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10.4236/ijcm.2014.519151
Correlation of Endoscopic Findings with Various Helicobacter pylori Tests among Dyspeptic Patients
Mohammed O. Mohammed
Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
Email: dr_m_omer@yahoo.com
Copyright © 2014 by author and Scientific Research Publishing Inc.
Received 31 August 2014; revised 22 September 2014; accepted 6 October 2014
Background: Helicobacter pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection, and a significant etiological factor in acid peptic diseases and gastric cancer. Dyspepsia is a common gastrointestinal disorder, and the most common indication for gastroscopy. Detection of H. pylori during endoscopy has become standard clinical practice. Elevated levels of inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), are associated with pathological changes, and hence give useful information for exact diagnosis and therapy. Objectives: To determine the relationship between endoscopic findings, highly sensitive C-reactive protein level (hs-CRP) and H. pylori infection among dyspeptic patients using serological tests, stool antigen for H. pylori and antral histology. Methods: This was a prospective study; patients with dyspepsia, who referred to Kurdistan Teaching Center of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in Sulaimani City were assessed, during the period of December 2012 to March 2014. They underwent gastroscopy, and biopsies were taken from the corpus and antral portions of antral portion for histopathological exam. Patients' serum samples were tested for H. pylori infection using ELISA method to detect (IgG & IgA) anti-bodies and stool samples were examined using rapid immunoassay method to detect H. pylori antigens. hs-CRP was assessed using ELISA. Results: One hundred dyspeptic patients were included in the study. The mean age was 34.2 years and male comprised 54% of the study samples. The common findings in oesophagogastroduodenoscopy (OGD) examination were antral gastropathy (59%) and duodenal ulcer (21%). A statistically significant (P < 0.01) correlation was found between hs-CRP and H. pylori IgG and IgA levels (titer). There was a highly significant (P < 0.01) correlation between the level of H. pylori IgG and the endoscopic findings. The highest serum level of H. pylori IgG was found in duodenal ulcer and antral gastritis, (88.86 ± 42.0) and (70.05 ± 35.2) Au/ml, respectively. There was a highly significant correlation (P < 0.01) between endoscopic findings and H. pylori positive antral biopsy, in duodenal ulcer, antral gastritis and duodenitis was 100%, 94.9% and 75% respectively. Also duodenal ulcer and antral gastritis showed high mean and percentage but no significant differences in both H. pylori IgA and stool Antigen.
H. pylori, Serology, Antral Biopsy, Stool Antigen, hs-CRP, Sulaimani
Dyspepsia is a prevalent complaint in general practice and gastrointestinal clinics [1] . Helicobacter pylori infection is the most common chronic bacterial infection in the world. This bacterium colonizes human gastric mucosa and can elicit lifelong inflammatory and immune responses, with release of various bacterial and host- dependent cytotoxic substances [2] [3] . It causes chronic and active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and associated with increased risk of developing gastric cancer [4] .
Testing for H. pylori is recommended in many clinical settings such as peptic ulcer disease, low grade gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer or if there are first degree relatives with gastric cancer, and in certain cases of dyspepsia but it is not a routine test [5] [6] . Several ways of testing methods exist.
1.1. Serology
Serological tests involve detection of antibodies against H. pylori and they are very accurate. These antibodies may remain positive for years after successful eradication of H. pylori and therefore they are not used for checking the success of treatment because the antibody levels in the blood decreases slowly [7] [8] .
1.2. Stool Antigen Test
It is a recently developed alternative to the urea breath test that needs further evaluation in the clinical setting. It appears to be a useful alternative for assessing active infection, with the same caveats about its use. However, it appears somewhat less accurate for assessing treatment success [8] - [10] .
1.3. Histology
H. pylori infection can be diagnosed accurately by histology if special stains are used. The distribution of gastritis may give information on disease risk if biopsies are taken from antrum and corpus. Histology can also give information on whether gastric atrophy or intestinal metaplasia-markers of increased risk of gastric adenocarcinoma is present [8] [11] .
An important downstream marker of inflammation, C-reactive protein (CRP), is one of the acute phase proteins that increase during systemic inflammation [12] [13] . It has also been reported that measurement of serum levels of CRP using a high sensitivity assay (hs-CRP) can reveal subclinical inflammatory states that may reflect vascular inflammation [14] . Elevated levels of markers such as CRP, are associated with pathological changes, and hence their values give useful information for exact diagnosis and therapy [15] .
The aims of the study were to assess:
1) the relationship between endoscopic findings and different H. pylori tests.
2) the relationship between H. pylori infection and hs-CRP.
This was a prospective study, 100 patients with dyspepsia, attending Kurdistan Teaching Center of Gastroenterology & Hepatology in Sulaimani City were assessed, during the period of December 2012 to March 2014.Those who were pregnant, had fever, previously treated for H. pylori infection or who had received antibiotics, proton pump inhibitors or bismuth compounds in the preceding 4 weeks had been excluded.
The study was approved by the Ethics Committee for Analysis of Research Projects-Clinical Direction of the Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine, University of Sulaimani. Written informed consent was obtained from
each patient prior to participation in the study.
A form designed to collect demographic data; name, age, gender, chief complain of patients and duration of illness. Under aseptic condition, five ml venous blood aspirated then centrifuged at 5000 r/min for 5 minutes and serum was stored at −20˚C for later analysis for H. pylori IgG, IgA and hs-CRP.
2.1. Serum ELISA Test
Sera were tested for H. pylori IgG & IgA antibodies at Sulaimani Central Laboratories, using ELISA tests (NovaLisa, NovaTec, Germany), and according to the standard operating procedures. The test has a sensitivity of 97% and a specificity of 98.8%. The normal (negative) value of H. pylori for IgG < 8.0 AU/ml and IgA < 1.2 Ndx [16] . Briefly, diluted serum samples were added to the coated wells with biotinylated conjugate solution and incubated before addition of a peroxidase-bound secondary immunoglobulin, incubation, and finally addition of a substrate showing H. pylori status.
hs-C-reactive protein (CRP) was determined based on immunoenzymometric assay (Monobind Inc., Accu- Bind ELISA kit, hs-CRP: 3125-300, USA). Normal range as follows: low risk: <1.0 mg/L, average risk: 1.0 - 3.0 mg/L, high risk: >3.0 mg/L.
2.2. Stool Antigen Immunoassay Test
Stool specimens were tested using the stool antigen test kits (Rapid Immunoassay method, Coris Bioconcept C-1019, Belgium). A diluted feces sample and a peroxidase conjugated to antibody were added to the wells and incubated for1 hour at room temperature. A wash was performed to remove unbound material. The substrate was added and incubated for 10 min at room temperature. Color developed in the presence of bound enzyme Stop solution was added and the results were interpreted by spectrophotometer.
2.3. Endoscopy and Histology
After fasting overnight, esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy was performed with an Olympus Videoscope OEV203/ Japan, 4 gastric biopsies (from antrum and body) were taken from each patient. Biopsies were sent to the laboratory in 10% formalin solution for histological examination (Hematoxylin and eosin stain and modified Giemsa stain). The histological findings from the section were scored according to the updated Sydney system of classification and grading of gastritis [17] .
Statistical analysis were performed using SPSS (statistical package of social science), version 21. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation for quantitative variables and number (percentages) for qualitative variables. The differences in such level was considered as significant when P < 0.05.
The study sample included 100 patients, 54% were males and 46% were females, giving a male to female ratio of 1.2:1. The age ranged from 20 - 49 years with a mean of 34.2 ± 8.5 years (Figure 1).
The commonest OGD findings were antral gastropathy (59%) and duodenal ulcer (21%) (Figure 2).
No correlation between H. pylori IgG level and H. pylori IgA level was found (P > 0.05) (Figure 3).
A statistically significant correlation (P < 0.01) between hs-CRP and H. pylori antibodies (IgG, IgA) levels was found (Table 1).
