discussion Reply. T Follow 1 follower 14 badges Send a private message to W. Follow 1 This is for A-level unit 4 by the way My teacher isn't the most knowledgeable on this as its the first time the school has done this syllabus.
So I would really appreciate some heads up on some concerns of mine. Roughly how many sources would I be expected to bring in for each of the two essays? I mean, I get the idea that I start off with a point to make, and then check for books or articles that could back this up. But for example, how do I incorporate a view of a historian that I've found in a book. Also technique-wise would this be very similar to unit 2. Apparently for part B, I don't need to evaluate source material.
So does this literally mean that I could take things at face value? Follow 2 I'm currently doing my edexcel cw, I've so far got about 6 footnotes per page for part a, 4 per page for part b. I reckon I spend about 4 hours a week on this? C-Brown Follow 1 follower 11 badges Send a private message to A.
Follow 3 Which topic are you doing your coursework on? And about five sources in both part A and part B and you should be fine vital in part A. You only need to evaluate them in part A, and yes, it is very similar to the skills used in Unit 2 But that doesn't necessarily mean you can take part B sources at face value, but rather consider them in light of your own argument - where do they fit?
Do they challenge the view of another historian? Do you agree with the view of this historian? Use them to support your argument and prove a point.
Follow 4 Original post by A. C-Brown Which topic are you doing your coursework on? Follow 5 We have more than 5 years supplying around 15 products in Dominican Republic. Our Customers satisfaction express the service and quality with supplied. Skip to content Need fresh vegetables Feel free to look our great variety.
Ready to order healthy choices Feel free to look around. Reliable delivery with great prices Contact us now. Your customers deserve fresh products. Call now and become one of our happy customers.
Read the guidance and complete the form to get feedback on your proposed coursework texts and titles. edexcel a2 history coursework help Get the latest information on our history qualifications and support direct to your inbox.
Edexcel AS and A level History Top marks for Summer marking Additional specimen papers now available. AS and A level in History at a glance history I agree to receiving information or offers from Pearson related to the coursework I have downloaded. Edexcel AS and A level History Top marks for Summer marking Additional history papers now help. AS and A level in History at a glance coursework I agree to edexcel information or offers from Pearson related to the content I have downloaded.
An Excellent A2 History Coursework In 13 Easy Steps. A2 History coursework tips. Date: 18/02/ Our Edexcel A level in History offers a broad and balanced course of study that will help you to build on your understanding of the past and become a critical and reflective thinker.


text:
Q: Using a DbContext variable from one Controller to Another Hi I am using MVC 4 and C# to develop an application that has two controllers:
The first one is called Business, it has a method called Create that calls a method called CreatePartner from another Controller named PartnerController.
public class BusinessController : Controller
{
   private storeContext db = new storeContext();

   public ActionResult Create(Business business)
  {
      //Some stuff here

      PartnerController pt = new PartnerController();
      pt.CreatePartner(int partner_id);

      //Here is another stuff that uses db DbContext variable
      return RedirectToAction("Index");
  }
}

This is the second controller Called Partner
public class PartnerController : Controller
{
   private storeContext db = new storeContext();

   public void CreatePartner(int partner_id)
  {
      //Some interesting stuff
  }
}

Each controllers has its Dispose() method
The Problem is: After I called the CreatePartnet method from Business controller I try to use the db variable again to save other data but it throws me the following exception:
 The operation can not be completed because the DbContext has been disposed

-What is the best way to Use methods from one controller to another that has the same DbContext variable name?.
-Something strange happens: My stuff works locally but when I publish my code in the IIS server is when the app throws that exception.
Thanks!

A: Might I suggest an alternative approach?
Controllers are not very good places for business logic; that is they're not very good places for "doing stuff". It's often demonstrated in MVC tutorials and examples in this manner but it's really only good for getting into MVC quickly - it's not very good practice.
Furthermore Controllers aren't really supposed to have methods to be called - from themselves or called from another Controller. Controllers should really just contain their Actions.
Instead, extract your logic to an external class. A Service is a design pattern in which commonly used business logic is abstracted away. That way things can have a reference to the service and execute the logic without knowing anything about the implementation.
Observe:
IPartnerService
public interface IPartnerService
{
    void CreatePartner(int partnerId);
}

DefaultPartnerService
public class DefaultPartnerService : IPartnerService
{
    private StoreContext db;

    public DefaultPartnerService()
    {
        db = new StoreContext();
    }

    public void CreatePartner(int partnerId)
    {
        // Something interesting
    }
}

