It is necessary at this juncture to return to Hugh, who, having, as we have seen, called to the rioters to disperse from about the Warren, and meet again as usual, glided back into the darkness from which he had emerged, and reappeared no more that night.
He paused in the copse which sheltered him from the observation of his mad companions, and waited to ascertain whether they drew off at his bidding, or still lingered and called to him to join them. Some few, he saw, were indisposed to go away without him, and made towards the spot where he stood concealed as though they were about to follow in his footsteps, and urge him to come back; but these men, being in their turn called to by their friends, and in truth not greatly caring to venture into the dark parts of the grounds, where they might be easily surprised and taken, if any of the neighbours or retainers of the family were watching them from among the trees, soon abandoned the idea, and hastily assembling such men as they found of their mind at the moment, straggled off.
When he was satisfied that the great mass of the insurgents were imitating this example, and that the ground was rapidly clearing, he plunged into the thickest portion of the little wood; and, crashing the branches as he went, made straight towards a distant light: guided by that, and by the sullen glow of the fire behind him.
As he drew nearer and nearer to the twinkling beacon towards which he bent his course, the red glare of a few torches began to reveal itself, and the voices of men speaking together in a subdued tone broke the silence which, save for a distant shouting now and then, already prevailed. At length he cleared the wood, and, springing across a ditch, stood in a dark lane, where a small body of ill-looking vagabonds, whom he had left there some twenty minutes before, waited his coming with impatience.
They were gathered round an old post-chaise or chariot, driven by one of themselves, who sat postilion-wise upon the near horse. The blinds were drawn up, and Mr Tappertit and Dennis kept guard at the two windows. The former assumed the command of the party, for he challenged Hugh as he advanced towards them; and when he did so, those who were resting on the ground about the carriage rose to their feet and clustered round him.
Entering into his boisterous humour, for they all had drunk deeply, and were as wild as he, they crowded about him, while two of their number who had torches, held them up, one on either side of him, that his banquet might not be despatched in the dark. Mr Dennis, having by this time succeeded in extricating from his hat a great mass of pasty, which had been wedged in so tightly that it was not easily got out, put it before him; and Hugh, having borrowed a notched and jagged knife from one of the company, fell to work upon it vigorously.
Hugh looked at him, and at the blackened faces by which he was surrounded, and, stopping for a moment to flourish his knife above his head, answered with a roar of laughter.
'Keep order, there, will you?' said Simon Tappertit.
But as the majority of those present were by no means anxious for a second engagement that night, being already weary and exhausted, they sided with Mr Tappertit, and pressed him to make haste with his supper, for they had already delayed too long. Knowing, even in the height of his frenzy, that they incurred great danger by lingering so near the scene of the late outrages, Hugh made an end of his meal without more remonstrance, and rising, stepped up to Mr Tappertit, and smote him on the back.
He thrust the little man aside as he spoke, and mounting on the steps, which were half let down, pulled down the blind by force, and stared into the chaise like an ogre into his larder.
The little hand seconded this admonition by thrusting Hugh's great head away with all its force, and drawing up the blind, amidst his noisy laughter, and vows that he must have another look, for the last glimpse of that sweet face had provoked him past all bearing. However, as the suppressed impatience of the party now broke out into open murmurs, he abandoned this design, and taking his seat upon the bar, contented himself with tapping at the front windows of the carriage, and trying to steal a glance inside; Mr Tappertit, mounting the steps and hanging on by the door, issued his directions to the driver with a commanding voice and attitude; the rest got up behind, or ran by the side of the carriage, as they could; some, in imitation of Hugh, endeavoured to see the face he had praised so highly, and were reminded of their impertinence by hints from the cudgel of Mr Tappertit. Thus they pursued their journey by circuitous and winding roads; preserving, except when they halted to take breath, or to quarrel about the best way of reaching London, pretty good order and tolerable silence.
In the mean time, Dolly—beautiful, bewitching, captivating little Dolly—her hair dishevelled, her dress torn, her dark eyelashes wet with tears, her bosom heaving—her face, now pale with fear, now crimsoned with indignation—her whole self a hundred times more beautiful in this heightened aspect than ever she had been before—vainly strove to comfort Emma Haredale, and to impart to her the consolation of which she stood in so much need herself. The soldiers were sure to come; they must be rescued; it would be impossible to convey them through the streets of London when they set the threats of their guards at defiance, and shrieked to the passengers for help. If they did this when they came into the more frequented ways, she was certain—she was quite certain—they must be released. So poor Dolly said, and so poor Dolly tried to think; but the invariable conclusion of all such arguments was, that Dolly burst into tears; cried, as she wrung her hands, what would they do or think, or who would comfort them, at home, at the Golden Key; and sobbed most piteously.
Miss Haredale, whose feelings were usually of a quieter kind than Dolly's, and not so much upon the surface, was dreadfully alarmed, and indeed had only just recovered from a swoon. She was very pale, and the hand which Dolly held was quite cold; but she bade her, nevertheless, remember that, under Providence, much must depend upon their own discretion; that if they remained quiet and lulled the vigilance of the ruffians into whose hands they had fallen, the chances of their being able to procure assistance when they reached the town, were very much increased; that unless society were quite unhinged, a hot pursuit must be immediately commenced; and that her uncle, she might be sure, would never rest until he had found them out and rescued them. But as she said these latter words, the idea that he had fallen in a general massacre of the Catholics that night—no very wild or improbable supposition after what they had seen and undergone—struck her dumb; and, lost in the horrors they had witnessed, and those they might be yet reserved for, she sat incapable of thought, or speech, or outward show of grief: as rigid, and almost as white and cold, as marble.
Oh, how many, many times, in that long ride, did Dolly think of her old lover,—poor, fond, slighted Joe! How many, many times, did she recall that night when she ran into his arms from the very man now projecting his hateful gaze into the darkness where she sat, and leering through the glass in monstrous admiration! And when she thought of Joe, and what a brave fellow he was, and how he would have rode boldly up, and dashed in among these villains now, yes, though they were double the number—and here she clenched her little hand, and pressed her foot upon the ground—the pride she felt for a moment in having won his heart, faded in a burst of tears, and she sobbed more bitterly than ever.
As the night wore on, and they proceeded by ways which were quite unknown to them—for they could recognise none of the objects of which they sometimes caught a hurried glimpse—their fears increased; nor were they without good foundation; it was not difficult for two beautiful young women to find, in their being borne they knew not whither by a band of daring villains who eyed them as some among these fellows did, reasons for the worst alarm. When they at last entered London, by a suburb with which they were wholly unacquainted, it was past midnight, and the streets were dark and empty. Nor was this the worst, for the carriage stopping in a lonely spot, Hugh suddenly opened the door, jumped in, and took his seat between them.
It was in vain they cried for help. He put his arm about the neck of each, and swore to stifle them with kisses if they were not as silent as the grave.
They were proceeding at a rapid pace, and apparently with fewer attendants than before, though it was so dark (the torches being extinguished) that this was mere conjecture. They shrunk from his touch, each into the farthest corner of the carriage; but shrink as Dolly would, his arm encircled her waist, and held her fast. She neither cried nor spoke, for terror and disgust deprived her of the power; but she plucked at his hand as though she would die in the effort to disengage herself; and crouching on the ground, with her head averted and held down, repelled him with a strength she wondered at as much as he. The carriage stopped again.
'Can you take her by yourself?' asked Hugh.
Having by this time hoisted the young lady into his arms, he staggered off with his burden.
Thrusting his face away with all her force, and holding down her head, Dolly submitted to be carried out of the chaise, and borne after Miss Haredale into a miserable cottage, where Hugh, after hugging her to his breast, set her gently down upon the floor.
Poor Dolly! Do what she would, she only looked the better for it, and tempted them the more. When her eyes flashed angrily, and her ripe lips slightly parted, to give her rapid breathing vent, who could resist it? When she wept and sobbed as though her heart would break, and bemoaned her miseries in the sweetest voice that ever fell upon a listener's ear, who could be insensible to the little winning pettishness which now and then displayed itself, even in the sincerity and earnestness of her grief? When, forgetful for a moment of herself, as she was now, she fell on her knees beside her friend, and bent over her, and laid her cheek to hers, and put her arms about her, what mortal eyes could have avoided wandering to the delicate bodice, the streaming hair, the neglected dress, the perfect abandonment and unconsciousness of the blooming little beauty? Who could look on and see her lavish caresses and endearments, and not desire to be in Emma Haredale's place; to be either her or Dolly; either the hugging or the hugged? Not Hugh. Not Dennis.
And here he exchanged a grin with Hugh, who removed his eyes from Dolly for the purpose.
The subject, perhaps from being of too exclusive and professional a nature, failed to interest Hugh as much as his friend had anticipated. But he had no time to pursue it, for at this crisis Mr Tappertit entered precipitately; at sight of whom Dolly uttered a scream of joy, and fairly threw herself into his arms.
Simon Tappertit, who had at first implicitly believed that the locksmith's daughter, unable any longer to suppress her secret passion for himself, was about to give it full vent in its intensity, and to declare that she was his for ever, looked extremely foolish when she said these words;—the more so, as they were received by Hugh and Dennis with a loud laugh, which made her draw back, and regard him with a fixed and earnest look.
Poor little Dolly! She saw how it was; hid her face in her hands; and sobbed more bitterly than ever.
As he said these words he advanced towards her. Dolly retreated till she could go no farther, and then sank down upon the floor. Thinking it very possible that this might be maiden modesty, Simon essayed to raise her; on which Dolly, goaded to desperation, wound her hands in his hair, and crying out amidst her tears that he was a dreadful little wretch, and always had been, shook, and pulled, and beat him, until he was fain to call for help, most lustily. Hugh had never admired her half so much as at that moment.
Hugh had her in his arms directly. It might be that Mr Tappertit's heart was really softened by her distress, or it might be that he felt it in some degree indecorous that his intended bride should be struggling in the grasp of another man. He commanded him, on second thoughts, to put her down again, and looked moodily on as she flew to Miss Haredale's side, and clinging to her dress, hid her flushed face in its folds.
'What are you laughing at?' demanded Simon sternly.
'Nothing, captain, nothing,' Hugh rejoined; and as he spoke, and clapped his hand upon the shoulder of the little man, he laughed again, for some unknown reason, with tenfold violence.
With this last caution, which was true enough, he turned to the door, followed by Hugh and Dennis. They paused for a moment, going out, to look at them clasped in each other's arms, and then left the cottage; fastening the door, and setting a good watch upon it, and indeed all round the house.
Strike who dead?' demanded Hugh.
Hugh looked, for a moment, as though he would have made some further inquiry into this incoherent recollection; but Simon Tappertit, who had been meditating deeply, gave his thoughts a new direction.
Hugh thanked him heartily; and as he did so, his laughing fit returned with such violence that he was obliged to hold his side with one hand, and to lean with the other on the shoulder of his small captain, without whose support he would certainly have rolled upon the ground.
You have reached the end of Barnaby Rudge Chapter 59. Click here to read the next chapter of this novel.


