Rosalind Cartwright is one of the leading sleep researchers in the world. Her unofficial title is Queen of Dreams.
In The Twenty-four Hour Mind: The Role of Sleep and Dreaming in Our Emotional Lives, she looks back on the progress of sleep research and reminds us there is much left in the black box of sleep that we have yet to shine light on.
The idea that sleep is good for us, beneficial to both mind and body, lies behind the classic advice from the busy physician: "Take two aspirins and call me in the morning." But the meaning of this message is somewhat ambiguous. Will a night's sleep plus the aspirin be of help no matter what ails us, or does the doctor himself need a night's sleep before he is able to dispense more specific advice? In either case, the presumption is that there is some healing power in sleep for the patient or better insight into the diagnosis for the doctor, and that the overnight delay allows time for one or both of these natural processes to take place. Sometimes this happens, but unfortunately sometimes it does not. Sometimes it is sleep itself that is the problem.
We do not always use our highest mental abilities, but instead run on what we could call "automatic pilot"; once learned, many of our daily cognitive behaviors are directed by habit, those already-formed points of view, attitudes, and schemas that in part make us who we are. The formation of these habits frees us to use our highest mental processes for those special instances when a prepared response will not do, when circumstances change and attention must be paid, choices made or a new response developed. The result is that much of our baseline thoughts and behavior operate unconsciously.
When emotions evoked by a waking experience are strong, or more often were under-attended at the time they occurred, they may not be fully resolved by nighttime. In other words, it may take us a while to come to terms with strong or neglected emotions. If, during the day, some event challenges a basic, habitual way in which we think about ourselves (such as the comment from a friend, "Aren't you putting on weight?") it may be a threat to our self-concepts. It will probably be brushed off at the time, but that question, along with its emotional baggage, will be carried forward in our minds into sleep. Nowadays, researchers do not stop our investigations at the border of sleep but continue to trace mental activity from the beginning of sleep on into dreaming. All day, the conscious mind goes about its work planning, remembering, and choosing, or just keeping the shop running as usual. On balance, we humans are more action oriented by day. We stay busy doing, but in the inaction of sleep we turn inward to review and evaluate the implications of our day, and the input of those new perceptions, learnings, and—most important—emotions about what we have experienced.
What we experience as a dream is the result of our brain's effort to match recent, emotion-evoking events to other similar experiences already stored in long-term memory. One purpose of this sleep-related matching process, this putting of similar memory experiences together, is to defuse the impact of those feelings that might otherwise linger and disrupt our moods and behaviors the next day. The various ways in which this extraordinary mind of ours works—the top-level rational thinking and executive deciding functions, the middle management of routine habits of thought, and the emotional relating and updating of the organized schemas of our self-concept—are not isolated from each other. They interact. The emotional aspect, which is often not consciously recognized, drives the not-conscious mental activity of sleep.
I propose that when some disturbing waking experience is reactivated in sleep and carried forward into REM, where it is matched by similarity in feeling to earlier memories, a network of older associations is stimulated and is displayed as a sequence of compound images that we experience as dreams. This melding of new and old memory fragments modifies the network of emotional self-defining memories, and thus updates the organizational picture we hold of "who I am and what is good for me and what is not." In this way, dreaming diffuses the emotional charge of the event and so prepares the sleeper to wake ready to see things in a more positive light, to make a fresh start. This does not always happen over a single night; sometimes a big reorganization of the emotional perspective of our self-concept must be made—from wife to widow or married to single, say, and this may take many nights. We must look for dream changes within the night and over time across nights to detect whether a productive change is under way. In very broad strokes, this is the definition of the mood-regulatory function of dreaming, one basic to the new model of the twenty-four hour mind I am proposing.
In another fascinating part of her research, Cartwright outlines the role of sleep in skill enhancement. In short, "sleeping on it" is wise advice.
Think back to "take two aspirins and call me in the morning." Want to improve your golf stroke? Concentrate on it before sleeping. An interval of sleep has been proven to bestow a real benefit for both laboratory animals and humans when they are tested on many different types of newly learned tasks. You will remember more items or make fewer mistakes if you have had a period of sleep between learning something new and the test of your ability to recall it later than you would if you spent the same amount of time awake.
Most researchers agree "with the overall conclusion that one of the ways sleep works is by enhancing the memory of important bits of new information and clearing out unnecessary or competing bits, and then passing the good bits on to be integrated into existing memory circuits." This happens in two steps.
The first is in early NREM sleep when the brain circuits that were active while we were learning something new, a motor skill, say, or a new language, are reactivated and stay active until REM sleep occurs. In REM sleep, these new bits of information are then matched to older related memories already stored in long-term memory networks. This causes the new learning to stick (to be consolidated) and to remain accessible for when we need it later in waking.
As for the effect of alcohol has before sleep, Carlyle Smith, a Canadian Psychologist, found that it reduces memory formation, "reducing the number of rapid eye movements" in REM sleep. The eye movements, similar to the ones we make while reading, are how we do scanning of visual information.
If the mind is truly working continuously, during all 24 hours of the day, it is not in its conscious mode during the time spent asleep. That time belongs to the unconscious. In waking, the two types of cognition, conscious and unconscious, are working sometimes in parallel, but also often interacting. They may alternate, depending on our focus of attention and the presence of an explicit goal. If we get bored or sleepy, we can slip into a third mode of thought, daydreaming. These thoughts can be recalled when we return to conscious thinking, which is not generally true of unconscious cognition unless we are caught in the act in the sleep lab. This third in-between state is variously called the preconscious or subconscious, and has been studied in a few investigations of what is going on in the mind during the transition before sleep onset.
Toward the end, Cartwright explores the role of sleep.
[I]n good sleepers, the mind is continuously active, reviewing experience from yesterday, sorting which new information is relevant and important to save due to its emotional saliency. Dreams are not without sense, nor are they best understood to be expressions of infantile wishes. They are the result of the interconnectedness of new experience with that already stored in memory networks. But memory is never a precise duplicate of the original; instead, it is a continuing act of creation. Dream images are the product of that creation. They are formed by pattern recognition between some current emotionally valued experience matching the condensed representation of similarly toned memories. Networks of these become our familiar style of thinking, which gives our behavior continuity and us a coherent sense of who we are. Thus, dream dimensions are elements of the schemas, and both represent accumulated experience and serve to filter and evaluate the new day's input.
Sleep is a busy time, interweaving streams of thought with emotional values attached, as they fit or challenge the organizational structure that represents our identity. One function of all this action, I believe, is to regulate disturbing emotion in order to keep it from disrupting our sleep and subsequent waking functioning. In this book, I have offered some tests of that hypothesis by considering what happens to this process of down-regulation within the night when sleep is disordered in various ways.
Cartwright develops several themes throughout The Twenty-four Hour Mind. First is that the mind is continuously active. Second is the role of emotion in "carrying out the collaboration of the waking and sleeping mind." This includes exploring whether the sleeping mind "contributes to resolving emotional turmoil stirred up by some real anxiety inducing circumstance." Third is how sleeping contributes to how new learning is retained. Accumulated experiences serve to filter and evaluate the new day's input.
Richard Dawkins has one of the best-selling books of all time for a serious piece of scientific writing.
Often labeled "pop science", The Selfish Gene pulls together the "gene-centered" view of evolution: It is not really individuals being selected for in the competition for life, but their genes. The individual bodies (phenotypes) are simply carrying out the instructions of the genes. This leads most people to a very "competition focused" view of life. But is that all?
More than 100 years before The Selfish Gene, Charles Darwin had famously outlined his Theory of Natural Selection in The Origin of Species.
We're all hopefully familiar with this concept: Species evolve over long periods time through a process of heredity, variation, competition, and differential survival.
The mechanism of heredity was invisible to Darwin, but a series of scientists, not without a little argument, had figured it out by the 1970's: Strands of the protein DNA ("genes") encoded instructions for the building of physical structures. These genes were passed on to offspring in a particular way – the process of heredity. Advantageous genes were propagated in greater numbers. Disadvantageous genes, vice versa.
This take of the evolutionary process became influential because of the range of hard-to-explain behavior that it illuminated.
Why do we see more altruistic behavior among family members? Because they are closely related, and share more genes!
Many problems seemed to be solved here, and the Selfish Gene model became one for all-time, worth having in your head.
However, buried in the logic of the gene-centered view of evolution is a statistical argument. Gene variants rapidly grow in proportion to the rest of the gene pool because they provide survival advantages in the average environment that the gene will experience over its existence. Thus, advantageous genes "selfishly" dominate their environment before long. It's all about gene competition.
This has led many people, some biologists especially, to view evolution solely through the lens of competition. Unsurprisingly, this also led to some false paradigms about a strictly "dog eat dog" world where unrestricted and ruthless individual competition is deemed "natural".
The complex systems researcher Yaneer Bar-Yam argues that not only is the Selfish Gene a limiting concept biologically and possibly wrong mathematically (too complex to address here, but if you want to read about it, check out these pieces), but that there are more nuanced ways to understand the way competition and cooperation comfortably coexist. Not only that, but Bar-Yam argues that this has implications for optimal team formation.
In his book Making Things Work, Bar-Yam lays out a basic message: Even in the biological world, competition is a limited lens through which to see evolution. There's always a counterbalance of cooperation.
Counter to the traditional perspective, the basic message of this and the following chapter is that competition and cooperation always coexist. People see them as opposing and incompatible forces. I think that this is a result of an outdated and one-sided understanding of evolution…This is extremely useful in describing nature and society; the basic insight that "what works, works" still holds. It turns out, however, that what works is a combination of competition and cooperation.
In general, when we think about the conflict between cooperation and completion in team sports, we tend to think about the relationships between the players on a team. We care deeply about their willingness to cooperate and we distinguish cooperative "team players" from selfish non-team players, complaining about the latter even when their individual skill is formidable.
The reason we want players to cooperate is so that they can compete better as a team. Cooperation at the level of the individual enables effective competition at the level of the group, and conversely, the competition between teams motivates cooperation between players. There is a constructive relationship between cooperation and competition when they operate at different levels of organization.
