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Home>New Mixtapes>Matt Martians Mixtapes> Matt Martians Shares New Album "The Last Party"
Matt Martians Shares New Album "The Last Party"
By Milca P.
The Last Party
Matt Martians
hottttt
The Internet's Matt Martians shares solo effort.
Matt Martians, one part of The Internet, has returned on the solo tip to drop off his The Last Party album. The new effort takes on the role of Martians' sophomore album, following up 2017's The Drum Chord Theory. This time around, he recruits Abby Rose, Steve Lacy, Daisy and Mac Demarco for assists.
"The Last Party is the last party of me being insecure about a lot of things in my life and being insecure with myself," Matt tells DJ Booth. "It's like the last party of a lot of things I didn't like about myself. The first party started when I started doing music and I started caring what people thought about my music, and I kinda got wrapped up in caring about what I was making as opposed to what I was making. This is the last party of me giving a fuck. The first party was me when I moved to the LA, or the first Internet album."
Matt Martians new music Mixtapes The Internet the last party
Young Money's Jay Jones Drops Off "Late Nights Early Mornings" Ft. Curren$y & More
Rico Recklezz Drops Off Double Mixtape "Gunsmoke/Kushsmoke"
MIXTAPES Matt Martians Shares New Album "The Last Party"


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Janani Luwum
Priest/Minister
A statue to this modern martyr was unveiled in July 1998 and stands above the west entrance to the Abbey. Sculptor Neil Simmons. For an introduction to the ten statues see the entry under Maximilian Kolbe.
A memorial service for the Archbishop was held in Westminster Abbey on 30th March 1977.
On 6th January 1948 a young school teacher, Janani Luwum, was converted to the charismatic Christianity of the East African Revival, in his own village in Acoli, Uganda. At once he turned evangelist, warning against the dangers of drink and tobacco, and, in the eyes of local authorities, disturbing the peace. But Luwum was undeterred by official censure. He was determined to confront all who needed, in his eyes, to change their ways before God.
In January 1949 Luwum went to a theological college at Buwalasi, in eastern Uganda. A year later he came back a catechist. In 1953 he returned to train for ordination. He was ordained deacon on St Thomas's Day, 21st December 1955, and priest a year later. His progress was impressive: after two periods of study in England, he became principal of Buwalasi. Then, in September 1966, he was appointed Provincial Secretary of the Church of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Boga-Zaire. It was a difficult position to occupy, and these were anxious days. But Luwum won a reputation for creative and active leadership, promoting a new vision with energy and commitment. Only three years later he was consecrated bishop of Northern Uganda, on 25th January 1969. The congregation at the open-air Services included the prime minister of Uganda, Milton Obote, and the Chief of Staff of the army, Idi Amin.
Amin sought power for himself. Two years later he deposed Obote in a coup. In government he ruled by intimidation, violence and corruption. Atrocities, against the Acoli and Langi people in particular, were perpetrated time and again. The Asian population was expelled in 1972. It was in the midst of such a society, in 1974, that Luwum was elected Archbishop of Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi and Boga-Zaire. He pressed ahead with the reform of his church in time to mark the centenary of the creation of the Anglican province. But he also warned that the Church should not conform to "the powers of darkness". Amin cultivated a relationship with the archbishop, arguably to acquire credibility. For his part, Luwum sought to mitigate the effects of his rule, and to plead for its victims.
The Anglican and Roman Catholic churches increasingly worked together to frame a response to the political questions of the day. Soon they joined with the Muslims of Uganda. On 12th February 1977 Luwum delivered a protest to Amin against all acts of violence that were allegedly the work of the security services. Church leaders were summoned to Kampala and then ordered to leave, one by one. Luwum turned to Bishop Festo Kivengere and said, "They are going to kill me. I am not afraid". Finally alone, he was taken away and murdered. Later his body was buried near St Paul's Church, Mucwini.
Amin's state was destroyed by invading Tanzanian forces in 1979. Amin himself fled abroad and escaped justice.
"I am prepared to die in the army of Jesus." Janani Luwum
West Entrance
Memorial Type
This image can be purchased from Westminster Abbey Library
Image © 2020 Dean and Chapter of Westminster
Related commemorations
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Alured Clarke
Writer and Priest/Minister
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Dean and Priest/Minister
Hugh Weston
George Montaigne (Mountain)