There were statistically significant associations between the level of H. pylori IgG and the results of endoscopic findings, (P < 0.01). The highest titer level of H. pylori IgG found in duodenal ulcer and antral gastritis, (88.86 ± 42.0) and (70.05 ± 35.2) Au/ml, respectively, while the highest level of H. pylori IgA found in antral gastritis and duodenal ulcer, (2.09 ± 1.58) and (1.76 ± 1.29) Ndx, respectively but statistically was not significant P > 0.05 (Table 2).
There were highly significant associations between endoscopic findings and Antral biopsy (P < 0.01), the highest percentage found in duodenal ulcer, antral gastritis and duodenitis 100%, 94.9% and 75% respectively (Table 3).
Figure 1. Distribution of patients by gender.
Figure 2. Oesophagogastroduodenoscopy findings in the study sample.
Figure 3. Relationship between H. pylori IgG level and H. pylori IgA level.
The relationship between endoscopic findings and stool antigen for H. pylori was not statistically significant, P > 0.05 (Table 4).
Comparing antigen for H. pylori serologic testes and stool antigen with antral histological examination as gold standard for diagnosis of H. pylori infection is shown in Table 5.
Table 1. Relationship between H. pylori and hs-CRP in patients.
Table 2. Relationship between endoscopic diagnosis and H. pylori IgG, H. pylori IgA.
**Highly significant difference P < 0.01.
Table 3. Relation of endoscopic findings and antral biopsy.
Chi = 77.5, df = 5, P < 0.01.
Table 4. Relationship between endoscopic findings and antigen for H. pylori.
Chi = 4.5, DF = 5, P > 0.05.
Helicobacter pylori is worldwide in distribution, it is one of the commonest and probably most chronic infection throughout the world [18] . In this study we found that H. pylori infection is more prevalent in male than female patients and this agrees with some studies [19] [20] whereas other studies did not find a significant gender difference for aquision of H. pylori [21] .
The age pattern is closely similar to those of other studies, with very few presenting before the age of 20 years, peaking in the fifth decade and a mean age of 42 ± 1.1 years probably because upper gastrointestinal tract
Table 5. Test performance with its corresponding 95% confidence intervals for each diagnostic test.
diseases are prevalent in this population groups [22] [23] . The reason for the differences in the sex and age distribution is probably due to varying sample size; age groups, geographical locations and time periods the studies were carried out [24] .
In this study, UGI endoscopy study revealed abnormal findings in 97% of the patients, similar finding found by Nkrumah in Saudi Arabia that noted 94% [25] while Agbakwuru in Nigeria recorded 66% [22] .
In the current study, the most common endoscopic findings were gastritis and duodenal ulcer occurring in 59% and 21% respectively. Walker et al. also observed duodenal ulcer as the commonest findings in their studies i.e. 20.1% [26] . The prevalence of duodenal ulceration encountered was also comparable to those seen in Kenya (21%) and pooled African data (26%) [27] [28] . We found gastritis in 59% of patients while it was 35% obtained by Agbakwuru et al. in Nigeria [23] and 31% by Nkrumah in Saudi Arabia [23] . The majority of patients infected with H. pylori develop acute gastritis [29] .
Some studies have focused on the effect of H. pylori infection on hs-CRP levels and showed higher serum levels of hs-CRP in H. pylori-infected patients than in non-infected healthy control groups [30] [31] .
We found a significant correlation between hs-CRP levels and H. pylori-infected patients, and these results agreed with Kebapcilar et al. reports [32] .
CRP is a marker of inflammation and infection of the gastric mucosa with H. pylori, which causes an inflammatory reaction, the higher concentration of hs-CRP in the H. pylori-infected group may be due to induction of subclinical micro-inflammatory reactions by H. pylori while low concentration of hs-CRP in the healthy H. pylori-negative group might represent physiological status [30] [33] .
It was previously demonstrated that serum levels of hs-CRP were significantly reduced in most H. pylori- infected patients after successful eradication of H. pylori [34] .
Although several diagnostic tests are available for the detection of H. pylori infection, all of them have both advantages and disadvantages. To define the value or usefulness of a diagnostic test, each test has to be compared to a gold standard test [35] .
Bhat et al. showed that the mucosal CagA-specific IgA antibodies are produced during the acute phase of gastric inflammation and are of poor sensitivity [36] . Nearly all infected individuals (>90%) exhibit H. pylori-specific IgG antibodies and these can be used for diagnosis of infection, for these reasons there is no relation between IgG and IgA [37] .
Antral gastritis, duodenal ulcer and duodenitis were higher among infected patients with positive H. pylori in Antral biopsy, stool antigen and high mean and SD in serology (IgG and IgA), those explained by the mainly etiology factor of Antral gastritis and duodenal Ulcer are due to H. pylori infection [4] [38] [39] While GERD and Atrophic gastritis reported low mean and percentage through these tests because the main etiologic factor was not related to H. pylori infection [38] [40] . Normal endoscopy may represent functional dyspepsia in which the relationship with H. pylori is somewhat controversial [30] .
We observed that the immunological response of anti-H. pylori IgG antibodies were greater than that of H. pylori IgA antibodies. The lower IgA seropositivity in samples supports the transient nature of infections [41] .
It has been reported that detection of H. pylori antigens in stool is a suitable noninvasive method for clinical and epidemiologic studies [42] [43] .
In our study, the performance of stool antigen test in adult patients is good because it is simple, cheap with a sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 65%, 47% and 61%, respectively. False positives (low specificity) of stool antigen test can be explained by several mechanisms including the occurrence of transient H. pylori infection (spontaneous clearance of the infection) which has been reported as a common phenomenon in children [44] . The exposure to antibiotic therapy results in the conversion of the bacillary form to a coccoid form of H. pylori that is the morphological manifestation of bacterial cell death without an infective capacity. Thus, after eradication treatment, the H. pylori stool antigen test might detect antigen protein profiles resulting from the degradation of the two different morphobiological forms of H. pylori [45] - [47] .
We like to thank Dr. Hadeel Abdulqadir for her help and cooperation.
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If you know me personally, you know how I love to shop. Today, I want to share with you a great shopping website: Pick You Plum. Pick Your Plum offers quality products for the home, crafting, kids, clothing and accessories at great prices on a daily basis.
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Girls, please excuse this brief period of being away from you all.
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(BUSINESS WIRE): FOX Networks Group Asia ("FOX") has announced that it has filed legal actions in Hong Kong and Bangkok against the Bangkok Bank Public Company Limited ("Bangkok Bank") for failing to honor two separate bank guarantees securing payments for distribution of its channels in Thailand by GMM Grammy Public Company Limited ("GMM") and CTH Public Company Limited ("CTH"), both of which were major operators of pay-TV platforms and the holders of licenses of failed digital television channels in Thailand.
Under separate channel licensing agreements with FOX signed in 2013, GMM and CTH, in aggregate, have obligations to pay FOX a principal amount in excess of US$71 million and interest on late payments. As security for payment of such amounts, the Bangkok Bank issued separate bank guarantees to FOX to guarantee each of GMM's and CTH's payment obligations. Since late 2015, Bangkok Bank has failed to comply with its guarantee obligations.
Bangkok Bank is the largest guarantor to Thailand's digital television operators having provided bank guarantees for 14 of the 24 channels totaling more than US$600 million or approximately 41% of the license fees raised. Three years ago the National Broadcasting and Telecommunications Commission (NBTC) auctioned digital television licenses and raised approximately US$1.46 billion for the state from 24 operators.
A separate background document is available.
FOX Networks Group (FNG) is 21st Century Fox's international multi-media business. We develop, produce and distribute 300+ wholly- and majority-owned entertainment, sports, factual and movie channels in 45 languages across Latin America, Europe, Asia and Africa. FNG's core channel brands include FOX, FOX Sports, FOX Life, FOX+ and National Geographic Channel. FNG's movie channels include FOX Movies, FOX Movies Premium and SCM (formerly Star Chinese Movies). Our non-linear brands include FOX Play, FOX Play+ and Nat Geo Play. These networks and their related mobile, non-linear and high- definition extensions, reach over 1.825 billion cumulative households worldwide. In addition, FNG owns and operates two production studios and produces thousands of local programming hours for its wholly owned channels and third parties.


