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We followed Chef Andrew Santana around his favorite places to eat and drink in San Diego, and got some insider secrets about his favorite menu items along the way. Andrew, a San Francisco transplant and California Culinary Academy graduate, used to be the chef de cuisine at Campfire in Carlsbad before taking over as executive chef at the newly revamped Charles + Dinorah (formerly EAT at the Pearl Hotel) where he introduced a seasonal menu with global influence.
Chef Andrew Santana rode his scooter from his Mission Hills neighborhood to Mozy Cafe in Encinitas.
For breakfast, we meet at Mozy Cafe, a roadside eatery with a beachy vibe in Encinitas. It's been under new ownership since February of this year, but the menu's stayed largely the same. "I like that it's not the typical bacon-and-eggs breakfast spot," Andrew says.
He's a fan of the insanity bowl, which combines black beans, brown rice, hummus, peppers, onions, carrots, avocado, salsa and cucumbers with Louisiana hot sauce and Sriracha; and the spicy Thai bowl, with tofu; but today he's starting a little tamer with the acai bowl.
Coffee: Steady State Roasting Co.
For coffee, we head to a place that can be a little tricky to find. Tucked into one of the plazas near the intersection where State Street merges onto Carlsbad Boulevard in North County is Steady State Roasting Co., a small-batch roastery with a cool, minimalist design that prides itself on the craft and care of specialty coffee drinks. "I've never seen coffee taken to this level," he says.
Definitely order a shot of espresso for the presentation alone, he advises. Served on a beautiful wood board, the shot comes with a chaser (of sorts) of sparkling water, which is how they serve it in Italy. Andrew also orders an iced Chelba, an Ethiopian blend with lots of berry, banana and cacao notes.
For savory pastries, Andrew can't get enough of Wayfarer Bread, started by fellow Bay Area native Crystal White, who came from Tartine Bakery in San Francisco. "I've created a dish [at Charles + Dinorah] based on her bread," he says. It's on his brunch menu, and you can get the toast with avocado, tomato and kale; peanut butter and house jam; or with albacore tuna, aioli and celery—all served on Wayfarer bread.
"Besides the amazing loaves, the ham-and-cheese croissant transports you," he says.
"There's nothing like a good burger, and this place isn't pretentious, it's got a good feel and they make the classic with cheese perfectly," he says of the creation piled high with bacon, Gruyère, caramelized onions, mustard, pickles and a special sauce.
He says you can't go wrong with whatever you pick on the often-changing menu. Today, old friend and executive chef Andrew Bachelier, serves him something off menu—a local white sea bass prepared with a bit of earthiness and heat, his take on a Peruvian-style ceviche. "This is inspirational," Andrew says, devouring the entire bowl (after letting me taste, of course).


Organic solar cells offer the promise of low-cost, energy-generating devices that can be mass produced, yet they remain relatively low in power conversion efficiency, typically 6% – 8% for conjugated polymer/fullerene blends. Light management is key to improving efficiency, and use of nanostructures can improve light trapping in the active layer significantly.
Electrospun high refractive index TiO2 nanowires can act as a light-harvesting layer when applied as a top coat to solution-processed polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells. Using a simple and scalable technique for coating, Hidetoshi Matsumoto and colleagues at the Tokyo Institute of Technology examined the relationship between the fraction of the surface covered by nanowires (coverage fraction) and the performance of the resulting organic solar cells.
The TiO2 nanowires within the coating were found to be ~135 nm in diameter on average, and ranged from 0.4 μm to 2.8 μm long. A USB-series spectrometer and tungsten halogen lamp were used to measure the relative UV-Vis reflectance spectra of the coatings, illuminating at 8° and then collecting diffusely scattered light with an integrating sphere (the reference was a thin, uncoated slide).
Relative reflection spectra for different coverage fractions of TiO2 nanowire-coated slides.
Application of a coating with a 0.33 coverage fraction reduced the relative reflectivity to below 1.0 for wavelengths above ~560 nm, effectively acting as a single layer antireflection (AR) coating and trapping light within the active layer. Increasing the coverage fraction of nanowires further, however, reduced the wavelength range of this AR effect. These results allowed researchers to focus their efforts on coatings with <0.4 coverage fraction in their quest to improve light trapping efficiency.
Current density-voltage (J-V) and external quantum efficiency measurements showed a clear enhancement effect of light intensity in the active layer due to the TiO2 nanowire coating, attributed both to light scattering within the coating and its AR effect. Reduced power conversion efficiencies for coverage fractions above 0.35 confirmed the reduced AR coating effect observed in the reflectivity study, showing the power of these measurements to predict impact on solar cell performance.
Nanostructure coatings can boost the efficiency of solar cells by improving light absorption in the active layer. When applied via scalable coating techniques, they offer a realistic option for low-cost organic solar devices as a source of clean, renewable energy.
Reference: Solution-Processed Nanowire Coating for Light Management in Organic Solar Cells. Tsuboi, K.; Fukawa, T.; Konosu, Y.; Matsumoto, H.;Tanioka, A. Journal of Nanotechnology, 2012, Article ID 387586, 7 pages.


text:
People: Supplier
By Richard SiddleJanuary 24, 2023
"We have found a way to succeed in what has probably been the toughest trading conditions we have had as an industry," says Beyond Wines' co-founder, Alex Green. Here's why having the right supplier partnership is key to that success.
Alex Green and Matthew Johnson have been around the wine industry long enough to know what it is that can make you fail in this sector, just as much as it takes to succeed.
Both are graduates of the talent pool recruited by Robin Copestick that helped make Copestick Murray one of the most innovative and disruptive wine importers and brand businesses in the UK.
Beyond Wines' Matt Johnson, left, and Alex Green believe they have the experience to offer something new as a wine supplier and partner
Now they are, by their own admission, looking to do something similar. But on their own. In fact they are have recently recruited Stuart Bond, also ex Copestick Murray, and more recently part of the Freixenet Copestick business it evolved into, to help take Beyond Wines to another level.
To do that means finding the right wine partners to work with in key wine exporting countries around the world, says Green. Producers and wine brand companies with the scale, clout and ambitions to help them bring in a constant line up of great quality, value wines at all the major commercial price points. Be they private label, exclusive lines or standalone brands with their own image and personality.
"Strategic partnership is one of the things that UK agents often do badly when they look to take on too many producers and end up working with too many suppliers around the world," says Green. "We think we can do a better job for our producers, and our customers, if we can have five to seven key strategic partners to work with. That is what we are doing now. Looking for producers who we can be with for the long term, helping to build wine brands together," he explains.
Ideally it would like to have an "answer" in every major wine producing country, be it "tactical or strategic". "We want to have a sourcing answer in every country we need to be in."
Beyond Wines got off to a great start by working with Cramele Recas, Romania's number one export wine producer, that is one of the few international producers with the scale and diverse product range that allows them to work with virtually every major retailer and operator in the country.
A producer like no other when it comes to keeping ahead of the market with quality, value added wines in all major international wine styles and packaging formats.
The South Africa opportunity
Beyond Wines has struck a strategic partnership with Overhex in South Africa to bring some of its quality and great value for money wines to the UK – like its Balance range
Now Beyond Wines has turned its attention to South Africa and linked up with the influential Overhex Wines, a former supplier of Copestick Murray and Freixenet Copestick, to be its UK partner with access to its wide range of bulk, bottle and branded wines.
The deal was struck and finalised at Cape Wine in South Africa in October and Beyond Wines has been importing its wines since the last quarter of 2022.
Having worked with Overhex during his Copestick Murray days, Green knows what huge potential and opportunities it offers.
"Overhex is a top five exporter of wine from South Africa, so it has the size and scale. But it also has the flexibility and ability to do smaller projects too. It sells bulk, but also has a really good marketing team and are a brand making machine."
Which is exactly why he believes "Overhex is a great fit for us in the way it approaches brands".
Beyond Wines is strong at sourcing wines at between £7 and £12 on a supermarket shelf, in the mid to premium category. "To do that you need to have good brands," he says.
Which, he believes, Overhex does – when you look at the impact and scale The Balance brand (the one with the elephant on the label) has had.
"This is also a chance for them to build their own brands in the UK and we are very proud to be working with them. We also think that between myself, Matt and Stuart, we have good history of building brands with our customers and a good track record of being able to sell and develop brands in good volume."
One of Overhex's latest launches is its Get Lost brand, at around £8-£10, that was launched at Cape Wine and very much sits in the disruptor category if there is one.
Overhex specialises in creating cutting edge wine brands like its new Get Lost range – pictured here at Cape Wine last year
"Get Lost by its very name is all about discovery and exploration and trying something new. Its blends are combinations that have not been tried before. Or wines you know, but with a twist."
Like its sparkling orange wine, which claims to be the first of its kind in the world. "We have had a very strong response to it so far," says Green, with a first listing in Good Pair Days through wine buyer, Harry Crowther.
It has also put its own neck on the line by creating a joint venture with Overhex called 'The Mooring' which evokes stories of all the ships that ran ashore and never made it around the Cape of Good Hope at the tip of South Africa.
"This is the kind of wine we believe South Africa does really well. It also has Chenin Blanc and Pinotage that no-one else can do.'
The big issue for South Africa in the mass wine market, claims Green, is that it is too often "pigeon holed as the cheapest on display" and although there are wines to be had in the mid to premium £7 to £15 prime price slots, very few are making it up from South Africa compared to what you can get from Chile, Argentina, Spain and Australia at those key price points.
"You can get Malbec from Argentina at £7, Tempranillo from Spain, or wines from Chile and Australia. South Africa has got great wine in that area too, but it has fallen by the wayside. We want to reinvent that area for the market and think Overhex does wines better than anyone else at that price point."
Alex Green has high hopes for The Mooring brand as it helps push brand South Africa closer to the £10 mark
That's why he is particularly confident about The Mooring's wines – a Sauvignon Blanc and a Syrah Grenache blend – that are sourced from South Africa's coastal region vineyards close to where ships are often lost.
"It is a brand that consumers can relate to. Everyone knows about the Cape of Good Hope and the famous storms and big seas. It's how we can make history relatable and interesting," he says.
That story really comes out in the strong label designs. "The challenge is to get that story across quickly and visually and The Mooring does that in an effective way."
The wines, which retail around £10 RRP, have so far been taken on by Adnams and some other regional wholesalers
"We have the opportunity to add more wines to the range as we scale and we are looking at some reserve options as well."
Green believes the interest in South African wines at a more mass market level is only now beginning to kick into life. "It's at an early stage but we are pitching to the trade that South Africa is ripe for reigniting and retelling its story from a different angle and showing customers more brands.
The Survivor range from Overhex has been in the UK for some time, and has proved its place in the £15 to £20 price bracket and Green is looking to bring in its more premium, up to £30 reserve and cellar master wines too.
"We are also able to work tactically with Overhex as well and we were over at the World Bulk Wine Exhibition in Amsterdam recently talking to customers about the fact we can do with their own label and brands too."
With Romania and South Africa under its belt, Beyond Wines is now looking to strike deals with partners in others areas and is close to announcing a producer who can help with its exclusive supply of Prosecco. It has also signed up a Champagne house but isn't yet able to disclose.
"We have also got discussions going on in South America and Australia," says Green.
The Survivor range is also now a key part of Beyond Wines' and Overhex's partnership in the UK
But he also knows it is about being able to prove your worth through sales and is pleased to say the Beyond Wines' "snowball is starting to run down the hill as we are getting success with different customers who have taken us on".
Particularly for its Cramele Recas wine and its brands like Zana, that sits across both the on and off-trades, with listings in Ocado and Wetherspoons, with a supermarket also launching the Pinot Noir in the first quarter of 2023. "It proves it can be done."
Green says he and the rest of the Beyond Wines team are very much enjoying working for themselves having been part of the corporate world for so long.
"There is never an average day when you are working for yourself," he says. "One minute you feel you have smashed it out of the park and you're going to be a millionaire, the next you are worried you are going to be able to feed the family in a week's time."
But so far the ups are far outweighing the downs. "We have found a way to succeed in what has probably been the most tough trading conditions we have had as an industry and it is not getting any easier. Being flexible and able to react quickly is really important at the moment and that is what we can do. We don't have any distractions that go up the corporate chain. We can deal with any problem in two minutes and that really is a big advantage," explains Green.
You can find out more about Beyond Wines at its website here, or get in touch with the directors:
Alex.green@beyondwines.co.uk
Matthew.johnson@beyondwines.co.uk
Stuart.bond@beyondwines.co.uk
Why Oldenburg is one of South Africa's top premium producers Buyers should treat South Africa differently from other countries Geoffrey Dean discovers South Africa's Agulhas Wine Triangle North South Wines' Kim Wilson on succeeding as a distributor
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text:
The Origin of Humankind
Richard Leakey
Copyright © 1994 by Sherma, B. V.
The First Humans
Anthropologists disliked Darwin's suggestion intensely, not least because tropical Africa was regarded with colonial disdain: the Dark Continent was not viewed as a fit place for the origin of so noble a creature as Homo sapiens. When additional human fossils began to be discovered in Europe and in Asia at the turn of the century, yet more scorn was heaped on the idea of an African origin. This attitude prevailed for decades. [...] The vehemence of anthropologists' anti-Africa sentiment now seems quaint to us, given the vast numbers of early human fossils that have been recovered in that continent in recent years. The episode is also a reminder that scientists are often guided as much by emotion as by reason.
Scientists such as Wallace and Broom were struggling with conflicting forces, one intellectual, the other emotional. They accepted the fact that Homo sapiens derived ultimately from nature through the process of evolution, but their belief in the essential spirituality, or transcendent essence, of humanity led them to construct explanations for evolution which maintained human distinctiveness. The evolutionary "package" embodied in Darwin's 1871 description of human origins offered such a rationalization. Although Darwin did not invoke supernatural intervention, his evolutionary scenario made humans distinct from mere apes right from the beginning.
Darwin's argument remained influential until a little more than a decade ago, and was effectively responsible for a major dispute over when humans first appeared.
Rationalizing
The Ramapithecus affair changed anthropology in two ways. First, it demonstrated the perils of inferring a shared evolutionary relationship from shared anatomical features. Second, it exposed the folly of a slavish adherence to the Darwinian "package." Simons and Pilbeam had imputed a complete lifestyle to Ramapithecus, based on the shape of the canine teeth: if one hominid feature was there, all such features were assumed to be present.
It is interesting that as each new hypothesis gained popularity, it often reflected something of the social climate of the time. For instance, Darwin saw the elaboration of stone weapons as important in initiating the evolutionary package of technology, bipedalism, and expanded brain size. The hypothesis surely reflected the prevailing notion that life was a battle and progress was won by initiative and effort. This Victorian ethos permeated science, and shaped the way the process of evolution, including human evolution, was viewed.
In the early decades of this century, the heyday of Edwardian optimism, the brain and its higher thoughts were said to have made us what we are. Within anthropology, this prevailing social worldview was expressed in the notion that human evolution had been propelled initially not by bipedalism but by an expanding brain. By the 1940s, the world was in thrall to the magic and power of technology, and the "Man the Toolmaker" hypothesis became popular. [...] And when the world was in the shadow of the Second World War, a darker differentiation of humans from apes was emphasized—that of violence against one's fellows. The notion of "Man the Killer Ape," first proposed by the Australian anatomist Raymond Dart, gained wide adherence, possibly because it seemed to explain (or even excuse) the horrible events of the war.
Later, in the 1960s, anthropologists turned to the hunter-gatherer way of life as the key to human origins.
This is not to say that the first bipedal ape species possessed a degree of technology, increased intellect, or any of the cultural attributes of humanity. It didn't. My point is that the adoption of bipedalism was so loaded with evolutionary potential—allowing the upper limbs to be free to become manipulative implements one day—that its importance should be recognized in our nomenclature. These humans were not like us, but without the bipedal adaptation they couldn't have become like us.
A Crowded Family
We know from the size of various bones of the skeleton that the males of the australopithecine species were much bigger than the females. They stood more than 5 feet tall, while their mates barely achieved 4 feet. The males must have weighed almost twice as much as the females, a difference of the sort that we see today in some species of savanna baboons. It's a fair guess, therefore, that the social organization of australopithecines was similar to that of baboons, with dominant males competing for access to mature females [...]
At a meeting of anthropologists in April 1994, Fred Spoor, of the University of Liverpool, described the semicircular canals in humans and apes. The two vertical canals are significantly enlarged in humans compared with those in apes, a difference Spoor interprets as an adaptation to the extra demands of upright balance in a bipedal species. What of early human species?
Spoor's observations are truly startling. In all species of the genus Homo, the inner ear structure is indistinguishable from that of modern humans. Similarly, in all species of Australopithecus, the semicircular canals look like those of apes. Does this mean that the australopithecines moved about as apes do—that is, quadrupedally? The structure of the pelvis and lower limbs speaks against this conclusion. So does a remarkable discovery my mother made in 1976: a trail of very humanlike footprints made in a layer of volcanic ash some 3.75 million years ago. Nevertheless, if the structure of the inner ear is at all indicative of habitual posture and mode of locomotion, it suggests that the australopithecines were not just like you and me [...]
For the first time in human prehistory, there is evidence that the toolmakers had a mental template of what they wanted to produce—that they were intentionally imposing its shape on the raw material they used. The implement that suggests this is the so-called handaxe, a teardrop-shaped tool that required remarkable skill and patience to make [...]
The appearance of the handaxe in the archaeological record follows the emergence of Homo erectus, the putative descendant of Homo habilis and ancestor of Homo sapiens.
The australopithecine species and Homo clearly had different specific adaptations, and it is likely that meat eating by Homo was an important part of that difference. Stone toolmaking would have been an important part of a meat eater's abilities; plant eaters could do without these tools.
In his studies of tools from archeological sites in Kenya, and in his experimental toolmaking exercises, Toth made a fascinating and important discovery. The earliest toolmakers were predominantly right-handed, just as modern humans are. Although individual apes are preferentially right- or left-handed, there is no population preference; modern humans are unique in this respect.
A Different Kind of Human
Growing children learn better from adults if there is a significant difference in body size, because a student-teacher relationship can be established. If young children were the size they would be on an apelike growth trajectory, physical rivalry rather than a student-teacher relationship might develop. When the learning period is over, the body "catches up," by means of the adolescent growth spurt.
Humans become human through intense learning not just of survival skills but of customs and social mores, kinship and social laws—that is, culture. [...] Culture can be said to be the human adaptation, and it is made possible by the unusual pattern of childhood and maturation.
The helplessness of newborn human infants is, however, less a cultural adaptation than a biological necessity. Human infants come into the world too early, a consequence of our large brain and the engineering constraints of the human pelvis. [...] A simple calculation based on comparisons with other primates reveals that gestation length in Homo sapiens, whose average brain capacity is 1350 cubic centimeters, should be twenty-one months, not the nine months it actually is. Human infants therefore have a year's growth to catch up on when they are born, hence their helplessness.
As every biologist knows, brains are metabolically expensive organs. In modern humans, for example, the brain constitutes a mere 2 percent of body weight, yet consumes 20 percent of the energy budget. [...] Only by adding a significant proportion of meat to its diet could early Homo have "afforded" to build a brain beyond australopithecine size.
For all these reasons, I suggest that the major adaptation in the evolutionary package of early Homo was significant meat eating.
Bipedal apes were able to roam more terrain as they foraged for widespread sources of food in open woodland. With the evolution of Homo, a new form of locomotion emerged, still built on bipedalism but with greater agility and activity. [...] The efficient, striding biped represented a central change in hominid adaptation. And that change surely involved some degree of active hunting, as we shall see in the next chapter.
The ability of an active animal to dissipate heat is especially important for the physiology of the brain, a point emphasized by the anthropologist Dean Falk [...] she demonstrated that the structure of the vessels that drain blood from the Homo brain is conducive to efficient cooling, while in australopithecines it is much less so.
Man the Noble Hunter?
The combination of hunting meat and gathering plant foods is unique to humans as a systematic subsistence strategy. It is also spectacularly successful, having enabled humanity to thrive in virtually every corner of the globe, with the exception of Antarctica.
To Westerners, the eking out of an existence from the natural resources of the environment by means of the simplest of technologies seems a daunting challenge. In reality, it is an extremely efficient mode of subsistence, so that foragers can often collect in three or four hours sufficient food for the day.
Other lines of evidence, however, have been adduced to imply scavenging as the mode of meat acquisition in early Homo. For instance, Shipman examined the distribution of cut marks on ancient bones and made two observations. First, only about half were indicative of dismemberment; second, many were on bones that bore little meat. Furthermore, a high proportion of cut marks crossed over marks left by carnivore teeth, implying the carnivores go to the bones before the hominids did. [...]
[...] But I suspect that the recent intellectual revolution in archeology has gone too far, as often happens in science. The rejection of hunting in early Homo has been too assiduous. I find it significant that Shipman's analysis of the distribution of cut marks shows so many on bones with little meat. What can be obtained here? Tendons and skin. With these materials it is very easy to make effective snares for catching quite large prey.
The Origin of Modern Humans
If we look back into history beyond the origin of writing, some 6000 years ago, we can still see evidence of the modern human mind at work. Beginning about 10,000 years ago, nomadic bands of hunter-gatherers throughout the world independently invented various agricultural techniques. This, too, was the consequence of cultural or technological, not biological, evolution. Go back beyond that time of social and economic transformation and you find the paintings, engravings, and carvings of Ice Age Europe and of Africa, which evoke the mental worlds of people like us. Go back beyond this, however—beyond about 35,000 years ago—and these beacons of the modern human mind gutter out. No longer can we see in the archeological record cogent evidence of the work of people with mental capacities like our own.
For a long time, anthropologists believed that the sudden appearance of artistic expression and finely crafted technology in the archeological record some 35,000 years ago was a clear signal of the evolution of modern humans. The British anthropologist Kenneth Oakley was among the first to suggest, in 1951, that this efflorescence of modern human behavior was associated with the first appearance of fully modern language.
The two models could hardly be more different: the multiregional-evolution model describes an evolutionary trend throughout the Old World toward modern Homo sapiens, with little population migration and no population replacement, whereas the "Out of Africa" model calls for the evolution of Homo sapiens in one location only, followed by extensive population migration across the Old World, resulting in the replacement of existing premodern populations.
The Language of Art The ancient images we have today are fragments of an ancient story, and although the urge to know what they mean is great, it is wise to accept the probable limits of our understanding. Moreover, there has been a strong, and probably inevitable, Western bias in the perception of prehistoric art. One consequence has been a lack of attention to prehistoric art of equal and sometimes greater antiquity in eastern and southern Africa. Another has been to view the art in the Western way: as though it consisted of pictures hung on a museum wall, as objects simply to view.
Known as the Unicorn, the creature may be meant as a human disguised as an animal or may be a chimera. Many such drawings are sufficient to convince us that we are seeing images greatly mediated by cognitive reflection.
An obvious problem with the hunting-magic hypothesis was that the images depicted very often did not, as noted, reflect the diet of the Upper Paleolithic painters. The French anthropologist Claude Léve-Strauss once noted that in the art of the Kalahari San and the Australian aborigines certain animals were depicted most frequently not because they were "good to eat" but because they were "good to think."
Using notes spanning three octaves, they drew up a resonance map of each cave and discovered that those areas with highest resonance were also those most likely to harbor a painting or engraving. In their report, which they published at the end of 1988, Reznikoff and Dauvois commented on the stunning impact of cave resonance, an experience that would have surely been enhanced in the flickering light of simple lamps back in the Ice Age.
It requires little imagination to think of Upper Paleolithic people chanting incantations in front of cave paintings. The unusual nature of the images, and the fact that they are often deep in the most inaccessible parts of caves, begs the suggestion of ritual.
The Art of Language
Anthropologists can be certain of only two issues relating to language, one direct, the other indirect. First, spoken language clearly differentiates Homo sapiens from all other creatures. None but humankind produces a complex spoken language, a medium for communication and a medium for introspective reflection. Second, the brain of Homo sapiens is three times the size of the brain of our nearest evolutionary relatives, the African great apes. There is certain to be a relationship between these two observations, but its nature is fiercely debated.
To Chomskians, who represent the majority of linguists, there is little utility in looking for evidence of language capacity early in the human record, and still less in seeking it in our simian cousins. As a result, tremendous antagonism has been expressed toward those who try to teach apes some form of symbolic communication, usually via a computer device and arbitrary lexigrams. One of the themes of this book is the philosophical divide between those who see humans as special and separate from the rest of nature and those who accept a close link. Nowhere does this emerge more passionately than in the debate on the nature and origin of language. The vitriol hurled by linguists at ape-language researchers undoubtedly reflects this divide.
[...] As a result of this thinking, anthropological literature has long been littered with behaviors that were considered unique to humans. These include toolmaking, the ability to use symbols, mirror recognition, and, of course, language. Since the 1960s, this wall of uniqueness has steadily crumbled, with the discovery that apes can make and use tools, use symbols, and recognize themselves as individuals in a mirror. Only spoken language remains intact, so that linguists are effectively the last defenders of human uniqueness. They appear to take their job seriously.
Ralph Holloway examined the shape of the brain of skull 1470, a fine example of Homo habilis found east of Lake Turkana in 1972 and determined to be almost 2 million years old [...] He detected not only the presence of Broca's area, impressed on the inner surface of the cranium, but also a slight assymetry in the left-right configuration of the brain, an indication that Homo habilis communicated with more than the pant-hoot-grunt repertoire of modern chimpanzees.
Humans are able to make a wide range of sounds because the larynx is situated low in the throat, thus creating a large sound-chamber, the pharynx, above the vocal cords. [...] In all mammals except humans the larynx is high in the throat, which allows the animal to breathe and drink at the same time. As a corollary, the small pharyngeal cavity limits the range of sounds that can be produced. Most mammals therefore depend on the shape of the oral cavity and lips to modify the sounds produced in the larynx. Although the low position of the larynx allows humans to produce a great range of sounds, it also means that we cannot drink and breathe simultaneously. We exhibit the dubious liability for choking.
Human babies are born with the larynx high in the throat, like typical mammals, and can simultaneously breathe and drink, as they must during nursing.
The Origin of Mind
Three major revolutions mark the history of life on earth. The first was the origin of life itself, sometime prior to 3.5 billion years ago. Life, in the form of microorganisms, became a powerful force in a world where previously only chemistry and physics had operated. The second revolution was the origin of multicellular organisms, about half a billion years ago. Life became complex, as plants and animals of myriad forms and sizes evolved and interacted in fertile ecosystems. The origin of human consciousness, some time within the last 2.5 million years, was the third event. Life became aware of itself, and began to transform the world of nature to its own ends.
The world we perceive as individuals is essentially of our own making, governed by our own experience. Similarly, the world we perceive as a species is governed by the nature of the sensory channels we possess. Any dog owner knows that there is a world of olfactory experience to which the canine but not the human is privy. Butterflies are able to see ultraviolet light; we are not. The world inside our heads—whether we are a Homo sapiens, a dog, or a butterfly—is formed, therefore, by the qualitative nature of the information flow from the outside world to the inside world, and the inside world's ability to process the information. There is a difference between the real world, "out there," and the one perceived in the mind, "in here."
There is a large literature, in philosophy and psychology, relating to the issue of whether thought depends on language or language on thought. There's no question that a lot, perhaps most, of human cognitive processes go on in the absence of language or even consciousness. Any physical activity, such as playing tennis, goes on largely automatically—that is, without a literal running commentary on what to do next. The solution to a problem that pops into the mind while one is thinking of something else is another clear example. To some psychologists, spoken language is merely an afterthought, so to speak, of more fundamental cognition. But language surely shapes elements of thought in a way that a mute mind cannot [...]
Either natural selection has been profligate in making primates—including humans—smarter than they really need to be, or their daily life is more intellectually demanding than it appears to the outside observer. Humphrey came to believe that the second of these alternatives is correct: specifically, that the social nexus of primate life presents a sharp intellectual challenge. The primary role of creative intellect, he suggests, is "to keep society together."
The challenge for individuals in primate societies is to be able to predict the behavior of others. [...] If, for example, individuals were able to monitor their own behavior, rather than merely operate as computerlike automatons, then they would develop a heuristic sense of what to do under certain circumstances. By extrapolation, they might then be able to predict the behavior of others under the same circumstances. This monitoring ability, which Humphrey calls an Inner Eye, is one definition of consciousness, and it would confer considerable evolutionary advantage in those individuals that possessed it.
text checked (see note) Nov 2009


text:
- Any -EventArticleBookDepartment and Research GroupsFeature StoryJob PositionNewsPagePodcastPreprintProjectResearch ReportVideoWebsiteProfile
Speech, Slavery, and Natural History in the Anglo-Caribbean World
Institute's Colloquium
Miles Ogborn (Queen Mary University of London)
Ohad Parnes
Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Boltzmannstraße 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
Contact and Registration
Birgitta von Mallinckrodt
Miles Ogborn is an historical geographer concerned with understanding the relationships between power, space and knowledge (or communication) in a range of mainly eighteenth-century contexts. His work has dealt with the new geographies of eighteenth-century London, and trying to understand them as Spaces of Modernity (1998). It has also investigated the ways in which the English East India Company used a variety of forms of writing (Indian Ink, 2007) to construct a global trading network and territorial empire in India from 1600 to 1800. This was the same broad timespan for his attempt to write an introduction to global history through biography in Global Lives (2008). He is currently undertaking a Leverhulme Trust Major Research Fellowship (2015-2017) on the relationship between speech and slavery in the Caribbean. This work investigates how different forms of talk – such as evidence giving in court, discussions of the plants that grew on the islands, and communications with the world of gods and spirits – demonstrate the complexities of the power relations of slavery and empire.
One element of this work was presented in the session on Historical and Cultural Geographies of Story and Storytelling at the RGS-IBG conference in Exeter in September 2015. It is a paper called 'We cannot but speak the thing, which we have seen and heard: believing stories in Caribbean slave societies'. Hear it here.
You can hear Miles Ogborn talking about some of the broader themes here: VODCAST "What is Intellectual Geography?" Miles Ogborn's keynote address to the Intellectual Geography Conference, Oxford, September 2011.
Overview Institute's Colloquium 2016/17
2017-03-21T14:00:00SAVE IN I-CAL 2017-03-21 14:00:00 2017-03-21 16:00:00 Speech, Slavery, and Natural History in the Anglo-Caribbean World Ohad Parnes Ohad Parnes Europe/Berlin public


Water View Lot is located near the waterfront community clubhouse and pool! Gated community on the Santa Rosa Sound! Homeowners enjoy cobbled entry, sidewalks, ornate mailboxes, underground utilities and waterfront clubhouse featuring pool, exercise room, conference area, lounge with TV and fully fitted kitchen with beautiful views of the Santa Rosa Sound & steps from the pool area to the waterfront. Only minutes to the pristine white sugar sand beaches and emerald water of the Gulf of Mexico. Close to Base, shopping and schools. Build your dream home here!!!!


text:
Dies ist eine Liste der politischen Parteien in Andorra.