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How to Earn Money Online in India Without Getting Cheated?
How to Earn Money Online in India?
There are hundreds of articles online claiming to help you earn money online. Some even claim that you can become rich in under a year.
Most of the people who write about these make money by telling you how to make money. Ironic, isn't it?
There are only very limited ways to make money online. And most of them are not easy.
The first online money I made was in 2006 when I got my first transfer to my PayPal account for clicking on ads. I have come a long way since then. I have made tens of thousands of dollars from affiliate and consulting income.
In this post, I'll cover the genuine ways you can earn money through the internet.
First, I am going to first cover the ways which you should not attempt to make money.
The time and effort you put into clicking on ads, for the money you earn, is not worth it. The minimum amount required to withdraw is too high that most people leave halfway.
Most of the micro-jobs are not available for Indians. Even if available, the amount you make is very low compared to the effort you need to put in.
Fiverr is an exception to this. It's genuine and some people do make enough money to cover their monthly expenses. But it most likely won't be big enough to quit your full-time job.
Many people recommend trading as a way to get rich. Let me tell you something. Trading is not a way to get rich.
First, it takes money to make money through trading. You need to put in a lot of effort. Be prepared to lose the entire money you put into trading.
If trading is your only source of income, you can run into problems. Especially if you are dealing with futures/margin trading.
Several sites online claim to pay for filling out survey forms.
The theory is simple. Companies need to collect research data. They are willing to pay people to fill these survey forms. You get a cut of the advertising fees.
Most surveys are for the American citizens. If you are from India, the surveys available is limited. Payout per survey for Indians will be very low. Sometimes, you will be paid as low as Rs 5 per survey which takes up to 15 minutes to complete.
What does a freelancer do?
A freelancer provides services to clients in exchange for money. There are various freelancing opportunities- from writing articles to developing complex mobile apps. You can make money in any area as long as someone is willing to pay for your services.
How do you get freelance work?
Sample job listing on a freelance site.
Freelance work that usually pays well comes from references or existing clients. If you do not have existing clients, register on the various freelancing sites online.
How much investment do you need to make money from freelancing?
Investment depends on the freelancing job you take up.
If you offer design services, you will need a good laptop. You'll also need design software like Photoshop or Sketch. If you are developing mobile apps, you'll need to be able to test your work on various mobile devices.
You can be a consultant in any field. As long as people are willing to pay for your expertise, you can call yourself a consultant.
A consultant is similar to a freelancer. A lot of times, a consultant might not do the entire work by themselves. Consultants are experts in their field who can define new strategies or fine-tune existing ones.
If you are a tech consultant, you might do code reviews. You could also suggest what changes the team needs to do to make the product faster. If you are a marketing consultant, you might give the marketing team a blueprint to follow.
How do you get consulting work?
Getting consulting work is similar to how you get freelance work. The best way to get consulting work is to generate inbound leads.
If you are a marketing consultant, speak at marketing events and build a following. Once people know that you are an expert, they will reach out to you.
If you are a tech consultant, participate in tech workshops/hackathons to get your name out there.
Writing a blog is also a very good way to showcase your expertise and draw inbound interest.
A consultant needs to put in much more investment compared to a freelancer. You can use the initial investment to build your personal brand.
The first few workshops/talks need to be free. You'll need to network with people and build an audience online through your blog. Do a few consulting gigs for free to get testimonials.
Don't forget to buy a good laptop that can last long on a single charge. As a consultant, you need to travel a lot. Running out of charge should be the last thing you need to worry about. I recommend that you buy the MacBook Air 13 inch 128 GB.
There is a product which you recommend. People buy the product based on your recommendation. You get paid a small commission for the sale through your recommendation. That's affiliate marketing.
From mobile phones to digital courses, just about everything has an affiliate program. You will need to sign up for the affiliate program of the product you want to promote. Once people sign up/buy using your link, you will be paid a commission.
Authority – You need to build a trustworthy online presence. People are not going to buy something just because you recommended it. Think about Sachin Tendulkar recommending a cricket bat. People would buy it without blinking an eye.
Patience – It's not going to happen overnight. Be ready to work long hours during the initial days to build your credibility.
Audience – You need to be able to reach out to people. Make sure you have an online presence and an email list. When people come to your website, entice them with an offer to sign up for your email list.
What if you have an online store like Flipkart or Amazon. People come to your website and buy something from it. They pay the money and order get confirmed.
Now, you need to ship the product to the customer. Here is where drop shipping becomes very enticing.
In a drop shipping model, you do not need to own the inventory. Once the order is placed, the order will be passed on to the company producing the item and they will ship it for you.
Hold on. There is a catch.
First, you need to tie up with reliable merchants who will ship the product for you. Alibaba is a good place to source merchants.
Second, you need a system which will automatically pass on the orders to the merchant. Shopify is an e-commerce storefront built for drop shipping business.
Third, you need to take care of returns in case customers receive a defective/wrong product.
Drop shipping is similar to running an e-commerce business. The main difference here is that you do not own the inventory nor do you ship it.
Pro Tip: You don't need to pay for expensive courses for drop shipping. Here's a well rounded free course on drop shipping by Shopify.
Marques Brownlee (MKBHD) is an established Video Blogger with each of his videos getting millions of views.
While blogging is not a business model in itself, blogging can be a medium to earn money online. It can help you establish your online presence.
You can generate money through advertising, paid reviews, affiliate marketing etc. When I used to consult for small businesses, my primary source of leads was my blog.
Vlogging or Video Blogging is a form of blogging where you use video to communicate your message.
Youtube is the popular publishing platform for vlogging. Since there's an existing audience, it is easier to get the word out and build a following.
Whether you do video blogging or text-based, it's important to have your own website. You should first publish content on your own site. Once published, syndicate the content to networks like YouTube, LinkedIn, etc.
WordPress is my recommended solution for hosting your blog. I have used Siteground and their WordPress hosting solution is great value for money. If you are technically inclined, Linode is another great option. This blog, RupeeTip, is hosted on Linode.
Self-publishing is a quick and easy way to publish your book and earn money through sales. While it scores on the ease-of-doing-business front, it misses out on the marketing muscle of traditional publishers.
Promoting the book yourself: You can promote within your friends' circle or do paid advertisements on Google/Facebook. If you have an existing audience, you can promote it to them.
Proofreading and Copy Editing: You need to hire a professional editor to review your work. Most people cannot find all the mistakes in their own work. It's best to take outside help for editing and proofreading.
Looking professional: Since self-publishing is very easy, everyone is doing it. You need to be able to stand out. There are thousands of books that flood the market. Why should people buy your book? Apart from great content, your book presentation should also be professional. This means a professional looking book cover, book name, etc.
There are dozens of sites that let you create a course online or become an online tutor. You can charge a reasonable fee. If you are good at teaching, you should consider this path.
There is a huge demand for virtual assistants. From doing data entry to web research, people are willing to hire virtual assistants to do the job.
Due to the dollar conversion rates, it's cheaper for people abroad to hire Indians. It helps that most Indians are incredibly smart too.
You can get virtual assistant jobs from the freelancing sites mentioned earlier.
Note: The Philippines is a hot destination for hiring virtual assistants. You will be competing with smart Filipino workers who are willing to work for equal or lesser pay. One of the advantages they enjoy is that they speak English well.
Can you comprehend American or British accent? Can you translate it to written content? If yes, you may be able to take up transcription jobs from home.
From simple translation of audio/video to creating subtitles, there are a lot of options for transcription jobs. Some require domain knowledge – medical transcription for example.
Most freelance sites list transcription services. There are a few dedicated sites for transcription services as well.
There are many ways to earn money on the internet. Some difficult, some relatively easier. Pick an option and stick with it for a while. Success with an online business is never an overnight sensation. It takes a lot of time and effort.
Don't fall for quick rich schemes. Remember the golden saying: If it's too good to be true, it probably isn't true.
i am interested in teaching online for class 8,9,10 for math and science and i teach childrens also.
YouTube is also a great source to earn money online in India.
Adarsh ji. Appreciate your effort. I also agree that pay to click are not good. They make me click on ads for 3 months and dont pay me. When I email customer support, they tell that I only have 45 dollars. Minimum is 50. When I checked last it was 76. I ask them why and they say some are invalid clicks. How? No answer. My money gone. They disabled my account after a while. I used to work 3 hours a day clicking ads. 3 months. All waste.
3 hours a day, assuming 4 days a week, for 3 months is 144 hours. That means, you earned INR 21 per hour.
At INR 21 per hour, that's equivalent to earning around INR 5,000 a month in a full-time job without any benefits. Significantly lower than minimum wages in most states!
As I mentioned in the article, do not fall for these easy-money-making schemes. It looks easy, but the math usually is always in against you.
Lesson learned. Let's move on.


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British and US Soldiers to Test 4x4s Vehicle with Xbox-style Controllers
15:05 (GMT+0000) November 20, 2017
An all-terrain 4x4 vehicle, Polaris MRZR, controlled with an Xbox-style controller.
The UK has been working with the US military on autonomous resupply, providing a glimpse into the future of getting much-needed supplies to the front line.
In exercise in Michigan, the UK MOD's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory (Dstl) and organisations from the US Army's Research, Development and Engineering Command (RDECOM) have been testing an all-terrain 4×4 vehicle controlled by an Xbox-style controller, driverless trucks in convoy and Hoverbike drones for delivering supplies in the most dangerous "last mile" up to the battlefield.
Defence Minister Harriett Baldwin said:
One hundred years ago we pioneered tank warfare with our US allies, and today we remain right at the forefront of military technology together. This exercise has proven the success of our ongoing investment in science and technology as we see concepts becoming reality. This particular project is spearheading solutions to the notoriously dangerous operation of supplying our frontline on the battlefield. Delivering crucial food, fuel and ammo remotely will help save soldiers' lives.
This is a new way of coordinating and delivering vital supplies to front-line operations, aiming to reduce risk to those troops and provide on-demand delivery of food, fuel or ammunition to the front line. The Coalition Assured Autonomous Resupply (CAAR) demonstration, the first in a three-year project to bring concepts to life, marked initial demonstration of unmanned tactical resupply technologies in the three areas.
A British Army MAN SV 6-tonne truck leading two US Light Medium Tactical Vehicle trucks in a driverless convoy.
The line-haul convoy is the first time ever that a UK-US collaboration has joined together in this format, with a British Army MAN SV 6-tonne truck as a 'leader' vehicle in the convoy, followed by two US Light Medium Tactical Vehicles (LMTV) trucks. Travelling at speeds of up to 25mph, the vehicles used integrated robotics to make decisions about speed, steering and other driving functions.
The Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) demonstrated included the British-developed Malloy Aeronautics Hoverbike. An advanced prototype quadcopter drone, it can deliver more than 100kg of supplies, using a simple tablet controller. Unveiled for the first time, this version of the Hoverbike could also potentially be used for humanitarian aid and disaster relief missions.
The 4×4 vehicle tested was a tele-operated Polaris MRZR, fitted with advanced sensors, cameras and GPS, and operated by a joint UK-US trials team. Using an adapted Xbox game console controller, Corporal Mortimer and Lance Corporal Thorne remotely 'drove' the 4×4 around the area to simulate an off-road task.
Under the Autonomous Last Mile resupply challenge, Dstl and the Defence and Security Accelerator (DASA) are bringing together a wide range of military and industry partners to join commercial-off the-shelf (COTS) suppliers with novel ideas and tech start-ups in producing a futuristic demonstration of how UK and US forces' tactical resupply might one day operate.
Tags: UKUSA
The U.S. Navy has announced that the Abraham Lincoln Carrier Strike Group arrived at Naval Air Station North Island...
U.S. Army released additional details of potential Black Hawk replacement
DARPA's Gremlins program achieves key developmental milestone
Lockheed Martin says four nations will be protected with next generation radar
U.S. Navy newest aircraft carrier begins aircraft compatibility testing


