Feast your eyes and taste buds on this tempting collection. There is no shortage of flavour, with Cahills Ballintubber and Chives along with Cashel Blue. Cooleeney, from our Signature Tastes Range, is buttery and beautiful. These Irish gems are matched with the gorgeous, violet hue of Drunken Goat from Spain. The rustic look is finished off with vivid physalis, hydrangea and dates.
Serves 45 guests as part of a cheeseboard.
Serves 90 guests as part of a buffet.


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Galeodea triganceae is a species of large sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cassidae, the helmet snails.

Shell description
The maximum shell height is 48 mm, and maximum width 31 mm.

Distribution
This species is endemic to New Zealand including the Chatham Islands.

Habitat
This helmet shell is found at depths of between 90 and 600 m.

References

triganceae
Gastropods described in 1953

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Introduction of long-acting family planning method to USAID and UNFPA product catalogs
It is hoped that the hormonal IUD will become more readily-available in LMICs
Reproductive Health Supplies Coalition
The levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (IUD), also known as the hormonal IUD or hormonal intrauterine system (IUS), has been added for the first time to the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID)'s Product Catalog and the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) Product Catalog.
The products being introduced are MirenaTM, which is supplied by Bayer AG, and AvibelaTM, which is supplied by Impact RH360. Both products are quality-assured by stringent regulatory authorities. With a goal of facilitating procurement and distribution in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), USAID's family planning priority countries are eligible to procure the product through the Global Health Supply Chain Program-Procurement and Supply Management (GHSC-PSM) Project. Participating countries in the UNFPA Supplies Partnership or other countries using domestic funds are eligible for procurement through UNFPA.
The hormonal IUD is a highly effective, long-acting, reversible contraceptive with important non-contraceptive health benefits. The method was first introduced in Europe in 1990 and in the United States in 2000, and it has been popular in these settings. Despite its advantages, the method has not been widely available in LMICs to date.
"For too long, the hormonal IUD has been unavailable to the majority of women in low-income countries," said Ellen Starbird, Director of the Office of Population and Reproductive Health at USAID. "Now, with the addition of quality-assured products in the USAID and UNFPA product catalogs, the situation is changing. This is an exciting milestone, and we look forward to collaborating with governments and local partners to expand access to this method as part of our commitment to voluntarism, informed choice, and access to a broad range of contraceptive methods."
Globally, introduction of the hormonal IUD is being supported by the Hormonal IUD Access Group, a consortium of governments, donors, manufacturers, procurement agencies, researchers, and service delivery groups. The Hormonal IUD Access Group – which is supported by USAID, UNFPA, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and the Foreign, Commonwealth & Development Office (FCDO) – takes a comprehensive approach to facilitating method introduction and scale-up. This includes 1) ensuring availability of affordable, quality-assured products to facilitate sustainable markets; and 2) supporting countries that are ready and willing to introduce and scale-up the method through a phased approach.
For additional procurement information including information about pricing, please contact USAID (jvivalo@usaid.gov, amsmith@usaid.gov), GHSC-PSM (PSM-Hormonal-IUD@ghsc-psm.org), or UNFPA (palau@unfpa.org, tzamora@unfpa.org).
For countries that are interested in expanding access to the hormonal IUD via UNFPA, the first step is for the government and partners to reach out to UNFPA country offices.
This post originally appeared on the FP2030 website.
To read the article in French, please click here. To read the article in Spanish, please click here.
Cold chain: from manual to automatic temperature controls
Global Digital Health Forum & Global Health Supply Chain Summit

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


These days, I perceive lending to be less risky than ownership. Can I convince you to feel the same way?
When I tell people that I lend money to developers for property projects, one reaction is more common than any other: "wow, that's too risky for me – I'd rather just own property myself".
Which is funny, because I used to feel the same way. But now I perceive it as being less risky than ownership over an equivalent length of time. In this post, I'll try to similarly re-wire your brain when it comes to debt investments.
Why? Not because I think it's better – that's entirely dependent on your goals. But it's always worth having a realistic picture of all your options…and by understanding debt investments, you'll start looking at your regular property purchases differently too.
You're interested in peer-to-peer lending. Peer-to-peer is exactly the same as making a debt investment, so this article will help you understand the underlying risks and rewards better.
You're interested in lending money to a property investor in exchange for a fixed return. If you've got a lot of cash sitting around and you're short on time, this can be a brilliant way to put that cash to work: but you must understand the risks and rewards first. This article will help you do that.
You're a regular property investor who's up for thinking a bit more deeply about the risks/rewards you're exposed to, and the relationship you have with your mortgage lender. You can invest perfectly well without ever giving this a moment's thought, but I found that thinking about this more philosophical stuff really helped me with my own investments.
What are equity and debt investments?
An equity investment is your typical buy-to-let purchase: your equity is the proportion of the property's value over and above any mortgage secured against it. It's easy to understand because it's part of everyday language: people talk about drawing on the equity in their homes, and being in negative equity when the property is worth less than the mortgage.
A debt investment is just flipping it around and putting yourself in the place of the mortgage lender. While you're unlikely to lend for a 25 year term like a mortgage lender would, it's otherwise exactly the same: you lend an amount of money based on the property's value, and the borrower pays you an agreed interest rate in exchange.
Critically, the value of your debt remains the same regardless of what happens to the value of the property. Your claim against the property is just a means of making sure you get your money back: the borrower must pay you a fixed amount of interest for a fixed period of time, whatever happens.
If your money is properly secured against an appropriate asset, you're taking less risk by issuing debt rather than owning equity.
To understand why, imagine for a moment that you're taking out a mortgage to buy a house for £100,000. A mortgage lender puts in 70% (£70,000) in debt, and you put in 30% (£30,000) in equity.
If the market goes up by £30,000 so the house is now worth £130,000, you're quids in: your original equity of £30,000 has doubled to £60,000.
But if the market goes down by £30,000, your equity has been entirely wiped out. Yet the mortgage company is fine: their loan of £70,000 is still secured against a property worth £70,000.
They won't be happy in this scenario and might start making your life difficult because they feel too exposed, but the point is you took the first loss. You started making a loss as soon as the house lost £1 in value, but it took a lot longer for the lender to start getting worried.
This is what's known as the "capital stack". By having what's technically called "senior debt" (meaning you're the first person with a claim against the property), you'll be the last person to suffer if the value of the property falls.
Conversely, the equity holder gets all the upside, but is also the first to suffer the downside.
Rental profit – derived from income which might go up or down, and expenses that are unknown.
Capital growth – the extent of which is unknowable, if it happens at all.
By contrast, with a debt investment you know at the start exactly what return you should get: if you agree to lend £10,000 at an interest rate of 0.5% per month, if the borrower sticks to their obligations you're going to get paid £50 per month for the length of the loan.
I've said that this is an advantage, but actually it's both good and bad depending on your point of view.
It's bad because your returns are capped. You could be lending money to someone so they can do the deal of the century: they use your cash to make a return of 200% in just a few months, and you're sitting there feeling a bit sorry for yourself with your 0.5% per month.
But it's good because you know you'll get that 0.5% (or should – we'll come to risk later). If you're trying to generate an income, debt is an attractive way of doing it because there's no sitting around worrying if the rent is going to get paid or the project is going to pan out as you hoped.
I'd file debt investment as growing wealth, not creating wealth. It might sound at first like they mean the same thing, but I think there's an important difference.
Normally when you buy a property, you're hoping to create wealth by one means or another. You're either buying to create value that previously didn't exist (through refurbishment or development), or you're looking to participate in the growth of the market when wealth is created for everyone.
Property is great for this: you can use leverage (which is really just someone else's debt) to maximise your returns, and it's easily understandable by most people.
A debt investment is about growing wealth: you're hoping to take money you've already got, and put it to work to make more money.
Lending your money out – even at a high annual rate of interest like 10% – isn't going to make you insanely rich, at least not until after many years of compounding. But it does mean that you're almost certain to end each year with more wealth than you started, even if the market performs weakly or projects don't go entirely to plan.
As it happens, property is great to lend against too: there's a whole profession dedicated to establishing its value, that value is relatively constant, and there's a liquid market for its sale. Debt can be secured against anything else (or nothing!), but given a choice of assets property is always going to be the winner.
In the same way that most investment portfolios contain a mix of stocks (equity) and bonds (debt), I'd argue that debt investments in property could be right for anyone – but the percentage of a portfolio that should be allocated to it will vary.
This is going to sound weird, but if you've got little in the way of funds you'll probably want to take more risks. Why? Because £25,000 growing by (say) 10% per year isn't bad, but even with compounding it'll take you a long time to get anywhere. It might make more sense to seek quicker progress by using leverage, taking on renovation projects with a high ROI, or looking for investments with a greater upside.
But if you've got £500,000 kicking around, there's a stronger case for allocating some of it towards debt investments. Allocating half of it to loans (for example) would produce a healthy £25,000 per year income, while leaving plenty left over for the racier stuff with a higher payoff.
You're taking the bottom portion of the investment rather than the top, so you're the first to get paid back and the last to lose out.
Your return is known at the start, not speculative.
But I don't want to skirt around the risk that does exist: the risk of the borrower being unable or unwilling to pay you back.
Is the underlying asset worth enough? You want to make sure that even if the market tumbles and you incur costs in taking legal action, you can still sell the property for a high enough price to get all your money back.
Are the legals watertight? It's worthless having claim against a property if you can't enforce it legally. A big benefit of property is that the legal system allows charges to be registered so it's impossible to bypass them – but your legal agreement still needs to be written in such a way to be un-wriggle-out-able.
Is the borrower a good risk? While you could take back the property to recoup your funds, you really don't want to. You also don't want the borrower to run out of money and vanish leaving a project half-finished, because it will be very difficult to sell in this state – so faith in the borrower's abilities goes a long way.
Even though I've explained why debt is structurally safer than equity, that by no means implies that your money isn't at risk as soon as you take it out of the bank: it is.
What makes lending psychologically difficult is that you're very aware of your lack of control over the outcome – whereas when it's your own project or purchase it feels like you're in the driving seat, even if that control is illusory.
So is lending against property too risky? Done properly, I'd say no: if anything, it could be too pedestrian for what you're trying to achieve. But in the right circumstances, it's great way to grow your wealth backed up by property.


