In a rendering device Urnd1, a processor 1 receives a front-left image Sfl and a front-right image Sfr at regular intervals, and therefrom, cuts out a partial front-left image and a partial front-right image for overlay onto a mask image. The processor 1 then overlays, with a predetermined timing, any one of vehicle model images varying in size onto the mask image. Here, the vehicle model image is overlaid in such manner as to create a moving picture as if the vehicle model image is moving forward. With such vehicle model image, a driver of a vehicle can instantaneously recognize that a drive assistant device is now showing the front side of the vehicle.
The present invention relates to rendering devices and, more specifically, to a rendering device for processing images of around a vehicle captured by image capture devices, and generating an image for display on a display device.
Exemplified for such rendering device is a monitor device disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 11-338074 (99-338074). FIG. 35 is a block diagram showing the entire structure of the monitor device, including a first CCD camera 1001, a second CCD camera 1002, a control unit 1003, and a display unit 1004.
The first CCD camera 1001 is placed at the front-left corner of the vehicle, and captures an image of the front-left area ahead of the vehicle towards the heading direction thereof. Thus captured image is referred to as left-side image Scls. Similarly, the second CCD camera 1002 is placed at the front-right corner of the vehicle, and an image captured thereby is referred to as right-side image Scrs.
The control unit 1003 includes, roughly, an image generation device 1005, and an image overlay device 1006. The image generation device 1005 generates a trimming image Sctr and a vehicle image Scve. Here, as shown in FIG. 36, the trimming image Sctr is an image masked by a masking region Acmsk so that a left-side display region Acldp and a right-side display region Acrdp are formed on a display screen of the display device 1004. The vehicle image Scve represents the vehicle viewed from behind, and overlaid on the center of the trimming image Sctr as shown in FIG. 36.
Onto the resultant image having the vehicle image Scve overlaid on the trimming image Sctr, the image overlay device 1006 overlays the left-side image Scls and the right-side image Scrs captured by the first and second CCD cameras 1001 and 1002, respectively. Specifically, the left-side image Scls is overlaid onto the left-side display region Acldp, and the right-side image Scrs is overlaid onto the right-side display region Acrdp. The resultant image is a display image Scdp, which is displayed on the display device 1004. In the display image Scdp, the vehicle image Scve is located between the left- and right-side images Scls and Scrs, and thus the driver can appropriately recognize which image shows which side of the vehicle.
As such, the above monitor device carries two CCD cameras 1001 and 1002, but those cover only the front part of the vehicle. Recently, such CCD cameras have become commonly placed at right and left, and front and rear of the vehicle to capture images of thoroughly around the vehicle. If this is the case, the resultant image generated by simply overlaying the vehicle image Scve between the left- and right-side images Scls and Scrs may confuse the driver. That is, the driver cannot instantaneously recognize from which direction that the image he/she is seeing, covers. More specifically, assume a case that two CCD cameras are placed at the front side of the vehicle, and two more at the rear side thereof. The driver thus can see images covering both the front and rear sides of the vehicle, but cannot instantaneously tell which side of the vehicle he/she is now seeing through the image.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a rendering device, a display image generated thereby making a driver instantaneously recognize which side of his/her vehicle is now displayed by a drive assistant device.
An aspect of the present invention is directed to a rendering device for generating a display image for drive assistance. The device comprises: a reception part for receiving, from an image capture device mounted in the vehicle, a surrounding image which covers an area surrounding around the vehicle; and a first image overlay part for overlaying, onto the surrounding image, an indicator image to indicate which direction the surrounding image received from the reception part is covering, and generating an image for display.
FIG. 36 is a diagram showing a trimming image Sctr and a vehicle image Scve displayed on a display device 1004 of FIG. 35.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the hardware structure of a rendering device Urnd1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, the rendering device Urnd1 generates images for drive assistance (a display front image Sfv and a display rear image Srv, which will be described later) for display on a display device 11. The rendering device Urnd1 includes a processor 1, program memory 2, and a working area 3.
The program memory 2 is typified by ROM (Read Only Memory), and as shown in FIG. 2, stores a rendering program Prnd1. The program memory 2 also includes mask data Dmsk, and vehicle model data Dmdl, Dmdm, and Dmds, all of which are needed at time of executing the rendering program Prnd1.
The mask data Dmsk represents an image of such mask region Amsk as shown in FIG. 3 by a hatched area (hereinafter, referred to as mask image Smsk). In detail, the mask region Amsk is composed of an upper mask region Aumsk, a lower mask region Abmsk, a center mask region Acmsk, a left-side mask region Almsk, and a right-side mask region Armsk. Those mask regions mask each corresponding region on the screen of the display device 11. Specifically, the corresponding regions to the right- and left-side mask regions Almsk and Armsk are those formed along the left and right sides of the screen, respectively. Here, regions unmasked by the mask region Amsk are the left- and right-side display region Aldp and Ardp with some distance therebetween.
The vehicle model data Dmdl represents an image of a vehicle viewed from behind, the size of which is relatively large as shown in FIG. 4A. Such image is now referred to as a vehicle model image Mvhcb. Similarly, the vehicle model data Dmdm represents a vehicle model image Mvhcm (see FIG. 4B), which is smaller than the vehicle model image Mvhcb but larger than a vehicle model image Mvhcs (see FIG. 4C) represented by the vehicle model data Dmds.
Such vehicle model images Mvhcb, Mvhcm, and Mvhcs are each overlaid on the mask region Amsk (the manner is described later). More specifically, referring to FIG. 4D, the vehicle model image Mvhcs is placed on an upper point Pumd, which is found in the center mask region Acmsk closer to the upper mask region Aumsk. The vehicle model image Mvhcm is placed on a middle point Pmmd, which is also in the center region Acmsk but lower than the upper point Pumd. Also, the vehicle model image Mvhcb is placed on a lower point Pbmd, which is in the center mask region Acmsk closer to the lower mask region Abmsk and lower than the middle point Pmmd. These vehicle model images Mvhcb, Mvhcm, and Mvhcs are exemplified for an indicator image in claims.
Refer back to FIG. 1. The working area 3 is typified by RAM (Random Access Memory), and used when the processor 1 executes the rendering program Prnd1. The rendering device Urnd1 in the above structure is typically included in a drive assistant device Uast1, and the processor 1 therein is communicably connected to image capture devices 4 to 7, an input device 8, and the display device 11. Such drive assistant device Uast1 is mounted in a vehicle Vusr of FIG. 5. The image capture device 4 takes charge of the front-left side of the vehicle Vusr, the image capture device 5 of the front-right side, the image capture device 6 of the rear-left side, and the image capture device 7 of the rear-right side.
As shown in FIG. 5, the image capture devices 4 and 5 are both placed on the front side of the vehicle Vusr. To be more specific, assuming that the vehicle Vusr encounters an intersection where the driver has some difficulty in recognizing what is going on on the road he/she is going to cross. This may happen when walls, for example, block the driver's view. Due to such obstacles (hatched area), the front-left and front-right areas ahead of the vehicle Vusr partially become the driver's blind regions. In this embodiment, such blind region observed in the front-left area ahead of the vehicle Vusr is referred to as a blind region Alfb, which is indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 5. Similarly, the blind region observed in the front-right area ahead of the vehicle Vusr is referred to as a blind region Afrb. As for the image capture device 4, a lens thereof is so placed as to direct to the blind region Aflb, and captures an image thereof as a front-left image Sfl. As for the image capture device 5, a lens thereof is so placed as to direct to the blind region Afrb, and captures an image thereof as a front-right image Sfr.
Similarly, when the vehicle Vusr moves backward to exit from a parking space to a road, the driver's view is often blocked by obstacles. The driver thus may also have difficulty in recognizing what is going on on the road he/she is going to cross. Due to such obstacles, the rear-left and rear-right areas, with respect to the driver at the driver's seat, partially become the driver's blind regions. In this embodiment, such blind regions observed in the rear-left and rear-right areas are referred to as blind regions Arlb and Arrb, respectively. The image capture devices 6 and 7 are placed on the rear side of the vehicle Vusr so that images of those blind regions Arlb and Arrb are captured as a rear-left image Srl and a rear-right image Srr. Those front-left image Sfl, front-right image Sfr, rear-left image Srl, and the rear-right image Srr are all exemplified for a surrounding image, and based thereon, the display front image Sfv and display rear image Srv are generated. Note that, the number of image capture devices provided to the drive assistant device Uastl is not limited to those four image capture devices 4 to 7, and may be more to cover areas on the right and left of the vehicle Vusr.
In FIG. 1, the input device 8 at least includes operation buttons 9 and 10. Pushing the operation button 9 starts a front monitor mode in response to an instruction signal Ifm (step S2 in FIG. 6), and pushing the operation button 10 starts a rear monitor mode in response to an instruction signal Irm (step S4 in FIG. 6). Typically, the operation button 9 is pushed by the driver when the vehicle Vusr (see FIG. 5) encounters any intersection or moves forward to exit from a parking space. In response to the push, the input device 8 generates an instruction signal Ifm for transmission to the processor 1 so as to instruct the processor 1 to start the front monitor mode. On the other hand, the driver pushes the operation button 10 immediately before moving the vehicle Vusr backward. In response to the push, the input device 8 generates an instruction signal Irm for transmission to the processor 1 so as to instruct the processor 1 to start the rear monitor mode.
