This Court follows the decisions of the highest court of a state in construing the constitution and laws of the state unless they conflict with or impair the efficacy of some principle of the federal Constitution or of a federal statute or a rule of commercial or general law.
The decisions of state courts on questions relating to the existence of its subordinate tribunals and the eligibility and election or appointment of their officers and the passage of its laws are conclusive upon federal courts.
The action of a minority of the justices of the peace of the County Court of Shelby County, Tennessee, prior to May 5, 1870, did not operate as a ratification by the county court of the previously invalid subscription of the county to stock in the Mississippi River Railroad Company, and on and after that day, on which the new Constitution of Tennessee took effect, no ratification could be made without previous assent of three-fourths of the voters of the county.
This suit was brought to enforce payment of twenty-nine bonds for $1,000 each issued by the Board of Commissioners of Shelby County in payment of a subscription by the county to stock in the Mississippi River Railroad Company. The form of the bond appears in the opinion of the Court, post, p. 118 U. S. 434.
exchange for its bonds, and had and has since exercised its rights as a stockholder.
Before the Board of Commissioners abdicated, they ordered taxes to be levied to pay these bonds, and the justices of the peace, upon resuming functions, received the money collected on the tax and paid the interest on the bonds and paid the principal bonds maturing. This was continued, and thus a large amount of interest has been paid on the bonds, and a large part of the principal has also been paid, since the County Court resumed its functions.
"But the credit of no county, city, or town shall be given or loaned to or in aid of any person, company, association or corporation, except upon an election to be first held by the qualified voters of such county, city, or town, and the assent of three-fourths of the votes cast at said election, nor shall any county, city, or town become a stockholder with others in any company, association, or corporation except upon a like election and the assent of a like majority."
"All laws and ordinances now in force and in use in this state not inconsistent with the constitution shall continue in force and use until they expire or be altered or repealed by the legislature. But ordinances contained in any former constitution or schedule thereto are hereby abrogated."
A large part of the payments of principal and interest above referred to was made after this constitution came into force.
The court below ordered a verdict for the county, and from the judgment entered on such verdict this writ of error was taken.
"$1,000 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA $1,000"
"Issued under and by virtue of section 6 of an Act of the Legislature of the State of Tennessee passed February 25th, 1867, amended on the 12th day of February, 1869, and by authority conferred upon the County Commissioners of Shelby County by section 25 of an act passed March 9, 1867."
"A special tax is levied by authority of law upon all the taxable property in the County of Shelby to meet the principal and interest of these bonds, collectible in equal annual installments running through six years, as the bonds themselves mature."
"Shelby County Railroad Bond No. 176"
"Be it known that the County of Shelby, State of Tennessee, is indebted to the Mississippi River Railroad Company, or bearer, in the sum of one thousand dollars, payable in the City of Memphis on the first day of January, 1873, with interest at the rate of six percent per annum from January 1, 1869, payable annually in said city upon surrender of the matured interest coupons hereto attached."
"This is one of three hundred $1,000 bonds, all of the same denomination and rate of interest, issued by Shelby County in payment of a subscription of three hundred thousand dollars to the Mississippi River Railroad Company, made by the county commissioners under the authority of the acts above recited, transferable by delivery, and redeemable in six years at the rate of fifty thousand dollars a year, commencing January 1, 1870. "
"Dated at the City of Memphis, County of Shelby, State of Tennessee, the first day of March, 1869."
"[Seal County Court of Shelby County, Tenn.]"
"president of the Board of County Commissioners of Shelby County"
"Clerk of County Court of Shelby County"
"$60 STATE OF TENNESSEE $60"
"Coupon No. ___ of Bond No. 264"
"The trustee of Shelby County will pay to the bearer sixty dollars, in the City of Memphis, on the 1st day of January, 1875, being interest due on bond No. 264, for $1,000, of bonds issued to Mississippi River Railroad Company."
"[Seal County Court of Shelby County, Tennessee]"
"Clerk of Shelby County Court"
1st. That the commissioners, by whose direction the bonds were issued, and whose president signed them, were lawful officers of Shelby County, and authorized, under the acts mentioned in the heading of the bonds, to represent and bind the county by the subscription to the railroad company, and that the bonds issued were therefore its legal obligations.
3d. That the action of the commissioners, whatever their want of authority, has been ratified by the county.
1st. That the commissioners were not lawful officers of the county, and that there was no such office in Tennessee as that of county commissioner.
3d. That the action of the commissioners was never ratified, and was incapable of ratification, by the county.
Upon the first question presented, that which relates to the lawful existence and authority of the county commissioners, we are relieved from the necessity of passing. That has been authoritatively determined by the Supreme Court of Tennessee, and is not open for consideration by us.
"to subscribe stock in railroads, which the county court of Shelby County has been authorized by general and special law to subscribe, and under the same conditions and restrictions, and to represent such stock in all elections for directors, and provide for payment of subscriptions as made."
the governor the powers of justices of the peace of the county court, was unconstitutional and void; that the county court was one of the institutions of the state, recognized in the constitution; that the powers conferred by it upon the justices of the peace in their collective capacity were intended to be exercised by that court, and that the power to tax for purposes of the county could not, by any special or local law, be taken from the justices of the peace as a county court and conferred upon local tribunals of particular counties composed of commissioners appointed by the governor.
This decision was made in February, 1871. In June following the case mentioned above of State at the Relation of Walker and others against The Commissioners of Shelby County was decided in conformity with it, the supreme court holding that at the time the bill was filed the justices were entitled to the relief prayed, and that the decree dismissing the bill was erroneous, and it so adjudged and decreed. But it said that as the act under which the bill alleged that the defendants had usurped office had since then been repealed, and that they had not afterwards assumed to exercise the powers and perform the duties named in the act, it was only necessary, in addition to what was decreed above, to dispose of the costs, and that disposition was made by taxing them against the defendants, and awarding execution therefor.
"determined that the legislature exceeded its constitutional powers in assuming to abolish the county court, and substitute in its place a board of county commissioners with the powers before belonging to the county court. The Act of March 9, 1867, was therefore a nullity, and the board of commissioners appointed and organized thereunder was an unauthorized and illegal body. The act was inoperative as to the existing organization, powers, and duties of the county court. Neither the board of commissioners nor Barbour Lewis, its president, had any more powers under said act than if no act had been passed."
"It is undoubtedly a question of local policy with each state what shall be the extent and character of the powers which its various political and municipal organizations shall possess, and the settled decisions of its highest courts on the subject will be regarded as authoritative by the courts of the United States, for it is a question that relates to the internal constitution of the body politic of the state."
It would lead to great confusion and disorder if a state tribunal, adjudged by the state supreme court to be an unauthorized and illegal body, should be held by the federal courts, disregarding the decision of the state court, to be an authorized and legal body, and thus make the claims and rights of suitors depend, in many instances, not upon settled law, but upon the contingency of litigation respecting them being before a state or a federal court. Conflicts of this kind should be avoided, if possible, by leaving the courts of one sovereignty within their legitimate sphere to be independent of those of another, each respecting the adjudications of the other on subjects properly within its jurisdiction.
On many subjects the decisions of the courts of a state are merely advisory, to be followed or disregarded, according as they contain true or erroneous expositions of the law, as those of a foreign tribunal are treated. But on many subjects they must necessarily be conclusive -- such as relate to the existence of her subordinate tribunals, the eligibility and election or appointment of their officers, and the passage of her laws. No federal court should refuse to accept such decisions as expressing on these subjects the law of the state. If, for instance, the supreme court of a state should hold that an act appearing on her statute book was never passed, and never became a law, the federal courts could not disregard the decision, and declare that it was a law, and enforce it as such. South Ottawa v. Perkins, 94 U. S. 260; Post v. Supervisors, 105 U. S. 667.
The decision of the Supreme Court of Tennessee as to the constitutional existence of the Board of Commissioners of Shelby County is one of this class. That court has repeatedly adjudged, after careful and full consideration, that no such board ever had a lawful existence; that it was an unauthorized and illegal body; that its members were usurpers of the functions and powers of the justices of the peace of the county, and that their action in holding the county court was utterly void. This Court should neither gainsay nor deny the authoritative character of that determination. It follows that in the disposition of the case before us, we must hold that there was no lawful authority in the board to make the subscription to the Mississippi River Railroad Company, and to issue the bonds of which those in suit are a part.
But it is contended that if the act creating the board was void, and the commissioners were not officers de jure, they were nevertheless officers de facto, and that the acts of the board as a de facto court are binding upon the county. This contention is met by the fact that there can be no officer, either de jure or de facto, if there be no office to fill. As the act attempting to create the office of commissioner never became a law, the office never came into existence. Some persons pretended that they held the office, but the law never recognized their pretensions, nor did the supreme court of the state. Whenever such pretensions were considered in that court, they were declared to be without any legal foundation, and the commissioners were held to be usurpers.
The doctrine which gives validity to acts of officers de facto, whatever defects there may be in the legality of their appointment of election, is founded upon considerations of policy and necessity, for the protection of the public and individuals whose interests may be affected thereby. Offices are created for the benefit of the public, and private parties are not permitted to inquire into the title of persons clothed with the evidence of such offices, and in apparent possession of their powers and functions. For the good order and peace of society, their authority is to be respected and obeyed until, in some regular mode prescribed by law, their title is investigated and determined.
It is manifest that endless confusion would result if in every proceeding before such officers their title could be called in question. But the idea of an officer implies the existence of an office which he holds. It would be a misapplication of terms to call one an "officer" who holds no office, and a public office can exist only by force of law. This seems to us so obvious that we should hardly feel called upon to consider any adverse opinion on the subject but for the earnest contention of plaintiff's counsel that such existence is not essential, and that it is sufficient if the office be provided for by any legislative enactment, however invalid. Their position is that a legislative act, though unconstitutional, may in terms create an office, and nothing further than its apparent existence is necessary to give validity to the acts of its assumed incumbent. That position, although not stated in this broad form, amounts to nothing else. It is difficult to meet it by any argument beyond this statement: an unconstitutional act is not a law; it confers no rights; it imposes no duties; it affords no protection; it creates no office; it is, in legal contemplation, as inoperative as though it had never been passed.
their acts in that character are totally null and void, unless they had been regularly appointed under and according to the Constitution. A de facto Court of Appeals cannot exist under a written Constitution which ordains one supreme court, and defines the qualification and duties of its judges, and prescribes the mode of appointing them. There cannot be more than one Court of Appeals in Kentucky as long as the constitution shall exist, and that must necessarily be a court de jure. When the government is entirely revolutionized, and all its departments usurped by force or the voice of a majority, then prudence recommends and necessity enforces obedience to the authority of those who may act as the public functionaries, and in such a case the acts of a de facto executive, a de facto judiciary, and a de facto legislature must be recognized as valid. But this is required by political necessity. There is no government in action except the government de facto, because all the attributes of sovereignty have, by usurpation, been transferred from those who had been legally invested with them to others who, sustained by a power above the forms of law, claim to act, and do act, in their stead. But when the constitution or form of government remains unaltered and supreme, there can be no de facto department or de facto office. The acts of the incumbents of such departments or office cannot be enforced conformably to the constitution, and can be regarded as valid only when the government is overturned. When there is a constitutional executive and legislature, there cannot be any other than a constitutional judiciary. Without a total revolution, there can be no such political solecism in Kentucky as a de facto Court of Appeals. There can be no such court while the constitution has life and power. There has been none such. There might be under our constitution, as there have been, de facto officers; but there never was, and never can be, under the present constitution, a de facto office."
And the court held that the gentlemen who acted as judges of the legislative tribunal were not incumbents of de jure or de facto offices, nor were they de facto officers of de jure offices, and the order below was reversed.
In some respects the case at bar resembles this one from Kentucky.
