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Tag Archives: Wassail
The Dorset Ooser
Posted on May 1, 2015 by dorsetcountymuseum
This monstrous wooden mask, a bull's hair and horns mounted on its low brow, was used to scare people at midwinter gatherings. Another was reported at Shillingstone and there may have been many more throughout Dorset, Somerset and Wiltshire. The Rev. William Barnes defines Ooser, oose or wu'se, as 'a mask…with grim jaws, put on with a cow's skin to frighten folk. "Wurse" … is a name of the arch-fiend.'
The replica Dorset Ooser mask that hangs in the Writer's Gallery of the Dorset County Museum was carved by John Byfleet in 1973 for the Wessex Morris Men and is still used in May Day celebrations at Cerne Abbas and in dance performances. DCM © 2015
From the 'Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society' Volume 84, 1962, an article written by the H. S. L. Dewar. entitled 'The Dorset Ooser'
This extraordinary object, portrayed in the illustration, has, most unfortunately disappeared from human ken. Some 65 years ago it was in the possession iof the Cave family at Holt Farm, Melbury Osmond. When Dr. Edward Cave left Holt for Crewkerne in Somerset before the year 1897, he took the Ooser with him. Leaving Crewkerne for Bath in 1897, for the time being the mask was left in 'the care of the family coachman. When Dr. Cave enquired for it subsequently, it appears that he was told it had been disposed of. It is suggested that it may have eventually found its way to America.
Dorset Ooser, Melbury Osmond. This horned mask was formeriy in me possession of Mr. Cave of Holt Farm, but has long since disappeared. DCM © 2015
The hollow mask, for such it was, is said to have been in the care of the Cave family from time out of mind. But although it has now been lost to sight, the memory of it and its associations in the district still provide great interest to students of folklore and others. That the mask was the last of a long line of renewals can hardly be doubted, since it was made of wood as a base, and must have suffered periodically from woodworm and decay.
As can be seen in the illustration, the mark was provided with a lower jaw which was moveable, and gnashing teeth, the jaw being worked by a string. It was adorned with crisped hair, flowing whiskers, a beard, and a fine pair of horns. Between the eyebrows it bears a rounded boss for which it is difficult to find an explanation. The expression of the eyes conveys a really agonized spirit of hatred, terror and despair. That the head in its turn was intended to inspire terror in the minds of the foolish and the wicked is unquestionable. It is perhaps the latest representation of ithe Devil to be made and used in England. The Devil, be it said, whom the Church of England has recently decided to retain in the Catechism, no doubt with good reason. The Ooser was, nevertheless, an unorthodox representation of the King of Evil.
The tradition that inspired both the creation of the Devil at large and the manufacture of his varied images is, of course, nearly as old as man himself. We find his prototypes, probably connected with phallic or fertiility worship, in the Mesolithic period. At Starr Carr in Yorkshire some 9000 years ago, the primitive hunters of the Middle Stone Age were making skull-caps for 'wear out of the skulls and antlers of deer. Archaeologists believe they were intended to be worn for ritual use in dances connected with their hopes for 'successful hunting. The fertility of both the hunters and the hunted was something that had to be achieved for the perpetuation of the tribe and for its sustenance.
The rituals that inspired this kind of performance were already thousands of years old. We have only to turn to the painting of a man disguised in the skin and horned head of an animal in the cave of Les Trois Freres in France to see what is perhaps the earliest representation of a priest of this fertility cult, his face turned to the spectators for admiration. Antlers have been recorded as found near the heads of individuals buried in Bowl-barrows of the Early Bronze Age in Dorset.
Today, in the famous, annual horn-dance at Abbots Bromley in Staffordshire, the modern equivalents may be seen, though politely modified, perhaps descended from remote antiquity through various -media. Incidentally, the Abbots Bromley horns are said to be hung up in the Church between the ceremonies.
It is not difficult to trace the evolution of a god of an early cult, or a fertility spirit with attendant ritual., to the Devil of a succeeding religion. The new priests still needed to keep some of the images of the older faith, and to trot them out periodically for the edification of the people, or as a warning. The transition from god of pleasure or plenty to god of pain, often in a subordinate and derogatory position as a devil, was assured. For example, the crude fertility symbolism of the Giant of Gerne Abbas was preserved, probably through May Day revels, by the local inhabitants, with the presumed, though perhaps tacit assent of the Church, and of the Abbey of Cerne.
Thus it may well be, as the inhabitants of Melbury Osmond believe, the Ooser, originally an image connected with fertility worship, was eventually relegated to occasions for "Skimity Riding" (Information from Mr. K. G. Knight.), (sometimes rendered as "Skimmerton") as in Thomas Hardy's The Mayor of Casterbridge, and "Rough Music". This performance may be explained by pointing out that before the days of the Divorce Courts and the popular press, public opinion had a good way of expressing interest in and disapproval of husband-beating, scolding, sexual unfaithfulness or irregularity, and cuckoldry. Many of these are, after all, often due to the uncontrolled excess of the urge to fertility. And so, when an aberrant pair, or an erring spouse was located, the man, or sometimes the woman, or both, were made to ride on a donkey or a horse, face to tail. Meanwhile the crowd made rude and rough music by beating on frying pans and ketitles, bull's horns, marrow bones and cleavers. Such was the band with which they had earlier woken and serenaded the sinful. Elsewhere, the donkey was called a "celebrated Jerusalem," a curiously inverted form of sarcasm. At Melbury it is related that the Ooser was brought out and paraded to complete such a show. Skimmity Riding is portrayed on a panel in one of the rooms in Montacute House in Somerset.
By now the once triumphant horn of plenty, fertility and power had become a symbol of scorn, horror and derision. The latest phase of all seems to have been when the Ooser's head — or was the head itself the Ooser — on occasion used to be brought to the door of the tallet (hay-loft) of a barn to terrify the children of the village(Information from Mr. K. G. Knight.) should occasion call for it. The word "tallet" is of some interest here, since it seems to be akin to the Welsh : "taflod", a hay-loft, and its use as a dialect word in Dorset could indicate a Celtic origin.
The tale is still told in (Melbury that it was sometimes used to scare grown up people as well as young ones, chains being attached, while lucifer matches were pushed alight into the head. One is tempted to visualize smoke pouring from the infernal nostrils. The story goes that once it was so used to frighten a stable-hand (Information from Mr. K. G. Knight.), and that in a fright he jumped through a window and so injured himself that his 'life was despaired of. At one time it is said that the Ooser was kept in the Malt House, which was once a Button Factory, and now a Chapel. If one looks for a parallel elsewhere, Violet A If or d in her book on English Folk-Dances, records that a man used to accompany the 'Christmas Wassailers at Kingscote in Gloucestershire, "dressed in a sack, his head in a real bull's face, head and horns complete".
The name Ooser may be connected with "Wurse," as William Barnes remarked, the name of the arch-fiend-himself in Layamond's Brut. Others believe it connected with "Osor," a name used in Italy in the 17th century for the Devil of the 'Christians. It seems possible that the Ooser may claim relationship with such figures as the Mayday Jack-in-the-Green, or the Green Man of our Inn signs. He is likely enough an off-shoot from the 14th century and later Mummers' plays. Some authorities hold that the older form of Mumming was "(Masking", while Polydore Vergil relates that the disguising and mumming at Christmas were derived from the feasts of Pallas that were done with vizars and painted -masks. Again, it is known that in early 'Christian times people ran about wearing masks upon New Year's Day on the occasion of the Feast of Circumcision, imitating a pagan superstition. In ancient missals the words written in the mass for this day were : "Missa ad prohibendum ab idalis" A clue can very likely be seen also in Isaiah xxxiv. 14.
These masques or mysteries may have evolved eventually into the Morality Plays. In France, men and women (wearing such disguises are said to have been forbidden going to the Churches in 1598 at the instigation of the Bishop of Angres, and by State Legislation in 1668. A suggestion has also been made that "Ooser" is a derivative of "Guisard" or "Guiser", connected with such words as "vizard," "vizor," or "vizard," the old words for "Mummer" or "Guise."
Mr. G. W. 'Greening of Dorchester can recall the figure of a Beelzebub which puffed smoke, had four short legs and a tail like a crocodile, in a play performed by the Bradstock Mummers when he was a boy. It is a great pity that such figures as the Ooser should have faded into the mists of time. It is only due to the great interest taken in folklore by a few enthusiasts, and by Mrs. H. H. (Marshall, a daughter of Dr. Edward Cave, and by Mr. K. G. Knigiht of Evershot, and the very retentive memories of the older men and women of Melbury Osmond that many of the above details have been preserved.
Those who wish to pursue the subject may be referred to F. T. Elworthy's Horns of Honour, and to Somerset and Dorset Notes and Queries, Vol. ii (1891), p.289, or to any of a vast number of books concerning the Devil and his Works that are to be found in most public libraries. Skimmity Riding is discussed in Brand's Popular Antiquities, and elsewhere.
It may be permissible to ask philologists whether there is any evidence that the 'well-known Hampshire dialect word "Wooster", meaning a lover, and "Wooster blister," a mark allegedly caused by a lover's kiss, is related to the Ooser?
The writer's thanks are most cordially given to Mr. R. N. R. Peers, to Mr. G. W. Greening, and to Mr. K. G. Knight of the Melbury Estate Staff, for their interest in local traditions about the Ooser, and for the trouble they have taken in the matter. Last but not least, also to Mrs. H. H. Marshall, who has come forward with some new facts after this paper had been almost completed. It should be noted that "Ooser" is pronounced with a short, quick "s", as in "boss," not as in "nose."
Posted in Dorset County Museum, Folklore, Local History, Writers	| Tagged Antler, Bronze Age, Cave, Celtic, Cerne Abbas, Cerrenos, Christmas, Crewkerne, Dancing, Devil, Dorchester, Dorset, Dorset County Museum, English Folk Dance, Folk, Folklore, Giant, Green Man, H.S.L Dewar, John Symonds Udal, Les Trois Freres, Mask, May Day, Melbury Osmund, Montacute House, Morris Dancing, Mummers, Ooser, Pagan, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Rough Music, Skimmerton, Skimmity Ride, Somerset, The Mayor of Casterbridge, Thomas Hardy, Wassail, Wildman, William Barnes, Witch, Witchcraft, Woodwose	| 2 Replies
Apple Tree Wassail – Survival of a Tree Cult
From the 'Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society' Volume 42 1922, an article written by the W. O. Beament, M.A. entitled 'Apple Tree Wassail: Survival of a Tree Cult'
I propose for the purpose of this paper to consider firstly the ceremonies accompanying the Apple Tree Wassail which are, or were until lately, observed in the South West of England,and secondly to consider certain parallels to the rite which may be found at various stages of the civilisation of Western Europe.
It may then be possible to indicate some connection between the two, and to suggest a theory which accounts for what I believe to be a genuine pre-historic survival on English Soil. At the outset, I ought to explain that the theory which I shall outline at the conclusion of this paper is not intended to be the result of any research. It is simply an indication of the lines along which I believe a possible solution of the problems presented by the Apple Tree Wassail may be found.
At the present day the custom of wassailing the apple trees does not appear to be observed in Dorset; and when I first commenced collecting material for this paper I was not aware that it had been practised in our own county in recent times. However, our Vice- President, Judge Udal, has very kindly forwarded to me an extract from the manuscript of his forthcoming book on Dorset Folklore with permission to make use of it for the purposes of this paper. Judge Udal refers to an article in Folklore for 1918 from which it appears that the ceremony observed in Dorset did not differ in any important particular from those still to be found in the sister county of Somerset. When we turn to the latter county, there is an abundance of material for consideration ; and I propose to take as a representative account, and one which forms an excellent basis for discussion, the description of the ceremony given by Mr. Cecil Sharp in his note to Song 128, Folk Songs, from Somerset, 5th Series.
The rite appears to have been observed at Bratton on the 17th January, and the procedure as described by several witnesses is roughly as follows:
Meeting about seven in the evening, the wassailers proceed to the orchard which is to be the scene of their first celebration, and, forming a ring round one of the oldest of the trees, dance round, singing a particular song, to the words of which I will presently revert. Cider, sometimes warmed, is then thrown upon the tree or poured over the roots to the accompaniment of much shouting, stamping of feet, and firing of guns. Before leaving the tree a piece of toast soaked in cider is placed in the fork of the branches. Mr. Sharp states that, on enquiry of one of the revellers as to what became of the toast, he was informed that " some say that the birds eat it, but I don't know."
There are five points in this ceremony which are worth considering :
The Tree.
The Song and Dance.
The Libation of Cider.
The Noise.
The Offering of Toast
It may be interesting to consider them briefly in detail as they appear to-day.
1. SONG AND DANCE. I cannot obtain any very clear idea of the dance itself. Whatever it may have been in the past, it does not seem to-day to be a set figure; it rather has the nature of a wild gambol round a tree by a number of men joining hands in a ring. Probably the fact that they have already wassailed each other in cider before setting out has some effect upon their gyrations. The words of the song are at the present day more or less doggerel. As given by Mr. Sharp they run as follows:
Old Apple Tree we'll wassail thee
And hoping thou wilt bear
The Lord doth know where we shall be
To be merry another year:
So blow well and bear well
And so merry let us be
Let every man drink up his can
And health to the old Apple Tree.
Then follows a spoken piece, cheering, shouting, stamping and gun-firing. I have come to the conclusion, as a result of comparison between this and similar ceremonies, that the words have in comparatively modern times been substituted for more ancient formula having practically the same meaning.It is perfectly clear that the wish expressed is for a good crop of apples in the ensuing year. It is rather curious that, in the Sedgemoor district, verses of the New Year Wassail Song are added to the Apple Tree Wassail.