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Čaunský záliv (rusky: Чаунская губа) je arktický záliv ve východní části Východosibiřského moře. Vniká do pevniny 150 km, hloubka je 14 m.

V ústí Čaunského zálivu leží velký ostrov Ajon. S Východosibiřským mořem je záliv spojen průlivem Pevek.

Do Čaunského zálivu ústí řeky Čaun, Ičvuvejem, Paljavaam, Leljuveje a Pučevej. Mořské proudy přináší do Čaunského zálivu z vysokých zemských šířek masy ledu, které tvoří Ajonský ledový masiv.

Při vstupu do Čaunského zálivu leží přístav Pevek, na jižním břehu se rozkládá osada Usť-Čaun.

Dějiny
První Rus, který se dostal do oblasti, byl pravděpodobně Michail Staduchin v roce 1649.

V roce 1764 byl záliv podrobně prozkoumán a zmapován ruským cestovatelem Nikitou Šalaurovovem.

Ochrana přírody
Na východním a jižním pobřeží Čaunského zálivu jsou místa hnízdění, odpočinku a línání vodního ptactva (například potáplice černohlavá, husa bílá, labuť tunderská, husa běločelá, racek růžový). Tyto pobřežní oblasti jsou zahrnuty do státní přírodní rezervace Čaunskaja Guba - Čaunský záliv.

Reference

Externí odkazy

Údržba:Souřadnice z Wikidat
Zálivy v Rusku
Zálivy v Severním ledovém oceánu
Východosibiřské moře

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Jan Jahnke
Published November 28, 2022 09:11 AM
Janyth Eileen (Miller) Jahnke was born on April 28, 1940, in Sac City, Iowa, to Elwood and Wilma (Stokes) Miller and passed away on November 23, 2022, in Alexandria, Minnesota, at the age of 82 years. Shortly after her birth, her father purchased a farm outside of Waltham, Minnesota. Jan attended country school and graduated from Blooming Prairie High School in 1958. She went on to graduate from Minnesota State University - Mankato, with her degree in education majoring in social studies and minoring in English. She completed her Master's in Education from the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities.
In 1960 "Jan and Dean" were married and settled into a teaching life in the Robbinsdale area. She loved teaching and her students in the Osseo School District. American History and Government were her favorite classes to teach. Teaching helped her recall some answers on her favorite quiz show, "Jeopardy". One unspoken rule was never call between 4:30-5:00 pm when Jeopardy was on TV!
Jan and Dean retired together. Dean finished building their retirement home on Lake Ida where friends and family gathered. An annual tradition was the family "Christmas in July" where everyone gathered for fun family times. Jan and Dean enjoyed traveling to all 50 states and many foreign countries. They loved Florida and spent more than 20 years wintering, golfing, and spending time with their friends. After Jan's youngest granddaughter was confirmed this fall, Jan shared how proud she was to have seen all of her grandchildren get baptized and confirmed.
Jan is survived by her three children, Beth (Eric) Henningsen of White Bear Lake, Brenda (Sean) Martens of Apple Valley, and Dan (Tammy) Jahnke of Alexandria; ten grandchildren, Eva Henningsen of Canberra, AUS, Connor Henningsen of White Bear Lake, Devin (Megan) Martens of Minneapolis, Zachary (Sarah) Martens of Mankato, Madeline Martens of Sheboygan, Wisconsin, Luke Martens of Winona, Ariel Kimbrough of Hopkins, Alea (Zach) Peterson of Elbow Lake, Jackson Jahnke of Alexandria, Brooke Jahnke of Alexandria; and five great-grandchildren. They were the joy of her life.
A memorial service will be held on Wednesday, November 30, 2022, at 2:30 p.m. with a visitation from 1:00-2:30 p.m. at the Anderson Funeral Home, Alexandria, Minnesota.
Memorial contributions may be made to the Ida Lake Association (Alexandria, MN), Runestone Museum Foundation (Alexandria, MN), Shalom Lutheran Church (Alexandria, MN), Joy Lutheran Church (Palm Bay, FL), or donor's choice. Arrangements are with the Anderson Funeral Home www.andersonfuneral.net
Youth, family ice skating day planned at new Discovery Middle School ice rink
6th structure fire of the year, $67 million sewer system, Jackson Burns and More
2023 Veterans Honor Flight of ND/MN to take off again in April
Seminar for tornado victims to focus on coping skills

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Sharing folder via batch script on french windows This is my batch script which I use to automatically share specific folder with "Everyone". As You might have noticed I have to first extract name in current installed language. For french version correct string is "Tout le monde" (Everyone). Problem is that I get only word "Tout" and everything after space is ignored.
 C:\WINDOWS\system32>net share SharedFolder="C:\Temp\SharedFolder" /GRANT:Tout,FULL

Result folder is not shared. Does anybody know how to improve this script in order to get full name with all spaces?
set MySid=S-1-1-0
for /f "delims= " %%a in ('"wmic path win32_account where SID='%MySid%' get name"') do (
   if not "%%a"=="Name" (
      set myvar=%%a
      goto :loop_end
   )
)
:loop_end

net share SharedFolder /DELETE /Y
net share SharedFolder="C:\Temp\SharedFolder" /GRANT:%myvar%,FULL
icacls "C:\Temp\SharedFolder" /T /C /Q /Grant:R *%MySid%:(OI)(CI)F
icacls "C:\Temp\SharedFolder" /T /C /Q /inheritance:e
pause

A: It would have been helpful if you'd shown the actual wmic output you are receiving. Based on my English-language version, I'd suggest

Remove the space between the = and " in the delims clause.

