text:
From the Fringe to the Center: Assessing the State of the Off-Grid Appliance Market in 2020
© Jenny Corry Smith / Michael Tsan
Achieving energy access is about much more than connecting households to the grid, or getting them a rooftop solar panel. People need access to the appliances that can deliver life-changing services that reduce time spent on household chores, open up opportunities to generate income, and improve connectivity to their communities and the world. The typical household in rural sub-Saharan Africa owns two to five appliances, but it's common for households in more developed countries to have 30 or more appliances. The figure below shows the discrepancy in common appliance penetration by region – and for households in rural sub-Saharan Africa (grid and off-grid), the percentages are even lower: 17% for TVs, 4% for refrigerators and between 6-8% for fans.
To better understand the market for appliances specifically designed for households that lack access to reliable grid power, CLASP and Dalberg published the first State of the Off-grid Appliance Market Report in 2016. This was the first comprehensive accounting of trends and opportunities in the nascent off-grid household appliance sector. At that time the market for off-grid lighting and solar home system was beginning to mature, and companies were looking for ways to add appliances to their offerings to improve the value they deliver to customers and ensure long-term profitability. This created an emerging class of fans, televisions and refrigerators that were designed specifically for off-grid customers—primarily living in rural Africa and South Asia.
Since that time, the sector has developed considerably. The recently released 2019 State of the Off-grid Appliance Market Report refreshes the market sizing, and provides deep insights into product and technology trends, consumer insights and supply chain dynamics.
APPLIANCES: MOVING FROM THE FRINGE TO THE CENTER OF ENERGY ACCESS
A few things stand out in an initial overview of the report: For starters, the number of companies engaging in the sector has grown significantly. In 2018, 34 members of the off-grid solar industry association GOGLA sold appliances or productive use technologies – but today, that number has more than doubled to 72. And it's not just GOGLA members operating in this sector: We are aware of over 200 companies engaged in the supply or distribution of off-grid appliances, and established companies in the off-grid solar sector continue to add new appliances to their product lines. In 2018 GOGLA began collecting sales data for off-grid appliances, in partnership with the Efficiency for Access Coalition, and participating companies reported over one million products sold in the first 12 months of data collection.
In addition, it's apparent that donors and investors who have supported off-grid solar and mini-grid electrification efforts are ramping up their support for off-grid appliances, which are critical to delivering the higher levels of energy service needed to capture the full socio-economic benefits of electrification. Much of this work is coordinated by the Efficiency for Access Coalition, which brings together 15 donors that support programs that aim to scale up markets and reduce prices for super-efficient off- and weak-grid-appropriate products, support technological innovation and improve sector coordination. Together, coalition members have invested over £100 million in programs and companies that are supporting the growth of this market. But much more is needed to achieve the economic empowerment and quality of life improvements that high-performing appliances enable.
Here are seven more key takeaways from the report we think all energy access stakeholders should know.
A GROWING MARKET WITH MAJOR UNTAPPED DEMAND
The cumulative market opportunity across off-grid televisions, fans and refrigerators is estimated at US $12.6 billion globally. The market has the potential to double to US $25.3 billion by 2030, driven primarily by refrigerator and television demand. It is transforming from a sector primarily supported by public aid and philanthropy, to a market that is attracting investment and interest from private sector actors and large multinational companies. And since overall appliance penetration is low in off-grid markets, there is significant untapped demand.
A RANGE OF POSITIVE IMPACTS
Appliances have wide-ranging positive impacts on economic livelihoods, health and education. Refrigerators help address the food losses of 30% that exist in sub-Saharan Africa. Fans reduce mortality during heat waves and increase overall health and well-being in households. Televisions lead to improved educational outcomes and connect households to the broader world. A recent study from M-Kopa and CDC found that in Kenya, households saved an average of 480 Kenyan shillings and two hours of time after acquiring a refrigerator. In Uganda, revenue nearly doubled for entrepreneurs who had a refrigerator installed as part of a field test, and nearly half of customers expanded to a new product line. Televisions are not often associated with development impacts, but recent surveys found that 79% of off-grid television customers reported that the TV reduced their stress levels, and over 90% said it improved their general knowledge and political awareness.