2. SHOUTING, GUN-FIRING, ETC. The use of gunpowder, a comparatively modern invention, has led certain correspondents on this subject to suggest that we have a survival of a primitive method of pruning. The theory is that in early clays pruning was accomplished by beating the tree with a stick; and subsequently the firing of shot into the branches was used to obtain the same result. I am inclined myself to think that the gun-firing is merely a method of making a noise. Lieut. Latrobe-Bateman in describing his Congo Explorations in the middle of the last century has noted that natives belonging to the Mohammedan faith fire off guns at certain religious celebrations. In this case he knows that the object is simply that of making a noise. It seems rather more likely that the idea of noise-making should be predominant in a rustic ceremony such as wassailing, rather than that it should be necessary to prc-suppose a primitive method of pruning,for which not only does no evidence exist, but which is more over rather insulting to the intelligence of our ancestors.
3. THE LIBATION. This as it survives scarcely requires any comment. It can best be considered in the next section of the paper.
4. OFFERING OF TOAST. This is undoubtedly a real offering. Mr. Sharp's informant was clearly of the opinion that it was not eaten by the birds, although twentieth century materialism had made him rather shy of expressing this belief openly.
None of the participants in the ceremony, however, appear to have any very clear idea as to whom the offering was made. It seems that we have here a case in which folk-memory is rapidly failing. Toast is still placed in the branches because it is remembered that once the offering was made to someone or something.
But in a few years, if the ceremony lasts as long, the reason will have been entirely forgotten; and I think this particular part of the rite will disappear entirely or we shall be definitely told that it is intended as an offering to the birds, probably in the hope that they will not attack the crop during the year.
In considering one or two interesting parallels to the Apple Tree Wassail, I should like to begin with a reminder that tree worship still survives in twentieth century England in other forms. The simplest, and the one which comes most readily to mind, is the Maypole dance. The Maypole is usually a dry pole perhaps with a sprig of green at the top, but was once, as Sir James Frazer has pointed out in the Golden Bough, a living tree freshly cut from the forest. It was also not so long ago that the "Jack in the Green" was a well-known figure in village festivities. It is rather curious that, while Sir James Frazer lays great stress upon these two survivals, he does not in the Golden Bough refer to the Apple Tree Wassail.
Bearing in mind then that ceremonies, which at the present time appear to have a value only as burlesque, are none the less religious survivals, we shall he less surprised to find that our West Country Apple Tree Wassail has behind it a long and honourable history. I must apologise for proceeding to state one or two facts which are probably well known to most of those present to-day, but my excuse is that their clue remembrance is essential to the considerations I wish to advance.
It must be kept in mind that religions, and especially primitive religions as distinct from magical cults, fall generally speaking into one of two classes they are connected with earth spirits or with sky gods. Without being irreverent, it may be stated that Christianity, following its predecessor Judaism, falls into the latter class; but this class is, at any rate in Western Europe, by no means the older. Men worshipped spirits of the earth before they worshipped spirits of the sky.
If one may make an extremely rough generalisation of the work of archaeologists in the classical lands of the Mediterranean, it may be laid down that the first peoples of that region of whom we have knowledge were agriculturists who worshipped earth deities, and buried their dead ; while, at a later date, they were encroached upon by, and ultimately fused with, pastoral invaders from the north, a taller fairer race who worshipped sky and storm deities and practised cremation. If in the light of some of these researches we consider the various points of the Apple Tree Wassail we shall begin to see some connection between our folk custom and the religions of the ancient world.
The ritual song and the ritual dance are both expressions of the same idea. The dance expresses the result in action, the song is an expression of the wish in words. Thus the first men to dance round the tree, in the hope that a crop might be secured to them, were performing in their early world a species of primitive ballet, endeavouring to depict in action and to sing in words the ideas of life and fertility; they imitated the desired result by showing themselves in possession of health, vigour, strength and agility.
The problem that presents itself at this point is: why they should dance round the tree ? The answer is that, just as gods have been made in the form of men and in the form of animals, so we are beginning to learn they have also been made in the form of plants. The tree is, if it may be so expressed, a kind of super-plant. It has an intimate connection with the earth. It towers in the air and it is strong and, generally speaking, has a long life. It is extremely likely that originally the ceremony which we are considering was not performed round an Apple Tree at all, but round some forest tree, in all likelihood an Oak. This is perfectly easy to understand if it be remembered that primitive man has connected the idea of life, as expressed in plant or animal, not merely with the plants which he eats or the animal which he uses for food, but with those which are not good for this purpose. Thus we have Snake Tribes and Rat
Tribes when, generally speaking, the snake or rat is not a common article of diet. Totemism is far older and has exercised far more influence in religious developement than any idea of prayer for actual food. Thus assuming that originally our tree was a forest tree, that the religious idea grew weaker and weaker, and that people began to query why they did this thing, the ceremony, to make it appear more rational, would be transferred to a tree whose crop was actually of value as food, and in such a district as South-west England the natural tree to select would be the apple tree.
In the libation of cider we have an obvious magical survival. The cider is simply apple-juice, the blood of the tree, drawn from it last year. It may be assumed still to contain the life of the tree and is, therefore, poured back upon the roots or upon the trunk during the dead season of the winter in order that the tree may once more blossom and bear fruit. It carries from one season to another life and growth.
In this connection it may be interesting to note that the sacred tree and the sacred pillar are considered to be merely two aspects of the same thing. The tree is a living sacred pillar, a pillar is a petrified tree. Each is the house of a god or spirit, the place of its indwelling, a central point between the spiritual and material worlds.
Jacob, when he set up the Stone of Bethel, poured on it .wine and oil in consecration and named it the "House of God," thereby indicating that for him at least it w r as the dwelling-place of the God of his fathers whom he proposed to serve.
The cider poured on the tree is not a drink for the spirit dwelling there. It is a rather more magical rite, indicating that the celebrant is trying to bring about a desired result by assuming it done. He pours cider because he wants cider next year.
In the sacred dance we have imitated the desired result; in the song we have expressed our wishes and hopes in words; by pouring cider we have done our best by physical means to secure that a comparatively dead tree will come to life. All this belongs to a very .early stage in religious thought, when gods and spirits are scarcely as yet conceived as such. Primitive man thinks not so much of deities as of divinities vague, half understood forces at work something like that which the natives of Melanesia call " mana." And this word is so expressive that it has passed into current anthropological jargon. Thus we have hitherto dealt only with forces which are more or less impersonal and can be controlled by magic, spirits not requiring to be sought in prayer because they are not regarded as possessing definite personal wills. It is the great distinction between magic and religion as we know it. With the former it is a matter of knowing how to do the right thing, while the latter is a question of personal relationship with a being. Now the noise brings us to the stage in which a being is introduced.
The shouting, stamping, and gun-firing, while they may in some measure express the joy of life, yet none the less are intended to awaken the spirit in the tree who has fallen asleep during the winter and must be aroused in good time if he is to do his work in the coming spring. Elijah's taunt to the prophets of Baal was not merely sarcastic : to those w r ho heard it meant something real. They were used to shouting to wake up their god when they had any particularly heavy work on hand for him to do. So the Wassailers shout to arouse the spirit of the tree.
The toast in the branches takes us one step further. Toast which is intended to disappear is obviously of no use unless it is consumed by somebody or something, and we have here an instance of the actual offering made to a god or spirit. It is rather interesting to query whether it is given in order that the god may do something in return, or as a bribe to induce him to refrain from doing harm. As a matter of fact in early religion God and the Devil are very much one and the same. It might be noticed in this connection that the vegetation spirit in Syrian mythology is Adonis, and his connection with Aphrodite is a matter of common knowledge. Aphrodite is always accompanied by birds her doves have become a proverb. Is it then too fantastic to suggest that here in
Central Somerset we have a direct survival of rites which in the golden days of Greece centred round the worship of the Maiden of the Sea-Foam?
I have already hinted at what is possibly an explanation of the survival of such rites as tree-cults in Britain. There seems very little doubt that such cults were originally the property of a people who were agriculturists, whose religion was the worship of earth divinities and who buried their dead. We know as a matter of certainty that this was the case in pre-historic times in Greece and other lands around the Mediterranean.
The early culture of Crete, of Mycenae and of the traditional site of Troy has afforded abundant evidence of the fact that the phenomena which I have just mentioned occurred together. Moreover from the same sources we know that at some time a pastoral people worshipping Olympian deities came down upon the Mediterranean from the North and were fused with the original inhabitants of the basin, the result of which fusion can be seen in the strangely assorted collection of gods and goddesses which make up the Hellenic and Latin Pantheons.
Now it is a well-known fact that, even when one race is conquered by another, the ideas and institutions of the conquered survive with strange persistence.
Thus there will be no cause for surprise if it be suggested that vegetation cults have persisted from very early times, and through various stages of civilisation, down to the modern world. It remains for us now to endeavour to connect the known facts of the Mediterranean area with the survivals which we find in our own country. I would suggest as a basis for further investigation a theory somewhat on these lines:
Tradition and modern research alike lead us to believe that, when the Mediterranean race was squeezed between the mountains and the sea by the increasing pressure of the northern invaders, an outlet of escape was found in the far west, along the Spanish shores and into Gaul. The peculiar religious observances of an agricultural people can be traced along this route and into Britain. The traces of Neolithic culture in this country show that we are dealing with a people whose physical features, as far as can be ascertained, resemble those which Sergi has ascribed to the Mediterranean race; a people whose religious observances, so far as any evidence remains to us, were akin to those of primitive dwellers in the Mediterranean basin, and whose belief in future life and survival after death was connected with the under-world rather than with a heaven in the sky. I would suggest then that, in common with other survivals of tree-worship and vegetation cult, the Apple Tree Wassail is a survival of that common stock of religious experience possessed by those early inhabitants of Southern and Western Europe whom tradition has called in various places by the names of Pelasgians, Ligurians and Iberians.
These people, whom we know to have contributed to later Greek religion those elements dealing with the under-world, the gods of the sea, the vegetation demons and those divine or semi-divine beings who possess the power of appearing in the form of beasts such as Dionysus would, as long as they remain agriculturists, practise their particular cults; and that these would, moreover, be learnt by any races who came into contact with them who wished to change from the wandering pastoral life to the more settled occupation of agriculture. Primitive man knew very well that it was useless to carry on an occupation until he had first of all put himself right with the spirits whose special concern that occupation was. This fact alone would explain how the ceremony could survive through various changes of civilisation and religion, and would also explain why so many of these customs have been able to make honourable terms even with triumphant Christianity.
The Apple Tree Wassail is one of the more obscure of these ancient rites, but it is none the less interesting, and I have endeavoured to put forward an analysis of its elements and a suggestion as to the lines on which further investigation may be pursued.
Note. An article in Folk-lore, Volume XXXI, page 307, by Miss M. A. Berkeley, in commenting on some of the conclusions reached by Miss J. L. Weston in her work From Ritual to Romance, points out that Avalon in Afalon has the traditional interpretation of the " Isle of Apples," and that Mr. Cook has in the "European Sky and Tree God " connected the " Apple tree of Avallach " the "god" of Avalon with magic trees of Irish legends and with the grove of Nemi. After shewing the connection of the Holy Thorn with sacred trees in general Miss Berkeley proceeds to set out evidence for the existence of an important and widely-known cult of the life principle at Glastonbury in early, and even in historic, times. The whole of the article is most suggestive in connection with the persistence of the apple cult in Somerset in modern times.
Posted in Dorset County Museum, Folklore, History, Local History	| Tagged Apple, Cecil Sharp, Cider, Custom, Dance, Dorset, Dorset County Museum, Dorset Natural History and Archaeolgical Society, Folk, Folklore, Golden Bough, James Frazer, January, John Symonds Udal, Music, New Year, Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Societ, Somerset, Songs, Tradition, Tree, Wassail	| Leave a reply


