text:
\section{Introduction}
Quantum entanglement  is beyond any understanding based on classical correlations.
Being an intrinsic  property of nature it underpins fundamental phenomena and questions the idea of classical causality. Besides, it finds, and most probably will be finding,  multiple applications in quantum optics \cite{ZukowskiRMP},  quantum key distribution \cite{BB84,EkertCrypto}, and  quantum computing \cite{Jozsa_ent_qc_first,Gruska}. It enables quantum teleportation \cite{BBCJPW} and  provides significant improvement in engineering  solutions.
Because of those studies, entanglement \cite{HoroRMP} has become  an intensively developing research field.

However, despite multiple breakthroughs in the understanding of entanglement its detection remains an np-hard problem \cite{GurvitzNPHard}.
Some methods turn out to be more effective than other ones for the particular scenario for a given quantum state.
This is why there is still a need to construct different entanglement conditions e.g. entanglement indicators (aka witnesses) \cite{SimonBouw, MASHA, ZUKUSTOKES,  RYU}, that are sufficient entanglement conditions.

The majority of entanglement witnesses are constructed for finite-dimensional scenarios \cite{TerhalReview, Lewenstein00a}. Yet, the entanglement of quantum optical fields with the undefined number of particles (excitations) is  now of growing interest.
With the development of experimental technologies, theoretical concepts involving entanglement of quantum states of undefined photon numbers can be tested experimentally \cite{PNR1,PNR2}, and may gain  practical value in terms of use in quantum technologies.

Entanglement indicators of a very handy form involving intensities of optical fields were introduced in \cite{SimonBouw}, and their more efficient form  was derived in \cite{MASHA}. Several generalizations of these were given in \cite{ZUKUSTOKES} and \cite{RYU}. We shall show here a further refinement of these conditions, which leads to more efficient indicators of the detection of entanglement which are based on measurements of (correlations) of field intensities. We shall use  a simple representation of optical intensity via photon number observables, but the approach can be generalized to other situations. All conditions given here will be tailored such that they can be readily used in the case of the four-mode bright squeezed vacuum (essentially the output of strongly driven Type II parametric down conversion).

All this will be put in the form of conditions on correlations of Stokes measurements. These will be formulated both for the standard quantum optical stokes observables, as well as modified "normalized" Stokes observables, see \cite{ZUKUSTOKES}. Below one can find a short description of these observables. This will be followed by a discussion on the entanglement conditions that we want to improve, and finally the improved conditions will be derived.

\section{Improved entanglement indicators for two beams and polarization}
\subsection{Standard vs. normalized Stokes operators}
Entanglement conditions for quantum optical fields requires proper observables,  represented by self-adjoint operators, as prime sources of data..
If one is interested in polarisation measurement and  assuming that the intensity of the light is proportional to the number of photons impinging on a detector, then one can use the standard Stokes operators \cite{SimonBouw} of the following form:
\begin{equation}
    \hat \Theta_i = \hat a_i^\dagger \hat a_i - \hat a_{i_\perp}^\dagger \hat a_{i_\perp},
\label{OLDSTOKES}
\end{equation}
where $\hat a$ stands for the annihilation operator of a particular quantum optical field, labeled by mode $a$.
The indices  $\{i,i_\perp\}$ denote two  orthogonal polarization degrees of freedom of that field,  related to  given three mutually unbiased  bases indexed  with $i = 1,2,3$  e.g.: $i = 1$ can stand for $\{ +45^{\circ} ,-45^{\circ} \}$ (diagonal/anti-diagonal basis), $i = 2$ is for $(\{R,L\})$ (right and  left-handed basis) and $i=3$  is for  $\{H,V\}$ (horizontal/vertical basis).
The zeroth Stokes operator  denotes total intensity of the beam and here, it is modelled by the total photon number operator: $ \hat \Theta_0 = \hat N =  \hat a_i^\dagger \hat a_i + \hat a_{i_\perp}^\dagger \hat a_{i_\perp}$,

We emphasize that the model of intensity as proportional to numbers of photons is not the only possible one and it is just our choice motivated by simplicity.

Normalized Stokes-like operators were suggested in \cite{He_2012} in the context of Bose-Einstein condensates,  and in rediscovered for quantum optics in \cite{ZUKUSTOKES}. We follow here the technical description of these which was introduced in the latter publication. It reads:
\begin{equation}
     \hat S_i = \hat \Pi \frac{\hat a_i^\dagger \hat a_i - \hat a_{i_\perp}^\dagger \hat a_{i_\perp}}{\hat N} \hat \Pi.
     \label{NEWSTOKES}
\end{equation}
where $\hat \Pi$, defined as $\mathbb{I} - \ket{\Omega}\bra{\Omega}$, projects out the vacuum component of a given beams i.e. states of the type:
$\hat a_i \ket{0,0} = \hat a_{i_{\perp}} \ket{0,0} = 0 $.
Note that $\hat S_0 = \hat \Pi$. It was shown in \cite{ZUKUSTOKES} that normalized Stokes operators lead  to stronger entanglement conditions, and that any multiqubit entanglement witness can me easily transformed into an entglement indication for quantum optical fields involving the normalized Stokes operators. Also the normalized Stokes operators lead straightforwardly to proper Bell inequalities for quantum fields.

Note that in an experiment, for a single run,  the recorded values of normalized Stokes observables are obtained from the same set of data, one required to get the values of the standard Stokes observables, that is we need the values of $\hat{n}_i$ and $\hat{n}_{i\perp}$.
Note that  experiments involving photon  number resolving detectors are nowadays feasible,  see e.g. \cite{PNR1} \cite{PNR2}.

\subsection{Separability  condition involving variances}

In 2003, Simon and Bouwmeester \cite{SimonBouw} drerived
an entanglement condition  based on EPR anticorrelations involving standard Stokes operators $\hat \Theta_i$, as in Eq. (\ref{OLDSTOKES}).
For the set of separable states, their condition reads:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat \Theta}_{i}^A
+{\hat \Theta}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{sep}  \geq 2 \langle \hat N^A + \hat N^B\rangle_{sep},    \label{SIMBOM}
\end{equation}
where $\langle . \rangle_{sep}$ is an average for any separable state $\rho^{AB}_{sep}$, and ${\Theta}_{i}^A$ is the Stokes operator for the subsystem $A$, while ${\Theta}_{i}^B$ is  for $B$.

In \cite{ZUKUSTOKES} one can find a separability condition (\ref{SIMBOM}), which is put in terms of normalized Stokes operators. It reads:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat S}_{i}^A
+{\hat S}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{sep}  \geq  \left\langle\hat\Pi^A \frac{2}{\hat N^A}\hat\Pi^A + \hat\Pi^B\frac{2}{\hat N^B}\hat\Pi^B\right\rangle_{sep}.
\label{ZUKUSIMON}
\end{equation}
Obviously the left hand side condition is also perfect for the EPR anti correlated states,as we have $\sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat S}_{i}^A
+{\hat S}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{EPR}=0 $, and therefore it works efficiently as a condition for entanglement in this case. However the conditions (\ref{SIMBOM}) and
(\ref{ZUKUSIMON}) are not equivalent. The latter one detects better entanglement of the bright squeezed vacuum state with aforementioned EPR anticorrelations.