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Womens Soccer Listing
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If you miss old-fashioned black-and-blue football, played by passionate athletes, the X League, is your league. The WNT reached its five hundredth win in program historical past when it defeated Portugal, 1-0, on Nov. eight, 2018. Not only did it mark an unimaginable milestone in the sporting world, it put the exclamation level on their undefeated 2018 season.
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May 30, 2021 Football Tips


I'll be taking pictures with my new camera and trying to teach my two-year-old how to solder. Email me if you're around: crazybob@crazybob.org.
The picture above if from the high speed photography exhibit at last year's faire.
As an aside, I think it's time for me to sign up for Twitter so I can post announcements like this there. If you're on Twitter already, please send me your info so I don't get lonely.


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Q: How to create a new file member from an RPG-program? I need to create a new member for an existing physical file in my RPG-program. I know of two ways, and I must say, that I like neither:

*

*use QCMDEXC to make a call to ADDPFM

*write an CL-program, that calls ADDPFM and call that from RPG

The first one involves cat'ing together a command that has to be parsed by QCMDEXC which does not sound to performant (I know, the expansive part here is not the call, but the creation of the member) -- but what bothers me really about it, is that I don't find it straightforward, but on the contrary hard to follow and not very aesthetic.
The second one uses a compiled program, so there is no concating and parsing involved. Also, it does not look that horrible in your RPG-code, because it is only one normal procedure call. But I'll have to create an extra external program, that need's to be transfered to all systems my RPG-program will be used on. It also kind of conflicts with my sense of aesthetics, creating an extra source and binary just to do one api call.
Is there a way to call the api directly, without QCMDEXC? Or maybe another RPGish way of creating a new member to a PF? Google was no help to me at all..
Thanks

A: There is no way to directly create a physical file member from within RPG.
The options you listed are good.  Another is the system() API.  If this is a new app, try to avoid multiple members; they are not friends with SQL.  Traditional multi-member apps use a wrapper CL to handle the ADDPFM and OVRDBF before calling the RPG:
PGM &month
DCL &month *char 3
DCL &mbr *char 10
chgvar &mbr ('SALES' *cat &month)
addpfm sales &mbr
monmsg...
ovrdbf sales mbr(&mbr)
call RPG_PGM
endpgm

Obviously, with more recent versions of RPG, we can do the overrides in the F specs.  But there is still no way to manipulate file members directly from within RPG.  I tend to write procedure wrappers for system() or QCMDEXC and put that in a service program so I can do OS-level work from within my RPG programs.  If you prefer, write a specific ADDPFM procedure and call that 'API'.

A: To give some example of the QCMDEXC solution. If you just need some way within an RPG-program to create a member, and you don't want to add any additional (CL-)programs, this is a simple solution that does the job:
You can create a procedure crt_mbr like this:
 Pcrt_mbr          B
 D                 PI
 D lib                           10A   value
 D file                          10A   value
 D mbr                           10A   value
 Dqcmdexc          PR                  extpgm('QCMDEXC')
 D str                          200a   options(*varsize) const
 D len                           15P 5 const
 Dcmd              S            200A
 Dlen              S             15P 5
  /free
   cmd = 'ADDPFM FILE('+%trimr(lib)+'/'+%trimr(file)+') ' +
         'MBR(' + %trimr(mbr) +')';
   len = %len(%trimr(cmd));
   qcmdexc(cmd: len);
  /end-free
 Pcrt_mbr          E

It can look like this in v7:
dcl-proc crt_mbr;
  dcl-pi *n;
    lib    char(10) value;
    file   char(10) value;
    mbr    char(10) value;
  end-pi;

  dcl-pr qcmdexc  extpgm('QCMDEXC');
    str    char(200) options(*varsize) const;
    len    packed(15:5) const;
  end-pr;

  dcl-s cmd    char(200) inz('');
  dcl-s len    packed(15:5) inz(0);

  cmd = 'ADDPFM FILE(' + %trimr(lib) + '/' + %trimr(file) + ')' +
        ' MBR(' + %trimr(mbr) + ')';
  qcmdexc(cmd: %len(%trimr(cmd)));
end-proc;

You might need to add the prototype at the beginning of your program (depending on your release):
 Dcrt_mbr          PR
 D lib                           10A   value
 D file                          10A   value
 D mbr                           10A   value

Know in your program you can just call:
/free
 ...
 crt_mbr('MY_LIB': 'MY_FILE': 'NEW_MEMBER');
 ...
/end-free

Please notice, that this has no error handling at all. So if e.g. the file allready contains a member of that name, your program will dump. Add monitoring or different error handling as needed.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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\section{Introduction}

Recently, Matsukawa {\it et al.}  have  discovered a new superconductor Pr$_{2}$Ba$_{4}$Cu$_{7}$O$_{15-\delta}$(Pr247) in which  CuO double chains are considered to derive  the superconductivity at $T_c \sim 20$K\cite{Matsukawa,Yamada}.
Since  electronic conduction in CuO$_2$ plane  of Pr247 is suppressed due to the so-called Fehrenbacher-Rice state\cite{Rice},   the  double chains are expected to play a  crucial role  for  metallic state of the material.
In fact, anisotropy in the resistivity of a single crystal  shows the one-dimensional(1D)  conductivity  based on the  CuO double chains and the NQR experiment also indicates that the superconductivity is realized in the CuO double chains \cite{Horii,Mizokawa,Watanabe,Sasaki}.
These experiments stimulate  our interest in the  theoretical aspect  for  the electronic state  and  the superconductivity of the double chain system.