MARKET UPTAKE OF OFF-GRID APPLIANCES IS GROWING
There are significant data gaps, but we estimate 30-80% year-on-year market growth driven by technology advances, increased market entrants and competition. We estimate that there are 5-10 million off-grid TVs, refrigerators and fans on the market, but only a small share of these are branded – most are cheap products developed by Chinese manufacturers, which are often copycats or counterfeits with no options for customer service. As mentioned above, the appliance sales data being collected and reported by GOGLA and the Efficiency for Access Coalition is creating an important piece of market intelligence and allowing the sector to track growth.
CONSUMER AFFORDABILITY AND ACCESS TO FINANCE ARE KEY BARRIERS TO MARKET GROWTH
It's estimated that there are 425 million off- and weak-grid households in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Around half of those households could afford off-grid TVs and fans, and about 15% could afford a refrigerator with affordable consumer financing. However, when considering accessibility—the fact that customers must actually have access to finance, and distributors must be able to reach households physically to sell and service appliances—the size of the market drops to 39 million for fans, 36 million for TVs and 11 million for refrigerators. The takeaway: Financing is still critical to make the business model work. The figure below shows the share of households in key countries that are able to afford appliances, with and without financing.
NEEDED: INNOVATIONS FOR EFFICIENCY
There are strong incentives in the off-grid appliance sector to innovate on efficiency, because consumers see the savings up-front due to the reduction in the total cost of the system (i.e.: smaller solar panels and batteries are needed to achieve the same level of energy service from appliances.) The figure below shows that the number of solar panels and batteries needed can increase by a factor of eight if efficiency is not prioritized. Product development continues to balance efficiency innovations and affordability constraints, given the number of low-income customers. But we're still seeing innovations and efficiency gains in the sector: For example the 2019 winners of the Global LEAP Off-grid Refrigerator Competition averaged 28% greater overall efficiency compared to 2017 Winners.
LARGE APPLIANCES ARE NEEDED FOR SMALL BUSINESS
While smaller appliances such as fans and televisions are demanded for household use, larger, more expensive and energy-consuming appliances such as refrigerators and solar water pumps may be more suited to small business and agricultural use at this stage in the market.
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR GREATER SECTOR GROWTH
The market fundamentals for off-grid appliances are sound, they just require the right encouragement and support. We recommend the following actions to continue to drive sector growth:
Government policies should further recognize the importance of high-performing appliances in driving energy demand and achieving sustainable development goals, and integrate appliances into their national electrification initiatives.
Financing of off- and weak-grid-appropriate appliances should continue to be supported by donors and impact investors. Even with business model innovation and falling technology costs, reaching scale will require consumer financing and concessionary debt and risk capital for innovators.
Consumer protection should be a more prominent feature of off-grid appliance promotion initiatives among donors and sector intermediaries. This includes the development and dissemination of well-defined product quality standards, support for product testing and certification programs, and the adoption of warranties.
Donors and other off-grid sector intermediaries should build multinational company and investor awareness around the large financial opportunity in appliances, and provide targeted market entry support. The potential of multi-national actors to bring in incremental research and development resources and manufacturing scale could be transformative for the sector.
As the nascent off-grid household appliance sector moves into its next phase, we hope these insights will help provide greater clarity about how the market developing, where innovation is needed, and how investors and others stakeholders can provide support. Check out the report and subscribe to the Efficiency for Access newsletter for more information.
Jenny Corry Smith is a Senior Manager at CLASP.
Michael Tsan is a Partner at Dalberg Advisors.
NextBillion