Andorra besitzt ein Mehrparteiensystem. Die Parteienlandschaft hat sich seit der Verabschiedung der neuen Verfassung im Jahr 1993 dramatisch verändert. Zuvor gab es bei den Wahlen keine nationale Umschreibung, und die politischen Parteien beschränkten sich im Wesentlichen auf das Parochialprinzip.

Aktuelle Parteien

Ehemalige Parteien
 Demokratisches Zentrum Andorras (Centre Demòcrata Andorrà)
 21. Jahrhundert (Segle 21)
 Demokratische Partei (Partit Demòcrata)
 Gruppe der Nationaldemokraten (Agrupament Nacional Democràtic)
 Parochiale Union von Ordino (Unió Parroquial d'Ordino)
 Reformistische Koalition (Coalició Reformista)
 Erneuerungspartei von Ordino (Partit Renovador d'Ordino)
 Union, gesunder Menschenverstand und Fortschritt (Unió, Seny i Progrés)
 Einheit und Erneuerung (Unitat i Renovació)

Siehe auch
 Portal:Andorra/Politik

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Candle footage burning for video background. Buy video footage candle.
Burning candle footage for video films and presentations. Video background with candles for film and video titles and screen savers.
Animated background for title and scrolling text. Video background line with Chroma key for TV programs, transition and on text running.


text:
package org.ontoware.semweb4j.lessons.lesson5;

import org.ontoware.aifbcommons.collection.ClosableIterator;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.RDF2Go;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.exception.ModelRuntimeException;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.model.Model;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.model.QueryRow;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.model.Statement;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.model.node.URI;
import org.ontoware.rdf2go.model.node.Variable;
import org.ontoware.semweb4j.lessons.lesson5.gen.Person;
import org.ontoware.semweb4j.lessons.lesson5.gen.Tag;

public class Step1 {

	private static Model model;

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		getRDF2GOModel();
		run();
	}

	private static void getRDF2GOModel() throws ModelRuntimeException {
		model = RDF2Go.getModelFactory().createModel();
		model.open();
	}

	private static void run() throws ModelRuntimeException {
		// use the rdfs class Person from peopletag.rdfs.n3 here
		// via lesson5.gen package (generated by rdfreactor)
		Person max = new Person(model, "http://xam.de/foaf.rdf.xml#i");
		Person konrad = new Person(model);

		max.addName("Max Völkel");
		konrad.addName("Konrad Völkel");
		max.addKnows(konrad);

		Tag java = new Tag(model);
		Tag python = new Tag(model);
		java.addName("Java related");
		python.addName("Python related");
		python.addName("pythonic stuff");

		max.addTag(java);
		konrad.addTag(python);

		System.out.println("the instance model:");
		model.dump();
		System.out.println("-----------------\n\n");

		System.out.println("konrad's tags:");
		for (Tag tag : konrad.getAllTag()) {
			for (String name : tag.getAllName()) {
				System.out.println(name);
			}
		}
		System.out.println("-----------------\n\n");

		URI tag = model.createURI("http://example.com/semweb4j#tag");
		URI name = model.createURI("http://example.com/semweb4j#name");

		System.out.println("all tagging statements:");
		ClosableIterator<? extends Statement> it = model.findStatements(Variable.ANY, tag,
				Variable.ANY);
		while (it.hasNext()) {
			System.out.println(it.next());
		}
		it.close();

		System.out.println("-----------------\n\n");

		System.out.println("the names of all tags:");
		for (QueryRow row : model.sparqlSelect("SELECT ?name WHERE {?tag <"
				+ name + "> ?name . ?resource <" + tag + "> ?tag}")) {
			System.out.println(row.getLiteralValue("name"));
		}

		// next steps: Using the API, Hacking the API, Modifying the code, generation process
		// those "next steps" are postponed :-D
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Circular Catalyst: Wrangler's Circular Journey Begins with Farmer Education
Yuliia Kishun/Adobe
The pandemic may have caused some to cut corners in terms of quality and sustainability, but for Kontoor Brands-owned Wrangler, 2020 has been a year dedicated to mastering the details.
Though Wrangler signed on as a member of the Jeans Redesign program earlier this year, circular design was not a new consideration for the brand. Becoming a member was a continuation of its circularity and regenerative agriculture efforts that began years ago. The brand's circular strategy is organized according to the program's three principles of a circular economy: design out waste and pollution, keep products and materials in use and regenerate natural systems.
To tackle the first goal, Wrangler continuously increases its use of recycled and sustainable fibers, with a goal to use 100 percent sustainable synthetics by 2030 and 100 percent sustainably grown or recycled cotton by 2025. But its greatest efforts are focused on regenerative farming, which has been a top priority since 2017 when it launched the Wrangler Science and Conservation Program, an alliance of industry experts, farmers and nonprofit partners that sponsors research, farmer workshops and promotes soil health farming practices.
Wrangler's own research found that combining certain farming practices can drive three times the amount of carbon into soil than conventional farming, and can increase yields and decrease the needs for inputs like water and fertilizer—and products created using these principles have already gone to market. The Wrangler Rooted Collection features traceable cotton grown with regenerative agriculture practices and the Indigood Foam Dye process that uses 100 percent less water in the dyeing process than conventionally dyed denim.
Recycling and the Circular Economy
According to Roian Atwood, Wrangler's former senior director of global sustainability, sustained progress requires a universal understanding of the supply chain. "For a truly circular economy, education will be needed throughout the supply chain, from the consumer all the way to the farmer growing cotton," he said. "When you can provide consumers with information from the farm, the mills, the manufacturers, then, you'll be able to have an informed discussion."
Most recently, the brand announced a project calling for the world's most regenerative cotton, which will be used in an upcoming Wrangler Retro Premium "Regenerative Jean" collection. It's working in partnership with the Soil Health Institute to ask farmers around the world to show documentation of improved soil health and environmental benefits resulting from their adoption of regenerative agricultural systems.
Though full circularity is a lofty goal, Atwood is confident that it can be achieved. "The denim industry has a complex, global supply chain and it can be difficult to manage the variability of knowledge and systems across regions," he said. "But, we've also seen an incredible number of suppliers who want to collaborate on sustainable innovations. We're excited about this cross-industry momentum and the push toward sustainability and circularity."
cotton farming


text:
CYPRUS: 2. Division
Karmiotissa vs Omonia Aradippou Live Score and Live Stream
Karmiotissa
Omonia Aradippou
Karmiotissa played Omonia Aradippou at the 2. Division of Cyprus on May 7. The match kicked off 14:00 UTC. Karmiotissa won 4-0.
Karmiotissa (also known as ΚΑΡΜΙΩΤΙΣΣΑ) and Omonia Aradippou meet again a year after the 2 Division match which ended in a draw 1-1. Karmiotissa are having a solid run at the moment winning their matches against Xylotympou, Othellos and Olympiada Lympion so they'll try to extend their winning streak with a victory over Omonia Aradippou.
Omonia Aradippou are approaching the match in a good mood as well after claiming a 3-2 win in 2 Division against Ayia Napa, however, Omonia Aradippou have been performing poorly in defense lately as they have been conceding goals for 3 consecutive away matches now.
ScoreBat is covering Karmiotissa vs Omonia Aradippou in real time, providing the live stream and live score of the match, team line-ups, full match stats, live match commentary and official video highlights. We cover all matches of Cyprus 2. Division in real time and provide live streaming whenever possible.
URL: https://www.scorebat.com/karmiotissa-vs-omonia-aradippou-live-stream/
You can watch Karmiotissa vs Omonia Aradippou live stream here on ScoreBat when an official broadcast is available. We will provide only official live stream strictly from the official channels of the league or the teams whenever it is available. Live streaming will begin when the match is about to kick off.
We aggregate all official videos from official websites and Youtube channels of Omonia Aradippou and Karmiotissa as well as the channels of the leagues that they compete in. So, whenever there is an official live broadcast of Karmiotissa - Omonia Aradippou match available that isn't behind a paywall - you will be able to watch it on ScoreBat.
We are updating team formations and line-ups for Karmiotissa - Omonia Aradippou in real time.
Explore stats from Karmiotissa vs Omonia Aradippou on ScoreBat - we are updating the numbers on this page every second of the game.
Karmiotissa and Omonia Aradippou have met 5 times since November 2018. Karmiotissa have won 3 times, 1 match ended in a draw while Omonia Aradippou have won once. The most recent match between them took place on January 26, 2022 at the 2. Division of Cyprus which ended in a draw - 1-1. Karmiotissa have scored 6 goals in these 5 head-to-head matches in total and Omonia Aradippou have also scored 6. So, overall, Karmiotissa have a better head-to-head record against Omonia Aradippou in their recent history.
Karmiotissa are on a winning streak - they have won Xylotympou, Othellos and Olympiada Lympion in their previous 3 matches while Omonia Aradippou have won Ayia Napa in their previous match. Overall, Karmiotissa have won 11 of their last 20 matches, losing 4 and drawing 5, while Omonia Aradippou have won 6 of their last 20 matches, losing 8 and drawing 6.
Karmiotissa have won 5 times (1-4 against Xylotympou on 30th of April, 1-0 against Othellos on 17th of April, 0-3 against Olympiada Lympion on 13th of April, 2-1 against Ayia Napa on 12th of March and 0-2 against Nea Salamis on 5th of March) and lost once (0-1 against Akritas on 19th of March) in their most recent 6 matches.
Omonia Aradippou have won 4 times (3-2 against Ayia Napa on 30th of April, 1-0 against Ermis Aradippou on 2nd of April, 1-2 against Asil Lyssi on 19th of March and 2-1 against Onisillos on 12th of March), lost once (2-0 against Nea Salamis on 17th of April) and drew once (2-2 against Enosis Paralimni on 6th of March) in their most recent 6 matches.
Karmiotissa haven't played a draw in their previous 6 matches.
Omonia Aradippou have gone 5 consecutive matches without a draw.
Omonia Aradippou have failed to keep a clean sheet in their previous 3 away matches.
We are adding goal videos and full video highlights of the match between Karmiotissa and Omonia Aradippou in real time. The videos of the goals are added usually minutes after the actual event if there are any official videos available. Full video highlights of Karmiotissa - Omonia Aradippou are being added as they become available on the official social media channels of the league or the teams.
Match ends. Karmiotissa 4, Omonia Aradippou 0.