Here, in FIG. 1, the display device 11 is typically a liquid crystal display, and displays on its screen the display front and rear images Sfv and Srv generated by the processor 1.
Described next is the operation of such drive assistant device Uast1 with reference to FIGS. 6 to 12 for flowcharts. Once the drive assistant device Uast1 is turned ON, the processor 1 starts executing the rendering program Prnd1, and at the same time, reads the mask data Dmsk, and the vehicle model data Dmdl, Dmdm, and Dmds to the working area 3.
In response to the received signal, the processor 1 starts the processing of the main flowchart in FIG. 6. The processor 1 first determines whether the received signal is the instruction signal Ifm (step S1). If determined Yes, the processor 1 executes the front monitor mode (step S2), otherwise the procedure goes to step S3.
As shown in FIG. 13A, assume that the vehicle Vusr encounters an intersection. In this case, the driver pushes the operation button 9, and the input device 8 responsively transmits the instruction signal Ifm to the processor 1. The processor 1 then determines that the instruction signal Ifm has been received in step S1, and thus carries out the front monitor mode. In the front monitor mode, the display front image Sfv is generated for assisting the driver to drive, and the detailed procedure thereof is shown in FIGS. 7 to 9.
In FIG. 7, the processor 1 sets a value N of a counter (not shown) to 1, which is an initial value (step S11). Here, the counter value N is incremented by 1 every time the display front image Sfv is generated. Here, the counter value N can be up to Np (e.g., 30), and in sequence of 1 to the upper limit Np, indicates a position of the currently-generated display front image Sfv. After step S11 is through, the processor 1 stores the mask data Dmsk into frame memory (not shown) reserved in the working area 3 (step S12). After step S12 is through, generated on the frame memory is the mask image Smsk (see FIG. 3) only.
The processor 1 then instructs the image capture devices 4 and 5 on the front side of the vehicle Vusr to capture the front-left image Sfl and the front-right image Sfr, respectively. The image capture device 4 responsively captures such front-left image Sfl as shown in FIG. 13B, and stores it in the working area 3. The image capture device 5 also responsively captures such front-right image Sfr as shown in FIG. 13C, and stores it in the working area 3. In such manner, the processor 1 receives the front-left image Sfl and the front-right image Sfr for the vehicle Vusr (step S13).
The processor 1 then carries out cutout processing (step S14). More specifically, from the front-left image Sfl received in step S13, the processor 1 cuts out such partial front-left image Spfl as shown in FIG. 14A. Here, the partial front-left image Spfl is a part overlaid onto the left-side display region Aldp (see FIG. 3). The processor 1 also cuts out, from the front-right image Sfr received in step S13, a partial front-right image Spfr shown in FIG. 14B. Here, the partial front-right image Spfr is a part overlaid onto the right-side display region Ardp (see FIG. 3).
Then, on the frame memory, the processor 1 overlays (attaches) thus cutout partial front-left image Spfl onto the left-side display region Aldp (step S15). As for the partial front-right image Spfr, the processor 1 works similarly onto the right-side display region Ardp (step S16). After going through steps S15 and S16, as shown in FIG. 15A, generated on the frame memory is an intermediate image Sint, wherein the partial front-left image Spfl and the partial front-right image Spfr are overlaid onto the left-side display region Aldp and the right-side display region Ardp, respectively.
The processor 1 then determines whether now is the time to overlay the vehicle model image (step S17). Here, prior to describing step S17 in detail, description about a unit cycle is made. The unit cycle denotes a time required for the counter value N reaching the upper limit Np started from the initial value 1. Here, the counter value N is referred to see what vehicle model image is to be overlaid. As shown in FIG. 16, when 1 <=N<=Ni, the vehicle model image Mvhcb is the one to be overlaid. Here, Ni is a natural number of 2 or more, for example, 5. When Ni<N<=Ni, no vehicle model image is overlaid. Here, Nj is a natural number exceeding (Ni+1), for example, 10. When Nj<N<=Nk, the vehicle model image Mvhcm is the one to be overlaid. Here, Nk is a natural number exceeding (Nj+1), for example, 15. In the case of Nk<N<=Nm, no vehicle model image is overlaid. Here, Nm is a natural number exceeding (Nk+1), for example, 20. When Nm<N<=Nn, the vehicle model image Mvhcs is the one to be overlaid. Here, Nn is a natural number exceeding (Nm+1) but not exceeding the upper limit Np, for example, 25. In the case of Nn<N<=Np, no vehicle model image is overlaid.
In step S17, the processor 1 determines whether the counter value N satisfies any of 1<=N<=Ni, Nj<N<=Nk, and Nm<N<=Nn. If the counter value N satisfies none of those, the processor 1 decides now is not the time to overlay the vehicle model image, and the procedure jumps to step S110. If the counter value N satisfies any one of those, the processor 1 decides now is the time, and the procedure goes to step S18.
In this example, the counter value N is set to 1, and thus 1<=N<=Ni is determined as satisfied. Then, the processor 1 determines whether the vehicle model image Mvhcb is the one for overlay this time (step S18). In more detail, the processor 1 determines whether the counter value N satisfies 1<=N<=Ni. If No, the procedure goes to step S113 (see FIG. 9). If Yes, the processor 1 decides now is the time to overlay the vehicle model image Mvhcb, and the procedure goes to step S19.
As is now N=1, the processor 1 selects the vehicle model data Dmdl on the working area 3. The processor 1 also, on the frame memory, overlays (attaches) the vehicle model image Mvhcb represented by thus selected vehicle model data Dmdl onto the lower point Pbmd (see FIG. 4D) on the mask region Amsk (step S19). After going through step S19, generated on the frame memory is a single frame of the display front image Sfv (see FIG. 15B) wherein the vehicle model image Mvhcb is overlaid on the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). Thereafter, the processor 1 transfers the display front image Sfv on the frame memory to the display device 11 (step S110). The display device 11 then displays the display front image Sfv on its screen.
The processor 1 then determines whether the unit cycle is now through (step S111). Specifically, when the counter value N has reached Np, the processor 1 regards the unit cycle as being through, and the procedure goes to step S116. On the other hand, when N does not yet reach Np, the procedure goes to step S112 since the unit cycle is regarded as not being through yet.
As is now N=1, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 (step S112). The procedure then returns to step S12 in FIG. 7 to repeat steps S12 to S112 until the counter value N becomes Ni. During when the counter value N is within the range between 1 and Ni, the display device 11 displays on its screen Ni frames of display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 15B (see FIG. 16). Due to limited space, the display front image Sfv of FIG. 16 shows only one frame thereof.
After the Nith frame of display front image Sfv is transferred in step S110, and after the counter value N is updated to (Ni+1) in step S112, the procedure repeats steps S12 to S16 in FIG. 7. After those steps are through, generated on the frame memory is such intermediate image Sint as shown in FIG. 15A, wherein the front-left image Sfl and the front-right image Sfr are the ones newly captured therethrough. Here, as is now N=(Ni+1), the processor 1 determines in step S17 that none of 1<=N<=Ni, Nj<N<=Nk, and Nm<N<=Nn is satisfied. As the processor 1 decides now is not the time to overlay the vehicle model image, the procedure jumps to step S110. In step S110, the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A) on the frame memory is transferred, as it is, to the display device 11 as the display front image Sfv. The display device 11 accordingly displays the display front image Sfv on its screen.
Next, as N does not yet reach Np, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 in step S112. The procedure then returns to step S12 in FIG. 7 to repeat steps S12 to S17, and steps S110 to S112 until the counter value N becomes Nj. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 16, displayed on the display device 11 are (Nj−Ni) frames of the display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 15A.
After the Njth frame of display front image Sfv is transferred in step S10, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nj+1) in step S112, the procedure repeats steps S12 to S16 in FIG. 7 again. After those steps are through, generated on the frame memory is the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). As is now N=(Nj+1), the processor 1 determines in step S17 that Nj<N<=Nk is satisfied, but determines in step S18 that 1<=N<=Ni is not satisfied.
If this is the case, the processor 1 determines whether the vehicle model image Mvhcm is the one for overlay this time (step S113 in FIG. 9). In more detail, the processor 1 determines whether the counter value N satisfies Nj<N<=Nk. If not satisfied, the procedure goes to step S115, otherwise goes to step S114 as the processor 1 regards now is the time to overlay the vehicle model image Mvhcm.
As is now N=(Nj+1), Nj<N<=Nk is determined as satisfied, and the procedure goes to step S114. The processor 1 selects the vehicle model data Dmdm on the working area 3. Then, the processor 1 overlays (attaches), on the frame memory, the vehicle model image Mvhcm represented by thus selected vehicle model data Dmdm onto the middle point Pmmd (see FIG. 4D) on the mask region Amsk (step S114). After going through step S114, generated on the frame memory is the display front image Sfv (see FIG. 17A) wherein the vehicle model image Mvhcm is overlaid on the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). Thereafter, the procedure goes to step S110 in FIG. 8, and thus the display device 11 displays such display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 17A on its screen.