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iOS Surpasses 53% of US Marketshare, Android Drops to 42% Says Study
By Istvan Fekete last updated January 8, 2013
While preparing for CES 2013 and waiting for Apple's quarterly earnings report, Kantar Worldpanel ComTech has released another study studying the US mobile market in the fourth quarter of 2012. According to their data, iOS, and in this case the iPhone, was the most sought-after smartphone in the US, from a 12-week period that ended on November 25, 2012.
The report comes after Consumer Reports ranked the iPhone 5 as the worst top smartphone, when compared to the available Androids currently available. Looking at both the AT&T and Sprint ratings, the iPhone was ranked third behind the LG Optimus G and the Samsung Galaxy S III. Furthermore, it didn't even reach the top three in Verizon's own rankings.
AT&T continues to see success, due to the strength of the iPhone 5 and maintains its status as the top selling smartphone carrier, being reponsible for the 35.4% of smartphones sold in the 12 week period. Verizon follows behind as a close second, with a share of 31.9%. Sprint, in third, with 14.5% of the share, saw the largest decrease when compared to las year, down 5%.
However, from the Kantar Wordpanel ComTech report, we see the iPhone 5 was the best-selling device and Android market share had dropped nearly 11% by November 25.
While the analysts say high demand for iPhone pushed the iOS market share up and 27% of iPhone buyers had shifted to iOS from another smartphone OS. 34% upgraded from a previous iPhone, while 40% were first-time smartphone buyers. An interesting highlight of the report is the high demand for Apple's iPhone pushed the platform to become Verizon's top-selling OS for the first time.
First-time smartphone buyers upgrading to an iPhone led to iOS becoming Verizon's top selling OS for the first time. Verizon, who has the largest featurephone user base, saw 44% of their featurephone user base upgrade to an iPhone, compared to the 38% of AT&T's featurephone user base.
3 Easy Ways To Transfer Contacts From Android to iPhone
Facebook Mobile Ads 1,790% More Profitable in iOS Than Android
Consumer Reports: iPhone 5s & iPhone 5c Earn High Ratings But No Match to Android Devices in Battery Life & Screen Size


A mobile phone jammer is a gadget that is used to block mobile phones from receiving signals. Cell phones, just like technology, keep on advancing over the years and they help people to keep in touch. Just like the saying, too much of something is prisoners, the use of mobile phones has been rampant and it is disrupting. Even in places like churches, courtrooms, petrol stations, army camps where the use of mobile cell phones should be limited, people still misuse the freedom. Therefore, that is why mobile cellphone jammers are there. In this post, we will discuss further mobile cell phone jammers.
We start by looking at the different types of jammers. Just like any other device, cell phone jammers have different makes and models. Also, they can be categorized depending on the number of frequencies they can block, from one to many.
Besides, cell phone jammers have several advantages. One advantage of cell phone jammers is that they can be used to maintain a quiet atmosphere. Maintaining a quiet atmosphere is one of the advantages of cell phone jammers. There are places where maintaining a quiet atmosphere is crucial like courts, exam halls, and even sometimes at our homes. Another benefit of cell phone chargers is that they can be used to improve security. Maintaining peace in some situations and areas such as prisons is required for security purposes. Below are some factors to consider when buying a mobile cell phone jammer.
The very first one is the price. When buying any appliance, including a cell jammer, you need to create a budget. You can narrow down the kind of jammer to buy depending on your budget.
Furthermore, you will also need to check the reviews before purchasing a mobile cell phone jammer. The internet is one good place to search and get to read the reviews. The best choice of a jammer is the one with the most positive reviews.
The other thing to consider is the type of jammer you want. For example you cannot buy a single frequency jammer when you need a multi-frequency one. Still on frequency consider if they frequency of the jammer is the same as that of your locality. The choice is dependent on type can also depend on whether you want a mobile jammer or a desktop one.
Lastly, you should consider several aspects about the company you buy from. The number one factor to consider is how long the company has been operating from; their experience. Secondly, you need to consider the companies warranty policies. Also, you may want to go for a vendor with a variety of products. In conclusion, you need to be keen when selecting a mobile cell phone jammer and do some research before buying one.
The reason people go to a garden is to relax, and one can do so when they visit Seattle Japanese garden. One can get a sense of peace when they visit the Seattle Japanese garden. Families who have small children can also go to the Seattle Japanese garden, and they will enjoy the time there since there are grounds for children to play. Some people decide to go to the Seattle Japanese garden as a group, and there is enough space for groups of friends at the garden. Not many people visit this garden, so it is a good place for people who enjoy gardens that are not overcrowded. Some people may have to take a longer drive to the garden, and they can enjoy the trip there, and they will get a chance to relax in the garden in a different environment.
Taking a trip to the garden is a good stress reliever for people who want something different. The garden is used for hosting seasonal teahouse ceremonies. There are many trees in the garden, and one can enjoy this when they visit the Seattle Japanese garden. There is an array of colors when one visits the garden in some seasons. At the garden, one will see shrubs and plants as they explore the gardens.
Visitors will love the photos of the garden since they will love the garden. One can also take a camera to capture the memories with friends and family members when they visit the garden.
The gardens are beautiful because of the maintenance that is done regularly to keep the place looking beautiful. One can make it a habit of going to the Seattle Japanese garden especially if one appreciates the beauty of the garden and the feeling that one gets when they are in the garden. One will need to pay entry fees to the garden so one should be prepared for this. Senior people, students, and children can get a discount on entry fees. One can set aside time during the day to visit the garden when the gardens are open to visitors.
Handicapped people can move around in the garden when they visit the Seattle Japanese garden, and they will enjoy the garden when they visit. One can get additional information by calling the management of the Seattle Japanese garden if one requires additional information.
Painting a home is one of the important projects an individual should do to increase the value of their house. Not only does painting increase the value of your home, but it also improves the beauty and appearance of your property. However for an individual to get quality painting services, there is need to look for a reliable, competent and professional painting contractor. Given the fact that there are numerous painting companies in the market today, knowing a good service provider for your needs can be a daunting task. This is because not all painting contractors provide quality services to clients. However provided with the useful information and adequate market research, a person can effortlessly select the right painting company. This report thus discusses the various essential tips you can use when hiring a painting company.
The primary tip you need to evaluate when looking for a painting company is the permit. You need to guarantee that the painting contractor you are planning to hire is licensed. It is important to note that license indicates that the organization follows the rules and regulations set by the industry. Permit also indicates that the contractor has modern technology tools and well-trained experts hence quality service delivery. It is important to note that in some states, it is illegal to enlist the services of unlicensed company and in case you are found you can be charged heavily.
The second tip you need to evaluate when looking for a painting company is the number of years the contractor has been in business. A person should do a background analysis of the painting contractor and establish the number of years the company has been in business before hiring their services. There are many reasons why you need to choose an experienced painting contractor as opposed to an inexperienced company. By enlisting the services of an experienced painting company, an individual is certain of getting high quality services since they have technical staff who have vast field experience given their many years of involvement in painting projects.
The third consideration you need to make when enlisting the services of a painting contractor is the cost of the services. It is important to note that painting companies deliver their services at various fees. An individual should enlist the services of a painting company that offers quality services at fair rates. Before enlisting the services of the painting contractor, ask for cost estimates. Cost estimates will help you prepare financially for the project and also eliminate any hidden costs.
In conclusion, all the tips discussed in this report are essential when choosing a painting contractor.
The moment you face electrical issues within your residential property, there is not a better person to call but a professional electrician. For all types of electrical work that your home requires, you will be needing the help of expert residential electricians who are trained professionals in the field. Residential electrical work covers a lot of elements inside a home that is why this area is broad in nature. That is why every residential electrician should be properly trained in the trade and be duly licensed before practicing their profession. For any electrical work to be done, they often go through different phases. Most of the time, the first step is a simple rough wiring job of the whole house. This will then end with the finished product being your outlets, lights, and anything that you can think of that has power.
One of the most important tasks that residential electricians must make sure to do includes running wire in your home. This is what gives power to everything that your house. This part of your wiring is often taken for granted because they are found behind your walls. In order for these wires to be powered, the main electrical line for your entire house is required that is controlled with a meter by your local power company. Though these residential electricians may already be done with the wiring of your entire house, they may have to wait yet again for your home to be almost built on the inside. This is because they will be installing fixtures like switches and receptacles.
A professional residential electrician also deals with the running power of all of the appliances found inside of your home. Specialized residential electrician services are also required for security systems, gates, alarm systems, hot tubs, exterior lighting, and other features that modern homes make sure to have. Since there are never-ending trends when it comes to electrical work, top residential electricians make sure to be updated on the latest in electrical work and services. The market always welcomes new things every day. As top residential electricians, it is their responsibility to gather knowledge on its proper installation and repair work as necessary.
There will always be complexities when dealing with electrical work where a lot of safety precautions should also be carried out. This is why you must make sure to secure only the best residential electrical services out there. It is best that you choose a company that employs top residential electricians only. Never take the risk of letting an inexperienced worker do the electrical work for you. You do not want to end up losing your house over an electrical failure that has set your house on fire. You may end up not enjoying the modern conveniences at the comfort of your own home without any power source. In short, just leave your electrical concerns to top residential electricians in the area.
There is a large number of companies offering metal roofing services within the industry. People should be cautious when selecting the metal roofing company as it will influence their efficiency of roofing services. The appearance of a building is greatly influenced by the kind of roofing on it. There are various websites that people requiring purchasing metal roofing can be able to choose from. People seeking to purchase metal roofing should consider the need to review the comments of other customers regarding the chosen company. Friends and colleagues can give referrals on the right metal roofing company.
It's important that a metal roofing companies ensure skilled services by availing trained professional. The management should carry out internal training for the employees before they are allowed to offer services today clients. The decision of the management to offer internal training to the metal roofing workers can ensure quality services to the customers.
Market research is necessary for the metal roofing companies to determine the customers' demands in terms of quality. Research enables metal roofing companies to offer improved metal roofing services to their customers. Improved metal roofing services improve the competitive power of the companies within the industry. Maintaining a large market share within the metal roofing industry requires a company to maintain an acceptable quality of services. Good metal roofing services can help increase the number of customers as they always need the best services.
People requiring attaining attractive appearance of the of the house should consider the need to acquire the metal roofing services from experienced Service providers. The metal roofing professionals are able to meet different designs and acquire the knowledge on how to implement them. The decision to acquire metal roofing services should consider the significance of hiring metal roofing companies that have been in operation for a relevant period.
The approval documents of metal roofing companies should be the first thing to consider for individuals requiring the service. Clients receiving metal roofing services can be able to receive compensation in case of damages from a company that has insured services. Metal roofing companies that offer a warranty for their services should be the first priority for individuals requiring metal roofing.
Homeowners should give priority to metal roofing that can be able to last for a long time. Durable metal roofing services can serve to protect the homeowner from recurrent use of finances in the metal roofing services. The decision to acquire metal roofing services requires the homeowners to consider the cost involved. Homeowners should contact various metal roofing companies to inquire about their charges for the needed services. Securing affordable metal roofing services can only be possible if an individual knows about charges involved in acquiring the metal roofing services from different companies.
Things to Look for in a Staffing Company.
, Of course, you will need staffing services to hire new employees in the organization. You stand to gain a lot if you hire a staffing company and not doing the work yourself.
With a staffing agency, you will save lots of time in getting an employee. There are employees who resign on the spot which can result to decreased productivity. Most of these staffing agencies have pre-screened staffs already, and thus such vacancies can be filled within a very short time hence maintaining the productivity of the organization.
By hiring professional staffing services, you will cater for the employment needs of the company thus hindering any long time vacancy which can lead to resentfulness from other employees who feel they are doing work which they should not.
very company must incur certain expenses when hiring new employees into their system. You can save lots of money through hiring of a staffing agency because no additional expense you will incur apart from the fees you will be paying for these services.
By hiring a staffing agency. You will save lots of energy because your occupied human resource managers will have enough time to do another thing as the hiring process is done by the staffing agency.
Through a staffing company, one is not required to get committed and thus can have time to see whether they can employ a given persona permanently.
There are many options for the employees and thus the need to look into certain things before one concentrate on a given staffing agency.
Of course, these companies fill permanent positions and thus the need to know the job types which a given company engages in. Most people think that the staffing agencies are responsible for filling in temporary positions, but they also provide permanent employees for the available positions.
Understand the methods a given company uses to select the candidates for the available job position as it dictates the kind of employee you can get from the said company. A good staffing agency is expected to have better ways of ensuring the employees they are referring to you are fit of the said job through proper selection methods.
Hire the most successful staffing agency in terms of quality services and attraction of people seeking job chances.
Experience of the company also counts when it comes to the selection of the staffing agency, and thus you should go for the companies which have been int eh industry for a while.
A reliable staffing company should have a good name in society. If you want a better deal when hiring a staffing agency, consider the pricing for these service by different companies.
Ensure you have checked the online testimonials in their website to see what people say about their services. A reliable staffing agency should be licensed by the right local authorities.
Through the incorporation of online platforms, many dispensaries are able to sell their marijuana products. Website-based purchasing allows for viewing varied products at the same time. The incorporation of this product in dispensaries have, indeed, helped to get rid of various diseases like depression and anxiety disorders. The following procedure will, in this context, help you to land on the most reliable online Marijuana dispensary.
First, the clients are required to ascertain the issue of safety and health while determining the best online Marijuana dispensary. In this case, the potential dispensary should have complied effectively with both safety and health regulations in its country of jurisdiction. In order to succeed in this context, it is for example important for the customers to ascertain the validity of the license prior to making any form of engagement to the potential online marijuana dispensary. You are, in this case, required to select the potential online marijuana dispensary basing on the manner in which it is keeping its products. Through research and homework, you will indeed be guaranteed of landing on the cleanest dispensary on the market. In order to ensure that you get the best products, it is vital for the clients to consider the issue of cleanliness.
The second factor that you ought to note down prior to selecting the most outstanding online marijuana dispensary is the issue of variety and selection. Based on research, one is expected to land on the dispensary that conveys many products at one platform. It is, for example, important to go for a dispensary that conveys varied number of products on the market.In order to succeed in the selection process, the clients are advised to consider the aspect of selecting the online marijuana dispensary that sells many products under one roof. While there are many products, the most common ones on the market are given in form of creams, tablets, as well as edibles. In order to embrace the aspect of time management, it is reasonable for the clients to consider transacting with the dispensary that offer a variety of products. As a client, you are therefore responsible for selecting an online marijuana dispensary that has stocked many related products at one place in order to avoid any form of inconveniences.
The last thing that you are advised to consider when dealing with online marijuana dispensary is the issue of cost. As a client, it is reasonable to engage in the process of comparing the cost of the products between different online marijuana dispensaries. In the course of comparison, they also need to acquaint themselves with the quality of the products. They are, in this case, expected to land on the one that offers affordable cost. It is, therefore, important for the clients to go for an online marijuana dispensary that offers high quality marijuana at an affordable price.
Vacations have become common among many people around the world. With many elements to put in order, preparation is vital to get the perfect experience during your vacation. It is not easy to determine the right kind of place to get accommodation. There are many different types of accommodation you can choose from when taking your vacation in different places. Many people today are making use of rental cabins as their choice for accommodation when taking their vacation. When you get the right rental cabin which meets all your needs during your vacation, you are going to have the perfect experience in the course of your holiday. There are many firms which deal with the provision of rental cabin services in the market. Many people have found it challenging to select the right rental cabin. From the article below you are going to find useful information on the key factors to consider when choosing a rental cabin.
Getting a rental cabin which is in a strategic location is going to ensure that you can be able to take part in major events of interest during your holiday. It is important to get a rental cabin within the location of your holiday destination. It is vital when considering location to consider accessibility as well. Having proper information is vital when determining the location of a rental cabin.
When deciding the kind of a rental cabin to go for, it is important to consider the size. The size of a rental cabin affects its level of functionality. The right size of a cabin should be ideal for the particular group taking the holiday. You should select a cabin size which is going to provide the level of privacy you need.
It is important to find a rental cabin which is within your budget. It is important to determine the variance in price for the available rental cabins to enable you to find the cost-effective one within your holiday area. Your research is vital to enable you to select a cost-effective rental cabin. The cost of renting a cabin should be considered in relation to other essential factors to ensure a perfect match. Having an idea about what is covered with the cost of the cabin is vital in the selection process.
Finally, it is vital to have an idea of the available facilities and other amenities. To enhance your stay during a vacation, it is important to select rental cabin which provide the kind of amenities and facilities you require. Choose a rental cabin whose services are in line with your personal preferences.