Auto insurance is one of those must-haves in life. In most states, it is required by law that you carry at least the minimum coverage. There's no way around this, so you might as well take advantage of the money-saving tips below to make the most of your insurance experience.
Let's face it, automobiles depreciate (or lose value) very quickly. When you drive your vehicle from the car lot brand new, the "new" value goes down suddenly to a "used" value. No matter how well you take care of your car, the value will decrease tremendously over a short period of time.
If you've paid off all debts owed on your vehicle, find out from your previous lender the estimated book value. If this amount equals the same or less than what your collision insurance premium is going to cost you, then there's no reason to carry collision coverage. You would basically be paying the total value of your car each year, whether you have an accidentor not. You can save tremendously on your auto insurance premium by leaving off the collision if this is the case with your vehicle.
Speeding tickets or moving violations are the number one causes of high insurance rates. When you drive at high speeds or disregard traffic rules, you are considered an "at-risk" driver, and your insurance rates are raised for several years as a result. Driving safely and following the rules of the road will keep your insurance rates at a low and enjoyable amount.
There are some coverages that may not be necessary, depending on where you live or the type of vehicle you own. For example, if you live in a large city where auto theft is common, then theft insurance coverage might be wise. However, if you live forty miles from the nearest town on a high mountain where theft is very rare, then there's no need to pay the additional premium for this type of coverage.
There are many coverages which are optional, but still helpful. You'll need to carefully examine each coverage to decide if it's needful or not. If your insurance company offers you "full coverage", find out exactly what's included. It might be cheaper to pay for only a few of the options separately if you don't need all of the included coverage. This will depend on your needs, car value, etc.
Although high deductibles often get a negative response from consumers, they can actually work to your advantage and save you tons of premium money each year. The concept behind a deductible is to place more of the responsibility on the driver and less on the insurance company. In turn, your premium can be substantially less each year.
A 1,000 deductible amount seems extremely high, but if it saves you 200 per year on your insurance premium, it's well worth it! Keep in mind that the deductible will be due only if you do have an accident where insurance is needed. Otherwise, you get to enjoy the lower premiums year after year.
If you select a policy with a high deductible, you might want to put some of your premium savings into an emergency fund, so you'll have some or most of your deductible if an accident does occur.
Another way to save money is to make comparisons before signing on for insurance. You'll not only want to compare policy options, but also insurance companies and pricing.
Note of Warning: Be careful not to sign up too quickly if a very low price is being offered. Get some references if possible, or ask around to find out if someone else has had experience with the company. Some companies who boast low prices offer the worst customer service, and take a very long time to process claims, so use caution at all times.
Utilizing online resources is a great way to compare California insurance companies. You might also find discount offers online which provide additional savings.
When choosing an insurance company and selecting your coverage, use these simple tips to save money on the premium while also getting a great plan to meet your needs.
1.Homeowners Rejoice: Tax Breaks Are Here….
4.Why Do I Need a Realtor To Sell My Home?


Happy Birthday to me! Tomorrow is my birthday, but I have so many obligations tomorrow, I thought I'd celebrate on Poetry Friday instead.
The first thing I noticed was the number of social events that were marked by the reading of a poem. The Newark Advocate (OH) reported that the Junior Women's Club met the previous Friday evening, and "Mrs. Harold Newkirk read an original poem 'September.'"
Mrs. J. G. Daves made a talk honoring Aunt Kitty, concluding with a poem, 'A Friend's Greeting' by Edgar A. Guest.
Mrs. Whitaker, in presenting a corsage, read a clever, original poem.
Bob Wood, "chalk artist," on a tour sponsored by the Antrim Lyceum bureau, Philadelphia, entertained at the Littlestown Rotary club "when Ladies night was observed." Mr. Wood made "a sketch of Longfellow's 'Skeleton in Armor,' which poem he also recited and added colored lights," the Gettysburg Times (PA) related.
Predictably there were a number of school activity reports that noted the inclusion of poetry, for example, the Tintonka Topic (IA) "School News" contained this item from the first grade: "We learned the poem The Swing because we have been having so much fun on the swings on our own playgrounds. We also drew pictures of the swing."
A syndicated puzzle, Daily Crossword, had as a clue for 30 DOWN, "Metrical division of a poem." There were 5 boxes to fill in.
The Kingsport News (TN) had a page [the] "Associated Press in Pictures" with a photo captioned, "GERMANY REMEMBERS LONGFELLOW Opening lines of Longfellow's poem, 'Bells of Geisenheim' are inscribed on this fountain dedicated to him in Geisenheim, Germany."
Actually, I found that the lines are part of Longfellow's lengthy dramatic poem, "The Golden Legend."
In my search I came across the text to two complete poems, one called "A Prayer," and the other, "Red Roses," but both were horribly sappy and I couldn't bear to include them! So, I will share Robert Louis Stevenson's little poem that delighted the first graders in Iowa, and, I believe, continues to delight children to this day!
Today, the Poetry Friday Round-Up is being hosted by Renee at No Water River.
HAPPY BIRTHDAY, Diane! And what a marvelous way to celebrate the occasion. I LOVE these poetic snippets from history. And I love that you spared us the icky-sweet ones, even if Renee is tempting us with candy today.
What a fabulous idea to search for something poetic in newspapers on that very day! And how remkarable that there was so much poetry - who'd have guessed?! Happy Birthday!!!
There was a whole lot of poetry being shared through the newspapers in the last century. Although newspapers are on their way out, we now have the internet, which connects us to the WHOLE world! Just look at 100 Thousand Poets for Change!
Happy Birthday Diane! What a great idea - to check the news of the day of one's birth, and poem-related too. Will you check poem-related news again tomorrow, on your actual birthday? It would be an interesting comparison.
No, I will attending a baby shower for my first grandchild!
Thanks everyone for your kind birthday wishes!
Happy Birthday, Diane! What a lovely post. I hope you're having a marvelous day!!!!!!!
Thanks, Janet! Guess what my family gave me? Hint: it starts with i and ends with d and has a Pa in the middle!
Lovely! It's been about a year since I swung--must get out to a playground before the snow flies!