Since N does not yet reach Np, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 in step S112, and the procedure returns to step S12 in FIG. 7. The procedure then repeats steps S12 to S18, steps S113 and S114, and steps S110 to S112 until the counter value N becomes Nk. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 16, displayed on the display device 11 are (Nk−Nj) frames of the display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 17A.
After the Nkth frame of display front image Sfv is transferred in step S110, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nk+1) in step S112, the procedure returns to step S12 in FIG. 7. Then, until the counter value N becomes Nm, the processor 1 carries out the same processing as for the period while the counter value N was within the range between (Ni+1) and Nj. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 16, displayed on the display device 11 are (Nm−Nk) frames of the display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 15A.
After the Nmth frame of display front image Sfv is transferred in step S110, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nm+1) in step S112, the procedure repeats again steps S12 to S16 in FIG. 7. Thereafter, generated on the frame memory is the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). As is now N=(Nm+1), the processor 1 determines in step S17 that Nm<N<=Nn is satisfied, but not 1<=N<=Ni in step S18 and Nj<=N<=Nk in step S113.
This tells now is the time to overlay the vehicle model image Mvhcs, and thus the procedure goes to step S115. The processor 1 selects the vehicle model data Dmds on the working area 3. The processor 1 then overlays (places), on the frame memory, the vehicle model image Mvhcs represented by selected vehicle model data Dmds onto the upper point Pumd (see FIG. 4D) on the mask region Amsk (step S115). After going through step S115, generated on the frame memory is the display front image Sfv (see FIG. 17B) wherein the vehicle model image Mvhcs is overlaid on the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). Thereafter, the procedure goes to step S110 in FIG. 8, and thus the display device 11 displays such display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 17B on its screen.
Since N does not yet reach Np, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 in step S112, and the procedure returns to step S12 in FIG. 7. The procedure then repeats steps S12 to S18, steps S113 and S115, and steps S110 to S112 until the counter value N becomes Nn. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 16, displayed on the display device 11 are (Nn−Nm) frames of the display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 17B.
After the Nnth frame of display front image Sfv is transferred in step S110, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nn+1) in step S112, the procedure returns to step S12 in FIG. 7. Then, until the counter value N becomes Np, the processor 1 carries out the same processing as for the period while the counter value N was within the range between (Ni+1) and Nj. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 16, displayed on the display device 11 are (Np−Nn) frames of the display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 15A.
After the Npth frame of display front image Sfv is transferred in step S110, the procedure goes to step S111. In step S111, as N has reached Np, the processor 1 determines that the unit cycle is now through. Thus, the procedure goes to step S116. The processor 1 then determines whether now is the time to end the front monitor mode, that is, whether the vehicle Vusr has passed the intersection (step S116).
In step S116, the following two methods are typically applied to find whether the vehicle Vusr has passed the intersection. In the first method, the processor 1 checks whether the current speed of the vehicle Vusr has exceeded a predetermined reference speed Vrefl. Generally, the speed of the vehicle Vusr is relatively low within the intersection, but is increased once the vehicle Vusr exits therefrom. Here, the above reference speed Vrefl is set in advance to a value which adequately tells whether the vehicle Vusr is still in the intersection. When the current speed of the vehicle Vusr is not more than (or lower) the reference speed Vrefl, the processor 1 understands that the vehicle Vusr is still in the intersection, that is, now is too soon to end the front monitor mode. On the other hand, if the current speed is exceeding (or not less than) the reference speed Vrefl, the processor 1 understands that the vehicle Vusr is out of the intersection, that is, now is the time to end the front monitor mode.
In the second method, the input device 8 is functionally capable of ending the front monitor mode with the push on an operation button (not shown), which is provided additionally to the operation buttons 9 and 10. The driver pushes the operation button when the vehicle Vusr exits from the intersection. When detecting in step S116 a push on the operation button, the processor 1 understands now is the time to end the front monitor mode. Conversely, if detecting no push on the operation button in step S116, the processor 1 understands now is too soon to end the front monitor mode.
If determined not yet in step S116, the procedure returns to step S11 to reset the counter value N to 1 for the same processing identified by steps S11 to S115 again. This means starting a new unit cycle, and the display front image Sfv as shown in FIG. 16 is displayed on the display device 11. On the other hand, if determined Yes in step S116, this is the end of the processing in FIGS. 7 to 9.
By going through such processing in FIGS. 7 to 9, the drive assistant device Uast1 assists the driver of the vehicle Vusr for the duration in the intersection by displaying him/her the display front images Sfv, which specifically indicate the driver's blind regions Aflb and Afrb (see FIG. 5). Here, as does in the conventional monitor device, the display front image Sfv includes the partial front-left image Spfl and the partial front-right image Spfr.
However, the display front image Sfv herein includes, as shown in FIG. 16, any of the vehicle model images Mvhcb, Mvhcm, and Mvhcs differed in size, and the counter value N determines which vehicle model image. For example, when the counter value N is considered relatively small (in this embodiment, when 1<=N<=Ni), selected is the vehicle model image Mvhcb being largest among all for display on the lower part of the screen of the display device 11 (i.e., on the lower point Pbmd). When the counter value N is considered relatively large (in this embodiment, when NM<N<=Nn), selected is the vehicle model image Mvhcs being smallest for display on the upper part of the screen of the display device 11 (i.e., on the upper point Pumd). When the counter value N is considered neither relatively large nor small (in this embodiment, when Nj<N<=Nk), selected is the vehicle model image Mvhcm for display on the center part of the screen of the display device 11 (i.e., on the middle point Pmmd).
Those vehicle model images Mvhcb, Mvhcm, and Mvhcs create a moving picture as if the vehicle is moving forward on the display device 11. In other words, with those vehicle model images, the driver can tell which direction the current display surrounding image is covering. Accordingly, in the case that the display rear image Sfr (described later) is available together with the display front image Sfv, the driver can instantaneously recognize which image of the display rear image Sfr and the display front image Sfv is now on display by following the movement of the vehicle model image.
In such display front image Sfv, the partial front-left image Spfl and the partial front-right image Spfr are overlaid onto the left- and right-side display regions Aldp and Ardp, respectively, on the mask image Smsk. Further, on the center mask region Acmsk formed between those left- and right-side display regions Aldp and Ardp on the mask image Smsk, the vehicle model image Mvhcb, for example, is overlaid. Accordingly, the driver can instantaneously recognize that the display front image Sfv is now on the display device 11 by following the movement of the vehicle model image.
In the above, the front monitor mode is exemplarily executed when the vehicle Vusr encounters any intersection. This is not restrictive, and the front monitor mode may be executed when the vehicle Vusr moves forward to exit from a parking space, for example. Before doing so, the driver pushes the operation button 9, and accordingly the display front image Sfv is displayed by the drive assistant device Uast1.
In step S1 in FIG. 6, if the received signal is determined as not the instruction signal Ifm, the processor 1 then checks if the received signal is the instruction signal Irm (step S3). If determined No, this is the end of the processing in FIG. 6. On the other hand, if determined Yes, the processor 1 executes the rear monitor mode (step S4).
Referring to FIG. 18, assume that the vehicle Vusr is now moving backward to exit from a parking space. In this case, the driver pushes the operation button 10, and the input device 8 responsively transmits the instruction signal Irm to the processor 1. The processor 1 then determines that the instruction signal Irm has been received in step S3, and thus carries out the rear monitor mode. In the rear monitor mode, the display rear image Srv is generated for assisting the driver to drive, and the detailed procedure thereof is shown in FIGS. 10 to 12. Compared with the flowcharts in FIGS. 7 to 9, those in FIGS. 10 to 12 have steps S21 to S29 as alternatives to steps S13 to S16, steps S18 to S110, and steps S115 and S116. Here, any identical step is under the same step number, and is not described again.
In FIG. 10, after steps S11 and S12 are through, the processor 1 instructs the image capture devices 6 and 7 on the rear side of the vehicle Vusr to capture the rear-left image Srl and the rear-right image Srr, respectively. The image capture device 6 responsively captures such rear-left image Srl for storage in the working area 3. The image capture device 7 also responsively captures such rear-right image Srr for storage in the working area 3. In such manner, the processor 1 receives the rear-left image Srl and the rear-right image Srr (step S21). Here, for convenience, those rear-left image Srl and the rear-right image Srr are similar to those shown in FIGS. 13C and 13B.
The processor 1 then carries out cutout processing (step S22). More specifically, from the rear-left image Srl received in step S21, the processor 1 cuts out such partial rear-left image Sprl as shown in FIG. 14B. Here, the partial rear-left image Sprl is an image overlaid onto the left-side display region Aldp (see FIG. 3). The processor 1 also cuts out, from the rear-right image Srr received in step S21, such partial rear-right image Sprr as shown in FIG. 14A. Here, the partial rear-right image Sprr is an image overlaid onto the right-side display region Ardp (see FIG. 3).
Then, on the frame memory, the processor 1 overlays (places) thus cutout partial rear-left image Sprl onto the left-side display region Aldp (step S23). As for the partial rear-right image Sprr, the processor 1 works similarly onto the right-side display region Ardp (step S24). After going through steps S23 and S24, generated on the frame memory is the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A), wherein the partial rear-left image Sprl and the partial rear-right image Sprr are overlaid onto the left-side display region Aldp and the right-side display region Ardp, respectively.