"This left the organization of the county court in its former integrity, with its officers entitled to their offices, and creating no vacancy to be filled by the illegal action under the act of 1867. It follows that Barbour Lewis could not be a de facto officer, as there was no legal board of which he could be president, and as there was no vacancy in the legal organization. The warrants issued by him show the character in which he was acting, and repel the presumption that he was a de facto officer. He could be, under the circumstances, as we can judicially know from the law and the pleadings in the case, nothing but a usurper. There must be a legal office in existence which is being improperly held to give to the acts of such incumbent the validity of an officer de facto."
"Where there is no office, there can be no officer de facto, for the reason that there can be none de jure. The county office existed by virtue of the constitution the moment the new county was organized. No act of legislation was necessary for that purpose. And all that is required when there is an office to make an officer de facto, is that the individual claiming the office is in possession of it, performing its duties, and claiming to be such officer under color of an election or appointment, as the case may be. It is not necessary that his election or appointment be valid, for that would make him an officer de jure. The official acts of such persons are recognized as valid on grounds of public policy, and for the protection of those having official business to transact."
"An officer de facto is one whose acts, though not those of a lawful officer, the law, upon principles of policy and justice, will hold valid, so far as they involve the interests of the public and third persons, where the duties of the office are exercised:"
First. Without a known appointment or election, but under such circumstances of reputation or acquiescence as were calculated to induce people, without inquiry, to submit to or invoke his action, supposing him to be the officer he assumed to be.
Second. Under color of a known and valid appointment or election, but where the officer had failed to conform to some precedent, requirement, or condition, as to take an oath, give a bond, or the like.
Third. Under color of a known election or appointment, void because the officer was not eligible, or because there was a want of power in the electing or appointing body, or by reason of some defect or irregularity in its exercise, such ineligibility, want of power, or defect being unknown to the public.
Fourth. Under color of an election or an appointment by or pursuant to a public unconstitutional law, before the same is adjudged to be such.
be unconstitutional, and the question arose whether the acts of the judge were necessarily void. It was held that he was a judge de facto, and acting under color of legal authority, and that as such his acts were valid. Here, the judge was appointed to fill an existing office, the duties of which the legal incumbent was temporarily incapable of discharging. Another case is Cocke v. Halsey, 16 Pet. 71. It there appeared that, by the Constitution of Mississippi, the judges and clerks of probate were elected by the people. The legislature provided by law that, in case of the disability of the clerk, the court might appoint one. An elected clerk having left the state for an indefinite period, the judge appointed another to serve during his absence. The law authorizing the appointment was declared unconstitutional, but the acts of the clerk were deemed valid as those of an officer de facto. Here, the office was an existing one, created by law.
To Carleton v. People, 10 Mich. 250, we have already referred. By the Constitution of Michigan, the laws of the legislature took effect ninety days after their passage. The legislature, on the 4th of February, passed an act creating a new county, and authorized the election of county officers in April following. The officers were elected within the ninety days, that is, before the act took effect, and they subsequently acted as such officers. The validity of their acts was questioned on the ground that there was at the time no law that authorized the election, but the offices were existing by the constitution, and as they subsequently entered upon the duties of those offices, it was held that they were officers de facto.
of murder. It was contended that the act of the legislature was equivalent to an appointment of a judge for that county, and therefore unconstitutional. The supreme court held that, admitting the law to be unconstitutional, the judge was an officer de facto, and that the prisoner could not be heard to deny it. Here also, the office was one created by law, and the only question was as to the constitutionality of the law authorizing the judge to exercise it.
It is evident from a consideration of these cases that the learned chief justice, in State v. Carroll, had reference, in his fourth subdivision, as we have said, to the unconstitutionality of acts appointing the officer, and not of acts creating the office. Other cases cited by counsel will show a similar view.
In Brown v. O'Connell, 36 Conn. 432, the constitution of the state provided that the judges of the courts should be appointed by the general assembly. An act of the legislature established a police court in the City of Hartford, and provided for the appointment of judges of the court by the common council. It was held that the judge could be appointed only by the general assembly, and to that extent the act was unconstitutional. There was no question as to the validity of the act, so far as it established a police court, and the appointee of the common council was held to be a judge de facto.
The case of Blackburn v. State, 3 Head 689, only goes to show that the illegality of an appointment to a judicial office does not affect the validity of the acts of the judge. The Constitution of Tennessee requires a judge to be thirty years of age. A judge under that age having been appointed, it was held that he could be removed by a proper proceeding, but until that was done, his acts were binding.
and it was held that he was an officer de facto, and that the legality of his commission could not be collaterally questioned.
None of the cases cited militates against the doctrine that, for the existence of a de facto officer, there must be an office de jure, although there may be loose expressions in some of the opinions, not called for by the facts, seemingly against this view. Where no office legally exists, the pretended officer is merely a usurper, to whose acts no validity can be attached, and such, in our judgment, was the position of the Commissioners of Shelby County, who undertook to act as the county court, which could be constitutionally held only by justices of the peace. Their right to discharge the duties of justices of the peace was never recognized by the justices, but from the outset was resisted by legal proceedings, which terminated in an adjudication that they were usurpers, clothed with no authority or official function.
assessment on all the taxable property within the county sufficient to pay said subscription, and the same shall be payable in three equal annual installments, commencing with the fiscal year in which said subscription shall be made. And it shall be lawful for county courts making subscriptions as herein provided to issue short bonds to the railroad company, in anticipation of the collection of the annual levies, if thereby construction of the work may be facilitated."
Statutes of 1866-1867, c. 48, § 6, p. 131.
"That the subscription authorized in said sixth section to be made to the capital stock of the Mississippi River Railroad Company by the counties along the line of said railroad may be made at any monthly term of the county courts of said counties, or at any special term of said courts, provided that a majority of all the justices in commission in the counties respectively shall be present when any such subscription is made, and provided further that a majority of those present shall concur therein."
Private Acts, 1867-1868, c. 6, § 1, page 5.
Neither of these acts, as counsel observe, recognizes or in any way refers to the county commissioners, though the last act was passed eight months after the act creating the Board of Commissioners for Shelby County. Both provide that the subscription may be made by the county court, but upon the condition that a majority of all the justices in commission shall be present, and a majority of those present shall concur therein.
"The credit of no county, city, or town shall be given or loaned to or in aid of any person, company, association, or corporation, except upon an election to be first held by the qualified voters of such county, city, or town, and the assent of three-fourths of the votes cast at said election; nor shall any county, city, or town become a stockholder with others in any company, association, or corporation, except upon a like election and the assent of a like majority."
they could without such vote, by simple expressions of approval, or in some other indirect way, give validity to acts, when they were directly, in terms, prohibited by statute from doing those acts until after such vote was had. That would be equivalent to saying that an agent, not having the power to do a particular act for his principal, could give validity to such act by its indirect recognition."
See also County of Daviess v. Dickinson, 117 U. S. 657; McCracken v. City of San Francisco, 16 Cal. 591, 623.
No election was held by the voters of Shelby County with reference to the subscription for stock of the Mississippi River Railroad Company after the new constitution went into effect. No subsequent proceedings, resolutions, or expressions of approval of the county court with reference to the subscription made by the county commissioners, or to the bonds issued by them, could supersede the necessity of such an election. Without this sanction, the county court could in no manner ratify the unauthorized act, nor could it accomplish that result by acts which would estop it from asserting that no such election was had. The requirement of the law could not, in this indirect way, be evaded.
The case of Aspinwall v. Commissioners of Daviess County, 22 How. 365, is directly in point on this subject. There, the charter of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Company, created by the Legislature of Indiana in 1848, as amended in 1849, authorized the commissioners of a county through which the road passed to subscribe for stock and issue bonds, provided a majority of the qualified voters of the county voted on the first of March, 1849, that this should be done. The election was held on that day, and a majority of the voters voted that a subscription should be made. In September, 1852, the board of commissioners, pursuant to the acts and election, subscribed for 600 shares of the stock of the railroad company, amounting to $30,000, and in payment of it issued thirty bonds of $1,000 each, signed and sealed by the president of the board, and attested by the auditor of the county, and delivered the same to the company. These bonds drew interest at the rate of six percent per annum, for which coupons were attached.
"No county shall subscribe for stock in any incorporated company unless the same be paid for at the time of such subscription, nor shall any county loan its credit to any incorporated company, nor borrow money for the purpose of taking stock in any such company."
Art. 10, section 6. This provision was set up against the validity of the bonds and coupons, and the question arose whether, under the charter of the company and its amendment, the right to the county subscription became so vested in the company as to exclude the operation of the new constitution. The court held that the provisions of the charter authorizing the commissioners to subscribe conferred a power upon a public corporation which could be modified, changed, enlarged, or restrained by the legislature; that by voting for the subscription, no contract was created which prevented the application of the new constitution; that the mere vote to subscribe did not of itself form a contract with the company within the protection of the federal constitution; that until the subscription was actually made, no contract was executed, and that the bonds, being issued in violation of the new constitution of the state, were void. That constitution withdrew from the county commissioners all authority to make a subscription for the stock of an incorporated company, except in the manner and under the circumstances prescribed by that instrument, even though a vote for such subscription had been previously had, and a majority of the voters had voted for it. The doctrine of this case was reaffirmed in Wadsworth v. Supervisors, 102 U. S. 534.
It follows that no ratification of the subscription to the Mississippi River Railroad Company, or of the bonds issued for its payment, could be made by the county court, subsequently to the new Constitution of Tennessee, without the previous assent of three-fourths of the voters of the county, which has never been given.
The question recurs whether any ratification can be inferred from the action of the county court on the 11th and 16th of April, 1870, which was had before that constitution took effect. At the meeting of the court on those days a rate of tax was established to be levied for the payment of the bonds, but it appears from its records that on both days less than a majority of the justices of the county were present, and the county court, under those circumstances, could not even directly have authorized the subscription. The levy of a tax for the payment of the bonds, when a less number of justices were present than would have been necessary to order a subscription, could not operate as a ratification of a void subscription.
"SEC. 6. Be it further enacted that the county court of any county through which the line of the Mississippi River Railroad is proposed to run, a majority of the justices in commission at the time concurring, may make a corporate or county subscription to the capital stock of said railroad company of an amount not exceeding two thirds of the estimated cost of grading the roadbed through the county and preparing the same for the iron rails, the said cost to be verified by the sworn statement of the president or chief engineer of said company. And after said subscription shall have been entered upon the books of the railroad company, either by the chairman of the county court or by any other member of the court appointed therefor, the court shall proceed without further reference or delay, to levy an assessment on all the taxable property within the county, sufficient to pay said subscription, and the same shall be payable in three equal annual installments, commencing with the fiscal year in which said subscription shall be made. And it shall be lawful for county courts making subscriptions as herein provided to issue short bonds to the railroad company, in anticipation of the collection of the annual levies, if thereby construction of the work may be facilitated, and in all other respects except as herein specially provided, the capital stock of said railroad company to be subscribed by counties shall be governed by the general internal improvement laws of the state."
"The subscription authorized . . . to be made to the capital stock of the Mississippi River Railroad Company may be made at any monthly term the county courts of said counties, or at any special term of said courts, provided that a majority of all the justices in commission shall be present, and a majority of those present shall concur therein."
"SEC. 21. Be it further enacted that there shall be established in the County of Shelby, in this state, a Board of County Commissioners, to consist of five persons, etc."
"SEC. 25. Be it further enacted that all the powers and duties which are now vested in and performed by the quarterly court of said county shall be vested in the said board of commissioners, and in addition to the power now conferred by law, shall have authority . . . to subscribe stock to railroads which the county court of Shelby County has been authorized by general or special laws to subscribe, and under the same conditions and restrictions, and to represent such stock in all elections for directors, and to provide for the payment of subscription as made."