text:
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Haines Dam in Clarksburg has major issues
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Innisfil man arrested for Barrie grow-op
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Probation for wallet theft
A 40-year-old Collingwood man entered a guilty plea Apr. 14 to the offence of theft under $5,000, receiving a suspended sentence as 12 months on probation. Craig Fawcett was also ordered to pay $200 restitution to the victim within seven days. Crown attorney Paul Billington told the court that on Dec. 22, 2008, Collingwood officers were called by the Meridian Credit Union on Ste. Marie Street about a customer's stolen wallet. The complainant allegedly "set the wallet down while doing business" before Fawcett snatched and and concealed it . Examination of the bank's video surveillance ultimately showed the accused wearing a blue ski jacket as he committed the crime. "Did he get away with the wallet?" asked Mr. Justice Roland Harris. "Yes", replied the Crown. "Did the victim get any of it back?" "Not yet," said the prosecutor. Fawcett can't be near the Credit Union or the victim, and he was ordered to write a letter of apology to the latter within the week.
Browse at business show on March 29
More than 70 local businesses are set to promote themselves at the Wasaga Beach Business Show on March 29. The business show was created in 2007. It is now in its third year and is presented by the Wasaga Beach Women's Business Association and the Wasaga Beach Chamber of Commerce. Wasaga Beach Women's Business Association president and Wasaga Sun sales representative Wendy Sherk said this year's show sold out weeks ago and they now have a waiting list. "We've had a tremendous response to this year's business show," said Sherk. "The success of the past two shows proves that it is well attended and well received in the community. This year's show will be even bigger and better." The trade show offers local businesses an opportunity to promote their services and products during an event that offers the public an opportunity for one-stop browsing. The show will feature several business sectors, including real estate, financial institutions, restaurants, trades, healthcare workers, media, insurance agents, home improvement specialists and much more. Sherk said the show will feature many new businesses and some that are well established in the community. She said each vendor will have a 10-by-six-foot space to offer demonstrations and feature products. Sherk said the show also offers people an opportunity to meet some of the business owners. Jennifer Campbell is among those who will be manning a booth at the show. At age 14, Campbell started teaching dance lessons. It was the beginning of The Danceroom, as it would come to be known. The first lessons were held in the basement of her parents' Wasaga Beach home with only five students. Several years later the business has grown to have more than 180 dance students and program participants. "The explosive population at the dance studio has been exciting and it has been wonderful to constantly establish and build on relationships with dancers and parents," said Campbell. "It's also been a bit of a crystal ball for what may be in store for the future." Campbell, 19, is at York University where she studies modern dance in her first year of a three- to four-your program. While she is away her mom Juliet manages The Danceroom and they have hired an artistic director and seven instructors. They also have three assistant instructors and three volunteer instructors. On March 25, The Danceroom is moving to the Sunnidale Corners Hall, having outgrown its rented space at Centennial United Church in Stayner. Campbell hopes to one day have a permanent location. The Danceroom now offers a number of dance and fitness programs and is introducing a number of new programs, including ballroom dancing for youth and baton, in addition to body sculpting and an abdominal program to enhance yoga. For more on The Danceroom visit www.the-danceroom.com. ReMax agent Marilyn Ruttan will be promoting a new venture at the show. She, along with website designer Henning Geiler of Pinpoint Graphics, have developed ClosingContacts.com, which is designed to provide people all the information they need to get their property ready to sell or close a deal on a new property. The site lists contact information for mortgage brokers, surveyors, appraisers, movers, home inspectors, lawyers and others sought out by homebuyers and sellers in the Georgian Triangle. Visit www.closingcontacts.com. Juergen Keller will be promoting Aqua Formations, a company that creates water gardens, aquatic landscapes, rock gardens, waterfalls, pondless streams and eco pond systems. He also creates rainwater harvest systems which collect rainwater that can be dispersed through a sprinkler system to water the lawn, something he said will be very valuable to people once Wasaga Beach's water meters start being read. Visit www.AquaFormations.com. The Business Show takes place at the RecPlex on Sun., March 29 from 11 a.m. until 4 p.m. Free admission. Many businesses will be offering draws and promotions throughout the day. The Lioness Club will be operating a canteen offering lunch and refreshments.
Ready, aim … bowl
Allen Kidd, 9, and Jason Hurdle participate in the Bowl for Kids Sake event Sunday at Knight Haven Lanes in Penetanguishene. The fundraiser, which kicked off the previous evening at Midland's Bayshore Lanes, benefits Big Brothers Big Sisters of North Simcoe. The annual campaign ends March 28.
Texting and driving don't mix, say police
Police pulled over a suspected drunk driver in Tay Township last week, but it turned out she hadn't had a drop to drink. She was, however, trying to send a text message while driving. Southern Georgian Bay OPP report the incident happened on Highway 12, near Rumney Road, around 6:30 p.m. on April 16. A 45-year-old Brampton resident was charged with careless driving. Police, in addition to reminding motorists to always focus on the road, credited the concerned citizen who reported this driver with averting a potential tragedy.
40th reunion for GBSS being planned
Meaford resident Garry McEachern is looking for about 8,000 people. McEachern is busy these days working with a special committee planning the 40th reunion celebration for Georgian Bay Secondary School to be held this July. The reunion is taking place from July 3-5. McEachern and a special committee have been meeting for the past few months preparing the event. "Reunion weekend is beginning to take shape," he said in an interview last week. "We're looking for everybody who went to GBSS from 1968 and on," he said. Several events for that weekend are being planned. The committee plans to have two tents set up in the Market Square on Saturday morning for breakfasts prepared by local service clubs. In addition, a number of local bands will be playing at the Market Square throughout the day. "Most of (members of the bands) are people that graduated from the High School. We also hope to have the top three finishers from GBSS Idol playing that weekend," he said. Saturday night of reunion weekend will feature a dance at the arena. McEachern said the entire weekend will be very family friendly. "We're hoping to have lots of things for graduates with young families to do," he said. Events and plans about the reunion weekend are being listed online at www.meaford.com McEachern said the toughest part of organizing the reunion is finding all the people that attended school in Meaford. "If we graduated 200 kids every year since 1968 that's about 8,000 people. We're slowing getting the names together. We hope to send a letter (about the reunion) out on April first," he said. The TD Bank in Thornbury and Fotos and Flowers by Joanne in Meaford have reunion information slips available at each location. If local residents know the address or email address of an out of town GBSS graduate they are encouraged to fill out a slip at one of those two locations. "We have close to 50% of the graduates on the lists we've sent out. We're hoping that 2-3,000 people come back for that weekend," said McEachern. The idea to plan a reunion began to percolate with McEachern last year as Meaford United Church celebrated its 100th anniversary. He said Grey Highlands Secondary School in Flesherton recently celebrated its 40th anniversary and felt that Meaford should do the same. Those thoughts led to a booth at the fall fairs in Meaford and Thornbury and from that a reunion committee formed. Costs of the reunion will be $25 per person and $40 per family.
Driver error ruled out in Hwy. 400 crash
Police have ruled out driver error in a multi-vehicle crash on Hwy. 400 last week that sent an Alliston man to hospital with life-threatening injuries. Thursday morning a northbound transport truck crashed through the centre guardrail on Hwy. 400 just north of Hwy. 88. The truck collided with a southbound Ford Explorer, driven by a 40-year-old Alliston man. The man was airlifted to a Toronto hospital where he was in critical condition. OPP Sgt. Dave Woodford said there was no update on his condition. His identity is not being released. Woodford said investigators have ruled out driver error, but they still aren't sure what caused the crash. He said the truck driver would not be charged. "It could have been one of those things that he hit a patch of ice and flew across the highway," Woodford said.
Visitor restrictions at hospital over
Visitors are once again free to come and go from Alliston's Stevenson Memorial Hospital as officials announced the risks associated with a viral outbreak are over. Visitor restrictions were put in place at the hospital last Saturday after a number of patients and staff on the Medical Surgical Unit exhibited symptoms of nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Special measures were put in place to limit further spread of the suspected gastroenteritis outbreak to patients and visitors were not allowed on the Medical Surgical Unit for a period of approximately 24 hours. After controlling the outbreak and with no new admissions to the unit, family members were allowed to visit their loved ones on Sunday. Contact precautions were still in place and visitors and staff wore gloves, masks and gowns. Today, (Fri., April 17) the outbreak status has been lifted and visiting hours have returned to normal. The infection is still prevalent in the community and hospital officials remind the public that if they are ill they should not be visiting people in health-care facilities. People may unknowingly bring the infection into hospital when visiting sick relatives or friends. "Our staff who always do a stellar job, worked quickly and constantly to contain this outbreak," said Gary Ryan, President and CEO of Stevenson Memorial Hospital. "Effective hand washing also helped to keep the illness from spreading," he added. The hospital and Simcoe Muskoka Health Unit also remind the community that proper hand hygiene is one of the best ways to fight the spread of disease. People should always wash their hands with soap and warm water or alcohol based hand rub for at least 15 seconds. They should ensure their hands are clean before preparing or eating food, after using the washroom, and before or after any person-to-person contact. Alcohol hand sanitizer is available throughout the hospital and visitors are reminded to clean their hands before visiting.
Charges laid in hit and run that killed horse and injured rider
A young horse named Bella was left to bleed on the side of the road and later died after a motorist hit the horse and rider and drove away. Police announced on Thursday, April 9 that The Blue Mountains resident Martin Wickens, 46, was charged with careless driving and failing to remain at the scene. He is scheduled to appear in court in Owen Sound on May 14. Jessica Ruppel, a show rider and coach, was riding three-year-old Bella on the 9th Concession outside of Redwing around 5:30 on Tuesday, March 31. Something she does often. She had put a deposit down on Bella and was trying her out before buying her. Monica Wolf was riding on the road with Jessica, about 15 feet in front of her. Several cars passed them with no reaction from the horses. Ruppel said she noticed a pick-up truck coming towards them quickly and on the wrong side of the gravel road. She and Wolf moved to the side of the road as far as they could and began waving at the driver to slow down. The driver held his speed and continued towards them, missing Wolf and colliding with the back end of Bella, causing her to fall forward on top of Ruppel. The driver stopped his landscaping vehicle about 50 feet away from the injured horse and rider. Wolf watched as the driver and passenger got out of the vehicle, walking a little of the way toward them. Ruppel and Wolf both said they were angry at the driver, and asked him why he hadn't moved over. The driver yelled at the two women who were riding the horses, both he and the passenger got back into the vehicle. They fled the scene. Bella was injured and bleeding on the side of the road. Ruppel, Wolf and Bella's breeder, Suzanne Hess, tried to keep her from standing while they waited for the vet. The vet attempted to stabilize the horse with painkillers and fluids. But, according to Ruppel, she became more distressed. The vet then sedated her in order to turn her over. The horse's pelvis was shattered. Two hours after being hit, Bella was euthanized. "My only regret," said Hess. "Is that I trained her to stand still when traffic is around. She stood still and trusted that she was doing the right thing." Ruppel said she had a black eye and was bruised. She had some aches, and on the encouragement of family and friends, went to the hospital on Wednesday to be examined. She sustained no serious physical injuries. Police are still investigating the collision. Ruppel works with horses full-time, and often rides on the road. She and Wolf said that cars rarely slow down and move over enough to make way for a horse and rider. Often the horse and rider are sprayed with gravel and the horse gets spooked. "We have the right of way," said Ruppel. "Horses are allowed to be on the road." Hess described Bella, a Hanoverian Thoroughbred Cross, as a very curious horse, who sometimes acted more like a dog. Her show name was Royal Symphony. "She always understood exactly what you wanted from her," said Hess. "She was loving … she had real character and a super temperament." Hess said Bella was the best babysitter horse she had. When freshly weaned horses were put in the pasture, Bella took care of them, making sure they stayed in a group, acting like a "big sister." Bella would have turned 4 years old on June 3. She started training for riding at age three. After just nine times with a rider on her back, she was walking, trotting and cantering, according to Hess. That summer, several children rode her, and she remained calm, relaxed and quiet for the new riders. Bella was buried at the farm where Ruppel works. Hess said one student rider is going to plant a tree with small pink flowers at the grave. Hess said she and others will approach the local MP and mayor to ask that any road with a horse and rider pedestrian sign be designated a 50 km/h zone. She encourages others to make the same requests so that no other horses and riders are injured or killed. "I hope Bella hasn't died in vain," she said.
Synergy key to great workshops
The learning process isn't engaged when a non-specific presentation is "pulled of a shelf and delivered," says Lisa MacKenzie, president and founder of Canadian Business Health Management (CBHM). "We've all sat through canned training and we all know how that goes." Instead, MacKenzie looks for certified specialists who are dynamic personalities capable of developing and delivering programs specifically designed to meet client needs. "These are very much workshops," she says of the corporate training she brings to her clients. "We model in the training what they need to be doing when they go back." Company trainers, including Jean Sinden who specializes in performance training, work in collaboration with participants through facilitation rather than opting for a more instructional approach. "Workshops can be challenging, fun, productive and, from time to time, tense," she acknowledges. "It's really the synergy of the group that brings out the real challenges and how they can solve issues." As a result, participants take ownership of the process and "can really walk away with some great tools," MacKenzie adds. In 1997, MacKenzie (a registered nurse by trade) started providing first-aid training. From there it evolved into health and safety training, and then into wellness. While 95 per cent of the training is done at the client's premises, when CBHM moved into new facilities in downtown Orillia two years ago, they gained their own training room allowing in-house monthly courses as well. MacKenzie's husband Ian, who has a business-consulting background, joined the team in a later expansion. In addition to sales and marketing duties, Ian has developed a first-aid program that has been approved by Human Resources and Skills Development Canada (HRSDC) and by the Workplace Safety Insurance Board (WSIB), which has also approved his two-day Part One Certification program – a must for joint health and safety committees. Performance training was added to the mix when Sinden joined the team seven years ago. This goes hand in hand with health and safety, MacKenzie explains. Rarely does a corporation choose only one component to focus on, she adds. Instead, the interconnections between several programs tend to be used together in a continuous process of learning. With a background in leadership development and strategic planning, Sinden has spent about 90 per cent of her career speaking and training. Although she spent much of her earlier career in the financial-services industry, she has delivered CBHM's performance training across sectors. Acknowledging a changing workplace and the changing demographics of the workforce, she starts by providing an overall briefing of why the changes are necessary to mesh with the overall corporate vision. "I see the lights go on," Sinden says. "Helping them understand the context and what it means to them is important." She works with employees, supervisors and team leaders, and corporate leaders to strengthen targeted competencies. She does this by leveraging existing performance to build skills and knowledge to meet the changing demands of the client. "Knowledge is what you know," she explains. "Skills are what you do with what you know." While companies usually seek solutions to problems that have already arisen, Lisa MacKenzie says there's value in being proactive. "They already have an idea of where they were before, and where they want to go," agrees Ian. "We'll set out a path that can help guide them." In a conference setting, CBHM is available to kick off the event and set the tone. For details, visit www.YourSafetyExperts.com or call Lisa directly at 705-325-0006, extension 223.
Flyerland.ca is going multicultural
Flyerland.ca, the online product produced by Metroland, is launching a Chinese version of its website. "It's (one of) Canada's largest ethnic groups and just as Chinese newspapers are very popular, Chinese people like to read a lot of their information in their first language," said Alvin Brouwer, vice-president of advertising and product development with Metroland. Flyerland.ca is now available in both traditional and simplified Chinese. A French version is being launched next week, and Punjabi and Hindi are expected to follow in the future. To view the Chinese version, go to , , or . Flyerland.ca launched March 17, 2008 and gets more than 10 million page views a month. "It's national so you can search for 10,000 cities and towns across Canada and get not only national retail offerings, deals and coupons, but offerings from local retailers, too." Given the current situation of the economy, Brouwer said it's good timing to launch a multi-lingual product offering flyers and coupons.
上海龙凤419,上海419论坛,上海419最新论坛 – Powered By Taiwan © 2023. 版权所有。


The Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was probably the most significant event, in terms of its impact on the US space program, in the history of spaceflight. On the bitter cold morning of January 28th 1986, seven astronauts on-board Space Shuttle Challenger lost their lives in front of family, friends, and millions of TV viewers. The vehicle broke up 73 seconds into the flight, burning nearly 2 million liters of fuel in just a few seconds that created a sinister cloud of gas.
Challenger's fateful mission – flight number STS-51-L – was a unique mission. Among the crew there was Christa McAuliffe, the first civilian astronaut. McAulliffe was a teacher selected out of 11000 applicants under a new program called the Teacher in Space Project. This initiative was intended to inspire students and to sustain public interest in the over-budgeted shuttle program.
The launch was originally planned for January 20th, 1986. Delayed several times due to technical problems and bad weather, it finally took place on its 7th attempt.
In the two and half years since its debut, Challenger had transported 51 astronauts in nine trouble-free flights. Right after lift-off, at 11:38 AM (EST) none of the flight parameter indicated any trouble with the vehicle. Lift-off and re-entry are the most critical phases in a Space Shuttle's flight, and challenger successfully passed through the first one. The crowd was amused with the launch; none of them anticipated that challenger was on its way to a fateful journey.
About 58 seconds into the flight, Challenger entered into its Max-Q, a point where the aerodynamic forces on the vehicle are at their maximum. The flight director ordered to slow down the engines to keep aerodynamic forces within safe limits. Although the Shuttle successfully made it through Max Q point, it was later found that this phase played an important role in the disaster.
At 73 seconds Challenger broke apart over Atlantic Ocean. The disintegration began with the failure of an O-ring seal in the right Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) that let a plume of hot gases break through. This plume, acting as a blowtorch, pierced a hole in the wall of the External Tank. The dome of liquid hydrogen failed and crashed into the liquid oxygen tank, causing a release of fuel that conflagrated.
The Orbiter did not explode: it was torn apart by abnormal aerodynamic forces. Crew compartment, on the other hand, remained intact and fell, reaching a speed of about 333 km/h at the time of impact with sea.
The investigation discovered a disturbing detail: at least three astronauts were alive right after the blast, as three Personal Egress Air Packs were recovered activated. While the fate of the crew during free fall is unknown, impact with the ocean certainly sealed their fate.
A presidential commission led by former attorney general William P. Rogers was formed to investigate the disaster. After several months long investigation commission published a report, indicating O-Ring sealing joint failure in the right SRB as the primary reason of the disaster. Due to the cold weather the O-Ring didn't expand to keep the seal tight, allowing hot gases to escape.
A camera near the launch pad revealed smoke plume coming out of the right SRB at the time of launch. Aluminum oxides from the burned solid propellant sealed the joint temporarily, preventing a disaster on the launch pad. However, the aluminum oxide couldn't keep the seal thigh, as Challenger passed through severe crosswind and Max Q point when it experience significant aerodynamic loading and vibrations. About 64 seconds into the flight, plume started coming out of the right SRB, which later reached the liquid propellant tank burning nearly 2 million liters of fuel in just a few seconds, disintegrating the Shuttle into pieces. If the aluminum oxide would have kept the seal intact for few extra seconds, the shuttle might have made it to space, escaping the disaster.
The disaster could have been avoided. The issues with the O-Rings were well known by the engineering team working on the SRB, but attempts to notify the management had been constantly held back.
The phenomenon of abnormal O-Ring erosion had been observed in previous flights. Instead of requesting an investigation, NASA Management ignored the problem and chose instead to increase the tolerance.
The night before the launch, NASA had a conference call with Morton Thiokol, manufacturer of the SRB. A group of Morton Thiokol engineers, and in particular Roger Boisjoly, expressed their deep concern about a possible O-ring failure in cold weather and recommended postponing the launch.
NASA staff opposed the delay. "My God, Thiokol, When do you want me to launch — next April?" said Lawrence Mulloy, one of the shuttle program manager attending the teleconference.
With the pressure from NASA, Thiokol management gave their approval to the launch, and Challenger was on its way to disaster. This failure in communication, combined with a management structure that allowed NASA to bypass safety requirements, was the organizational cause of the Challenger disaster.
Boisjoly examines a model of the O-Ring at a meeting of senior executives and academic representatives in Rye, New York, Sept. 1991 (Credits: AP Photo).
It took 81 days to collect Challenger's debris from the sea and return them to the Cape. The Shuttle program was grounded for almost three years, until a number of technical and management changes were implemented for safe operation of shuttle.
The biggest challenge for NASA was to win back America's confidence in the Shuttle program. Despite the technical and management changes that followed Challenger, the Columbia disaster in year 2003 proved that the Shuttle was a complex and unsafe machine, whose reliability depended on too many variable to be managed in a cost-effective manner.
The Space Shuttle was retired in year 2011 after 135 missions. Despite the two tragedies that marked its history, the Space Shuttle program will always be remembered for the marvelous contribution it gave to the advancement of the US space program.
Is English the author's first language? Did anybody bother to proofread this?


Eastern Orthodox Heritage Foundation, Inc.
Fr Cornel was educated in Romania. He completed his theological studies at the Theological Institute in Sibiu (1971-1975) and took doctoral courses at the Theological Institute in Bucharest (1976-1978).
From 1978 through1980, he attended the Theological Seminary in Alexandria, Virginia.
In 2000, Fr. Cornel Todeasa was awarded his Doctoral Degree by the University of Oradea, under the guidance of Professor Rector Ioan Abrudan.
In 1982, he was ordained a priest by Archbishop Valerian (Trifa) at Holy Resurrection Church, Warren, Ohio.
Fr. Todeasa served the parishes of Holy Cross, Alexandria, Virginia (1982-1984); St. Mary, St. Paul, Minnesota (1985-1991); and since 1991 he served St. Dimitrie Orthodox Church, Bridgeport, Connecticut.
Father Todeasa is a writing contributor to "SOLIA - The Herald ". He has published two books: "Seek First the Kingdom" (English) and "The Path of Goodness - Reflections and parables on the route of Salvation" (Romanian) - The Light Publishing House, 2007 - as well as two theological newsletters, "Datini" and "Lumina."
In 1981, Cornel Todeasa married Martha Louisa Tennant, a teacher, who is also very active as a church school teacher / director, choir member, Ladies auxiliary, seminar speaker and as an instructor and staff member of the Vatra Camps.
| Contact us by e-mail | News | Partners | © 2006-2025 EOHF-Eastern Orthodox Heritage Foundation, Inc.


text:
Q: Avoid duplicated attributes names with XSLT/ XPath Say I have an XML like that:
<parole>
   <parola id="a">1</parola>
   <parola id="b">2</parola>
   <parola id="c">3</parola>
   <parola id="a">4</parola>
   <parola id="a">5</parola>
   <parola id="b">6</parola>
</parole>

Now, I know that the generate-id() function exists. But, for a learning purpose, I would like to know how to change with XSLT the values of the attributes called "id".
I've thought about an "algorithm" like:

consider the following and the preceding sibling of an attribute.
  If you meet a duplicate of the present attribute, add "f" to the end of this name and (recursively) add another "f" until we have no more attributes with the same value.