The processor 1 then determines, based on the counter value N, whether or not now is the time to overlay the vehicle model image (step S17). If determined No, the procedure jumps to step S27, otherwise goes to step S25.
In this example, the counter value N is set to 1, and thus the procedure goes from step S17 to S25. The processor 1 determines whether the vehicle model image Mvhcs is the one for overlay this time (step S25). If 1<=N<=Ni is not satisfied, the procedure goes to step S113 (see FIG. 12) as the processor 1 decides now is not the time to overlay the vehicle model image Mvhcs. Conversely, if 1<=N<=Ni is satisfied, the processor 1 decides now is the time, and the procedure goes to step S26.
As is now N=1, the processor 1 selects the vehicle model data Dmds (see FIG. 2) on the working area 3. The processor 1 also, on the frame memory, overlays (places) the vehicle model image Mvhcs represented by thus selected vehicle model data Dmds onto the upper point Pumd (see FIG. 4D) on the mask region Amsk (step S26). The display rear image Srv is thus generated (see FIG. 17B). Thereafter, the processor 1 transfers the display rear image Srv on the frame memory to the display device 11 (step S27). The display device 11 then displays the display rear image Srv on its screen.
The processor 1 then determines, based on the counter value N, whether the unit cycle is now through (step S111). Specifically, when the processor 1 regards the unit cycle as being through, the procedure goes to step S116. If not yet, the procedure goes to step S112.
As is now N=1, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 (step S112). The procedure then returns to step S12 in FIG. 7 to repeat step S12, steps S21 to S24, step S17, steps S25 to S27, and steps S111 and S112 until the counter value N becomes Ni. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 19, the display device 11 displays Ni frames of display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 17B. Due to limited space, the display rear image Srv of FIG. 19 shows, as in FIG. 16, only one frame thereof for each time period depending on the counter value N.
After the Nith frame of display rear image Srv is transferred in step S27, and after the counter value N is updated to (Ni+1) in step S112, the procedure repeats steps S12 to S24 in FIG. 10. After those steps are through, generated on the frame memory is a new intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). Here, as is now N (Ni+1), the processor 1 determines in step S17 that now is not the time to overlay the vehicle model image yet. In this case, the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A) on the frame memory is transferred, as it is, to the display device 11 as the display rear image Srv in step S27. The display device 11 accordingly displays the display rear image Srv on its screen.
Next, as N does not yet reach Np, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 in step S112. The procedure then returns to step S12 in FIG. 10 to repeat steps S12 to S24, step S17, step S27, and steps S110 and S112 until the counter value N becomes Nj. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 19, displayed on the display device 11 are (Nj−Ni) frames of the display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 15A.
After the Njth frame of display rear image Srv is transferred in step S110, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nj+1) in step S112, the procedure repeats steps S12 to S24 in FIG. 10 again. After those steps are through, generated on the frame memory is another new intermediate image Sint. As is now N=(Nj+1), the processor 1 determines in step S17 that now is the time to overlay any of the vehicle model images, but in step S25, decides that is not the vehicle model image Mvhcs.
If this is the case, the processor 1 then determines whether the vehicle model image Mvhcm is the one for overlay this time (step S113 in FIG. 12). If determined No, the procedure goes to step S28, otherwise goes to step S114 as the processor 1 determines the vehicle model image Mvhcm is the one for overlay this time.
As is now N=(Nj+1), the procedure goes to step S114. The processor 1 overlays, on the frame memory, the vehicle model image Mvhcm onto the middle point Pmmd (see FIG. 4D) on the mask region Amsk (see FIG. 17A). The display rear image Srv is thus generated. Thereafter, the procedure goes to step S27 in FIG. 11, and thus the display device 11 displays such display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 17A on its screen. The procedure then repeats steps S12 to S24, step S17, step S25, steps S113 and S114, step S27, and steps S111 and S112 until the counter value N becomes Nk. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 19, displayed on the display 11 are (Nk−Nj) frames of display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 17A.
After the Nkth frame of display rear image Srv is transferred in step S27, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nk+1) in step S112, the procedure returns to step S12 in FIG. 10. Then, until the counter value N becomes Nm, the processor 1 carries out the same processing as for the period while the counter value N was within the range between (Ni+1) and Nj. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 19, displayed on the display device 11 are (Nj−Ni) frames of display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 15A.
After the Nmth frame of display rear image Srv is transferred in step S27, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nm+1) in step S112, the procedure repeats again steps S12 to S24 in FIG. 10. Thereafter, generated on the frame memory is a new intermediate image Sint. As is now N (Nm+1), the processor 1 determines in step S17 that now is the time to overlay any one of the vehicle model images, but in step S25, decides that is not the vehicle model image Mvhcs, and in step S113, decides that is not the vehicle model image Mvhcm, either.
This indicates that it is now time to overlay the vehicle model image Mvhcb, and thus the procedure goes to step S28. The processor 1 selects the vehicle model data Dmdl on the working area 3. The processor 1 then overlays, on the frame memory, the vehicle model image Mvhcb onto the lower point Pbmd (see FIG. 4D) on the mask region Amsk (step S28). After going through step S28, generated on the frame memory is the display rear image Srv (see FIG. 15B) wherein the vehicle model image Mvhcb is overlaid on the intermediate image Sint (see FIG. 15A). Thereafter, the procedure goes to step S27 in FIG. 11, and thus the display device 11 displays such display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 15B on its screen.
Since N does not yet reach Np, the processor 1 increments the counter value N by 1 in step S112, and the procedure repeats steps S12 to S24, step S17, step S25, step S113, steps S27 and S28, and steps S111 and S112 until the counter value N becomes Nn. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 19, displayed on the display 11 are (Nn−Nm) frames of display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 15B.
After the Nnth frame of display rear image Srv is transferred in step S27, and after the counter value N is updated to (Nn+1) in step S112, the procedure returns to step S12 in FIG. 10. Then, until the counter value N becomes Np, the processor 1 carries out the same processing as for the period while the counter value N was within the range between (Ni+1) and Nj. In the meantime, as shown in FIG. 19, displayed on the display device 11 are (Np−Nn) frames of display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 15A.
After the Npth frame of display rear image Srv is transferred in step S27, the procedure goes to step S111. In step S111, as N has reached Np, the processor 1 determines that the unit cycle is now through. Thus, the procedure goes to step S29. The processor 1 then determines whether now is the time to end the rear monitor mode (step S29).
In step S29, to see when to end the rear monitor mode, the same methods as those for the front monitor mode are applied, and thus not described again. If determined not yet in step S29, the procedure returns to step S11 to reset the counter value N to 1 for the same processing again. This means starting a new unit cycle, and the display rear image Srv as shown in FIG. 19 is displayed on the screen of the display device 11. On the other hand, if determined Yes in step S29, this is the end of the processing in FIGS. 10 to 12.
By going through such processing in FIGS. 10 to 12, the drive assistant device Uast1 assists the driver of the vehicle Vusr by displaying him/her the display rear images Srv, which specifically indicate the driver's blind regions Arlb and Arrb (see FIG. 5). Here, as does the display front image Sfv, the display rear image Srv also includes, as shown in FIG. 19, any of the vehicle model images Mvhcb, Mvhcm, and Mvhcs differed in size, and the counter value N determines which vehicle model image. Here, with those vehicle model images, created in the display rear image Srv is a moving picture as if the vehicle Vusr is moving backward, which is opposite in the display front image Sfv. Accordingly, in the case that the display rear image Sfr is available together with the display front image Sfv, the driver can instantaneously recognize that the display front image Sfv is now on the display device 11 by following the movement of the vehicle model image.
In such display rear image Srv, the partial rear-left image Sprl and the partial rear-right image Sprr are overlaid onto the left- and right-side display regions Aldp and Ardp, respectively, on the mask image Smsk. Further, on the center mask region Acmsk formed between those left- and right-side display regions Aldp and Ardp on the mask image Smsk, the vehicle model image Mvhcb, for example, is overlaid. Accordingly, the driver can instantaneously recognize which image of the partial rear-left image Sprl and the partial rear-right image Spfr shows which side of the vehicle Vusr.
In the above, the rear monitor mode is exemplarily executed when the vehicle Vusr moves backward to exit from the parking space. This is not restrictive, and the rear monitor mode may be executed whenever the vehicle Vusr moves backward, for example.
In the above, the image capture devices 4 and 5 capture the front-left image Sfl and the front-right image Sfr, respectively, and the image capture devices 6 and 7 capture the rear-left image Srl and the rear-right image Srr, respectively. This is not restrictive, and as shown in FIG. 20, an image capture device 4′ on the front of the vehicle Vusr and an image capture device 6′ on the rear thereof will do. If this is the case, the image capture device 4′ is preferably provided with a wide-angle lens so as to capture a front image Sflr which indicates, at least, both of the blind regions Aflb and Afrb described by referring to FIG. 5. To generate the display front image Sfv, the processor 1 cuts out, from the front image Sflr, both the partial front-left image Spfl and the partial front-right image Spfr for overlay onto the left-side display region Aldp and the right-side display region Ardp, respectively. The image capture device 6′ is also preferably provided with a wide-angle lens, as shown in FIG. 20, so as to capture a rear image Srlf which indicates, at least, both of the blind regions Arlb and Arrb.