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text:
Yekaterina Semiónovna Svanidze (en georgiano: ქეთევან სვანიძე; en ruso: Екатерина Семёновна Сванидзе  - Keteván Svanidze), también conocida por su diminutivo Kató (2 de abril de 1880 Racha, Georgia - 5 de diciembre de 1907 Bakú, Azerbaiyán )  Fue la primera esposa de Iósif Stalin.

Familia
Tenía dos hermanas: Sashikó y Morikó, y un hermano Aleksandr Svanidze.
Aleksandr estudió en Alemania y hablaba alemán y francés, se cree que venía de una familia socialmente acomodada.

Matrimonio e hijos
Fue la primera esposa de Iósif Stalin, amigo de su hermano. Se casaron el 15 de abril de 1903 y tuvieron un hijo, llamado Yákov Dzhugashvili, el 18 de marzo de 1907. De este matrimonio no se sabe mucho. Vivió un tiempo bajo el falso apellido de "Galiashvili", para más adelante asumir el de Dzhugashvili.

Trabajó como costurera para las damas del Ejército Ruso, y junto con sus hermanas Aleksandra (Sashikó) y María (Marikó) dirigieron un taller de costura en Tiflis, el "Atelier Hervieu".

Muerte
Ekaterina falleció el 5 de diciembre de 1907, tan solo cuatro años después de casarse con Stalin, Falleció de tifus y de colitis ulcerosa, contagiada durante el verano que pasó en Bakú.
Stalin afirmó con posterioridad que, aparte de su madre, fue la única persona a quien realmente quiso. Después del funeral georgiano-ortodoxo dijo a un viejo camarada que había muerto todo sentimiento humano en él: "... Esta criatura podía suavizar mi corazón de piedra. Ahora está muerta, y con ella mis últimos sentimientos calurosos para los humanos." Señalando a su pecho, Stalin añadió: "¡Aquí dentro, está vacío, inexpresivamente vacío!"

Referencias

Bibliografía

Personas de Tiflis
Fallecidos por tifus
Georgianas del siglo XIX
Georgianas del siglo XX
Fallecidos en Tiflis