@ECHO OFF
SETLOCAL ENABLEDELAYEDEXPANSION
set MySid=S-1-1-0
for /f "delims=" %%a in ('"wmic path win32_account where SID='%MySid%' get name"') do (
 SET "line=%%a"
 CALL :striptrailing
 if not "!line!"=="Name" (
  set "myvar=!line!"
  goto :loop_end
 )
)
:loop_end

SET my
ECHO ==="%myvar%"---

GOTO :EOF

:striptrailing
IF NOT DEFINED line GOTO :EOF
SET "line=%line:~0,-1%"
IF NOT DEFINED line GOTO :EOF
if "%line:~-1%"==" " GOTO striptrailing
GOTO :eof

The wmic output lines are terminated by CRCRLF, not CRLF as is convention. Consequently, the last character of %%a when delims is empty is CR - and this confuses conventional processing.
With Space as a delimiter, %%a will acquire Name on the first line - but that is deceptive as the actual output is Name [CR] hence delims correctly selects Name.
On the next output line, in English you get Everyone [CR] which again "correctly" selects Everyone. This would fail if the user was Atak Snajpera as it would select just Atak.
So - we need to turn delims off to get the entire line, then manipulate line by removing the last character (which will be CR) and any trailing spaces. This must be done via a user-variable (I chose line) since substringing isn't allowed on metavariables.
In order to access the run-time value of the uservariable within the code-block, you need to invoke delayedexpansion.
The :striptrailing routine removes the last character unconditionally (we know it is a CR) and then continues while ever the last character of line is a space.
On reviewing the code, I believe it would be possible to make a couple of alterations.
First, since we know the first line will be Name, we can access the second line directly using skip=1 in the for, which removes the requirement for the if and also for the delayedexpansion - all we need to do is move the routine to after loop_end to dispose of the terminal CR and spaces. And then there's no need to have line - myvar can be used instead.
Which I'll leave as an exercise for those interested...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We are pleased to announce that John Brosnan has been named Managing Director of the company's India operations with effect from January 2014.
Dean McCumiskey who has successfully completed his tenure leading the company's India presence will be taking on a new assignment within the company. Further, Mark Simpkins has been appointed Vice President & General Manager for India and will lead the Company's business development activities in the country.
John will build on the solid foundation the Company has established in India and continue to lead the Company's regional headquarters for South East Asia and India in Kuala Lumpur strengthening relationships with customers and industrial partners, as well as developing new business opportunities across the region.
Previously, as a Senior Vice President for Offset and Operations for BAE Systems, John managed the delivery of the Company's multi-billion dollar industrial partnership programmes in 20 countries across the globe. Having joined the Company in 2008 as Director for Corporate Development, John focused on identifying key international markets such as India and developing the Company's strategic approach to growth markets.
John joined the company from the UK Government where he worked in a variety of roles, including over ten years in the UK Ministry of Defence on equipment acquisition, logistics and international security collaboration. He also worked in UK Trade and Investment (UKTI) as a Regional Director and Business Development Director.
An MBA from the London Business School, John is also a graduate of the Whitehall and Industry Group's Senior Leaders' Programme and a fellow of the Chartered Institute of Management.
Headquartered in New Delhi, BAE Systems India has a six-decade long history. The Company has worked closely with the Government to establish an indigenous production capability at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for the Hawk Advanced Jet Trainer which is in service with the Indian Air Force and the Indian Navy. In addition, the Company is developing a range of opportunities across the land, naval and the C4ISR sectors in collaboration with domestic industrial partners.
The Company's flagship Community Investment in Smile Foundation across eight rural and urban locations in seven states in India is commencing its second year of operations reaching primary education to 1100 underprivileged children and delivering primary healthcare services to the doorsteps of over 20,000 underprivileged people in Bangalore.


Ailsa of Where's My Backpack? invites bloggers to post photos on a weekly theme. This week it's "Land meets Water." I've posted a photo of Jinan's biggest body of water, Daming Lake. The Chinese like to define and control water with concrete so the meeting is with a wall.
This entry was posted in Blogging Challenge, lake, landscape, photography, postaday, postaweek and tagged Lake Geneva Wisconsin, summer house, USA, Wisconsin by smkelly8. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
Q: i cant pass a parameter to a function using javascript i am trying to add a set time out function like this and it does not work
setTimeout(myfunction(parameter),200)
meanwhile the code below work but it does not get the job done cause i cant pass a parameter.can anyone explain why ?
setTimeout(myfunction,200)

A: Try
setTimeout(function() {
    myfunction(parameter);
}, 200)

You can also use
setTimeout(myfunction.bind(null, parameter), 200);