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Messi Wins Ballon d'Or
Rami Soufi December 1, 2009 Ballon d'Or, Copa del Rey, Leagues: La Liga 3 Comments
As expected Lionel Messi succeeded Cristiano Ronaldo as the winner of the Ballon d'Or award. The Barcelona star comfortably won the prize but he admitted his surprise at the margin of victory as he received 240 points more than Cristiano Ronaldo who finished second.
Messi was quite close to winning all 480 points possible as he finished with a near perfect 473 points while Real Madrid's Ronaldo got 233 points which is less than half of Messi's total! There is no doubt the Argentinian deserved to win since he was one of the main driving forces behind Barca's treble winning season. He led all scorers in the Champions League with nine goals and scored in the final triumph against none other than Ronaldo's Manchester United. The Catalan club's star also scored 23 times in la Liga and was on the score sheet six times in the Copa del Rey.
The goals scored by Messi do not tell the whole story since his contributions transcend beyond the occasions he found the back of the net to include the assists he provided his fellow Barca players with. Messi's assists totalled 18 in all competitions. The top spots on the list were dominated by Barca players which is also not surprising considering the influence of the likes of Xavi and Andres Iniesta as well as current Inter striker Samuel Eto'o.
Messi mentioned to France Football he is honoured to win the award and dedicated it to his family. He also said he was delighted to become the first Argentina to win the Ballon d'Or. Given the performances of Messi the past year, it is near impossible to find any other player more deserving of the individual award. It will not be a shock if Messi repeats next year, but his chances will be hindered if his country continues to struggle under Maradona's leadership and fails to impress in South Africa 2010. Despite the concerns over Argentina and Maradona, who can bet against Messi repeating as the award winner?
Who Will Win The Ballon d'Or Next Year?(polls)
rami soufi
elvis lah December 1, 2009
i am calling from cameroon and i think drogba deserve the uefa player next year(2010)
kaka will win the fifa award as already seen in the confederation cup in s.africa
Rami S. June 4, 2010
The star of the team winning South Africa 2010 will likely get the Ballon d'Or for this year. Otherwise, I think D. Milito might actually deserve it based on scoring all the important goals for Inter in Serie A, Coppa Italia and Champions League.
If Argentina win WC 2010 and Milito starts & scores goals then he could get it. If Argentina win WC 2010 and Milito is a sub but Messi is scoring goals then I can see Messi keeping the Ballon d'Or.
Messi is by far the best player on current form but the outcome of the WC will have a big say on who wins the Ballon d'Or.