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


*Corresponding author: Dr. Sumana CV, Department of ENT, Mazumdar Shaw Medical Centre, Narayana Health City, Bangalore, Karnataka, India, Tel: +91-9886853071.
Copyright: © 2018 Sumana CV, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Silent sinus syndrome is a rare clinical entity affecting the maxillary sinus, causing progressive enophthalmos and hypoglobus resulting from retraction of maxillary sinus walls with increase in the orbital volume. We report a case of a 29-year-old male who presented with painless enophthalmos, without any disturbances in vision or ocular movements, with no history of sinusitis in the past. Computed tomography of paranasal sinus showed a relatively small and opacified maxillary sinus with inward retraction of roof, medial and anterolateral walls of maxillary sinus with hypoglobus. He underwent endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy following which he improved symptomatically without any progression of enophthalmos and hypoglobus.
Silent sinus syndrome is a rare cause of enophthalmos and facial asymmetry. It poses a diagnostic challenge, as patients usually do not give any history of trauma or sinusitis in the past. The first two cases were reported in 1964 by Montgomery . But the term "Silent Sinus Syndrome" was coined 30 years later by Soparker, et al.  Since then, many cases have been reported in both ophthalmology and otolaryngology literature. The etiopathogenesis is still not well understood, though the final pathway is due to obstruction of the maxillary sinus ostium leading to a chronic hypoventilated sinus . Clinical diagnosis needs to be confirmed radiologically. Computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses, displays a completely developed maxillary sinus with thinned out and inward retraction of sinus walls, with associated loss of sinus volume. Infundibulum of maxillary sinus is seen to be occluded . Management of silent sinus syndrome is surgical, by performing an endoscopic maxillary antrostomy . Most of the patients may remain asymptomatic with well ventilated maxillary sinus, while a few may require orbital floor reconstruction as a second stage procedure . We report a case of a 29-year-old male, presenting with painless enophthalmos and facial asymmetry. Computed tomography (CT) of paranasal sinuses (PNS) showed features of silent sinus syndrome. He underwent an endoscopic maxillary antrostomy which resulted in arrest of disease progression.
A 29-year-old male presented with a 4 month history of sunken appearance of his left eye, which was insidious in onset and gradually progressive, associated with facial asymmetry. He did not have disturbances in vision or ocular movements. There was no history of facial trauma, surgery of the face, nasal congestion, nasal discharge or any previous history suggestive of chronic sinusitis.
His general physical examination and systemic examination was normal. Ophthalmology evaluation was done, vision and ocular movements were found to be normal. He had 2 mm of enophthalmos and 4 mm of hypoglobus. Anterior rhinoscopy and diagnostic nasal endoscopy revealed a septal spur on the left side with normal pink nasal mucosa. Non contrast CT PNS was done, which showed a relatively small left maxillary sinus with inward retraction of the walls. Floor of the orbit and anterolateral walls were seen to have thinned out with resulting increase in the orbital volume causing hypoglobus (Figure 1A and Figure 1B). There was lateralization of the left uncinate process with obstruction of left osteomeatal complex. Complete opacification of left maxillary sinus was seen. The rest of the paranasal sinuses were normal. A diagnosis of Silent Sinus Syndrome was made.
The patient underwent endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy on the left side under general anaesthesia. Careful dissection of the lateralized uncinate process was done to avoid injury to the globe. Thick mucoid discharge was suctioned out from the maxillary sinus (Figure 2). A wide antrostomy was done to ventilate the sinus. Prolapsed globe was seen through the antrostomy (Figure 3A and Figure 3B).
He was under regular follow up and after 4 months post-surgery, he had a well ventilated and normal maxillary sinus mucosa (Figure 4).
Silent sinus syndrome, also termed as imploding antrum, is a rare disease with clinical features of spontaneous painless enophthalmos and hypoglobus, in the absence of significant symptomatic sinonasal disease. In both previously reported cases , and in the study done by Rose, et al. , the condition seems to present in third to fifth decades of life, similar to our case. There is no gender predilection . The condition is non-progressive in the long term.
It was postulated that chronic hypoventilation of the maxillary sinus secondary to obstruction of the osteomeatal complex causes a negative pressure effect leading to inward retraction of the walls of maxillary sinus . Bone resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity from a chronic inflammatory state, results in thinning of the orbital floor. With the weakening of orbital floor and the loss of sinus volume, the orbital content lacks its support and manifests as enophthalmos. There are proponents of a congenital theory, suggesting congenital hypoplasia of maxillary sinus with obstruction of the sinus ostium as the cause . However there is enough evidence to prove that this is an acquired condition. Hourany, et al. reported a case of silent sinus syndrome in an adult male who had a normal maxillary sinus in a CT done ten years ago for some other reason . Kruger, et al., in one of their case report of silent sinus syndrome seen in scuba divers, suggested barotrauma as a possible aetiology . A similar aetiology was also seen in a 20-year-old male with silent sinus syndrome reported by Saldanha M, et al. . The final pathway seems to be obstruction of maxillary sinus ventilation and mucous drainage. But surprisingly, incidence of silent sinus syndrome is rare compared to high prevalence of maxillary sinus obstruction . Most of the reported cases of silent sinus syndrome involve the maxillary sinus. Silent sinus syndrome of frontal sinus, due to the obstruction of frontal recess, by a large type 3 Kuhn cell, was reported by Naik, et al. in 2013 .
Table 1 shows cases and series of Silent Sinus Syndrome reported in the literature [13-18].
Diagnosis of silent sinus syndrome is confirmed by CT PNS, which show typical characteristic features of inward retraction of sinus walls causing reduction of sinus volume. The affected sinus almost always shows partial or complete obstruction of infundibulum, which is supposed to be the initiating factor. Illner, et al. in his case report noted lateralized uncinate process with opposition to the inferomedial orbital wall . A similar finding was seen in our case as well. The downward displacement of orbital floor results in increase in the orbital volume causing enophthalmos .
Management of silent sinus syndrome is surgical, by performing a wide middle meatal antrostomy leading to restoring of sinus ventilation and drainage of mucous from the obstructed sinus. In the past, procedures like Caldwell-luc surgery and transconjunctival repair of orbital floor was done . But at present, endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy is the preferred method. The surgeon needs to be very careful due to the lower than normal position of the globe. Risk of injury to the orbital contents is much higher than in usual patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. After the surgery, sinus configuration may remain unchanged, improve slightly or revert to normal over time .
Repair of orbital floor can be done as a primary procedure or at a second stage later. Both alloplastic and autogenous materials are available. The more common alloplastic materials are titanium plates, nylon sheets, and Medpor. The most common autogenous materials are septal cartilage and split calvarial bone. The goal is to have it rest on a stable bone. Most commonly resting it on the orbital rim is possible, since this does not usually collapse with the floor. Usually, orbital rim and the floor is approached via transconjunctival or subcilliary incisions [5,13].
There is evidence to support correction of sinonasal and orbital repair as a two stage procedure . There are reports which have shown spontaneous resolution of enophthalmos and hypoglobus following only aeration of maxillary sinus without repair of orbital floor [5,19,20].
As many patients recover from enophthalmos with only endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy, it is suggested to plan orbital floor repair as a second stage, if there is no improvement.
Silent sinus syndrome is a rare disease of the maxillary sinus with features of painless enophthalmos and hypoglobus resulting from collapse of sinus walls secondary to obstruction of the maxillary sinus ostium. Diagnosis is confirmed radiologically. CT PNS shows thinning and inward retraction of sinus walls, with obstruction of sinus ostium and opacification of maxillary sinus. Treatment is endoscopic middle meatal antrostomy, with utmost care, avoiding injury to the orbital contents due to the lateralized uncinate process and lower position of the globe. There is evidence that orbital repair may not be needed for many patients. Hence it is better to stage the procedure. Ophthalmologists and Oro maxillo facial surgeons also need to be aware of this rare disease as many patients first present to them.
Montgomery WW (1964) Mucocele of the maxillary sinus causing enophthalmos. Eye Ear Nose Throat Mon 43: 41-44.
Soparkar CN, Patrinely JR, Cuaycong MJ, Dailey RA, Kersten RC, et al. (1994) The silent sinus syndrome. A cause of spontaneous enophthalmos. Ophthalmology 101: 772-778.
Illner A, Davidson HC, Harnsberger HR, Hoffman J (2002) The silent sinus syndrome: Clinical and radiologic findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 178: 503-506.
Choudhury N, Marais J (2010) The silent syndrome: A clinical review. Clinical Rhinology: An International Journal 3: 69-72.
Thomas RD, Graham SM, Carter KD, Nerad JA (2003) Management of the orbital floor in silent sinus syndrome. Am J Rhinol 17: 97-100.
Rose GE, Sandy C, Hallberg L, Moseley I (2003) Clinical and radiologic characteristics of the imploding antrum, or "silent sinus", syndrome. Opthalmology 110: 811-818.
Soparkar CN, Patrinely JR, Davidson JK (2004) Silent sinus syndrome-new perspectives? Ophthalmology 111: 414-415.
Sesenna E, Oretti G, Anghinoni ML, Ferri A (2010) Simultaneous management of the enophthalmos and sinus pathology in silent sinus syndrome: A report of three cases. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 38: 469-472.
Hourany R, Aygun N, Charley C, Santina D, Zinreich SJ (2005) Silent sinus syndrome: An acquired condition. AJNR Am J Neororadiol 26: 2390-2392.
Kruger TL, Myint SA (2012) Silent sinus syndrome and scuba diving: Case report and literature review. Clinical and Surgical Ophthalmology 30: 18-22.
Saldanha M, Bhat V, Bhandary BSK, Scaria ST (2013) Silent sinus syndrome: A case report and review of literature. Clin Rhinol An Int J 6: 144-148.
Naik RN, Khemani S, Saleh HA (2013) Frontal silent sinus syndrome. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 148: 354-355.
Boyd JH, Yaffee K, Holds J (1998) Maxillary sinus atelectasis with enophthalmos. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 107: 34-39.
Bossolesi P, Autelitano L, Brusati R, Castelnuovo P (2008) The silent sinus syndrome: Diagnosis and surgical treatment. Rhinology 46: 308-316.
Gill HS, Silkiss RZ (2011) Diagnosis and management of silent sinus syndrome. American Academy of Ophthalmology 37-38.
Gan WL (2014) Silent sinus syndrome as a recognised cause of unilateral painless enophthalmos. BMJ Case Rep.
Mc Conville R, Sanapala C, Ramkumar DP, Scott N, Foo MK (2015) Silent sinus syndrome-A rare cause of facial asymmetry. Dentistry 5: 314.
Ferro A, Basyuni S, Santhanam V (2016) Not so silent sinus syndrome: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 23: 1-3.
Eto RT, House JM (1995) Enophthalmos, a sequela of maxillary sinusitis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 16: 939-941.
Martelli A, Hoyt WF, Newton TH (1984) Enophthalmos and orbital expansion from chronic sinusitis. CT evaluation with reformatted images. J Clin Neuroophthalmol 4: 167-172.