This wintry dish from the French Alps is comfort food at its very best.
Place the potato in a large pan of cold salted water. Bring to the boil over high heat and cook for 3 minutes. Drain well.
Melt the butter in a large frypan over medium-low heat. Add the onion and cook, stirring occasionally, for 5 minutes or until soft. Add the garlic, thyme and speck or pancetta, and cook, stirring, for 5 minutes. Stir in the wine, cream, potato and most of the cheese.
Transfer the mixture to a large baking dish and top with remaining cheese. Cover with baking paper to prevent the cheese sticking, then a layer of foil. Bake for 20 minutes, then remove the foil and baking paper. Bake for a further 20 minutes or until bubbling and golden.
This dish comes from the French Alps. Speck, a German-style smoked bacon, is from selected delis and butchers; substitute streaky bacon. Raclette and reblochon are from delis and specialty cheese shops; substitute gruyere.


According to the breed standard of the Cat Fanciers' Association, the American Shorthair is a true breed of working cat.
According to the CFA, American Shorthairs are low-maintenance cats that are generally healthy, easy-going, affectionate with owners and social with strangers. Males are significantly larger than females, weighing eleven to fifteen pounds when fully grown. Mature females weigh eight to twelve pounds when they achieve full growth at three to four years of age. With a quality diet and plenty of attention, love, and care, they can live 15 years or longer, requiring annual vaccinations and veterinary checkups. These cats have solidly built, powerful, and muscular bodies with well-developed shoulders, chests, and hindquarters.


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Villaroux is een gemeente in het Franse departement Savoie (regio Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes) en telt 195 inwoners (1999). De plaats maakt deel uit van het arrondissement Chambéry.

Geografie
De oppervlakte van Villaroux bedraagt 3,1 km², de bevolkingsdichtheid is 62,9 inwoners per km².

Demografie
Onderstaande figuur toont het verloop van het inwonertal (bron: INSEE-tellingen).