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Department of Economic and Social Affairs	Social Inclusion
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2013 Report on the World Social Situation
2013 Report on the World Social Situation: Inequality Matters
World leaders, in adopting the Millennium Declaration in 2000, pledged to create a more equitable world. Yet, income inequality has increased in many countries over the last few decades, as the wealthiest individuals have become wealthier while the relative situation of people living in poverty has improved little. Disparities in education, health and other dimensions of human development still remain large despite marked progress in reducing the gaps. Various social groups, especially indigenous peoples, persons with disabilities and rural populations, suffer disproportionately from income poverty and inadequate access to quality services and, generally, disparities between these groups and the rest of the population have increased over time.
This is not new. The Report on the World Social Situation 2005 warned of an inequality predicament and concluded that failure to pursue a comprehensive, integrated approach to development would perpetuate such a predicament, causing all to pay the price. The Report on the World Social Situation 2013 builds on that earlier report, emphasizing that addressing inequalities is not only a moral imperative but it is also necessary in order to unleash the human and productive potential of each country's population and to bring development towards a socially-sustainable path.
The Report examines recent inequality trends and analyses their social, economic and political impacts, highlighting new developments and paying particular attention to the situation of disadvantaged social groups. It shows that inequality not only matters to people living in poverty, but also for the overall well-being of society. The Report illustrates that growing inequalities can be arrested by integrated policies that are universal in principle yet pay particular attention to the needs of disadvantaged and marginalized populations. It reminds world leaders that, in addressing inequalities, policy matters.
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Home/Lists/Top Five Disney Misconceptions That 'Everyone' Believes
Top Five Disney Misconceptions That 'Everyone' Believes
We know everything about Disney, right? With so many books written and so many more websites sharing insights and information, the 'truth' is out there, right? Not really.
Sometimes urban legend and rumor can overshadow simple fact. So here is my list of the Top Five misconceptions about Walt Disney, his company, and his characters:
DISNEY PARKS ARE 'DYING BY DEGREES'
This is true-ish, but mostly false, for all intents and purposes. Many Internet sites point out every burned-out light bulb, notice every piece of blowing garbage, and pick away at the overall cleanliness of the parks. I admit these things are present, but no more-so, and probably less-so, than at any other competing theme park.
Are Disneyland and Walt Disney World less maintained than when they first opened? Yes. Are there less new rides being added year after year? Yes. Are there less extra offerings than in past times? Yes. Hmm, It seems I'm discrediting my own case!
But is it really that bad? Park attendance is at an all-time high with the off-season all but gone. Disney parks still have a rabid following. Internet sites about the parks are growing in number and readership. What are we to conclude from this?
That a Disney park is still better than any other theme park… period. But admittedly, that could change. Universal Studios has had enormous success with the Harry Potter franchise and many other parks have better roller coasters and thrill rides. As the demographics of theme park attendees grows younger, this could cause a change from wholesome entertainment (Disney) to more vibrant and exciting offerings (the competition).
For now though, Disney parks are not dying, by degrees or otherwise!
TOM HANKS IS WALT DISNEY'S LOVE CHILD
What, am I the only one who's heard this rumor? To sum it up: It's not true.
DISNEY IS JUST ABOUT THE MONEY
OK, at times, The Walt Disney Company can seem a little money-hungry. OK, maybe a lot money-hungry! Many criticize the company as having lost the focus of its founder, Walt Disney, for he himself famously said:
"You reach a point where you don't work for money." "We don't make movies to make money, we make money to make more movies." "Money doesn't excite me, my ideas excite me." "Disneyland is a work of love. We did not go into Disneyland just with the idea of making money."
This orgy of evidence seems to damn the billion-dollar corporation that is Disney today. But there is something people are missing, and it's exposed in this last quote about money from Walt Disney: "I'd say it's been my biggest problem all my life… it's money. It takes a lot of money to make these dreams come true." (italics mine)
So with that in mind, what way do we want it? Do we want The Walt Disney Company to cut profits and make less money for its shareholders so as to appear to be more Walt-like, or do we want the magic to continue? Times have changed and things aren't financed on a shoe-string and a handshake, like in Walt's day. Now there are Unions demanding higher salaries, contractors with higher running expenses, skyrocketing costs of goods, and many more building codes and hoops to jump through than in the 1950's and 1960's.
Could Disney pay their front-line Cast Members more? Yes. Does Disney need to charge so much for admission tickets? No. Could the company learn more from its founder? Yes. Are any of these things going to happen? Not likely.
But dreams cost money. Even Walt admitted that. So yes, The Walt Disney Company is about the money, because it has to be to survive in these modern times.
IT ALL STARTED WITH A MOUSE
Not quite. Oswald, whose hand you see holding the sign on the t-shirt above, would have something to say about that! But even Oswald has to take second place to Alice from the Alice Comedies, the little live-action girl who played in a cartoon world.
But even before these two competitors, Walt was working on Laugh-O-Grams, re-making old fairy tales into modern stories. Oh yeah, and he did advertising before that. So Mickey wasn't first in the chronological sense.
But… he did 'start' the ascension of Walt Disney as the premier genius of animation. With Mickey Mouse came a whole new era of character and innovation that set the rest of the animation studios scrambling to keep up! And without Mickey Mouse, there wouldn't have been a Snow White feature-length film. Without that, there wouldn't have been a Disneyland.
So Mickey Mouse did start a lot, but he just wasn't the very first something that Walt Disney created.
WALT DISNEY IS CRYOGENICALLY FROZEN
Picture by David Kadlubowski
This urban legend needs to die. Seriously. I heard a speaker state this as an absolute fact during a lecture once, which caused me to doubt his authority in anything else he had to say!
It is true that Walt Disney loved technology and perhaps he researched this possibility at one point, but there doesn't seem to be any conclusive evidence to support this. I've read many books by people who were close to him during his last days and none mentioned cryogenic freezing as Walt's final resting place.
His family state that he was interned, and that's good enough for me!
So why do rumors like this get started? Perhaps it's because people like to believe the incredible, especially if it involves a negative or strange thing about a celebrity. Walt-bashers like to use this to show how weird Walt was and as an excuse to mock him. Although Walt wasn't perfect, he wasn't given to unrealistic fancies. The technology he used had to be tested and true, and then perfected, before it was used anywhere in his empire. Therefore, it is very unlikely that he would have placed his very life in the hands of such an uncertain technology.
So what do you think of my list? Would you add anything? Or do you disagree with anything I've included? After all, I could be wrong about Tom Hanks. If so, let us know in the comment section below.
Categories: Lists, Theme Parks, ViewpointTags: Cryogenic Freezing, Disney Myths, Education, Lists, Mickey Mouse, Money, Oswald, Theme Parks, Tom Hanks, Top 5, Viewpoint, Walt Disney
About Mike Ellis
Mike has been a Disney fan since his first trip to the Magic Kingdom in 1979 when he was 11 years old. Since that first trip, he has seen parks open, lands close, and attractions come and go, but one thing remains the same, his love for Disney is as strong as ever.
His Disney adventures caused him to start My Dreams of Disney because he wanted to document for his family and friends all of the special Disney Memories he has enjoyed with his family, and since that first post in 2010, Mike's hobby has become his passion!
Now a Travel Consultant with Pixie Vacations for over nine years, Mike has helped many of his readers plan and have incredible Disney vacations of their own. Check us out on Facebook and Twitter. Also, connect with us on our Pixie Vacations by Mike Ellis Facebook page to submit a quote request or learn more about all of your possible vacation destinations!
Kimberly K
I love number 3. Even Walt knew it had to be about the money at least somewhat. When Disneyland opened, they charged $1 park admission. Yes, compared to today, that's a pittance, but at that time, every other amusement park was FREE! People paid to ride each ride. At Disneyland, one had to pay to enter and to ride each ride. As such, park admission itself is a Walt (or maybe Roy) Disney invention, so tell me again how Walt wasn't about the money… even magic has a price, unfortunately.
disneynouns
That's a very good point! Thanks for mentioning it!


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Rob Mousley
Miller's Taxi Conquers the Miller's Run!
Wednesday, 07 February 2018 08:29 |
Latest Surfski News
"It was an adrenalin rush and I can't wait to do it again…" said Vinnie Cicatello. He'd just completed his first ever Miller's Run, in the back of a double surfski with Oscar Chalupsky.
Fenn Swordfish S Review - First Looks
Monday, 05 February 2018 15:54 |
As I shot down the face of the run, spray flying, I spotted the next dip in the water over to one side. A touch of the rudder pedal, a slight lean and the surfski turned towards it; through the dip and a neat curve in the other direction and I'd shot around the shoulder of the wave, accelerating again onto the next run. A crazy thought ricocheted around my brain: What was it that produced this feeling of extreme pleasure? Adrenalin? Endorphins? Dopamine? All three? Whatever it was, the feeling of playing with a new boat definitely added to it.
Catching Waves with the Big O
Tuesday, 30 January 2018 09:37 |
A few days after winning "Ze Caribbean Race", here's Oscar coaching a couple of paddlers (including his boss) on downwind technique.
I've had the enormous pleasure of paddling a number of times with Oscar in doubles on our beloved Miller's Run downwind route here in Cape Town, and I can say with all honesty that it's been a revelation and inspirational every time.
As you can see (and hear, as he barks at his pupils!), Oscar's basic mantra is to paddle early and stop paddling early and work with the energy of the waves. On many other occasions (although he doesn't mention it in this video) he's described taking a couple of "explosive" power-strokes to get onto the run.
Don't try to catch every run
When I paddled doubles with him, I was astonished at how many waves he didn't take: he has an uncanny ability to feel whether the wave is the right one or not. If not, he lets it roll under him, taking the next one (or the one after that). But more often then not, he then pops back over the one or two that he discarded, making up the distance and more. This kind of skill takes time in the boat to acquire - at the beginning of a downwind career, the novice tries too hard, fails to get over too many runs, using too much energy - but you learn over time how to use the least amount of power to catch the run and then to milk it for all the energy it contains.
Another of Oscar's mantras is too keep scanning 45 degrees either side of your course, looking for the next dip in the water, or the next shoulder of the wave in front. Frequently he'll steer a kind of S-curve, turning left or right, keeping the speed up, before turning back onto the wave.
If you ever get the chance to ride doubles with Oscar (or any of the other top downwind elites), don't hesitate! You'll learn more in five minutes than you can imagine - and you'll be inspired to get straight back out to try it for yourself.
40kt Durban Downwind
Monday, 22 January 2018 14:01 |
Sharon Armstrong again, doing what she loves on the warm Durban ocean.
This kind of paddling has a different flavour to the downwinds that we do over here in Cape Town. The runs tend to be bigger and longer and fast and the water's much warmer than ours.
We tend to be nervous of the surf when we go to Durban; when they come here they always exclaim how cold the water is!
40kt and big waves is combination only very experienced paddlers should attempt - Sharon has our full respect!
#mockemillersrunoftheseason - Pete Holloway's 89th!
Peter Holloway got into surfskis in the late 90s, using a series of hand-me-down boats for playing in the waves... but around that time Fish Hoek saw a series of encounters between Great White Sharks and surfskis (click here for the details). "For some reason," says Peter, "I lost interest in paddling for a while and took up cycling instead!"
And it was only 2014 that his yearning to be back on the sea overcame his aversion of big toothy fish. He bought a Custom Kayaks Horizon from the surfski school and went on to a Think Evo II in which he did his first Miller's Run in 2015. He now paddles a Fenn Swordfish S and this video was taken as he did his 89th Miller's Run.
#mockemillersrunoftheseason
The Mocke Millers Run Of The Season competition started in November and continues until the end of February; prizes for fastest run, the most runs, the fastest mixed doubles runs and... the best video are all on offer.
Pete's also after the 20-run special edition shirt and is only 4 away from that particular goal.
The day of this video, the SE swell was just begining to swing into False Bay, and Pete took one on the nose as he headed out to Bakoven Rock (which marks the start of the run itself). It was big and bouncy and enormous fun.
"For me, the Miller's Run is the epitome of surfski paddling," said Peter. "It is a perfect combination of facing your fears and harnessing the power of the wind and waves. The rush of flying down the face of a huge ocean swell at 25 km/h is one that not many sports can compare with... it's also a great way to keep fit!"
Anything under 50min is considered a respectable time and Peter has broken his own record no fewer than 4 times so far during the competition, his current personal best being 47:32, which he achieved on 28 Dec 2017.
Go Pete!
Oskar Speck's 30,000 Mile Paddle
Thursday, 18 January 2018 09:58 |
Until recently I thought Freya Hoffmeister, with her 27,000km multi-year voyage around South America held the record for the longest trip ever. Not so!
Vanity Fair just published a remarkable story about Oskar Speck, who in 1932, paddled away from the bleak prospects of a Great Depression wracked Germany down the Danube River. Seven years and 30,000 miles later, he arrived in Australia, just in time to be interned as a enemy alien at the outbreak of the Second World War.
Surfing the Bundeena Bar - Sea Kayaks!
I don't usually list non-surfski videos, but this one is exceptional. The location is Bundeena: a village on the outskirts of southern Sydney (29 km south of the Sydney central business district), in the state of New South Wales, Australia.
The poster, Mark Sundin, is a well known explorer, kayak instructor and paddler in Aus. He's part of Expedition Kayaks, based in Sydney.
The comment on the Expedition Kayaks Facebook page says it all: "Nick, Rob & Andrew having a great time out on the residual groundswell from Sydney's 'Big Tuesday'. It's a reminder of the virtue of shorter, manoeuvrable playboats with volume for absolutely rocking it in the surf, rather than just hanging on & surviving it."
For me, as a surfski paddler, some of the interesting points are:
It looks as though they have the rudders up most of the time. Is this a Sea Kayak "thing" for playing in surf?
Watch how they're not just using their paddles to brace but actually to steer on the waves. I'm not sure this would be possible on surfskis!
One of the guys capsizes - but of course, being an expert sea kayaker, he simply rolls upright again.
Not all sea kayakers are "sunday drivers"! Respect!
But this looks like an absolutely awesome location to take a surfski - in the right conditions!
Ze Race - 50km Downwind in Guadaloupe
"Why go all the way to Guadeloupe?" I asked Nelo Surfski CEO Oscar Chalupsky. "We sold a lot of skis there," he replied, "and it's a lot warmer than Porto!" Oscar Chalupsky leaves his home Portugal on Saturday to fly, via Paris, to the Caribbean to take part in one of the longest downwind races in the world, Ze Race in Guadeloupe.
And I suspect it's the "downwind" part that's the deciding factor that's attracting him there!
"The BEST Downwind" DAZ in Perth
Darryl Khng (DAZ) lives in Perth, Western Australia and is a prolific downwinder as his YouTube account testifies.
This video was shot in Perth on a run from Point Peron to South Beach, south of Fremantle, WA. The runs are crazy clean - the water is crystal clear and warm. What's not to like?!
Click here to see more of DAZ's downwind vids.
Gale-force Durban Downwind
Durban resident Sharon Armstrong paddles a Carbonology Sport Zest surfski (and owns two of them, a full-carbon and a hybrid version). "Due to the fact that my passion lies in downwinding in winds that exceed 30 knots and I do very little to no flat paddling, I chose an intermediate boat as I feel in 30-40 knot winds it is better suited," she said. "It is also a bit shorter so I can manoeuvre on the wave easily to maximise the runs. It catches and handles runs amazingly and is very reactive."
The route she was following on the day of this video was from Marine Surf Club (Addington Beach) in Durban and to Umhlanga (Durban View Beach). The route is +- 16km beach to beach.
When not on the ski, she does pilates, gym and swimming...
Go Sharon! More of these videos, please!