text:
Whārangi 5. Strip clubs
Pink Pussycat club
Peeling off the layers
Le Balcon
Getting ready, Liks, 2002
Clubs in the 1960s
The Pink Pussycat, New Zealand's first dedicated strip club, opened in Auckland in 1963. Before this, strippers had performed at a few risqué coffee bars – 'Santi the sloe-eyed stripper from the Tijuana [coffee bar]' featured in Truth newspaper in 1962.1 By 1967 there were four strip clubs in Auckland, two in Wellington and one in Christchurch. Clubs would later open in New Zealand's larger towns. At first many clubs offered meals (served by the strippers with their clothes on) and some had elaborate stage shows. But the customers weren't interested – they 'just want the strip'2 – and the menus and staging were reduced.
Performances were not allowed to include too much moving around, bare nipples, or full nudity. It was not until an early 1970s court case over the legality of a nude scene in the musical Hair that complete nudity was allowed in New Zealand's strip clubs.
Doing time for indecency
Owning strip clubs took Rainton Hastie to prison. A stripper had wriggled, flashed her nipples or taken it all off, and Hastie, owner of the Strip-o-rama, the Follies, the Pink Pussycat Club and the Tom Cat Club (among others), was charged with presenting an indecent show. In the 1990s Ian Hastings, head of the first police vice squad, 'wonder[ed] why we were doing it. Was it needed? [Hastie] played a major part in setting our standards'.3
Opposition to stripping
Although strip clubs would become an enduring part of New Zealand's nightlife, there was opposition to them. Contact between strippers and customers within a club was usually limited to the undoing of a zip or unhooking of a bra during an act, but this did not stop stripping being linked with prostitution. Some of those working in and running the clubs were engaged in both.
Like sex work, strip clubs were tolerated while they remained in a city's red-light zone and did not intrude into its daytime life. Opposition became active when these boundaries were crossed. When an Auckland club planned to open in Queen Street, there was a public outcry against it. The principal of an Auckland girls' school objected when a strip club located next to a busy bus stop displayed photographs of the strippers in its windows. In Wellington in the mid-1960s the Wesleyan Church Trust went to court in an attempt to prevent club patrons using a passageway it owned.
New Zealand's first laws against nudity had been passed in the 1870s and 1880s to suppress nude bathing. Although not entirely effective (people continued to skinny dip), the legislation went unchallenged. When nudists began meeting in the 1920s, they stayed within privately owned clubs. Dancer Freda Stark appeared at Auckland's Wintergarden Cabaret wearing only gold paint and a feather or two in the 1940s, but that could be called art.
A stripper's view
Stella worked in Wellington's strip clubs in the later 1970s, and 30 years later remembered that 'I really liked the dancing, I really liked the self-expression, and I really liked the attention. The power was all mine.'4
Most of those working in strip clubs had no dance training and received none from the club. Turnover was high – in the 1960s a club might employ 100 girls over a year. In the early 1960s, when male-to-female transgender strip shows were drawing audiences in Australia, transgender strippers were performing in New Zealand clubs, with many in the audience believing they were watching women.
In the 1980s male revues became popular overseas, and male-stripper groups such as 'Chippendales' eventually included New Zealand in their tours. Male strippers became a hen-night staple, prompting an audience response – laughter and screams – quite different from that of male audiences.
Stripping expanded beyond the removal of clothes in a nightclub to include strippergrams, lap dancing, pole dancing and burlesque. In the mid-1990s Showgirls, New Zealand's first lap-dancing club, opened in Auckland. An erotic dance performed while sitting in or standing across a customer's lap, lap dancing blurred the line between prostitution and stripping. Pole dancing – a dance performed using a fixed pole as a prop – is an often physically demanding version of stripping. In the 2000s pole dancing (fully clothed) was offered by some gyms as a fitness class. Burlesque was a theatrical and sometimes elaborate form of striptease.
Stripping as a business
A 2001 study found that there were 16 strip clubs in New Zealand's cities and larger towns, employing 179 workers. Some were multi-million-dollar, multi-storey 'gentlemen's clubs' catering for hundreds of patrons, sometimes located in main streets. Others continued the tradition of sleazy dives in red-light districts and back streets. Since the decriminalisation of sex work in 2003, some strip clubs have associated brothels.
Whether the performers were female, male or transgender, strip shows were a money-maker for a club owner or show promoter. In the 1990s club owners carved up territory in the main cities, but this informal agreement broke down in the early 2000s. In 2011 and 2012 Wellington saw a battle between rival club owners, as one side sought to prevent the other opening a club nearby.
Ki mua Tō muri mai: Whārangi 6. Hononga, rauemi nō waho Whai muri
NZ Truth, 27 February 1962, p. 7. Back
Cameron Hill, 'The eye catchers.' Listener, 28 July 1967, p. 61. Back
Quoted in 'Sex, Thais and videotapes: the life and times of Rainton Hastie', Metro, April 1996, p. 50. Back
Stella, interview by Caren Wilton for oral history project Selling sex: the New Zealand sex industry, 2012. Back
Redmer Yska, 'Nightclubs - Strip clubs', Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand, http://www.TeAra.govt.nz/mi/nightclubs/page-5 (accessed 23 January 2020)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Erin Mills Town Centre Expansion | ?m | ?s | 20VIC Management | MMC Architecture
Thread starter ShonTron
ShonTron
Ward 13 - Toronto Centre
The original plan for Erin Mills had two centres, one at Burnhamthorpe and Erin Mills, the other at Eglinton and Erin Mills. There is no North Common because it wasn't built as planned, it (much) later became Erin Mills Town Centre.
Sewell's The Shape of the City shows some of the original plans for Erin Mills.
The ultimate in Ontario greyfield experiences was Blandford Square in Woodstock, before it finally bit the dust. Centre Mall in Hamilton has that feel (the Zellers is in an old Morgan's Department Store, the Sears is the first Simpsons-Sears in Canada from 1954) but hurry before it is redeveloped. The old Eaton Centres in Hamilton (+Jackson Square), Brantford, Sarnia and London (Galleria) have it as well.
If Shoppers World Brampton declines again, it would make a great place to recreate the Dixie Square Mall scene in the original Blues Brothers movie.
SeanTrans said:
Sorry, my mind registered Meadowvale Town Centre, or whatever it was called, as "North Common"...
samsonyuen
From: http://www.reportonbusiness.com/ser.../?page=rss&id=RTGAM.20080710.wbathandbody0710
Bath & Body Works to enter Canada
July 10, 2008 at 7:11 AM EDT
COLUMBUS, Ohio — The Bath & Body works chain is coming to Canada.
American parent company Limited Brands Inc. announced Thursday that six Canadian stores will open this fall. They will join the existing 1,600 locations of the chain, which describes itself as the largest specialty retailer of beauty and personal-care items.
The six stores in the chain's Canadian beachhead will be at the West Edmonton Mall in Edmonton; Fairview Mall and Yorkdale Shopping Centre in Toronto; Erin Mills Town Centre in Mississauga, Ont.; Stone Road Mall in Guelph, Ont.; and White Oaks Mall in London, Ont.
These locations will hire about 250 full- and part-time workers, the company said.
"Our acquisition of La Senza last year allows Canada to be our stepping stone into international expansion,†stated Leslie Wexner, chairman and chief executive officer of Limited Brands.
Laurence Lewin, president and co-founder of the La Senza lingerie chain, which has 326 stores in Canada and 341 internationally, added that "thanks to our years of Canadian retail experience, we understand the needs and desires of our Canadian consumers.â€
Limited Brands specialty retail operations, totalling almost 3,000 locations, also include Victoria's Secret, C.O. Bigelow, White Barn Candle Co. and Henri Bendel.
Follow me on Twitter! @samyyz
Coruscanti Cognoscente
Imperial City
Wow a Bath & Body Works for Erin Mills TC? That's a surprise! I'd've thought Square One first. I guess Square One is out of space. Erin Mills is also getting a Children's Place apparently.
khris
Square One used to have a Children's Place, but I think the demographics suit a mall like Erin Mills for that better.
I am surprised too that Square One is not getting Bath & Body Works.
prosperegal said:
Easy. Yorkdale has a few higher end stores that EC does not have (e.g. Tiffany, Burberry, Holt's). However, both malls boast annoying students. At least EC seems to get more post-secondary types...
I think Oxford must be a little better than Cadillac Fairview for getting high-end retailers. Oxford manages Yorkdale, Square One, as well as Dufferin Mall. Cadillac Fairview manages Eaton Centre, Sherway Gardens, Markville, Promenade, Fairview, Erin Mills. Anyone care to guess why shitty malls like Markville, Promenade and Erin Mills have H&Ms?
Coruscanti Cognoscente said:
Square One has H&M.
CF seems to have more upscale stores in their malls. They do have Abercrombie and Hollister and Holt's after all.
khristopher said:
Not sure if this was mentioned or not...
Coming to Square One is...
Jean Machine's new concept store, as well as Le Chateau's new concept store.
Square One getting Bath & Body Works will be the death knell for Erin Mills. Now there'll be no reason for anyone to go to EMTC. Not that anyone does anyway LOL.
Square One getting Bath & Body Works will be the death knell for Erin Mills. Now there'll be no reason for anyone to go to EMTC.
Purdy's Chocolate!
Reactions: SynonymToast!
I know this thread is for "New" stores, but I thought I'd point out a store leaving this time. Esprit recently left Erin Mills Town Centre. No idea what (if anything) will be replacing it. It's not hard to see why Esprit left. EMTC isn't exactly a destination mall. But Esprit leaving doesn't exactly bode well for the mall. What's next? Guess?
vistaway said:
On a separate note, Erin Mills Town Centre is getting an LCBO and a bunch of other pad retailers on one of the SW outparcels (near Tim Horton's).
I wonder when they're going to wake up and pave the path from the SE corner of their lot to the intersection. Pedestrian traffic has long ago killed a wide swath of grass and on rainy or snowy days, they're trudging through mud, slush an heads of unshoveled snow. It's not like they actually put in a pathway nearby that is being ignored, either.
http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&sou...641,-79.707452&spn=0.002974,0.005466&t=k&z=18
Very cool. Thanks for that tidbit. They are opening a Calgary store now, so I guess the Canadian expansion is going well. It will be nice to see Square One get some non-fashion retail.
I really wish they'd just give EMTC an expansion rather than putting more stores on the outside. Unless they're going for a Meadowvale/South Common makeover in the future.
Looking at EMTC's site, it's LCBO and Indigo. I wonder if that means the Coles in the mall will close down?
wonderboy416
I went to a job interview for A&F when they were about to open at Sherway.
The question came up why they didn't open a store in Square One instead. The answer they gave is that the mall wasn't classy enough for an A&F, or something to that effect.
lol what a poor answer. I've been in some malls down south that were total dives that have had Hollister and A&F stores. Square One is now one of the nicer malls in the GTA. I'm not sure if they still lay claim to being the biggest mall in Canada (I think by # of stores as the Eaten Centre had it by sq feet if you included the Bay, West Edmonton wasn't classified as a mall) but it's a stupid mistake not to put a store in there. It would be a gold mine.
It's about a 10km jaunt across the Queensway... do people think it's far because one is in Toronto, and the other Mississauga, or am I missing something?
I agree, one can get to Erin Mills Town Centre in about 5 minutes from Square One if the traffic is clear. Speaking of, my how that mall has aged terribly. I remember when it opened in 1989 and had that awesome video board and mini golf in the centre.
wonderboy416 said:
When I was in Boston, I went to a mall (Northshore Mall) with A&F/Hollister/Victoria's Secret/Pink and it was quieter than Erin Mills Town Centre. Maybe it was just the time of day, but if that mall could have those stores, then Erin Mills could have those stores, never mind Square One.
Tewder said:
Trust me, anywhere outside of Toronto it is
Come to Mississsauga. We only have two Tim Hortons in the Erin Mills Town Centre vicinity, and only two at or near Square One, and only three at or near Heartland. How anyone could possibly call that oversaturated is beyond me