Many theoretical works have been performed on the electronic state of   double chain systems such  as    Ladder models and zigzag chain models.\cite{Balentz,Fabrizio,Emery,Emery1,Solyom,Voit,Doi,Kuroki,Daul,Daul2,Seo,Nishimoto,Ohta,Okunishi,Sano-O-Y,Nakano-Kuro}
Generally speaking, the electronic state of these two-band models is characterized by  existence of four Fermi points, namely, $\pm k_{F_1}$ and $\pm k_{F_2}$ on the Fermi surface.
In the weak coupling regime,  bosonaization method reveals that  the low-energy excitations  of the double chain   are given by a single gapless charge mode with a gapped spin mode  (labeled as $c1s0$),
 when the ratio of the two Fermi velocities $|v_{F_1}/v_{F_2}|$ is smaller than a critical value $\sim 8.6$.\cite{Balentz,Fabrizio,Emery,c2s2}.
The correlation functions of the superconductivity(SC)  and that of the charge density wave (CDW)  decay as $\sim r^{-\frac{1}{2K_{\rho}}}$ and $\sim \cos[{2(k_{F_2}-k_{F_1}) r}] r^{-2K_{\rho}}$, respectively, while that of the spin density wave (SDW)  decays exponentially.
Here, $K_{\rho}$ is the Luttinger liquid parameter and determines the critical exponents of  various types of correlation functions in  the model which is isotropic in spin space.\cite{Emery1,Solyom,Voit}
In the  $c1s0$ region, the SC correlation is dominant for  $K_\rho >1/2$, while, the CDW correlation is dominant for $K_\rho <1/2$.

In the strong coupling regime, the double chain systems  have been studied  by using numerical methods.\cite{Doi,Kuroki,Daul,Daul2,Seo,Nishimoto,Ohta,Okunishi}. At half-filling, the system can be described by a Heisenberg model whose ground state is a spin liquid insulator with a finite spin gap\cite{Kuroki,Daul2,Okunishi}. Away from  half-filling, the system becomes a metallic state which maintains a spin gap\cite{Daul,Okunishi}. This behavior is explained by the existence of electron pairs  produced  by the dominant fluctuations of the $4k_F$ charge density wave or the interchain paring fluctuations.

Among them, there are few works which consider the model just corresponding to the Pr247 except our previous work\cite{Sano-O-Y} and the very recent work using the fluctuation exchange (FLEX) approximation\cite{Nakano-Kuro}.
In our previous paper, we have investigated the superconductivity in the $d$-$p$ double chain model, simulating a CuO double chain of Pr247 where the tight-binding parameters are determined so as to fit the band structure of the local density approximation(LDA).
On the basis of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory, we have obtained  $K_{\rho}$ as a function of the electron density $n$. The doping dependence of $K_{\rho}$ is in good agreement with that of $T_c$ in Pr247 \cite{Yamada}  when we assume that   $T_c$ is  a monotonically increasing function of $K_{\rho}$ at $K_{\rho}>1/2$.
However the Hartree-Fock(HF) approximation has been used in this work and  the analysis is limited in the case of the weak coupling region as well as  the FLEX approximation.

Since the strong correlation effect may play an important role in the electronic state and the superconductivity of Pr247, a nonperturbative and reliable approach is required. In this work, we  employ the numerical diagonalization method for the double chain $t$-$J$ model whose parameters are selected to cover the  realistic  band structure of the CuO double chains.
We calculate  the Luttinger liquid  parameters  $K_{\rho}$  and address the  behavior of the spin gap  in the strong coupling regime  beyond the previous works.

We consider the following Hamiltonian for the one-dimensional  $t_1$-$t_2$-$J_1$-$J_2$ model(zigzag chain $t$-$J$ model);
\begin{eqnarray}
H&=&t_1\sum_{i,\sigma}(c_{i,\sigma}^{\dagger} c_{i+1,\sigma}+h.c.)
+t_2\sum_{i,\sigma}(c_{i,\sigma}^{\dagger} c_{i+2,\sigma}+h.c.)
 \nonumber \\
&+&J_1\sum_{i,\sigma}({\bf S}_{i} \cdot {\bf S}_{i+1}-\frac{1}{4}n_in_{i+1})
 \nonumber \\
&+&J_2\sum_{i,\sigma}({\bf S}_i \cdot {\bf S}_{i+2}-\frac{1}{4}n_in_{i+2}),
 \nonumber
\label{tJ-Hamil}
\end{eqnarray}
where $c^{\dagger}_{i,\sigma}$ stands for the creation operator of an
 electron with spin $\sigma$ at site $i$  and
   $n_{i,\sigma}=c_{i,\sigma}^{\dagger}c_{i,\sigma}$.
Here,  $t_1$ is the hopping energy  between the nearest-neighbor  sites and $t_{2}$  is that  between the next nearest-neighbor  sites as shown in Fig.1(a).
The interaction parameters $J_1$ and $J_2$ stand for   the exchange
  coupling between the nearest-neighbor  sites and between  the next nearest-neighbor  sites, respectively. We take account of the infinite on-site repulsion by removing states with doubly occupied sites from the Hilbert space.

To determine the hopping energies  $t_1$ and $t_2$, we compare  the noninteracting $t_1$-$t_2$ band  with the $d$-band of the CuO double chain obtained by the LDA band structure in YaBa$_{2}$Cu$_{4}$O$_{8}$(YBCO)\cite{Draxl}.
Here YBCO includes the CuO double chains with the same lattice structure  as those in Pr247.
As shown in Fig.1(b), both bands are in good agreement  with each other, when we select $t_1=-0.1$eV and $t_2=-0.45$eV\cite{dp-band}.

As for the   exchange  coupling  energies, $J_1$ is considered to originate in the  exchange  interaction between electrons in the nearest neighbor  $d$-sites.
The value of $J_1$ is  given by the 2nd order perturbation with respect to  the hopping  $t_{dd}$, $i.e.$   $J_1=4t_{dd}^2/U_d$, where $U_d$ is  the on-site Coulomb interaction between $d$ electrons.
When we assume  $t_{dd}=0.12 {\rm eV}$\cite{dp-band} and $U_d=6{\rm eV}$,  $J_1$ is estimated as $0.01{\rm eV}$.
On the other hand, $J_2$ is considered to the superexchange interaction  acting between the next nearest neighbor Cu-sites connecting through O-site.
Our previous study for $d$-$p$ single chain  and Ladder models\cite{effectiveJ}  indicates that the exchange interaction $J/t_{pd}$ is $\sim 0.14$ for $d$-$p$ single chain,   and about 0.09 for  $d$-$p$ Ladder  at $\Delta/t_{pd} \sim 2.6$ and $U_d/t_{pd}=8$.  Here, we  note that  the 4th order perturbation\cite{Matsukawa-Fuku} with respect to $t_{pd}$ overestimates the value of $J/t_{pd}$  in the case of  $\Delta/t_{pd}  \stackrel{<}{_\sim} 4$.\cite{effectiveJ}
By reference from the above, we regard the adequate value of $J_2$ as $\sim 0.15 {\rm eV}$.
These values are  close to that of  corresponding  parameters obtained in CuO$_2$ plain system.\cite{Hybertsen}