So if you're interested..LET'S HEAR IT!
Go Bath Wildcats and Wildkittens! Go Ohio State!
I'm in, and yes I always play to the end.
Any updates on this? Getting the itch with less than a month till regular season starts.
Who u talking to joe?
It looks like there's pretty good interest so I'll make the league next week but keep the teams coming!!
Think my smartphone wasnt being so smart lol.....Im in!
Unless something comes up where I can't do it, TOMORROW IS THE DAY!
Get in FAST so we can get this baby rolling! It'll be a autopick draft and I'll have it ASAP within the next 10 day!
Any questions? Ask away or drop me a PM!
Keep em coming! We've got 7 so far but MUST have an even number to draft!
Let's go! Still need one more team ASAP!
what is, the fact that I have won it 4 years in a row? you had the same options as i had in the league so if you are going to complain about the pitching i don't know what to tell ya'.


text:
There's a story about going to a class of young children and asking these young kids, "Who can write an opera? A symphony? Be a high ranking leader, a politician, an astronaut, a doctor, a president?"And what happens? The whole class, they put their hands up because they don't know what can't be done. They haven't learned that yet. It's all possible. Ask the same questions of that same class five years later, 10 years later, 20 years later and what happens? The hands start going down. Why is that? Because they've been poisoned by this thing called "I can't." They think they already know what's not possible and that's the killer.I've always tried to be that little kid with his hand in the air. It really works to be that naïve, to really think you can do anything.
— Robert Rodriguez, Commencement Address at University of Texas, 2009
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One of the pioneers was Celestino Navajas Mature, whose strong family roots to Fuemnayor led him to establish his winery in this town in 1870.
He studies in Burgundy and becomes the winery's manager, driving quality and the international success of its wines by introducing innovative winemaking techniques like cold vinification.
Having no heirs, José Luis trusts the Osborne famiily, another great wine dynasty, to continue a legacy of courage, vision and expertise.
The Osborne family consolidates the visionary spirit of the founding family, building new winemaking facilities in Navarrete in order to drive the international footprint their emblematic age-worthy wines.
A new century brought higher quality standards, everything from introducing new Ganímede tanks and small flextanks for fine wines or GPS-controlled vineyard systems. Among other things, an annual barrel renovation rate was defined.
Our cellar door was renovated and our brand introduced its new visual identity: a return to the foundations, to the heart of our heritage, to the authentic Rioja, to our calling to transcend.


St Andrews Baptist Church is pleased to offer new internships. If you are interested in becoming an intern in one of the following areas please complete the form below. This will be emailed to the church office where someone will be able to contact you with more information.


text:
Q: Commutative subtraction It is well known that subtraction is not commutative in general.
However, it is commutative in some groups: $\mathbb I$, $\mathbb C_2$, $\mathbb K_4$.
I am trying to understand the logic.
Considering a difference between elements $a$ and $b$ of a commutative magma (+) is an element $c$ of the magma with the following properties:

*

*$b + c = c + b = a$;

*$c$ is unique;

subtraction can be defined as a binary operation on a commutative magma returning the difference between two elements.
Let's call a commutative magma subtractive if it is closed under subtraction.
Is there a simple way to find all subtractive magmas or groups with commutative subtraction?
Are there infinite subtractive magmas or groups with commutative subtraction?

A: Suppose $S$ is a subtractive commutative magma in which subtraction is commutative.  Then for any $a,b\in S$, we have $$(a+b)+b=(a+b)+((a+b)-a)=(a+b)+(a-(a+b))=a$$ which means $a+b=a-b$.  Conversely, if $S$ is a subtractive commutative magma in which $a+b=a-b$ for all $a$ and $b$, then subtraction is obviously commutative.  So commutativity of subtraction is equivalent to subtraction being the same as addition.  Or, a commutative magma has subtraction which is commutative iff it satisfies the identity $(a+b)+b=a$ (since this identity implies subtraction exists and coincides with addition).
In particular, if $S$ is a group, subtraction being the same as addition just means that $a=-a$ or $2a=0$ for all $a\in S$.  Thus the abelian groups with commutative subtraction are exactly the abelian groups in which every element has order dividing $2$, i.e. the vector spaces over $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$.
A bit more generally, suppose $S$ is a nonempty subtractive commutative semigroup.  Fix some element $a\in S$ and let $0=a-a$.  Then for any $b\in S$, $a+0+b=a+b$ and so $0+b=(a+b)-b=b$.  That is, $0$ is an identity element. We also see that $0-b$ is an inverse for $b$ and so $S$ is a group.  Thus the semigroup case reduces to the group case: a subtractive commutative semigroup with commutative subtraction is either empty or a vector space over $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$.
For more general (not necessarily associative) magmas, I doubt there is any nice classification.  Here is one neat class of examples.  Let $(S,+)$ be any abelian group and fix an element $z\in S$.  Define an operation $\oplus$ on $S$ by $$a\oplus b=z-a-b.$$  I claim $(S,\oplus)$ is a commutative subtractive magma in which subtraction is commutative.  It is clear that $\oplus$ is commutative.  To see it is subtractive and subtraction is commutative, note that $a\oplus c=b$ iff $c=z-a-b$ and so the difference between $a$ and $b$ with respect to $\oplus$ is $z-a-b$.
A bit more generally, you could also take any subset of $S$ closed under this operation $\oplus$.  Note though that not every example arises in this way.  Indeed, any example of this form satisfies the identity $$((a\oplus b)\oplus c)\oplus d=((a\oplus d)\oplus c)\oplus b$$ (they are both equal to $z-a-b-d+c$).  However, this identity does not hold in every example; in particular, it does not hold in the free commutative magma satisfying the identity $(a+b)+b=a$ on four elements.  (Proof sketch: say that a word is reduced if it cannot be shrunken using $(a+b)+b=a$.  Prove by induction on length that each word can be reduced to a unique reduced word (modulo swapping the order of sums).  Conclude that each element of a free object is represented by a unique reduced word on the generators. Thus if $a,b,c,d$ are free generators, then $((a+b)+c)+d$ and $((a+d)+c)+b$ are distinct reduced words and so are not equal.)

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African American civil rights by Angela Jones
The paper is devoted to the review of the book by Angela Jones African American civil rights: Early activism and the Niagara Movement. Firstly, attention will be given to the analysis of book's structure and organization. The next stage of the review is devoted to arguments that an author presents in her work. Special attention will be given to comprehensibility of these arguments. The next phase of the analysis is devoted to the overview of the author's research process, whether it was narrow and based on a few works of authors with limited views on the situation or the writer studied works of many authors with different viewpoints.
Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood
The novel The Handmaid's Tale by Margaret Atwood covers the events in the imaginary Gilead republic, where sexually transmitted diseases and toxic pollution proliferation have led to widespread sterility and few births. The story is told from the first person by the main protagonist, Offred, a handmaid, whose only existence depends on the potential of her uterus. The Eyes, Angels and Guardians are used to enforce a strict moral code of the country. The position of women in the society leaves them with no rights. They are forbidden to work, own property and read.
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Q: Problem regarding mail content I am sending mail to the customers. And the format is like this:

Name: abc. Company:ccc. Address: sde.