Gemeente in Savoie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As a romance novelist, I sometimes wonder what kind of a difference my books are making to people's lives. So when one of my readers reached out to me and said that my books and other romance novels she'd read had helped her get out of her emptiness and made her feel again, I was touched. It also inspired me to think about what reading romance has done for me.
I've loved reading romance since my early teens, and I often finish a book in one sitting even if I have to sacrifice a few hours of sleep to get to the last page. So what do I get from reading all those books?
Reading romance books makes me happy, plain and simple. It's one of my favorite forms of entertainment. I love reading about two people going through difficult challenges to get their happily-ever-after. It's a form of escape that I can experience wherever and whenever I want, especially since I don't mind reading on my phone, which I always have with me.
Oh, yes, I've cried with the characters many times. Years ago, there was a particular scene in a book (unfortunately I can't remember the title of it now) that brought me to tears each and every time I read it. The scene was about the hero losing all hope that the heroine could ever have feelings for him. He'd believed he could never win her heart.
I was hurting at the time, but I didn't want to admit to myself exactly how much. That book was there to help me let it all out. I found myself opening up the pages to that scene just to have that cathartic experience.
I once shared with a close friend that I wondered if I'm giving enough service to people with my job of writing romance novels. (Yeah, I was having one of those moments, lol!) She told me that when she reads my books, she gets a feeling of hope.
Not only that, but reading about loss, lies, betrayal and danger happening to the characters also reminded me that I wasn't the only one coping with life's challenges, which somehow made it easier for me to dust myself off and get back on my feet. Sure, the stories I was reading were fiction, but it wasn't a stretch for me to believe they could be happening in real life because of the wonderful writing talents and skills of the authors.
So those are my top three reasons why I love reading romance novels. And now, as a writer of such books, I'm humbled that I can pay it forward.
Miranda P. Charles is the author of more than eighteen steamy and stirring contemporary romance novels.
She prefers to spend her time in front of her laptop, putting into words the love stories that play in her head. Don't get her started with reading a great book, though, because she has the tendency to not put it down until she gets to the last page.
She does have a life outside of books. Mostly, that consists of bonding with family and friends or going on romantic trips with her awesome husband (who, thankfully, puts up with her hermit-like daily routine). Oh, yeah, there's also the housework. But she really wishes someone else could do that for her so she could get back to her books!
She lives in the beautiful city of Sydney, Australia. Miranda would love to connect with you!
Subscribe to her newsletter, like her Facebook fan page, follow her on Twitter, or follow her on BookBub. She's also on Instagram.
Join Miranda's Mermaids: The Official Reader Group of Miranda P. Charles. Chat with Miranda and other readers about her stories, help her with character names, give her feedbacks on covers and ad images, have fun with contests and giveaways, and many more. Miranda's Mermaids is a closed Facebook group. Click to ask to join.


I've been using the Hempz Triple Moisture Shampoo and Conditioner for the last few months now. Now it's finally ran out and I've purchased the Hempz Vanilla Plum range instead I wanted to quickly discuss how amazing their haircare really is.
It's not on the cheap side with the Shampoo and Conditioner coming in at around £30 but it's so so worth it. This is a professional salon brand that's enriched with 100% Hemp Seed Oil. My hair has completely changed since using it - it's now so much healthier and softer. It's probably due to getting it cut more frequently also but I honestly think that investing in good haircare makes all the difference.


text: Music bot for Discord using Discord.NET

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
The "Associazione"
The instruments
Select English Italian
The new website www.smaranoacademy.com is online.
Christoph Bossert
Edoardo Maria Bellotti
Federico Andreoni
Francesco Cera
Gustav Leonhardt
Hans Davidsson
Jacques van Oortmerssen
Joel Speerstra
Massimiliano Guido
Pamela Ruiter-Feenstra
Pieter Dirksen
Reidar Hauge
Roberto Fresco
Simone Vebber
Thérèse de Goede
Tsuguo Hirono
Ulrika Daviddson
Ulrike Heider
Umberto Forni
William Dongois
Roberto Fresco is Organist at Santa María la Real de La Almudena, Cathedral of Madrid, and Organ Professor at the Real Conservatorio Superior de Música in Madrid
He was born in Astorga in 1967. He commences his organ studies with Miguel del Barco at the Real Conservatorio Superior de Música in Madrid. He continues his career with Montserrat Torrent focusing mainly upon Iberian Ancient Music and completes his formation with Michael Radulescu at the Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst of Vienna.
He has toured Europe, the U.S.A., South America and the Philippines as a performer. He usually works together with soloists and choral as well as instrumental ensembles. His repertoire is extensive from 16th century music to Avant-garde production and has performed for the first time new music for organ in several events.
He has also produced numerous recordings which include Spanish Antique and Contemporary music performed on historical organs such as the one in Segovia Cathedral or on recently built instruments like in Auditorio Manuel de Falla of Granada and in the Cathedral of Alcalá de Henares.
He has also been professor for organ and harpsichord at the Schools of Music in Palencia, Salamanca and Madrid. Nowadays he is professor at the Seminario Conciliar de la Inmaculada y San Dámaso of Madrid.
He is the founder and director of Fray Joseph de Echevarria Organ Academy, master classes given at the historical organs in Tierra de Campos.
Province of Trento Municipality of Smarano Municipality of Coredo
COPYRIGHT & DISCLAIMER - This website and the material herein are provided 'as is', without any representation or endorsement made and without warranty of any kind whether express or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of non-infringement, compatibility, security and accuracy.
This website and its content is copyright of Associazione Culturale Monsignor Celestino Eccher. All rights reserved. Any redistribution or reproduction of part or all of the contents in any form is prohibited. You may print or download to a local hard disk extracts for your personal and non-commercial use. You may not, except with the express written permission of the Associazione, distribute or commercially exploit the content.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Proceeding from the International Symposium and Educational Workshop on Fish-marking Techniques, held in Seattle, WA, June 1988 Landmark coverage of external, internal, electronic, genetic, and chemical tags and marks, with emphasis on methodology, tag evaluation, data analysis, and program applications. This book is intended for fish ecologists, researchers, stock assessment biologists, and fisheries managers.
All fish ecologists will find this a valuable source of practical information on a wide range of methods, even including DNA fingerprinting. The book on field methods will be of more direct use to managers when it appears, but researchers and stock assessment biologists will find the symposium volume an essential reference for the detail it provides.


Dead Rising developer is bringing back Capcom's classic Puzzle Fighter series for iOS and Android.
Capcom's superdeformed puzzle game benefits greatly from the inclusion of online play.
Two Resident Evil HD remasters, Okami HD, and more can be yours.
The Street Fighter 25th Anniversary Global Tournament makes it second qualifying stop in New York on August 11-12.
The hero of the Street Fighter series brings his mighty dragon punch to bear in the All-Time Greatest Game Hero competition.
Superdeformed puzzle action on the 360! Check out this gameplay clip from Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo HD Remix.
Take a look at some footage of Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo HD Remix.
Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo HD Remix debuts on the PSN for a pretty penny.
Console maker polling Xbox Live users to elect the best downloadable 360 games of 2007; winners announced during GDC 08.
Capcom delivers a double-shot of news as it lays out its PlayStation Store and Xbox Live Arcade slate in London.
Super Puzzle Fighter action comes to Xbox Live Arcade! Check out this gameplay clip from Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo HD Remix.
We busted some jewels and some heads in this revamped Xbox Live! version of a puzzle classic.
Sony's online store updated with Capcom's puzzle fighter and add-on for Namco Bandai's brawler; demos for Tiger Woods 08, NASCAR 08, and All-Pro Football 2K8.
Quintet of heavy hitters join Dynasty Warriors: Gundam and downloadables such as Super Puzzle Fighter II and Ghouls 'n Ghosts; Guild Wars and Medieval II expansions also due.
Capcom's classic puzzle brawler headed to Microsoft's, Sony's online arcades as part of each platform's weekly update.
While it may not be a pixel-perfect port, Super Puzzle Fighter II Turbo for the GBA still stands as one of the best Tetris-style puzzle games ever made.