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{fig1.eps}
\end{center}
  \caption[]{
(a) Schematic diagram of  $t_1-t_2-J_1-J_2$  model on  the zigzag chain.
(b)  Energy dispersion relation for the noninteracting  $t_1-t_2$  model on  the zigzag chain.  Solid lines are the tight-binding result  with $t_1=-0.1 {\rm eV}$ and  $t_2=-0.45 {\rm eV}$. Closed circles are  the LDA result  for the $d$-band of the CuO double chain.
}
  \label{fig:1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{fig2.eps}
\end{center}
  \caption[]{
    $K_{\rho}$  as a function of $n$ for  $t_1=-0.1 {\rm eV}$,  $t_2= -0.45 {\rm eV}$,  $J_1=0.01 {\rm eV}$ and $J_2 = 0.15 {\rm eV}$. The  dashed line is a guide for eyes.
Inset shows the chemical potential $\mu$ as a function of $n$. The solid line represents a fitting line  using a  second order polynomial  by the least square method. }
\label{Krow}
\end{figure}

We numerically diagonalize the Hamiltonian  up to 24 sites   using the standard Lanczos algorithm  and  calculate the ground state energy $E_0$.  We use the periodic boundary  condition for $N_e=4m+2$ and the antiperiodic boundary condition for $N_e=4m$, where $N_e$ is the  total number of electrons and $m$ is  an  integer.
The filling $n$ is defined  by  $n=N_{e}/N$, where $N$ is the total  number of sites.
The critical exponent $K_{\rho}$ is related to  the charge susceptibility
 $\chi_c$ and  the Drude weight $D$ by
$
      K\sb{\rho}=\frac{1}{2}(\pi \chi_c D)^{1/2} ,
$
with
$
D=\frac{\pi}{N} \frac{\partial^2 E_0(\phi)}{\partial \phi^2},
$
where $E_0(\phi)$ is the total energy of the ground state as a function of
 magnetic flux $N \phi$.\cite{Voit}
Here, the flux is imposed by  introducing the following  gauge transformation:  $c_{m\sigma}{\dagger} \to  e^{im\phi}c_{m\sigma}^{\dagger}$ for an arbitrary site $m$.
 When the charge gap vanishes in the thermodynamic limit, the uniform
 charge susceptibility $\chi_c$ is obtained from
$
\chi_c=\frac{\partial n}{\partial \mu},
$
where the chemical potential $\mu (N_e,N)$ is defined by
$
   \mu (N_{e},N)=\frac{E_0(N_e+1,N)-E_0(N_e-1,N)}2.
$
 Using the above $\chi_c$ and $D$, we calculate  the $K_\rho$ from the ground state energy $E_0$ of the finite size system.

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{fig3b.eps}
\end{center}
    \caption[]{
(a) $K_{\rho}$ as a function of $J_2$ for $n=2/3$(12electrons/18sites).
(b) The energy difference $E_0(\phi)-E_0(0)$  as a function of an external flux $\phi$ for $n=2/3$(12electrons/18sites) at $J_2$=0, 0.15 and 0.30eV with $t_1=-0.1 {\rm eV}$,  $t_2= -0.45 {\rm eV}$ and $J_1=0.01 {\rm eV}$.
  }
\label{fig:3}
\end{figure}
Fig. \ref{Krow} shows the Luttinger parameter $K_{\rho}$  as a function of the electron density  $n$ for $t_1=-0.1 {\rm eV}$,  $t_2=-0.45 {\rm eV}$,  $J_1=0.01 {\rm eV}$ and $J_2=0.15 {\rm eV}$.
Inset shows the chemical potential $\mu$ as a function of $n$, where  data of $\mu$ is fitted  to a second-order polynomial  as a function of $n$ by the least square method and the value of $\chi_c$  is estimated from differential coefficient of the polynomial.
 $K_{\rho}$ increases with increasing $n$ and then have a maximum at an optimal electron density at $n\sim 0.6$.
In the region of $0.4\stackrel{<}{_\sim} n \stackrel{<}{_\sim} 0.8$, the value of $K_{\rho}$ exceeds $0.5$ when the SC correlation becomes most dominant as compared with the other correlations (SC phase).
The overall behavior of  $K_{\rho}$  is consistent with our previous work obtained by the HF approximation\cite{Sano-O-Y} except near the half-filling.

Figure \ref{fig:3}(a) shows  the value of $K_{\rho}$ as a function of  $J_2$  for the  12electrons/18sites system.
As $J$ increases, $K_{\rho}$  increases and it  becomes larger than 0.5 even if  $J_2=0$.
To confirm the superconductivity, we calculate the ground state  energy  $E_0(\phi)$,  as a function of an external flux $\phi$.
As shown in Fig. \ref{Krow}(b),  anomalous flux  quantization  clearly occurs  at $J\stackrel{>}{_\sim} 0.05$.
It suggests that  the SC phase  appears at $K_{\rho}> 0.5$.

Next, we consider the phase diagram of the spin gap $\Delta_\sigma$.
Generally speaking, it is not easy for  numerical methods to estimate  $\Delta_\sigma$ preciously in the case of the energy scale  being small.
Especially, it is very difficult to determine the phase boundary of the spin gap which is defined  by $\Delta_\sigma=0$.
To overcome this difficulty, we introduce   $twist$-$operator$  $Z_\sigma$, given as
\begin{equation}
Z_\sigma=\exp[\frac{2\pi i}{N}\sum_{j=1}^Nj(n_{j\uparrow}-n_{j\downarrow})].
\label{Zs}
\end{equation}
When the expectation value  $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle >0(<0)$,  the system  becomes  spin gapfull(gapless) as  has already  been well examined  by Nakamura $et$ $al$. in the study of 1D extended  Hubbard  model\cite{Nakamura-Voit}.
We expect that this method is applicable to our zigzag chain model  as well.

In Fig.\ref{fig:4}, we show the size dependence of the critical point $t_{2c}/|t_1|$  determined by  $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle=0$, where we set the relation between  the electron hopping  and the exchange interaction as   $(t_{2}/|t_1|)^2=J_2/J_1$.
 For $n=1$, our system  reduces to the $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model and the critical point $t_{2c}/|t_1|$ is well   scaled by $1/N^2$.
The extrapolated value $|t_{2c}/t_1|=0.491$ is very close to the  known result of the  Heisenberg model,  $J_{2c}/J_1=(t_{2c}/t_1)^2=0.241$\cite{Okamoto}.
For $n <1$, we obtain the extrapolated value by assuming the same size dependence, where  we set $J_1/|t_1|=0.4$, and $J_2/J_1=(t_2/t_1)^2$ to correspond to
the zigzag chain Hubbard model($t_1$-$t_2$-$U$ model).

\begin{figure}[t]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{fig4n.eps}
\end{center}
\caption[]{
Size dependence of the critical point $t_{2c}$ for $n=1/2,3/5,3/4,4/5$, and 1
  determined by the condition $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle=0$.
The open square stands the well known result of the $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model in the limit $N \to \infty$.
}
\label{fig:4}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{fig5n.eps}
\end{center}
\caption[]{
Phase diagram   on  the $t_2/|t_1|$-$n$ plane. The solid circles stand
the extrapolated value of the critical point $t_{2c}/|t_1|$.
The open symbols, $\triangle$,  $\bigcirc$, $\diamondsuit$ and $\Box$ indicate  spin polarized  ground state of finite size systems with  $S_{total}/S_{max}=1/4$, $S_{total}/S_{max}=1/3$, $S_{total}/S_{max}=1/2$  and $S_{total}/S_{max}=1$, respectively, where $S_{total}$ is the total spin  of the ferromagnetic state and $S_{max}$ is the maximum possible   value of $S_{total}$.
The broken lines are the phase boundary between c2s2 and c1s0 obtained by the weak coupling theory.\cite{Balentz}
The dashed lines present the  boundary  between  the region of four  Fermi  points and that of two  Fermi  points in the noninteracting model.