So the mail is coming out in continuous format which I don't want.
I want it in this format:

Name: abc.
Company:ccc.
Address: sde.

I'm currently using string.format to populate each of the values and later on replacing '.' with '\n'.
However, it looks like that is not working.
Any suggestions on how to make it look like this?

A: Use BodyFormat property to format your mails as HTML format, and use
 for the line breaks.
MailMessage myMail = new MailMessage();
myMail.BodyFormat = MailFormat.Html;
myMail.Body = "Name: abc.
";
myMail.Body += "Company:ccc.
";
myMail.Body += "Address: sde.
";

A: Try Environment.NewLine

A: Have you tried "\n\r"?
Is the body set to be plain text or html?

A: If you are building a long string, I recommend you use StringBuilder.
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
sb.AppendLine(string1);
sb.AppendLine(string2):
sb.AppendLine(""); //empty line
mailMessage.Body = sb.ToString();

Edit:  I use this to send our text only emails and it works on non-HTML emails.

A: @Canavar's answer is good, but not all mail clients support html and even those that do may have it turned off for security purposes.
As an alternative, I would say use MailFormat.Text and use the System.Environment.NewLine

A: If HTML format is ok, you could just insert

If not, and you are using outlook to view the message, try one of these two:

*

*Use \n\n

*Keep your period so that the line ends with .\n

I know this seems odd, but it may make outlook happy.


Enquiry from Online Galleries regarding "George III Period Mahogany Library Desk"
A very good George III period mahogany library desk of restrained form. One side with nine drawers the reverse with pedestal cupboards and three drawers to the top section. The best design of its type.