The interplay between levels is a kind of evolutionary process where competition at the team level improves the cooperation between players. Just as in biological evolution, in organized team sports there is a process of selection of winners through competition of teams. Over time, the teams will change how they behave; the less successful teams will emulate strategies of teams that are doing well.
At every level then, there is an interplay between cooperation and competition. Players compete for playing time, and yet must be intensively cooperative on the court to compete with other teams. At the next level up, teams compete with each other for victories, and yet must cooperate intensively to sustain a league at all.
They create agreed upon rules, schedule times to play, negotiate television contracts, and so on. This allows the league itself to compete with other leagues for scarce attention from sports fans. And so on, up and down the ladder.
Competition among players, teams, and leagues is certainly a crucial dynamic. But it isn't all that's going on: They're cooperating intensely at every level, because a group of selfish individuals loses to a group of cooperative ones.
And it is the same among biological species. Genes are competing with each other, as are individuals, tribes, and species. Yet at every level, they are also cooperating. The success of the human species is clearly due to its ability to cooperate in large numbers; and yet any student of war can attest to its deadly competitive nature. Similar dynamics are at play with ants, rats, and chimpanzees, among other species of insect and animal. It's a yin and yang world.
Bar-Yam thinks this has great implications for how to build successful teams.
Teams will improve naturally – in any organization – when they are involved in a competition that is structured to select those teams that are better at cooperation. Winners of a competition become successful models of behavior for less successful teams, who emulate their success by learning their strategies and by selecting and trading team members.
For a business, a society, or any other complex system made up of many individuals, this means that improvement will come when the system's structure involves a completion that rewards successful groups. The idea here is not a cutthroat competition of teams (or individuals) but a competition with rules that incorporate some cooperative activity with a mutual goal.
The dictum that "politics is the art of marshaling hatreds" would seem to reflect this notion: A non-violent way for competition of cooperative groups for dominance. As would the incentive systems of majorly successful corporations like Nucor and the best hospital systems, like the Mayo Clinic. Even modern business books are picking up on it.
Individual competition is important and drives excellence. Yet, as Bar-Yam points out, it's ultimately not a complete formula. Having teams compete is more effective: You need to harness competition and cooperation at every level. You want groups pulling together, creating emerging effects where the whole is greater than the sum of the parts (a recurrent theme throughout nature).
You should read his book for more details on both this idea and the concept of complex systems in general. Bar-Yam also elaborated on his sports analogy in a white-paper here. If you're interested in complex systems, check out this post on frozen accidents. Also, for more on creating better groups, check out how Steve Jobs did it.
John Brockman's online scientific roundtable Edge.org does something fantastic every year: It asks all of its contributors (hundreds of them) to answer one meaningful question. Questions like What Have You Changed Your Mind About? and What is Your Dangerous Idea?
This year's was particularly awesome for our purposes: What Scientific Term or Concept Ought To Be More Known?
The answers give us a window into over 200 brilliant minds, with the simple filtering mechanism that there's something they know that we should probably know, too. We wanted to highlight a few of our favorites for you.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that in an isolated system (one that is not taking in energy), entropy never decreases. (The First Law is that energy is conserved; the Third, that a temperature of absolute zero is unreachable.) Closed systems inexorably become less structured, less organized, less able to accomplish interesting and useful outcomes, until they slide into an equilibrium of gray, tepid, homogeneous monotony and stay there.
In its original formulation the Second Law referred to the process in which usable energy in the form of a difference in temperature between two bodies is dissipated as heat flows from the warmer to the cooler body. Once it was appreciated that heat is not an invisible fluid but the motion of molecules, a more general, statistical version of the Second Law took shape. Now order could be characterized in terms of the set of all microscopically distinct states of a system: Of all these states, the ones that we find useful make up a tiny sliver of the possibilities, while the disorderly or useless states make up the vast majority. It follows that any perturbation of the system, whether it is a random jiggling of its parts or a whack from the outside, will, by the laws of probability, nudge the system toward disorder or uselessness. If you walk away from a sand castle, it won't be there tomorrow, because as the wind, waves, seagulls, and small children push the grains of sand around, they're more likely to arrange them into one of the vast number of configurations that don't look like a castle than into the tiny few that do.
Richard Nisbett (a social psychologist) has a great one — a concept we've hit on before but is totally underappreciated by most people: The Fundamental Attribution Error.
Modern scientific psychology insists that explanation of the behavior of humans always requires reference to the situation the person is in. The failure to do so sufficiently is known as the Fundamental Attribution Error. In Milgram's famous obedience experiment, two-thirds of his subjects proved willing to deliver a great deal of electric shock to a pleasant-faced middle-aged man, well beyond the point where he became silent after begging them to stop on account of his heart condition. When I teach about this experiment to undergraduates, I'm quite sure I've never convinced a single one that their best friend might have delivered that amount of shock to the kindly gentleman, let alone that they themselves might have done so. They are protected by their armor of virtue from such wicked behavior. No amount of explanation about the power of the unique situation into which Milgram's subject was placed is sufficient to convince them that their armor could have been breached.
My students, and everyone else in Western society, are confident that people behave honestly because they have the virtue of honesty, conscientiously because they have the virtue of conscientiousness. (In general, non-Westerners are less susceptible to the fundamental attribution error, lacking as they do sufficient knowledge of Aristotle!) People are believed to behave in an open and friendly way because they have the trait of extroversion, in an aggressive way because they have the trait of hostility. When they observe a single instance of honest or extroverted behavior they are confident that, in a different situation, the person would behave in a similarly honest or extroverted way.
In actual fact, when large numbers of people are observed in a wide range of situations, the correlation for trait-related behavior runs about .20 or less. People think the correlation is around .80. In reality, seeing Carlos behave more honestly than Bill in a given situation increases the likelihood that he will behave more honestly in another situation from the chance level of 50 percent to the vicinity of 55-57. People think that if Carlos behaves more honestly than Bill in one situation the likelihood that he will behave more honestly than Bill in another situation is 80 percent!
How could we be so hopelessly miscalibrated? There are many reasons, but one of the most important is that we don't normally get trait-related information in a form that facilitates comparison and calculation. I observe Carlos in one situation when he might display honesty or the lack of it, and then not in another for perhaps a few weeks or months. I observe Bill in a different situation tapping honesty and then not another for many months.
This implies that if people received behavioral data in such a form that many people are observed over the same time course in a given fixed situation, our calibration might be better. And indeed it is. People are quite well calibrated for abilities of various kinds, especially sports. The likelihood that Bill will score more points than Carlos in one basketball game given that he did in another is about 67 percent—and people think it's about 67 percent.
Our susceptibility to the fundamental attribution error—overestimating the role of traits and underestimating the importance of situations—has implications for everything from how to select employees to how to teach moral behavior.
In physics we say a system is in a critical state when it is ripe for a phase transition. Consider water turning into ice, or a cloud that is pregnant with rain. Both of these are examples of physical systems in a critical state.
Did Rosa Parks start the civil rights movement? Or was the movement already running in the minds of those who had been promised equality and were instead handed discrimination? Was the collapse of Lehman Brothers an essential trigger for the Great Recession? Or was the financial system so critical that any disturbance could have made the trick?
As humans, we love individual narratives. We evolved to learn from stories and communicate almost exclusively in terms of them. But as Richard Feynman said repeatedly: The imagination of nature is often larger than that of man. So, maybe our obsession with individual narratives is nothing but a reflection of our limited imagination. Going forward we need to remember that systems often make individuals irrelevant. Just like none of your cells can claim to control your body, society also works in systemic ways.
So, the next time the house of cards collapses, remember to focus on why we were building a house of cards in the first place, instead of focusing on whether the last card was the queen of diamonds or a two of clubs.
The psychologist Adam Alter has another good one on a concept we all naturally miss from time to time, due to the structure of our mind. The Law of Small Numbers.
That same month, German commanders made a similar mistake. Anticipating the raid later known as D-Day, they assumed the Allies would attack—but they weren't sure precisely when. Combing old military records, a weather expert named Karl Sonntag noticed that the Allies had never launched a major attack when there was even a small chance of bad weather. Late May and much of June were forecast to be cloudy and rainy, which "acted like a tranquilizer all along the chain of German command," according to Irish journalist Cornelius Ryan. "The various headquarters were quite confident that there would be no attack in the immediate future. . . . In each case conditions had varied, but meteorologists had noted that the Allies had never attempted a landing unless the prospects of favorable weather were almost certain." The German command was mistaken, and on Tuesday, June 6, the Allied forces launched a devastating attack amidst strong winds and rain.
The British and German forces erred because they had taken a small sample of data too seriously: The British forces had mistaken the natural clustering that comes from relatively small samples of random data for a useful signal, while the German forces had mistaken an illusory pattern from a limited set of data for evidence of an ongoing, stable military policy. To illustrate their error, imagine a fair coin tossed three times. You'll have a one-in-four chance of turning up a string of three heads or tails, which, if you make too much of that small sample, might lead you to conclude that the coin is biased to reveal one particular outcome all or almost all of the time. If you continue to toss the fair coin, say, a thousand times, you're far more likely to turn up a distribution that approaches five hundred heads and five hundred tails. As the sample grows, your chance of turning up an unbroken string shrinks rapidly (to roughly one-in-sixteen after five tosses; one-in-five-hundred after ten tosses; and one-in-five-hundred-thousand after twenty tosses). A string is far better evidence of bias after twenty tosses than it is after three tosses—but if you succumb to the law of small numbers, you might draw sweeping conclusions from even tiny samples of data, just as the British and Germans did about their opponents' tactics in World War II.
Of course, the law of small numbers applies to more than military tactics. It explains the rise of stereotypes (concluding that all people with a particular trait behave the same way); the dangers of relying on a single interview when deciding among job or college applicants (concluding that interview performance is a reliable guide to job or college performance at large); and the tendency to see short-term patterns in financial stock charts when in fact short-term stock movements almost never follow predictable patterns. The solution is to pay attention not just to the pattern of data, but also to how much data you have. Small samples aren't just limited in value; they can be counterproductive because the stories they tell are often misleading.
There are many, many more worth reading. Here's a great chance to build your multidisciplinary skill-set.