In Ref. \cite{RYU} stronger versions of entanglement indicators  (\ref{SIMBOM}) and (\ref{ZUKUSIMON}), based of the EPR properties,  were introduced:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat \Theta}_{i}^A
+{\hat \Theta}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{sep}  \geq 2 \langle \hat N^A + \hat N^B\rangle_{sep} + \langle \hat N^A -\hat N^B\rangle^2
\label{GENERALSIMBOM}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat S}_{i}^A
+{\hat S}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{sep}  \geq  \left\langle\hat\Pi^A \frac{2}{\hat N^A}\hat\Pi^A + \hat\Pi^B\frac{2}{\hat N^B}\hat\Pi^B\right\rangle_{sep} + \langle \hat \Pi^A -\hat \Pi^B\rangle^2 .
\label{GENERALZUKSIM}
\end{equation}

One can find in  \cite{RYU}
also different formulations of the above separability conditions
\begin{equation}
    \sum_{i}^3|\langle \hat S_i^A\hat S_i^B \rangle|_{sep} \leq \langle \hat \Pi^A\hat\Pi^B\rangle_{sep}
\label{CAUSHYNEW}
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
    \sum_{i}^3|\langle \hat \Theta_i^A\hat \Theta_i^B \rangle|_{sep} \leq \langle \hat N^A\hat N^B\rangle_{sep}
\label{CAUSHYOLD}
\end{equation}

In Ref. \cite{MASHA} the authors notice the following. In many experimental situations it is much better to use variances of the intensities, rather than the intensities themselves, and derived a suitable separability condition which is stronger than (\ref{SIMBOM}):

\begin{equation}
\label{VAR0masha}
\begin{multlined}
\Delta \hat {\vec{ \Theta}}^{{AB}^2} = \sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat \Theta}_{i}^A
+{ \hat \Theta}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle {\hat \Theta}_{i}^A
+{\hat \Theta}_{i}^B \rangle^2_{sep}  \geq 2 \langle \hat N^A + \hat N^B\rangle_{sep}.
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}

An analogous condition was derived in \cite{bibimaster} of normalized Stokes operators. It reads
\begin{equation}
\label{VAR1masha}
\begin{multlined}
\Delta \hat{\vec{S}}^{{AB}^2}_{sep} = \sum_{i=1}^3 \langle ({\hat S}_{i}^A
+\hat{S}_{i}^B )^2\rangle_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat{ S}_{i}^A
+\hat{S}_{i}^B \rangle^2_{sep}  \geq 2 \left\langle \hat \Pi^A\frac{1}{\hat N^A}\hat\Pi^A + \hat \Pi^B\frac{1}{\hat N^B}\hat\Pi^B \right\rangle_{sep}.
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}

Note that,
 if for all ${i=1,2,3}$ one has
 $\langle \hat{\Theta}_i^A + \hat{\Theta}_i^B\rangle = 0$ or
 $\langle \hat{S}_i^A + \hat{S}_i^B\rangle = 0$ the respective above conditions (\ref{VAR0masha}) and (\ref{VAR1masha}). are reduced to
(\ref{SIMBOM}) and (\ref{ZUKUSIMON}). This is the reason why they are less efficient than (\ref{CAUSHYOLD}) and (\ref{CAUSHYNEW}).

The aim of our work is to improve further these conditions.

\subsection{Stronger entanglement conditions based on variances}

Here we present better separability conditions  than (\ref{VAR0masha}) and  (\ref{VAR1masha}).
The left hand side remains unchanged, but the bound on separable states is more optimal.  This is because the right hand sides will have additional non-negative terms.
We derive these conditions for standard and normalized Stokes operators.

Mixed separable states for the studied problem can be put in the following form
\begin{equation}
\rho^{AB}_{sep} =
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} f^{\dagger}_\lambda(\hat a, \hat a_{\perp})g^\dagger _\lambda(\hat b, \hat b_{\perp})\ketbra{\Omega}
f_\lambda(\hat a, \hat a_{\perp})g_\lambda(\hat b,\hat b_{\perp}),
\label{RHOSEP}
\end{equation}
where $f^{\dagger}_\lambda(\hat a^{}_1, \hat b_1)$ and $g^\dagger _\lambda(\hat a^{}_2, \hat b_2)$ are polynomial functions of annihilation operators acting on modes $a_i$ and $b_i$  of  $i$-th party, where $i=A,B$. The index $\lambda$ might be countable of continuous.

Before we proceed with the proof, let us define
\begin{equation}
\rho^{AB}_{\lambda} =
f^{\dagger}_\lambda(\hat a, \hat a_{\perp})g^\dagger _\lambda(\hat b, \hat b_{\perp})\ketbra{\Omega}
f_\lambda(\hat a, \hat a_{\perp})g_\lambda(\hat b,\hat b_{\perp}).
\label{RHO-LAMBDA}
\end{equation}
For such pure separable states the following basic properties of the Stokes parameters hold
$\sum_{i=1}^3\langle{\Theta_i^X}\rangle_\lambda^2\leq \langle{\hat{N}^X}\rangle_\lambda^2$, where $X=A,B$, and
$\sum_{i=1}^3\langle{S_i^X}\rangle_\lambda^2\leq \langle{\hat{\Pi}^X}\rangle_\lambda^2$.
In the notation $\langle{\hat{O}}\rangle_\lambda=\Tr{\hat{O}\rho^{AB}_\lambda}$, where $\hat O$ stands for an operator.
Other important basic inequalities are
$\langle{\Theta_i^A\Theta_j^B}\rangle_\lambda=
\langle{\Theta_i^A}\rangle_\lambda
\langle{\Theta_j^B}\rangle_\lambda$
and $\langle{S_i^A S_j^B}\rangle_\lambda=
\langle{S_i^A}\rangle_\lambda
\langle{S_j^B}\rangle_\lambda$.

\subsection{Standard Stokes operators}
We are going to analyze the variance of the Stokes vector $\Delta\vec{\hat\Theta}^{{AB}^2}$ of the   composed system $AB$ for separable states:
\begin{equation}
\Delta \vec{\hat\Theta}^{{AB}^2}_{sep} = \sum_{i=1}^3\Delta\hat\Theta^{A^{2}}_{i_{sep}} +
\sum_{i=1}^3\Delta \hat\Theta^{B^{2}}_{i_{sep}} + 2\sum_{i=1}^3\left(\langle\hat\Theta_i^A \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep} -
\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep} \langle\hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}
\right).
\label{VAR1}
\end{equation}
We see that the global variance of Stokes vector for both subsystems is equal to the local variances of Stokes vectors for Alice and Bob and the global covariance of two Stokes vector observables.

First, taking into account  the structure of separable states (\ref{RHOSEP}) we consider the third part of of the right hand side of (\ref{VAR1}). First note that:

\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
\label{COV0}
{}\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle\hat\Theta_i^A\hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep} -
\langle\hat \Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep} \langle\hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}
){} ={}\sum_{i=1}^3\langle (\hat\Theta_i^A  - \langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep})(\hat\Theta_i^B -
 \langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}
\rangle_{sep}{} \\ =
{}\sum_{\lambda}\sum_{i=1}^3p_{\lambda}(\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{\lambda}  - \langle\hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep})(\langle \hat\Theta_i^B \rangle_{\lambda}- \langle\hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}
){},
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}
We apply the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality in (\ref{COV0}):
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{}\sum_{\lambda}\sum_{i=1}^3{p_{\lambda}}(\langle \hat \Theta_i^A\rangle_{\lambda}  - \langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep}) (\langle \hat\Theta_i^B \rangle_{\lambda}-
\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}
){}  \nonumber  \\
&\leq& \sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda}\left(\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12}\left(\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat \Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \label{COV1}\\
&=& \sum_{\lambda}\sqrt{p_{\lambda}}\left(\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12}\sqrt{p_{\lambda}}\left(\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat \Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \nonumber \\
&\leq& \left(\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \left(\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \label{COV2}.
\end{eqnarray}
Note that  in order to obtain the final expression we have applied the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality twice: first to get (\ref{COV1}), with respect to the summation over $i$'s (indices that numerates Stokes operators) and then to get (\ref{COV2}), with respect to $\lambda$'s (i.e. the summation over elements of convex combination of product states).