Also, the intermediate image Sint in the above is the one generated by overlaying the partial front-left image Spfl and the partial front-right image Spfr to the left-side display region Aldp and the right-side display region Ardp (see steps S13 to S16 in FIG. 7 for details). This is not restrictive, and as is similarly done in the conventional monitor device in image processing, the intermediate image Sint may be generated by overlaying the mask image Smsk (see FIG. 3) onto a single image wherein the front-left image Sfl and the front-right image Sfr are combined together with no space therebetween.
Also, in the above, the vehicle model images help the driver recognize which direction the current image on display indicates. Here, the vehicle model image is not restrictive, and any image simpler in shape will work just fine to indicate which direction.
Referring to FIG. 21, described next is about a drive assistant device Uast2 having a rendering device Urnd2 incorporated thereinto. Here, the rendering device Urnd2 is a modified version of the rendering device Urnd1. In FIG. 21, the only difference therebetween is program memory 21 provided in the rendering device Urnd2 as an alternative to the program memory 2. Thus, any identical component is under the same reference numeral, and is not described again. As for the drive assistant device Uast2, the input device therein has an operation button 13 provided instead of the operation buttons 9 and 10, and a gear sensor 14 additionally provided. Other than those, the drive assistant devices Uast1 and Uast2 are the same in structure, and thus any identical component is under the same reference numeral and not described again here.
The program memory 21 is typified by ROM (Read Only Memory), and as shown in FIG. 22, stores a rendering program Prud2. The program memory 21 also includes mask data Dmsk, and vehicle model data Dmdl, Dmdm, and Dmds, all of which are needed at time of executing the rendering program Prnd2. As for details thereof, see the above.
In FIG. 21, the input device 8 is provided with, at least, the operation button 13, a push on which starts either the front monitor mode (step S2 in FIG. 23) or the rear monitor mode (step S4 in FIG. 23) in response to an instruction signal. When the driver wants to see a display image (a display front image Sfv or a display rear image Srv) from the drive assistant device Uast2, he/she pushes the operation button 13. In response to the push, the input device 8 transmits an instruction signal Ifrm to the processor 1 to instruct it to start either the front monitor mode or the rear monitor mode.
When driving the vehicle having the present drive assistant Uast2, the driver moves a gearshift to shift gears to an upper or lower. The gear sensor 14 is provided for detecting in what gear the gearshift is. Based on the result detected thereby, the gear sensor 14 generates, for transmission to the processor 1, a gearshift signal Isp, which indicates in what gear the gearshift is.
Described next is the operation of such drive assistant device Uast2. Once the drive assistant device Uast2 is turned ON, the processor 1 starts executing the rendering program Prnd2, and at the same time, reads the mask data Dmsk, and the vehicle model data Dmdl, Dmdm, and Dmds to the working area 3.
If receiving any received signal, the processor 1 starts carrying out the processing of the main flowchart in FIG. 23. Compared with the main flowchart in FIG. 6, steps S31 and S32 are newly included instead of steps S1 and S3. Other than those, those two main flowcharts are the same, and thus any identical step is under the same step number, and is not described here.
In FIG. S23, the processor 1 first determines whether the received signal is the instruction signal Ifrm (step S31). If determined No, this is the end of the processing in FIG. 23. If determined Yes, the processor 1 understands that the driver now needs the display front image Sfv or the display rear image Srv. The procedure then goes to step S32.
In step S32, the instruction signal Ifrm is not a clue enough for the processor 1 to specify which display image is requested. Thus, the processor 1 receives the gearshift signal Isp from the gear sensor 14 to know in what gear the gearshift is, and then determines whether the vehicle Vusr is now moving forward or backward (step S32). If determined the vehicle is moving forward, the processor 1 carries out the front monitor mode (step S2). If determined backward, on the other hand, carried out is the rear monitor mode (step S4).
In the above first embodiment, there are two operation buttons 9 and 10 provided for the driver's selection of a push depending on which display image he/she wants. As such, in the drive assistant device Uast1, the driver has to selectively operate several buttons. In this modified example, such selection is left for the processor 1 based on the gearshift signal Isp from the gear sensor 14. Therefore, the driver needs only to push the single operation button 13 to obtain either the display front image Sfv or the display rear image Srv, whichever meeting his/her needs. As is known from the above, with the gear sensor 14, the drive assistant device Uast2 can be more driver friendly.
FIG. 24 is a block diagram showing the hardware structure of a rendering device Urnd3 according to a second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 24, the rendering device Urnd3 generates images for drive assistance (display side images Sdp1 and Sdp2, which will be described later) for display on a display device 23. The rendering device Urnd3 includes a processor 15, program memory 16, and a working area 17.
The program memory 16 is typified by ROM (Read Only Memory), and as shown in FIG. 25A, stores a rendering program Prnd3. The program memory 16 also includes first and second object data Dobj1 and Dobj2, both of which are needed at time of executing the rendering program Prnd3.
The first object data Dobj1 is used to generate a first display side image Sdp1, and as shown in FIG. 25B, composed of first device identification data Did1, first mask data Dmsk1, first vehicle model data Dmd1, and first directional data Dind1. Herein, the first device identification data Did1 indicates an identification number Nid1 previously assigned to an image capture device 18 for its identification. The first mask data Dmsk1 represents an image of such first mask region Amsk1 as shown in FIG. 16A by a hatched area (hereinafter, referred to as first mask image Smsk1). In detail, the first mask region Amsk1 is composed of a first display region Adp1, a first vehicle model overlay region Amd1, and a first indicator overlay region Aind1, which are all positionally predetermined. As shown in FIG. 26B, the first display region Adp1 is a region on which a partial left-front image Splf (described later) is overlaid, and presumably in this embodiment, occupies almost left side of the screen of the display device 23. The first vehicle model overlay region Amd1 is a region on which a first vehicle model image Mvhc1 (described later) is overlaid. In this embodiment, the location thereof is exemplarily the upper right of the screen of the display device 23. The first indicator overlay region Aind1 is a region on which a first indicator image Mind1 (described later) is overlaid, and in this embodiment, the location of which is exemplarily between the first display region Adp1 and the first vehicle model overlay region Amd1 on the screen of the display device 23.
The first vehicle model data Dmd1 represents, as shown in FIG. 26B, a vehicle's image viewed from the above (hereinafter, referred to as first vehicle model image Mvhc1). The first directional data Dind1 represents an indicator's image indicating which direction the partial left-front image Splf is now showing (such image is referred to as first indicator image Mind1). In this embodiment, the first indicator image Mind1 is in the shape of isosceles triangle (dotted part in FIG. 26B). More specifically, the isosceles triangle has a vertex pointing at a door mirror on the left of the first vehicle model image Mvhc1. Further, two sides of the isosceles triangle in the same length are extending towards the partial left-front image Splf.
The second object data Dobj2 is used to generate a second display side image Sdp2, and as shown in FIG. 25C, composed of second device identification data Did2, second mask data Dmsk2, second vehicle model data Dmd2, and second directional data Dind2. Herein, the second device identification data Did2 indicates an identification number Nid2 previously assigned to an image capture device 19 for its identification. The second mask data Dmsk2 represents the second mask region Smsk2 as shown in FIG. 27A by a hatched area (hereinafter, referred to as second mask image Smsk1). In detail, the second mask region Amsk2 includes a second display region Adp2, a second vehicle model overlay region Amd2, and a second indicator overlay region Aind2, which are all positionally predetermined. As shown in FIG. 27B, the second display region Adp2 is a region on which the partial left-rear image Splr (described later) is overlaid, and presumably in this embodiment, occupies almost the left side of the screen of the display device 23. The second vehicle model overlay region Amd2 is a region on which a second vehicle model image Mvhc1 (described later) is overlaid. In this embodiment, the location thereof is exemplarily the lower right of the screen of the display device 23. The second indicator overlay region Aind2 is a region on which a second indicator image Mind2 (described later) is overlaid, and in this embodiment, the location of which is exemplarily between the second display region Adp2 and the second vehicle model overlay region Amd2 on the screen of the display device 23.
The second vehicle model data Dmd2 represents a second vehicle model image Mvhc2, which looks similar to the first vehicle model image Mvhc1 (see FIG. 27B). The second directional data Dind2 represents an indicator's image indicating which direction the partial left-rear image Splr is now showing (such image is referred to as second indicator image Mind2). In this embodiment, the second indicator image Mind2 is in the shape of isosceles triangle (dotted part in FIG. 27B). More specifically, the isosceles triangle has a vertex pointing at a door mirror on the left of the second vehicle model image Mvhc2. Further, two sides of the isosceles triangle in the same length are extending towards the partial left-rear image Splr.
Refer back to FIG. 24. The working area 17 is typified by RAM (Random Access Memory), and used when the processor 15 executes the rendering program Prnd3. The rendering device Urnd3 in such structure is typically included in a drive assistant device Uast3, and the processor 15 is communicably connected to the image capture devices 18 and 19, an input device 20, and the display device 23, all of which are included in the drive assistant device Uast3. Specifically, this drive assistant device Uast3 is mounted in a vehicle Vusr of FIG. 28, and therein, the image capture device 18 takes charge of the left-front side of the vehicle Vusr, and the image capture device 19 of the left-rear side thereof.