Hutchinson-based Peel's Salon Services was looking to expand its east-side location, and it didn't have to look far. Next month the business will move from 2,700 square feet at Carriage Parkway just east of Central and Edgemoor to a new 5,400-square-foot space there.
"It's been an established location," says president Bob Peel . "It's been good for us."
Peel is the fourth generation of his family to run the 73-year-old company.
The store, which is not open to the public, will open in the new space Sept. 15.
It turns out the new Jimmy's Egg that's going in front of Max Cole's Office This development at 4031 E. Harry will replace the one just west of 21st and Amidon.
Hartman didn't want to wait for the new Walmart Neighborhood Market to open at Marina Lakes on the southwest corner of the intersection and hope that his business increased.
"You cannot continually develop and plan your future around a Walmart," Hartman says. "Yes, they drive traffic, but we have a breakfast concept, and it doesn't really tie into being around a Walmart."
The Jimmy's Egg by Office This will open within 45 days.
Hartman has one more planned by the end of the year. He's close to a lease on the west side of College Hill and could have the restaurant open by Thanksgiving.
Intrust Bank Arena has proven to be a good test kitchen for Carlos O'Kelly's .
Jon Rolph says dishes prepared at his family's chain of restaurants usually take about seven-to-10 minutes of prep time.
"When you're at an arena, you've got to do it in about 20 seconds."
That's what led to the invention of the Baja Chicken Wrap .
"We played around with a bunch of different (dishes), and this rose to the top," Rolph says.
"We were really surprised at how many people would be at the arena and then come in (our restaurants) and request it."
So now, the wrap will be on the Carlos O'Kelly's menu along with the cilantro lime rice that's used to make it.
"I wouldn't be surprised ... if we don't discover some new opportunities," Rolph says of other menu items born at the arena.
The wide range of customers helps, he says.
"You get to see rockers, you get to see country music lovers and hockey moms all in one place throughout the year."


text:
Phoenix Officer Shot During Shootout Wednesday
By Kevin Conklin
A Phoenix police officer was shot after a wild police chase that was bookended with two separate shootouts involving the same suspect Wednesday night. Phoenix Police Sergeant Mercedes Fortune says officers first contacted the suspect near 43rd Avenue and Bethany Home Road just after 7:30 pm.
The suspect and officers exchanged gunfire and the suspect eventually fled the scene. Police helicopters were able to keep an eye on the fleeing vehicle as it sped through the city. The vehicle was eventually stopped using stop strips. Once the suspect's vehicle stopped near 44th Street and Thomas he engaged police in another shootout.
One officer was shot during the second shootout. Fortune says that officer was wearing a bulletproof vest and was hit in the vest. The officer was taken to the hospital and is expected to recover. The suspect was also hit in the second shootout and was transported to the hospital in serious condition.
Police are still investigating the situations.


In 1987, I spent three weeks in what was then the Soviet Union as a student ambassador. We stopped in Moscow and St. Petersburg (which was still Leningrad back then), in Sochi and Azerbaijan, in the Baltic capitals of Tallinn and Riga. We saw some amazing, beautiful things while we were there, and met kind and thoughtful people. And maybe one day I'll tell you about that, but today I'm going to talk about the place that made the deepest impression of all.
When the Nazis invaded the USSR, they expanded their extermination program, collecting Jewish people and anyone else they deemed undesirable and transporting them to concentration camps to the west. They built places like Salaspils, outside Riga, collection points from which they'd ship their victims.
Nazis committed horrible crimes at the transit camps, too. Maybe not on the scale of a place like Auschwitz or Bergen-Belsen, but still sickening, in the inhumane treatment of innocent human beings, the cruelty, the callous disregard for life and families and the most basic principles of morality.
Until that day, the Holocaust was something of which I was aware, but only on a superficial level (yes, genocide=bad). It was a terrible thing that had happened far in the past, but it seemed to intersect little, if at all, with my fortunate life. But walking through the remnants of the camp, seeing the pictures, hearing the stories of families torn asunder . . . It made me think, on a level I hadn't before, about what it all meant, the big picture, but also the individual lives.
I've tried three or four times to write a stunning conclusion to this, and I can't believe the things I feel I ought to say. Like, "Torturing people is a bad idea for a lot of reasons." Or, "It's a bad precedent to turn legal residents away at the border and keep them from their families and jobs." Or, God help us, "When I was a kid, 'alternative facts' were known as lying and no one approved."
Here's the thing about power based on fear: The people who hold it always have to generate more fear to keep that power. They always have to have someone, something, to destroy. The rest of us are just a means to an end for those who think that way, and being a true believe will not save you once you cease to be useful.
The ghosts of the past are calling out from their haunted ground. Will we listen to their warning?


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Plans to use the main road through Trowse as an access point for a major construction project have been strongly opposed by villagers at a parish council meeting.
Permission has already been granted for 75 homes to be built in the Arminghall Settlement, however, the planned access route has changed.
Originally, access to the site was planned via White Horse Lane, where an access junction is currently being built by Norfolk Homes.
But as the junction is not yet complete, the Arminghall Settlement is now seeking permission to use the main road in the village, The Street, enabling them to access the site via Hudson Avenue.
Sarah Simpson, director of transport and planning at Royal HaskoningDHV, said the plan was not ideal, but was necessary.
The Arminghall Settlement is proposing it accesses the site through the village on a temporary basis, until the first 45 units are complete.
However, villagers argued that the route is neither safe or suitable.
A planning solicitor suggested the Arminghall Settlement was jeopardising the safety of villagers to avoid negotiating a price for access via Norfolk Homes' junction on White Horse Lane.
Many others voiced their concern that the roads were not suitable for heavy goods vehicles, saying the village was a conservation area full of children.
Mrs Simpson explained that traffic management systems would be put in place – an explanation that was greeted with loud groans of disapproval.


text:
Q: Monoidal category that is not spacial Selinger ("A survery of graphical languages for monoidal categories", 2009) defines a "spacial monoidal category" as one that satisifies the following string-diagram axiom

This diagram says that for every $h : I \to I$ and object $A$,
$$ \rho_A \circ (\text{id}_A \otimes h) \circ \rho^{-1}_A =  \lambda_A \circ (h \otimes \text{id}_A) \circ \lambda_A^{-1},$$ where $\lambda_A$ and $\rho_A$ are the left and right unitors.
What is an example of a monoidal category that is not spacial by this definition?

A: If your monoidal category is the fundamental 2-groupoid of a space, then this is exactly asking whether $\pi_1$ acts trivially on $\pi_2$ or not (or more precisely, that equality is saying that $A \in \pi_1$ acts trivially on $h \in \pi_2$).  If I remember right, $\mathbb{R}P^2$ gives the easiest to understand counterexample.

A: An example I learned about in Khovanov's "Heisenberg algebra and a graphical calculus", 2010, is the restriction and induction functors for the infinite chain $S_0\subset S_1\subset S_2\subset\cdots$ of symmetric groups.  This is also explained in Likeng and Savage, "Embedding Deligne's category $\operatorname{Rep}(S_t)$ in the Heisenberg category," 2019.
Let $\mathcal{S}=\prod_{m\in\mathbb{N}}\bigoplus_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\mathrm{Bim}{(S_n,S_m)}$, where each $\mathrm{Bim}(S_n,S_m)$ is the category of $(S_n,S_m)$-modules over a field $k$.  This has a monoidal structure given by tensor products of compatible bimodules, with the monoidal unit being $I=\prod_{m}k[S_m]$ with each $k[S_m]$ as an $(S_m,S_m)$-module.  We may regard $(S_n,S_m)$-modules as objects of $\mathcal{S}$ by setting all non-$m$ indices to the $0$ bimodule.
The induction functor $\mathrm{Ind}_{S_n}^{S_{n+1}}$ can be given as an object $$\mathrm{Ind}=\prod_{n\geq 1} {}_n(k[S_n])_{n-1},$$ where the subscript notation means $k[S_n]$ is treated as an $(S_n,S_{n-1})$-module.  This gives induction in the sense that, for each $S_n$-module $M$, the object $\mathrm{Ind}\otimes M$ is $\operatorname{Ind}_{S_n}^{S_{n+1}}M$.  Similarly, restriction is given by $$\mathrm{Res}=\prod_{n\geq 1}{}_{n-1}(k[S_n])_n.$$
Just as induction and restriction are biadjoint functors, the $\mathrm{Ind}$ and $\mathrm{Res}$ objects are left and right duals to each other.  Two of the four associated pairings and copairings are $\mathrm{Ind}\otimes\mathrm{Res} \to I$ and $I\to \mathrm{Ind}\otimes\mathrm{Res}$.
Since $$\mathrm{Ind}\otimes\mathrm{Res} =\prod_{n\geq 1} {}_{n}(k[S_n]\otimes_{S_{n-1}}k[S_n])_n,$$
we may give their definitions in the form
\begin{align*}
\mathrm{Ind}\otimes\mathrm{Res} &\to I\\
(g\otimes h&\mapsto gh)_{n\geq 1}\\
\end{align*}
and
\begin{align*}
I &\to \mathrm{Ind}\otimes\mathrm{Res}\\
(g& \mapsto \sum_{i=1}^n gg_i\otimes g_i^{-1})_{n\geq 1},
\end{align*}
where $g_1,\dots,g_n\in S_n$ form a set of coset representatives for $S_n/S_{n-1}$.
The composition $h:I\to \mathrm{Ind}\otimes\mathrm{Res} \to I$ of these is $h=(n\operatorname{id})_{n\geq 1}$.
We can calculate
\begin{align*}
\operatorname{id}_{\mathrm{Ind}}\otimes h &= ((n-1)\operatorname{id})_{n\geq 1}\\
h\otimes \operatorname{id}_{\mathrm{Ind}} &= (n\operatorname{id})_{n\geq 1},
\end{align*}
and therefore $\mathcal{S}$ is not spacial.
Graphically, this is that counter-clockwise loops cannot be dragged across an upward strand, imagining $\mathrm{Ind}$ as an up-arrow and $\mathrm{Res}$ as a down arrow.