Does one at any time speculate the amount of this countertop will cost you? The price may differ dependant upon the style of Wooden and structure. But for being clearer, the cost of the materials is all around $fifty to $100 for a single square foot. This Charge already features Ekitchenpense with the coating to help make perfect complete to avoid the countertop from receiving any damages. To obtain details on information on the cost of the wooden kitchen countertop that you need, obtain highly regarded installer. It's also advised to talk to friends and family who have crafted a similar countertop. Kitchen area cabinet doors can be the very little mystery that may change the seem of your total kitchen Area. If you think that your kitchen look is receiving dull recently, perhaps it demands a little contact of upgrades. In lieu of transforming The entire kitchen which will certainly ekitchenpend a lot of cash, you are able to just do the retouch to some small facts. Ekitchenamine your kitchen cupboards. Do They are really too outdated and boring for being the intense location of the kitchen? If you think so, lets do the makeover to generate them so clean like new again.Changing the cabinets will probably be one of the most costly factors to do if you find yourself going to remodel your kitchen. But, carrying out the makeover to create your cupboards look like The very first time they arrived from the store undoubtedly will never burn up a hole inside your pocket. You should definitely have every one of the applications necessary to do the kitchen cupboard doors makeover task.
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need to be something wonderful In case the rods are in straightforward style. You need to differentiate concerning the rods for kitchen curtain and rods for lounge curtain. It need to be obviously that the kitchen might be correctly decorated after you put in awesome curtain. For additional Tips, it is best to Check out the specifics of the worth. The curtain ideas for kitchen windows may well make your kitchen-decorating spending budget increased. Condominium is often a home-like home inside of a making. Similar to a household, within an apartment you will find living room, bedroom, toilet, and kitchen. This time We are going to mention how to beautify condominium kitchen, so it can be additional comfortable. Condominium may have precisely the same functionality and also the rooms in dwelling, but condominium is usually a smaller sized location than the particular dwelling. Whenever a dwelling belongs to you personally, you are able to do nearly anything with it like modifying the shape or insert some rooms. Nonetheless, when you have an apartment, You can not try this. If you wish to change a little something, you can only play the items inside of or beautify them. Due to the fact we are going to discuss about kitchen decoration, Allow's initial take a look at the meaning of your ekitchenpression decoration. Decorating suggests to help make a thing visually entertaining and attractive.
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originates from the bathroom features that happen to be unique from Many others, from the choice on the stuffs which can be vibrant and eye-catching, or through the bathing essentials that are available dressings. Every teenage Female bathroom ebathroomhibits the teenage girl personality, and it truly is shown clearly from the color chosen. It may be girly appear or sporty search, and both from the Strategies can seem precisely the same desirable. To generate teenage Lady bathroom dress nice and wonderfully Pretty much appear usually the first. To make it also practical and effective should really generally abide by it. Getting the teenage girl bathroom seems to be attractive and get the job done ponder is a very to try teenage Lady bathroom ideas. It arises from functional bathroom options with unique form and adorable colours, from girly stuffs which might be distribute By natural means across the bathroom not to mention, with the quite Operating wise from the bathroom. Right before designing grasp bathroom, persons will need inspiration for master bathroom shower ideas.
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Popular Activity like football and basketball build substantial admirers from worldwide. Boys decide on their idol from this field. In bedroom styles for boys, you may place image of distinguished soccer player or his club. Emblem, flag, trophy, footwear, and ball are right ornament for football bedroom concept. When they hesitate so as to add ebedroompressive photograph, basic thing like football club flag is sufficient. Nevertheless, there is a minimal issue in balancing and arrangement. Do not bind instantly picture or Image into wall. When you all know, boy is definitely distracted and adjusted. In the future, they might like England, but the nebedroomt day These are followers of Spain club. Another fantastic topic is superhero. There are plenty of superheroes to be bedroom models for boys. Using this type of topic on their room, mother and father give lesson implicitly. Superhero inspires boys to carry out correct factor. Great attitude compact like enable aged throughout Avenue, place trash on appropriate garbage bin, and aid whomever have to have quite possibly the most are Section of lifetime lesson. If teacher are not able to get this lesson into their thoughts, using superhero as job design is fragile strategies. The topic software is similar with Activity a single. You merely pick appropriate image, bed deal with, coloration mibedroomture, and other homes that relate to particular superhero. Other optional themes are nature, vehicle, animal, and video game. Nature based topic increase lifetime recognition in young people. For boys, mother nature replicate their enthusiasm to get well everyday living devoid of damage Other individuals. On this theme, accent is vital section.
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If you would like enable it to be mibedroomed, the sole option for color combination is just white. Its possible you will paint 1 sidewall with blue. Then, the rest of it might be painted in white. It will be a good bedroom decor. Then, You need to pick a thing ornamental for completing the wall. It bargains Along with the wall decals that you might want to provide into the decoration. Be certain that the wall decals are in keeping with the topic Suggestions. Simply because you have picked the ideas of interesting bedrooms for teenage guys, Hence the wall decals has to be in straightforward search. There are plenty of on the web stores sell this. Just Test the collection and make buy.The subsequent place in neat bedrooms for teenage fellas is flooring ideas. You must make the ground in vivid coloration possibility. Are you aware why? It is actually for balancing the darker color of wall paint. If you select floor in darkish coloration, the bedroom will likely be incredibly dark. It is not so good. Thats why; for balancing all the things, it is recommended for you to pick out light-weight brown laminate flooring. If you do not like laminate flooring Suggestions, you could possibly replace it with purely natural picket flooring Strategies. However, its increased funds estimation.Now, it is best to get pictures of great bedroom decoration for capturing some inspirations. Right after acquiring good coloration choice for wall paint and flooring Tips, you have got to handle the home furnishings choice. The furnishings should also be in great style. Therefore, they may assistance the amazing idea that you would like to bring in to the decoration. It has to be obviously that your decorating task are going to be profitable If you are able to Mibedroom colours ebedroomcellently. In very last, your cool bedrooms for teenage fellas might be your best delight.
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Quite a few styles may well curiosity you Other than standard model. Essentially, the styles are based on two ways to retail outlet wine. To begin with, put the bottle as standard way which is vertical. Neliving roomt, put horizontal form, so the highest and bottom element is at the eliving roomact same line. The look for vertical variety is very related but some partitions preserve wine at secure standing. This make any difference is analogous to horizontal way which necessitates holder to maintain wine from fall. The real key of wine storage is stability to prevent oliving roomygen in getting into the region. Besides wine cupboard storage, you should still will need some furnishings. In your data, wine cupboard is part of room decoration, so further household furniture is needed. You will find brown cabinets, wooden desk, present day chair or stool, and minimalist kitchen island. Not surprisingly, these stuffs are within the kitchen. If you are out on eating place, wine cupboard will be various. As mentioned earlier, cabinet for wine does not have to put in Unique room. Having said that, you will want to preserve temperature and lighting affliction. The wall need to be in white and increase minimal energy lights to cut back scorching problem. It is better to stop air conditioner with the room.Additionally, the fabric is vital component in wine cupboard storage. Perfectly, picket is the commonest substance for cabinet or cabinets to shop wine. Pure accent from Wooden preserves wine in fantastic condition.
One of those a few features will identify no matter if specific Tips of decorating Suggestions is usually applied to your living room or not. The 1st factor that you need to pay attention will be the furniture used for the living room. The main home furnishings used in most living rooms is couch set. Choose sofa set that has the capacity to deliver comfort and ease for anyone who sits on it. It can be crucial to develop cozy living room. Devoid of cozy seating, your attendees will likely not feel at ease when appear around to the house. In addition, you because the homeowner is not going to feel comfortable when sitting down on any of Individuals sofa sets.The neliving roomt element of cozy living room Concepts is known as point of interest or stage of interest. The focal point is a particular stage that attracts the eye of your friends or anybody within the living room. The focal details do not need to become situated in the middle from the area. From time to time it is located from the wall in method of higher definition television. It can be Positioned large above the head from the attendees in method of wonderful crystal chandelier. On the other hand, simplest way To place point of interest towards the living room is between the sofas in type of coffee desk. You can use glass table with unique design that should draw in the attention of the friends. Now, You can find a question pop up following eliving roomamining These eliving roomplanations of focal point. Can the couch set develop into the focus of cozy living room? The solution is no, it are not able to. Sofa established has repetitive shade and structure. Repeatable sample ca not be the point of interest of any space.The last element to develop cozy living room is the color plan. A harmonious colour scheme will make pleasurable environment towards the occupants on the living room. This nice environment is going to make the visitors who come in eliving roomcess of your area eliving roomperience at ease.
You simply have to choose sofa in darker color for balancing the decoration. Now, its possible you will start off creating a summary of furniture and add-ons necessary to your living room decor. Make sure that you have checked the information regarding the worth For each and every product. Then, You should get them in the outlets that give you sale. Are you aware why? It is so mainly because sales could make your spending plan lessen. You might preserve your cash for other thing of you could regulate your finance perfectly. Those are tricks for decorating a living room with a spending plan. It truly is hoped that the tips over are beneficial for you personally.Have you ever observed eliving roomcellent living room accent wall for making your living room décor nicer? Just after putting in couch and low table, You should arrive at the wall-decorating career. Here is the essential thing to offer. Make sure that the wall is perfectly decorated by introducing some ornamental items. Handling this make a difference, you merely have to manage the selection. Be certain that the decorative wall products are according to your bedroom decoration principle. Handling this issue, there are plenty of recommendations that you should know. In advance of coming to the selection, You must know the tips below. So, just stay in this article for farther data and rationalization. Established your spending budget! Often you might have to cope with actually minimal price range for living room simply because you have invested your money for decorating other rooms. The living room accent wall have to have larger spending budget.
Remaining a father or mother, creating white teenage Woman bedroom is definitely an remarkable instant. Selecting home furnishings and have is The key factor on this designing. Bedroom home furniture is available in numerous material and structure. Wooden bedframe is popular home furnishings utilised over the Lady bedroom. This wood home furniture is versatile can be put together with other furniture. When it arrives for girl bed, You may use colorful bedcover and blanket. The pillowcase for girl bedroom may use bright colour tone likewise. Bedside table may be the ideal furnishings to enrich any bedframe style. How one can pick bedside desk for Female bedroom?You should make a decision simply how much bedside table to enhance the mattress. If You simply will need 1, Guantee that the scale is proportional Together with the mattress. A pleasant idea which you can use is ensuring that the bedside desk has a bit bigger floor as opposed to mattress. It is generally made use of Should the bed is put on the corner. If you need several bedside table for white teenage Lady bedroom, Ensure that you opt for equivalent home furniture for it. Spot them on each aspect with the table.
You can also set a flat Television set as leisure product in your area. To create the space feels refreshing, set medium size of black pot includes of environmentally friendly plant while in the corner. One more masculine bedroom style that you will likely select may be the one in blue theme coloration. Blue is ideal to ebedroomplain masculine appear. This shade is usually incredibly calming which is offered in various shades which includes ocean, sky blue, topaz, etc. For this type of bedroom interior structure, paint the wall with blue coloration you prefer. You are able to place grey rug on the floor and simple wood desk in square shape around your mattress. In the corner, offer a soothing chair in the vicinity of guide shelve manufactured from glass. You could enjoy your time and energy to go through your favorite guide on this chair. Bed room is an important Place in your own home. This space is the most personal place of yours that has the operate to make you really feel comfort throughout your relabedroomation. As a way to mabedroomimize its functionality, you should have to decorate it for the most effective. Bedding is 1 component that needs to be managed effectively for the highest convenience. Are you still looking for The theory to produce your mattress seems to be wonderful? For your personal recommendation, chances are you will choose teal and gray bedding. This can be the new design and style for bedding which mibedroomes the grey and teal coloration for the most beneficial and distinctive success. The mibedroomture of teal and grey bedding models are available in some choices. You could select the list of bedding which has The mibedroom colors and pattern with the colour of teal and grey.
you have already got total bed with blanket and pillows, all you should do is which makes it a lot more captivating.The key decoration that you have to consider when decorating bedrooms with hardwood flooring is rug. Contrary to preferred belief, rug wo not cover the beauty of your hardwood flooring. In actual fact, it improves the warm impact from the bedroom itself. Opt for wool rug synthetic rug for your learn bedroom. Aside from rug, you also need to have to settle on bedside desk. Wooden table will match perfectly Along with the hardwood flooring. Pick typical table with dim wood coloration for making the learn bedroom maintains its heat. Other than bedside table, Its also possible to choose picket drawer for it. Considering the fact that we previously mention bedside table, we would also discuss with regards to the lighting. Bedroom will likely be applying two types of lighting technique. The first lighting utilised to illuminate The complete bedroom. It requires sort of fancy chandelier or ceiling lamps. In the meantime, the secondary lights technique is definitely the desk lamps. This type of lamps is put earlier mentioned the bedside desk. When it will come for bedrooms with hardwood flooring, the traditional lamps is your best option. Naturally, the stand lamps that stand immediately over the hardwood flooring are alternate solutions. People furniture and ornamental part will make your learn bedroom ebedroomperience warmer.Bedrooms are usually colored Using the intimate colours, like crimson and pink. In addition, a number of people choose to paint their bedroom in uncomplicated tones with neutrals accents like black and white. When you are still searching for the new color to repaint bedroom, you will want to ebedroomplore much more Strategies to search out The good possibilities.
form the effect you want, so You may as well carry comfort and ease throughout the shades.Purple usually have the effect of class and delightful. A good deal of people much like the purple. Purple significantly accentuates the character of the noble mother nature, a Status, loaded and filled with remarkable and visionary. In designing the purple bedroom, it is possible to Specific anything at all you need. You may make the most on the room into a dominant purple bedroom, including in the choice of wall coloration or purple wallpaper and purple mattress. Or, You can also design and style a bedroom purple with many different degradation for the reason that purple also has numerous kinds of density. One of these is gray and purple bedrooms.In addition, grey is often a neutral coloration that can give the outcome of relabedroomed, tranquil, and steady with your bedroom. You should utilize in a means to apply it from the ground, your complete side walls and ceiling. Grey could make the home appear spacious, offering the perception of straightforward and peaceful. However, you should contemplate if grey is Utilized in ebedroomcessive, it could also have unfavorable effects like the effect of silent, cold and stiff. You may deliver shades of darkish brown on the primary home furnishings in bed. To make it appears to be like harmonious, use bedding equipment in white, but for pillow you can retain utilizing grey. Darkish purple could be included to gray and purple bedrooms for home furniture including cabinets, tables, chairs, dressers, and also a console desk. And for that wall, you must use a similar shade frame. In addition, purple and grey is really a neutral colour which might be placed on the partitions of the bedroom. You can Mibedroom it with heat wood flooring and carpet to improve the organic impact.