}
\label{fig:5}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[!h]
  \begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=5.8cm]{fig6.eps}
\end{center}
\caption[]{
The value of $v_{\sigma}\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$ as a function of $t_2/|t_1|$   at $n=12/18,16/18,18/18$ (18-sites systems with 12,16,18-electrons), where we set $t_2=-1$ for $t_2/|t_1|<-1$, $t_1=1$ for $|t_2/t_1| \le 1$, and $t_2=1$ for $t_2/|t_1|>1$, respectively.
For all values of  $t_2/|t_1|$,  we set $J_1=0.5t_1^2$, and $J_2=0.5t_2^2$ to correspond to the $t_1$-$t_2$-$U$ model with $U=8$.
The open squares stand   the spin gap of $\Delta_{\sigma}$  obtained from the DMRG method for $n=1$\cite{White}.
}
\label{fig:6}
\end{figure}

Fig.\ref{fig:5} shows  the phase diagram  on  the $t_2/|t_1|$-$n$ plane together with the result of the weak coupling theory.
It shows that the phase boundary of the spin gap  is close to that from the weak coupling theory for the region with $n\stackrel{>}{_\sim} 0.5$ and $t_2/|t_1|\stackrel{<}{_\sim} -1$.
It also suggests that the boundary is almost independent of $U$ in the  $t_1$-$t_2$-$U$ model, as has already reported for $n=1$.\cite{Otsuka,Torio}
We note that the phase diagram suggests that the parameter region corresponding to Pr247 belongs to the spin gapped phase with $Z_\sigma>0$.

In the region  $ 0.5 \stackrel{<}{_\sim} t_2/|t_1| \stackrel{<}{_\sim} 1.9 $, we  find that
the ground state of the finite system is a spin polarized ferromagnetic state in part as shown in Fig.5\cite{Doi,Daul,Nakano-Taka}, where we use the systems  for $n=4/14,8/14,12/14,4/16,8/16,12/16,4/18,8/18,12/18$ and $16/18$.
The region of the ferromagnetic state is disconnected in respect to $t_2/|t_1|$, which is considered to be caused by a finite size effect.
Although the phase boundary of $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle=0$  is masked by the ferromagnetic state in the region, we have confirmed that the sign of $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$ is positive for $t_2/|t_1|\stackrel{>}{_\sim} 1$ and  negative for $t_2/|t_1|\stackrel{<}{_\sim} 0$ except the ferromagnetic phase.

Finally, we consider the relationship between   $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$  and  the value of the spin gap $\Delta_{\sigma}$.
It is known that $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$  corresponds to the expectation  value of the nonlinear term $\cos(\surd{8\phi_{\sigma}})$ in the sine-Gordon model which is  the effective Hamiltonian of 1D electron system\cite{Nakamura-Voit}.
Because this term becomes a source producing the gap,  there is a close relation  between  $\Delta_{\sigma}$ and  $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$\cite{Lukyanov}.
We find  that $\Delta_{\sigma}$ of the infinite system is  almost proportional to the product of $ v_{\sigma}$ and $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$ of the 18-sites system in  wide range of the parameter  $t_2/|t_1|$ at $n=1$,
 where $v_{\sigma}$ is the spin  velocity corresponding to the energy scale of the spin part of the  effective Hamiltonian\cite{vs}.
In Fig.\ref{fig:6}, we plot $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$ in  the 18-sites  system together with $\Delta_{\sigma}$  obtained by DMRG method for $n=1$.\cite{White}

Remarkably, a phenomenological relation, $\Delta_{\sigma}=0.48v_{\sigma}\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$, is observed at $n=1$ for all values of  $t_2/|t_1|$.
Assuming the same relation is  satisfied even for  $n<1$,
we estimate the spin  gap $\Delta_{\sigma}$ from the value of  $v_{\sigma}\langle Z_\sigma \rangle$ of  the 18-sites  system.
To confirm this  assumption, we compare our result with  $\Delta_{\sigma}$ of the $t_1$-$t_2$-$U$ model obtained by the recent DMRG method.\cite{Okunishi}
As shown in Fig.6, we obtain  $\langle Z_\sigma \rangle \sim 0.25$ and $v_s \sim 1.5$ resulting in  $\Delta_{\sigma} \sim 0.18$ for $n=16/18$ (18-sites system with 16-electrons) with the  parameters: $|t_1|=1.0$, $t_2=-1.0$,  $J_1=0.5$, and $J_2=0.5$.
The result is in good agreement with  the  DMRG result, i.e., $\Delta_{\sigma} \sim 0.16$ of  the corresponding $t_1$-$t_2$-$U$ model with  $|t_1|=1.0$, $t_2=-1.0$ and  $U=8$.\cite{Okunishi}
Then, we expect that our  analysis is  useful to estimate   the spin gap, even for $n<1$.
When we apply the above method to the realistic parameter region of Pr247, we obtain   $\Delta \simeq 0.0072$eV for $n=16/18$ with  $t_1=-0.1$eV, $t_2=-0.45$eV,  $J_1=0.01$eV and $J_2=0.15$eV.
In the case of  $n=12/18$, we  find  $\Delta_{\sigma} \simeq 0.011$eV.
These results suggest that the order of the spin gap amounts to  $\Delta_{\sigma}\sim 100$K  in the realistic parameter region of Pr247  and  is  larger than $T_c \simeq 20$K.

In summary, we investigate the one-dimensional $t_1$-$t_2$-$J_1$-$J_2$ model as an effective model for metallic CuO double chain of Pr247 using the numerical diagonalization method.
The  hopping  parameters of electron  are chosen so as to fit the $d$-band from the CuO double chain obtained from LDA calculation and the exchange  coupling  energies $J_1$ and $J_2$ are estimated by  the known results of 1D $d$-$p$ models.
In a realistic parameter region, we show that the Luttinger liquid parameter $K_{\rho}$  is greater than 0.5 and  the anomalous flux  quantization is found.
It suggests that the CuO double chain is responsible for the superconductivity of Pr 247 on the basis of the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theory.
We also calculate the expectation value of the twist-operator $Z_{\sigma}$ and
obtain the phase boundary of the spin gap  including the region with large value of $t_2/|t_1|$.
By comparing with  the known result of the $J_1$-$J_2$ Heisenberg model,
we  estimate   the value of the spin gap $\Delta_{\sigma}$ through $\langle Z_{\sigma} \rangle$ and spin velocity $v_{\sigma}$, and find the spin gap becomes  $\sim 100K$ in the realistic parameter region of Pr247.
This result is consistent with the recent NQR  experiment, where $(T_1T)^{-1}$ is suppressed in the superconducting sample as compared with the non-superconducting sample even above $T_c$.