Rangers attacker DaMarcus Beasley has spoken of his shock after his car was deliberately set on fire.
American Beasley's blazing BMW 6-Series was found in Queen's Gardens in Glasgow's west end just after 11pm on Monday.
Police said they were treating it as wilful fireraising and were trying to trace the occupants of a white car seen in the area.
Beasley's BMW was parked outside his home when it was targeted, the Daily Record said.
United States international Beasley told the newspaper: "I don't know how to take it really. It's pretty crazy.
"If it is a Celtic-Rangers thing then it's obviously not good.
"It has shocked me - you don't expect to be targeted like this. But I'm not going to be too upset by it."
He told the newspaper that the incident had not really made him think twice about playing for Rangers.


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O. M. Nosenko
ORCID iD	Odesa National Medical University
MD, professor, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department No. 1
F. O. Khancha
ORCID iD	Donetsk National Medical University named after Maxim Gorky
PhD, assistant, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
Home > No 56 (2020) >	Nosenko
Magnesium in the prevention of gestational complications in women with pregnancy induced in the art cycle
O. M. Nosenko, F. O. Khancha
This article provides data on the role of magnesium in ensuring the vital activity of the human body, its role in reproduction and the development of obstetric complications. The methods of diagnostics and medications for the correction of magnesium deficiency are considered.
Purpose of the study was to examine the effectiveness of complex water-soluble agent containing magnesium citrate and vitamin B6 in the complications prevention of pregnancy induced in cycles of assisted reproductive technologies (ART).
Materials and methods. 215 women with pregnancy induced in ART cycles were randomized into two groups: the main group received a prophylactic complex water-soluble drug Metida containing magnesium citrate 1970 mg (elemental magnesium 300 mg) and vitamin B6 30 mg from 1 to 36 weeks of pregnancy, 1 time per day. The comparison group (105 women) did not receive magnesium. The control group consisted of 53 relatively healthy women with pregnancy after natural conception.
Serum and erythrocyte magnesium levels were studied at 6–8, 18–20 and 30–32 weeks of gestation. Clinical course of pregnancy and childbirth were evaluated. Magnesium deficiency should be determined by the content of magnesium in erythrocytes, as its level in serum is still normal, i.e. within the reference interval.
Results. Metida in women with induced pregnancy in ART cycles compared to the group in which magnesium drugs were not prescribed reduced the number of preterm birth in 2.62 times, placental dysfunction in 2.24 times, gestational diabetes mellitus in 2.62 times, premature birth in 2.28 times and increased the number of timely births in 1.12 times.
Conclusion. Use of the magnesium-containing drug Metida from the earliest stages of pregnancy has optimized the course and outcome of pregnancy and reduced the number of miscarriage and complications, as well as increased the number of timely births. Safety and bioavailability of magnesium are important properties of Metida. This drug has maximum compliance – high efficiency and digestibility.
magnesium; pregnancy; assisted reproductive technologies; magnesium deficiency; obstetric complications; drug correction; Metida
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Current workers expect to work longer than current retirees, but the reason why will shock you.
Deciding when to retire is one of the biggest decisions you'll ever make, both financially and in your quality of life. But a recent survey found that many people are planning to work longer than previous generations -- and the reason why isn't what you probably think.
In the following video, Dan Caplinger, the Motley Fool's director of investment planning, looks at a study from Northwestern Mutual that compared what current retirees actually did versus how workers expect to retire. Dan notes that while the average retiree quit at age 59, most workers now expect to work until age 68. But the surprising thing is that fully 45% of those who expect to work that long are doing so because they want to, with financial considerations playing a secondary role. Dan points out that many people don't have that flexibility, with about 40% saying that they'll have to work to age 75 or later just to make ends meet. Nevertheless, Dan concludes that one goal of retirement planning should be to put yourself in a place where you can decide what to do based on what you want rather than what you need.


Prime minister Sheikh Hasina has expressed her optimism that the people of Bangladesh will follow the path of history of the War of Independence to build a prosperous nation as dreamt by the country's founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman.
'People of Bangladesh now have the opportunity to know the country's real history and they will build a prosperous nation based on the spirit of the War of Independence,' she said.
Sheikh Hasina said these while unveiling a book titled Secret Documents of Intelligence Branch on Father of the Nation Bangabandhu Sheikh MujiburRahman at Gonobhaban in Dhaka on Friday afternoon.
It's the first volume of a series of 14 books containing around 40,000 documents and important information of the chronological history of the struggle of the Bengalis for independence, including the Language Movement. The first contains the documents of 1948-1950.
Sheikh Hasina said the documents would help people to know the long struggles of Bangabandhu for Bangladesh's independence, and his protests against Pakistani's exploitations.
Professor Emeritus Rafiqul Islam presided over the function while director general of Bangla Academy Shamsuzzaman Khan attended the programme as main discussant.
Inspector general of the Bangladesh Police, Mohammad Jabed Patwary, described how the documents of IB were retrieved from the storeroom of the Special Branch of Bangladesh Police by a 22-member team.
Member secretary of the Bangabandhu Memorial Trust Sheikh Hafizur Rahman and proprietor of Hakkani Publisher GolamMostafa and curator of Bangabandhu Museum Nazrul Islam Khan also spoke at the programme.
Chief Justice Syed Mahmud Hossain, speaker Shirin Sharmin Choudury, chief election commissioner KM Nurul Huda, cabinet members, judges of the Supreme Court and chiefs of three services and diplomats also attended the book unveiling ceremony.
Younger daughter of Bangabandhu Sheikh Rehana and prime minister's family members, leaders of different political parties and professional bodies, writers, poets and litterateurs also joined the programme.
The prime minister said Bangabandhu was always vocal against the intimidation of Pakistan on Bengalis. 'So, the reports of IB were mostly against Bangabandhu,' she added.
Sheikh Hasina said Bangabandhu fought his whole life to establish the rights of the Bengali. 'Since 1948, Bangabandhu psyched the nation step by step for the country's independence,' she said.
'Bangabandhu was repeatedly sent to jails; but he never bowed down his head to the rulers,' she added.
Sheikh Hasina, also the chairperson of the Bangabandhu Memorial Trust, said two other books — one on Bangabandhu's visit to China and other on Bangabandhu's biography — would be published very soon.