PINE TREE CANDLE COMPANY is nestled in the pines of rural Maine.
Pine Tree Candle Company is a family owned business since 2000 producing highly scented candles. We specialize in clam shell wax melts, votives and container candles using soy and paraffin wax. We use only lead free wicks and we hand pour into only quality containers. We stand behind our products with a 100% satisfaction guarantee.
Our candles are highly recognized for their strong scent and long burn times. Our candles hold their scent throughout the whole burn giving you many hours of enjoyable aroma.


I suffer from depression and my doctor has recommended the use of an SSRI, which I believe is a new form of antidepressant. I've done a bit of research on them and it seems that the side effects can almost be the same, if not worse than living with depression. Is there really a point in taking the drugs? What are the major benefits in taking the drugs?
SSRIs can have side effects and it is quite routine for doctors to spend some time discussing them when prescribing an SSRI for the first time. The commonest side effects reported with SSRIs include sweating, tremor, dizziness, sleep disturbance, constipation, decreased appetite and sexual dysfunction. The product information leaflet accompanying the drug lists additional possibilities, which are less commonly seen. It is important to keep the issue of side effects in perspective. The fact that the possibility of side effects exists does not mean that it is inevitable that they will occur. Some people do experience sweating with SSRIs but many others do not share that experience. I have found that if a patient is advised of the possibility of particular side effects and that such effects are short lived that person is likely to take the drug in good faith. They also do so in the knowledge that if such effects are unacceptable that they can return and have the drug dosage modified or perhaps change to a different antidepressant. I would not concur with your conclusion that the side effects are the same if not worse than actually taking the medication. The major benefits of taking SSRIs are that the improvement in mood with these drugs is of quicker onset than with the older antidepressants. Their side effect profile is also better than the older drugs. I am very comfortable with prescribing such medication and have the personal testimony of many patients who were very grateful for the benefits they obtained from taking them. The risk of side effects has to be weighed in the balance against the benefits of treatment.


text:
FDA Actions
Regulatory (INTL)
INDEPENDENT REPS
For MANUFACTURERS:
Find Reps NOW
Post Your Rep Opportunity
Not sure? Let us help!
For REPS and DISTRIBUTORS:
Not in FindReps? Contact us!
ISR REGISTRY:
Independent Sales Reps - USA
Join HSMN
Independent Sales Reps & Distributors
The Network Bulletin Board
Getting Started in Medical Sales
FindReps®
HS&M Magazine
INDUSTRY LINKS:
Medical Device Companies
Biopharmaceutical Companies
PASSWORD REQUIRED:
Company Links Listing (Manufacturers)
Products & Services Listing (Vendors)
Something else? - Contact Us
About HSMN
Healthcare Industry News: Endo International
Biopharmaceuticals Mergers & Acquisitions
News Release - April 29, 2014
Endo to Acquire Specialty Pharmaceuticals Company Somar
DUBLIN, April 29, 2014 -- (Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network) -- Endo International plc (ENDP) (ENL.TO) today announced it has entered into a definitive agreement under which Endo will acquire Grupo Farmaceutico Somar ("Somar"), a leading privately-owned specialty pharmaceuticals company based in Mexico City, Mexico, for cash consideration. Endo expects the transaction to be immediately accretive to adjusted earnings per share.
"The acquisition of Somar is well-aligned with our goal of pursuing accretive acquisitions that enhance Endo's strategic positioning and diversifying our pharmaceutical business beyond the U.S. by accessing attractive emerging markets" said Rajiv De Silva, president and CEO of Endo. "The transaction provides Endo with a strong growth platform in Mexico that we believe can be further leveraged more broadly in Latin America, a proven sales team, and scalable manufacturing facilities. This acquisition allows us to fully benefit from the starting point that Paladin Labs established in Mexico. We look forward to leveraging Endo's global resources to take full advantage of Somar's robust pipeline, which currently includes over 60 products expected to launch over the next 3 years."
Jose Miguel Ramos R., chief executive officer of Somar, stated, "We are excited about the combination with Endo, joining a best-in-class global organization with access to valuable resources that will help us realize the full potential of our opportunities across branded, generic, and OTC pharmaceuticals in Mexico and Latin America more broadly. Our team is dedicated to developing and marketing new and effective treatments that improve patients' lives. I am confident that Endo's commitment to building sustainable businesses will be invaluable as we continue forward with our mission."
Somar is a leading pharmaceutical company focused on the development, manufacturing, marketing and commercialization of high-quality products across all key market segments in Mexico. Its portfolio targets Mexico's non-patented pharmaceutical market through 3 primary segments: Generics (private label and traditional generics, as well as products for government tender), Branded generics (dermatology and infectious disease platforms), and OTC (women's health and child care products). The Company generated approximately $100 million of revenue in 2013 and has approximately 1,200 employees.
The transaction is subject to customary conditions, including the receipt of applicable antitrust/competition approvals. It is expected to close in the third quarter of 2014.
Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Creel, Garcia-Cuellar, Aiza y Enriquez, S.C. acted as advisors to Endo. Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.and Galicia Abogados, S.C.acted as advisors to Somar.
About Endo International plc
Endo International plc is a global specialty healthcare company focused on improving patients' lives while creating shareholder value. Endo develops, manufactures, markets, and distributes quality branded pharmaceutical, generic and device products through its operating companies. Endo has global headquarters in Dublin, Ireland, and US headquarters in Malvern, PA. Learn more at www.endo.com.
This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Statements including words such as "believes," "expects," "anticipates," "intends," "estimates," "plan," "will," "may," "look forward," "intend," "guidance," "future" or similar expressions are forward-looking statements. Because these statements reflect our current views, expectations and beliefs concerning future events, these forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Investors should note that many factors, as more fully described under the caption "Risk Factors" in our Form 10-K, Form 10-Q and Form 8-K filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission and as otherwise enumerated herein or therein, could affect our future financial results and could cause our actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K. The forward-looking statements in this press release are qualified by these risk factors. These are factors that, individually or in the aggregate, could cause our actual results to differ materially from expected and historical results. We assume no obligation to publicly update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future developments or otherwise.
Source: Endo International
Issuer of this News Release is solely responsible for its content.
Please address inquiries directly to the issuing company.
Search: Endo International
Search: Grupo Farmaceutico Somar
Related News Items
Endo Aesthetics Launches New Campaign Elevating Artistry Through Scientific Innovation
Nevakar Enters into $17.5 Million Product Financing Agreement with H.I.G. Capital Partners for Continued Development of Injectable Products
Endo Announces Successful Culmination of Litigation Regarding FDA Compounding Policy
Healthcare Industry NewsFeed
Find Reps NOW!
Not in FindReps?
Copyright 1998-2020 The Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network. All rights reserved.
The Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network® and FindReps® are registered trademarks of The Healthcare Sales & Marketing Network LLC.
NewLines and RepCoin are trademarks of FindReps LLC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Trading account is one of the financial statements prepared by the company and shows the result of buying and selling of goods and services during an accounting period. Trading account is prepared to ascertain the gross profit or gross loss made by the company during the accounting period.
Profit and loss account is one of the financial statements prepared by the company and shows the financial performance of company during an accounting period. Profit and loss account is prepared to ascertain the net profit or net loss made by the company during the accounting period. Profit and loss account is also called as income statement.
Trading and profit and loss account are generally prepared together and not separately. There are two formats by which trading and profit and loss account can be prepared.
Balance sheet is one of the financial statements prepared by the company and shows the financial position of company at a particular time. Balance sheet is prepared to ascertain the position of assets and liabilities of the company at a particular time.
There are two formats by which balance sheet can be prepared.
Below is the Trading and profit and loss account and balance sheet which is prepared from the trial balance example in the Trial balance topic. You can refer to it if you want to.
Accounting adjustments are those transactions of a company's business that are recorded at the end of the accounting period. The journal entries for such transactions are passed at the end of the accounting period and are called as adjusting entries. Adjusting entries are required to be passed under the accrual basis of accounting to allocate the income and expenses to the period in which they actually occur and to recognize the revenues and associated costs in the same accounting period.
Additional information provided after the trial balance is treated as adjustments and required adjusting entries are passed. Each adjusting entry has two effects and is shown twice in the final accounts- once in the trading and profit and loss account and once in the balance sheet.
First effect- shown on the debit side of profit and loss account as a separate item.
Second effect- shown on the assets side of balance sheet by way of deduction from the value of respective asset.
If depreciation also appears in trial balance, then it would be shown only on the debit side of profit and loss account and not on the balance sheet. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
First effect- shown on the credit side of trading account as a separate item.
Second effect- shown on the assets side of balance sheet as a current asset.
If closing stock also appears in trial balance, then it would be shown only on the assets side of balance sheet and not on the trading account. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
First effect- deducted from the respective expenses on the debit side of trading account or profit and loss account.
If prepaid expenses also appear in trial balance, then they would be shown only on the assets side of balance sheet and not on the trading account or profit and loss account. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
First effect- added to the respective expenses on the debit side of trading account or profit and loss account.
Second effect- shown on the liabilities side of balance sheet as a current liability.
If outstanding expenses also appear in trial balance, then they would be shown only on the liabilities side of balance sheet and not on the trading account or profit and loss account. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
First effect- deducted from the respective income on the credit side of profit and loss account.
If unaccrued income also appears in trial balance, then it would be shown only on the liabilities side of balance sheet and not on the profit and loss account. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
First effect- added to the respective income on the credit side of profit and loss account.
If accrued income also appears in trial balance, then it would be shown only on the assets side of balance sheet and not on the profit and loss account. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
Second effect- shown on the assets side of balance sheet by way of deduction from the debtors.
If bad debts also appear in trial balance, then they would be shown only on the debit side of profit and loss account as additional bad debts and added to the existing bad debts in trial balance. They would not be shown on the balance sheet. No adjusting entry is required to be passed.
Second effect- shown on the assets side of balance sheet by way of deduction from the debtors after the deduction of bad debts, if any.
Second effect- shown on the assets side of balance sheet by way of deduction from the debtors after the deduction of bad debts and provision for doubtful debts, if any.
First effect- shown on the credit side of profit and loss account as a separate item.
Second item- shown on the liabilities side of balance sheet by way of deduction from the creditors.
First effect- total value of loss whether recovered or not is shown on the credit side of trading account and total value of loss not recovered from the insurance company is shown on the debit side of profit and loss account.
Second effect- if any amount is due from the insurance company, it is shown on the assets side of balance sheet as a current asset.
First effect- shown on the credit side of trading account.
Second effect- shown on the liabilities side of balance sheet by way of addition to capital.
Second effect- shown on the liabilities side of balance sheet by way of deduction from capital.
separately for sole trading concern and company. it may be noted that in this format b/s format is given for company where are revenue a.c is given for a single proprietor.
There is no standard format of balance sheet or P & L account for sole proprietorship business. Both balance sheet format as well as P & L account format given above are for a company and not for sole proprietor.
I'm assuming by revenue a/c u mean to say P & L account.
I did not get your question. What do you mean by the software of complete account text book?
It is useful and helpful.
I found this very important for my accounting studies.Thanks a lot.
i like this its very useful.
There can be many formats of preparing the financial statements but the two formats which are given here are the most commonly used. Most companies prepare their financial statements in the vertical format.
Thank you very much indeed, it is really appreciate whoever post this, it is very helpfull to me, its guide me alot thank u very much again.
It is very much simple and useful…..
it's very useful for guidance.
Thank you that was very useful Information. It really helped me doing my coursework. You saved my life. I love you and thanks a lot.
very useful for increase knowledge .
Thank you so much …very nice information.
Very usefull information, as well as easy to understand.
but the formate has 1 mistake nd also not given all account which are to be entry.
What is the mistake in format and which are the accounts not given? can u explain in detail?
what you mean by cartage,octroi, freight, import duty?
Its very usefull. Tanq sir..
Sir What are the meaning of SEBI,Financial Accounting,And NABARD.
It's already mentioned on the site.
which items came in trading a/c??????????
is demurrage came in trading a/c???????????
This is really very helpful stuff, Even a simple non professional man can easily understand.
Thanks for the help. Its good for me, I have benefited!
Profit and loss appropriation a/c is prepared mostly for partnership firms.
Plz sent to me cash flow statement in arabic country like qatar.
What is debtors ? And which side put journals entery . In p&l a/c.
ok good and great ….
It is already covered in the Journal and Ledger topic.
Thanks for your helpful mind. Its very easy to understand & useful.