Let us observe that:
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle_{sep})^2 =\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle^2_{\lambda} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle_{sep}^2,
\end{multlined}
\label{COVEQ}
\end{equation}
where $X =A,B$.
Moreover:
\begin{equation}
\label{EST}
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat \Theta_i^X\rangle^2_{\lambda} \leq \sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda}\langle \hat N^X\rangle^2_{\lambda} \leq
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda}\langle \hat  N^{X^2}\rangle_{\lambda} = \langle \hat N^{X^2} \rangle_{sep}.
\end{equation}
This leads us to
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle_{sep})^2
\leq
\langle \hat{N}^X\rangle^2_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^X\rangle_{sep}^2,
\end{multlined}
\label{COVEQ--xx}
\end{equation}

Combining (\ref{COVEQ}) and (\ref{EST}) we obtain:
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
{}\sum_{\lambda}\sum_{i=1}^3{p_{\lambda}}\bigg(\langle \hat\Theta_i\rangle_{\lambda}  - \langle \hat \Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep} \bigg) \bigg(\langle \hat \Theta_i^B \rangle_{\lambda}-
\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}
\bigg) {}  \leq
 \bigg(\langle \hat N^{A^2}\rangle_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle_{sep}^2\bigg)^{\frac 12}\bigg(\langle \hat N^{B^2}\rangle_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle_{sep}^2\bigg)^{\frac 12}.
\label{COVAR2}
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}
Upon invoking the well-known operator equality for Stokes operators  $ \sum_{i=1}^3 \hat\Theta_i^{X^2} = \hat N^X(\hat N^X+2)$,
the remaining terms of  Right hand side of (\ref{VAR1}) i.e. the sums of local uncertainties of Stokes vectors can be shown to satisfy the following equality:
\begin{equation}
\sum_{i=1}^3\Delta \hat\Theta^{A^{2}}_{i_{sep}} +
\sum_{i=1}^3\Delta \hat\Theta^{B^{2}}_{i_{sep}} = \langle
\hat N^{A^2}\rangle_{sep}  +  \langle \hat N^{B^2}\rangle_{sep} + 2(\langle \hat N^A\rangle_{sep}  +\langle \hat N^B\rangle_{sep} ) -
\sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle^2_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle^2_{sep}
\label{miniVAR}
\end{equation}

We use (\ref{COVAR2}) and (\ref{miniVAR})  to estimate $\Delta \vec{\hat \Theta}^{{AB}^2}_{sep} $:
\begin{equation}\label{Bianka_expression}
\begin{multlined}
\Delta \vec{\hat \Theta}^{{AB}^2}_{sep} \geq \langle \hat N^{A^2}\rangle_{sep}  +  \langle \hat N^{B^2}\rangle_{sep} + 2(\langle  \hat N^A\rangle_{sep}  +\langle\hat N^B\rangle_{sep} ) -
\sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle^2_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^B\rangle^2_{sep}  \\ - 2\sqrt{ \bigg(\langle \hat N^{A^2}\rangle_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat\Theta_i^A\rangle^2_{sep}\bigg)\bigg(\langle N^{B^2}\rangle_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle \hat \Theta_i^B\rangle^2_{sep}\bigg)}.
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}The minus sign appears before the last term because we estimate the right hand side from below.
After trivial algebraic simplifications  separability condition gets the following form:
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
\label{VARNEW}
\Delta \vec{\hat\Theta}^{{AB^2}}_{sep}  \geq 2\langle \hat N^A\rangle_{sep}  +2\langle \hat N^B\rangle_{sep}
+\bigg(\sqrt{\langle \hat N^{A^2}\rangle_{sep} -\langle \hat{\vec{\Theta}}^A\rangle_{sep}^2} -
\sqrt{\langle \hat N^{B^2}\rangle_{sep} - \langle \hat{\vec{\Theta}}^B\rangle_{sep}^2}\bigg)^2.
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}
This condition is a more tight bound on separability than (\ref{VAR0masha}), because of the last non-negative term, which is not present in the original condition of \cite{MASHA} given in (\ref{VAR0masha}).

\subsection{Normalized Stokes operators}
The derivation given here traces back the one given earlier, therefore its presentation will be more concise.

Consider the variance of normalized Stokes vector for the compound system of Alice and Bob:
\begin{equation}
\Delta \vec{\hat S}^{{AB}^2}_{sep} = \sum_{i=1}^3\Delta\hat S^{A^{2}}_{i_{sep}} +
\sum_{i=1}^3\Delta \hat S^{B^{2}}_{i_{sep}} + 2\sum_{i=1}^3\left(\langle\hat S_i^A \hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep} -
\langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep} \langle\hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep}
\right)
\label{VAR1new}
\end{equation}.

Let us first analyse  the covariance term in (\ref{VAR1new}), that is
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
\label{COV0new}
{}\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle\hat S_i^A\hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep} -
\langle\hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep} \langle\hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep}
){} ={}\sum_{i=1}^3\langle (\hat S_i^A  - \langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep})(\hat S_i^B -
 \langle \hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep}
\rangle_{sep}{} \\ =
{}\sum_{\lambda}\sum_{i=1}^3p_{\lambda}(\langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{\lambda}  - \langle\hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep})(\langle \hat S_i^B \rangle_{\lambda}- \langle\hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep}
){},
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}
 In the last form of the expression (\ref{COV0new}) we apply twice the Cauchy-Schwartz inequality:
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{}\sum_{\lambda}\sum_{i=1}^3{p_{\lambda}}(\langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{\lambda}  - \langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep}) (\langle \hat S_i^B \rangle_{\lambda}-
\langle \hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep}
){}  \nonumber  \\
&\leq& \sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda}\left(\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12}\left(\sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat S_i^B\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat S_i^B\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \nonumber\\
&\leq& \left(\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle \hat S_i^A\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \left(\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle \hat S_i^B\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle S_i^B\rangle_{sep})^2\right)^{\frac 12} \nonumber.
\end{eqnarray}

Note that:
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3(\langle S_i^X\rangle_{\lambda} - \langle S_i^X\rangle_{sep})^2 =
\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^X\rangle^2_{\lambda} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^X\rangle_{sep}^2.
\end{multlined}
\label{COVEQnew}
\end{equation}
For normalized Stokes operators  we have:
$\sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda} \sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^X\rangle^2_{\lambda} \leq \sum_{\lambda}p_{\lambda}\langle \hat\Pi^X\rangle_{\lambda} = \langle \hat{\Pi}^X\rangle$.
where we use the property of normalized Stokes operators from \cite{ZUKUSTOKES} and the fact that $\hat{\Pi}^X$ is a projector. Thus:
\begin{equation}
\begin{multlined}
{}\sum_{\lambda}\sum_{i=1}^3{p_{\lambda}}\bigg(\langle S_i^A\rangle_{\lambda}  - \langle S_i^A\rangle_{sep} \bigg) \bigg(\langle S_i^B \rangle_{\lambda}-
\langle S_i^B\rangle_{sep}
\bigg) {}  \leq
 \bigg(\langle \hat \Pi^{A}\rangle - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^A\rangle^2_{sep}\bigg)^{\frac 12}\bigg(\langle \hat \Pi^{B}\rangle - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^B\rangle_{sep}^2\bigg)^{\frac 12}.
\label{COV2new}
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}

We change the form of two first terms of right hand side of (\ref{VAR1new}):
\begin{equation}
\Delta \hat{\vec{S}}^{A^{2}}_{i_{sep}} +
\Delta \hat{\vec S}^{B^{2}}_{{sep}} = \langle \hat{\Pi}^A\rangle_{sep} +\langle \hat{\Pi}^B\rangle_{sep}  + 2( \langle\hat{\Pi}^A\frac{1}{\hat N^A}\hat\Pi^A\rangle_{sep} +
\langle\hat{\Pi}^B\frac{1}{\hat N^A}\hat\Pi^A\rangle_{sep} -
\sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^A\rangle^2_{sep} - \sum_{i=1}^3\langle S_i^B\rangle^2_{sep}
\label{miniVARnew}.
\end{equation}
We used above the operator equality given in \cite{ZUKUSTOKES}:
$\sum_{i=1}^3\hat S_i^{X} = \hat{\Pi}^X  +\hat \Pi^X\frac{2}{\hat{N}^X}\hat \Pi^X$. Combining   (\ref{COV2new}) with (\ref{miniVARnew}) after simplifications we obtain
\begin{equation}
\label{NEWVAR_NEWSTOKES}
\begin{multlined}
\Delta \vec{\hat{S}}^{{AB}^2}_{sep}   \geq 2(\langle\hat\Pi^A \frac{1}{\hat N^A}\hat\Pi^A\rangle  +\langle\hat\Pi^B \frac{1}{\hat N^B}\hat\Pi^B \rangle )
+\bigg(\sqrt{\langle\hat\Pi^{A}\rangle - \langle \vec{\hat{S}}^A\rangle^2} -
\sqrt{\langle\hat\Pi^{B}\rangle - \langle \vec{\hat{S}}^B\rangle^2}\bigg)^2.
\end{multlined}
\end{equation}
We again get a more tight constraint on separability.