Looking for stem cell work in warm and dry California?
The state's $3 billion stem research effort is seeking four persons to fill slots as an executive assistant to the vice president of therapeutics, project manager for medical affairs and centers and two science officer positions, one on the discovery team and another in therapeutics.
The job descriptions and requirements, along with salary ranges, can be found on this Web page.
The agency is headquartered in new offices in downtown Oakland, overlooking Lake Merritt, close to public transportation. The offices are also only a 30-minute walk from the waterfront saloon where author Jack London misspent a portion of his youth.
A new stem cell company that targets cancer by unleashing an "eat me" trigger has emerged from a $30 million investment by the state of California.
Creation of the Palo Alto firm, which is called Forty Seven, Inc., was announced this week by its backers and its key researcher, Irv Weissman, director of Stanford University's stem cell program.
has two phase one clinical trials underway, the first step in a years-long process of testing potential therapies before the federal government approves their widespread use.
Forty Seven, named after the molecular target of the "eat-me" trigger, is not the first firm to emerge from research funded by the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), as the state stem cell agency is formally known. At least eight others have surfaced over the years.
"This is the kind of news CIRM has yearned for in recent years: significant private cash that gives CIRM-funded projects a push to become actual products and to return value to the state…. After a decade of funding buildings, salaries, and early stem-cell related research—not to mention conflict of interest problems that included a past CIRM president and a different company (StemCells, Inc.) with Weissman's imprimatur—CIRM and its new president acknowledged it needed to show results for the $6 billion taxpayers committed to the agency in 2004.
Voters approved the creation of the $3 billion agency in 2004. But no therapies have emerged for widespread use despite the optimism of its early backers and campaign promises. The agency expects to run out of funds for new awards in 2020. One of the possibilities for new funding is another multi-billion dollar state bond issue. State bonds are the only significant source of cash for the Oakland-based agency.
A Chinese firm that says it has the technology to clone human beings has invested $15 million in a stem cell company in Northern California.
BoyaLife has a South Korean partner, Sooam, which was founded by Hwang Woo-Suk, the researcher who generated a global scandal in 2005 by falsly claiming to have cloned a human embryo. Sooam is involved currently in cloning pet dogs at $100,000 a pop, according to AFP.
Last year, Cesca lost a bid for $11 million from the California stem cell agency. The president of the firm, Robin C. Stracey, told this writer at the time that it expected to partner with another enterprise rather than try again for California stem cell agency funding.
The company's application to the state research agency sought funds for a phase three clinical trial for a process to treat critical limb ischemia, which can lead to the loss of limbs.
Dale Kasler of The Sacramento Bee reported today that financially strapped Cesca could be taken over by BoyaLife. He reported that the company said this week that BoyaLife intended "to become a majority shareholder" in Cesca.
The safety of reprogrammed adult stem cells was much in the news during the past few days as a result of work at the Scripps Research Institute that was funded by California's $3 billion stem cell agency.
"A new study led by scientists at The Scripps Research Institute (TSRI) and the J. Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) shows that the act of creating pluripotent stem cells for clinical use is unlikely to pass on cancer-causing mutations to patients.
"It's good news that reprogramming methods are relatively safe, but the fact that maintaining and expanding iPS cells in culture causes cancerous mutations is still a major issue that scientists need to address.
Scripps' press release reported that funds from five different stem cell agency grants were used in the research. Additional funds were also provided by a variety of sources.
Over the weekend, the New Yorker published online a bang-up and thorough account of the STAP stem cell scandal of 2014. which stretched across the Pacific from Japan to Boston.
The piece was authored by Dana Goodyear, a writer for the New Yorker who also teaches writing at the University of Southern California.
Goodyear's article brought out much fresh material, including a more detailed look at the history of the STAP research than has been previously published. The piece also contained probably enough scientific detail to satisfy the experts in the field.
The California stem cell agency today approved a $3.8 million award to a San Diego firm to help develop a better way to treat such afflictions as leukemia with cord blood transplants despite concerns that the effort was too complex.
The funds will go to Angiocrine Bioscience, Inc., whose key technology is licensed from Weill Cornell Medical College and was invented and developed by Shahin Rafii, a professor of medicine at the New York school. He remains on the company's scientific advisory board.
Directors voted 13-0 to approve the award, but not before two directors raised questions. Joe Panetta, president of the San Diego-based industry group, Biocom, wondered about difficulties with the manufacturing process raised by the agency's blue-ribbon reviewers, who earlier approved the application behind closed doors.
CIRM officials said that the research would be closely monitored with clear milestones that needed to be achieved before cash continued to flow to the company.
"plans to develop a product called AB-110, which blends an expanded mix of stem cells from cord blood with genetically modified endothelial cells, the kind of cell that forms the lining of blood vessels, to improve the success rate of cord blood transplantation.
No members of the public spoke at the teleconference meeting which had 12 public locations around the state. The next meeting of the agency's directors will be March 16 near San Francisco International Airport and will be a face-to-face session with likely a handful of remote public locations.
If you would like to speak directly to the governing board of the $3 billion California stem cell agency, here's your chance on Thursday.
The directors are holding a teleconference meeting at 11 a.m. PST with public locations at 12 different sites around the state. The purpose of the meeting is to approve a $3.8 million application for work on process to manufacture a cord blood treatment for such afflictions as leukemia and lymphoma.
Approval is expected to be routine since the agency's blue-ribbon reviewers, meeting behind closed doors, have already decided the application should be funded. The identity of recipient, as usual, is being withheld until after the board ratifies the decision by reviewers.
Every board meeting has a point at which any person can address the board on any issue. The board sets a three-minute time limit but has been very flexible in the past.
You may want to double-check in advance with the agency on the addresses. Only one lists a room number. Others may need to include that detail as well.
The reference is to the possibility of the state of California financing research that involves the editing of genes in human embryos, which the agency began to explore at some length at a Feb. 4 meeting in Los Angeles.
The Feb. 12 Times story, written by Melody Petersen, is straight news piece that recaps the controversy about the possibility of making heritable changes in human beings through the use of CRISPR technology. She also covered how the agency intends to proceed with its review.
"This is not safe. It's still way too early to try such an experiment on a human being."
"The agency's current regulations say that no money can be used to transfer a genetically modified human embryo to a woman to start a pregnancy. But some experts worry that agency-funded researchers could later turn to other sources to finance the reproductive stage of their work.
"'If you have genetically modified embryos in labs around the state,' Darnovsky said, 'what's to stop them from being used to initiate a pregnancy?"
Peterson quoted Kevin McCormack, senior director for communications at the stem cell agency, as saying, "So far we have not funded any research that involves CRISPR, nor have we received any proposals for funding using that technology. But that's probably just a matter of time."
The stem cell agency has longed struggled with a lack of news media attention. It would like to spread the word about what it considers its good works, such as the well over $500 million it has pumped into enterprises in the immediate Los Angeles area. The LA Times is an especially important medium because it is the largest circulation newspaper in the state, has an enormous Internet presence and helps to drive what is covered by other outlets.
But given the state of the media nowadays and the shrinkage in science reporting, about all the agency can really expect for now is coverage when something extraordinary happens or when there is the likelihood of something extraordinary happening such as genetic changes being made in human embryos.
The Center for Genetics and Society, which has been monitoring human gene editing for the past few years, weighed in this week on the possibility that the state of California will beef up its role in financing research involving the sometimes controversial process.
The Berkeley-based center has taken cautionary approach to the field. The article this week on the center's blog by Marcy Darnovsky, executive director of the group, continued in that vein.
Darnovsky attended the session last week during which the $3 billion California stem cell agency decided to embark on a thorough examination of the topic with the possibility of moving forward on gene editing of human embryos, a field that the federal government does not fund.
Darnovsky provided a summary of the session and cited "an unsettling (if unsurprising) note" from David Baltimore. He is a Nobel Laureate, former president of Caltech and a former member of the governing board of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine(CIRM), as the stem cell agency is formally known. Baltimore also has been active in sounding go-slow recommendations on human embryo modification.
"Finally, an unsettling (if unsurprising) note about David Baltimore, who has played an influential role in the current controversy about germline gene editing and who chaired the organizing committee for last December's International Summit. In previous comments about human gene editing, Baltimore has talked about responsible science; at the CIRM meeting, he came out explicitly in support of human germline modification. In his invited presentation, he said – as if this were a matter of scientific fact – that the desire for biologically related children is genetically hard-wired. He acknowledged that people at risk of transmitting genetic disease can already almost always have unaffected children in a variety of ways, and that therefore germline gene editing would at best benefit very few. But, he continued, 'there are circumstances where it is the only opportunity for doing what a patient wants....To me, that's sufficient reason to bring it to clinical use.'"
Darnovsky's article also discussed testimony by Charis Thompson of UC Berkeley, who raised a number of policy issues.
The technique called CRISPR and gene editing are making the news again this week, as they are likely to do for quite some time. So here is a quick roundup of stories and links for further examination.
A $56 million bet by the state of California on a diabetes cure is showing additional promise that it will ultimately pay off.
The latest indication came last week when Big Pharma's Johnson & Johnson went "all in" on ViaCyte, Inc., which has received $56 million from the California stem cell agency during the last 11 years, surpassing the amount that UC Berkeley has been awarded during the same period.
J&J has already pumped $20 million into the San Diego firm, which is conducting a clinical trial for a virtual cure for type 1 diabetes. The effort is showing promising results, according to the stem cell agency.
Last week, in a sign that ViaCyte has was moving along nicely, J&J turned over its Janssen BetaLogics group to ViaCyte.
The company has been working for years on its product, which is based on human embryonic stem cells. The treatment involves insertion of a tiny device beneath the skin of a patient to produce insulin when needed.
"'This one is potentially the real deal,' said Dr. Tom Donner, director of the diabetes center at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. 'It's like making a new pancreas that makes all the hormones' needed to control blood sugar.
"Donner, who is not involved in the research, said if the device gives patients normal insulin levels, 'it's going to prevent millions of diabetics from getting dangerous complications.'"
Paul Knoepfler, a stem cell researcher at UC Davis, wrote on his blog that the J&J move was "great news" for ViaCyte. He said the folding of BetaLogics and recent results from the phase one clinical trial "solidify ViaCyte's leadership." Knoepfler also is not involved with the ViaCyte research.
Before the therapy can be marketed widely, it must clear both a phase two and phase three trial, which could take a few years.
CRISPR: It's simply a billion dollar matter of learning more or earning more. At least that's the view of a Pulitzer Prize-winning columnist at the Los Angeles Times.
CRISPR is a new technique that allows relatively easy editing of human genes. Its potential use, with the possibility of permanent changes in the human race, has triggered an international hooha. Many leading scientists are calling for a moratorium until all the ramifications are fully explored.
The $3 billion California stem cell agency last Thursday held a day-long conference on the issue and announced it would hold a series of hearings into the matter, raising the likelihood of changes in research standards for California stem cell researchers.
The patent dispute, replete with the use of what Hiltzik notes are "outdated legal standards," involves who was first with CRISPR -- Jennifer Doudna of UC Berkeley or Feng Zhang from Broad.
"Other scientists see the battle as a distasteful example of the influence of big money — and the race for Nobel credit — on basic research. 'Having prizes and patents involved has transformed what should be one of the greatest success stories for basic research into this nasty, catty fight in which people are behaving poorly,' says Berkeley biologist Michael Eisen, a colleague of Doudna's and the head of a lab that stands to gain resources if UC wins the patent fight.
Hiltzik, author of the well-received book, "Big Science," said the real question involving CRISPR is whether "the future of the technology will be guided by the need to learn more or the opportunity to earn more."
Hiltzik's column illuminated the enormous financial imperatives involved in the use of the CRISPR, which are publicly largely a side issue at sessions involving such agencies as California's stem cell research effort and some international groups. However, the National Academy of Sciences is holding a session next Wednesday that includes a panel devoted to the CRISPR industry. Alta Charo, chair of the academy meeting, told the stem cell agency last week that she hopes that the scope of the market and its financial implications will be explored in more detail at the session, which will be webcast live.
Charo said she hopes for recommendations from her group by the end of the year concerning genetic modification of human embryos. The stem cell agency appears to be moving at the same sort of speed. All of which is a good thing since the lure of huge revenues will certainly stimulate even faster action by profit-hungry companies.
California's stem cell agency yesterday embarked on what is likely to be an exhaustive review of genetic alteration of human embryos with likely recommendations for changes in the $3 billion research effort.
The 11-year-old agency plans to examine a host of issues ranging from inadvertent, inheritable changes in the human race to informed consent on the part of patients. The move emerged from a day-long review of the far-reaching subject at a meeting yesterday of the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), as the agency is formally known.
"In the end it was decided that the most productive use of the day was not to limit the discussion at the workshop but to get those present to highlight the issues and questions that were most important and leave it to the (research standard group) to then work through those and develop a series of recommendations that would eventually be presented to the (agency's governing) board."
Possible changes in language used in getting informed consent from donors in light of the ability of Crispr to make relatively easy changes in human changes. Crispr is a new technique that has brought the whole question to international attention.
Genetic modification of mitochrondial DNA as well as genetic DNA.
Engaging patient advocates and other community groups such as the social justice and equity movements for their views. McCormack said, "After all, we are a taxpayer-created and funded organization so we clearly have some responsibility to the wider California community and not just to researchers and patients."
Financing the use of Crispr and other technologies that can modify the human embryo provided those embryos are not going to be implanted in a human uterus.
Here is the full text of McCormack's summary, which we suspect is going to be turned into an item for the agency's own stem cell blog, The Stem Cellar.
"The meeting began with the hope that it would produce a strong, robust discussion of the issues surrounding the use of CRISPR to edit human embryos and to result in a series of recommendations that the Standards Working Group (SWG) could then forward to the CIRM Board on whether any changes needed to be made to our existing rules and regulations about funding such research.
"It turned out to be a thoroughly fascinating day with some thought-provoking presentations and equally thought provoking questions from the audience, from scientists, social researchers and members of the public.
"It quickly became clear that the discussion was going to be even more robust than we imagined and the issues raised were too many and too complex for us to hope reaching any conclusions or producing any recommendations in one day.
"In the end it was decided that the most productive use of the day was not to limit the discussion at the workshop but to get those present to highlight the issues and questions that were most important and leave it to the SWG to then work through those and develop a series of recommendations that would eventually be presented to the Board.
"1) Do we need to reconsider the language used in getting informed consent from donors in light of the ability of CRISPR and other technologies to do things that we previously couldn't easily do.
"2) Can we use CRISPR on previously donated materials/samples where general consent was given without knowing that these technologies could be available or can we only use it on biomaterials to be collected going forward.
"3) Clarify whether the language we use about genetic modification should also include mitochrondial DNA as well as genetic DNA.
"6) As CIRM already funds human embryo research should we consider funding the use of CRISPR and other technologies that can modify the human embryo provided those embryos are not going to be implanted in a human uterus.
"This was a really detailed dive into a subject that is clearly getting a lot of scientific attention around the world and is no longer an abstract idea but is rapidly becoming a scientific reality. The next step is for a subgroup of the SWG to put together the key issues at stake here and place them in a framework for another discussion with the full SWG at some point in the future.
"Once the SWG has reached consensus their recommendations will then go to the CIRM Board for its consideration.
"I hope this captures the flavor and essence of what happened today. It really was a fascinating discussion and the issues raised, and their complexity, highlighted why so many different groups around the world are wrestling with the potential, and pitfalls, of this new technology."
The California Stem Cell Report is concluding its live coverage of today's California conference on human genetic modification of human embryos. The quality of the stem cell agency's audiocast is so poor that it is impossible to compile an accurate account of what the speakers have to say.
The $3 billion California stem cell agency is not currently backing research that involves genetic modification of human embryos, but its standards appear to allow that possibility.
The agency discussed its research rules at its conference today on the controversial subject. One of the slides presented by the agency said that its research standards group's intent under current regulation was "to allow for in-vitro use of human embryos for research while prohibiting reproductive use."
"As for the number of awards involving human genetic modification that's a large number, five of our clinical trials in HIV/AIDS and our work with Sickle Cell Anemia and Chronic Granulatomous use human genetic modification techniques and many other preclinical/translational research projects do as well.
"I think what's more important is that right now none of our awards involve the genetic modification of human embryos, and that's obviously the goal of the workshop to see if this is something we should fund and under what circumstances and with what controls in place."
Today's presentation also said that stem cell agency "rules on clinical use of gametes and embryo are consistent with the statement from the International Summit on Human Gene Editing and the Draft ISSCR Guidelines."
Here are the presentation slides from the agency.
Here are presentation slides from some of the speakers at the California stem cell agency conference today on genetic modification of human embryos. They include Jonathan Kimmelman, Alta Charo and Amander Clark.
Siddique's piece dealt with the approval today by the key regulatory body in the United Kingdom for genetic changes in human embryos, a topic of international controversy and concern but with a special connection to California.
The news came as the state's $3 billion stem cell agency plans a full-day examination Thursday of the issue and its implication for research in the Golden State. Of particular concern is a gene editing tool called Crispr that makes it much easier to alter genes and raises the possibility of permanent changes in the genetic make-up of the human race.
Kevin McCormack, spokesman for the California stem cell agency, told the California Stem Cell Report that the move demonstrated the timeliness of this week's conference, which could lead to changes in California stem cell research standards.
Eminent scientists internationally have called for a go-slow approach until the issues are examined more closely. Leading that effort is David Baltimore, a Nobel Prize winner and a former member of the state stem cell agency board. He is scheduled to speak at Thursday's session.
Baltimore was interviewed today by Nicholas Wade for a piece in the New York Times. Wade wrote that Baltimore "said the proposed experiment appeared to be consistent with the principles laid out by the (scientific) academies.
The research in the UK is expected to be conducted with embryos donated via an IVF process. The UK rules restrict the length of the experiment to 14 days. None of the embryos will be transplanted to a womb, according to the rules.
Thursday's conference in Los Angeles will be audiocast live via an 800 number. It is also a public meeting at which anyone can make comments. Directions for the audiocast and the specific location are on the meeting agenda. The California Stem Cell Report will be providing live coverage of the day's discussions.