Pakistan faced a severe petrol shortage during most of January. This was largely due to one of the conditionalities of the US$ 7.3 billion IMF loan agreement signed in July 2013 when the country's foreign exchange reserves had dwindled to US$ 6 billion, which was not enough to meet even a six-week import bill. The shortage had hit the most populated province of Pakistan, the Punjab, and the country's capital, Islamabad. And as the panic spread, speculative shortages also led to long queues at Karachi petrol pumps for a couple of days.
Under the IMF loan agreement, the government had promised the Fund that it would bring up the foreign exchange reserves (FERs) level to 'x' amount by 'y' date of 'z' year. And late last year, caught between the choice of meeting the urgent foreign exchange demands of a public sector petrol and furnace oil-importing entity and at the same time showing to the IMF that FERs were being maintained at the agreed level on the agreed date, the government felt compelled to ignore the first choice, setting off, in the process, a chain of events culminating in petrol pumps in the Punjab and Islamabad going dry for nearly four weeks.
Ironically, it was not the oil prices that had rendered it impossible to meet the import bill because the prices were already collapsing. It was, in fact, the circular debt that had made it impossible for Pakistan State Oil (PSO) to remain in business without a quick bailout by the Finance Ministry. But the ministry was unable to oblige because its FERs were hovering just around the ceiling imposed by the Fund.
The state-run PSO has a 49 per cent share of the country's gasoline marketing business, ahead of major multinational players like Shell Pakistan and Caltex Pakistan. PSO has been importing 220,000 tonnes of petrol every month mainly because the monthly production capacity of the country's refineries had remained at around 80,000 tonnes.
Earlier, on December 30, 2014, the former managing director of PSO, Amjad Pervez Janjua, in a letter to the secretary, Ministry of Water and Power said that "PSO's power sector receivables stood at Rs 198 billion, while PSO incurred penalties of approximately Rs 250 million (for the period October 2014 to December 2014) on account of delayed payments of Rs 50 billion to banks, US$ 1.8 million as demurrages (from July 2014 to November 2014) and suppliers' claims of about US$ 6.4 million for damages due to delay in the nomination of vessel and in the opening of Letters of Credit (LCs). However, in view of the situation described above, it cannot continue to do so and will have to stop further supplies of furnace oil to the power sector unless its above liabilities are discharged and its dues are cleared," the letter said.
The managing director also said, "In view of the above situation, PSO is not able to open further LCs as its credit limits stands exhausted and LC lines of Rs 110 billion are blocked. PSO is therefore left with no option but to freeze its business with the power sector once the current supplies have been exhausted." Moreover, all orders of furnace oil from PSO in the international oil market had been, in the meanwhile, cancelled.
The dramatic fall in global oil prices, which led to a monthly downward revision in domestic prices, acted like a giant tax cut to the consumers and they took advantage of the low prices by spending more. Oil prices have fallen by more than 50 per cent since last June.
Meanwhile, tankers carrying fuel had missed their schedule, while weather conditions in the Punjab had adversely affected supplies. In spite of that, the countrywide buying of motor gasoline noticeably grew by 32 per cent, year on year, to 399,000 tonnes in January 2015. The demand for petrol, which was recorded at 12,300 tonnes/day in December 2014, surged to 15,500 tonnes/day in January 2015, settling at 16,500 tonnes/day in February. However, no oil consignments had arrived at any port in Pakistan in the first two weeks of January. During a normal fortnight, six to eight ships, each carrying 65,000 tonnes of oil, arrive in the country.
A review meeting attended by Oil Marketing Companies (OMCs) ministry officials and other stakeholders held at the beginning of every month mulls over the estimated demand and the import requirement. And it is based on these numbers, that the supplies are managed. The ministry allows OMCs to keep a 10 to 12-day supply cover. In case of a crisis or emergency, the instant reaction should be to deal with it instead of passing the buck. The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority (OGRA) also closely monitors the reserves and issues timely alerts.
Anticipating the crisis, the OMCs had reduced the supply of petrol to 50 per cen t to the dealers, while the stock of furnace oil in the country dried up by January 13. Of course, the fall in domestic gasoline prices on January 1 had prompted a couple of million CNG-fitted vehicles to switch over to petrol, pushing up the demand at a time when supplies were dwindling. Meanwhile, it also transpired that many of the new OMCs did not have any storage facilities and were being catered to by the big fish like Shell and Caltex, who had stopped buying in a falling market. Meanwhile, one of the refineries chugged to a halt due to a technical fault.
The Finance Ministry knew what was happening and what lay ahead, but it kept playing the ostrich deliberately. All that it was interested in doing was to divert the public's attention and pass the buck to someone else. And the easiest fall guy was the petroleum ministry. Intriguingly, the Minister for Petroleum, Shahid Khaqan Abbasi, took the rap seemingly willingly, apologising to the nation for causing so much inconvenience to the public at large.
The main culprit, apart from the finance ministry, was the ministry for water and power. Khawaja Asif should have been held responsible for not doing what he should have done by now, like replacing the old transmission lines with new ones to stop the massive leaks, amounting to as much as 30 per cent of power through transmission cables that are as old as Pakistan itself, and also for not ensuring that government departments paid their electricity bills. Furnace oil accounts for almost half of our fuel import bill. A third of all our electricity is generated by burning furnace oil. If 30 per cent of the power produced by the costly furnace oil is leaked, 20 per cent is pilfered, and unpaid bills account for another 20 per cent, there is no way one can ever resolve the circular debt crisis.
The entire problem is the result of a financial liquidity crisis in the state-owned PSO. The government is trying to pin the blame on other factors but mounting evidence indicates that the crisis is financial in nature. The federal finance minister and the federal minister for water and power should have been made accountable for the crisis. The government's knee-jerk move to expel a number of key officials on the pretext that they were responsible for the gasoline shortage was grossly unfair.


The book is 700 pages, and hard to read, so I don't recommend it: I will write about it, it will be as good as reading it. Not here, not now, I first want to finish it, I am 40% through.
complete or sufficient amount of information.
I consider myself reasonably astute, but the information that is contained in this book I read is sooo new to me, and it is so "world view altering" to me, it is like an earthquake: I will need to rebuild starting with the foundation.
This is why I don't want to write more about it. I consider the information in the book raw material. I will need to ponder over it, verify it is true through thinking processes, and then, when I am sure how it fits into the truth I have been shown in my conversations with Source, I'll share it.
In some ways it fits famously, and yet, the Jew in me bristles at the thought, lol, so back to reading, thinking, proving or disproving... the work never ends... lol.
Your vibration number shows how accurately your picture of the world matches the reality of the world.
The Powers that be do everything to keep you in the dark... whether the untruth comes from high up, or low... or your guru, or your healer, or your teacher, or books, or TV... you can count on an attractive mix of truth and untruth, and even for a seasoned veteran it is hard to pull myself out so it does not influence me.
When you are under the influence, you can't think straight.
It's taken me a week to pull myself up by my bootstraps and start watching the Heroes replays with the correct context: "What do I have to learn from this?" instead of "Oh my God" or "People are evil" or "How stupid can he/she be?" i.e. being involved, influenced, and behaving like driftwood on the river... banged around... unable to see context, unable to see what is really going on.
Laura Knight-Jadczyk is a historian and author of 14 books that span many disciplines including history, psychology, spirituality and politics. Underpinning all of Laura's work is a powerful drive to discover the Truth, whatever that Truth might be. In her unique approach to research, everything is challenged and no official 'truth', no official version of events, is too sacrosanct to be exempted from rigorous testing. As she pursues her goal to uncover the solutions to the problems of Humankind, it is her love and respect for the Truth that makes her a truly peerless researcher and author.
Previous Previous post: Want to raise your vibration? Don't keep your eyes on the scoreboard!
Next Next post: Laura Knight-Jadczyk, cassiopaea, ouija board, channeling… Lions, Bears and Giants, Oh My!


Individual Life Insurance - Wenatchee WA & Cashmere WA - Mitchell, Reed & Schmitten Insurance, Inc.
Mitchell, Reed & Schmitten Insurance, Inc. provides life insurance to individuals in Wenatchee, Cashmere, Leavenworth, Yakima, Cle Elum, Chelan, and surrounding areas.
At Mitchell, Reed & Schmitten Insurance, Inc., we know that choosing a Life Insurance plan is a big decision with many important factors to consider. Our knowledgeable team of insurance professionals is committed to walking you through the process and providing you with the best insurance solution to give you and your family the reassurance they deserve.
Mitchell, Reed & Schmitten Insurance, Inc. offers several different coverage options for your consideration including term life, whole life, and more.
An insurance specialist with Mitchell, Reed & Schmitten Insurance, Inc. will review your current life insurance situation and help you design a policy to plan for the future.


SPRIT, Russian company, the leader in development and licensing of software for voice and video transmission over IP, and leading Russian IT holding, I.T. Group, announce signing a partnership agreement to launch VideoMost, multicast videoconferencing software suite.
According to the agreement, I.T. Co. specialists will be implementing VideoMost for Russian state institutions and major enterprises. In addition to enabling video conferences at workplaces and in conference halls, I.T. Co. and SPIRIT offer integration of video conferences into digital document workflow systems, situation rooms and video contact centers.
Before signing the agreement, I.T. Co. specialists had carried load tests for VideoMost under various conditions, as well as with low bandwidth connections. The tests proved that VideoMost is a secure and promising alternative when provisioning and integrating videoconferencing equipment and solutions into customers' infrastructure.
"I.T. Group experience in building unique infrastructures, ECM systems and other own high-tech products enables effective integration of I.T. and SPIRIT common products and guarantees state and enterprise organizations independence on foreign vendors by using home solutions" – commented Tagir Yapparov, CHB, I.T. Group.
"We're excited to announce partnership between VideoMost and I.T. Co. The partnership will allow I.T. Co.'s customers to use home software for world class videoconferencing. We are certain that by cooperating with I.T. Co., it will be simpler to distribute VideoMost solution over the regions of the country and hasten import substitution, as essential as of late. VideoMost will also help Crimea and home companies affected by sanctions, both in Moscow and all over the country, increase workforce productivity and efficiency and decrease travel and communication expenses" — said Andrey Sviridenko, board chairman, SPIRIT.
VideoMost is a software suite by SPIRIT, a Russian company, designed for multicast videoconferencing on PC, Mac and tablets for corporate customers.
VideoMost allows to severely cut down costs, time and troubles of travels, save on DLD calls and roaming, approach new markets, considerably rise effectiveness of remote communications with regional employees, customers, vendors and partners by enabling HD videoconferencing over Internet connection of 512 kbps or more.
VideoMost supports multicast videoconferencing with up to 50 participants and up to 500 additional viewers per conference, runs on client-controlled servers and allows for seamless administration and information security. The solution supports videoconference moderation and recording, sharing documents and text chat, increasing efficiency of cooperation and productivity of collective work.
More information is available at www.videomost.com.
SPRIT is the world leader in development and licensing of software for voice and video transmission over IP. SPIRIT innovative operative communications platform is used by mobile carriers, hardware producers, software and web developers and serves over one billion users in over 100 countries worldwide, more than the audience of Skype.
SPIRIT software is licensed and/or integrated into popular products by Apple, Adobe, Avaya, ARM, AT&T, Blizzard, Broadsoft, BT, China Mobile, Dialogic, Ericsson, HP, HTC, Huawei, Korea Telecom, Kyocera, LG, Microsoft, NEC, Oracle, Polycom, QIP, Reliance, Samsung, Skype, SIPNET, Texas Instruments, Toshiba, Viber, ZTE, and over 250 other world leading tech companies. Direct customers of SPIRIT control over 60% of total smart phone production worldwide.
Among the clientèle of SPIRIT VideoMost multicast videoconferencing software in Russia and CIS are schools and universities of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, Russian Sberbank, Rostelecom, Kazakhtelecom, TTK, regional administrations as well as other state and private organizations.
SPIRIT offers Russian and worldwide carriers and integrators software solutions for multicast videoconferencing of the highest quality, enabling quick and seamless deployment of branded cloud services for web conferencing and mobile video calls with only minor changes to the infrastructure. SPIRIT VideoMost based VCC services enable higher client retention for the carriers, realize additional value and successfully compete with Microsoft and Cisco Webex.


What a birthday present it shared with all of us – encrypting search query data, which means rolling out 100% not provided over the next couple of months. The change comes as no surprise as the monopoly of Google has grown from strength to strength. As they see the power of GA as a great free analytics tool take shape, Google want to change the boundaries. This encryption of all searches has come earlier than anticipated but is not really a surprise to the SEO industry who seem to always be severely impacted by the Google updates.


text:
Bledius graellsi é uma espécie de insetos coleópteros polífagos pertencente à família Staphylinidae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é Fauvel, tendo sido descrita no ano de 1865.

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português.

Referências

Ligações externas
 Bledius graellsi - Biodiversity Heritage Library - Bibliografia
 Bledius graellsi - NCBI Taxonomy Database
 Bledius graellsi - Global Biodiversity Information Facility
 Bledius graellsi - Encyclopedia of Life

graellsi
Coleópteros polífagos de Portugal
Coleópteros descritos em 1865

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Raft is a survival simulator known for crude, simplistic graphics, but pretty challenging gameplay. You are trapped on a shaky and dodgy raft amidst gigantic ocean. And your success at staying alive solely depends on how well you'll learn crafting-cooking.
Our Raft guide will introduce you to the basics of crafting equipment and also a couple of useful tricks.
Surviving in Raft is impossible without drinkable water. Fortunately, you are surrounded by the water. But you cannot drink it unpurified.
Put ocean water in the Cup.
Add a few planks to lit the fire.
Select the Purifier in the hotbar.
Wait until the water boils for some time.
Crafting the Purifier costs 6 Palm Leaves, 6 Wooden Planks, and 4 Plastic Pieces. With time you'll be able to upgrade the Purifier and produce more drinkable water: it can have up to 5 cups at the same time and doesn't require spending the Wooden Planks. It will cost you 8 Planks, 6 of Plastic and 4 of Glass.
Wooden Rod - costs 6 Planks & 8 of Rope. Can get you 10 fish maximum.
Metal Rod - 1 Bolt, 8 of Rope, 3 of Scrap. 30 fish max.
Fishing technique is quite simple: cast the fishing hook into the water. You'll hear the splash sound, and then the fishing line will start moving: left-click your mouse quickly. Voila - the fish is in your inventory.
But your fishy must be cooked before put on the dishy. You'll need the Grill.
Simple Grill - 6 Planks, 1 Scrap, 6 of Rope. It can only cook one food piece at a time and accepts medium-sized chunks of fish, potatoes, etc. Requires planks as fuel.
Advanced Grill - 6 Planks, 2 Metal Ingots, 6 Nails, 2 of Rope. It's big enough to cook three small food pieces simultaneously or one huge chunk of food. You can grill the whole catfish/salmon on it. Requires planks as fuel.
Crop Plot - it comes in three sizes: Small (3 seeds), Medium (2 seeds) and Large (1 seed). However don't be surprised, the bigger the Crop Plot is, the more nutritious/useful crops it can produce: from Raw Potatoes and Beet to Pineapple Seed and Palm Seed for crafting Planks.
Watering - naturally seeds need to be watered. Purifier and Empty Cup will manage that task.
Scarecrow - every once in a while seagulls will attempt to pillage your Crop Plot. To frighten the feathered marauders, craft the Scarecrow: 5 Planks, 3 Palm Leaves, 3 Nails, 3 of Plastic. Every three seagull attacks will make the Scarecrow lose a part of its body.
Axe - 8 Planks, 2 Scraps, 4 of Rope, 1 Bolt. Cut down the fruit trees with it: 60 chops are granted maximum.
Stair Set - requires Plank + Nails and can be used for jumping off of it directly on the island ground.
Contrary to popular belief, three eggs generated through the Bird Nest cannot be grilled, but they still serve as an easily renewable source of nutrition. Craft it with 6 Palm Leaves, 6 Planks, 1 Giant Clam and allow seagulls to rest on it. Note: this maneuver is not available in the Peaceful mode.
In the beginning, Plastic Hook will be your best friend. Craft it for 1 Plank and 2 of Plastic.
All types of resources necessary for building your newbie's survival kit and extending the raft will be floating around. Spot debris and throw your hook at them. Occasionally you may lay your hands on the barrels that are similar to treasure chests. They can contain food, seeds, materials and more.
6 Scraps, 2 of Rope, 4 Planks, 1 Bolt. It's much faster and more durable. The range of the Scrap Hook is 1/3 bigger than that of its plastic counterpart.
5 Planks, 8 Rope, 2 Nails. It automatically collects and stacks the materials/items floating by. Everything you're supposed to do afterward is collecting them. Collection Net can be learned via the Research Table.
6 Planks, 2 Rope, 2 Metal Ingots, 1 Bolt. The self-protection weapon used for warding off the sharks, tending to damage your raft.
8 Planks, Rope 3, Hinge 4, Scrap 1. Storage serves as extra inventory, which allows to deposit the excess of resources for later use. 20 slots are available maximum.
Oxygen Bottle - Plastic 8, Rope 4, Empty Bottle 1, Goo 5. It grants you a longer time of underwater exploration.
Flippers - Plastic 6, Seaweed 6, Vine Goo 5, Rope 4. Higher underwater speed.
Shark Bait - Rope 2, Raw Herring <2, Raw Pomfret <2. A shark will be distracted for 80 seconds.
While underwater you'll spot various collectible resources - fetch them.
If you've been asking yourself How to make a boat? Can I get something fancier than this dodgy little raft? Then wonder no more: in Raft you can build not just simple boats, but also aircraft carriers, cargo ships, and yachts!
Collecting a lot of building materials, especially Wooden Planks and Plastic.
Decorations: chairs, lanterns, signs, shelves.
Structures: doors, thatch walls, wooden pillars, ladders, wooden windows, etc.
Meanwhile, it seems like an unbeatable task in Raft Original Survival game mode, you can practice your ship-designing skills in the Creative mode, in which you have as much of resources as you want and no threats.
Start with a vast foundation by building extra tiles for your floor and then improvise by adding extra structures and elements, depending on white kind of boat/ship you'd like to create.