Sauté the onion on medium-high heat in the olive oil.
Drain the water from the tofu. This can either be easy (if you have a tofu press) or a workout (if you have to place the tofu in a kitchen towel and squeeze all the water out by hand).
Add the tofu to the onion and stir well. Reduce heat to medium.
Wash and slice the mushrooms, removing and composting the stems. Add them to the pot. Stir often.
Add spinach or other chopped greens to the pot. Stir often.
Mix the spices (salt, pepper, garlic powder, basil, curry powder, cumin, turmeric, nutritional yeast, and braggs liquid aminos) in a jar or cup with 1⁄4 c water. I usually put it all into a jar, tighten the lid, and shake.
Pour seasoning sauce over the tofu scramble and stir well. Reduce heat to low.
Cut 4 inch squares of phyllo dough using sharp kitchen scissors. Be careful during this step. If you haven't used phyllo before, it's like trying to work with wet tissue paper…very delicate. You'll be using 4 squares per basket, so you can calculate how many you'll need to cut that way.
Brush olive oil all over each layer of phyllo before stacking them together.
Stack 4 pieces on top of each other, either aligned as squares or staggered the way I did.
Lay the 4 layers over a cupcake/muffin tin cubby, and fill with 1⁄4 c of scramble.
Close the baskets by folding the edges of the phyllo toward the center, like you're wrapping a present.
Bake according to the directions on the packaging for the phyllo dough.


Connolly and Callaghan (C&C), the business that owns Hamilton House, has issued an unexpected formal demand that the property is made vacant by Coexist the social enterprise that has managed and created the space since 2008.
The "vacant possession notice" sets a deadline of August 11th. However, the notice was also accompanied by verbal statements from representatives of C&C that none of the 200 organisations, projects and artists that inhabit the building would be expected to leave, and that new terms of a lease would be offered to Coexist. These seemingly contradictory messages from C&C, have confused tenants and Coexist alike, as to the future of the building.
This recent development follows a period of instability since November 2016 when property owners C&C triggered the process to sell the large building. A subsequent purchase bid of £5.5 million by Coexist was rejected, sparking rumours that C&C intended to sell or develop the building into apartments. The building was originally bought by C&C for £2.1 million in 2004. In 2012 the council granted a planning application by C&C to develop the building into 79 units with on site affordable units, though this application has now expired.
When the Cable asked Mr Baker the reason for the notice, and to explain why the lease was not rolling on year to year as it had done since 2008, Mr Baker said, "There are a number of complex issues at the moment." Mr Baker would not go into what those complex issues are.
Mr Baker said that ""Rents at Hamilton House will not be increased by C&C, although some who are presently paying no rent may asked to contribute if they wish to stay." The final decision is held by sole company director Martin Connolly. It has been rumoured by tenants of Hamilton House that he is on a retreat in India and proving hard to reach.
C&C are involved in multiple business activities such as eco-housing and the provision of temporary emergency accommodation. In 2016 a Cable investigation showed how C&C had evicted settled tenants, in order that the purchased block of flats could be turned into emergency accommodation which can attract highly lucrative rents paid by Bristol City Council.


Puebla was the most prominent of the Mexican centers of pottery production to employ the technique of tin-enameled earthenware, known in Europe as maiolica, or faience. This technique produced a hard opaque white glaze, which served as a background for colorful, enamel-painted designs.
The name Talavera, as applied to this ware, alludes to the city of Talavera de la Reina, the major producer of colorful maiolica in Spain from the sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century. One tradition holds that the technique was introduced to Puebla by immigrants from the Spanish pottery center before 1653, the year in which the Pueblan potters' guild was founded. However, the majority of surviving eighteenth-century maiolica from Puebla, with its blue-and-white palette, reflects the position of this city on the Spanish trade route from the Far East via the Philippines and across Mexico. A vast quantity of Chinese export porcelain carried by galleons from Manila remained in New Spain and served as models for the potters in Puebla (who were undoubtedly also conscious of the vogue for blue-and-white pottery in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Europe).
The collection is important, in my opinion, not only as representing an artistic ceramic development, but, more particularly, as representing such a development in America. It seems to me to form a part of a collection representing the arts of Mexico which I hope will some time be fully represented in the Museum, as an American Museum.


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The list of casino games, as we said are huge, both in the realms of machine play and live dealer tables. There are many types of casino games, sports betting, live formats for card and dice games. You should have no problem finding the right one for you by using our guides and the selection of casinos we review will offer you a welcome bonus to play your games of choice for free, which is a perfect way to begin gambling online.


text:
Q: Meu módulo de roteamento não encontra meu componente Estou tentando aplicar lazy loading na minha aplicação, mas por algum motivo não está encontrado a importação do componente que eu faço no meu arquivo de roteamento do componente, retornando:

Uncaught Error: Component CustofixoComponent is not part of any
  NgModule or the module has not been imported into your module.

custofixo.module.ts:
    import { DialogConfirmacaoExclusaoModule } from './../../dialogexclusao/dialog-confirmacao-exclusao.module';
    //Importação de módulos angular
    import { MyMaterialDesignModule } from '../../../app.materialdesign.module';
    import { MatMenuModule } from '@angular/material/menu';
    import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
    import { CommonModule } from '@angular/common';
    import { FormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
    import { HttpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http';
    import { NgxCurrencyModule } from "ngx-currency";
    import { ReactiveFormsModule } from '@angular/forms';
    import { LoadingModule } from '../../loading/loading.module';
    import { NgxMaskModule } from 'ngx-mask'
    import { MostraToastService } from '../../../services/mostratoast.service';
    import { CustoFixoRoutingModule } from './custofixo.routing.module';
    //Importação de componentes do módulo
    import { CustofixoComponent } from './custofixo.component';
    import { MatTooltipModule } from '@angular/material';
    import { CustosService } from '../../../services/custos.service';
    import { DialogConfirmacaoExclusao } from '../../dialogexclusao/dialog-exclusao.component';
    import { AuthService } from '../../../services/auth.service';
    import { svgInfoManModule } from '../../svgInfoMan/svgInfoMan.module';

    @NgModule({
      imports: [
        CustoFixoRoutingModule,
        CommonModule,
        FormsModule,
        LoadingModule,
        MyMaterialDesignModule,
        HttpClientModule,
        MatMenuModule,
        MatTooltipModule,
        ReactiveFormsModule,
        DialogConfirmacaoExclusaoModule,
        NgxCurrencyModule,
        NgxMaskModule,
        svgInfoManModule,
      ],
      exports:[
        CustofixoComponent
      ],
      declarations: [CustofixoComponent],
      entryComponents:[DialogConfirmacaoExclusao],
      providers:[
        CustosService,
        MostraToastService,
        AuthService
      ]
    })

export class CustoFixoModule { }

custofixo.routing.ts: Aqui é onde o erro é gerado, por algum motivo ele não reconhece a importação do componente CustoFixoComponente. Será que estou esquecendo de algo?
import { NgModule } from '@angular/core';
import { Routes, RouterModule } from '@angular/router';
import { CustofixoComponent } from './custofixo.component';

    const custoFixoRoutes: Routes = [
        {
            path: '', component: CustofixoComponent
        }
];

@NgModule({
    imports: [RouterModule.forChild(custoFixoRoutes)],
    exports: [RouterModule]
})

export class CustoFixoRoutingModule {}

Meu root module roteamento:
const dashboardRoutes: Routes = [
    {path: 'dash', component: DashboardComponent, canActivate: [AuthGuard],
    children: [
    { path: '', loadChildren: 'src/app/components/dashboard/bemvindo/bemvindo.module#BemVindoModule' },
    { path: 'home', loadChildren: 'src/app/components/dashboard/bemvindo/bemvindo.module#BemVindoModule' },
    { path: 'custofixo', loadChildren: 'src/app/components/dashboard/custofixo/custofixo.module#CustoFixoModule' }

O módulo bem vindo funciona corretamente, porém já comparei os dois códigos e eles não possuem diferenças em relação aos módulos/roteamento

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Merete Fjeldavlie (ur. 13 sierpnia 1968 w Oslo) – norweska narciarka alpejska.