UCLA, 1977-2009, Dept. of Germanic Languages: Old Norse Studies: Old Norse Language and Sagas, Viking History, Medieval Society, Feud and violence, Viking Age Archaeology, Archaeology of the North Atlantic.
Icelandic Archaeological Representative to the Advisory Board of the international Serial Nominations Committee for UNESCO World Heritage Sites of the Viking Age.
Jesse Byock is Director and Head Archaeologist of the Mosfell Archaeological Project (MAP) excavating in Iceland's Mosfell Valley (Mosfellsdalur). MAP works in collaboration with the National Museum of Iceland, the Icelandic National Cultural Heritage Agency, and the town of Mosfellsbær. The work is providing an in-depth multi-disciplinary study of the Viking Age and Iceland's early centuries. MAP has a broad vision, combining archaeology, history, and anthropology with the study of medieval sagas and modern forensic, medical, and environmental research. The work is international, involving a considerable number of universities, scholars, and research laboratories on both sides of the Atlantic. The project began with the publication in Scientific American of the article, "Egil's Bones: A Viking Warrior and Paget's Disease," analyzing information found in an Icelandic saga through modern medical research.
The Mosfell Valley is an exceptionally rich archaeological environment has been largely overlooked archaeologically and historically. The human landscape that we are unearthing begins with Iceland's 9th-centuryViking Age, with research focusing on varied environments. The valley encapsulates the major ecologies of Iceland: coastal, riverine, and highland and the different landscape segments are subject to a variety of climate changes. MAP's research is done in defined sections uncovering extensive (and new) documentation of human adaptation and environmental change in the North Atlantic during the Viking Age.
In the tenth and eleventh centuries an important chieftain family dominated the Mosfell Valley and controlled the Viking Age seaport at Leiruvogur (Clay Bay). Shortly after its settlement, the Valley developed into an Icelandic community of the Viking period connected to greater Iceland by road networks. These we are discovering. Through its seaport at the valley mouth, the Viking Age inhabitants were in contact with distant medieval worlds, perhaps as far away as Central Asia, Constantinople, and Greenland. Here too, MAP has made discoveries.
As the MAP multi-national team unearths the chieftain's hall, pagan and Christian burial yards, cremation site, monumental stone-ship burial sites, early farmsteads, the early Christian church, and the Viking Age port at Leiruvogur at the coastal mouth of the Mosfell Valley, MAP is amassing a wealth of new information about society, life, health, and power in early Iceland. The archaeology is supplying the hard data for an invigorated understanding of the medieval sagas, several of which describe the specific MAP excavation sites in the Mosfell Valley.
There is urgency to our task. The Mosfell Valley lies within the greater Reykjavik area. Rapid urban expansion of Iceland's capitol and largest city has, since we began our archaeology, in the most recent years spread across the coastal lowlands at the mouth of the valley. New housing and industrial parks are planned and endanger the ancient sites. MAP´s work is now to unearth the prehistory and early Viking Age past of the valley before it is lost. The goal is to document and preserve this extraordinary cultural heritage.
Harvard University, Dept. of Germanic Languages, Scandinavian Program Ph.D., 1978 in Medieval Scandinavia and Old Norse Language, History, and Sagas.
Norwegian Government Kulturdepartementet grant for excavation research; Ahmanson Field Research Grants for Viking Archaeology; Arcadia Research Grants for Mosfell Archaeology and Old Norse Research; Icelandic Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture (Mennta-málaráðuneytið) grants; Alcoa Foundation for Icelandic Heritage Project; Fulbright Senior Specialist Research Grant for Collaborative historical and archaeological research Dept. of History, University of Iceland; John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Saga texts and Archaeology of a Viking Age Chieftain's Establishment; Deustsche Forschungs Gemeinshaft, Center of Excellence Project (Häfen von der Römischen Kaiserzeit bis zum Mittelalter. Zur Archäologie und Geschichte regionaler und überregionaler Verkehrssysteme) in cooperation with Zentrum für Baltische und Skandinavische Archäologie, Stiftung Schleswig-Holsteinische Landesmuseen; UCLA Academic Senate Grants for Viking Archaeology; UCLA Council on Research, Research Enhancement Initiative Fellowship; National Science Foundation, Co-Principal Investigator; Fulbright Distinguished Senior Fellowship Award for Research in Old Norse Archaeology; University of California President's Research Fellowship for Archival Research; National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Research Fellowship for Research Concerning the Mosfell Excavation; UCLA International Studies and Overseas Programs Faculty Research Grant; UC Berkeley Center for European Studies Research Fellowship, Nationalism and the Sagas; National Endowment for the Humanities Senior Research Fellowship for the book Feud in the Icelandic Sagas; Fulbright Senior Research Grant for Feud and Arbitration in Early Iceland.
Jesse L. Byock. Altnordisch 1: Die Sprache der Wikinger, Runen und Isländischen Sagas. (2016) Jules William Press.
Jesse L. Byock. Viking Language 2: The Old Norse Reader. (2015) Jules William Press.
Davide Zori and Jesse Byock (editors). Viking Archaeology in Iceland: The Mosfell Archaeological Project (2014). Turnhout: Brepols Publishers (Cursor Mundi).
Jesse L. Byock. Viking Language 1: Learn Old Norse, Runes, and Icelandic Sagas (2013). Jules William Press.
Grettir's Saga. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.
Viking Age Iceland. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2001. Multiple printings.
French edition (L'Islande des Vikings), Paris: Flammarion Editions Aubier, 2007.
Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power. (1988). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Russian edition, INOSTRANKA/CoLIBRI Publishers, forthcoming 2009.
Italian edition, Mondadori, forthcoming 2010.
Saga and Myths of the Northmen. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2006.
The Prose Edda. London and New York: Penguin Books, 2005.
The Saga of King Hrof Kraki. (1998). London and New York: Penguin Books, Multiple printings.
The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon-Slayer. (1990). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California press. Multiple printings.
Penguin edition. (1999). Londion and New York: Penguin Books. Multiple printings.
British edition. (1993). London: Hisarlik Press.
Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power. (1988). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Multiple hardcover and paperback printings.
Danish edition. (1999). Island i sagatiden: Samfund, magt od fejde. (Iceland in the Saga Period: Society, Power, and feud) C.A. reitzel: Copenhagen. Multiple printings.
Japanese edition (A Social History of the Sagas and the Free State in Medieval Iceland, 1992). Tokyo: Tokai University Press.
A History Book Club Selection. 1989-1990. Multiple printings.
Feud in the Icelandic Saga. (1982). Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Japanese edition. (1998). Tokyo: Tokai University Press.
Viking Age Graves in the Mosfell Valley: The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2001. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Reykjavík.
2002	- Byock, Jesse, Phillip Walker, Jon Erlandson, Per Holck, and Mark Tveskov. Pagan and Christian Burial Sites at Hrísbrú: The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2002. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Reykjavík.
The Church Knoll (Kirkjuhóll) and Elfin Hill (Hulduhóll) Excavations at Hrísbrú in the Mosfell Valley: The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2003. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Iceland, Reykjavík.
The Kirkjuhóll and Hulduhóll Excavations, Phase 2, at Hrísbrú in the Mosfell Valley, Iceland: The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2004. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Reykjavík.
Excavations and Survey at Hrísbrú, Tjaldanes, and Borg in Mosfellsveit, Iceland: Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2005. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Reykjavík.
Discovering the Longhouse at Hrísbrú in the Mosfell Valley: The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2006. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Reykjavík.
The Hrísbrú Longhouse and Kirkjuhóll Churchyard Excavations, Mosfell Valley, Iceland: The Mosfell Archaeological Project 2007. Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Reykjavík.
The Hrísbrú Longhouse Excavation and Borg Test Excavation: The Mosfell Archaeological Project 2008. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Iceland, Reykjavík.
Farmstead Survey in the Mosfell Valley: Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2009. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Iceland, Reykjavík.
The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2010-2011. Submitted to Fornleifavernd Ríkisins, Iceland, Reykjavík.
The Mosfell Archaeological Project: Research Report 2012. Submitted to Minjastofnun Íslands, Reykjavík.
The Mosfell Archaeological Project: Research Report 2013. Submitted to Minjastofnun Íslands, Reykjavík.
Excavations at Skiphóll Mound in Leiruvugur and the Low-Highland Site of Borg, The Mosfell Archaeological Project: Research Report 2014. With additional contributions by Brian Damiata, Egill Erlendsson, Sigrid Juel Hansen, Liam Lanigan, Sven Kalmring, Karen Milek, Wolfgang Rabbel, Michèle Hayeur Smith, Nikola Trbojevic, Pawel Wasowicz, Dennis Wilken, Tina Wunderlich. Submitted to Minjastofnun Íslands, Reykjavík.
Jesse Byock and Davide Zori (2017). "Predictive Models and Historical Sources for Finding a North Atlantic Port: The Leiruvogur Harbour at the Mouth of Iceland's Mosfell Valley." Häfen im 1. Millennium AD Standortbedingungen, Entwicklungsmodelle und ökonomische Vernetzung. Interdisziplinäre Forschungen zu den Häfen von der Römischen Kaiserzeit bis zum Mittelalter in Europa Band 4. Herausgegeben von Sven Kalmring und Lukas Werther Claus von Carnap-Bornheim, Falko Daim, Peter Ettel und Ursula Warnke, (series eds). Römisch- Germanisches Zentralmuseum (RGZM): Mainz, pp. 137-157.
Jesse Byock (2017). L'Islande durant l'âge Viking: sagas et cultures d'un « grand village ». Eds. Frédéric Boutouille et Stéphane Gomis dans Cultures villageoises au Moyen Âge et á l'époque modern, La Collection Flaran (Actes du colloque de Flaran 37), Presses Universitaires du Midi, pp. 119-134.
Schmid, Magdalena ME, Davide Zori, Egill Erlendsson, Cathy Batt, Brian N Damiata, and Jesse Byock (2017). "A Bayesian approach to linking archaeological, paleoenvironmental and documentary datasets relating to the settlement of Iceland (Landnám)." The Holocene (1–15).
Wilken, Denis, Tina Wunderlich, Davide Zori, Sven Kalmring, Wolfgang Rabbel, Jesse Byock (2016). "Integrated GPR and archaeological investigations reveal internal structure of man-made Skiphóll mound in Leiruvogur, Iceland." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports (2016):64-72.
Jesse Byock, Davide Zori, Claus von Carnap-Bornheim, Sven Kalmring, Dennis Wilken, Tina Wunderlich, Wolfgang Rabbel, Ralph Schneider, David Höft, Steven Shema, Klaus Schwarzer. (2015). "A Viking Age Harbour in Iceland: The Leiruvogur Harbor Research Project (DFG SP 1630). In Häfen im 1. Millenium A.D. – Bauliche Konzepte, herrschaftliche und religiöse Einflüsse, Schmidts T, Vucetic M (eds). Band 1 der Reihe Interdisziplinäre Forschungen zu Häfen von der Römischen Kaiserzeit bis zum Mittelalter, von Carnap-Bornheim C, Daim F, Ettel P, Warnke U (eds). Römisch- Germanisches Zentralmuseum (RGZM): Mainz, pp. 289-312.
Jesse Byock. L'Islande, ou les possibilitiés d'une île. Vikings: La saga Scandinave. Historia, numéro 23 (mai-juin 2015):52-55.
Dennis Wilken, Tina Wunderlich, Wolfgang Rabbel, Davide Zori, Sven Kalmring & Jesse Byock (2015). Imaging the 1500AD Katla Tephra inside the Leiruvogur harbor "Inner Skiphóll" by GPR. Poster, International Conference on Archaeological Prospection, Warsaw.
Wolfgang Rabbel, Dennis Wilken, Tina Wunderlich, Steve Bödecker, Helmut Brückner, Jesse Byock, Claus von Carnap-Bornheim, Heike Kennecke, Martina Karle, Sven Kalmring, Sebastian Messal, Thomas Schmidts, Martin Seeliger, Martin Segschneider, Davide Zori (2015). Geophysikalische Prospektion von Hafensituationen – Möglichkeiten, Anwendungen und Forschungsbedarf. In Häfen im 1. Millenium A.D. – Bauliche Konzepte, herrschaftliche und religiöse Einflüsse, Schmidts T, Vucetic M (eds). Band 1 der Reihe Interdisziplinäre Forschungen zu Häfen von der Römischen Kaiserzeit bis zum Mittelalter, von Carnap-Bornheim C, Daim F, Ettel P, Warnke U (eds). Römisch- Germanisches Zentralmuseum (RGZM): Mainz, pp. 323-340.
Dennis Wilken, Tina Wunderlich, Wolfgang Rabbel, Davide Zori, Sven Kalmring and Jesse Byock (2015). Imaging the 1500 AD Katla tephra inside the Leiruvogur "Inner Skiphóll" harbour using GPR. Archaeologia Polona 53: 167-171.
Tina Wunderlich, Dennis Wilken, Jasmin Andersen, Wolfgang Rabbel, Davide Zori, Sven Kalmring and Jesse Byock (2015). Mapping medieval turf buildings with geophysical methods. Tina Wunderlich, Archaeologia Polona 53: 171-174.
Tina Wunderlich, Dennis Wilken, Jasmin Andersen, Wolfgang Rabbel, Davide Zori, Sven Kalmring and Jesse Byock (2015). "On the Ability of Geophysical Methods to Image Medieval Turf Buildings in Iceland." Archaeological Prospection (2015). Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com).
Byock, Jesse. "The Mosfell Archaeological Project: Archaeology, Sagas and History." Chapter 3, in Viking Age Archaeology in Iceland: the Mosfell Archaeological Project, edited by Davide Zori and Jesse Byock. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2014, pp. 27-44.
Byock, Jesse, and Davide Zori. "Introduction: Viking Archaeology and the Mosfell Archaeological Project." Chapter 1, in Viking Age Archaeology in Iceland: the Mosfell Archaeological Project, edited by Davide Zori and Jesse Byock. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2014, pp. 1-18.
Erlandson, Jon M., Jesse Byock, and Davide Zori. "Egil's Grave? Archaeology and Egil's Saga at Kirkjuhóll, Hrísbrú." Chapter 4, in Viking Age Archaeology in Iceland: the Mosfell Archaeological Project, edited by Davide Zori and Jesse Byock. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2014, pp. 45-53.
Hansen, Sigrid Cecilie Juel, Davide Zori, and Jesse Byock. "Artefacts from the Viking Age Longhouse at Hrísbrú." Chapter 9, in Viking Age Archaeology in Iceland: the Mosfell Archaeological Project, edited by Davide Zori and Jesse Byock. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2014, pp. 117-134.
Milek, Karen, Davide Zori, Colin Connors, Waltraud Baier, Kate Baker, and Jesse Byock. "The Organization and Use of Space in the House at Hrísbrú." Chapter 13, in Viking Age Archaeology in Iceland: the Mosfell Archaeological Project, edited by Davide Zori and Jesse Byock. Brepols Publishers, Turnhout, 2014, pp. 143-162.
Jesse Byock and Davide Zori. "Viking Archaeology, Sagas, and Interdisciplinary Research in Iceland's Mosfell Valley." in Backdirt: Review of the Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLA, 2013, pp. 124-141.
Zori, Davide, Jesse Byock, Egill Erlendsson, Steve Martin, Thomas Wake, and Kevin J. Edwards, "Feasting in Viking Age Iceland: Sustaining a Chiefly Political Economy in a Marginal Environment." Antiquity 87(2013):150-165.
Walker, Phillip, Jesse Byock, Jacqueline Eng, Jon Erlandson, Per Holck, Henry Schwarz, Davide Zori. The Axed Man of Mosfell: Skeletal Evidence of a Viking Age Homicide and the Icelandic Sagas. In The Bioarchaeology of Individuals, edited by Ann Stodder and Ann Palkovich, pp. 26-43. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, 2012.
Bathurst, Rhonda, Davide Zori, Jesse Byock. "Diatoms as bioindicators of site use: locating turf structures from the Viking Age." Journal of Archaeological Science, 37 (2010) 2920-2928.
Wärmländer, Sebastian, Davide Zori, Jesse Byock, David A. Scott. "Metallurgical findings from a Viking Age chieftain´s farm in Iceland." Journal of Archaeological Science 37 (2010) 2284-2290.
Jesse Byock. "Findings from the Mosfell Archaeological Project's Seminal 2002 Excavations." In Heimtur: Ritgerðir til Heidurs Gunnari Karlssyni Sjötugum, eds. Guðmundur Jónsson, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson, Vésteinn Ólason. Reykjavík: Mál og menning (2009), pp. 94-109.
Jesse Byock. "Sagas and Archaeology in the Mosfell Valley, Iceland." In á austrvega Saga and East Scandinavia, The 14th International Saga Conference, vol. I, eds. Agneta Ney, Henrik Williams, and Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist. Gävle: Gävle University Press, 2009, 167-175.
Byock, Jesse. "Intervention. Colloque de Monsieur L'Ambassadeur." Courrier d'Islande (Avril, 2008), 18-20.
Byock, Jesse. "Grágás." Handwörterbuch zur deutschenRechtsgeschichte, Frankfort am Main: Erich Schmidt Verlag, 2009, 146-148.
Jesse Byock. Defining Feud: Talking Points and Iceland's Saga Women. In Feud in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, ed. Jeppe Bűrchert Netterstrøm and Bjorn Poulsen. Aarhus Universitets Forlag, 2007, pp. 69-94.
Walker, P., Byock, J., Eng, J.T., Erlandson, J., Holck, P., Prizer, K., Tveskov, M. (2004). "Bioarchaeological evidence for the heath status of an early Icelandic population." American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Supplement 38, 204.
Byock, J. "Social Memory and the Sagas: The Case of Egils saga." Scandinavian Studies." 76/3(2004), 299-316.
Byock, J., Walker, P., Erlandson, J., Holck, P., Eng, J.T., Prizer, K., Byock, A., Tveskov, M. "A Viking Age farm, church, and cemetery at Hrísbrú, Mosfell Valley, Iceland." Antiquity Vol. 77 No 297(2003), September.
Jesse Byock. "Feuding in Viking Age Iceland's Great Village." In Conflict in Medieval Europe: Changing Perspectives on Society and Culture. Eds. Warren Cl Brown and Piotr Górecki. Aldershot: Ashgate, (2003), pp. 229-241.
Jesse Byock. "The Mosfell Archaeological Project, 2002 Excavation" in, Scandinavian and Christian Europe in the Middle Ages, eds. Rudolf Simek and Judith Meurer, The 12 th International Saga Conference, Bonn: Universität Bonn, (2003), pp. 72-79.
"Volsunga Saga" in Classical and Medieval Literature Criticism, vol. 55, ed. Lynn M. Zott, New York: Gale-Thompson, (2003), pp. 191-201.
Byock , J., P. Walker, Dickin, A, Erlandsson, J., Guðmundsson, M., Holck, P. Schwarz, H., Tveskov, M., Eng, J., Prizer, K., Reid, M., Scott, D., Sigurgeirsson, M., and Zori. D. (2003). Archaeological Investigations of Viking Age Sites in the Mosfell Valley, Iceland: Preliminary Excavation Report: Hrísbrú, Mosfellssveit, Iceland. July 31 – August 20, 2002.
Byock, J., Walker, P., Erlandsson, Jon, Holck, P., Eng, J., and Sigurgeirsson, M. The Mosfell Archaeological Project: Field Season Summer 2001. (2002). Preliminary Report, submitted to Þjóðminjasafn (the National Museum of Iceland) and to Fornleifavernd ríkisins (The Archaeological Protection Agency of Iceland). 51 pages.
"The Icelandic Althing: Dawn of Parliamentary Democracy." In Heritage and Identity: Shaping the Nations of the North, ed. J. M. Fladmark, pp 1-18. The Heyerdahl Institute and Robert Gordon University. Donhead St. Mary, Shaftesbury: Donhead, 2002, pp. 1-18.
Archaeological Investigations of Viking Age Sites in the Mosfell Valley, Iceland: Excavation Report: Hrísbrú, Mosfellssveit, Iceland. July 31 – August 20, 2002.
"The Sagas and the Twenty First Century." In Honor of Franz Bäuml, eds. Ursula Schaefer and Edda Spielman. Dresden, 2001. pp. 71-84.
"The Law and Concubinage in Early Iceland." In Aaron Gurevich: Studies in History and Society, pp. 36-43. Moscow: 2000. In Russian.
Byock, J., and J Steinberg, (1999). "Mosfell Valley: Tracing Viking Settlers in Iceland" Backdirt, Cotsen institute of Archaeology Fall/Winter, 8-9.
"Egilssaga og samfélagsminni," in Íslenska söguþingið. Ráðstefnurit I.eds. Guðmundsson, G. J., & Björnsson, E. K. Reykjavík: Sagnfræðistofnun Háskóla Íslands & Sagnfræðingafélag Íslands, 1998), pp. 379-389.
"Samvinnu er lykilatriði í sagnfræði." Interview with Jesse Byock, Sagnir '98': Tímarit um söguleg efni.19(1998): 71-76.
"Excavation Report: Mosfell and Hrísbrú, Mosfellssveit, September 1995." By Jesse Byock, Director of the Mosfell Archaeological Project, prepared with: Timothy Earle–Northwestern University; Philip Walker–UC Santa Barbara; and Sigurður Bergsteinsson–National Museum of Iceland. In, 10 th Internationale Sagakonferanse, Trondheim, 3. – 9. August , 1997. Trondheim: Senter for Middelalderstudier, 1997.
Byock, J., and Krygier, M. "Teaching Old Icelandic U-Umlaut: A Student Friendly Approach." (1997). Germanic Studies in Honor of Anatoly Liberman. Odense: Odense University Press, pp. 47-55.
"The Fornaldarsögur: Stephen Mitchell's Contribution." Oral Tradition 10/2(1995): 451-457.
"Egil's Bones." Archaeology: Annual Edition 1996/97. Guilford: Brown and Benchmark Publishers, 80-85.
"Egil's Bones: A Viking Warrior and Paget's Disease." Scientific American 272/1 (January, 1995): 82-87.
"Die Egil-saga und das Paget-Syndrom," Spectrum der Wissenschaft (März, 1995): 90-95.
"Ko Ñ ci Egila" Ð wiat Nauki (Marzec 1995): 72-77.
"Le ossa di Egill," Le Scienze 319 (Marzo, 1995): 74-79.
"Choices of Honor: Telling Saga Feud, Tháttr, and the Fundamental Oral Progression." Oral Tradition 10/1(1995):166-180.
"Modern nationalism and the medieval sagas." In Northern Antiquity: The Post-Medieval Reception of Edda and Saga, ed. Andrew Wawn. London: Hisarlik Press, 1994, pp. 163-187.
"Narrating Saga Feud: Deconstructing The Fundamental Oral Progression." In Sagnaþing: Helgað Jónasi Kristjánssýni sjötugum 10. apríl 1994, ed. Gísli Sigurðsson, Guðrún Kvaran, and Sigurgeir Steingrímsson. Reykjavík: Hið íslenska bókmenntafélag, 1994, pp. 97-106.
"State and Statelessness in Early Iceland." In Samtíðarsögur: The Contemporary Sagas, vol. I. Níunda Alþjóðlega Fornsagnaþingið. Akureyri: Stofnun Árna Magnússonar, 1994, pp. 155-169.
"Alþingi," "Bóndi," "Goði," "Hólmganga," and "Outlawry." In the Encyclopedia of Old Norse Studies, ed. Philip Pulsiano. New York: Garland Publishers, 1993.
"Skull and Bones in Egils saga: A Viking, A Grave, and Paget's Disease." Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 24(1993):23-50.
"Þjóðernishyggja nútímans og Íslendingasögurnar." Tímarit Máls og menningar 1(1993): 36-50.
"Hauskúpan og beinin í Egils sögu" Skírnir: Tímarit hins íslenska bókmenntafélags. (Spring 1994): 73-109.
Byock, J., and Skia, (1992). "Disease and Archaeology in Egil's saga: A First Look." The Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History, 411-22.
"History and the sagas: the effect of nationalism." In From Sagas to Society: Comparative Approaches to Early Iceland, ed. Gísli Pálsson. London: Hisarlik Press, 1992, pp. 44-59.
"Íslendingasögur og kenningar um formgerð frásagna: Munnleg hefð og bóksögur í ljósi samfélagsgerðar." Tímarit Máls og menningar 2(1990): 21-39.
"Sigurðr Fáfnisbani: An Eddic Hero Carved on Norwegian Stave Churches." In Poetry in the Scandinavian Middle Ages. The Seventh International Saga Conference, ed. Theresa Pàroli. Spoleto: Centro Italiano di Studi Sull'Alto Medioevo, 1990, pp. 619-628.
"Vinfengi og valdatafl." Skírnir: Tímarit hins Íslenska bókmenntafélags 162(1988): 127-137.
"Inheritance and Ambition in Eyrbyggja saga." In The Sagas of the Icelanders: Essays in Criticism, ed. John Tucker, pp. 185-205. New York: Garland Publishers, 1988.
"The Age of the Sturlungs." In Continuity and Change: Political Institutions and Literary Monuments in the Middle Ages, ed. Elisabeth Vestergaard, pp. 27-42. Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium Organized by the Center for the Study of Vernacular Literature in the Middle Ages. Odense: Odense University Press, 1986.
"The Dark Figure as Survivor in an Icelandic Saga." In The Dark Figure in Medieval German and Germanic Literature, ed. E. R. Haymes and S. C. Van D'Elden. Göppinger Arbeiten zur Germanistik 448. Göppingen: Kümmerle Verlag, 1986, 151-163.
"Governmental Order in Early Medieval Iceland." Viator: Medieval and Renaissance Studies 17(1986): 19-34.
"'Milliganga': Félagslegar rætur Íslendingasagna." Tímarit Máls og menningar 47(1986): 96-104.
"Saga Form, Oral Prehistory, and the Icelandic Social Context." New Literary History 16(1984-1985): 153-173.
"Cultural Continuity, the Church, and the Concept of Independent Ages in Medieval Iceland." Skandinavistik 15/1(1985):1-14.
"The Narrative Strategy of Small Feud Stories." In Les Sagas de Chevaliers (Riddarasögur), ed. Régis Boyer, pp. 404-415. Civilisations 10. Paris: Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 1985.
"The Power and Wealth of the Icelandic Church: Some Talking Points." In The Sixth International Saga Conference 1985, vol. 1, pp. 89-101. Copenhagen: Det arnamagnæanske Institut, 1985.
"The Lore of the Ring" (2005). BBC Radio 3 and BBC World Service. Radio program to accompany the New York Metropolitan Opera's rendition of Richard Wagner's Ring Cycle.
A Viking Landscape . (2004). Ross Films, Documentary about the Mosfell Archaeological Project.
"The Vikings: Fury From the North." (2001). Historical consultant on the Vikings for the History Channel.
"Leif Eiriksson – The Man Who Almost Changed History." (2000). Specialist narrator for documentary film for Public Television, Ward Television, Smithsonian Institute for the Year 2000 Viking Exhibition.
"Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga." (2000). Specialist narrator for documentary film for Smithsonian Institution. Year 2000 Viking Exhibition.
"Leif Eriksson." (1995). Specialist narrator for documentary film, Arts and Entertainment series, Biography.
"Vikings in America." (1995). Specialist narrator for documentary film, The History Channel.
Ulin, D., and Byock, J. "Medicine and Viking Disease." (1995). An episode in the series, A Moment of Science for National Public Radio.
"Evidence of the Vikings." (1995). BBC film for the historical documentary series, Timewatch on British Television. Principal historical consultant, heading the research and involved in the script writing, shooting, narrating, and clipping.