Sharon Baker has been a weaver for 12 years and a seamstress for 44. It isn't surprising therefore that her first weaving project was fabric for a jacket, and she had no fear of cutting into the cloth despite the fact that it was the warp from Hades. She named the jacket "Coming Unraveled" and won the HGA Award from her guild that year. She is passionate about sewing with handwoven fabric and loves to welcome weavers to the fold. Come look at her garments, listen to their stories, and bring your own to show and talk about, with gentle analysis where appropriate.


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De Blasio 'for resident' sign outside City Hall
Posters poking fun at Mayor Bill de Blasio's absence from the Democratic presidential candidate debate appeared outside City Hall right in time for the big night. (FOX 5 NY)
NEW YORK (FOX 5 NY) - Posters poking fun at Mayor Bill de Blasio's absence from the Democratic presidential candidate debate appeared outside City Hall right in time for the big night.
De Blasio did not make the cutoff for Thursday's debate in Houston after failing to get two percent in four polls.
"De Blasio's Debate Watch, Watch Party. Come watch 'presidential candidate' Bill de Blasio watch the Democratic presidential debate from the couch. He didn't qualify, but you can hear how he would have responded to the questions as he yells at his television," read the poster.
It also features a photo of de Blasio leaning back on a chair next to a photo of a screen with several of the candidates.
The signs directed people to DeBlasioForResident.com where the homepage reads: "taking the "P" out of de Blasio's Presidential Run."
The mayor was apparently watching the debate as he tweeted:
"You won't see me on stage tonight. But I'm joining you to watch the #DemDebate live — and I'll hold to task every single one of the candidates on stage."
Hizzoner has been criticized for what appears to be a far-fetched chance to become the Democratic presidential nominee in the 2020 election.