Trendy, colourful and with a Mauritian touch, the Mauricette t-shirts have become very popular among the locals as well as tourists visiting the island since the past two years. Valery and Camille are two intuitive persons who have combined their artistic and entrepreneurial flairs to create this unique product. They share with us their pathway and why we should promote more locally made products.
You must have definitely come across someone wearing it, or you know a person who owns one or you have yourself bought and gifted it to someone special. The Mauricette t-shirts are everywhere. Created by Valery Charles and Camille Bérenger, Mauricette offers a wide range of stylish vibrant t-shirts perfect for summer and for any relaxing day out.
Valery Charles, a Mauritian, aged 30, studied at Charles Telfair Institute and works as Artistic Director while Camille Bérenger, of French origin, holds a Master's degree in Marketing and Communication and works as a marketing and communication teacher at MCCI Business School and Vatel, in parallel with her entrepreneurial activity for Mauricette. As a child, Valery dreamt of becoming a professional triathlete and Camille, a fashion designer.
Both also share a common passion for arts and crafts. "Valery and I are very hands-on. We love to create things, draw, and paint. I always found that craft products have an authentic soul. We also both have a passion for entrepreneurship," shares Camille.
Together as a couple for three years, the love birds share how the idea of launching their enterprise blossomed. "In December 2015, at the end of my 6-month internship in Mauritius in a communication agency, where I met Valery, we were looking for Mauritian souvenirs that I could offer to my friends and family for Christmas. I went to many shops and bought local food items but in terms of souvenir t-shirts, I did not come across something I liked.
They were either made in China or were too juvenile. I love to offer souvenir t-shirts from the countries I visit. That's how we came up with the idea of creating our own brand of quality souvenir t-shirts, which are produced locally and which can be worn every day, whether here in Mauritius or abroad." It is in July 2016 that Mauricette saw the light of day. "At first, we did not really exactly know where we were heading and therefore, we tested the market. It is in January 2017 that the business really took off," says Camille.
The couple and business partners focus their brand on three major characteristics – fashion, quality and the Mauritian touch. "The concept is simple - to offer tourists the opportunity to take back home a trendy and good quality, Mauritian souvenir. In addition, Mauritians get a t-shirt that showcases their culture," explains Camille. Mauricette thus offers t-shirts in various colors and sizes starting from three months to 12 months for babies, from Small to Extra Large for men and women and from two to 12 years for children.
The fabrics for the t-shirts are carefully selected by the pair. They then send them to a textile workshop which takes care of the cutting and sewing process; the final destination is a serigraphy shop that prints the designs. The t-shirts go through a quality control check (washing machine test, ironing) before being packed. "All these stages are carried out in Mauritius only," utters Camille.
Mauricette also proposes accessories like handbags and jute pouches and has recently released their new summer collection 2019. "In total, 10 new designs have been added to our collection. Our best sellers from last year namely the t-shirts with the Dodo, 'Mo kontan twa Moris', 'I need Vitamin Sea', among others, are still popular but we are proposing them this year in new colors trends version summer 2019. We also create custom collections for distributors," explains Camille. Mauricette plans to release a new item this year, which is swimsuits for men.
The young couple advises the talented Mauritian youth not to hesitate to launch their own business. "We still consider ourselves as young talents needing advice to grow up. This is the first time we have been asked to give advice and it touches us. For young people who want to get started, we advise them to talk about their project. Do not be afraid that others will be stealing your idea. For a project to grow and improve, it needs the opinion and support of your loved ones.
Economic Indicators for 2019 : high investment and higher debt?