BusinessController
public class BusinessController : Controller
{
    private IPartnerService _partnerService;

    public BusinessController()
    {
        _partnerService = new DefaultPartnerService();
    }

    public ActionResult Create(Business business)
    {
        _partnerService.CreatePartner(business.PartnerId);
        return RedirectToAction("Index");
    }

}

Of course this approach is also greatly simplified for educational purposes. It's not best practice yet, but it might put you on the right track. Eventually you'll discover problems with this approach and you'll gravitate to reading about Repositories, Unit of Work, Dependency Injection and so on.


text:
Q: How to install updates during system shutdown? This question applies to RedHat 7,8,9 (and derivatives), as well as Ubuntu 20.04 and 22.04 (all of them systemd-based). My guess is that the answer will be the similar for all, but I found that they are not the same.
I would like to "hook" into the system shutdown sequence in order to install updates. The idea being that, since maintenance windows for reboot are hard to obtain, and admins sometimes forget to install updates before rebooting, I want this to happen automatically.
I also want this to happen regardless of how or why the shutdown was initiated, whether with shutdown -r, shutdown -h, systemctl reboot, or any of the various other methods.
The general outline of hooking into the shutdown sequence with systemd is easy enough:
# This service is will watch for a clean shutdown, and install updates etc.
# before the actual shutdown.

# Credit goes to https://opensource.com/life/16/11/running-commands-shutdown-linux

[Unit]
Description=Run package updates at shutdown
#------------ Ubuntu version ------------
Requires=network.target
BindsTo=network.target multi-user.target systemd-resolved.service rsyslog.service
After=network.target multi-user.target systemd-resolved.service rsyslog.service
#------------ RedHat version ------------
Requires=network.target
BindsTo=network.target multi-user.target boot.mount rsyslog.service
After=network.target multi-user.target boot.mount rsyslog.service
#------------- End distro specific ---------
DefaultDependencies=no
Before=shutdown.target reboot.target

[Service]
Type=oneshot
RemainAfterExit=true
ExecStart=/bin/true
ExecStop=update_script.sh
# Allow enough time to complete an update. Default would be 90 seconds
TimeoutStopSec=3600

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

update_script.sh does this:
systemstatus=$(systemctl is-system-running)
case "$systemstatus" in
 stopping)
   <do updates>
   ;;
 *)
   # Unknown state, don't do updates
   # This prevents updates when starting/stopping the service manually.
   ;;
esac

The problem here is that the updates happen when the process is already partially shut down. As a result, some updates would not properly install.
But when I put the script too early in the shutdown sequence, systemctl is-system-running reports "running" instead of "shutting down" - in that case, the script believes that the service was just stopped manually, and does not perform the updates.
What I need is:

*

*A way to run this service first, before any other part of the shutdown sequence.

*A way to prevent systemd from concurrently shutting down any other services.

*A way to reliably detect even during the early stages that the system is in the process of shutting down, before "systemd is-system-running" reports it correctly.

Or alternatively, I need some other (clean, non-hackish) way to hook into the system shutdown before anything else is shut down.
Note: I have also experimented with doing the updates in the startup phase instead of the shutdown phase. But this might necessitate a second reboot, so it is not desirable.


text:
São Pedro es una freguesia portuguesa del concelho de Trancoso, con 15,27 km² de superficie y 1.793 habitantes (2001). Su densidad de población es de 117,4 hab/km².

Enlaces externos

 São Pedro en freguesiasdeportugal.com (en portugués)
 Información administrativa sobre São Pedro (en portugués)

Antiguas freguesias de Portugal
Freguesias de Trancoso

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Many things people do on a regular basis can contribute to stained teeth. For example, smoking cigarettes and drinking beverages like coffee, tea, cola, and red wine can discolor the teeth. Teeth whitening (or bleaching) is a simple, non-invasive dental treatment used to whiten and brighten the natural tooth enamel, making it an ideal way to enhance the beauty of your smile.
Because having a bright, luminous smile is the number one aesthetic concern of most patients, the dentists at Dental Health Solutions of North Andover offer Sinsational Smile® teeth whitening treatment for achieving a whiter smile.
If you are looking for teeth whitening treatment in North Andover, please contact our North Andover dentist office to set up a consultation or appointment. We look forward to hearing from you!


"my hair flat iron it or curl "
my first choice would be to iron it if I were you. otherwise you can also shorten it a bit to contain its volume.
curl is awesome! you have excellent hair volume so be careful about using to much heat you can flat iron but I wouldn't do it to much curl is great!
If i were you i will maintain the curly hair but better to make it short adding hair color will brithen up your face.


text:
The Complete Lyrics of Johnny Mercer
By Johnny Mercer, Robert Kimball, Barry Day, Miles Kreuger and Eric Davis
Category: Music | 20th Century U.S. History
About The Complete Lyrics of Johnny Mercer
The seventh volume in Knopf's critically acclaimed Complete Lyrics series, published in Johnny Mercer's centennial year, contains the texts to more than 1,200 of his lyrics, several hundred of them published here for the first time.
Johnny Mercer's early songs became staples of the big band era and were regularly featured in the musicals of early Hollywood. With his collaborators, who included Richard A. Whiting, Harry Warren, Hoagy Carmichael, Jerome Kern, and Harold Arlen, he wrote the lyrics to some of the most famous standards, among them, "Too Marvelous for Words," "Jeepers Creepers," "Skylark," "I'm Old-Fashioned," and "That Old Black Magic."
During a career of more than four decades, Mercer was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Song an astonishing eighteen times, and won four: for his lyrics to "On the Atchison, Topeka, and the Santa Fe" (music by Warren), "In the Cool, Cool, Cool of the Evening" (music by Carmichael), and "Moon River" and "Days of Wine and Roses" (music for both by Henry Mancini).
You've probably fallen in love with more than a few of Mercer's songs–his words have never gone out of fashion–and with this superb collection, it's easy to see that his lyrics elevated popular song into art.
About Robert Kimball
Robert Kimball was educated at Yale College and Yale Law School. He has been the music critic of the New… More about Robert Kimball
About Barry Day
Barry Day was born in England and received his M.A. from Balliol College, Oxford. Day has written about Dorothy Parker,… More about Barry Day
Published by Knopf
Oct 20, 2009 | 488 Pages | 10-5/8 x 11-1/2 | ISBN 9780307265197
James Ball
"This is the seventh volume in one of the most worthwhile scholarly enterprises of our time, the effort to collect all the lyrics of the great pop songwriters of the 20th century. . . . The scholarship is impressive . . . a labor of love . . . Amazingly prolific . . . Mercer tended to think of each lyric as complete in itself, a little poem . . . He seemed comfortable across the entirety of America, and said as much in song: 'Any place I hang my hat is home.' But he always kept up his connection to the South, which provided him with the inspiration for much of his best work. . . . The other great lyricists had many ear-bending adjectives in their quivers. But none of them ever came up with a more perfect word for a song than Johnny Mercer did when his Southern unconscious gave him the gift of 'huckleberry.'"
—Barry Gewen, The New York Times Book Review
"[Mercer] could be considered the best lyricist of the last five-score years. . . . one of the most evocative writers about the American South who's ever put pen to paper. . . . Enjoying a book such as this is akin to turning on an internal iPod. . . . Mercer wrote 'That Old Black Magic' and infused it—and everything else he copiously imagined—with that old knack magic."
—David Finkle, The Huffington Post


text:
Priest Creates Minecraft Vatican Server to Offer Less-Toxic Environment
NVIDIA DLDSR Makes Old Games Look Better With AI and Little Performance Cost
Halo Infinite is Reducing Microtransaction Store Prices
Sillicur
A Jesuit priest who previously studied engineering in Silicon Valley, Fr. Robert Ballecer, is creating his own Vatican Minecraft server with the aim to create a less-toxic environment that you would normally find in games and where players can freely express themselves.
RELATED: Star Citizen Surpasses $250 Million in Funding – That's Over R3.6 Billion
As reported by Rome Reports (view the video at the bottom of this article) Fr. Robert Ballecer began this campaign by asking his followers on Twitter what game they would like to see a test server of this nature for, with options like Team Fortress 2, Ark: Survival Evolved and even Rust (yes really) thrown into the mix. Minecraft came out on top with over 60% of the votes and now, there's a Minecraft Vatican server.
This is all to create a less-toxic environment for gamers and to get people together, build relationships and even move those relationships over into the real world. In the report, Fr. Robert Ballecer explains that:
It's not about the technology, it's not even really about the gaming. It's about getting people together who can then maybe move those relationships to the real world. At first, there were a lot of people who were very hesitant, because you see this guy in a collar talking about the latest offerings from Google, or how you run fibre optics across the Atlantic. And they didn't understand, they said, 'Wait a minute, these two things don't go together.' But after a time, they realized, 'Okay, he knows what he's talking about, he just happens to be a priest.' And ultimately, that was the ministry I was trying to do.
If you own the game, you can head on over to minecraft.digitaljesuit.com to join the Minecraft Vatican server.
RELATED: Resident Evil 3 Remake Teased in Steam Sale Art
Check out the video below where Fr. Robert Ballecer speaks about the Vatican Minecraft server and the idea behind all this.
[su_youtube url="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OkYjxCkEcd4″ width="900″]
Gaming | PC | Priest Creates Minecraft Vatican Server to Offer Less-Toxic Environment


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