{\em End note.} Generalizations of the above separability conditions are possible. An especially interesting one would be such which are not specific to situations in which one  expects EPR anti-correlations.
This will be discussed in an extended  manuscript in preparation.

\section*{Acknowledgements}
This work is supported by  Foundation for Polish Science (FNP), IRAP project ICTQT, contract no. 2018/MAB/5, co-financed by EU  Smart Growth Operational Programme.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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/**
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//Class Variables
var winston = require('winston');
var Parse = require('parse').Parse;
var async = require('async');

/**
 * Initialize logger
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var logger = new (winston.Logger)({
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Parse.initialize("$PARSE_APPLICATION_ID", "$PARSE_JAVASCRIPT_KEY", "PARSE_MASTER_KEY");

//Getting users
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  query.each(function(installation) {
    console.log("Updating instalation: " + installation.id);

    installation.addUnique("channels", channelName); //Add the channel to the installation

    installation.save();

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}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
See our space
Saul Bass: "Symbolize and Summarize"
Casino title sequence, 1995
A genius in the world of graphic design, Saul Bass was a master of every element of the art form. He produced iconic work in the fields of logo designs, posters, movie title sequences and even movies themselves. Today, many of his logos are still being utilized and his style is widely imitated; after all, it's impossible to improve on perfection.
The Champion, 1949
Vertigo, 1958
Bass was born and raised in New York City, and his parents were encouraging of his artistic interests from a young age. After high school, he worked as a freelance designer while attending night classes at Brooklyn College. There, he was mentored by György Kepes, a Hungarian designer and educator who was a proponent of Bauhaus and Gestalt psychology. Both Bauhaus and Gestalt theories focus on a functional minimalism and recognize the value and significance of symbolism, and as such, their influence on Bass' work is obvious.
Album cover for Frank Sinatra, 1956
Spartacus, 1960
At the end of the 1940s, Bass moved to California and got his start in Hollywood by designing print advertisements for films. In 1954, he created the print advertisement for Otto Preminger's film "Carmen Jones," and Preminger was so pleased with the result that he invited Bass to do the title sequence for the film as well. This provided Bass with the opportunity to prove his theory that title sequences could be an integral part of the film and add to the viewer's understanding of the movie. Prior to this, title sequences were usually boring and static; most movie theaters didn't even bother to open the curtains which covered movie screens until after the opening title sequence. However, Bass realized that they could be employed to add another dimension to the movie-going experience and create a mood of anticipation for what was still to come.
Ocean's Eleven title sequence, 1960
Exodus title sequence, 1960
With the success of his work on "Carmen Jones," Bass was asked to do more title sequences, and due to his pioneering approach, he changed the standard completely. Suddenly, the curtains were opened from the start, and viewers eagerly engaged with the film from its first moments. In explaining his goals in creating this innovative method, Bass said, "My initial thoughts about what a title can do was to set the mood and the prime underlying core of the film's story, to express the story in some metaphorical way. I saw the title as a way of conditioning the audience, so that when the film actually began, viewers would already have an emotional resonance with it."
Saint Joan, 1957
Bunny Lake is Missing, 1965
Making use of "kinetic typography," or moving text, Bass' opening sequences set the mood of the film and provided information for the viewer. With their utilization of typography and minimalist graphics to portray emotion and action, Bass successfully imparted his design philosophy of "symbolize and summarize" to great effect. As the book Saul Bass: a Life in Film & Design states, "His designs shaped complex ideas into radically simple forms that offered audiences a set of clues, a sort of hermeneutic key to deeper meanings under the surface of the movie."
It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World, 1963
Anatomy of a Murder, 1959
Bass' most well-known title sequence which illustrates this ability is in another Preminger film, "The Man with the Golden Arm." To present the movie which tells the story of a heroin addict, Bass uses a series of moving white abstract lines on a black background which eventually combine into a single arm, representing the subject matter of the film. At the time, Hollywood typically portrayed drug addicts as worthless, low class drug fiends. Bass' off-kilter lines combined with the jarring music soundtrack signaled viewers that Preminger's film would not offer the standard interpretation of drug addiction, and it also indicated that there would be no preconceived judgments made about the protagonist's moral character.
The Man with the Golden Arm title sequence, 1955
The Man with the Golden Arm, 1955
Bass went on to create numerous other title sequences for popular films and was often asked to produce the accompanying promotional material as well. By utilizing symbols as representations of each film's key elements and reproducing them in all aspects of the film's advertisements, Bass created a method of branding a film with a recognizable identity, just as companies are typically branded today.
Love in the Afternoon, 1957
North by Northwest title sequence, 1959
As time passed, Bass established successful working relationships with several filmmakers and as a result, his involvement in films increased. This is most apparent in his collaborations with Alfred Hitchcock. Bass' title sequence for "North by Northwest" features moving text projected onto the side of a skyscraper, while the opening of "Vertigo" starts with a close up of a woman's eye which then transforms into a swirling circle of colors that represent her troubled state of mind. For "Psycho," not only did Bass provide the title sequence and movie poster, he also received credit as "pictorial consultant" for his storyboard work on the iconic shower scene.
Vertigo title sequence, 1958
Storyboards for Psycho shower scene, 1960
In addition to his noteworthy work with Hitchcock, Bass also created animated title sequences for several films and provided end credit pieces as well. In addition, he experimented with live action title sequences, such as in "The Big Country," a western directed by William Wyler. Depicting the story of a family and their life in the Wild West, Bass' title sequence acted as a prologue which set the scene for the rest of the movie. Inspired by his success, Bass went on to direct short films, and even won an Academy Award for his 1968 short film, "Why Man Creates." His involvement in film reached its apex when he directed the science fiction film "Phase IV" in 1973. Although it has been called a "science-fiction masterwork," the film saw little commercial success.
The Shining, 1980
The Big Country, 1958
However, Bass' talents were not limited to the realm of film. He also successfully designed numerous company logos, many of which are still in use today. His ability to distill complex ideas into a singular image which provided a recognizable and dependable branding symbol for a company resulted in logos which remain timeless. In an informal analysis done in 2011, it was found that the average life span of a logo designed by Saul Bass was 34 years, and the most common reason for a logo's demise was the shuttering of the company. In reference to his logo designs, Bass said, "I find corporations almost as fascinating as people. Every company I have ever worked for has a unique aura. The secret and the challenge are learning how to express and make comprehensible the subtext."
Logos designed by Saul Bass
The logos created by Bass are characteristic in their simplicity and clarity. Each logo is easily connected to the company it represents and is strong, precise and minimal in composition. Bass favored bold colors and easily utilized flowing lines to infer movement while making use of negative space to great effect. Bass believed that, "The ideal trademark is one that is pushed to its utmost limits in terms of abstraction and ambiguity, yet is still readable. Trademarks are usually metaphors of one kind or another. And are, in a certain sense, thinking made visible."
A comparison of original logos by Saul Bass and their later, updated versions
Towards the end of his career, Bass was again pulled into the world of film at the request of director Martin Scorsese. Bass and his wife created the title sequences for four of Scorsese's films, beginning with "Goodfellas" and ending with "Casino," which Bass completed a year before his death. Each sequence shows that even at the final stages of his career, Bass was still a master of the genre. In "The Age of Innocence," to portray the setting of upper class New York society in the late 1800s, Bass utilized a symbolic blooming rose, interspersed with overlays of intricate lacework to imply the rigidity and importance of tradition within the upper class social strata and the strict rules which govern it. In comparison, "Casino," set in the mobster world of the 1980s in Las Vegas, opens with its main character being detonated in a car bomb explosion. His body is then flung into the fires of hell which slowly transform into the gaudy, bright lights of Las Vegas, which is often referred to as a city of sin.
Cape Fear title sequence, 1991
The Age of Innocence title sequence, 1993
The fact that so many of Bass' creations remain in use and that his style is so widely imitated, make it obvious that the work he did still resonates with the world today. Truly a master of his art, Bass proved that even simple graphics can be imbued with meaning, while raising the standards for what we should expect from good design. By creating title sequences which utilized symbolism and metaphor, and logos which implied emotions and qualities, he showed the public that advertisement and promotion could be innovative and refined and have a deeper meaning than just trying to sell a product or promote a film.
The Fixer, 1968
Return from the River Kwai, 1989
Grand Prix, 1966
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Home / Dubai Tour Package From Kerala /
Dubai Tour Package from Kerala
When we talk about the favorite destinations to visit from Kerala, Dubai tops the list and is on everybody's bucket list. Right from Burj Khalifa to Palm Jumeirah, there is a lot to explore in Dubai for the people coming from Kerala, and the place has some hidden mysterious as well. There is no city like Dubai; it is magical and beautiful. Although there is a common notion that Dubai is all about gold, shopping, and architecture, in reality, there is a lot which the city holds for its tourists from Kerala looking for the Dubai Tour packages. Dubai is a place, which is very rich in heritage, culinary delights, and splendid attractions.
Indian citizens from Kerala have access to visit Dubai for tourism. Generally, tourists are given a 30-day short-term visa, which is renewable whenever you want to extend it. Depending on the passport-type, there are multiple rules. Kerala citizens with an ordinary passport who want to visit Dubai need to have a sponsor to access the visa. The sponsor could be any airline, hotel, travel agency, etc. In fact, you can contact us to avail Dubai Tour Packages from Kerala as we can offer complete travel services related to flight booking, Visa approval, Hotels Booking & Sightseeing.