text:
A 'Story Kind of Nice' from Matinicus Rock Keeper
During the terrific storm of November 1950, furious seas breached the Rock and did much damage.
(Photo by Bob Trapani, Jr.)
The 1950 Christmas season was anything but normal for the keepers on Matinicus Rock. Just one month earlier on November 26, 1950, a storm for the ages battered the Rock with such fury that to this day, the meteorological event still stands as unprecedented for the New England coastline. When looking back at this storm in 2012, Connecticut meteorologist Ryan Hanrahan stated, "For a non-tropical storm there's no question in my mind that the 1950 southeaster was the most violent windstorm we've seen. The unseasonably warm weather, when coupled with a ripping low level jet, led to enough turbulent mixing to mix down destructive winds – in some cases to 100 mph!"
At Matinicus Rock, which is located twenty-seven miles from Rockland Harbor, all the keepers could do was hunker down and hope for the best. Even though the Rock possesses a 50-plus foot elevation on its southeast side and the station's granite light tower has a 95-foot focal plane, both the island and the lighthouse were well within reach of storm's destructive force.
A view of Matinicus Rock Light Station from 1951.
(U.S. Coast Guard photo)
In the wake of the storm, U.S. Coast Guard keeper EN3 Stanley Hiller, who was serving as the officer-in-charge at the time, recounted, "The covered passage way is completely blown away – 225 feet gone like the swing of the hatchet-man in the woods, the main light lost seven panes of storm glass 77" x 33" x 1 ½" thickness…no IOV light (the back-up light source) could be kept burning due to the force of the winds and rain. The northeast breakwater wall was carried away and in turn stove-in the hoisting-engine house and the machinery – thus the sea carried right on into the main whistle house and radio beacon signal house, battering down the northeast wall and part of the east wall, cleaning out the windows, chimney, roof, and tearing all over the place inside. All machinery was put out of commission, and the light failed; also the radio beacon and all communication equipment."
The storm damage was so extensive that it took the Coast Guard a bit of time to carry out repairs and return Matinicus Rock Light Station to a sense of normalcy. The crew was able to write a letter during the month of December to the Maine Coast Fisherman and let everyone know how things were going, but Christmas had passed when the letter was published in January 1951.
USCG keeper Stanley Hiller at Matinicus Rock Light Station.
(Photo courtesy of Steven Hiller)
Though late for the holiday, keeper Stanley Hiller did take the time to pen a Christmas "story kind of nice" as he put it in his letter. Seven decades later, thankfully this memory is not too late for the 2021 Christmas season. Keeper Hiller's words are a gift to us today.
An excerpted letter by USCG keeper Stanley Hiller, which appeared in the Maine Coast Fisherman's January 1951 issue…
"Too late to wish everyone a very Merry Christmas, but we do wish the very best for the coming New Year from the Ole Matinicus Rock Light Station crew – and to our fine good neighbors, the folks on Criehaven and Matinicus Island. Their thoughtfulness in our troubles is their creed – God's people, they are called.
"Old Santa didn't fly this year, or we didn't hear from him along this coast.
"There is a story kind of nice to pass on at this time. Up the coast a ways one year not long ago at one of the light stations (Monhegan Island Light), the keeper's children were outdoors watching for the kind old man in his red suit and fat belly, flying down with good things in bundles for each and every one.
"Poor Santa he had his troubles. That day the wind was across the island, and his plane had to make allowances. It took all his attention to handle it. However, on his second try down came the 'Hi-O-Merry Christmas' and down came the bundle, striking the fence and smashing it in one place.
"After that when inspectors visited the island and inquired as to why the fence wasn't repaired, the children sounded off, 'No, Sir, old Santa Claus broke our fence, and it stays that way.'"
Santa Claus – whether flying in a plane or a reindeer-driven sleigh, figures prominently throughout lighthouse history in more ways than one…even broken fences! (Christmas Santa Vintage Clipart by Karen Arnold is licensed under CC0)
Christmas at the Lights, Matinicus Rock Light
Bob Trapani, Jr.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I honestly don't know how I forgot to post this here, but well better late than never. Here are 2 wedding guests from last year. I used the same eye shadow on them- bmpro 's eye pigment in satin sheets. I really love it.
Beautiful eye shadow that would match any skin colour.
Are you subscribed to my YouTube channel yet? What are you waiting for? 2018 is going to be real, trust me you don't want to miss anything from me. Please Please Please subscribe to my channel. Thanks everyone.