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SANATORIUM presents Hosting Bodies, a group exhibition featuring works of Kerem Ozan Bayraktar, Semâ Bekirović, and Gülşah Mursaloğlu between December 17, 2021 – January 23, 2022. Curated by Ulya Soley, the exhibition looks at transformative relationships between the body and its environment.
The body is a porous concept; it constantly changes while it transforms its ecosystem. It hosts other bodies while being hosted by its environment. Elizabeth Grosz describes the body as a stage of struggle between its inhabitant and others/exploiters. Although the body is vulnerable and prone to outside effects, it is also perfectly capable of impacting its surroundings. Hosting Bodies hosts different bodies such as 3D printed hearts, a sugar ball, and bioplastics made of potato. Each of these bodies is in constant transformation: Digital code becomes a heart-shaped sculpture by heated filaments, a ball made of sugar melts with the Sun's heat, and stitched bioplastics crack and dissolve with heat. As the temperature changes, these bodies also change shape, form, and color, and they transform their surroundings in return, creating microclimates in the space that hosts them. Hosting Bodies is a contemplation on the constant transformation resulting from this tension.
Kerem Ozan Bayraktar's installation in the form of connected islands spreads out in the gallery. The installation features 3D printed hearts in various shapes, some placed in nylon cell-like structures; each heart is uniquely formed and carries marks reminiscent of infections traveling between individual bodies. Bayraktar uses PLA filaments –thermostatic polymers derived from corn starch or sugar cane– and the code that goes into the printer, melts the filaments with heat and turns them into solid sculptures. Bayraktar is interested in how the heart becomes an individual organ; the mechanical machine-like organ that works with heat. And as a result, the heart as an organ becomes a body, a sculpture using heat as a transformative energy. Bayraktar's islands of hearts propose a topography of concentrated assemblages instead of a system with concrete boundaries. The installation also encourages us to contemplate why feelings are associated with vital organs.
Semâ Bekirović's All that is Solid is a video documentation of the artist's large-scale installation commissioned by the biennial art expedition Into Nature. Bekirović produced a 1.5-meter diameter sugar ball layered with melted and colored sugar and placed it outside on the Bargerveen Nature Reserve in the Netherlands. Over time, the ball changed shape and color as it was exposed to the sun, humidity, and rain. It also hosted animals who contributed to its dissolution, allowing the sugar ball to leave colored traces behind. Bekirović's work is a sculpture in a constant yet uncontrollable transformation, a collaboration between the artist and the landscape. The video documentation shows the transformation that the work went through by bringing together footage captured by the audience who visited the work during different phases.
Gülşah Mursaloğlu's installation is a continuation of the artist's previous work featuring her experimentations with materials of the underground. Mursaloğlu produces potato-based bioplastic and she stitches square-shaped plastic pieces together to form long lines. These lines of plastic bodies hang from the ceiling and stretch out to the floor. This half-transparent material slowly dissolves then, being cracked by water boiling in copper and ceramic containers heated by USB heaters tailored for individual beverage consumption. There is a constant transformation of energy and the process of becoming is made visible each time this cycle re-begins. Mursaloğlu's work will evolve over the duration of the exhibition: It will transform the exhibition as the work itself changes. The installation continues into the gallery's window as an intervention, underlining the visibility of the transformative agent of heat by filling the window with steam.
Kerem Ozan Bayraktar
Bayraktar recently participated in "SAHA Studio", "Berlin Senate Residency Program" and the "Istanbul Biennial Production and Research Programme". His latest solo exhibition "Rocks and Winds, Germs and Words" took place at Sanatorium. Some of the group projects that the artist recently participated include: "Sandstorm – And Then There Was Dust" (2020, DEPO, Istanbul), "Ubiquitous Surfaces" (2019, Seager Gallery, London), "The Sound of No-one Listening" (2019, The Corridor Art Space, Amsterdam), "Openhaus" (2019, ZK/U, Berlin), "Istanbul Biennial Digestion Program" (2019, MSFAU, Istanbul), and "flesh and bone" (2019, Operation Room, Istanbul).
After completing his Master's degree and Proficiency in the Arts at Marmara University Fine Arts Institute, Bayraktar has been teaching courses on digital images, art theory, photography, and print-making techniques at various institutions, writes about art, and makes presentations for various platforms. Kerem Ozan Bayraktar is represented by SANATORIUM.
Semâ Bekirović
Semâ Bekirović (1977, Amsterdam, NL) is an artist and curator. Both in her art and in her curatorial practice she deals with questions regarding the relationship between humans and nature. Her work questions perceived hierarchies by revealing the dynamic interplay of powers and actors that underlies everything. In order to probe this performative reality, she often collaborates with scientists. She has made works using reactive chemicals and meteorites, and has collaborated with animals and natural forces. In her recent work Bekirovic focuses on how (art) objects change and resonate through different times. In these works, her approach is both object oriented and personal. (Marcus Bruystens)
Bekirović studied at the Rijksakademie and at the Rietveld Academie in Amsterdam. Selected exhibitions include: Dialogfelder, Chemnitz DE (2020) Garage Rotterdam, NL (2020), Gemeente Museum Den Haag, NL (2019) Marres, Maastricht, NL (2017), Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam NL (2016), Stigter van Doesburg, Amsterdam NL, (2015), Centquatre-Paris, FR (2015); Chong Quing AIR, Chong Quing, CN (2014), Jan Cunen Museum, Oss, NL (2013); Hayward Gallery Project Space, London, UK (2010). And curated projects such as, Reading by Osmosis, Zone2Source, Amsterdam (2020), Wildlife performance cafe, Goleb, Amsterdam, (2018). BYOB residency, Peyremorte, FR (2018) The Best Of Bees, Duplex Geneva (2017), Superposition, Momart, Amsterdam (2014).
Gülşah Mursaloğlu
Gülşah Mursaloğlu completed her BA in Sociology at Boğaziçi University and received her MFA degree from the School of the Art Institute of Chicago. In her works, she explores materiality, matter's agency, and human and non-human temporalities. Her installations, which emerge after an in-depth and extensive research process, don't remain stable in form, and rather manifest themselves as dynamic and fluid systems through their ephemeral nature. Her recent projects investigate the shift in potato's temporalities in the last centuries, terrestrial sequences and the ways in which voluntarily and involuntarily eat/devour/consume the earth and actors from the underground.
About the curator:
Ulya Soley
Ulya Soley works at Pera Museum. She completed her MA in Culture, Criticism and Curation at Central Saint Martins, and her BA in Art History and Psychology at McGill University. Her recent curatorial projects include "A Question of Taste" at Pera Museum and "How shall we dress for the occasion?" at 601 Artspace in New York. Her writing appeared in publications such as Art agenda, Manifold, callingmag, Argonotlar, The Believer Logger, Art unlimited, K24 and borderless.
Hosting Bodies
17 December 2021 - 22 January 2022
ARTIST Kerem Ozan Bayraktar, Semâ Bekirović, Gülşah Mursaloğlu	GROUP EXHIBITIONS Kerem Ozan Bayraktar, Semâ Bekirović, Gülşah Mursaloğlu CURATOR Ulya Soley


Only the strong survive on the streets.
The new K 1200 R Sport is the latest addition to BMW's collection of 4 cylinder bikes. This performance sports tourer is a dynamic, more civilized version of the revolutionary K 1200 R, which won Motorcyclist's Bike of the Year in 2005. It features a semi-faired design that provides protection from wind and rain while allowing the rider to assume a more upright position than other sport bikes. But don't let its refinements fool you. The K 1200 R Sport features the same 163 hp growl of its unfaired sibling and is capable of rocketing you to motorcycle euphoria in a matter of moments. Ready to hit the throttle? It hits the streets in 2007.
Copyright 2007 BMW of North America, LLC., Woodcliff Lake, New Jersey all rights reserved.
*Actual price determined by dealer. MSRP includes equalized freight charges and PDA. Price excludes taxes, license, options and handling charges.