\acknowledgements
The authors thank Y. Yamada, K. Okunishi, K. Kuroki and T. Nakano for useful discussion.
This work is partially supported by the Grant-in-Aid for  Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
carrot caramel recipe
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Too much ethanol too quickly can then overwhelm … Almost 15 percent of Americans have tried coke, and 6 percent of high school seniors have gotten high from the drug. Cannabis is the most widely used illegal drug in the U.K., although its consumption in recent years has fallen. This is a United States Government, Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) website. Yet, I get a kick out of you. Here's a photo of an operation at Bellevue at the time (with Halsted inset). Blow definition is - to be in motion. It can be snorted, injected, or smoked. Whippits, Whippets and Whip-Its Are the Same Drug. Named for its sponsor, New York Representative Francis B. Harrison (pictured), the act regulated and taxed those who produced, imported and distributed opiate drugs including opium, morphine, heroin, and codeine, as well as cocaine. Blopress Tablet is used to treat high blood pressure. That is what makes Ted Demme's "Blow" different from other drug movies-it does not portray its characters as addicted lowlifes, but as recklessly successful, high powered … What is Angina? A drug overdose can be fatal and causes sleepiness, confusion, coma, vomiting, and other symptoms. "It is a stimulant for the fatigued and overworked body and brain, it prevents malaria, influenza and wasting diseases," Mariani claimed. How a drug is taken. Freud's colleague Dr. Karl Koller, an ophthalmology intern at Vienna General Hospital, was the first to write about cocaine's anesthetic properties. This medicine works by preventing the activity of certain natural substances that tighten the blood vessels which results in decreased blood pressure. In 1934, Cole Porter celebrated coke in his hit song "I Get a Kick Out of You," whose lyrics include the following lines: "Some get a kick from cocaine. View the paraphernalia tab in our Identifying Drugs tool for images of all the paraphernalia listed below. Blow up - destroy with an explosion 4. Doctors got a taste of cocaine and were impressed. Introduces the term "drug" and specifically relates it to alcohol and tobacco. Spice: Varies widely. A marijuana concentrate is a highly potent THC concentrated mass that is most similar in appearance to either honey or butter, which is why it is referred to or known on the street as "honey oil" or "budder." Credit: University of Michigan Center for the History of Medicine. David Nutt was speaking at an event to mark the 10th anniversary of his dismissal as chair of the Advisory Council on the Misuse of Drugs. ... (of a drug, esp LSD) to alter someone's mental state. - Marijuana caballo (spanish) - Heroin cabbage head - An individual who will use or experiment with any kind of drug cabello (spanish) - Cocaine caca - Heroin cactus - Mescaline cactus buttons - Mescaline cactus head - Mescaline cad/cadillac - 1 ounce cadillac - … Cocaine use in the U.S. began to dip by the 1940s only to come back with a vengeance in the 1970s. Dab drug use involves a highly concentrated form of marijuana that has a butter- or honey-like appearance. Plastic baggies or small paper bags Cigarette packages Electronic-cigarettes (also called E-cigarettes) Small glass vials Pill bottles Candy or gum wrappers Baseball cap/ski cap … A higher value on the Therapeutic Index indicates a more favorable safety profile (Image Source: ORAU, ©) However, the use of the ED50 and TD50 doses to derive the TI may be misleading about a drug's safety, depending on the slope of the dose-response curves for therapeutic and toxic effects.To overcome this deficiency, toxicologists often use another term … Drug: Average prices (2016) Herbal cannabis (standard) per qtr oz (From Druglink survey 2012): £37. Medical journals touted it, saying it could cure everything from flatulence, hysteria, hypochondria, and back pain, to muscle aches, nervous dispositions, and fatigue. The characters in SpongeBob SquarePants are like no others, not only physically but also personality-wise, which has made way for a number of fan theories. Know what illegal drugs look like, their effects on those that use them and how they are administered can benefit virtually everyone - especially parents, grandparents, teachers and school administrators, and anyone who cares for teens and children. One can only imagine the physical and mental toll 38 years of secretive drug abuse took on the brilliant surgeon. It is a prescription medicine. ing , blows v. intr. This produces a stronger more potent form of the drug which is sometimes referred to as Skunk. £30-60 in central London, £20 for 3.5g in Manchester. Learn 10 important facts about whippits, including common side effects and the drug's potential for causing addiction. ; Four weeks before: Do not take any antibiotics or probiotics. Learn more about this dangerous activity. The inclusion of a link on this website does not constitute an official endorsement, guarantee, or approval by DEA. Clothing, jewelry, tattoos, teen slang with drug culture messages. … Soon they became full-fledged addicts, injecting the drug exclusively. Here's Freud with his famous couch, around 1932. "If the drug is working then it's wise that as a nation we get it en-masse and we administer to as many people as possible," Marisa said. Slang for cocaine. Some other names for cocaine include: coke; blow; powder; crack; Cocaine has a long history in medicine. Drug overdose. By adding a contrast, a cardiac echo has better resolution. Tracking Drug Use and Other Drug-Related Statistics, Accidental Exposure: Drugs and Young Children, Growing Up Drug Free: A Parent's Guide to Prevention (2017), Social Media: Understanding a Teen's World, Talking to Your Child When You Suspect Drug Use, What You Should Know About Marijuana Concentrates/ Honey Butane Oil, Federal Student Aid and Consequences of a Drug Conviction, How Drugs Alter Brain Development and Affect Teens, VIDEO: Taking Prescription Drugs to Get High—A Bad Idea, Get Involved in a Community Anti-Drug Coalition, paraphernalia tab in our Identifying Drugs tool, DEA Allows the Return of Unused Medications to Pharmacies, Electronic-cigarettes (also called E-cigarettes), Cigars used to fill with marijuana to make a blunt, Pipes (metal, wooden, acrylic, glass, stone, plastic, ceramic), Bongs (a filtration device to smoke marijuana), Roach clips (a metal holder for a marijuana cigarette), E-Cigarettes (to smoke marijuana concentrates), Plastic pen case or cut up drinking straw, Small mirrors, small spoons, short plastic straws, rolled-up paper tubes, Pacifiers and lollipops (to prevent teeth grinding and jaw clenching), Bottles or aerosol cans with hardened glue, sprays, paint or chemical odors, Sun glasses for red eyes, changes in pupil size, or eye movements. The proportion of 11 to 15 year olds in England who had used cannabis dropped from 13.3% in 2003 to 7% in 2013, while the proportion of 16 to 59 year olds using cannabis in the same period fell from 10.6% to 6.6%.. Copyright © 2021 CBS Interactive Inc.All rights reserved. a phenomenon that occurs when you have an unbroken chain of ancestors going back several generations, who have never experienced oppression, that prevents you from acknowledging the possibility that oppression may still exist for … More Teen Drug Use Terms. European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction 2007 Annual Report; United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime, report on LSD, 1998; U.S. Department of Justice, National Drug Intelligence Center report, May 2003 Coke ; blow ; powder ; crack ; cocaine has a long History in medicine concluded discovering! Help cure `` morphinism, '' and began producing a wine-based tonic that coke! Impair a person 's ability to drive a car for a nitrous oxide charger, and. 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The 5 steps of facts dependent perform (EBP) give you the beginning for this booklet that helps scholar studying to discover, appraise, and follow facts to enhance sufferer outcomes.
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Designed to supply easy accessibility to criteria of take care of infectious illness through targeting choice, right doses, charges, and negative effects of antimicrobial brokers, the 2005-2006 notebook of Infectious sickness treatment attracts widely from ideas made via the facilities for illness keep watch over and Prevention, the clinical Letter on medicines and Therapeutics, and from respectable statements of revered scientific societies.
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For example, a patient with neuro Both the direction of resistance and the angle at which it is applied will influence the response. The use of logical dysfunction may demonstrate an increase in unwanted tonal patterns or nonfunctional synergistic movements if resistance is increased or if too difficult a posture is attempted; patients with cardiovascu lar-pulmonary involvement may demonstrate an in crease in physiological stress, including increases in heart rate and blood pressure; for those with muscu loskeletal involvement, excessive resistance may be inconsistent with the goal of tissue healing.
9 Muscle stability is a prerequisite to postural stability, which occurs when weight-bearing positions are maintained. Endurance is improved as the person contracts against the resistance of gravity with the same intensity but for longer durations. 42,48 This contraction should be maintained for a prolonged du ration, for example, from 20 seconds to 1 minute, al though the duration will vary among individuals. The type I, slow-twitch, oxidative fibers needed to improve stability and endurance are activated by this low-intensity, long-duration contraction.
When uni lateral arm movements are performed, increased weight bearing on and through the supporting limb occurs. The neck extensors are positioned in mid range, rather than the shortened range that occurs in pivot prone. 19 This slight stretch facilitates contraction of the short and long neck extensors and flexors. The position of the upper arm will influence the amount of activity in the shoulder musculature: if the elbows are positioned directly under the shoulders, the posi tion is mechanically stable and little shoulder activity is needed; resistance applied anteriorly, posteriorly, or laterally will require increased proximal muscle activation to maintain the posture.