As shown in FIG. 28, the image capture device 18 is so placed on the left side of the vehicle Vusr as to be externally directed to the left-front side. More preferably, the image capture device 18 is so placed as to direct to the driver's blind region Alfb, which is indicated by a dotted line, when the driver is at the driver's seat. Here, captured by the image capture device 18 is a surrounding image of the vehicle Vusr, specifically, a left-front image Slf which indicates the blind region Alfb. Similarly, the image capture device 19 is so placed also on the left side of the vehicle Vusr but as to be externally directed to the left-rear side. More preferably, the image capture device 19 is so placed as to direct to the driver's blind region Alrb, which is indicated by a dotted line. Here, captured by the image capture device 19 is also a surrounding image of the vehicle Vusr, specifically, a left-front image Slr which indicates the blind region Alrb. Such image capture devices 18 and 19 are assigned each different identification numbers Nid1 and Nid2 to avoid confusion therebetween. Note that, the number of image capture devices provided to the drive assistant device Uast3 is not limited to those two, and may be more to cover the right-front, right-rear, front-right, and rear-right sides of the vehicle Vusr.
In FIG. 24, the input device 20 at least includes operation buttons 21 and 22. Pushing the operation button 21 starts a left-front monitor mode in response to an instruction signal Ilfm (step S42 in FIG. 29), and pushing the operation button 22 starts a left-rear monitor mode in response to an instruction signal Ilrm (step S44 in FIG. 29). Typically, the operation button 21 is pushed by the driver when he/she wants to know about the blind region Alfb, for example, when to park the vehicle Vusr (see FIG. 28). In response thereto, the input device 20 generates an instruction signal Ilfm for transmission to the processor 15 so as to instruct the processor 15 to start the left-front monitor mode. Here, the instruction signal Ilfm includes the above-described identification number Ndi1. On the other hand, the driver pushes the operation button 22 immediately before moving the vehicle Vusr backward. In response, the input device 20 generates an instruction signal Ilrm including the identification number Nid2 for transmission to the processor 15 so as to instruct the processor 15 to start the left-rear monitor mode.
Here, in FIG. 24, the display device 23 is typically a liquid crystal display, and displays on its screen the first and second display side images Sdp1 and Sdp2 generated by the processor 15.
Described next is the operation of such drive assistant device Uast3 with reference to FIGS. 29 to 31 for flowcharts. Once the drive assistant device Uast3 is turned ON, the processor 15 starts executing the rendering program Prnd3, and at the same time, reads the first and second object data Dobj1 and Dobj2 to the working area 17.
If receiving any received signal, the processor 15 starts carrying out the processing of the main flowchart in FIG. 29. The processor 15 first determines whether the received signal is the instruction signal Ilfm (step S41). If determined Yes, the processor 15 executes the left-front monitor mode (step S42), otherwise the procedure goes to step S43, which will be described later.
Assume now that the driver needs to know in what state the left-front side of the vehicle Vusr is. In this case, the driver pushes the operation button 21, and the input device 20 responsively transmits the instruction signal Ilfm to the processor 15. The processor 15 then determines that the instruction signal Ilfm has been received in step S41, and thus carries out the left-front monitor mode. In the left-front monitor mode, the first display side image Sdp1 is generated for assisting the driver to drive, and the detailed procedure thereof is shown in FIG. 30.
In FIG. 30, the processor 15 first extracts the identification number Nid1 from the received instruction signal Ilfm. Then, the processor 15 selects the first object data Dobj1 from the working area 3 (step S51). This is because the first object data Dobj1 is the one including the extracted identification number Nid1 as the first device identification data Did1. Thereafter, from the first object data Dobj1, the processor 15 extracts the first mask data Dmsk1, and stores it into frame memory (not shown) reserved in the working area 17 (step S52). After step S52 is through, generated on the frame memory is the first mask image Smsk1 (see FIG. 26A) only.
As the identification number Nid1 has been extracted, the processor 15 then instructs the applicable image capture device 18 to capture the left-front image Slf. The image capture device 18 responsively captures such left-front image Slf as shown in FIG. 32A, and stores it in the working area 17. As such, the processor 15 receives the left-front image Slf for the vehicle Vusr (step S53).
The processor 15 then cuts out such partial left-front image Splf as shown in FIG. 32B from the left-front image Slf received in step S53. Here, the partial left-front image Splf is an image overlaid onto the first display region Adp1 in the left-front image Slf (see FIG. 26A).
Then, on the frame memory, the processor 15 overlays thus cutout partial left-front image Splf onto the first display region Adp1 (step S55). After going through step S55, generated on the frame memory is an intermediate image, wherein the partial left-front image Splf is overlaid onto the first display region Adp1 in the first mask image Smsk1.
From the first object data Dobj1 selected in step S51, the processor 15 extracts the first vehicle model data Dmd1 and the first directional data Dind1. Then, on the intermediate image generated in step S55, the processor 15 overlays the first vehicle model image Mvhc1 represented by thus extracted first vehicle model data Dmd1 onto the first vehicle overlay region Amd1 in the first mask image Smsk1. Also, the processor 15 overlays the first indicator image Mind1 represented by the extracted first directional data Dind1 onto the first indicator region Aind1 in the first mask image Smsk1 (step S56). After going through step S56, generated on the frame memory is the first display side image Sdp1 wherein the partial left-front image Splf, the first vehicle model image Mvhc1, and the first indicator image Mind1 are overlaid on the first mask image Smsk1 (see FIG. 32C).
Thereafter, the processor 15 transfers the first display side image Sdp1 on the frame memory to the display device 23 (step S57). The display device 23 accordingly displays the first display side image Sdp1 on its screen.
The processor 15 then determines whether now is the time to end the left-front monitor mode (step S58). Here, to check when to end the left-front monitor mode, the same methods as those described for step S116 (see FIG. 8) can be applied. If determined not yet in step S58, the procedure returns to step S52 to generate a new first display side image Sdp1 by going through the same processing again. On the other hand, if determined Yes, this is the end of the processing in FIG. 30.
By displaying the driver such first display side image Sdp1 covering the driver's blind regions around the front-left side of the vehicle Vusr, the drive assistant device Uast3 assists the driver in driving. Here, as shown in FIG. 32C, displayed on the screen of the display device 23 are the partial left-front image Splf on the upper left, the first vehicle model image Mvhc1 on the lower right, and the isosceles-triangle shaped first indicator image Mind1 with a vertex pointing at the door mirror of the first vehicle model image Mvhc1. Here, two sides of the isosceles triangle in the same length are extending towards the partial left-front image Splf. Accordingly, in the case that the second display side image Sdp2 (described later) is available together with the first display side image Sdp1, the driver may not confuse therebetween. That is, with the first indicator image Sind1 displayed, the driver can instantaneously recognize the image he/she is now seeing covers the front-left side of the vehicle Vusr.
As already described, if the received signal is determined as not to be the instruction signal Ilfm in step S41 in FIG. 29, the processor 15 then sees if is the instruction signal llrm (step S43). If determined No, this is the end of the processing in FIG. 29. On the other hand, if determined Yes, the processor 15 executes the left-rear monitor mode (step S44).
Assume now that the driver moves the vehicle Vusr backward for parallel parking. In this case, the driver pushes the operation button 22, and the input device 20 responsively transmits the instruction signal Ilrm to the processor 15. The processor 15 then determines that the instruction signal Ilrm has been received in step S43, and thus carries out the left-rear monitor mode. In the rear-left monitor mode, the second display side image Sdp2 is generated for assisting the driver to drive, and the detailed procedure thereof is shown in FIG. 31.
In FIG. 31, the processor 15 first extracts the identification number Nid2 from the received instruction signal Ilrm. Then, the processor 15 selects the second object data Dobj2 from the working area 17 (step S61). This is because the second object data Dobj2 is the one including the extracted identification number Nid2 as the second device identification data Did2. Thereafter, from the second object data Dobj2, the processor 15 extracts the second mask data Dmsk2 for storage into frame memory (not shown) reserved in the working area 17 (step S62). After step S62 is through, generated on the frame memory is the second mask image Smsk2 (see FIG. 27A) only.
As the identification number Nid2 has been extracted, the processor 15 then instructs the applicable image capture device 19 to capture the left-rear image Slr. The image capture device 19 responsively captures such left-rear image Slr as shown in FIG. 33A for storage in the working area 17. As such, the processor 15 receives the left-rear image Slr for the vehicle Vusr (step S63).
The processor 15 then cuts out such partial left-rear image Splr as shown in FIG. 33B from the left-rear image Slr received in step S63. Here, the partial left-rear image Splr is a part supposedly overlaid onto the second display region Adp2 in the left-rear image Slr (see FIG. 27A).
Then, on the frame memory, the processor 15 overlays thus cutout partial left-rear image Splr onto the second display region Adp2 (step S65). After going through step S65, generated on the frame memory is an intermediate image, wherein the partial left-rear image Splr is overlaid onto the second display region Adp2 in the second mask image Smsk2.
From the second object data Dobj2 selected in step S61, the processor 15 extracts the second vehicle model data Dmd2 and the second directional data Dind2. Then, the processor 15 overlays the second vehicle model image Mvhc2 represented by thus extracted second vehicle model data Dmd2 onto the second vehicle overlay region Amd2 in the second mask image Smsk2. Also, the processor 15 overlays the first indicator image Mind1 represented by the extracted first directional data Dind1 onto the first indicator region Aind1 in the first mask image Smsk1 (step S66). After going through step S66, generated on the frame memory is the second display side image Sdp2 as shown in FIG. 33C.
Thereafter, the processor 15 transfers the second display side image Sdp2 on the frame memory to the display device 23 (step S67). The display device 23 accordingly displays the second display side image Sdp2 on its screen. The processor 15 then determines whether now is the time to end the left-rear monitor mode in the same manner as in step S58 (step S68). If determined not yet in step S68, the procedure returns to step S62 to generate a new second display side image Sdp2 by going through the same processing again. On the other hand, if determined Yes in step S68, this is the end of the processing in FIG. 31.
By displaying the driver such second display side image Sdp2 covering the driver's blind regions around the left-rear side of the vehicle Vusr, the drive assistant device Uast3 assists the driver in driving. Here, as shown in FIG. 33C, displayed on the screen of the display device 23 are the partial left-rear image Splr on the lower left, the second vehicle model image Mvhc2 on the upper right, and the isosceles-triangle shaped second indicator image Mind2 with a vertex pointing at the door mirror of the second vehicle model image Mvhc2. Here, two sides of the isosceles triangle in the same length are extending towards the partial left-rear image Splf. Accordingly, in the case that the second display side image Sdp2 is available together with the first display side image Sdp1, the driver may not confuse therebetween. That is, with the second indicator image Sind2 displayed, the driver can instantaneously recognize the image he/she is now seeing covers the left-rear side of the vehicle Vusr.
Note here that, the first indicator image Mind1 is in the shape of isosceles triangle. This is not restrictive, and any image in some other shape will work just fine as long as sufficiently indicates which side of the vehicle Vusr the partial left-front image Splr is showing. This is also applicable to the second indicator image Mind2.
In the above, the first object data Dobj1 includes the vehicle model data Dmd1. This is not restrictive, and the first object data Dobj1 may include data representing such vehicle model image Mds as shown in FIG. 34, that is, a rear view of around the driver's seat. This is also applicable to the second object data Dobj2.
Also, for convenience, the drive assistant device Uast3 displays the driver the left-front and left-rear sides of the vehicle Vusr in the above. Here, in the same manner applied to the display side image Sdp1, the drive assistant device Dast3 may generate an image showing the driver the right-front, right-rear, front-left, front-right, rear-left, and rear-right sides of the vehicle Vusr.
In the above embodiments, the rendering programs Prnd1 to Prnd3 are stored in the rendering device Urnd1 to Urnd3, respectively. This is not restrictive, and those programs Prnd1 to Prnd3 may be distributed in a recording medium typified by CD-ROM, or over a communications network such as the Internet.
wherein said counting part counts a number of generations of the display image provided by said first image overlay part.
wherein said first image overlay part is operable to overlay the indicator image onto the intermediate image generated by said second image overlay part.
wherein said first image overlay part is operable to overlay each of the indicator onto the surrounding image in such a manner as to create a moving picture of the vehicle.
4. The rendering device according to claim 3, wherein each of said indicator images is in the shape of the vehicle model as viewed from behind.
wherein said first image overlay part is operable to overlay each of the indicator images in such manner as to create a moving picture of the graphics.
said first image overlay part is operable to generate a display rear image wherein each of the indicator images is overlaid on the rear image to indicate that the rear portion of the area surrounding the vehicle is represented by the surrounding image.
said first image overlay part is operable to overlay each of the indicator images on the surrounding image in such manner as to create a moving picture of the vehicle model.
said first image overlay part is operable to overlay, in response to a signal from the operation button and a signal indicating that the vehicle is moving backward, each of the indicator images on the surrounding image in such manner as to create a moving picture of the vehicle model moving downward.
wherein said counting comprises counting a number of generations of the display image provided by said overlaying.
wherein the instructions capable of instructing the system to count comprise instructions capable of instructing the system to count a number of generations of the display image provided where the system overlays.


Emancipation. That word has almost a singular meaning to most Americans. You know. That part of our history that we don't want to think about. That part where President Lincoln emancipated a group of people that shoulda been free to begin with. This week, that word took on a totally new meaning for me. A new meaning that almost motivates this guy to drive all the way to a particular state capital and kiss a particular old governor on the lips….but, I digress.
We really should be free. This country was billed as the "land of the free". This week, according to our current vice president, we are headed back to slavery in one form or another if the wrong guy is elected to the White House. Politics is a really funny thing sometimes.
To what extent it can be controlled, the election is not about tax returns, who's better in the White House, who's more American, etc…this election is truly about who's facing reality and who's not.
Politicians are quick to condemn those who don't live within their means over the last few years yet will not to face the fact that the government has not lived within its means for 15 years. Typical politics and hypocrisy go hand in hand right off the fiscal cliff that everyone's talking about today.
Mitt Romney doesn't have to release his tax returns to prove what kind of successful businessman or shrewd ROI guy he is. We all know that. We also know the real hope and change is really hard to come by. So the President has no credibility with his record of little change and very little hope.
In the words of Joe Biden himself, we need to "unchain!!!" America in more ways than one and believe in people to do what they can do to make their lives better… better for their family, better for the community, and better for the country, as a whole.
As individuals in this country, we need to unchain ourselves from stuff. Stuff. You never own stuff. Stuff owns you. That is a fact.
If we can eventually elect the right people who actually balance rugged individualism with a level of government only for the most basic safety nets & promises fulfilled… well, we will have a future for this country that's promising, hopeful, and delivers real change we really need.
That's the emancipation that every man, woman, child, and business needs in this country very soon. Alas, I think we're 4 to 8 years away before any reality check really hits Washington DC. That's why Panama, Ecuador, Uruguay, and Belize seem so darn attractive to me.
As for this election in 2012, I'm not holding my breath and you shouldn't either.


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What are the causes of poverty, who are the victims, and how have things changed for better or worse in recent years? What things are within our power to change locally, and in what ways do we need to adapt to larger trends beyond our control?
These question will be the topic of discussion at the next Community Conversations forum Tuesday, Nov. 11, at 7 p.m. in Bass Hall at the Monadnock Center for History and Culture. Four people who are involved with these issues will present their perspectives to get the conversation going.
Mindy Cambiar is the director of the Hundred Nights Shelter in Keene. Prior to that she served as a founder and the director of the Community Kitchen in Keene for 24 years. Owen Houghton of Jaffrey is an aging wellness educator, columnist for the Keene Sunday Sentinel, and treasurer of the Jaffrey Food Pantry and the Free Jaffrey Community Suppers. Virginia Lee Miller serves on the board of the Peterborough Food Pantry. Margaret Nelson is the executive director of the River Center, an organization which provides a variety of services to individuals and families in the region.
Following a short presentation from each panelist, there will be moderated conversation, and widespread participation is encouraged. Previous Community Conversations have resulted in new connections between people, and actionable information provided to participants and presenters.
The event is free, however non-perishable food items may be brought as a donation, and will be distributed to the food pantries.


text:
Potamonautes rothschildi is een krabbensoort uit de familie van de Potamonautidae. De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1909 door Rathbun.

Potamonautidae
IUCN-status onzeker

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Person hit by train suspends all services between Three Bridges and Horsham - recap
Disruption was expected until 8pm
Eleanor FlemingSenior Reporter
Jamie PhillipsSenior Reporter
Southern Rail said that all lines were blocked between Horsham and Three Bridges (Image: Dan Kitwood/Getty Images)
All services were at a standstill between Three Bridges and Horsham due to a person being "hit by a train".
A statement from Southern Rail said: "A person has been hit by a train between Three Bridges and Horsham, meaning that all lines between these stations are blocked.
"Disruption is expected to continue until approximately 8pm."
Inrix, the travel updates service, reported that the incident took place at Crawley.
"Services at a stand on Southern between Three Bridges and Horsham due to person hit by a train at Crawley", it said. "Tickets being accepted on local bus routes."
For all of today's breaking news visit our news section or follow us on Facebook or Twitter.
People can also keep up to date with the latest news from across the county via the free Surrey Live app.
You can set up your app to see news and events from your area, and receive notifications for any breaking news.
Join the Surrey Live 'Traffic and Travel' group
We've created a Facebook group for people who live in and travel through the county to keep up to date with what's happening on the roads and trains.
We will keep you informed about the latest news that affects your journey to work or school, as well as at the weekend, whether it is planes out of Heathrow Airport or Gatwick Airport; South Western Railway, Southern or Great Western Railway trains; or traffic on the M25, M23, M3, M4, A3, A24, A31, A25, A22 or one of Surrey's many other roads.
We'll also let you know in advance if there are any roadworks, railway engineering works or closures you should know about.
Join the group here.