You could be traveling alone to Dubai from Kerala, with friends or with family, this place has a lot to offer and is full of surprises. Moreover, the biggest USP of Dubai is that it comes under the safest cities in the world. An interesting fact to know is, tourists, especially in Kerala, prefer spending their long weekends in Dubai than in any other country? Yes, this is true!
In case you are in the full mood to travel to Dubai, but feeling confused about Dubai Packages, as there is multiple Kerala to Dubai Tour Packages, you do not need to worry. You can entirely rely on us for Dubai Tour Packages from Kerala.
We believe in helping you have fun when you visit Dubai and forget about all the required formalities. All you have to do is, get in touch with us, and the rest will be taken care of by our team. We will find the best Kerala to Dubai Tour Packages to have an unforgettable trip.
Dubai Tour Packages from Kerala
Here are some of the essential details that you need to keep in mind when you travel from Kerala to Dubai;
** All the international flights depart from Indra Gandhi International Airport and land at Dubai International Airport.
** The distance between Kerala and Dubai via air is 2,186.30 km.
** If you are traveling via flight, it will take about 3.5 to 4 hours to reach Dubai from Kerala via a non-stop flight. However, in a connecting flight, the duration can be around 11 to 12 hours.
** Many flights travel from Kerala to Dubai, such as Spice Jet, Indigo, Vistara, Sri Lankan Airlines, Malindo Airlines, etc.
** A non-stop flight from Kerala to Dubai would cost about 18,000 – 20,000, depending on which airline you book. A connecting flight, on the other hand, would cost about 15.000 – 16,000.
Dubai Tourism:
Dubai is supposed to be the number #1 city when it comes to tourism. There is multiple Kerala to Dubai packages offered by our travel agency, which allows the tourist to have a great dig at the city.
What are the Places to Visit in Dubai:
Each year, Dubai tourism expands its horizons. Some of the familiar places to visit in Dubai are -
The Palm Jumeirah – This is one of the largest human-made islands in the entire world in the shape of a date palm tree
Burj Khalifa – This is the tallest human-made buildings as it is 828 meters tall, and there are multiple restaurants at the top of the building.
Dubai Fountain – This Is the world's most giant musical mountain, and hence is considered one of the most attractive tourist destinations in Dubai.
Dubai Museum – People who are inclined towards culture can surely visit this place.
Jumeirah Mosque – This is one of the biggest mosques, and one should visit there to have a close look at the Islamic culture.
What are the Things to do in Dubai:
As stated above, there are many things to do in Dubai, such as visit the gold souk, iFly in Dubai, Dubai Desert Conservation Centre, Dubai Aquarium, Dubai Miracle Garden, etc.
The apt time to Visit Dubai: If you want to get your hands-on outdoor experiences, visit Dubai during November – March, as this is the wintertime in Dubai. Mainly during January and February, Dubai stays crowded. From April to October, it is the summer season, where it is really hot and difficult to do outdoor activities during this time.
Q – 1 When I am traveling to Dubai from Kerala, will I submit a COVID-19 report?
Yes, anyone traveling to Dubai from Kerala needs to submit a COVID 19 PCR test report, stating that you have been tested negative. The test must be taken 96 hours before you land in Dubai.
Q-2 What If I test positive at the Dubai airport?
In case you undergo the COVID test at the airport, you have to stay in the hotel until the test results come. Once the test results come and tested positive, you will be kept under isolation for 14 days.
Q-3 Do newborn or small kids also have to submit the COVID-19 test reports at their arrival?
As per the recent guidelines released by Dubai Health Authority, all the kids under 12 who are traveling from India to Dubai will not have to undergo a COVID test. Do follow the Dubai Tour guidelines issued by Dubai Government. While Booking Dubai Tour packages from Kerala, People are advised to choose proper research.
Q-4 Are the tourists from Kerala expected to be quarantined when landing at the Dubai airport?
If the tourists show a proper COVID report, where the results are negative, then they do not have to show the reports. But who do not submit the report will have to go through a test at the airport, and in case if they are tested positive, they will have to be isolated for 14 days.
Q-5 Are all tourist attractions open in Dubai for Kerala People?
As per the recent guidelines, Dubai has relaxed its COVID-19 rules. Shopping malls, streets, Dubai aquarium, Burj Khalifa, etc., are now open to welcoming tourists. Avail Dubai Tour packages from Kerala and amazingly plan your weekends and holidays.
Q-6 Is consuming alcohol in Dubai permitted?
Dubai Emirate has permitted the residents to consume alcohol in only Emirates. Tourists From Kerala are allowed to purchase liquor from licensed places such as hotels or clubs. NO tourist from Kerala can carry Liquor while traveling. People are advised to follow the Dubai Tourist Rules & Policies.
Q-7 Is Dubai shut on Friday?
On Friday there is a public holiday for banks, governments, and many private offices. However, malls, clubs, shopping centers, and various other tourists hub are open on Friday, barring very few shops. Kerala People are advised to make a small search while visiting Dubai. Dubai Tour Packages can be customized according to your requests and national holidays.
Q-8 Can I explore Dubai From Kerala in just a week?
Dubai as a city can easily be explored in 5-6 days. You can divide your days as – On the first-day post-check-in, you take a Dubai tour on a monorail. The next day entirely you can keep for Burj Khalifa. On the third day, you can go for a desert safari. On the fourth day, you can take a tour of the city and visit the mosque. On the fifth day, you can do all the other outdoor activities. The entire sixth day keeps for shopping as Dubai is a hub of shopping. People availing of Dubai Tour packages from Kerala will be guided through our Travel Experts.
Between November to April are the best time to visit Dubai, when the weather is pleasant. Due to Shopping Festival Between January and February tourist traffic will be high. The temperatures begin to rise by April. In Summer, Dubai weather is hot and humid and not crowded at this time.
The UAE Embassy does not issue visas to ordinary passports holders. Tourist Visa for Indians holding an ordinary passport, arranged by either a sponsor in UAE. Through the airline if you have booked a round trip ticket on some Airlines i.e. Air Arabia Etihad, Fly Dubai, Jet Airways or Emirates and A hotel booked by you in UAE.
Hotels & Meals
You can book a Budget Hotels in range of ₹ 3,000 - ₹ 5500, 3 & 4 stars betwwen ₹ 3000 - ₹ 8000, 5 star hotels start from ₹ 7000 and onwards. Average mid range per day meal for a person comes between AED 100 - 200
Contact for Booking
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The city of Dubai is a fine balance between the traditional and the modern life.
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Capital city of the UAE incredibly merges its rich ancient heritage with modern life.
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Come on-board our super luxury yacht that combines the best of both worlds!
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619-420-3620 Contact Us San Diego County, CA
Child Well-Being
Youth Development & Education
CTL GALA
CTL GOLF
SBCS Celebrates 50 Years of Helping more than 250,000 Children and Families Reach their Full Potential throughout San Diego County
POSTED BY SBCS | Sep, 01, 2021 |
SBCS (formerly South Bay Community Services) receives proclamation from San Diego County Supervisors; previews fall events marking five decades of transformative community success
SAN DIEGO (September 1, 2021) – Marking its 50th anniversary as one of San Diego County's cornerstone community services providers, SBCS (formerly South Bay Community Services) was honored August 31, 2021 with a proclamation from the San Diego Board of Supervisors in recognition of their positive impact on communities throughout the region. This commendation kicks off a series of events the organization is hosting to honor its dedicated staff, partners, donors, and volunteers who have helped improved the lives of more than 250,000 families and children over the past five decades.
Key programs initiated and supported by SBCS include:
2006 – Mi Escuelita Therapeutic Preschool has helped hundreds of young children exposed to domestic violence heal and begin along the right path for success in kindergarten and beyond.
2010 – Family Violence Support Services, including 24/7 emergency response and trauma-informed care have helped thousands of survivors access safety planning, counseling, emergency housing, legal services, and other resources.
2010 – Youth Prevention and Intervention services have addressed the barriers facing at-risk youth and helped keep them in school and out of the juvenile justice system.
2011 – Promise Neighborhood initiatives, designed in partnership with residents and leaders to prioritize education and reduce child poverty, have supported children from cradle to career and beyond.
2021 – Emergency Intake Shelter at the San Diego Convention Center. For more than four months, SBCS helped care for more than 2,400 migrant girls and reunite them with family in the US. With their partners, they placed an additional 800 children with loving and supportive sponsor families.
To celebrate these milestones, SBCS is hosting their annual "Change Their Lives" fundraising gala in October, and a "Change Their Lives" golf tournament in November. The money raised from both events enables the agency to provide services and supports to assist the well-being and prosperity of more than 50,000 San Diego children, youth, and families each year.
"It is an honor to work alongside our incredibly dedicated staff, volunteers, trusted partners, and generous supporters to serve the children and families of San Diego who have turned to SBCS in a time of need," said Kathryn Lembo, President and CEO of SBCS. "We're excited to officially announce our new name while celebrating decades of innovative programs and services and the partnerships that have made them possible. This milestone is a moment where we reflect on the impact SBCS has had on the community over the past five decades which will inspire and inform our next 50 years of service."
"For five decades, SBCS has brought together civic, business, and community leaders and has created, enhanced, and sustained programs that heal, give hope, and change the academic and life trajectory of so many of San Diego County's youth, families, and even entire neighborhoods," said Vice Chair Nora Vargas. "Thousands of lives have been touched by this incredible organization, and we're proud to stand with them as they bring together the unique offerings of local nonprofits to benefit vulnerable children and families across our region."
This fall, several fundraising and celebratory events will be hosted by SBCS including:
SBCS' Change Their Lives 50th Anniversary Celebration "Dancing & Dining Through the Decades"
Saturday, October 23, 2021, SBCS presents Change Their Lives 50th Anniversary Celebration "Dancing & Dining Through the Decades" at The North Promenade at Liberty Station. The fundraising gala will celebrate decades of strengthening communities with nostalgic culinary cuisine, throw-back cocktails, exclusive auction opportunities and dance the night away to music from the 70s, 80s, 90s, and 2000s performed by Republic of Music.
SBCS's Salvador Garcia Recognized as Promotor of the Year
The Star News: SBCS to Lead South County Homeless Count as In-Person Effort Resumes in 2022
This is what the spirit of giving looks like
Welcome to 2022!
Blue Shield of California Foundation Invests in SBCS's Mi Escuelita Therapeutic Preschool Program for Children Affected By Domestic Violence
430 F Street
24/7 Hotline: (800) 640-2933
Mi Escuelita
CVPROMISE
© 2022 Nonprofit All rights reserved.


SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — California State University's 23 campuses are eliminating math and English placement exams for incoming freshman and ending mandatory remedial courses that some students complained delayed their coursework.
The changes are part of a broader plan aimed at increasing graduation rates at the nation's largest public university system.
Chancellor Timothy P. White announced the changes in an executive order issued to all campus presidents, saying that CSU's longstanding exams used to assess student readiness will be retired starting in fall 2018.
Nearly 40 percent of incoming freshman, or some 25,000 students, are typically placed in remedial courses that often don't count toward their degree, Executive Vice Chancellor Loren Blanchard said in a separate memo.
The new policy "aims to address inequities in college readiness head-on in order to close gaps in degree attainment and afford all students the opportunity to succeed," Blanchard said.
Only 20 percent of CSU students graduate within four years.
The university system wants to double its four-year graduation rate by 2025.
Students who took the remedial courses spent time and money on non-credit classes, which meant it took them longer to get a degree. Some students couldn't afford the extended time in school or were so frustrated by the process they dropped out, officials say.
The process "really sunk the ships of a lot of college aspirations," said James T. Minor, CSU's senior strategist for academic success.
Under the new system, all CSU students will be able to take college level courses immediately.
"The message we want to send now is, 'Congratulations, you've been admitted, we're going to do everything we can for you to be successful at CSU,'" Minor said.
Campuses will offer extra support for students who need it, Minor said. Students can also enter an "early start" program to earn college credit over the summer, White's memo said. That program will be beefed up starting in summer 2019.
White and other officials said the executive order was issued after extensive consultation with CSU's academic Senate and faculty and its Board of Trustees.


Overtrading occurs when companies expand their business too quickly or aggressively. It results when the rapid increase in revenue requires more resources (e.g. people, working capital or net assets) than are available. It's often caused by unforeseen events such as project delays, delivery problems, quality issues, cost blow outs, and debtor collection problems.
Rapid growth in business development and sales.
The business running with limited knowledge.
Cash flow problem or short of working capital.
Inaccurate or unrealistic cash budget.
High level of interest/debt servicing costs.
Overstocking or slow movement of inventory.
Current and quick ratios fall.
Effective debt management and credit control.
Financing capital assets – The leasing or hire purchase of fixed assets reduces upfront capital costs.
Injecting new capital into the business.
Reducing the money taken out by the business owners.
Cutting costs and becoming more efficient.
Better inventory management. Such as just in time (JIT) techniques.
Up-to-date and reliable financial records.
Overtraded companies eventually face liquidity problems and/or run out of working capital and go bust. Overtrading is like driving a car too fast. It can be done, but results in a lot of crashes and wipe-outs.