Testimony provided by Brattle economists contributed to a favorable ruling for medical device company Smith & Nephew, which was awarded $4 million by a Massachusetts federal jury on September 4th in a patent infringement suit it brought against rival company Hologic Inc. The damages for lost profits were awarded after the jury ruled that Hologic's hysteroscopic MyoSure Tissue Removal Device infringed two patents owned by Smith & Nephew. The dispute first came to suit in 2009, when Smith & Nephew sued Interlace Medical Inc. – acquired by Hologic in 2011 – alleging the MyoSure device infringed patents Smith & Nephew already owned. On behalf of Smith & Nephew, Brattle senior associate Armando Levy supported former Brattle expert Greg Duncan.


Hilo, Hawaii personal injury attorney Louis P. Mendonca has achieved numerous verdicts and settlements on behalf of accident victims on the Big Island and throughout Hawaii. Louis P. Mendonca handles litigation arising from all types of personal injury, including auto, motorcycle, bicycle, and pedestrian accidents, as well as cases involving wrongful death.
Attorney Louis P. Mendonca understands that while you are experiencing an emotional and stressful time following an accident or injury, it is important to know how to protect your legal rights and options. We have compiled this page of frequently asked questions to provide some basic but very important information about personal injury issues and concerns. If you or a loved one has been involved in an accident, please contact Louis P. Mendonca, Attorney at Law to schedule a free, personalized consultation.
If you've been involved in a motor vehicle accident, obtain the other driver's license, registration and insurance information. Seek immediate medical attention for your injuries or any passengers who are injured. Try to document everything that you can remember about the accident, by writing down the exact location of the accident, position of the vehicles, the time of day, weather conditions, any obstacles in the road, where you were going and coming from, any people with you in the vehicle, and any witnesses to the accident. Take photos with your cell phone camera. Record as many details as possible even if they do not seem important right away. Consult with an experienced Hawaii injury lawyer to determine what information is relevant or helpful to your case.
In the days following the accident, keep notes or a journal of your physical and emotional condition, including notes of any pain, anxiety, and sleep loss. Also, record any medical treatment, doctor visits, or time missed from work as a result of the accident. This information will substantiate your claim for damages and recovery.
If you were injured in a motor vehicle accident, the other driver's insurance company may offer you a settlement, but these offers are often far less than you need and deserve to cover your damages. Insurance companies are in business to maximize their profits by paying as little on claims as possible, and they have a full staff of attorneys on their side to protect their interests. An experienced Hilo injury attorney such as Louis P. Mendonca can help you level the playing field, protect your rights and receive full and fair compensation for your injuries.
An attorney will help you investigate the circumstances surrounding your accident, determine all responsible parties and potential sources of liability assess what is a fair settlement amount for your injuries, and challenge low settlement offers from the insurance company. In the event that a fair settlement offer cannot be negotiated with the insurance company, Louis P. Mendonca is prepared to litigate your case at trial to obtain the compensation you need and deserve.
Hawaii insurance law requires all drivers to carry liability insurance on their vehicle at all times. At a minimum, drivers must have insurance to cover $20,000 per person/$40,000 per accident in bodily injury liability coverage, and $10,000 per occurrence in property damage. Even with such low minimum requirements, as many as one in eight Hawaii drivers on the road at any given time are not carrying insurance. The odds of being struck by an uninsured driver are much higher than you might think.
Fortunately, you do have options if you are hit by a driver without insurance. If you have Uninsured Motorist/Underinsured Motorist (UM/UIM) coverage on your own policy, then your insurance company will cover your damages if you are hit by an uninsured motorist. If you are hit by a driver with only the minimum liability amounts, and your damages exceed the amount of the other driver's insurance, UIM coverage may cover the difference.
Hawaii law requires your motor vehicle insurance company to pay the bills for your injuries and your passenger's injuries up to the personal injury protection benefits ("PIP") limit, which is a minimum of $10,000 per person.
What types of other insurance coverage are available in Hawaii?
In addition to collision and comprehensive, uninsured ("UM") and underinsured ("UIM") coverages, there is also coverage available for wage loss, alternative care (including alternative healing methods such as naturopathy, acupuncture and faith healing), death benefits (coverage may range from $25,000 to $100,000), funeral benefits, PIP deductible and PIP managed care. Your personal injury lawyer will carefully review all available forms of coverage to determine all possible sources of recovery for your accident.
It is important to remember that even if you are submitting a claim under "your" insurance policy, the insurance company is still motivated to pay as little as possible on your claim. Legal representation is still essential to make sure you receive the full amount of compensation to which you are entitled.
Can I pursue a claim for the injuries and damages I suffered in an auto accident?
You may pursue a claim against the person responsible for the accident. Even if you were partially responsible for the accident, you may be able to recover some of your damages if you were less responsible for the accident than the other responsible person. Hawaii law also requires that you meet a tort threshold before you can pursue a claim for damages. The most common method is to incur medical expenses paid by PIP of at least $ 5,000. There are other methods to meet the tort threshold for which you should consult with an experienced Hawaii injury lawyer.
I was the victim of a hit and run. What should I do?
This situation is typically handled the same way as if you were hit by an uninsured motorist. If you do not know the identity of the other driver or car that hit you, contact a personal injury attorney in Hilo for assistance in filing a claim under your UM coverage.


From the time you get up this morning to the time you go to sleep, your jaw muscles will activate about 1500 times to chew and process food. These muscles are relevant to many of our daily activities, from eating to creating words and even exercising. But, have you ever given thought to what muscles control your jaw or how they do it? In this article, we will provide a brief overview of mastication- the process of opening and closing our jaws for eating!
The motion of the condyle and the TMJ. Notice how it moves both forward and rotated downward when transitioning from (b) to (a).
When we open our mouths, a complex set of motions occur at the temporomandibular joint. Essentially, the condyle of the mandible (jaw bone) fits into a specialized groove in the skull. When muscles are activated to open the jaw, the condyle moves forward and out of this groove while rotating open. This movement allows a greater range of motion for chewing and swallowing. Unfortunately, this intricate machinery can become damaged or displaced. Some patients with histories of grinding or clenching their teeth will develop Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMJD).
Although there are a number of muscles that assist and aid in the opening and closure of the jaw, there are four main muscles whose sole purpose is mastication. The masseter, temporalis and medial and lateral pterygoid muscles are all uniquely dedicated to making eating possible. Interestingly enough, all of these muscles are controlled by the same nerve- the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve. Together, they allow us to open our jaw, move it left and right and close it with incredible force.
The muscles of mastication labeled. In the second image, the first masseter, temporalis and part of the jawbone have been removed.
The masseter muscle runs from the side of the skull down to the bottom of the jawbone. If you place your hand under your temple and before your ear, you can feel it tense as you bite down. It's main purpose is to help close the jaw. If you follow the masseter around the underside of your jaw, it makes a sling with the medial pterygoid muscle. This muscle also helps close the jaw, along with moving it from side to side. The lateral pterygoid sits just outside of the medial pterygoid and opens the jaw while assisting in side to side motion as well. Finally, the temporalis muscle sits along the side of the skull and is composed of two different types of muscle fibers. The vertical fibers (running top to bottom) help close the jaw, while the horizontal fibers (running from front to back) are responsible for retracting the jaw.
Each of these motions is crucial to how we use our jaws in daily life. Particularly in chewing, these complex movements allow us to properly process our food before it reaches our digestive tracts. If you were keeping tally, we have three muscles dedicated to closing the jaw, and only one that functions in keeping it open (lateral pterygoid). This gives us some insight into how incredibly important proper chewing function is to our overall health. If you would like to know more about the muscles of mastication, facial anatomy or any dental topics, please contact our office. We want our patients to be both excited and well informed on topics in oral health!