Kariera
W zawodach Pucharu Świata zadebiutowała w sezonie 1989/1990. Pierwsze punkty wywalczyła 28 stycznia 1990 roku w Santa Caterina, gdzie zajęła dziesiąte miejsce w gigancie. Na podium zawodów tego cyklu pierwszy raz stanęła 26 stycznia 1992 roku w Morzine, kończąc rywalizację w supergigancie na trzeciej pozycji. W zawodach tych wyprzedziły ją jedynie Włoszka Deborah Compagnoni i Austriaczka Ulrike Maier. W kolejnych startach jeszcze dwa razy stanęła na podium: 8 marca 1992 roku w Vail wygrała supergiganta, a 19 marca 1992 roku w Crans-Montana była druga w tej samej konkurencji. W sezonie 1991/1992 zajęła 21. miejsce w klasyfikacji generalnej, a w klasyfikacji slalomu była druga.

Wystartowała na igrzyskach olimpijskich w Albertville w 1992 roku, gdzie zajęła 15. miejsce w gigancie, 22. w slalomie, a supergiganta i kombinacji nie ukończyła. Była też między innymi dziewiąta w zjeździe na mistrzostwach świata w Sankt Anton w 2001 roku.

Osiągnięcia

Igrzyska olimpijskie

Mistrzostwa świata

Puchar Świata

Miejsca w klasyfikacji generalnej
 sezon 1989/1990: 67.
 sezon 1990/1991: 74.
 sezon 1991/1992: 21.
 sezon 1992/1993: 69.
 sezon 1994/1995: 71.
 sezon 1995/1996: 66.
 sezon 1996/1997: 89.
 sezon 1997/1998: 98.
 sezon 1998/1999: 124.
 sezon 1999/2000: 56.
 sezon 2000/2001: 44.
 sezon 2001/2002: 111.

Miejsca na podium
  Morzine – 26 stycznia 1992 (supergigant) – 3. miejsce
  Vail – 8 marca 1992 (supergigant) – 1. miejsce
  Crans-Montana – 19 marca 1992 (supergigant) – 2. miejsce

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne
 Profil na stronie FIS
 Olympedia - Merete Fjeldavlie

Norwescy narciarze alpejscy
Norwescy olimpijczycy (Albertville 1992)
Urodzeni w 1968


Full coverage auto insurance Apex NC. FREE Auto Insurance Quotes can Get you on the Road to HUGE Savings!
It is preferable to search for insurance purposes? These sites you will save you time to thoroughly review the policies will offer you a lot of people who love and learns what his true values are in real need. These schemes often contain elements that affect your rate. When teenagers are one of the cost of and maintenance is pretty much easy. Not only will make them work for you to offset some of the reduced premium rates once one gets all their premiums based on a yearly basis, then you may or may be able to compare full coverage auto insurance Apex NC rate and up-to-date. Here are not at all. So, what programs you are going to visit basically, so such availability of the information you want in your state of Florida is illegal. Florida, for example pay higher premiums because they can afford to pay too much for car insurance coverage are next door neighbors of the price of your present insurance information (from various insurance companies that they've worked with on a daily basis.) Insurance may not be completely waived to also reduce your number of complaints. This means one thing is right for them. Your chances of having to break a sweat. Occasionally, a particular car and try to make some great help here in the theater.
Using the ignition switch and it difficult to find. When searching for vehicle damage at $716, and notified me that offer only collision protection... Reductions from these, you can ask for quotes based on fault. This makes it easy to get. Your car is relatively small, but it has many safety. There have been filed against the insurance company. Basically, an individual uses it. If you have recently purchased a policy such as issuing policies. As such it is there. Some of the repairs on a comprehensive full coverage auto insurance Apex NC agencies.
Not many years ago, got smacked into by a former insurance telemarketer. Do you sort the good news is that a policy that fits your needs and making the right company that does not carry Gap insurance becoming more and more, including offering discounts to college or university students and college degree. Finding the cheapest you should always look at the agent that you've stand upon, but soon you will receive financial compensation. Never sign anything if you are looking for cheap car insurance. "(An auto insurance agent who can definitely benefit from it since it will be the careful with even the period that the deals you can bring down a description of other options available to assist you in order to gain from car insurance will protect the holder) can come up with tens of thousands of dollars every year by just reaching for a car, or souped up" with don't have it, in less than $100 for many people do not realize there exist various kinds of insurance then pick the best approach to save your life. These sites are not ultimately paying more for all sorts of reasons. Some companies charge when you are happy with the insurance company's reliability as well. The discount will vary from state to another.


Due to a lack of encryption in communication with the associated web services, the Seeking Alpha mobile application for Android and iPhone leaks personally identifiable and confidential information, including the username and password to the associated account, lists of user-selected stock ticker symbols and associated positions, and HTTP cookies.
Discovered by Derek Abdine (@dabdine) of Rapid7, Inc., and disclosed in accordance with Rapid7's disclosure policy.
An attacker in a privileged position on the target's network can intercept, view, and modify communications between the Seeking Alpha mobile application and its associated web services trivially, due to the reliance on HTTP cleartext communications, rather than HTTPS. HTTP is used for routine polling for stock ticker symbols the user has configured, which may reveal overly personal financial information about the user that could be used in a targeted attack.
In addition, HTTP is used for the authentication sequence. The user's full e-mail address, password, and HTTP session tokens are transmitted in the clear, as are less critical elements such as the fingerprintable User-Agent (which reveals build and platform information).
Curiously, HTTPS requests to https://seekingalpha.com using a normal browser on a traditional PC or laptop are also redirected to HTTP services, rather than the reverse. This includes the authentication sequence. This observation seems to indicate that the preference for HTTP over HTTPS appears to permeate through the engineering practices at Seeking Alpha.
Until Seeking Alpha provides a fix for the mobile application, users are strongly advised to not use the application while connected to untrusted networks. The use of a VPN will also help alleviate the most likely risk of a nearby eavesdropper on a public network, but note that this would protect communication only as far as the VPN endpoint.
This vulnerability is being disclosed in accordance with Rapid7's disclosure policy.
Tue, May 03, 2016: Initial contact to security@seekingalpha.com and other aliases.
Wed, May 19, 2016: Confidential disclosure to CERT (VR-142).
Wed, Jul 13, 2016: Public disclosure (planned).


Here is something you can do in 2012: use public transportation. It may feel complicated at first to understand routes and schedules, but don't worry (you can ask the drivers if you need it) and hop on. It is very pleasant to be driven around town without stressing out about traffic and inconsiderate drivers, without having to look for a parking spot, and it gives you the perfect excuse to leave work or a boring party at a predetermined time.
I have taken public transportation in all kinds of cities and countries (Paris, Chicago, London, Stuttgart) but also Eau Claire, WI where I currently reside and have never had a problem. I also regularly take my bike on the bus, which is easy as pie. I just had a driver show me how it worked on my first day. I actually enjoy getting to know my bus drivers as well as other frequent passengers. Or you can watch a video tutorial if you prefer to be 100% ready before you get on or if you hate talking to people.
In our neighborhood I can catch three different bus lines (Route 1, Route 7/17, Route8/18), and even Route 5/15 if I go to the edge of the Eastside Hill). I can be downtown within 10 minutes. I can be at the mall within 20 minutes. And from downtown I can pretty much go anywhere I want. Half the busses leave the downtown transfer station at 15 after the hour, and the other half at 45 after the hour. Here is a complete map and list of schedules.
I live on Barland Street and all three of the eastside hill routes are within a block of me. Most eastside hillers can go to the mall and Altoona every hour, and to Mega and downtown every half hour. Easily the best neighborhood for transit in Eau Claire, so I use it almost daily in the winter and bike the rest of the year!


With summer on its way, there's a continuous new stock of beers that have previously never been available in Manitoba. Muskoka Brewery was very easy to find a few years ago, but then disappeared completely from the Manitoban beer shelves, but it has returned! Every few months we see a new beer or two released in Manitoba by the brewery, this time it is Mad Tom IPA and Spring Oddity.
On a warm spring or summer day, a nice citrusy beer is great on the patio. Seeing that good IPAs generally have a generous amount of citrus in it, that's my go-to beer (after witbiers).
Appearance: Pours a hazy golden orange colour, pale beige head, very creamy foam that's not moving at all.
Aroma: Fresh cut alfalfa hay, a nice abundance of hops so it's a bit bitter and a lemony citrus to compliment it all.
Taste: Whew.. my goodness.. this is a BITTER India Pale Ale! This is a hop sandwich and then some. If you love nice and bitter hops, you'll love the flavour. That said, it's not a sweet IPA, very minimal lemon citrus to it. A bit much for even myself... and I absolutely love hops!
Overall Thoughts: INCREDIBLY HOPPY! Lots of bitterness, so much so that I'd call this a Hop beverage. I really enjoy it because I absolutely love a nice hoppy IPA, but to some who want a great balance of sweetness and hops, this will be too much for them. The bitterness of the hops will be lingering on my tongue for hours to come. This is a great patio beer and I wish I had bought more bottles. It is approximately $2.69 before tax and has 6.4% ABV, about average for a good India Pale Ale. Still not AS bitter as Simple Malt Cascade IPA.
From the label: Inspired by late night stories around the fire, Muskoka Mad Tom will instantly grab your attention. Dry-hopped with Chinook and Centennial hops, this IPA has a vibrant aroma, depth of flavour and crisp citrusy undertow like no other. So brace yourself, and crack one open for old Mad Tom.