The full story 12:19
You can read the full story from this incident by following the link below.
https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/person-dies-after-being-hit-16112292
For the latest train service updates, please follow this link.
All lines open
All lines are now open between Three Bridges and Horsham.
Services are expected to be heavily disrupted until the end of the day.
More info on replacement services
Passengers wanting Horsham are advised to alight at Gatwick Airport to connect with the number 200 Metrobus.
A replacement bus service is in operation between Three Bridges and Horsham. These will not be running to a schedule so please liaise with station staff in regards to details. Our supplier is continuing to try and source more buses at this time.
Further buses have been requested to Horsham for to assist with services travelling Southbound towards Barnham. However, we have no estimated time for these to be in circulation. An hourly train shuttle is in operation between Horsham and Bognor Regis currently.
Details of replacement services
Here's an updated list of all the replacement services which are currently operating. Ticket acceptance is in place with the following services:
You can use your ticket on any Southern or Thameslink service between London and Brighton.
South Western Railway between London, Portsmouth Harbour and Southampton Central.
Compass Travel route 100 between Pulborough, Billingshurst and Horsham.
Stagecoach route 700 between Brighton and Portsmouth Harbour.
You ticket will also be accepted on METROBUS on the following routes:
2 for Crawley and Ifield.
3 for Crawley, Three Bridges and Gatwick Airport.
23 for Crawley, Faygate and Horsham.
200 for Horsham, Faygate, Ifield and Gatwick Airport.
400 for Crawley, Three Bridges and Gatwick Airport.
84/272/281/291 for Crawley to Three Bridges.
Disruption until 9pm
Disruption is expected to continue until approximately 9pm this evening.
There is also a communications issue in the area, affecting how trains show on the Customer Information Screens.
Replacement services in operation
Southern Rail has tweeted:
Rail replacement services are starting to arrive and operate from Three Bridges now.
Please listen to further updates for when buses do arrive.
Ticket acceptance is also in place with Metrobus between Three Bridges and Horsham.
Reports of incident at Crawley
Inrix is reporting that the incident took place in Crawley.
Replacement bus service running on Southern between Three Bridges and Horsham due to person hit by a train at Crawley. Tickets being accepted on local bus routes. Some services will be diverted via Hove or Dorking where possible.
Inrix is reporting that the incident took place in Crawley (Image: Google)
What happens to train drivers involved in these incidents?
We spoke to Southern Rail about the strict procedures in place for train drivers that are involved in tragic incidents. Find out more by following the link below.
https://www.getsurrey.co.uk/news/surrey-news/what-happens-train-drivers-experience-16100009
Replacement buses requested
#SNUpdates -
Replacement buses have been requested. Buses have been confirmed for Three Bridges and currently on route. They wont run to schedule, so please talk to station staff for details.
— Southern (@SouthernRailUK) April 10, 2019
BTP and SECAmb approached for comment
Surrey Live has approached the British Transport Police and South East Coast Ambulance Service for more information on the incident.
Thameslink lines affected
#TLUpdates - We are currently unable to run between Three Bridges and Horsham in both directions.
Ticket acceptance is in place with Metrobus services to help you on your journey between Three Bridges and Horsham.
https://t.co/iYMraBkjSy
— Thameslink (@TLRailUK) April 10, 2019
Full statement from Southern Rail
A person has been hit by a train between Three Bridges and Horsham. This means that all lines are blocked while the emergency services and Network Rail attend to this incident.
Disruption is expected to continue until approximately 8pm. There is also a communications issue in the area, affecting how trains show on the Customer Information Screens.
Ticket acceptance on local buses
To assist you on your journey, ticket acceptance is in place with the following services:
Mutual ticket acceptance Southern and Thameslink between London and Brighton
METROBUS between Three Bridges and Horsham
South Western Railway between London, Portsmouth Harbour and Southampton Central
Services which run between London Victoria and Portsmouth Harbour, Southampton Central and Bognor Regis will divert either via Hove or Dorking where possible.
Thameslink services which run between Peterborough and Horsham will not run between Three Bridges and Horsham.
More from Southern Rail
#SNUpdates - We are currently unable to run between Three Bridges and Horsham in both directions.
https://t.co/VbR8qxW3ih
Southern Rail statement
⚠#SNUpdates - Due to a person being hit by a train between Three Bridges and Horsham all lines between these stations are blocked.
Ticket acceptance and service details to follow.
A person hit by a train has suspended all services between Three Bridges and Horsham.
We will be providing live updates of the incident in this blog.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Today I'm talking about why every creative needs a wolfpack with my friend, Elizabeth Henson. We cover topics that range from wolfpacks, masterminds, and some behind-the-scenes business stuff. We talk about what a wolfpack is and how it's different from a mastermind and why it's important for creative entrepreneurs to have a wolfpack. Then we get into who should be a part of your wolfpack and how you can start building relationships and finding people you really connect with. We also talk about ways you can make sure that you're being a good member of a wolfpack – for your yourself and others – and supporting people in the best way possible.
I'm excited to talk about this topic with Elizabeth because after connecting through a few different groups and events, I've seen how she puts this into practice first hand.
Elizabeth Henson, owner of Elizabeth Henson Photos, is heartfelt wedding photographer and passionate coach for creative dreamers and overachievers. She helps women who feel stuck in their day-to-day spread their creative wings and make money doing what they love. Elizabeth settled into entrepreneurship after career hopping and finally leaving the 9-5 grind, She now runs a full time photography business where she specializes in weddings for couples who believe in finding laughter in love. Her photographs have been published in magazines, books, and online. She is equally well known for her passion to help other women succeed in their own creative business endeavors and dreams of a world where any woman can make her living doing what she loves. Yoga and 90s music keep her grounded, as does spending time with husband, Mark, and two daughters, Gracie and Maddison. Elizabeth's mission is to grow her creative community, , Creatives Live Happy, and provide support to emerging "creativepreneurs" everywhere.


A wedding in Uttar Pradesh was cancelled midway after the bride was turned off by the grooms dancing skills causing much embarrassment for those present there. Friends and family were in a for a shock after the bride expressed her desire to marry the horse instead.
Guests present at the wedding were initially shocked and seemed like they'd walk out from the venue, but decided otherwise after food stalls were opened. "I have traveled 2 hours with my family navigating the traffic. I wont go back without having food. To tell you honestly, I have come here for the food. I hardly know anyone at the wedding," said one of the guest.
After some local news channels played the sequence of events, it soon turned political with Congress party pointing their guns at the state Govt. A senior congress leader stated how condition of women had deteriorated since Yogi Adityanath had taken over the reigns in UP. "What is happening . Women are being forced to marry horses in 'Yogi's Uttar Pradesh'.
Meanwhile, the horse which has now become a celebrity on social media, will be performing at IIFA 2017 in New York while matching steps with Bollywood actors like Tiger Shroff. Media has already lapped up the idea of having Tiger and Horse dancing on stage and is going all out to promote the function will special report with a headline that read 'Tiger aur Ghoda bane dost. IIFA me nachenge saath saath'.


'Leeds is a welcoming, supportive and compassionate city for new and existing communities, a place where they feel safe and connected; their contributions are valued and celebrated; and individuals, families and communities can reach their full potential'.
The following resources use data from the DWP on National Insurance Number Applications by Overseas Nationals and Census 2011 to provide intelligence and insight into migration trends at local levels in Leeds.
The Migration in Leeds 2018 Storymap takes users through a presentation of inward migration patterns in Leeds since 2002/03. The storymap explores flows of applications, where migrants are coming from and where they settle in Leeds.
The Migration in Leeds 2018 Webmap is an interactive map that allows users to explore data about recent and settled migration communities alongside other contextual layers and service provision in Leeds.
The map will be updated annually.
The Migration in Leeds 2018 Spreadsheet organises National Insurance Number Applications by Overseas Nationals and Census 2011 data by MSOA and Local Authority for users to extract and analyse independently.


"Our budgets have shrunk. We've got leaner teams than before. Our clients are more demanding than ever. So how can we possibly provide five-star client service?" It's a lament I'm hearing more and more of late, from agencies of all sizes.
1. Accept: Accept that providing consistent five-star service isn't optional, but must be a key focus of agency leadership, taking up the right amount of senior level attention, think-time and bandwidth. And what's the right level? Just ask your clients what level of service your agency is providing, if it's consistent and if they would recommend your agency without hesitation. Their feedback will help you determine if you need to dial up client service. PS: You probably do.
3. Create an Agency-Wide Client-Service Mentality. Make improved client reviews, and specifically your client service rankings, an agency-wide goal. If you're the agency leader, share the specific actions you'll be taking to contribute to this achievement. Make sure that the evaluation/review of every staffer–including the receptionist and admin. staff–includes client service-related feedback, goals and recommended actions.
5. Take the Client's Pulse More Frequently: It's tempting to spend less time with the client asking about agency performance, for fear that we'll hear something negative. But it's more important than ever to do so, and with greater frequency. Taking the plunge helps you to determine client service shortfalls while they're simmering but not yet at a full boil, and therefore, much easier to fix. In addition, meeting with the client on this subject more frequently will help you hear what the agency is doing right, so you can encourage more of it.
In an upcoming post: What a team members can do to provide enhanced client service, despite smaller teams.