A: One of the simplest examples of a non-spacial category is $\mathrm{End}(\mathrm{Vec}^{\oplus 2})$, the category of $2\times2$ matrices with vector space coefficients. Working over a field $\mathbb k$, this is a multifusion category with four simple objects:
$$ \begin{pmatrix} \mathbb k & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \mathbb k \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ \mathbb k & 0 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \mathbb k \end{pmatrix}$$
and the tensor product is just matrix multiplication (with tensor product and direct sum of vector spaces, of course). The monoidal unit is not simple:
$$ \mathbb{1} = \begin{pmatrix} \mathbb k & 0 \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix} \oplus \begin{pmatrix} 0 & 0 \\ 0 & \mathbb k \end{pmatrix}.$$
In particular, the endomorphisms of the monoidal unit is the commutative ring $\mathbb k \oplus \mathbb k$ (with componentwise addition and multiplication). Consider the endomorphism
$$ h = (\alpha,\beta) \in \mathrm{End}(\mathbb 1)$$
and object
$$ A = \begin{pmatrix} 0 & \mathbb k \\ 0 & 0 \end{pmatrix}.$$
Then one of your diagrams evaluates to $\alpha \, \mathrm{id}_A$ and the other one evaluates to $\beta \, \mathrm{id}_A$.
Remark: Write $R = \mathrm{End}(\mathbb 1) = \mathbb k \oplus \mathbb k$. Then it is an associative $\mathbb k$-algebra, and the multifusion category above is the monoidal category of $R$-$R$ bimodules. Categories of bimodules are typically not spacial except when the algebra has trivial (i.e. one-dimensional) centre. A fun example to think through is to consider $\mathbb C$ as an $\mathbb R$-algebra. Then the category of $\mathbb C$-$\mathbb C$ bimodules has two simple objects (Exercise: why?), and is not spacial (Exercise: why not?).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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London house removals can be stressful, off course this is the case no matter where your house is located in the UK; but there is no denying that England's capital throws up some extra challenges. Not only is it extremely busy, but also it is notoriously difficult to drive around, which is why most people prefer using public transport. Access can often be an issue for a lot of properties in London as well.
This is why it is extremely important to arrange a free survey with any removal companies you are considering before you go ahead and use their service. This is something that should be offered to you free of charge. During the survey, a professional from the removal firm will come to your property to assess how many belongings need moving and whether there will be any other challenges along the way. They will take a look to see if there will be any potential access problems and they will check if you have any items that require special care and handling. They will also look for anything else that could drive the costs up; for example, whether you have to pay for parking while loading up the van.
This practical survey is a means by which all removal companies UK wide, not just those in London, can put together an accurate price before beginning the job and makes sure that there are no nasty surprises. This ensures both parties are on the same page, so be sure to ask for this service before you accept any quotations.
London house removals are cheaper when you choose Removals Index. In fact, you can expect to save up to 40 per cent by using our comparison service at https://www.removals-index.com/. What makes us different from other cost-compare websites is that we specialise in removals and we genuinely care about our customers.
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text:
import sublime
import sublime_plugin
import re
import sys

PYTHON = sys.version_info[0]

if 3 == PYTHON:
    # Python 3 and ST3
    from . import case_parse
else:
    # Python 2 and ST2
    import case_parse

SETTINGS_FILE = "CaseConversion.sublime-settings"

def to_snake_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    return '_'.join([w.lower() for w in words])

def to_screaming_snake_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    return '_'.join([w.upper() for w in words])

def to_pascal_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    return ''.join(words)

def to_camel_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    words[0] = words[0].lower()
    return ''.join(words)

def to_dot_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    return '.'.join([w.lower() for w in words])

def to_dash_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    return '-'.join([w.lower() for w in words])

def to_slash(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms, True)
    return '/'.join(words)

def to_backslash(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms, True)
    return '\\'.join(words)

def to_separate_words(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms, True)
    return ' '.join(words)

def toggle_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms):
    words, case, sep = case_parse.parseVariable(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    if case == 'pascal' and not sep:
        return to_snake_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    elif case == 'lower' and sep == '_':
        return to_camel_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    elif case == 'camel' and not sep:
        return to_pascal_case(text, detectAcronyms, acronyms)
    else:
        return text

def run_on_selections(view, edit, func):
    settings = sublime.load_settings(SETTINGS_FILE)
    detectAcronyms = settings.get("detect_acronyms", True)
    useList = settings.get("use_acronyms_list", True)
    if useList:
        acronyms = settings.get("acronyms", [])
    else:
        acronyms = False

    for s in view.sel():
        region = s if s else view.word(s)

        text = view.substr(region)
        # Preserve leading and trailing whitespace
        leading = text[:len(text)-len(text.lstrip())]
        trailing = text[len(text.rstrip()):]
        new_text = leading + func(text.strip(), detectAcronyms, acronyms) + trailing
        if new_text != text:
            view.replace(edit, region, new_text)

class ToggleSnakeCamelPascalCommand(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, toggle_case)

class ConvertToSnakeCommand(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_snake_case)

class ConvertToScreamingSnakeCommand(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_screaming_snake_case)

class ConvertToCamel(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_camel_case)

class ConvertToPascal(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_pascal_case)

class ConvertToDot(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_dot_case)

class ConvertToDash(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_dash_case)

class ConvertToSeparateWords(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_separate_words)

class ConvertToSlash(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_slash )

class ConvertToBackSlash(sublime_plugin.TextCommand):
    def run(self, edit):
        run_on_selections(self.view, edit, to_backslash )


Home › News › Welcome to our new Website!!!
In respond to popular demand, we have finally rebuild our website to provide a more user-friendly interface and better service. We have so many music items, and a very small part is online for the moment. We will continue to work on bringing more items from our brick-and-motar store online.


text:
Q: Updating Data Model with Firebase On the View load, I want to update the favorite value of the ImageDataModel according to Firebase Realtime Database.
//ImageDataModel.swift

struct ImageDataModel {
    var image: String
    var title: String
    var favorite: String
}

extension ImageDataModel {
    static var data: [ImageDataModel] = [
        ImageDataModel(image: "image_1", title: "XXXXX", favorite: "N"),
        ImageDataModel(image: "image_2", title: "YYYYY", favorite: "N"),
        ImageDataModel(image: "image_3", title: "ZZZZZ", favorite: "N")
    ]
}

Initial View
struct ImageStepView: View {

var data: ImageDataModel
var ref: DatabaseReference = Database.database().reference()
var userID = UIDevice.current.identifierForVendor!.uuidString

var body: some View {

    VStack{
        ...
    }.onAppear { self.getFavoriteImages() }
}

func getFavoriteImages(){

    ref.child("users").child(userID).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
        let value = snapshot.value as? NSDictionary
        print("value::",value ?? "") // value:: {"image_1" = "Y"; "image_3" = "Y";}

        //Here I want to update the ImageDataModel

    }) { (error) in
        print(error.localizedDescription)
    }
  }
}

For example, If Firebase returned value contains {"image_1" = "Y"; "image_3" = "Y";} than I want to update my ImageDataModel like this:
extension ImageDataModel {
        static var data: [ImageDataModel] = [
            ImageDataModel(image: "image_1", title: "XXXXX", favorite: "Y"),
            ImageDataModel(image: "image_2", title: "YYYYY", favorite: "N"),
            ImageDataModel(image: "image_3", title: "ZZZZZ", favorite: "Y")
        ]
    }

//Firebase Data Structure Example
{
  "A9E41390-7557-4FE3-A319-B4472048AF94" : {
    "image_1" : "Y",
    "image_3" : "Y"
  }
}

I'm not sure if this is the best approach but I will really appreciate any help.

A: It seems like you have a list of child nodes under each user ID. You'll want to in that case loop over snapshot.children to get each child node as a DataSnapshot.
ref.child("users").child(userID).observeSingleEvent(of: .value, with: { (snapshot) in
    for child in snapshot.children.allObjects as! [DataSnapshot] {
        let childKey = child.key
        let childValue = child.value as! String

        let model = ImageDataModel(image: childKey, title: "???", favorite: childValue)

        ...
    }
}) { (error) in
    print(error.localizedDescription)
}


Agnes George received her Bachelor's degree in Physics from Mahatma Gandhi University (Kerala, India) in 2015 and her Master's from Christ University (Karnataka, India) in 2017. During her studies, she worked on projects in Materials Science and Optics, including thin film and nanoparticle preparation and their characterization as well as the emission lifetime of fluorescent molecules. Later, she joined the Light and Matter Physics (LAMP) group in the Raman Research Institute (Bangalore, India) to work in Ultrafast and Nonlinear Optics under the supervision of Prof. Reji Philip. Her project focused on the nonlinear optical characterization of materials and laser produced plasma. Agnes is an INSPIRE scholar. She joined the group Nonlinear Photonics group as a doctoral student under the supervision of Prof. Roberto Morandotti. Her work will focus on the characterization of nanolasers.


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Wesley R. Edens, Randal Nordone, and Rob Kauffman are the founders of Fortress Investment Group, an investment firm which was created in 1998. The investment company has been operating from their Headquarters which are located in New York. Fortress Investment Group prides itself to be the first private equity company to be publicly traded in 2007 in the New York Security Exchange. The firm expanded tremendously, and in 2014 it was recognized as the Hedge Fund of the Year an award presented to them by the Institutional Investor, as well as Management Firm of the year by HFMWeek.Ever since the foundation of the organization, it has been acquiring other companies …..