text:
Stunning national monuments by the best national parks in the American West
Road trip season is likely to be extended this year, if for no other reason than there isn't much else to do. Should a national parks trip across the western United States be on your radar, we urge you to reconsider. Or at least consider adding another stop to the itinerary. These national monuments are equally beautiful, and often less crowded, and you won't have to sacrifice the world-class recreational activities for which our protected lands are known. Get out there and experience these stunning national monuments, which are surprisingly close to some of the country's most popular national parks.
1. Devil's Postpile National Monument — California
Nearby National Parks: Yosemite, Death Valley, Kings Canyon, Sequoia
Photo: Tiffany Chan/Shutterstock
The Sierras are loaded with jaw-dropping parks and towering rock features. Which makes it surprising that while Yosemite National Park drew five million visitors in 2016, Devil's Postpile National Monument — just over an hour south — drew only 134,000, according to a five-year average from the National Park Service. At first, the "postpile" itself looks like the falling remnants of a fence commissioned by the ultimate society-hating mountain man, firmly securing his isolation from the world. When you stop to realize that it's a natural occurrence, that these 60-foot-tall basalt columns somehow evolved to this place and formation, well, it's safe to say you won't be thinking about Half Dome anymore that day.
While there, check out the 101-foot-tall Rainbow Falls — 2.5 miles each way for the trek. Hike into the Ansel Adams wilderness or to the Minaret Falls adjacent to the monument grounds. Or, if ski touring is your thing and it happens to be winter, you can actually ski in and out of the monument via what's called a "skin trail," carved by uphill-ready skis slushing through the snow.
2. Grand Staircase-Escalante, Bears Ears, and Vermillion Cliffs National Monuments — Utah and Arizona
Nearby national parks: Grand Canyon, Capitol Reef, Zion, Arches, Canyonlands
Photo: Doug Meek/Shutterstock
Visiting Grand Staircase-Escalante or Bears Ears National Monument is a great way to stand up for conservation. In 2017, President Trump cut the size of Grand Staircase-Escalante by 47 percent and Bears Ears by a drastic 85 percent in order to open up land for oil and gas leasing, a move being challenged in court by multiple parties. The slot canyons, hiking trails, and rock features of the monuments are as beautiful and unique as anything found at Canyonlands National Park. At Grand Staircase-Escalante, pass through Zebra Slot Canyon, the entrance of which is a 2.6-mile hike.
Bears Ears is home to some of the best-preserved petroglyphs in the American West on Newspaper Rock. To go even further, hike past Native ruins on Comb Ridge or backpack some (or all) of the 52-mile Grand Gulch. Here, you'll see rock art so vivid that you'll have a tough time believing it's 2,000 years old, until you see the nearby — and equally mind-blowing — Native American ruins.
Photo: iacomino FRiMAGES/Shutterstock
If you want to disappear for a while, Vermillion Cliffs National Monument is about the best place to do so in the lower 48. Here, 280,000 acres of rock-lined valleys, buttes, and plateaus are surrounded by Glen Canyon National Recreation Area on one side and the Kaibab National Forest on the other. There is no visitor center, nor busloads of international tourists snapping quick shots of the death-defying cliff drops. Pull a permit to hike the North and South Coyote Buttes, do a multi-day canyoneering trip through Paria Canyon, or take it a bit easier on a full-day hike to views of the swirling sandstone of The Wave, the one aspect of the park that is well-known on Instagram. Be warned: Only 20 hikers per day are allowed to visit.
3. Colorado National Monument — Colorado
Nearby national parks: Arches, Canyonlands, Rocky Mountain
Photo: Zack Frank/Shutterstock
For the intrepid conservationist, few places hold more steam than Edward Abbey's old stomping grounds of Arches National Park. Hiking through Devil's Garden is an incredible experience, to be sure, but those who actually read Desert Solitaire are quick to point out that the paved road leading to its now-crowded parking lot was something Abbey was so passionately against that his pen furiously met paper, though the effort ultimately proved futile. Not to mention that the Moab area is three degrees above hot as hell in the summer. Two hours east lies Colorado National Monument, home to Monument Canyon — an expansive area of towering sandstone monoliths and pillars, many of which you can overlook with as little as a five-minute walk.
The road through the monument offers several stopping points to look out over the canyon and across other moon-ish looking rock formations along the way. Should you wish to spend more time out of the car, try the Liberty Cap or Devil's Kitchen trails — bonus if you do them during sunrise or sunset. Western Colorado is also quite toasty from July to mid-September, but it's a little higher and cooler than Moab. And, as the photo above shows, Colorado National Monument is one of the most photogenic spots in the country.
4. Upper Missouri River Breaks and Pompeys Pillar National Monuments
Nearby national parks: Glacier, Yellowstone, Grand Teton
Photo: BackEastCreative/Shutterstock
Glacier National Park and the big-mountain terrain of Big Sky Resort are all the proof you need that Montana is an outdoors person's dream. That's not even taking into consideration the Upper Missouri River Breaks National Monument, which in addition to extensive stretches of floatable river offers access to both the Lewis and Clark National Historic Trail and the Nez Perce National Historic Trail. You can also fish, hunt, and spot everything from deer to grouse to raptors — wilderness-worthy diversity at its finest.
Further south, Pompeys Pillar National Monument, named after the son of Sacagewea, offers easy access to a famous rock pillar that bore witness to Native tribes and later, pioneer life. An afternoon is plenty of time here as the monument is small — just be sure to snap a photo of Captain William Clark's signature in the rock.
5. San Juan Islands National Monument — Washington
Nearby national parks: Olympic, Mt. Rainier, North Cascades
Photo: Vikki Hunt/Shutterstock
San Juan Islands National Monument encapsulates the stunning islands of the Puget Sound in all their glory. There are more than 450 islands to choose from, depending on your activity preference. For camping, hit up Blind Island. For hiking, try the Iceberg Point Trail on Lopez Island or the Mount Finlayson Trail on San Juan Island itself. Cattle Point is the place to gaze at the Strait of Juan De Fuca and out across the sound and at its bluffs, the coastal Pacific Northwest's iteration of craggy cliffs. Of course, kayaking the sound is a right of passage for outdoorsy in the area, and you'd do right to give it a go — er, a paddle.
Previous PostLindsey Vonn's new Amazon show is 'The Amazing Race' with dogs
Next PostLos Angeles mayor will shut off water and power to houses hosting large parties
Two captive belugas finally released into Iceland's open-sea sanctuary
What it's like trying to leave New Zealand during COVID
A little love letter to London


text:
Q: how to replace an N/A value coming from data source into timestamp field on snowflake using iff in a select query Unfortunately, we are receiving some 'n/a' values from data source for fields having type as timestamp.
We tried to replace n/a values with other related timestamp fields that have values:
iff(field1 = 'n/a', field2, field1)

but there was an error:

timestamp 'n/a' is not recognized.

we tried then with:
ifnull(field1, field2)

it worked when value is NULL and not n/a.

A: If you are using Snowflake then you can use try_to_timestamp and ifnull like this:
create or replace transient table test_table (field1 varchar, field2 varchar);
insert into test_table values ('n/a', '2021-01-01'), ('2021-02-01', '2021-02-02');

select
    ifnull(try_to_timestamp(field1), field2)
from test_table;