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2. Truly I know it is so, But how can a man be righteous before God?
3. If one wished to contend with Him, He could not answer Him one time out of a thousand.
4. God is wise in heart and mighty in strength. Who has hardened himself against Him and prospered?
10. He does great things past finding out, Yes, wonders without number.
13. God will not withdraw His anger, The allies of the proud lie prostrate beneath Him.
14. How then can I answer Him, And choose my words to reason with Him?
15. For though I were righteous, I could not answer Him; I would beg mercy of my Judge.
16. If I called and He answered me, I would not believe that He was listening to my voice.
18. He will not allow me to catch my breath, But fills me with bitterness.
19. If it is a matter of strength, indeed He is strong; And if of justice, who will appoint my day in court?
20. Though I were righteous, my own mouth would condemn me; Though I were blameless, it would prove me perverse.
21. I am blameless, yet I do not know myself; I despise my life.
23. If the scourge slays suddenly, He laughs at the plight of the innocent.
24. The earth is given into the hand of the wicked. He covers the faces of its judges. If it is not He, who else could it be?
26. They pass by like swift ships, Like an eagle swooping on its prey.
28. I am afraid of all my sufferings; I know that You will not hold me innocent.
29. If I am condemned, Why then do I labor in vain?
31. Yet You will plunge me into the pit, And my own clothes will abhor me.
32. For He is not a man, as I am, That I may answer Him, And that we should go to court together.
33. Nor is there any mediator between us, Who may lay his hand on us both.
34. Let Him take His rod away from me, And do not let dread of Him terrify me.
35. Then I would speak and not fear Him, But it is not so with me.