What sort of experiences have you had with mental illness...your own, or others'?
I work as a transcriptionist for a psychiatrist and a psychologist, and so I've read terribly sad stories of severe mental illness. We've been fortunate that there has been no serious mental illness in our family, at least not to the degree I encounter each day. But my aunt is at present in the early stages of Alzheimers, and it is painful to watch this one bright, clear mind begin to show cobwebs. It's more painful because she's still aware of what's going on. When she gets worse, she will blissfully be spared the knowledge of what is happening to her, while those of us who have loved her and enjoyed her keen wit will have to watch her brain die while her body lives on.
My father suffered from depression and alcoholism, and was a rage-a-holic, but looked down his nose at those who accepted professional help. I think he saw a therapist twice and decided it was a waste of time and money because "all he did was sit there." He held on to his stubborn pride in refusing to accept help through the loss of his children, his marriage, and all his friends. But by golly, he wasn't such a weakling that he'd ask anybody for help, or admit that he needed it.
I saw a brother-in-law finally go mental from alcoholism, periodically into the asylum and back out a bit, but ever deeper and finally died from it.
My sister-in-law, one of the sharpest, brightest, kindest ladies I ever knew, we saw her go into in Alzheimer's, she now is in the final stages.
Myself, made a suicide attempt, diagnosed with clinical depression. Always will be under medication, tried to wean myself, but when I detected the beginning of the downhill spiral - - I went back on the meds. I still have the SAD ailment (Seasonal Affective Disorder) and through the winter all the lights stay on in our apartment, get enough sleep, eat right and take my meds. The way it is with me now - - - - when the leaves begin to turn, my spirits drop, when they begin to fall a further drop arrives. On medication my affect stays about the same through the winter. When the air becomes milder, when the crocus bloom, the twigs start to become limber, the daffodils come up the rise in my spirits is remarkable. May time, my time.
This past winter, with the friendship of the people I have met on the web the decline in my spirits was not nearly as bad as usual. No pity party, participation allowed me to again see that many people were coping quite well with ailments worse than mine. Some people have had some of the same problems as I have had, we seem to support and encourage each other. The example of Al Schroeder through his trials is something that shines out to the world. The auto wreck of Easy Writer and her remarkable progress in recovery. Some people on the web appear to have problems that seem to be irrational to me, but probably aren't, just different than me.
I see things from the starburst of different viewpoints and my mind expands into a greater understanding of all things.
It is truly amazing, at times I am almost euphoric, at other times deeply calmed, deeply touched, deeply interested in everything. I now enjoy everything much more and do the deep belly laugh that had almost disappeared from my repertoire. I am not manic, just happy.
I wonder in this age if maybe every adult has a bit of a mental problem ? The stresses resulting from the press of not enough time, speed, money and the pressing in of crowds on the freeway and coping with road rage.
-- Denver doug (ionoi@webtv.net), April 12, 2000.
People who are involved in the psychological field of medicine (i.e. the psychologists and psychiatrists) often times do have a much higher suicide rate than those who are not in that field of medicine. As a psychologist student myself, I realize that there are so many mental illnesses out there that people suffer from and it can easily become something that ends a person's life in every sense of the word. I know a person that I work with who is agoraphobic (afraid of situations outside of the home), has social anxiety, anxiety attacks, panic attacks and suicidal tendencies. This person is on numerous drug therapies, visits the psychiatrist at least three times a week and lives a life of fear. This person will leave the house if I am along side. It has greatly effected me to know this person and become friends with this person, but this person also means the world to me because of the qualities underneath the mental illnesses.
As for myself: I was in the hospital for a medical illness and developed depression because of it. I remember attempting suicide once but never went through with it. When I look back upon how I was feeling now, I remember all too well that trapped, helpless feeling that I was faced with when I attempted to end my life. Those feelings are what has made me want to become a psychologist myself. I understand mental illnesses and have a great compassion for others with them, as well. Mostly, however, I just want to help another person deal with his/her issues and help him/her to lead a normal life. I have a close friend who is bulemic. It is a tough mental struggle for one to deal with. Having friends with eating disorders can be a hard thing to deal with if you are uncomfortable around people with mental illnesses. Eating disorders are so visible -- much harder to hide behind than a "normal" mental illness such a schizophrenia, severe depression or some kind of phobia. It is hard for me to even think of the right thing to say to this friend of mine when we talk about her eating disorder and I've been trained in the field.
I think all in all, we need to learn to accept mental illnesses and not think of them as some scarey issue that we need to hide from. If we embrace the technology that we have today with modern medicine and learn about the different mental illnesses out there (just like we learn about the common cold), the world would be a lot better off.
-- Meg (meghlcl@aol.com), April 12, 2000.


Konkona Sen Sharma is a film actor and director in The Indian film industry. This outstanding actress gives a lot of nice and thrilling movie to the spectators. She gained a lot of popularity from her starting time. Konkona Sen Sharma was born on 3rd December 1979 in Kolkata, India to an aristocratic Bengali family. Her father Mukul Sharma is a Science writer and Journalist and mother Aparna Sen is an actress and film director. Konkona's nickname is Koko. Konkona's grandfather (maternal) Chidananda Dasgupta was one of the co-founder of the Calcutta Film and grandmother Supriya Dasgupta was a cousin of Bengali poet Jibananda Das. Konkona has an elder sister named Kamalini Chatterjee. Don't forget to check Rakhi Sawant and Parineeti Chopra Biography.
Konkona Sen Sharma completed her schooling from Modern high School for Girls, Kolkata and Calcutta international School. She completed her college education from St. Stephen College, Delhi. In 2001, she had received graduation in English. For being a film related family, Konkona made her child debut in the Bengali film named "Indira" in 1983. She made her adult debut in 2000 in the film "Ek Je Aachhe Kanya" as Riya. Her other popular films are "Picnic (1989)", "Titli (2002)", "Mr. and Mrs. Iyer (2002)", "Amu (2005)", "15 Park Avenue (2005)", "Yun Hota To Kya Hota (2006)", "Laaga Chunari Mein Daag (2007)", "Aaja Nachle (2007)", "Dil Kabaddi 92008)", "Luck by Chance (2009)", "Atithi Tum Kab Jaoge (2010)", "7 Khoon Maaf (2011)", "Goynar Baksho (2013)", "Kadambari (2015)", "Akira (2016)" and so on. As a filmmaker, her successes are "Naamkoron (2006)", "A Death In The Gunj (2015)". Konkona's ex-husband name is Ranvir Shorey. She had a baby boy named Haroon.
Konkona Sen Sharma Age 37 years (as in 2017), Height 5 feet 1 inches (155 cm/1.55 m) and Weight 57 Kg (126 lbs). Her Bra Size 34B and Full Body Measurements 34-27-35 Inches. Konkona Sen Sharma's Waist Size 27 Inches and her Hip Size 35 Inches. She has Hourglass shaped Body Fitness. Her Eye Color is Dark Brown and Hair Color is Black. Feet Size 8 (US) and her Dress Size N/A. Konkona Sen Sharma Net worth 5 Million US Dollar, Her Star/Zodiac Sign is Sagittarius and her Religion/Ethnicity is Hinduism.


I'm quite a happy person and I'm blessed with 3 beautiful children. But sometimes I blow up at the smallest thing and say the most hurtful things and swear at them. My 6 year old daughter has gone to school in tears because of me losing my temper. Then I spend all day feeling guilty, crying and promising I won't do it again.
But I know I'm damaging them in the long run as I know they'll grow up remembering the things I've said. It is abuse on some levels and I feel that when I'm like this I don't deserve them.
Hello Emma, and thank you for asking for help on this site. It is very good that you want help, and that you want to do the right thing for your children. You are the most important person in their lives, and for that reason, you have more ability to help them than anyone on the planet.
I truly hear the pain you feel over having hurt your precious children. Your pain and guilt are there because you are a good person, and you love your children.
The best gift you can give your children is to be a healthy mother. So, I will give you some guidelines to follow, so that you can get healthy and be the kind of mother that you want to be.
This is not a matter of whether you deserve your children or not. You already have your children--now, the focus is how to be a good mother to them. Don't allow your guilt or self-negation take you away from the responsibility you have for them.
1) Begin doing the writing exercises on this page, starting with the "Trauma Writing." Your anger has a story behind it, and that story needs to be told. Be sure and do the other journaling processes on that page as well. This will really help you, Emma--but only if you do the journaling exactly as recommended.
2) To help you with the emotional healing you need, use these imagery processes, which will actually give you the ability to heal your own emotional wounds. These are powerful exercises, and if you use them they will literally heal the pain that is causing your anger.
3) There are many excellent audio programs on this site which you can download (or purchase the CD), which will help you with your healing and learning process.
Your children need to look into your eyes and see a woman who loves herself, Emma. If you let it, the guilt you feel will actually make your anger worse. Please do not allow that to happen.
I truly believe you are a good person, Emma, because of what you have written here. Believe in yourself and the goodness in your heart. Keep that focus as you use my recommendations to heal your emotional wounds and become more and more the woman and mother you choose to be.