So my final XML would be like:
<parole>
  <parola id="a">1</parola>
  <parola id="b">2</parola>
  <parola id="c">3</parola>
  <parola id="af">4</parola>
  <parola id="aff">5</parola>
  <parola id="bf">6</parola>
</parole>

Now, I've tried to get this result with a recursive function like:
<xsl:variable name="following-siblings-ids" select="/parole/parola/following-sibling::parola/@id"/>
<xsl:variable name="preceding-siblings-ids" select="/parole/parola/preceding-sibling::parola/@id"/>

<xsl:function name="du:check" as="xs:string">
    <xsl:param name="id" />
    <xsl:choose>
        <xsl:when test="$id  = $following-siblings-ids and $preceding-siblings-ids">
            <xsl:value-of select="du:check(concat($id, 'f'))"/>
        </xsl:when>
        <xsl:otherwise>
            <xsl:value-of select="$id"/>
        </xsl:otherwise>
    </xsl:choose>
</xsl:function>

<xsl:template match="parola">
  <xsl:value-of select="du:check(@id)"/>
</xsl:template match="parola">

But I get a result like

"af" "bf" "cf" "af" "af" "bf"

instead of the the desired one.
Any hints? This would be a simple task in a non-declarative language with dynamic variables and for-eachs, but I don't know how to realize it in XSLT...

A: I would use a key to "group" the elements by the id attribute and then identify the position in that group to append an index or if you want the number of f letters:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform"
    xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"
    xmlns:mf="http://example.com/mf"
    exclude-result-prefixes="xs mf"
    version="2.0">

    <xsl:param name="n" select="'f'"/>

    <xsl:function name="mf:node-index-of" as="xs:integer">
        <xsl:param name="node" as="node()"/>
        <xsl:param name="sequence" as="node()*"/>
        <xsl:sequence select="for $pos in 1 to count($sequence) return $pos[$node is $sequence[$pos]]"/>
    </xsl:function>

    <xsl:template match="@* | node()">
        <xsl:copy>
            <xsl:apply-templates select="@* | node()"/>
        </xsl:copy>
    </xsl:template>

    <xsl:key name="p-by-id" match="parola" use="@id"/>

    <xsl:template match="parola[not(. is key('p-by-id', @id)[1])]/@id">
        <xsl:attribute name="id" select="concat(., string-join(for $i in 1 to mf:node-index-of(.., key('p-by-id', .)) - 1 return $n, ''))"/>
    </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

The template with match="@* | node()" is the so called identity transformation template that copies everything unchanged level by level, allowing us to add further templates for the nodes we want to transform.
The only node you want to transform is the id attribute of parola elements where more than one exists with a certain id value, so I have written a template match="parola[not(. is key('p-by-id', @id)[1])]/@id" for that, using a key <xsl:key name="p-by-id" match="parola" use="@id"/> to identify all elements with the same value.
The new attribute value concat(., string-join(for $i in 1 to mf:node-index-of(.., key('p-by-id', .)) - 1 return $n, '')) is then computed by concatenating the existing value with a sequence containing $n one less that the number of times of the positional index of the parent parola in its group.
If you are new to XSLT and XPath 2.0 take some time to read up in a tutorial or book on the identity transformation, keys, and user defined functions.

A: Here is an XSLT 1 solution. The following transformation
<xsl:stylesheet
    version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">

  <!-- standard copy template -->
  <xsl:template match="node()|@*">
    <xsl:copy>
      <xsl:apply-templates select="node()|@*" />
    </xsl:copy>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template name="make-f">
    <xsl:param name="n"/>
    <xsl:if test="$n > 0">f<xsl:call-template name="make-f">
    <xsl:with-param name="n" select="$n - 1"/></xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:if>
  </xsl:template>

  <xsl:template match="parola/@id">
    <xsl:variable name="id" select="."/>
    <xsl:variable name="f">
      <xsl:call-template name="make-f">
    <xsl:with-param name="n" select="count(../preceding-sibling::parola/@id[.=$id])"/>
      </xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:variable>
    <xsl:attribute name="id">
      <xsl:value-of select="concat(., $f)"/>
    </xsl:attribute>
  </xsl:template>

</xsl:stylesheet>

when applied to your input sample, produces the following output:
$ xsltproc test.xsl test.xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<parole>
  <parola id="a">1</parola>
  <parola id="b">2</parola>
  <parola id="c">3</parola>
  <parola id="af">4</parola>
  <parola id="aff">5</parola>
  <parola id="bf">6</parola>
</parole>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Public Release: 4-Nov-2015
Gulls follow ducks to find dinner
Central Ornithology Publication Office
IMAGE: The Common Pochard is one of three diving duck species involved in a food interaction between gulls and diving ducks on Szczecin Lagoon. view more
Credit: M. Kowalewski
Gulls have learned to follow diving ducks and take the bottom-dwelling mussels that the ducks bring to the surface, a food source that would otherwise be inaccessible to them. Gulls are one of the most adaptable groups of birds, able to exploit a wide variety of food resources and respond to new opportunities, and a study forthcoming in The Auk: Ornithological Advances documents this previously unrecognized behavior in Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Mew Gulls (Larus canus) on a brackish lagoon on the Germany-Poland border.
Ducks wintering on Szczecin Lagoon dive to the bottom to forage on zebra mussels, bringing clumps of mussels to the surface and regularly losing fragments in the process. To determine whether the gulls on the lagoon take advantage of this or if their presence while the ducks are foraging is only a coincidence, Dominik Marchowski of Szczecin University and his colleagues observed the behavior of the birds between October 2013 and November 2014, watching three species of duck--the Common Pochard (Aythya ferina), Tufted Duck (A. fuligula), and Greater Scaup (A. marila)--through spotting scopes. They recorded how intensely the ducks were foraging and whether any gulls were present, and they also collected gull pellets to confirm what they were eating.
The more ducks in a flock were foraging, the more likely gulls were to be present. Gulls' behavior toward the ducks fell into two categories: They picked up mussel fragments that the ducks lost, a form of one-way symbiosis called commensalism, but also stole fragments from the ducks directly, which is called kleptoparasitism. Both methods allowed the gulls to gain access to food that, being poor divers themselves, they wouldn't have been able to reach otherwise. Pellet analysis confirmed that the diet of the gulls at the lagoon changes dramatically when the ducks show up for the winter, shifting from mostly fish to mostly mussels.
"Gulls were initially on the margins of our research. Initially, their interaction with the ducks seemed obvious, but after analyzing the available literature, it turned out that little is known about it," says Marchowski. "The marginal study became major, and we developed behavioral studies of birds and an analysis of pellets to confirm the scale of the phenomenon. In our opinion, these studies show that it's worth watching the seemingly obvious behavior of birds more closely, because they can hide interesting interactions."
"This investigation provides rare and convincing evidence that demonstrates how interspecific feeding interactions between Larus gulls and diving ducks influence community structure in the vicinity of the Baltic Sea," adds Dr. Timothy White of NOAA's Biogeography Branch, an expert on sea duck foraging. "It is gratifying to see how meticulous fieldwork, focused on behavioral observations and prey analysis, is continuing to broaden our understanding of community patterns, seabird feeding ecology and social interactions."
"Newly demonstrated foraging method of Herring Gulls and Mew Gulls with benthivorous diving ducks during the nonbreeding period" will be available November 4, 2015 at http://www.aoucospubs.org/toc/tauk/133/1.
About the journal: The Auk: Ornithological Advances is a peer-reviewed, international journal of ornithology that began in 1884 as the official publication of the American Ornithologists' Union. In 2009, The Auk was honored as one of the 100 most influential journals of biology and medicine over the past 100 years.
Rebecca Heisman
aoucospubs@gmail.com
http://www.aoucospubs.org
The Auk: Ornithological Advances
MARINE/FRESHWATER BIOLOGY
ZOOLOGY/VETERINARY SCIENCE
Male Common Pochard (IMAGE)
More in Biology
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Does rearranging chromosomes affect their function? European Molecular Biology Laboratory
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text:
#include "IPolicyBase.h"
/*
string IPolicyBase::first_matching_target_algorithm = "first-matching-target";
string IPolicyBase::deny_overrides_algorithm	= "deny-overrides";
string IPolicyBase::permit_overrides_algorithm	= "permit-overrides";
string IPolicyBase::first_applicable_algorithm  = "first-applicable";
*/
IPolicyBase::IPolicyBase(TiXmlElement* elem)
	{
	description = (elem->Attribute("description")!=NULL) ? elem->Attribute("description") : "no_value";
	// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

	}

IPolicyBase::IPolicyBase(IPolicyBase* base)
	{
	// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

	}

IPolicyBase::~IPolicyBase()
	{
	// TODO Auto-generated destructor stub
	}

bool IPolicyBase::matchSubject(Request*){
	return false;
}

Effect IPolicyBase::evaluate(Request*, pair<string, bool>*){
	return DENY;
}

PolicyType IPolicyBase::get_iType(){
	return POLICY_SET;
}


European cut, women's formal riding jacket. Beautiful short jacket with a stand-up collar made in rich tapestry fabric. Ten medieval lion buttons fasten front lapels which also can be unbuttoned and worn crossing over in double-breasted style. Matching smaller buttons fasten cuffs. Ornate bullion fringe epaulets add an authoritarian vibe. Lined in rich ivory satin. Wonderful! Comes in sizes small-XXL.