Results

If you are using mysql I'm sure there is some equivalent expression you can use.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
On the interior regularity criteria of the 3-D navier-stokes equations involving two velocity components
Traveling waves for a microscopic model of traffic flow
May 2018, 38(5): 2591-2607. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2018109
Dynamics for the diffusive Leslie-Gower model with double free boundaries
Mingxin Wang , and Qianying Zhang
Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
* Corresponding author: Mingxin Wang
Received July 2017 Revised January 2018 Published March 2018
Fund Project: This work was supported by NSFC Grants 11771110 and 11371113
In this paper we investigate a free boundary problem for the diffusive Leslie-Gower prey-predator model with double free boundaries in one space dimension. This system models the expanding of an invasive or new predator species in which the free boundaries represent expanding fronts of the predator species. We first prove the existence, uniqueness and regularity of global solution. Then provide a spreading-vanishing dichotomy, namely the predator species either successfully spreads to infinity as $t\to∞$ at both fronts and survives in the new environment, or it spreads within a bounded area and dies out in the long run. The long time behavior of $(u, v)$ and criteria for spreading and vanishing are also obtained. Because the term $v/u$ (which appears in the second equation) may be unbounded when $u$ nears zero, it will bring some difficulties for our study.
Keywords: Leslie-Gower model, free boundary problem, spreading-vanishing dichotomy, long time behavior, criteria for spreading and vanishing.
Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary: 35K51, 35R35, 35A02; Secondary: 35B40, 92B05.
Citation: Mingxin Wang, Qianying Zhang. Dynamics for the diffusive Leslie-Gower model with double free boundaries. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2018, 38 (5) : 2591-2607. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2018109
H. Bunting, Y. H. Du and K. Krakowski, Spreading speed revisited: Analysis of a free boundary model, Networks and Heterogeneous Media (special issue dedicated to H. Matano), 7(2012), 583-603. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2012.7.583. Google Scholar
J. F. Cao, W. T. Li and M. Zhao, A nonlocal diffusion model with free boundaries in spatial heterogeneous environment, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 449 (2017), 1015-1035. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.12.044. Google Scholar
S. S. Chen, J. P. Shi and J. J. Wei, Global stability and Hopf bifurcation in a delayed diffusive Leslie-Gower predator-prey system, Internat. J. Bifur. Chaos Appl. Sci. Engrg., 22 (2012), 1250061, 11 pp. doi: 10.1142/S0218127412500617. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du, Z. M. Guo and R. Peng, A diffusive logistic model with a free boundary in time-periodic environment, J. Funct. Anal., 265 (2013), 2089-2142. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2013.07.016. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du and S. B. Hsu, A diffusive predator-prey model in heterogeneous environment, J. Differential Equations, 203 (2004), 331-364. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2004.05.010. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du and X. Liang, Pulsating semi-waves in periodic media and spreading speed determined by a free boundary model, Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare Anal. Non Lineaire, 32 (2015), 279-305. doi: 10.1016/j.anihpc.2013.11.004. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du and Z. G. Lin, Spreading-vanishing dichotomy in the diffusive logistic model with a free boundary, SIAM J. Math. Anal., 42 (2010), 377-405. doi: 10.1137/090771089. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du and Z. G. Lin, The diffusive competition model with a free boundary: Invasion of a superior or inferior competitor, Discrete Cont. Dyn. Syst.-B, 19 (2014), 3105-3132. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2014.19.3105. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du and B. D. Lou, Spreading and vanishing in nonlinear diffusion problems with free boundaries, J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS), 17 (2015), 2673-2724. doi: 10.4171/JEMS/568. Google Scholar
Y. H. Du, M. X. Wang and M. L. Zhou, Semi-wave and spreading speed for the diffusive competition model with a free boundary, J. Math. Pures Appl., 107 (2017), 253-287. doi: 10.1016/j.matpur.2016.06.005. Google Scholar
J. Ge, I. K. Kim, Z. G. Lin and H. P. Zhu, A SIS reaction-diffusion-advection model in a low-risk and high-risk domain, J. Differential Equations, 259 (2015), 5486-5509. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2015.06.035. Google Scholar
H. Gu, B. D. Lou and M. L. Zhou, Long time behavior for solutions of Fisher-KPP equation with advection and free boundaries, J. Funct. Anal., 269 (2015), 1714-1768. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2015.07.002. Google Scholar
J. S. Guo and C.-H. Wu, On a free boundary problem for a two-species weak competition system, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 24 (2012), 873-895. doi: 10.1007/s10884-012-9267-0. Google Scholar
J. S. Guo and C.-H. Wu, Dynamics for a two-species competition-diffusion model with two free boundaries, Nonlinearity, 28 (2015), 1-27. doi: 10.1088/0951-7715/28/1/1. Google Scholar
Y. Kaneko and H. Matsuzawa, Spreading speed and sharp asymptotic profiles of solutions in free boundary problems for reaction-advection-diffusion equations, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 428 (2015), 43-76. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2015.02.051. Google Scholar
Y. Kawai and Y. Yamada, Multiple spreading phenomena for a free boundary problem of a reaction-diffusion equation with a certain class of bistable nonlinearity, J. Differential Equations, 261 (2016), 538-572. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2016.03.017. Google Scholar
[17] O. A. Ladyzenskaja, U. A. Solonnikov and N. N. Ural'ceva, Linear and Quasilinear Equations of Parabolic Type, Academic Press, New York, London, 1968. Google Scholar
P. H. Leslie and J. C. Gower, The properties of a stochastic model for the predator-prey type of interaction between two species, Biometrika, 47 (1960), 219-234. doi: 10.1093/biomet/47.3-4.219. Google Scholar
H. Monobe and C.-H. Wu, On a free boundary problem for a reaction-diffusion-advection logistic model in heterogeneous environment, J. Differential Equations, 261 (2016), 6144-6177. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2016.08.033. Google Scholar
Y. W. Qi and Y. Zhu, Global stability of Lesile-type predator-prey model, Methods and Applications of Analysis, 23 (2016), 259-268. doi: 10.4310/MAA.2016.v23.n3.a3. Google Scholar
N. K. Sun, B. D. Lou and M. L. Zhou, Fisher-KPP equation with free boundaries and time-periodic advections, Calc. Var. Partial Diff. Equ., 56 (2017), Art. 61, 36 pp. doi: 10.1007/s00526-017-1165-1.. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang, On some free boundary problems of the prey-predator model, J. Differential Equations, 256 (2014), 3365-3394. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2014.02.013. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang, Spreading and vanishing in the diffusive prey-predator model with a free boundary, Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simulat., 23 (2015), 311-327. doi: 10.1016/j.cnsns.2014.11.016. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang, The diffusive logistic equation with a free boundary and sign-changing coefficient, J. Differential Equations, 258 (2015), 1252-1266. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2014.10.022. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang, A diffusive logistic equation with a free boundary and sign-changing coefficient in time-periodic environment, J. Funct. Anal., 270 (2016), 483-508. doi: 10.1016/j.jfa.2015.10.014. Google Scholar
M. Wang, W. J. Sheng and Y. Zhang, Spreading and vanishing in a diffusive prey-predator model with variable intrinsic growth rate and free boundary, J. Math. Anal. Appl., 441 (2016), 309-329. doi: 10.1016/j.jmaa.2016.04.007. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and Y. Zhang, Two kinds of free boundary problems for the diffusive prey-predator model, Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl., 24 (2015), 73-82. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2015.01.004. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and Y. Zhang, The time-periodic diffusive competition models with a free boundary and sign-changing growth rates, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 67 (2016), Art. 132, 24 pp. doi: 10.1007/s00033-016-0729-9. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and Y. Zhang, Note on a two-species competition-diffusion model with two free boundaries, Nonlinear Anal: TMA, 159 (2017), 458-467. doi: 10.1016/j.na.2017.01.005. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and Y. Zhang, Dynamics for a diffusive prey-predator model with different free boundaries, J. Differental Equatons, 264 (2018), 3527-3558. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2017.11.027. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and J. F. Zhao, Free boundary problems for a Lotka-Volterra competition system, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 26 (2014), 655-672. doi: 10.1007/s10884-014-9363-4. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and J. F. Zhao, A free boundary problem for a predator-prey model with double free boundaries, J. Dyn. Diff. Equat., 29 (2017), 957-979. doi: 10.1007/s10884-015-9503-5. Google Scholar
M. X. Wang and Y. G. Zhao, A semilinear parabolic system with a free boundary, Z. Angew. Math. Phys., 66 (2015), 3309-3332. doi: 10.1007/s00033-015-0582-2. Google Scholar
L. Wei, G. H. Zhang and M. L. Zhou, Long time behavior for solutions of the diffusive logistic equation with advection and free boundary, Calc. Var. Partial Diff. Equ., 55 (2016), Art. 95, 34 pp. doi: 10.1007/s00526-016-1039-y. Google Scholar
C.-H. Wu, The minimal habitat size for spreading in a weak competition system with two free boundaries, J. Differential Equations, 259 (2015), 873-897. doi: 10.1016/j.jde.2015.02.021. Google Scholar
Y. Zhang and M. X. Wang, A free boundary problem of the ratio-dependent prey-predator model, Applicable Anal., 94 (2015), 2147-2167. doi: 10.1080/00036811.2014.979806. Google Scholar
J. F. Zhao and M. X. Wang, A free boundary problem of a predator-prey model with higher dimension and heterogeneous environment, Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl., 16 (2014), 250-263. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2013.10.003. Google Scholar
Y. G. Zhao and M. X. Wang, Free boundary problems for the diffusive competition system in higher dimension with sign-changing coefficients, IMA J. Appl. Math., 81 (2016), 255-280. doi: 10.1093/imamat/hxv035. Google Scholar
Y. G. Zhao and M. X. Wang, Asymptotic behavior of solutions to a nonlinear Stefan problem with different moving parameters, Nonlinear Anal.: Real World Appl., 31 (2016), 166-178. doi: 10.1016/j.nonrwa.2016.02.001. Google Scholar
L. Zhou, S. Zhang and Z. H. Liu, An evolutional free-boundary problem of a reaction-diffusion-advection system, Proc. Royal Soc. Edinburgh A, 147 (2017), 615-648. doi: 10.1017/S0308210516000226. Google Scholar
Jingli Ren, Dandan Zhu, Haiyan Wang. Spreading-vanishing dichotomy in information diffusion in online social networks with intervention. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (4) : 1843-1865. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018240
Fang Li, Xing Liang, Wenxian Shen. Diffusive KPP equations with free boundaries in time almost periodic environments: I. Spreading and vanishing dichotomy. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2016, 36 (6) : 3317-3338. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2016.36.3317
Yunfeng Liu, Zhiming Guo, Mohammad El Smaily, Lin Wang. A Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with a free boundary. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2019, 12 (7) : 2063-2084. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2019133
Gary Bunting, Yihong Du, Krzysztof Krakowski. Spreading speed revisited: Analysis of a free boundary model. Networks & Heterogeneous Media, 2012, 7 (4) : 583-603. doi: 10.3934/nhm.2012.7.583
Andrei Korobeinikov, William T. Lee. Global asymptotic properties for a Leslie-Gower food chain model. Mathematical Biosciences & Engineering, 2009, 6 (3) : 585-590. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2009.6.585
Yunshyong Chow, Kenneth Palmer. On a discrete three-dimensional Leslie-Gower competition model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2019, 24 (8) : 4367-4377. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019123
Wen-Bin Yang, Yan-Ling Li, Jianhua Wu, Hai-Xia Li. Dynamics of a food chain model with ratio-dependent and modified Leslie-Gower functional responses. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2015, 20 (7) : 2269-2290. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.2269
Wenjie Ni, Mingxin Wang. Dynamical properties of a Leslie-Gower prey-predator model with strong Allee effect in prey. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2017, 22 (9) : 3409-3420. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2017172
Xiaofeng Xu, Junjie Wei. Turing-Hopf bifurcation of a class of modified Leslie-Gower model with diffusion. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (2) : 765-783. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018042
Jun Zhou. Qualitative analysis of a modified Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Crowley-Martin functional responses. Communications on Pure & Applied Analysis, 2015, 14 (3) : 1127-1145. doi: 10.3934/cpaa.2015.14.1127
Hongwei Yin, Xiaoyong Xiao, Xiaoqing Wen. Analysis of a Lévy-diffusion Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with nonmonotonic functional response. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2018, 23 (6) : 2121-2151. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2018228
Zhiguo Wang, Hua Nie, Yihong Du. Asymptotic spreading speed for the weak competition system with a free boundary. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2019, 39 (9) : 5223-5262. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019213
Meng Zhao, Wan-Tong Li, Wenjie Ni. Spreading speed of a degenerate and cooperative epidemic model with free boundaries. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2020, 25 (3) : 981-999. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2019199
Jun Zhou, Chan-Gyun Kim, Junping Shi. Positive steady state solutions of a diffusive Leslie-Gower predator-prey model with Holling type II functional response and cross-diffusion. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2014, 34 (9) : 3875-3899. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2014.34.3875
Walid Abid, Radouane Yafia, M.A. Aziz-Alaoui, Habib Bouhafa, Azgal Abichou. Global dynamics on a circular domain of a diffusion predator-prey model with modified Leslie-Gower and Beddington-DeAngelis functional type. Evolution Equations & Control Theory, 2015, 4 (2) : 115-129. doi: 10.3934/eect.2015.4.115
Zengji Du, Xiao Chen, Zhaosheng Feng. Multiple positive periodic solutions to a predator-prey model with Leslie-Gower Holling-type II functional response and harvesting terms. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - S, 2014, 7 (6) : 1203-1214. doi: 10.3934/dcdss.2014.7.1203
Na Min, Mingxin Wang. Hopf bifurcation and steady-state bifurcation for a Leslie-Gower prey-predator model with strong Allee effect in prey. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2019, 39 (2) : 1071-1099. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2019045
Chang-Hong Wu. Spreading speed and traveling waves for a two-species weak competition system with free boundary. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2013, 18 (9) : 2441-2455. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2013.18.2441
Mei Li, Zhigui Lin. The spreading fronts in a mutualistic model with advection. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - B, 2015, 20 (7) : 2089-2105. doi: 10.3934/dcdsb.2015.20.2089
Hua Chen, Jian-Meng Li, Kelei Wang. On the vanishing viscosity limit of a chemotaxis model. Discrete & Continuous Dynamical Systems - A, 2020, 40 (3) : 1963-1987. doi: 10.3934/dcds.2020101
PDF downloads (125)
HTML views (200)
Mingxin Wang Qianying Zhang