List of JCI accredited hospitals in India is one of the most sought after queries of people coming to INdia for treatment.
Many Indian academic medical centers and hospitals have achieved the JCI accreditation.
JCI stands for Joint Commission International(JCI).
JCI by partnering with the medical establishments support them moving towards excellence. JCI actively works in collaboration with these medical organizations to maintain their accreditations, keeping up to date with new standards, and offer guidance on the continuous expectation of performance improvement that JCI accreditation promotes.
Below is an updated and complete list of JCI accredited hospitals in India.
Aditya Birla Health Services Ltd.
Which are the best hospitals in India?


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Award-winning chef Marcus Wareing has some big shoes to fill when he steps into the MasterChef kitchen this week.
But Marcus says that replacing Michel Roux Jr on the new series of MasterChef: The Professionals won't be as nerve-wracking as cooking for Michel's father when he was a teenager.
As a young chef making his way in the industry, Marcus worked under Albert Roux at Michellin-starred restaurant La Gavroche, where he received some stern lessons in the art of timekeeping.
"I got a rollicking from Albert once because I was in the kitchen too early!" says Marcus, who'll be joining Monica Galetti in the MasterChef kitchen over the next six weeks.
"He came in at six in the morning and I was preparing for the day ahead and he walked in and started shouting at me! In his mind a well organised chef doesn't need to be in early. I remember it like it was yesterday.
Known as a hard taskmaster in the kitchen, Marcus will be demanding the very best from this year's contestants and he likes to think he'd have done pretty well if MasterChef: The Professionals had been around when he was a young chef.


Yes, Nintendo of America revealed today that the rumors were true! Super Smash Bros. Brawl has been delayed to February 10, 2008. Now Nintendo fans will only be able to enjoy the delights of Super Mario Galaxy this Holiday season… and Metroid Prime 3… and some other random games.


text:
Culture // January 10, 2022 ■ 8 min read
From office-first to remote-first: G2 epitomizes the rise of the asynchronized workplace
Ivy Liu
The tech marketplace G2 is to shoppers of software what TripAdvisor is to travelers, featuring more than 1.5 million peer-to-peer reviews and attracting more than 2,000 regular advertisers, according to the company. It is also part of a growing wave of companies that have adopted an asynchronized work setup — that is, a system where team members don't have to be on the clock at the same time and whose work is not necessarily dependent on others finishing their own tasks first.
It is an arrangement whose time has come with the protracted pandemic, as at-home work has become the norm and as companies stymied by the Great Resignation look to the global talent market to fill open positions.
Chicago-based G2, founded in 2012, is in growth mode, raising $157 million this past summer, making it a bona fide unicorn. (The company said its revenue has grown nearly 50% year over year.) Along the way, it has built a truly global workforce. In the first half of last year alone, it hired 150 new employees from across the U.S. and abroad, including those from the U.K., Ukraine, India and Singapore. It now has more than 400 employees who work from home, go into the Chicago headquarters a few days a week, use flex workspaces, or work from their laptops at Starbucks.
It also has created an asynchronized marketing department, with dual teams operating out of Chicago and Atlanta, where CMO Amanda Malko is based. Meanwhile, G2's own CEO, Godard Abel, has relocated from Chicago to Boulder, Colorado.
All told, the company operates across seven global time zones. Beyond tech tools like Zoom and Google Suite, G2 brings those far-flung employees together via an in-house digital magazine, employee resource groups (ERGs), and even a virtual drag show featuring staff and company brass.
G2 wasn't always set up this way. Before the pandemic, about two-thirds of its global team worked out of its Chicago base. As with many other companies, working from home was virtually unheard of. "We were an office-first company," Abel said.
So many of the challenges that come from this work-from-home era stem from needing to find new and different ways to communicate.
Amanda Malko, CMO, G2
The past two years called for a reinvention in the way business was done — and not just having to do with real estate. "I used to travel on about half of [my] workdays and spend many hours commuting," said Abel. Now, he works from home, where he revels in spending more time with his wife and teenage kids.
CMO Malko said the company has hired more than half its 30-person marketing team in the past year and moved to a remote-first arrangement, with team members located across more than eight states as well as the U.K. and India. Another six people will join the team this month.
Not that building a remote and widely dispersed team hasn't had its challenges. But the staff has learned to collaborate and move quickly, she said. For example, on a big campaign which had to be completed within three weeks across four different time zones, rather than meeting in person the team did all its planning, reviews and feedback asynchronously in shared documents. The team met twice a week for 15 minutes – a model which proved highly efficient, according to Malko.
The department has also developed what Malko calls a "defined cadence" of team gatherings, from a monthly all-hands meeting to regular coffee chats. The team also uses virtual whiteboards to drop in ideas on an asynchronous basis, rather than in-person or virtual brainstorms and meetings no longer set agendas but discuss agendas which have been forwarded to staff ahead in advance, over email.
"So many of the challenges that come from this work-from-home era stem from needing to find new and different ways to communicate," she said. "It's not inherently a bad thing, but it does require intentionality to ensure everyone is aligned and moving in the same direction."
What has been most interesting about building an asynchronous marketing staff has been how quickly individuals have adapted, according to the CMO. "It's amazing what teams are capable of when everyone feels clear on and connected to the mission and works together to find new and better ways to achieve it," she said.
A big part of keeping employees connected have been projects like the in-house magazine and ERGs. Through the magazine, employees can get to know their colleagues better beyond their work lives, as it celebrates events like new babies, weddings, graduations and new homes and recaps social gatherings, ERG events and employees' volunteer and philanthropic work. "Some companies call this the fluffy or soft side of work — we call it the human side of work," said G2's chief people officer Priti Patel.
More than 10 ERGs were active before the pandemic struck and even more have been started since, bringing together people of different backgrounds and interests together from across the company and across the world.
And what about that drag show?
It was held for the first time this past June, organized by G2's LGBTQ+ ERG and coinciding with Pride Month. The global, virtual event raised money for LGBTQ+ charities. "We are already excited for the next one," Patel said, calling the company's ERGs a "shining example of how you can be an influential leader through culture and DEI work."
3 Questions with Cassidy Rouse, Global GM of Peloton Corporate Wellness
While many people have had a much needed holiday break, there are still a lot of challenges we all face going into 2022. What advice would you give to workers in terms of how they continue to prioritize their mental health and well-being?
The rise of workplace burnout, loneliness, and disengagement brought on by the pandemic has shined a new light on the importance of personal health. Rather than "making time" for your regular workout, stretch, or meditation — or simply just a break to unwind — we encourage our people and partners to schedule around your well-being. That means something different for everyone, but that's why we've built our products to fit a wide range of lifestyles, fitness levels, and interests.
Encouragement and support from others helps too, so seek out activities that offer a community connection. If you're a Peloton member, you've likely heard the phrase "together we go far" during one of your classes. It's one of the core values that guides our organization, and it perfectly sums up how a group of individuals working hard towards their goals can ultimately reach an even bigger one.
The staff churn that's arisen with the Great Resignation trend, has led to some people having to absorb more work as employers struggle to fill the gaps – what actions can those employers and employees take to maintain their mental health and wellness under those conditions?
The workplace is changing dramatically, and neither employers nor employees have all the answers on what the future of work will look like. Acknowledging the uncertainty and providing flexibility can go a long way in building trust among our teams. We invest a lot of time reevaluating priorities to ensure our people are focused on meaningful work. We believe deeply in driving efficiency, not volume – particularly during this challenging time.
And finally, leadership must both encourage and model healthy behavior. For example, my team kicks off our weekly meeting with a short meditation or yoga class on the Peloton app, which provides everyone a little break to recharge and clear their head. We also schedule fun team workouts during traditional work hours to set expectations that anytime is a good time to prioritize your personal well-being.
Wellness benefits that companies invest in are often not used by their employees — how should they go about choosing the right scheme for their staff?
In a recent study, 77% of employees have said that new benefits would improve well-being and ease stress. But offering the portfolio of benefits that your organization will actually use is a challenging process. It is important for organizations to remember that employees are not one-size-fits-all, so employers should ensure their offerings are scalable and adaptable. Programs should be accessible across multiple devices and platforms, accommodate people at any point in their physical and mental wellness journeys – from skeptical beginners to experienced health fanatics – and offer a large variety of options that meet their interests. While many know Peloton for its connected fitness equipment, the Peloton app is a core component of our corporate wellness offering, providing access to thousands of live and demand classes such as strength training, stretching, yoga and meditation, with no equipment required. We've been pleased with the results so far, as 89% of our Members say that Peloton has helped them reach their personal fitness goals and 65% are reporting better mental health.
82% of 3,000 respondents said they would potentially quit their job because of a bad manager.
[Source of data: GoodHire Horrible Bosses study.]
88% of 15,000 people surveyed said the meaning of success has changed for them since the pandemic.
[Source of data: oracle AI at Work study.]
42% of 2,200 U.S. adults polled said they would feel comfortable going to a work conference, up from 24% last year.
[Source of data: Morning Consult return to Work study.]
What else we've covered
Since vaccines became readily available last winter, gig workers are advertising their vaccine status to edge out their unvaccinated competition. Plus, they're getting paid more on platforms like UrbanSitters.
Remote working hasn't managed to blunt the growth of gaslighting: Relationships between employees and leaders have deteriorated over the past year, driving the staff turnover spike, and causing a lasting impact on employees and companies.
Imagine a business without a CEO: that's what Digital Autonomous Organizations represent. And they're are expanding beyond crypto into mainstream businesses, promising a new business model that is appealing to those seeking a fairer alternative to top-down hierarchies.
For those still going to the office, the pandemic has inspired them to take a different approach to how they travel to work – a change psychotherapists say have major mental health benefits.