Last time I talked about some beginning considerations in replacement skills. Today I want to talk about one of the most common type of replacement skills: communication skills. Functional Communication Training (FCT) is teaching specific communication skills that serve the same function as the challenging behavior. It's probably one of the most common forms of replacement skills that we use. We reference it all the time whenever we tell a student, "Use your words." However, replacing challenging behavior with communication isn't as simple as that. If it was as simple as that, we could just redirect and move on and the problem would no longer exist. And repeating "Use your words" multiple times isn't going to do it either. So what is FCT and how do we use it? Let's talk about that today.
In using FCT, we have to make sure that we follow the guidelines from the last post about teaching replacement skills in general. Quickly, that means making sure that the communication skill serves the same function and that it gets that function more quickly, more easily and more reliably than the challenging behavior.
One of the first things we have to think about when choosing a communication form is whether it serves the same function as the challenging behavior. So, if your FBA says your behavior serves to escape from situations, you might teach a student to ask for a break or some other response to get out of the task. You could have him ask for assistance, but that function isn't quite as direct. You want something that gives you a big "bang for your buck" in terms of addressing the same function as the challenging behavior. If your FBA says the behavior is to gain attention, we need a way to get attention that gets as big a reaction as the negative behavior. In other words, if your face turns purple trying to keep yourself from laughing out loud at something inappropriate, we need a communication response that gets THAT BIG a response for the appropriate behavior. So, for instance, we might teach a student to tell a bunch of jokes that get a big reaction. Or we might teach them to communicate, "Hey look at this!" and show off something they can do and then give them a big reaction. In my next two posts I'm going to talk specifically about teaching a break and teaching those attention-seeking responses.
The next question about the communication form is whether it is something the person can already do or is it something we have to teach from the beginning. For instance, does the individual already have appropriate behaviors that get a big reaction or already have a way of saying "finished" or "I don't want to" but they don't get the reaction for it that their challenging behavior gets. If he or she already has the skill, it's just a matter of switching what we reinforce to make sure we reinforce the communication and not the challenging behavior with our reactions. If the individual doesn't already have the skill, we need to teach the skill. That means we need to choose what form we want to teach, teach it using modeling, prompting and reinforcement just like we teach any other skill, and reinforce it with a 1-1 reinforcer ratio where we provide that reaction each time the student uses the communication. This is an excellent example of when it isn't going to work to just say "use your words" because the individual has to be taught the "words" whether it's a verbal or a nonverbal response.
Set aside time to teach the skill within the school day. We can try to teach it across the day, but if we are just getting the communication started, we might be better of setting aside a time, like we do for math and reading, to dedicate to teaching the skill. This also allows us to make sure that we can reinforce the behavior consistently at the beginning. We can expand settings as time goes on the skill gets stronger.
Understand that the focus of your teaching is that you are teaching the communication response….not necessarily other skills. So, if I have a student whose behavior functions to escape from math, I might set up an instructional time with math work, but my expectation would be that we were going to practice asking for a break (i.e., getting out of math), NOT getting the math done.
Put the replacement communication skill in the IEP for the student. This helps everyone the team remember that it's a priority. If you are teaching a student to ask for a break and get out of work, you are actually doing the opposite of teaching the work (e.g., math) itself. So, remember that your instructional focus is increasing asking for a break. The IEP helps to make this clear to everyone.
We have to practice the skill over and over and over and over….you get the idea. Just like we use repetition in teaching academic skills, we have to have repetition in make requests for breaks or attention. We also are trying to change a habit. The habit is to use the challenging behavior to get out of the situation or get attention. Changing a habit is going to take more practice and more consistency than just teaching a new behavior. Think how long it took you to break yourself of a habit like biting your nails or tossing your keys anywhere in the house instead of putting them on the hook where you can find them.
One of the keys to making FCT work is to make the behavior really inefficient at getting the function met. We make the communication form really efficient–gets it fast, easily, and consistently. We create a similar condition where we try to make the challenging behavior really slow at getting reinforcement, where the individual has to work extra hard to get reinforced with the challenging behavior and where it doesn't pay off as often or as consistently. To some degree this means we ignore it or doing let the person out of the situation as much as possible. However, there is some research that indicates that we don't have to use perfect extinction processes (withholding reinforcement every single time), we just have to delay the reinforcement and make it less consistent. This gives us an "out" when we need to intervene for safety.
After the challenging behavior has significantly decreased in frequency AND the individual is INDEPENDENTLY communicating for the function, then we can start to slowly build in work demands (e.g., do one more then we'll take a break or wait 5 seconds and then I can talk to you). However, if we do this too soon, we'll lose the progress we have made. So, start slowly and with very small amounts. And remember that if the person asked for a break (or attention) and you asked him to wait, HE DOESN'T HAVE TO ASK AGAIN. You don't want to essentially extinguish the communication response because you make him ask more than once. You made a deal that this communication response will get his needs met…you have to keep up your end of the bargain and reinforce it even when we start delaying that reinforcer.
So, there is so much more that goes into FCT, but by essentially teaching communication responses that serve the function of the behavior, we give the person a life-long skill that can serve to improve quality of life without the need for challenging behavior. In the next couple of posts I will share some tips on teaching a break response and in teaching attention-seeking communication. In the meantime, the resources below (Amazon Affiliate links) might be helpful if you want more information.
Thank you, thank you! I have loved this series to give teachers some background in specific aba skills and under-pinnings. The SLP in me loved this post. While I have always had a little bit of an issue with the term itself (I once challenged Ted Carr to tell me what exactly a non-functional communication was LOL) I still use it, of course.
I can only imagine Ted's response to that, Susan! I miss him! He was my mentor! I agree that the name is confusing because it doesn't mean the same thing as functional communication for SLPs, but I do like the emphasis of function (in both uses actually). Thanks for reading and commenting!!


text:
var winston = require('winston')
, StackLog = require('../lib/stacklog')
, log = (new StackLog(winston))('FakeApp')
;

;(function run() {
  var l = log.info('run', 'I want a pony!');

  process.nextTick(function(){
    l.error('No!');
  });
})();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
package org.callimachusproject.test;

import info.aduna.io.FileUtil;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Scanner;

import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIUtils;
import org.callimachusproject.client.HttpClientFactory;
import org.callimachusproject.repository.CalliRepository;
import org.callimachusproject.repository.DatasourceManager;
import org.callimachusproject.server.WebServer;
import org.callimachusproject.setup.CallimachusSetup;
import org.callimachusproject.util.SystemProperties;
import org.openrdf.OpenRDFException;
import org.openrdf.model.Graph;
import org.openrdf.model.Resource;
import org.openrdf.model.URI;
import org.openrdf.model.impl.LinkedHashModel;
import org.openrdf.model.util.GraphUtil;
import org.openrdf.model.util.GraphUtilException;
import org.openrdf.model.vocabulary.RDF;
import org.openrdf.repository.Repository;
import org.openrdf.repository.config.RepositoryConfig;
import org.openrdf.repository.config.RepositoryConfigException;
import org.openrdf.repository.config.RepositoryConfigSchema;
import org.openrdf.repository.manager.LocalRepositoryManager;
import org.openrdf.repository.manager.RepositoryProvider;
import org.openrdf.rio.RDFFormat;
import org.openrdf.rio.RDFHandlerException;
import org.openrdf.rio.RDFParseException;
import org.openrdf.rio.RDFParser;
import org.openrdf.rio.Rio;
import org.openrdf.rio.helpers.StatementCollector;

public class TemporaryServerFactory {
	private static final String ADMIN_GROUP = "/auth/groups/admin";
	private static int MIN_PORT = 49152;
	private static int MAX_PORT = 65535;
	private static final String CHANGES_PATH = "../changes/";
	private static final String SCHEMA_GRAPH = "types/RdfSchemaGraph";
	private static final File WEBAPP_CAR = findCallimachusWebappCar();
	private static final int PORT = findPort(WEBAPP_CAR.getAbsolutePath().hashCode());
	private static final TemporaryServerFactory instance = new TemporaryServerFactory("http://localhost:" + PORT, PORT, "test@example.com", "test".toCharArray());

	public static TemporaryServerFactory getInstance() {
		return instance;
	}

	private static File findCallimachusWebappCar() {
		File dist = new File("dist");
		if (dist.list() != null) {
			for (String file : dist.list()) {
				if (file.startsWith("callimachus-webapp")
						&& file.endsWith(".car"))
					return new File(dist, file);
			}
		}
		File car = SystemProperties.getWebappCarFile();
		if (car != null && car.exists())
			return car;
		throw new AssertionError("Could not find callimachus-webapp.car in "
				+ dist.getAbsolutePath());
	}

	private static int findPort(int seed) {
		int range = (MAX_PORT - MIN_PORT) / 2;
		return (seed % range) + range + MIN_PORT;
	}

	private final String origin;
	private final int port;
	private final String email;
	private final char[] password;
	private final Map<Integer, TemporaryServer> running = new LinkedHashMap<Integer, TemporaryServer>();

	public TemporaryServerFactory(String origin, int port, String email,
			char[] password) {
		assert email.indexOf('@') > 0;
		this.origin = origin;
		this.port = port;
		this.email = email;
		this.password = password;
	}

	public TemporaryServer createServer() {
		return new TemporaryServer() {
			private SoftReference<TemporaryServer> ref;

			private synchronized TemporaryServer getDelegate() {
				TemporaryServer delegate = null;
				if (ref != null) {
					delegate = ref.get();
				}
				if (delegate == null) {
					delegate = createTemporaryServer();
					ref = new SoftReference<TemporaryServer>(delegate);
				}
				return delegate;
			}

			public void start() throws InterruptedException, Exception {
				getDelegate().start();
			}

			public void pause() throws Exception {
				getDelegate().pause();
			}

			public void resume() throws Exception {
				getDelegate().resume();
			}

			public void stop() throws Exception {
				getDelegate().stop();
			}

			public void destroy() throws Exception {
				getDelegate().destroy();
			}

			public String getOrigin() {
				return getDelegate().getOrigin();
			}

			public String getUsername() {
				return getDelegate().getUsername();
			}

			public char[] getPassword() {
				return getDelegate().getPassword();
			}

			@Override
			public CalliRepository getRepository() {
				return getDelegate().getRepository();
			}
		};
	}

	private synchronized TemporaryServer createTemporaryServer() {
		try {
			final File dir = createCallimachus(origin);
			return new TemporaryServer(){
				private LocalRepositoryManager manager;
				private WebServer server;
				private CalliRepository repository;
				private boolean stopped;

				public synchronized void start() throws InterruptedException, Exception {
					manager = RepositoryProvider.getRepositoryManager(dir);
					File dataDir = manager.getRepositoryDir("callimachus");
					Repository repo = manager.getRepository("callimachus");
					repository = new CalliRepository(repo, dataDir);
					repository.setDatasourceManager(new DatasourceManager(
							manager, "callimachus") {
						protected CalliRepository createCalliRepository(
								URI uri, Repository delegate, File dataDir)
								throws OpenRDFException, IOException {
							CalliRepository secondary;
							secondary = super.createCalliRepository(uri,
									delegate, dataDir);
							String uriSpace = repository.getChangeFolder();
							String webapp = repository
									.getCallimachusWebapp(uriSpace);
							secondary.setChangeFolder(uriSpace, webapp);
							return secondary;
						}
					});
					String url = repository.getCallimachusUrl(origin, CHANGES_PATH);
					String schema = repository.getCallimachusUrl(origin, SCHEMA_GRAPH);
					repository.addSchemaGraphType(schema);
					repository.setChangeFolder(url);
					repository.setCompileRepository(true);
					server = new WebServer(new File(dataDir, "cache/server"));
					server.addOrigin(origin, repository);
					server.listen(new int[]{port}, new int[0]);
					server.start();
					HttpHost host = URIUtils.extractHost(java.net.URI.create(origin + "/"));
					HttpClientFactory.getInstance().setProxy(host, server);
					Thread.sleep(100);
				}

				public synchronized void pause() throws Exception {
				}

				public synchronized void resume() throws Exception {
					synchronized (running) {
						TemporaryServer other = running.get(port);
						if (stopped || !this.equals(other)) {
							if (other != null) {
								other.stop();
							}
							start();
							running.put(port, this);
						}
					}
				}

				public synchronized void stop() throws Exception {
					if (!stopped) {
						server.stop();
						server.destroy();
						server = null;
						repository = null;
						manager.shutDown();
						stopped = true;
						Thread.sleep(100);
						System.gc();
						System.runFinalization();
					}
				}

				public synchronized void destroy() throws Exception {
					stop();
					FileUtil.deltree(dir);
				}

				@Override
				protected void finalize() throws Exception {
					destroy();
				}

				public String getOrigin() {
					return origin;
				}

				public String getUsername() {
					return email;
				}

				public char[] getPassword() {
					return password;
				}

				public CalliRepository getRepository() {
					return this.repository;
				}

				public String toString() {
					return server.toString();
				}
			};
		} catch (Exception e) {
			throw new AssertionError(e);
		}
	}

	private File createCallimachus(String origin) throws Exception {
		int code = origin.hashCode() + WEBAPP_CAR.getAbsolutePath().hashCode();
		String name = TemporaryServer.class.getSimpleName() + Integer.toHexString(code);
		File dir = createDirectory(name);
		if (!dir.isDirectory() || WEBAPP_CAR.lastModified() > dir.lastModified()) {
			if (dir.isDirectory()) {
				FileUtil.deleteDir(dir);
			}
			dir.delete();
			String configStr = readRepositoryConfigFile();
			System.setProperty("org.callimachusproject.config.webapp", WEBAPP_CAR.getAbsolutePath());
			RepositoryConfig config = getRepositoryConfig(configStr);
			LocalRepositoryManager manager = RepositoryProvider.getRepositoryManager(dir);
			Repository repo = getRepository(manager, config);
			if (repo == null)
				throw new RepositoryConfigException(
						"Missing repository configuration");
			File dataDir = manager.getRepositoryDir(config.getID());
			CalliRepository repository = new CalliRepository(repo, dataDir);
			repository.setDatasourceManager(new DatasourceManager(manager, config.getID()));
			CallimachusSetup setup = new CallimachusSetup(repository);
			setup.prepareWebappOrigin(origin);
			setup.createWebappOrigin(origin);
			setup.updateWebapp(origin);
			setup.finalizeWebappOrigin(origin);
			String username = email.substring(0, email.indexOf('@'));
			setup.inviteUser(email, origin);
			setup.addInvitedUserToGroup(email, ADMIN_GROUP, origin);
			setup.registerDigestUser(email, username, password, origin);
			repository.shutDown();
			manager.shutDown();
		}
		File temp = FileUtil.createTempDir(name);
		copyDir(dir, temp);
		return temp;
	}

	private String readRepositoryConfigFile() throws FileNotFoundException {
		Scanner scanner = new Scanner(new File("etc", "callimachus-repository.ttl"));
		try {
			return scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
		} finally {
			scanner.close();
		}
	}

	private Repository getRepository(LocalRepositoryManager manager, RepositoryConfig config)
			throws OpenRDFException, MalformedURLException, IOException {
		if (config == null || manager == null)
			return null;
		String id = config.getID();
		if (manager.hasRepositoryConfig(id))
			return manager.getRepository(id);
		config.validate();
		manager.addRepositoryConfig(config);
		if (manager.getInitializedRepositoryIDs().contains(id)) {
			manager.getRepository(id).shutDown();
		}
		return manager.getRepository(id);
	}

	private RepositoryConfig getRepositoryConfig(String configString)
			throws IOException, RDFParseException, RDFHandlerException,
			GraphUtilException, RepositoryConfigException {
		Graph graph = parseTurtleGraph(configString);
		Resource node = GraphUtil.getUniqueSubject(graph, RDF.TYPE,
				RepositoryConfigSchema.REPOSITORY);
		return RepositoryConfig.create(graph, node);
	}

	private Graph parseTurtleGraph(String configString) throws IOException,
			RDFParseException, RDFHandlerException {
		Graph graph = new LinkedHashModel();
		RDFParser rdfParser = Rio.createParser(RDFFormat.TURTLE);
		rdfParser.setRDFHandler(new StatementCollector(graph));
		String base = new File(".").getAbsoluteFile().toURI().toASCIIString();
		rdfParser.parse(new StringReader(configString), base);
		return graph;
	}

	private void copyDir(File src, File dest) throws IOException {
		if (src.isDirectory()) {
			dest.mkdir();
			for (String file : src.list()) {
				copyDir(new File(src, file), new File(dest, file));
			}
		} else {
			FileUtil.copyFile(src, dest);
		}
	}

	private File createDirectory(String name) throws IOException {
		String tmpDirStr = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir");
		if (tmpDirStr != null) {
			File tmpDir = new File(tmpDirStr);
			if (!tmpDir.exists()) {
				tmpDir.mkdirs();
			}
		}
		File tmp = File.createTempFile(name, "");
		tmp.delete();
		return new File(tmp.getParentFile(), name);
	}
}