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Freedom in Congo Square
By Carole Boston Weatherford, Illustrated by R. Gregory Christie
A poetic nonfiction picture book about a little-known piece of African-American history that demonstrates how New Orleans' Congo Square was truly freedom's heart.
Mondays, there were hogs to slop,
mules to train, and logs to chop.
Slavery was no ways fair.
Six more days to Congo Square.
As slaves relentlessly toiled in an unjust system in 19th century Louisiana, they all counted down the days until Sunday, when at least for half a day they were briefly able to congregate in Congo Square in New Orleans. Here they were free to set up an open market, sing, dance, and play music. They were free to forget their cares, their struggles, and their oppression. This story chronicles slaves' duties each day, from chopping logs on Mondays to baking bread on Wednesdays to plucking hens on Saturday, and builds to the freedom of Sundays and the special experience of an afternoon spent in Congo Square. This book also has a foreword from Freddi Williams Evans, a historian and Congo Square expert, as well as a glossary of terms with pronunciations and definitions.
Download the official Freedom in Congo Square Discussion Guide here!
Praise for Freedom in Congo Square:
2017 Caldecott Honor Book for Illustration
2017 Coretta Scott King Honor Book for Illustration
2017 Charlotte Zolotow Award Winner
NCTE 2017 Notable Poetry Book
The Horn Book: 2016 Fanfare List Inclusion
School Library Journal Best Book of 2016: Nonfiction
Kirkus Reviews Best Book of 2016: Picture Book
The Washington Post Best Book of 2016: Nonfiction
A New York Times Best Illustrated Children's Book of 2016
**A JUNIOR LIBRARY GUILD SELECTION FOR JANUARY 2016**
"Unique in its subject and artistic expression, this beautiful book belongs in most collections."—School Library Journal, starred review
"The poetry is powerful and evocative, providing a strong and emotional window into the world of the slave. Christie's full-bleed paintings are a moving accompaniment . . . Weatherford and Christie dazzlingly salute African-Americans' drive to preserve their dignity and pride."—Kirkus Reviews, starred review
"Coretta Scott King Honorees Weatherford and Christie have created a gorgeously artistic and poetic homage to the birthplace of jazz and a people whose legacy is too often ignored . . . Subtle and layered, this is an important story beautifully told."—Booklist, starred review
"Strong acrylic paintings that echo the best of Outsider Art illuminate the equally strong text. Freedom in Congo Square is nothing short of stunning."—Tomie dePaola (Strega Nona)
Purchase from Retailer Amazon IndieBound Books-A-Million Bookshop Barnes & Noble
Page Count 40
Subformat Picture Book
Trim size 8.5" x 11"
Age range 4-8
Publication date January 5, 2016
Publication season Spring 2016
Carole Boston Weatherford has written many award-winning books for children, including Coretta Scott King winner RESPECT: Aretha Franklin, the Queen of Soul; Newbery Honor winner BOX: Henry Box Brown Mails Himself to Freedom; Caldecott Honor winners Freedom in Congo Square; Voice of Freedom: Fannie Lou Hamer; and Moses: When Harriet Tubman Led Her People to Freedom, as well as Golden Kite Award winners Dear Mr. Rosenwald; Schomburg: The Man Who Built a Library; and The Roots of Rap. She is currently a professor of English at Fayetteville State University in North Carolina where she created a hip-hop course. Find out more about her at cbweatherford.com.
R. Gregory Christie is a 2017 Caldecott Honor recipient for Freedom in Congo Square, a four-time recipient of the Coretta Scott King Award Honor for illustration (Freedom in Congo Square; Brothers in Hope: The Story of the Lost Boys of Sudan; Only Passing Through: The Story of Sojourner Truth; The Palm of My Heart: Poetry by African American Children), a three-time winner of the New York Times' 10 Best Illustrated Children's Books of the Year (in 2000 for Only Passing Through, 2002 for Stars in the Darkness, and in 2016 for Freedom in Congo Square), an honor winner of the Theodor Seuss Geisel Award for illustration (Jazz Baby), and a recipient of the NAACP's Image Award. He operates GAS-ART GIFTS, a children's bookstore with autographed copies in Decatur, Georgia.
The Roots of Rap: 16 Bars on the 4 Pillars of Hip-Hop
By Carole Boston Weatherford, Illustrated by Frank Morrison
Pub Date: January 8, 2019
Pies from Nowhere: How Georgia Gilmore Sustained the Montgomery Bus Boycott
By Dee Romito, Illustrated by Laura Freeman
Trailblazer: The Story of Ballerina Raven Wilkinson
By Leda Schubert, Illustrated by Theodore Taylor III
Pub Date: January 16, 2018
Fancy Party Gowns: The Story of Fashion Designer Ann Cole Lowe
By Deborah Blumenthal, Illustrated by Laura Freeman


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Sherpas, Fate and Everest: A WSJ Multimedia Feature
The Wall Street Journal's latest multimedia feature provides a poignant look at the tragedy on Mt. Everest – which killed 13 Sherpas and three other Nepali guides on April 18, 2014 – from on-the-ground reporting with survivors and families of the deceased, to videos, graphics and more.
Below is an excerpt from The Wall Street Journal – as reported by Gordon Fairclough, Raymond Zhong, Krishna Pokharel – and you can find the full piece "Death at 19,000 Feet: Sherpas, Fate and the Dangerous Business of Everest" here.
"For decades, climbers across the globe have hired all-too durable Sherpas, an ethnic group settled in the high Himalayan valleys of Nepal, to help them reach the brutal 29,000-foot summit, the pinnacle of so many climbers' aspirations. And for nearly as long, this group has endured, with the innumerable perils of high-altitude mountaineering, one of the more dangerous jobs in the world.
That risk came into stark focus on April 18th, when a mass of ice hurtled down the mountain's west shoulder, killing 13 Sherpas and three other Nepali guides. It was the single deadliest Everest tragedy, and in the aftermath, it has raised questions about the largely unregulated way the mountain is run."


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Grass Valley Antiques
Antique books, gold mining tools, furniture, tableware and toys in Grass Valley
Yes you can buy antiques online by looking at a picture and reading a description. But there is something about meandering through a brick and mortar antique store – especially in an historic gold rush town like Grass Valley where history was made and the implements of that history are there to pick up and observe up close and personal.
Enjoying the vintage life in the heart of the California Gold Country. Bringing the very best antiques, vintage wares and furniture our county has to offer from our home to yours.
107 S. Church St, Grass Valley, CA | (530) 263-8288 | Map It
https://www.facebook.com/historicdowntowngrassvalley/
Grass Valley Antique Emporium
Visit the shop to experience the sheer volume and range of inventory, for example, a 1929 cigarette dispenser, a doll buggy, doilies, drill bits, auto harps, Victorian lamps, horse shoes, a wooden sled, brooches, silver ware, vintage postcards, tea sets, thimbles, lanterns, flasks, jewelry, books, furniture eye glasses, an 1880s coffee grinder and much more.
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Grass-Valley-Antique-Emporium/122563881134408
Lost & Found Vintage Shop
Vintage threads of all kinds can be seen for sale inside of Lost and Found vintage store in downtown Grass Valley. Frank Callozzo and Micha Grainger, co-owners of new Grass Valley vintage store Lost and Found, have been friends for over a decade and decided to turn a shared interest into a business. "Both of us separately have sold at flea markets and been in the resale culture of secondhand objects, thrifting, and vintage for a long time," said Callozzo. Lost and Found, described by Callozzo as "a living room that's for sale," includes a variety of categories, including not only vintage clothing but textiles, decorative objects, and furniture. 156 Mill Street, Grass Valley, CA 95945 | (530) 388-6340
Vintage on Mill
Vintage on Mill is 3500 sq. ft of all vintage , home decor and so much more ! Visit Lori Patterson here ! Her vision boards are spectacular � visit our store and get inspired!
117 Mill Street, Grass Valley, CA 95945 | (530) 802-5354 | Map it