UPS Supply Chain Solutions has assembled a comprehensive portfolio of distribution and order fulfillment services, which, as stand-alone or bundled together, create innovative supply chain solutions for multiple industries. As a single source provider, we can give you access to our global network, comprehensive services and advanced warehouse management and order fulfillment systems.
With UPS Supply Chain Solutions you get a single-source solution to the complexities of distribution and order fulfillment, giving you the capacity to extend your global business reach.


text:
package nl.esciencecenter.amuse.distributed.pilots;
import nl.esciencecenter.xenon.schedulers.JobStatus;
import nl.esciencecenter.xenon.XenonException;

/**
 * @author Niels Drost
 *
 *         Utility class to track the status of one or more jobs. Will periodically poll the status of all pilot Xenon jobs, and
 *         set this status in the pilot. Requesting all statuses at once is much more efficient than one at a time.
 *
 */
public class XenonJobStatusMonitor extends Thread {

    private final int JOB_UPDATE_DELAY = 5000;

    private final PilotSet pilotSet;

    XenonJobStatusMonitor(PilotSet pilotSet) {
        this.pilotSet = pilotSet;

        setName("Xenon Job Status monitor");
        setDaemon(true);
        start();
    }

    public synchronized void nudge() {
        notifyAll();
    }

    public void run() {
        while (true) {
            //Retrieve current set of pilots.
            PilotManager[] pilots = pilotSet.getPilots();

            //Create a list of xenon jobs.
            String[] jobs = new String[pilots.length];

            //Only add jobs for pilots which are still running.
            for (int i = 0; i < pilots.length; i++) {
                JobStatus oldStatus = pilots[i].getXenonJobStatus();

                if (oldStatus != null && oldStatus.isDone()) {
                    //this job is already done
                    jobs[i] = null;
                } else {
                    jobs[i] = pilots[i].getXenonJob();
                }
            }

            //Fetch all statuses from xenon
            JobStatus[] statuses = new JobStatus[ pilots.length];
            try {
                for (int i = 0; i < pilots.length; i++) {
                    if (jobs[i] != null) {
                        statuses[i]=pilots[i].getResource().getScheduler().getJobStatus(jobs[i]);
                    } else {
                        statuses[i]=null;
                    }
                }
            } catch (XenonException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }

            //Forward resulting statuses (if one is availabe) to the pilots
            for (int i = 0; i < pilots.length; i++) {
                if (statuses[i] != null) {
                    pilots[i].setXenonJobStatus(statuses[i]);
                }
            }

            //notify the pilot set, in case it is waiting for the pilots to start
            pilotSet.nudge();

            synchronized (this) {
                try {
                    wait(JOB_UPDATE_DELAY);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    //thread interrupted, end status monitor
                    return;
                }
            }
        }
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


These cab panels are designed for 2010-2012 Kenworth T660 models. Enhanced bottom, for use with sleeper panels. Sold in pairs, each of the panels have (4) M5 amber clear LED. Block heater cutout on the driver side panel. Attaches along the base of the cab and installs without damaging the body of the truck. Hardware, lites and harnesses are included.


text:
Tammie Toren
I was born in Choteau Montana, and lived on a farm until I was 14. In 1986 I graduated from Great Falls High School with only one thought in mind, be that girl I never heard on the radio, and here I am. I'm a widow with 2 daughters, a step-daughter and a bucket full of grand kids and great grand kids. You'll find me with them, my mom or gardening when I'm not talking your head off. I love all music, especially Rock and Classic Country. I look forward to hanging out and getting to know you!
Ticketmaster And The Taylor Swift Debacle. What Did We Learn?
I knew that when Taylor Swift fans couldn't get their concert tickets, things were going to come to a head. Say what you will about Taylor Swift, but her fans are legion and they are loyal as hell. The Ticketmaster hearing has me thinking, "How did this even happen?" W...
America Has A "Secret" Problem And It Starts At The Tippy Top
Seems to me that we have some Presidents and Vice Presidents that don't know how to handle top secret and classified documents. What the hell is going on? When they found documents at Mar-a-Lago, I wasn't at all surprised. Anyone who incites an insurrection in order to stay in office is capable of anything, including selling classified secrets. And I h...
Holy Macaroni! Science Says There's A Better Way To Cook Pasta
Fell down the pasta rabbit hole on the net today. I found a new way to cook pasta. One page says it's just a better way to cook it. Science says it can save you about 6 bucks a year cooking it this way. We were all taught, fill a big pan with water, add salt, bring it to a boil, add your pasta, stir occasionally and then boil it to the desired texture. Easy pe...
The Pastina Pasta Panic. What Can Save Your Family Soup Recipe?
I'm in a lot of cooking groups on Facebook. As of late, the thing being talked about the most, on ALL the pages is the discontinuation of Ronzoni Pastina. It's a tiny pasta that's shaped like a star with a hole in the middle. View this post on Instagram A post shared by @ronzonipasta Trust me when I say this is a big deal in the cooking world. Especia...
Lying On Your Resume To Get A Job, Is It Even Worth It?
Ever since the truth came out about George Santos lying about practically everything he said while campaigning, the word lie is everywhere. (Click here to see every single lie Santos told.) The hottest new lie topic is lying on resumes. ...
Childhood nightmares. What scared you as a small child?
When Good Toys Go Bad. One Mother's Christmas Nightmare
When Good Toys Go Bad. One Mother's Christmas Nightmare
We Talked The Big Lie, But What About The Lying Liars?
We Talked Big Lie, But What About The Lying Little Liars?
What Exactly IS "The Big Lie" And What Is It Doing To America?
The Hill quotes the American Psychological Society's definition of The Big Lie as a propaganda device in which a false statement of extreme magnitude is constantly repeated to persuade the public. The assumption is that a Big Lie is less likely to be challenged than a lesser one because people will assume that evidence exists to support a statement of such magnitude. ...
Cutting Off Your Nose To Spite Your Face; The Republican Party