The single best source of plant based protein. With a bioavailability of over 98% and a complete collection of amino acids this plant protein is unrivaled.
Meet globulin edistin - the power behind this seed. Globulin edistin fuels the antibodies that are the building blocks of your immune system. With 65% edistin protein, this is the richest source in the plant kingdom.
Hemp protein is one of the best sources of of omega 3 fatty acids including the rare GLA super omega 6.
Evo Hemp Protein is a great way to build your muscles and rebuild your nation too. An easy to digest, complete plant-based protein, that's supported by raw enzymes. Contains 15 grams of plant-based protein, 7 grams of fibre, and 2.6 grams of omega-3 and omega-6 per 30-gram serving. Made with just one ingredient: hemp.
This superfood provides raw protein and fiber with a mild nutty flavor that's easy to add to baked goods like muffins, pancakes, and bread.
Add Evo Hemp Protein to your smoothie or shake as an easy way to increase protein, fiber, and omega-fatty acid intake.
Blend Evo Hemp Protein with dips like pesto, hummus and guacamole for a nutrient dense boost that inceases thickness.
Mix with your favorite flour to create a protein packed pasta noodle that's delicious and gluten free.


When you think of champion arm wrestlers, you don't usually think of 12-year-old girls, but there's one girl who might make you reconsider that. Grace Houston is a 12-year-old arm wrestler who is not only winning competitions but also makes it look easy. She also took on grown man Michael Strahan on Good Morning America after he challenged her to a match, and she beat him without breaking a sweat. Can you say "girl power"?
Grace Houston's father, John Houston, is also an arm wrestler, and when she told him she wanted to try it out, he started training her. And before long, she was showing up a competitions, defeating the boys in the junior tournaments. She even recently won the kids' division of the Minnesota state tournament in both the left– and right–arm competition.
"All weekend long, the competitors and a number of the parents were surprised at how quickly she rolled through the boys," her father told the Associate Press. "People noticed." He also added that if she keeps at it, he thinks she could be national champion someday.
And her mother, Stacey Houston, is also proud. "It's fun for her to do something kind of out of the ordinary," she said. "And it's fun to see people's reactions when she proves how strong she is."
Grace recently was a guest on Good Morning America where Ronda Rousey, the champion MMA fighter, had made a video message congratulating her and encouraging her to keep on being awesome — and where Michael Strahan challenged her to a match. And while I suppose it's possible he was letting her win — beating a kid on national TV is not a good look — it certainly doesn't look like it.
Basically, this girl is amazing. It's always awesome to see girls participating in male-dominated sports — and especially awesome to see them winning.
There's nothing that says girls can't arm wrestle or that only boys can be strong or lift weights or do strength training. And the fact that girls are socialized not to do such things is hugely unfortunate. Which is why it's also great to see girls being celebrated for engaging in these traditionally "masculine" things.
So keep it up, Grace! You rock!


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ABOUT THE MEETING
ABOUT THE TREATY
ABOUT THE ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING
THE HOST COUNTRY SECRETARIAT
ABOUT THE CZECH REPUBLIC
ABOUT PRAGUE
THE CZECH REPUBLIC IN ANTARCTICA
INFO FOR DELEGATES
REGISTRATION AND DOCUMENTS
XLII ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING AND XXII MEETING OF THE COMMITTEE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Consultative Parties:
Regular Passports
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Korea (ROK)
biometric passport
*1) Agreement with Limited Territorial Validity for Diplomatic Passports is under negotiation, and should be in effect before the beginning of the Conference (ACTM).
Non-consultative parties:
Regular Passport
Diplomatic /Official Passports
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The promotion for the accommodation discount ends on 30 April 2019. The price cannot be guaranteed after this date.
The hotel at the venue of the ATCM
Among other possibilities
TOP HOTEL Prague
4 ****
Single standard (no AC) 64 EUR
Double standard (no AC) 80 EUR
Single executive (no AC) 68 EUR
Double executive (no AC) 84 EUR
Single superior (with AC) 72 EUR
Double superior (with AC) 92 EUR
PROMO CODE: ANTARCTICA
OCCIDENTAL PRAGUE WILSON
Single 149 EUR
Double 164 EUR
PROMO CODE: ANTARKTIDA1
Distance hotel to TOP HOTEL: car 15 minutes, bus 35 minutes
IRIS HOTEL EDEN
Single 65 EUR
Double 69 EUR
OCCIDENTAL PRAGUE
For more information on accommodation please visit https://www.prague.eu/en/objects/accommodation
HOTEL SVORNOST
FORTUNA WEST
The climate of the Czech Republic is mild but variable locally and throughout the year. The air temperature in Prague in July might be 23-35 °C during the day and the night 10-25 °C.
There is no mandatory vaccination requirement for those entering the Czech Republic.
Water from the water network is drinkable.
Patients covered by the health insurance recieve health care depending on their insurance policy. Other patients may be required to pay in cash. Patients covered by international healthcare agreements receive urgent and necessary care free of charge (outpatients will pay for medications and materials; hospital care is free of charge including medications and materials). EU citizens should carry the European Health Insurance Card.
For more information on healthcare, please visit: https://www.prague.eu/en/practical
In the Czech Republic, the voltage is 230 volts (230V) and the frequency is 50 Hz.
The Czech Republic uses plug type E, which has two round pins and a hole for the socket's male earthing pin.
UTC/GMT +1
OPENING HOURS OF SHOPS
Business hours for shopping malls are from Mondays to Sunday between 9:00 a.m. and 9:00 p.m. Banking hours run from 9:00 a.m. until 4:00 p.m. on weekdays only.
Most restaurants are open from early morning until late.
Country calling code: +420
Emergency calls (always toll-free):
General emergency: 112
The Prague Metro network consists of 3 lines designated by letters and differentiated in colour:
Green colour ("Depo Hostivař" station – "Nemocnice Motol" station) – line A
Yellow colour ("Černý Most" station – "Zličín" station) – line B
Red colour ("Letňany" station – "Háje" station) – line C
Changing stations are "Muzeum" (lines "A" and "C"), "Můstek" (lines "A" and "B"), "Florenc" (lines "B" and "C").
The metro operates daily from 5:00 a.m. to midnight. The time interval between train departures is approximately 2-3 minutes during the workday rush hours and 4 -10 minutes during off-peak hours.
Daytime operation is from 4:30 a.m. to midnight. Night operation is provided by tram numbers 91 to 99 in 30 minutes intervals. The central interchange station for night lines is "Lazarská". Tram schedules are located at each individual stops.
The daytime and night operation of buses is similar to tram operation. Night service is provided by bus numbers 901 to 915. Bus schedules are located at each individual stop.
Some useful links:
Prague public transport: Tel.: +420 239 191 817, www.dpp.cz
Public transport in the Czech Republic: www.idos.cz
Non-stop airport information service: Czech Airlines: +420 239 007 007, Prague airport: +420 220 111 111
Train connections in the Czech Republic and Europe: Tel.: +420 840 112 113, www.cd.cz
Bus and train timetables: www.jizdnirady.cz
https://www.prague.eu/en/practical
https://www.czechtourism.com/a/transport
Currency: Czech crown (Koruna česká)
Exchange Rate: 1 USD = app. 22,- CZK
Exchange Rate: 1 EUR = app. 25,- CZK
Typically, foreign currency may be exchanged at airports, hotels or exchange offices. Opening hours for banks are from 9:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., from Monday to Friday. Exchange offices operate from 9:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. hours. The exchange rate will be listed without the exchange fee.
Money can be withdrawn from ATMs, in service 24/7.
To learn more about banknotes and coins in circulation, please visit the Czech National Bank: http://www.cnb.cz/en/banknotes_coins/
For the Exchange rate please consult the website: http://www.cnb.cz/en/index.html
For more information on Czech currency visit: https://www.czechtourism.com/a/currency
Tipping is voluntary, although it is customary to tip approximately 10% of the total price in cafes, bars and restaurants.
© Copyright 2018, XLII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting Prague 2019 / Design by WEBLIBEREC


I just attended the Portable Media Expo in Los Angeles last weekend.
This is the first year they did it. It was a collection of people who were related to all things having to do with Podcasts.
If you remember, I recently did a program with Joan Damico on that topic.
What I learned is that we are at the start of a HUGE tidal wave. If you aren't on the Podcasting bandwagon yet, get on aboard!
For me that means taking my existing audio content and 'chopping it up' and putting it into Podcast length segments. I'll also be creating new material exclusively for this purpose.
They started the event with two keynotes. One from a guy who talked about how to make money with podcasts. The other was with a guy named Leo Laporte who talked about the need to do work in an area you have PASSION.
In my opinion, both are necessary.
I also made a contact with someone who may end up putting $1,000,000 in my pocket over the next 18 months.
You'll be hearing more about this guy (who must remain nameless for now), later.
I'll be attending a training event this weekend for the future presidents of the various NSA chapters around the country.
I had a chance to speak with Rick Jakle, the current president of the national association and he's right in line with my thinking about what 'we' need.
I'll report on the event next time.
My first info products event of the year will be held in London. It is being hosted by myself and my good friend, Peter Woodhead.
Peter has assembled a great group of speakers and if last time is any indication, spaces will fill up fast.
I don't care where you live, it will be worth coming to London to attend this event. Register now to make sure you get a space!
If you're interested in improving your closing ratios on your websites (and you SHOULD be), then you need to listen closely.
Bob Bly and I are working together to put on an amazing event that will help you to create your own copy and sell more of your products and services.
This event is being held in Las Vegas in February and it will be one of the best ones I'll ever do. Check out: http://www.WritingAdCopy.com to read all about it.
I'm having a meeting of my clients coming up in early December. Specifically, the 6th, 7th and 8th.
This is an event where all of my Lifetime Coaching Clients get together and talk about what's working and what's not.
I suggest you try and form your own group with people you know, respect and trust and do the same.
I've mentioned this before, but at seminars and speeches that I give I frequently get asked where I make my money.
Last week I tried out for a play here in Las Vegas. Let's be honest, Las Vegas is not the theatre mecca of the country. BUT, I decided that I wanted to see if I could still do what I used to do.
The play is called 'Loot' and it's an English Farce where people are doing all kinds of crazy things with a bunch of cash and a dead body. Fun.
Good news? I got offered a lead role. Bad news? I don't have time in the schedule to do it. Bummer.
I prefer doing improv where you don't have a prepared script, but this would have been fun to do. Back to my performing roots!
If you've got a passion that you haven't visited for a while I suggest you find a way to do some of it.
I recently reconnected with an old buddy of mine. His name is Peter Beckwith and he's now a life coach.
Peter and I met at a seminar I did in the bustling metropolis of Rutland, Vermont. Peter was in the film and video productions business.
We became fast friends. I learned a lot from Peter about video and film production and he got a lot from me about speaking and product creation.
I'd like to HIGHLY recommend Peter to you for two things.
First, he's a great 'life' coach. I saw him do some 'live' coaching the other day on an impromptu basis. Since this is coaching that I don't do, I can enthusiastically endorse him and his coaching skills.
I trust Peter 1000%. He is an amazing human being and a very talented coach. If that's something you think you need, give him a look.
I just had another hour long conversation while I was writing this and I can't tell you how great a human being this guy is. If you work with him, you'll be blessed.
One of the reasons I enjoy doing interviews is that I learn a helluvalot from the people I'm interviewing.
Case in point is the interview I just did with Jeff Walker on 'How to Launch Your Product'. If you didn't get this program in prepublication from me you're really missing out.
I think that the ideas that Jeff gave me during the interview will be easily worth a cool $250k over the next couple of years.
Here was just ONE idea I picked up from him.
I explained to Jeff that I crank out a boatload of products every month. My problem I explained to him was that my copywriting for the sites to sell the products couldn't keep up with the products themselves.
He gave me an amazing idea.
He told me to take a look at my product list and see which items 'go together' and put them together as a package.
When I make these offers I'll also be offering two options. One option will be to buy the products at retail. The other will be to offer people licenses to the 'bundled' products.
Here's how I'm thinking about this.
Let's say I find 4 products to BUNDLE together as a package. Let's assume that each one goes for $97. The total retail price for these would be $388.
I'll probably offer them at $197 and then offer the license at something like $777 or $997.
For buyers, this will be a great deal. For me, it will be a great deal as well. I'll get a cash flow surge and expose people to all of my various bounceback offers.
As you put your products together, think about this. It will make you a ton of money long term if you follow this one concept that Jeff gave me.
I've been on a movie binge lately.
Capote was AMAZING. Sure to get at least 3 or 4 Oscar nominations. Philip Seymour Hoffman, who I have seen on stage in NYC is a front runner in this category.
Shopgirl was also VERY good. A very touching little story and Claire Daines looks ravishing in addition to being a tremendous actress.
Good Night and Good Luck. Good film. Enjoyed learning about this particular historical time. I just don't enjoy people politicizing in their films which I got a bit of that feeling from Clooney.
Derailed. Interesting. It had some problems but I LOVE both Anniston and Owens as actors. I'd recommend it but it had a few 'holes' for me.
The Weatherman. I'm a big Nick Cage fan (met him on a flight 10 years ago), but this one didn't work that well for me. Critics liked it, I thought it was a bit slow.
Prime. A little predictable, but a great story line. It may not be worth spending the money at the theater, but it's certainly worth renting.
The only thing I have to tell you on this one is GO OUT and BUY IT and READ IT! Absolutely fascinating!
Many people were very kind to email me there support as I've been going through my divorce. Thanks for that.
Lucky for me I've been seeing an amazing therapist named Darlene Cross. One of the main reasons why I chose her was the fact that she had a picture of herself with her dog on her website. She is a truly talented lady.
I feel fortunate that she saw both me and my 'ex' at one point for a few sessions. This way she had a lot greater insight into what was going on.
Just as I STRONGLY believe in getting coached by experts in business, I feel the same way about getting coached in the personal area of life.
There's nothing better than an objective observer who is trained in that area.
As in business, you should be looking for patterns that haven't worked in the past and finding alternatives that may work in the future.
In my case I discovered a consistent pattern. I was always finding people who needed to be rescued. I will make darn sure I don't do this one again.
In our business life there are patterns that emerge as well. In my case, I am great at starting projects, but need help in learning to complete them.
To help me in that area I've developed a team of people that I can rely on to get things done. These include web folks, video producers and the like.
I would encourage YOU to look for patterns in yourself and find ways to take care of those patterns.


text:
Continued Phantasy Star Online Problems
Nearly four weeks have passed since the Japanese release of Phantasy Star Online, and unfortunately all is not well. Last month, RPGamer reported on the title's original difficulties with server stability, and it seems that Sega and the Sonic Team are still dealing with similar connection issues.
A frequent problem in the early days of the online game's operation involved players who shut off their Dreamcast systems without properly disconnecting from Sega's online servers. Such action sometimes resulted in the loss of saved character information and game progress. Although Sega stated that the situation had been handled, it seems that the problem has continued over the last month. Further, it has become common for players to actually get disconnected from the network in the midst of playing. Each time the connection is dropped, there is the risk of data loss, which has made it quite difficult for some players to proceed in the game.
Sega has responded to these issues by posting a set of troubleshooting guidelines at the game's Japanese site. The tips are very basic, suggesting small problems such as electrical interference or faulty wall adapters. At this point, there is not much Sega can say about a permanent fix for the problem, as the difficulties are apparently with the player's connection rather than the game servers themselves. It still remains to be seen if these problems will be resolved for the title's nearing North American release.
Sources: [Gamers.com]