text:
Hands On with the Motorola Moto Z3
Aug 2, 2018, 5:18 PM by Eric M. Zeman
The latest entry in Motorola's Moto Z series of devices is the Z3, a thin slab that's compatible with Moto Mods modular attachments. The Z3 is an improved version of the Z3 Play thanks to a better processor and camera configuration. More importantly, owners will be able to upgrade the phone to 5G on Verizon's network early next year. Here's our first look.
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The Z3 is hardly different from the Z3 Play. In fact, they are identical save for a few small details.
The Z3 keeps the general size and shape of previous Z phones, but drops the aluminum rear panel for Gorilla Glass. Together with the 6000 series aluminum frame, the Z3 is an attractive phone. Where the Z3 Play was only available in blue, the Z3 is only available in black. I like the overall look and effect of the phone, which is handsome and sleek.
The Z3 boasts a 6.01-inch 18:9 display, giving the phone a screen-to-body ration of 79%. This puts it in line with competing phones.
The screen is an AMOLED panel will full HD+ resolution. It looks good for a device at this price point. It pumped out lots of light and was easy to view outdoors under a bright sky. The resolution works well and everything on the screen was nice and sharp.
The upgraded processor means the Z3 might be compatible with Google DayDream, but Motorola is waiting for certification before it lists that as a feature. The Z3 Play was not compatible with DayDream due to its processor.
Since it would be obscured by a Mod on the rear, Motorola opted to stick the fingerprint reader on the right edge of the Z3. It works well enough after a brief adjustment period. The reader is recessed in the side of the Z3 and was easy to find and use.
The phone is a high-quality piece of hardware. The glass panels fit into the frame tightly. It is still large at more than 6 inches tall and more than 3 inches wide, but it's incredibly slim at just 6.75mm. The thin profile and slippery glass means it slips into pockets easily.
Physical controls around the frame are easy to find and use. The screen lock button, which has a textured surface, is perched on the left side of the device. This is not a great location, but it has great travel and feedback. Motorola opted for two separate volume keys, which are located above the fingerprint reader on the right edge. These keys have smooth surfaces, but excellent profiles. Feedback is satisfying. The USB-C port is on the bottom. There is no 3.5mm headphone jack (boo), but Motorola says the phone will ship with a USB-C-to-3.5mm adapter. The tray for SIM/memory cards is on the top edge.
The rear surface its typical for a Moto Mod-compatible device form Motorola. The glass panel is perfectly flat save for the huge camera module. The camera is about the size of two quarters stacked on top of one another. It has a reflective rim that sets it apart visually, if the size/shape didn't call it out enough. The copper-colored pins and magnet for the Mod system are near the bottom edge. It's a great system that Motorola did a fine job engineering when it debuted two years ago.
The phone runs Android 8 Oreo with Motorola's tasteful and helpful additions. That starts with the Moto App, which controls Moto Actions, Moto Display, and other features that make using the phone easier day in and day out. Motorola and Verizon are committing to providing system updates for two full years, or Android upgrade cycles. That's nice.
The Z3 adopts Motorola's swiping navigation user interface. It sort of resembles what we'll see on Android P later this year. Taping or swiping the very bottom of the screen brings you to the home screen. Swipe to the right to jump to the multitasking screen and swipe to the left to go back a screen. After you get used to it, it works really really well.
Motorola changed the camera configuration a little bit. Where the Z3 Play had two full-color, 12-megapixel sensors, the Z3 has one full-color sensor and one monochrome sensor. This sensor is for contrast, depth, and black=and-white pictures. This system supports features such as portrait/bokeh, spot color, cinemagraphs, cut-out mode, panorama, time-lapse, slow-motion, face filters, and a card/QR code reader. The cinemagraph mode is fun and simple to use. The front camera has a semi-wide-angle, 5-megapixel sensor at f/2 with screen-based flash. It carries over most of the features found on the main camera, including portraiture and cinemagraph.
Another upgrade for the Z3 is found under the hood. Motorola opted for a Snapdragon 835 processor and it comes with 4 GB of RAM and 64 GB of storage. The phone felt quick, such as when using the advanced camera features. This is a welcome improvement.
Perhaps the most curious thing about the phone is that it will eventually be 5G capable. Motorola, Verizon, and Qualcomm are developing a Moto Mod that adds a 5G radio to the device. The Mod includes a 5G radio and an LTE-Advanced radio for seamless network performance. It runs on Verizon's 28GHz spectrum using millimeter wave 5G NR technology. There are four antennas inside to ensure one is always able to connect to the network no matter how the phone is held.
The Mod packs a 2,000mAh battery of its own. Motorola claims that the Z3 and 5G Mod will together deliver a full day of performance even when using 5G. We won't know if that claim is accurate for another six months.
Verizon is the only carrier selling the Moto Z3, though others offer the nearly identical Z3 Play. It costs $480 without the 5G Mod. The 5G Mod won't reach the market until early 2019 and there's no word on pricing yet.
About the author, Eric M. Zeman:
Eric has been covering the mobile telecommunications industry for 17 years at various print and online publications. He studied at Rutgers Newark and University of Kentucky, and has a degree in writing. He likes playing guitar, attending concerts, listening to music, and driving sports cars.
Motorola's 5G Moto Mod Explained
Motorola and Verizon Wireless hope consumers will buy into the idea of upgrading their Moto Z3 phone with a modular 5G attachment some time next year. The Mod promises to bring a 10x improvement in data download speeds without sapping the battery too much.
Review: Motorola Moto Z3 for Verizon Wireless
The Moto Z3 is the first 5G-upgradable phone thanks to a forthcoming Mod from Motorola and Verizon. This mid-range device sports a 2:1 screen, metal-and-glass design, and compatibility with Motorola's ecosystem of swappable modules.
Motorola Updates 5G Moto Mod, Adds Z2 Force Compatibility
Motorola has updated the software for its Moto Mod accessory that adds 5G to existing Moto Z-series phones, improving functionality for all phones, and adding compatibility with the Z2 Force for Verizon. The update improves both 5G download speeds, and enables two-way charging between the phone and the Mod when the battery is low in either.
Verizon Launching 5G on April 11 in Chicago, Minneapolis
Verizon's first standards-compliant mobile 5G network will launch in select areas of Chicago and Minneapolis on April 11th. 5G service will cost an extra $10/month.
Motorola, Verizon Successfully Test Data On Moto Z3's 5G Mod
Motorola and Verizon Wireless say they've successfully completed a 5G NR data transmission test between the Moto Z3 paired with a 5G Moto Mod and Verizon's network. Motorola announced the Moto Z3 for Verizon in August along with a Moto Mod capable of adding 5G to the Z3.
6" display FHD+ resolution
Snapdragon 835 processor 4 GB RAM
Memory Card Slot, NFC, Fingerprint Reader, Water-Resistant


text:
Q: React functional component setState not updating the state I am building a Pomodoro clock as described in Free Code Camp curriculum here.
Code is available here.
In Timer component, isSessionMode state which holds a boolean value is toggled conditionally in startTimer method (line: 40) as below.
setIsSessionMode((prev) => !prev);

But the state doesn't seem to be updated because the logger in useEffect hook doesn't print the state (line: 19) after setIsSessionMode() is called as below.
useEffect(() => {
      console.log(isSessionMode)
      if (isFirstRun.current) {
        isFirstRun.current = false;
        return;
      }
      audioRef.current.play();
    }, [isSessionMode, audioRef]);

And also the state dependent log in return statement on line: 74 doesn't print value as expected according to the updated state as below.
{isSessionMode ? "Session" : "Break"}

Why isSessionMode is not getting updated?
Also, it seems that when updating the isSessionMode state with setSessionMode(), a warning is thrown as follows:
Warning: Cannot update a component (`Timer`) while rendering a different component (`App`).

I searched around the web regarding it a bit but is unable to follow.

A: You can't do a state update inside another state update.
 setTimerLength((prevTimerLength) => {
        if (prevTimerLength > 0) return prevTimerLength - 1;
        setIsSessionMode((prev) => !prev);
        return -1;
      });

Try moving setIsSessionMode outside.


A few years back, Andrew and Kieran were working closely with startup founders, helping them get their business off the ground.
Every single one of these business owners knew how important SEO was, but none of them could afford to hire third-party help. So they were stuck trying to figure SEO on their own.
And that's when the light bulb turned on for Andrew and Kieran.
These two pioneers decided to build an SEO tool specifically designed for startups and small businesses: Hike.
There's no mistake about it, turning SEO data into a successful strategy is not easy.
In the bespoke strategy building phase, you will add your website, content topics, competitors, and website pages, which will all be used to help you build your own custom SEO keyword strategy and a content SEO strategy via curated content (from relevant blog, Twitter, and YouTube posts).
That's right, Hike will show you popular content for the keywords you'll be tracking. No more racking your brain on what content to create!
These action items will be ranked by priority (high, medium, and low).
And if you're thinking there will just be a handful of tasks that won't really move the needle, you're sorely mistaken.
This will show you exactly which actions have driven the most traffic.
Currently, startups and small businesses are sidestepping SEO struggles by using Hike.
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Just actionable tasks to improve your SEO.
As you already know, there are a ton of SEO tools on the market.
But you know what none of them do? Cater specifically to small businesses.
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