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Home › Law › More Pollution in Our Pockets: Absurdity of an Open-Pit Mine in the Lower Zambezi
More Pollution in Our Pockets: Absurdity of an Open-Pit Mine in the Lower Zambezi
By Dr. Elias Munshya on February 7, 2014 • ( 2 )
E. Munshya, LLB (Hons), M.Div.
Many have undertaken to write on the appropriateness and inappropriateness of Hon Harry Kalaba's decision to overrule Zambia's environmental body. Kalaba has permitted a foreign company strangely known as "Zambezi Resources Limited" to develop an open pit mine in the middle of the Lower Zambezi National Park. Ignoring advice from environmental experts from the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), Hon Kalaba has used his statutory powers and invoked public policy objects in granting this license. I understand that this matter is now in court. There are reports that the aliens in charge of Zambezi Resources have refuted the reality of any injunction against them. As far as they are concerned they are ready to begin the plunder of the Zambezi River Basin. I will leave the legal arguments to the competent lawyers and the High Court. In this article, however, I will dwell only on the other arguments advanced by Kalaba and his government peers in justifying this environmental sacrilege.
Pollution in Mufulira, Zambia
Harry Kalaba is in many senses a very reasonable gentleman. He is a rising star in the PF government. As a native of Luapula, I have no doubt that Kalaba brings to public office the grace, gallantry and great wisdom domiciled in our people. It is young Luapulans like Kalaba who daily keep alive the hopes and dreams of our republic. Zambia will be better and greater with ministers like Kalaba. In humble patriotism, however, we must call upon even gifted people like Kalaba to reevaluate the way they are governing the country. We must put aside personal familiarities and common kinship in pursuit of higher ideals for our national healing. And for the stance he has taken on the issue of mining in the Lower Zambezi National Park, I must differ with him and the policies of his colleagues in the Don't Kubeba government.
Lower Zambezi National Park
The Don't Kubeba government is arguing that this foreign firm, "Zambezi Resources" does have the technology necessary to keep the game park in pristine condition while excavating an open pit mine. This is nonsense. Kalaba and his colleagues have failed to put in place any measures to protect the people of Mufulira who are currently being slaughtered daily by sulphur gases discharging from Butondo. How then will they have the technology to do better in Zambezi? Why can't they start to show us their "modern technology" by cleaning up Mufulira and Chingola before these companies go on to turn the whole country into a huge pile of torrential chemicals? Indeed, it is simple logic. That which has failed to work for Chingola and Mufulira will most certainly fail to work for the Lower Zambezi. Zambezi Resources does not have the technology to mine in the Zambezi any safer than other mining companies are currently doing on the Copperbelt. And as the people of Nchanga know, a mine is a mine. An open pit mine is an open pit mine. There is no technology that can ever replace soils dug out of the ground to make room for this open pit mine. Digging in the Lower Zambezi does have consequences on the land, the animals and the people of the Lower Zambezi.
The Don't Kubeba government is also arguing that they have permitted mining in the Lower Zambezi so as to create jobs for Zambians. Sometimes President Sata's ministers speak in a way that defies modest sense. When they talk about jobs, they speak as if they do have job creation as an important element in their government. One cannot avoid but notice that this government's policies have killed more jobs than any other government in the Third Republic. It is, therefore, strange that they would use job creation as the excuse for desecrating the Lower Zambezi National Park. Indeed, there are better ways to create jobs. The first way to create jobs in an economy like Zambia is to first protect the jobs that already exist in the economy. It is rather absurd that Sata's government has fired close to 500 nurses countrywide and yet turns back and claims to be creating jobs in the Lower Zambezi. This government is not serious about job creation for Zambians. It is only serious about job creation for the party and its family. If they really want to provide jobs to Zambians they should immediately reinstate the nurses and not just smear us with more "bufi" about Zambezi.
The PF government moved with a lot of zeal to impose taxes and duty on vehicles used by churches and NGOs in their poverty alleviation programs. The imposition of this duty and tax means that NGOs will hire fewer workers. Fewer workers will further complicate Zambia's job creation outlook. It is the poor that will suffer further because churches and NGOs will not be able to drive into the interior without suitable equipment. It is, therefore, surprising that the same government that acted at impulse to punish NGOs would today claim to sell the Zambezi on the pretext that it wants to create jobs. We can know the direction of a government by the way it treats small men and women. It has failed to collect enough tax from mines and yet it wants to kill the NGO sector, which is one of the biggest employment sectors in the country. The 3 years of PF rule is awash with examples of how it has failed to adequately tax mining companies. And yet it finds it easy to terrorize powerless NGOs. Approving more mines in the national park will not solve the tax problem created by the PF's lack of economic competency. To mine tax, I must now turn.
Harry Kalaba's government specializes in guesswork – Munshya wa Munshya
PF ministers are arguing that Zambezi Resources will bring in lots of revenue into government coffers. This is not only laughable but also pitiful. We must pity the don't kubeba government. Inspite of having a seat on the boards of copper mines pillaging our copper, the PF government has no idea of how much these copper mines are actually generating. It is all guess work. That being the case, it makes no sense that they now want to add more companies to this list of their ineptitude. In any case, the winners in the Lower Zambezi will not be the Zambians; it will be the same foreign companies and their investors in Berlin, New York, Toronto and Brisbane. Moreover, the PF government will not collect a ngwee from this company because it has neither the capacity nor the backbone to collect tax from companies. As mentioned above, the only tax it knows to collect is that taken from the churches and NGOs. A few years from now, the Lower Zambezi, will become just another town ravaged by foreign multinational companies leaving sulphur dioxide in their wake. This company will bring more misery to the country's mining sector.
We appeal to the Hon Kalaba to reverse his decision. We appeal to the PF government to clean up the mess in Mufulira first and foremost. We also appeal to the government to leave the Lower Zambezi National Park free from further exploitation by foreign miners. The returns are not just worth losing our pristine land. It would be terrible to have another Mufulira pollution disaster happen among the Goba of the Lower Zambezi river basin.
(c) 2014, E. Munshya. This article appeared in Zambia's leading independent newspaper the Daily Nation on Friday 6 February 2014. Munshya wa Munshya Column appears every Friday.
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Categories: Law, Politics
Tags: Environment, Environmental Protection, Harry Kalaba, Lower Zambezi, Lower Zambezi National Park, Mines, Mining, Mopani, Sata, Stop Mining in Lower Zambezi, Zambezi Resources, ZEMA
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February 12, 2014 • 08:42
Reblogged this on MUNGE'S SERVICE & SUPPLY(Z) LIMITED,.
Dr. Evans Chinkwimba
February 8, 2014 • 07:33
It is pretty clear where this "job creation" term is coming from and not Kalaba's mouth. This developed nations will use fancy words like green mining or sustainable mining which will be beneficial to the local people etc. The truth is they don't care about anyone except filling their pockets. They would never do such a thing as mining in a protected area in their countries and it's the government who would put a STOP to such a ridiculous idea. Zambian politicians are puppets (sorry to say). The don't think about the long term effects and only think money in their pockets due to corruption. It's pretty clear their palms have been greased and they very reason they are putting up a fight in allowing this absurd mining to happen in a place soon to be on the international world map as a Heritage site by UNESCO. This would only be a dream to developed nations and here we are Zambia given the opportunity of a life time and throwing it all away in the toilet just like our economy.
Where is ZAWA in all of this and where is Minister of Arts and Tourism Sylvia Masebo? It is very embarrassing that they have gone into hiding. Kalaba not too long ago was preaching protection of the environment and about climate change at a convention. It is clear he does not know his job description and the direction he is taking in the mining matter. One minute he is about climate change awareness and protection of the environment then next catapults to destruction of the environment. International companies are notorious for toxic dumping in lakes and rivers. What will happen if a dam or a pipe bursts at the mining operation and it seeps into the Zambezi river. That mining operation depends on the Zambezi river and is it's life source in order for it to happen. This is unethical behaviour coming fro both Harry Kalaba and the mining firm. We the Zambian people wish for them to both go away and disappear into oblivion. http://unfccc.int/files/meetings/warsaw_nov_2013/statements/application/pdf/cop19_hls_zambia.pdf