text:
Greenspond Loyal Orange Lodge No. 205
Greenspond, Newfoundland, Canada
The first members of the Orange Association in Greenspond joined in St. John's, Newfoundland around 1870. Some of these men were, Charles Whitemarsh, Thomas Wornell, Edward Meadus, Sylvester Green, Job Granter, Ethelred Carter, William White, and James Burry.
Around 1875, Burnette Loyal Orange Lodge No. 28 was formed in Greenspond and had its first meetings in Fred White's store.
The first Orange Hall in Greenspond was built in 1880, which was shared by Greenspond's two lodges, Burnett and Glover. Glover Loyal Orange Lodge No. 33, named after the Newfoundland Governor of the time, Sir John Glover, was formed from a split among the Anglican and Methodist Burnett members.
Unfortunately the Hall was destroyed by fire in 1898, causing the two lodges to hold meetings elsewhere.
The Burnett Lodge held meetings at the St. James Society of United Fishermen Hall and the Glover Lodge met at the Blandford Society of United Fishermen Hall.
In 1900 the Glover Lodge bought John Oakley's shop and made it into their Orange Hall, while the Burnett Lodge bought the old Court House.
The hall that burned down was eventually restored by the Orange Young Britons, who were very active in the 1880's. They named their lodge "No Surrender Orange Young Britons No. 29", and their first master was George Burry of Greenspond. The Orange Young Britons went dormant in the early 1920's until it reorganized in 1929.
William Johnson Royal Black Preceptory No. 647, was formed in 1904 and used the Glover Orange Hall. The first Worshipful Preceptor was Edward Carter of Greenspond. The Preceptory went dormant in 1986.
A Greenspond resident, Kenneth Oakley began correspondence with Newfoundland's Prime Minister and Grand Master of the Grand Orange Lodge of Newfoundland, Sir Richard Squires in 1914 to inquire about uniting the Burnett and Glover lodges in Greenspond. Kenneth Oakley was the Worshipful Master of the Glover Lodge, and with over 150 members by 1914, the hall was no longer big enough to accommodate them.
In 1920 the Glover Lodge completely renovated and enlarged their hall. Four years later, the two lodges, Burnett and Glover, amalgamated and under the new charter the united lodges became Greenspond Loyal Orange Lodge No. 205. In the 1970s the hall was renovated once more by free labour which included a new roof, windows, siding and interior work.
The height of Orange activity in Greenspond occurred around the war years (1939–1945). Even when Orangeism was declining across the country Greenspond continued to thrive. In 1981, for example, Greenspond received a plaque for the most initiations in Newfoundland, presented to them by the Grand Master R.W. Bro. Renea Locke.
Just three years later in 1984, however, the Lodge in Greenspond was inactive.
Where is Greenspond, Newfoundland?


text:
The Rise of a Legend: DeVonta Smith, WR, Philadelphia Eagles
DeVonta Smith the standout wide receiver from the Philadelphia Eagles is a rising star.
In the last couple years DeVonta Smith had become a fan favorite for many people. He has the true values of football in his heart, the raw talent in his veins, and the skilled tactics in his mind.
The way this living legend trains is beyond so many of the other players on the field, and today, we will show you just how this hero rose to the occasion.
The Legend Today
Although DeVonta Smith is a tall man, around the height of 6 foot 1 inch, he doesn't have the tank build of most football players. But this speedy and agile player doesn't rely on bringing force to win the game; he instead focuses on tactical maneuvers.
So far this young lad has tallied up 215 receiving yards along with 3 receiving touchdowns, and these were on just 12 receptions. What makes this even more impressive is that Smith was only featured in the first half of the game! If he had more time, we might have seen even more numbers against his name!
The reason for only playing half a game came from Smith's injury. He developed a mild grievance on his hand, and was called to the benches to avoid further damage.
So far, Smith has achieved more than 1,800 receiving yards and 24 receiving touchdowns. This means that he holds the current record for most receiving touchdowns by any SEC player. The person he knocked off the seat was Ja'Marr Chase, who held the record in 2019 for 20 receiving passes.
How DeVonta Smith Started
DeVonta Smith started his football journey in Amite City, Louisiana. He stayed there for a short time and then moved on to Amite High Magnet School. While playing at Amite High, Smith caught the attention of a single college, the University of Alabama.
He was offered a scholarship and soon joined their ranks to play college football. In his first year with the team, DeVonta made a massive impression creating 8 reciptions from 106 yards and a total of 3 touchdowns! This all happened in the year 2017.
In the same season, but the year 2018, Alabama made it to the College Football Playoff National Championships. Their opponent was Georgia. Smith didn't play much in this game, but when he finally had the chance to prove himself, he made the game winning touchdown creating a 26 to 23 victory!
In his sophomore year, Smith boasted 42 receptions with 693 yards and 6 touchdowns.
It was the 2019 season that showed off just how great Smith was. He achieved 1,256-yard passes, 14 touchdowns, and 68 receptions. His achievements were so great that he tried his hand in the 2020 NFL drafts.
However, that year was tainted for most of us. The Covid-19 virus spread worldwide, so Smith had to back down from the NFL drafts and instead decided to focus on his senior year.
It's a good thing that Smith made that decision, as it was on the 21st of November that DeVonta Smith broke the record for the most touchdowns received. He also became the first wide receiver ever to win the Player of the Year award!
It should be noted that Smith was offered and accepted an invitation to play at the 2021 Senior Bowl; however, he didn't make it in the end.
The Future For This Legend
The future of DeVonta Smith seems to lie in the Miami Dolphins. If last year's NFL pick selection was anything like the future, it seems as though Miami is after this strapping player. With this rising star in their ranks, Fanduel's Super Bowl betting odds could put Miami higher up the leaderboard.
If the Miami Dolphins do snap him up, his lightweight body type and zipping offense strategies will work perfectly with their offensive style too. This will be especially true if free agent Will Fuller signs up for the Dolphins too.
Smith, Fuller, and Tagovailoa could become the trio of the century. However, Miami isn't the only team eying Smith up. Philadelphia is also hot on his heels. The fantasy football fans have already started making bets for when he joins the league.
Only time will tell what is really in store for DeVonta Smith, but you can bet that he will be pulled up to the NFL at some stage in his career. But you should watch out for all the bettor's suggestions as Smith will undoubtedly make an impact.


Assess the health and safety needs and practices in the child care facility.
Establish and review health policies and procedures.
Manage and prevent injuries and the spread of infectious diseases.
The Child Care Health Consultant utilizes the National Health and Safety Performance Standards to provide guidance to child care programs. The CCHC is not responsible for regulating child care facilities.
Assessments help child care professionals evaluate facility policies and procedures and guide future program development. Assessments may be conducted by the child care health consultant in conjunction with the facility director or done as a self-assessment to improve program practices. Contact us for more information on assessment opportunities.


WorldRadioFm.com is an Internet radio network offering a variety of channels for your enjoyment. It is owned and operated by Big Shot Technologies out of Karachi (Pakistan), and yet maintained by various talented individuals located all over the world.
Our radio channels are produced *by* music lovers and *for* music lovers, and much of the work put in is labor of love.