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The Lakewood Police Department began operations in May 1970. We have grown to a force of nearly 400 civilian and sworn employees. If you would like to learn more about the history of our department, please read our history book.
Read a letter from the Chief or, Watch a video from former Lakewood agents who have gone on to become police chiefs as they talk about the legacy of Lakewood. Learn about the history of the LPD from the people who were there from the beginning.
Ideally located at the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, Lakewood, Colorado, is a nationally recognized All-America City full of possibilities for residents, businesses and employees. We're a gateway to all the outdoor adventures of the mountains, and just minutes from the heart of the Denver metro area, full of urban amenities including museums, brewpubs, cultural and performing arts and multiple national sports teams such as the Denver Broncos football and Colorado Rockies baseball teams.
More than 152,000 residents make us Colorado's fifth largest city, and over a fourth of our 44 square miles is parkland and open space for hiking, fishing, golf and more. Lakewood is known for its innovative approaches, community collaboration and inclusive opportunities for all segments of our population. Our diverse neighborhoods range from urban-style lofts to rambling horse properties and everything in between.
Strong schools, a low crime rate, one of the most highly educated workforces in the country, home to global and local companies and a sunny climate all add up to make Lakewood a great place to live, work, and raise a family!


My human services background includes extensive work with families, couples, individuals, children, and youth through government, private, and not-for-profit organizations. Previous career interests have also encompassed advertising, marketing, editing, and public relations.
I've provided counselling, assessments, supervision, and have conducted research as a psychologist. I am currently completing a PsyD degree.
My orientation is primarily solution-focused, narrative and cognitive-behavioural. I offer you a collaborator — a companion and fellow traveller — as you navigate the waters of your life and find your own unique way through. My goal is to help you achieve yours . . . and to celebrate the journey with you.
We must each chart our own course . . . leave the harbour.