text:
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    <name>framework/aliasSystemTests.testROMAliased</name>
    <author>alfoa</author>
    <created>2016-11-18</created>
    <classesTested>Models.ROM, Models.AliasSystem</classesTested>
    <description>
       An example of using the the alias system in RAVEN with a ROM Model.
       This capability allows the user to alias Models variables within the RAVEN framework
    </description>
    <revisions>
      <revision author="alfoa" date="2016-11-22">Closes #754</revision>
      <revision author="alfoa" date="2017-01-21">Adding this test description.</revision>
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3

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      <Output class="OutStreams" type="Print">ciccio</Output>
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      <Output>OutputPlaceHolder</Output>
    </PointSet>
    <PointSet name="Pointset_from_database_for_rom_trainer">
      <Input>DeltaTimeScramToAux,DG1recoveryTime</Input>
      <Output>CladTempThreshold</Output>
    </PointSet>
    <PointSet name="data_for_sampling_empty_at_begin">
      <Input>DeltaTimeScramToAux,DG1recoveryTime</Input>
      <Output>OutputPlaceHolder</Output>
    </PointSet>
    <PointSet name="data_for_sampling_empty_at_begin_nd">
      <Input>DeltaTimeScramToAux,DG1recoveryTime</Input>
      <Output>OutputPlaceHolder</Output>
    </PointSet>
    <PointSet name="outputMontecarloRom">
      <Input>DeltaTimeScramToAux,DG1recoveryTime</Input>
      <Output>CladTempThreshold</Output>
    </PointSet>
    <PointSet name="outputMontecarloRomND">
      <Input>DeltaTimeScramToAux,DG1recoveryTime</Input>
      <Output>CladTempThreshold</Output>
    </PointSet>
  </DataObjects>

</Simulation>


text:
Ohey [] (en wallon Ohè) est une commune francophone de Belgique située en Région wallonne dans la province de Namur, ainsi qu'une localité où siège son administration.

Héraldique

Démographie
Au , la population totale de cette commune était de  habitants, ( hommes et  femmes). La superficie totale est de , ce qui donne une densité de population de  habitants par km².

Les chiffres des années 1846, 1900 et 1947 tiennent compte des chiffres des anciennes communes fusionnées.
 Source : DGS - Remarque: 1806 jusqu'à 1970=recensement; depuis 1971=nombre d'habitants chaque 1er janvier

Géographie
Le ruisseau de Lilot prend sa source à côté du village.

Communes limitrophes

Jumelage
Ohey est jumelée avec Sainte-Colombe-sur-Seine en France.

Archéologie
À côté de Ohey, à Haillot, on a pu, lors de fouilles préventives, trouver un monolithe identifié comme un menhir, la Pierre du Diable. Elle daterait de deux à trois mille ans  Du matériel archéologique intéressant a été trouvé dans ses environs. Grâce à la population et au Collège des Bourgmestre et Echevins de la commune, le menhir se trouve à nouveau érigé à son endroit d'origine.

Tourisme
La commune fait partie de la Maison du Tourisme Condroz-Famenne.

De nombreuses chambres d'hôtes et gîtes ruraux sont disponibles sur tout le territoire.

Plusieurs balades pédestres sont réalisables. La commune est également traversée par les Sentiers d'Art, un sentier de grande randonnée jonché d'œuvres de Land'Art.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Articles connexes
 Liste du patrimoine immobilier classé d'Ohey

Liens externes

Commune dans la province de Namur

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia