text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.

package com.azure.core.util;

import com.azure.core.http.HttpHeaderName;
import com.azure.core.http.HttpHeaders;
import com.azure.core.http.rest.PagedFlux;
import com.azure.core.http.rest.Response;
import com.azure.core.implementation.AsynchronousByteChannelWriteSubscriber;
import com.azure.core.implementation.ByteBufferCollector;
import com.azure.core.implementation.OutputStreamWriteSubscriber;
import com.azure.core.implementation.RetriableDownloadFlux;
import com.azure.core.implementation.TypeUtil;
import com.azure.core.util.io.IOUtils;
import com.azure.core.util.logging.ClientLogger;
import com.azure.core.util.logging.LoggingEventBuilder;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscriber;
import org.reactivestreams.Subscription;
import reactor.core.CoreSubscriber;
import reactor.core.Exceptions;
import reactor.core.publisher.Flux;
import reactor.core.publisher.Mono;
import reactor.core.publisher.Operators;
import reactor.core.scheduler.Schedulers;
import reactor.util.context.ContextView;

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousByteChannel;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousFileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.channels.FileChannel;
import java.nio.channels.WritableByteChannel;
import java.nio.file.StandardOpenOption;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater;
import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLongFieldUpdater;
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.function.Supplier;

/**
 * Utility type exposing methods to deal with {@link Flux}.
 */
public final class FluxUtil {
    private static final byte[] EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[0];
    private static final ClientLogger LOGGER = new ClientLogger(FluxUtil.class);

    /**
     * Checks if a type is Flux<ByteBuffer>.
     *
     * @param entityType the type to check
     * @return whether the type represents a Flux that emits ByteBuffer
     */
    public static boolean isFluxByteBuffer(Type entityType) {
        if (TypeUtil.isTypeOrSubTypeOf(entityType, Flux.class)) {
            final Type innerType = TypeUtil.getTypeArguments(entityType)[0];
            return TypeUtil.isTypeOrSubTypeOf(innerType, ByteBuffer.class);
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Adds progress reporting to the provided {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer}.
     *
     *

     *     Each {@link ByteBuffer} that's emitted from the {@link Flux} will report {@link ByteBuffer#remaining()}.
     *

     *

     *     When {@link Flux} is resubscribed the progress is reset. If the flux is not replayable, resubscribing
     *     can result in empty or partial data then progress reporting might not be accurate.
     *

     *

     *     If {@link ProgressReporter} is not provided, i.e. is {@code null},
     *     then this method returns unmodified {@link Flux}.
     *

     *
     * @param flux A {@link Flux} to report progress on.
     * @param progressReporter Optional {@link ProgressReporter}.
     * @return A {@link Flux} that reports progress, or original {@link Flux} if {@link ProgressReporter} is not
     * provided.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> addProgressReporting(Flux<ByteBuffer> flux, ProgressReporter progressReporter) {
        if (progressReporter == null) {
            return flux;
        }

        return Mono.just(progressReporter).flatMapMany(reporter -> {
            /*
            Each time there is a new subscription, we will rewind the progress. This is desirable specifically
            for retries, which resubscribe on each try. The first time this flowable is subscribed to, the
            reset will be a noop as there will have been no progress made. Subsequent rewinds will work as
            expected.
             */
            reporter.reset();

            /*
            Every time we emit some data, report it to the Tracker, which will pass it on to the end user.
             */
            return flux.doOnNext(buffer -> reporter.reportProgress(buffer.remaining()));
        });
    }

    /**
     * Collects ByteBuffers emitted by a Flux into a byte array.
     *
     * @param stream A stream which emits ByteBuffer instances.
     * @return A Mono which emits the concatenation of all the ByteBuffer instances given by the source Flux.
     * @throws IllegalStateException If the combined size of the emitted ByteBuffers is greater than {@link
     * Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     */
    public static Mono<byte[]> collectBytesInByteBufferStream(Flux<ByteBuffer> stream) {
        return stream.collect(ByteBufferCollector::new, ByteBufferCollector::write)
            .map(ByteBufferCollector::toByteArray);
    }

    /**
     * Collects ByteBuffers emitted by a Flux into a byte array.
     *

     * Unlike {@link #collectBytesInByteBufferStream(Flux)}, this method accepts a second parameter {@code sizeHint}.
     * This size hint allows for optimizations when creating the initial buffer to reduce the number of times it needs
     * to be resized while concatenating emitted ByteBuffers.
     *
     * @param stream A stream which emits ByteBuffer instances.
     * @param sizeHint A hint about the expected stream size.
     * @return A Mono which emits the concatenation of all the ByteBuffer instances given by the source Flux.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If {@code sizeHint} is equal to or less than {@code 0}.
     * @throws IllegalStateException If the combined size of the emitted ByteBuffers is greater than {@link
     * Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     */
    public static Mono<byte[]> collectBytesInByteBufferStream(Flux<ByteBuffer> stream, int sizeHint) {
        return stream.collect(() -> new ByteBufferCollector(sizeHint), ByteBufferCollector::write)
            .map(ByteBufferCollector::toByteArray);
    }

    /**
     * Collects ByteBuffers returned in a network response into a byte array.
     *

     * The {@code headers} are inspected for containing an {@code Content-Length} which determines if a size hinted
     * collection, {@link #collectBytesInByteBufferStream(Flux, int)}, or default collection, {@link
     * #collectBytesInByteBufferStream(Flux)}, will be used.
     *
     * @param stream A network response ByteBuffer stream.
     * @param headers The HTTP headers of the response.
     * @return A Mono which emits the collected network response ByteBuffers.
     * @throws NullPointerException If {@code headers} is null.
     * @throws IllegalStateException If the size of the network response is greater than {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}.
     */
    public static Mono<byte[]> collectBytesFromNetworkResponse(Flux<ByteBuffer> stream, HttpHeaders headers) {
        Objects.requireNonNull(headers, "'headers' cannot be null.");

        String contentLengthHeader = headers.getValue(HttpHeaderName.CONTENT_LENGTH);

        if (contentLengthHeader == null) {
            return FluxUtil.collectBytesInByteBufferStream(stream);
        } else {
            try {
                int contentLength = Integer.parseInt(contentLengthHeader);
                if (contentLength > 0) {
                    return FluxUtil.collectBytesInByteBufferStream(stream, contentLength);
                } else {
                    return Mono.just(EMPTY_BYTE_ARRAY);
                }
            } catch (NumberFormatException ex) {
                return FluxUtil.collectBytesInByteBufferStream(stream);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Gets the content of the provided ByteBuffer as a byte array. This method will create a new byte array even if the
     * ByteBuffer can have optionally backing array.
     *
     * @param byteBuffer the byte buffer
     * @return the byte array
     */
    public static byte[] byteBufferToArray(ByteBuffer byteBuffer) {
        int length = byteBuffer.remaining();
        byte[] byteArray = new byte[length];
        byteBuffer.get(byteArray);
        return byteArray;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Flux} that is capable of resuming a download by applying retry logic when an error occurs.
     *
     * @param downloadSupplier Supplier of the initial download.
     * @param onDownloadErrorResume {@link BiFunction} of {@link Throwable} and {@link Long} which is used to resume
     * downloading when an error occurs.
     * @param maxRetries The maximum number of times a download can be resumed when an error occurs.
     * @return A {@link Flux} that downloads reliably.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> createRetriableDownloadFlux(Supplier<Flux<ByteBuffer>> downloadSupplier,
        BiFunction<Throwable, Long, Flux<ByteBuffer>> onDownloadErrorResume, int maxRetries) {
        return createRetriableDownloadFlux(downloadSupplier, onDownloadErrorResume, maxRetries, 0L);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Flux} that is capable of resuming a download by applying retry logic when an error occurs.
     *
     * @param downloadSupplier Supplier of the initial download.
     * @param onDownloadErrorResume {@link BiFunction} of {@link Throwable} and {@link Long} which is used to resume
     * downloading when an error occurs.
     * @param maxRetries The maximum number of times a download can be resumed when an error occurs.
     * @param position The initial offset for the download.
     * @return A {@link Flux} that downloads reliably.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> createRetriableDownloadFlux(Supplier<Flux<ByteBuffer>> downloadSupplier,
        BiFunction<Throwable, Long, Flux<ByteBuffer>> onDownloadErrorResume, int maxRetries, long position) {
        return new RetriableDownloadFlux(downloadSupplier, onDownloadErrorResume, maxRetries, position);
    }

    /**
     * Converts an {@link InputStream} into a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} using a chunk size of 4096.
     *

     * Given that {@link InputStream} is not guaranteed to be replayable the returned {@link Flux} should be considered
     * non-replayable as well.
     *

     * If the passed {@link InputStream} is {@code null} {@link Flux#empty()} will be returned.
     *
     * @param inputStream The {@link InputStream} to convert into a {@link Flux}.
     * @return A {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} that contains the contents of the stream.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> toFluxByteBuffer(InputStream inputStream) {
        return toFluxByteBuffer(inputStream, 4096);
    }

    /**
     * Converts an {@link InputStream} into a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer}.
     *

     * Given that {@link InputStream} is not guaranteed to be replayable the returned {@link Flux} should be considered
     * non-replayable as well.
     *

     * If the passed {@link InputStream} is {@code null} {@link Flux#empty()} will be returned.
     *
     * @param inputStream The {@link InputStream} to convert into a {@link Flux}.
     * @param chunkSize The requested size for each {@link ByteBuffer}.
     * @return A {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} that contains the contents of the stream.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException If {@code chunkSize} is less than or equal to {@code 0}.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> toFluxByteBuffer(InputStream inputStream, int chunkSize) {
        if (chunkSize <= 0) {
            return Flux.error(new IllegalArgumentException("'chunkSize' must be greater than 0."));
        }

        if (inputStream == null) {
            return Flux.empty();
        }

        // If the InputStream is an instance of FileInputStream we should be able to leverage the FileChannel backing
        // the FileInputStream to generated MappedByteBuffers which aren't loaded into memory until the content is
        // consumed. This at least defers the memory usage until later and may also provide downstream calls ways to
        // optimize if they have special cases for MappedByteBuffer.
        if (inputStream instanceof FileInputStream) {
            FileChannel fileChannel = ((FileInputStream) inputStream).getChannel();

            return Flux.<ByteBuffer, FileChannel>generate(() -> fileChannel, (channel, sink) -> {
                try {
                    long channelPosition = channel.position();
                    long channelSize = channel.size();

                    if (channelPosition == channelSize) {
                        // End of File has been reached, signal completion.
                        channel.close();
                        sink.complete();
                    } else {
                        // Determine the size of the next MappedByteBuffer, either the remaining File contents or the
                        // expected chunk size.
                        int nextByteBufferSize = (int) Math.min(chunkSize, channelSize - channelPosition);
                        sink.next(channel.map(FileChannel.MapMode.READ_ONLY, channelPosition, nextByteBufferSize));

                        // FileChannel.map doesn't update the FileChannel's position as reading would, so the position
                        // needs to be updated based on the number of bytes mapped.
                        channel.position(channelPosition + nextByteBufferSize);
                    }
                } catch (IOException ex) {
                    sink.error(ex);
                }

                return channel;
            });
        }

        return Flux.<ByteBuffer, InputStream>generate(() -> inputStream, (stream, sink) -> {
            byte[] buffer = new byte[chunkSize];

            try {
                int offset = 0;

                while (offset < chunkSize) {
                    int readCount = inputStream.read(buffer, offset, chunkSize - offset);

                    // We have finished reading the stream, trigger onComplete.
                    if (readCount == -1) {
                        // If there were bytes read before reaching the end emit the buffer before completing.
                        if (offset > 0) {
                            sink.next(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer, 0, offset));
                        }
                        sink.complete();
                        return stream;
                    }

                    offset += readCount;
                }

                sink.next(ByteBuffer.wrap(buffer));
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                sink.error(ex);
            }

            return stream;
        }).filter(ByteBuffer::hasRemaining);
    }

    /**
     * This method converts the incoming {@code deferContextual} from {@link reactor.util.context.Context Reactor
     * Context} to {@link Context Azure Context} and calls the given lambda function with this context and returns a
     * single entity of type {@code T}
     *

     * If the reactor context is empty, {@link Context#NONE} will be used to call the lambda function
     *

     *
     *
Code samples

     *
     *

     * String prefix = "Hello, ";
     * Mono<String> response = FluxUtil
     *     .withContext(context -> serviceCallReturnsSingle(prefix, context));
     *

     *
     *
     * @param serviceCall The lambda function that makes the service call into which azure context will be passed
     * @param <T> The type of response returned from the service call
     * @return The response from service call
     */
    public static <T> Mono<T> withContext(Function<Context, Mono<T>> serviceCall) {
        return withContext(serviceCall, Collections.emptyMap());
    }

    /**
     * This method converts the incoming {@code deferContextual} from {@link reactor.util.context.Context Reactor
     * Context} to {@link Context Azure Context}, adds the specified context attributes and calls the given lambda
     * function with this context and returns a single entity of type {@code T}
     *

     * If the reactor context is empty, {@link Context#NONE} will be used to call the lambda function
     *

     *
     * @param serviceCall serviceCall The lambda function that makes the service call into which azure context will be
     * passed
     * @param contextAttributes The map of attributes sent by the calling method to be set on {@link Context}.
     * @param <T> The type of response returned from the service call
     * @return The response from service call
     */
    public static <T> Mono<T> withContext(Function<Context, Mono<T>> serviceCall,
        Map<String, String> contextAttributes) {
        return Mono.deferContextual(context -> {
            final Context[] azureContext = new Context[]{Context.NONE};

            if (!CoreUtils.isNullOrEmpty(contextAttributes)) {
                contextAttributes.forEach((key, value) -> azureContext[0] = azureContext[0].addData(key, value));
            }

            if (!context.isEmpty()) {
                context.stream().forEach(entry ->
                    azureContext[0] = azureContext[0].addData(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
            }

            return serviceCall.apply(azureContext[0]);
        });
    }

    /**
     * Converts the incoming content to Mono.
     *
     * @param <T> The type of the Response, which will be returned in the Mono.
     * @param response whose {@link Response#getValue() value} is to be converted
     * @return The converted {@link Mono}
     */
    public static <T> Mono<T> toMono(Response<T> response) {
        return Mono.justOrEmpty(response.getValue());
    }

    /**
     * Propagates a {@link RuntimeException} through the error channel of {@link Mono}.
     *
     * @param logger The {@link ClientLogger} to log the exception.
     * @param ex The {@link RuntimeException}.
     * @param <T> The return type.
     * @return A {@link Mono} that terminates with error wrapping the {@link RuntimeException}.
     */
    public static <T> Mono<T> monoError(ClientLogger logger, RuntimeException ex) {
        return Mono.error(logger.logExceptionAsError(Exceptions.propagate(ex)));
    }

    /**
     * Propagates a {@link RuntimeException} through the error channel of {@link Mono}.
     *
     * @param logBuilder The {@link LoggingEventBuilder} with context to log the exception.
     * @param ex The {@link RuntimeException}.
     * @param <T> The return type.
     * @return A {@link Mono} that terminates with error wrapping the {@link RuntimeException}.
     */
    public static <T> Mono<T> monoError(LoggingEventBuilder logBuilder, RuntimeException ex) {
        return Mono.error(logBuilder.log(Exceptions.propagate(ex)));
    }

    /**
     * Propagates a {@link RuntimeException} through the error channel of {@link Flux}.
     *
     * @param logger The {@link ClientLogger} to log the exception.
     * @param ex The {@link RuntimeException}.
     * @param <T> The return type.
     * @return A {@link Flux} that terminates with error wrapping the {@link RuntimeException}.
     */
    public static <T> Flux<T> fluxError(ClientLogger logger, RuntimeException ex) {
        return Flux.error(logger.logExceptionAsError(Exceptions.propagate(ex)));
    }

    /**
     * Propagates a {@link RuntimeException} through the error channel of {@link PagedFlux}.
     *
     * @param logger The {@link ClientLogger} to log the exception.
     * @param ex The {@link RuntimeException}.
     * @param <T> The return type.
     * @return A {@link PagedFlux} that terminates with error wrapping the {@link RuntimeException}.
     */
    public static <T> PagedFlux<T> pagedFluxError(ClientLogger logger, RuntimeException ex) {
        return new PagedFlux<>(() -> monoError(logger, ex));
    }

    /**
     * This method converts the incoming {@code deferContextual} from {@link reactor.util.context.Context Reactor
     * Context} to {@link Context Azure Context} and calls the given lambda function with this context and returns a
     * collection of type {@code T}
     *

     * If the reactor context is empty, {@link Context#NONE} will be used to call the lambda function
     *

     *
     *
Code samples

     *
     *

     * String prefix = "Hello, ";
     * Flux<String> response = FluxUtil
     *     .fluxContext(context -> serviceCallReturnsCollection(prefix, context));
     *

     *
     *
     * @param serviceCall The lambda function that makes the service call into which the context will be passed
     * @param <T> The type of response returned from the service call
     * @return The response from service call
     */
    public static <T> Flux<T> fluxContext(Function<Context, Flux<T>> serviceCall) {
        return Flux.deferContextual(context -> serviceCall.apply(toAzureContext(context)));
    }

    /**
     * Converts a reactor context to azure context. If the reactor context is {@code null} or empty, {@link
     * Context#NONE} will be returned.
     *
     * @param context The reactor context
     * @return The azure context
     */
    private static Context toAzureContext(ContextView context) {
        final Context[] azureContext = new Context[]{Context.NONE};

        if (!context.isEmpty()) {
            context.stream().forEach(entry ->
                azureContext[0] = azureContext[0].addData(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue()));
        }

        return azureContext[0];
    }

    /**
     * Converts an Azure context to Reactor context. If the Azure context is {@code null} or empty, {@link
     * reactor.util.context.Context#empty()} will be returned.
     *
     * @param context The Azure context.
     * @return The Reactor context.
     */
    public static reactor.util.context.Context toReactorContext(Context context) {
        if (context == null) {
            return reactor.util.context.Context.empty();
        }

        reactor.util.context.Context returnContext = reactor.util.context.Context.empty();

        Context[] contextChain = context.getContextChain();
        for (Context toAdd : contextChain) {
            // Filter out null value entries as Reactor's context doesn't allow null values.
            if (toAdd == null || toAdd.getValue() == null) {
                continue;
            }

            returnContext = returnContext.put(toAdd.getKey(), toAdd.getValue());
        }

        return returnContext;
    }

    /**
     * Writes the {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} emitted by a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} to an {@link
     * OutputStream}.
     *

     * The {@code stream} is not closed by this call, closing of the {@code stream} is managed by the caller.
     *

     * The response {@link Mono} will emit an error if {@code content} or {@code stream} are null. Additionally, an
     * error will be emitted if an exception occurs while writing the {@code content} to the {@code stream}.
     *
     * @param content The {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} content.
     * @param stream The {@link OutputStream} being written into.
     * @return A {@link Mono} which emits a completion status once the {@link Flux} has been written to the {@link
     * OutputStream}, or an error status if writing fails.
     */
    public static Mono<Void> writeToOutputStream(Flux<ByteBuffer> content, OutputStream stream) {
        if (content == null && stream == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' and 'stream' cannot be null."));
        } else if (content == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' cannot be null."));
        } else if (stream == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'stream' cannot be null."));
        }

        return Mono.create(emitter -> content.subscribe(new OutputStreamWriteSubscriber(emitter, stream, LOGGER)));
    }

    /**
     * Writes the {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} emitted by a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} to an {@link
     * AsynchronousFileChannel}.
     *

     * The {@code outFile} is not closed by this call, closing of the {@code outFile} is managed by the caller.
     *

     * The response {@link Mono} will emit an error if {@code content} or {@code outFile} are null. Additionally, an
     * error will be emitted if the {@code outFile} wasn't opened with the proper open options, such as {@link
     * StandardOpenOption#WRITE}.
     *
     * @param content The {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} content.
     * @param outFile The {@link AsynchronousFileChannel}.
     * @return A {@link Mono} which emits a completion status once the {@link Flux} has been written to the {@link
     * AsynchronousFileChannel}.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code content} is null.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code outFile} is null.
     */
    public static Mono<Void> writeFile(Flux<ByteBuffer> content, AsynchronousFileChannel outFile) {
        return writeFile(content, outFile, 0);
    }

    /**
     * Writes the {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} emitted by a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} to an {@link
     * AsynchronousFileChannel} starting at the given {@code position} in the file.
     *

     * The {@code outFile} is not closed by this call, closing of the {@code outFile} is managed by the caller.
     *

     * The response {@link Mono} will emit an error if {@code content} or {@code outFile} are null or {@code position}
     * is less than 0. Additionally, an error will be emitted if the {@code outFile} wasn't opened with the proper open
     * options, such as {@link StandardOpenOption#WRITE}.
     *
     * @param content The {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} content.
     * @param outFile The {@link AsynchronousFileChannel}.
     * @param position The position in the file to begin writing the {@code content}.
     * @return A {@link Mono} which emits a completion status once the {@link Flux} has been written to the {@link
     * AsynchronousFileChannel}.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code content} is null.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code outFile} is null.
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException When {@code position} is negative.
     */
    public static Mono<Void> writeFile(Flux<ByteBuffer> content, AsynchronousFileChannel outFile, long position) {
        if (content == null && outFile == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' and 'outFile' cannot be null."));
        } else if (content == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' cannot be null."));
        } else if (outFile == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'outFile' cannot be null."));
        } else if (position < 0) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new IllegalArgumentException("'position' cannot be less than 0."));
        }

        return writeToAsynchronousByteChannel(content, IOUtils.toAsynchronousByteChannel(outFile, position));
    }

    /**
     * Writes the {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} emitted by a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} to an {@link
     * AsynchronousByteChannel}.
     *

     * The {@code channel} is not closed by this call, closing of the {@code channel} is managed by the caller.
     *

     * The response {@link Mono} will emit an error if {@code content} or {@code channel} are null.
     *
     * @param content The {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} content.
     * @param channel The {@link AsynchronousByteChannel}.
     * @return A {@link Mono} which emits a completion status once the {@link Flux} has been written to the {@link
     * AsynchronousByteChannel}.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code content} is null.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code channel} is null.
     */
    public static Mono<Void> writeToAsynchronousByteChannel(Flux<ByteBuffer> content, AsynchronousByteChannel channel) {
        if (content == null && channel == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' and 'channel' cannot be null."));
        } else if (content == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' cannot be null."));
        } else if (channel == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'channel' cannot be null."));
        }

        return Mono.create(emitter -> content.subscribe(
            new AsynchronousByteChannelWriteSubscriber(channel, emitter)));
    }

    /**
     * Writes the {@link ByteBuffer ByteBuffers} emitted by a {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} to an {@link
     * WritableByteChannel}.
     *

     * The {@code channel} is not closed by this call, closing of the {@code channel} is managed by the caller.
     *

     * The response {@link Mono} will emit an error if {@code content} or {@code channel} are null.
     *
     * @param content The {@link Flux} of {@link ByteBuffer} content.
     * @param channel The {@link WritableByteChannel}.
     * @return A {@link Mono} which emits a completion status once the {@link Flux} has been written to the {@link
     * WritableByteChannel}.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code content} is null.
     * @throws NullPointerException When {@code channel} is null.
     */
    public static Mono<Void> writeToWritableByteChannel(Flux<ByteBuffer> content, WritableByteChannel channel) {
        if (content == null && channel == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' and 'channel' cannot be null."));
        } else if (content == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'content' cannot be null."));
        } else if (channel == null) {
            return monoError(LOGGER, new NullPointerException("'channel' cannot be null."));
        }

        return content.publishOn(Schedulers.boundedElastic())
            .map(buffer -> {
                while (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    try {
                        channel.write(buffer);
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        throw Exceptions.propagate(e);
                    }
                }
                return buffer;
            }).then();
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Flux} from an {@link AsynchronousFileChannel} which reads part of a file into chunks of the
     * given size.
     *
     * @param fileChannel The file channel.
     * @param chunkSize the size of file chunks to read.
     * @param offset The offset in the file to begin reading.
     * @param length The number of bytes to read from the file.
     * @return the Flux.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> readFile(AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel, int chunkSize, long offset,
        long length) {
        return new FileReadFlux(fileChannel, chunkSize, offset, length);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Flux} from an {@link AsynchronousFileChannel} which reads part of a file.
     *
     * @param fileChannel The file channel.
     * @param offset The offset in the file to begin reading.
     * @param length The number of bytes to read from the file.
     * @return the Flux.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> readFile(AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel, long offset, long length) {
        return readFile(fileChannel, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE, offset, length);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Flux} from an {@link AsynchronousFileChannel} which reads the entire file.
     *
     * @param fileChannel The file channel.
     * @return The AsyncInputStream.
     */
    public static Flux<ByteBuffer> readFile(AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel) {
        try {
            long size = fileChannel.size();
            return readFile(fileChannel, DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE, 0, size);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            return Flux.error(new RuntimeException("Failed to read the file.", e));
        }
    }

    private static final int DEFAULT_CHUNK_SIZE = 1024 * 64;

    private static final class FileReadFlux extends Flux<ByteBuffer> {
        private final AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel;
        private final int chunkSize;
        private final long offset;
        private final long length;

        FileReadFlux(AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel, int chunkSize, long offset, long length) {
            this.fileChannel = fileChannel;
            this.chunkSize = chunkSize;
            this.offset = offset;
            this.length = length;
        }

        @Override
        public void subscribe(CoreSubscriber<? super ByteBuffer> actual) {
            FileReadSubscription subscription =
                new FileReadSubscription(actual, fileChannel, chunkSize, offset, length);
            actual.onSubscribe(subscription);
        }

        static final class FileReadSubscription implements Subscription, CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer> {
            private static final int NOT_SET = -1;
            private static final long serialVersionUID = -6831808726875304256L;
            //
            private final Subscriber<? super ByteBuffer> subscriber;
            private volatile long position;
            //
            private final AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel;
            private final int chunkSize;
            private final long offset;
            private final long length;
            //
            private volatile boolean done;
            private Throwable error;
            private volatile ByteBuffer next;
            private volatile boolean cancelled;
            //
            volatile int wip;
            static final AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater<FileReadSubscription> WIP =
                AtomicIntegerFieldUpdater.newUpdater(FileReadSubscription.class, "wip");

            volatile long requested;
            static final AtomicLongFieldUpdater<FileReadSubscription> REQUESTED =
                AtomicLongFieldUpdater.newUpdater(FileReadSubscription.class, "requested");
            //

            FileReadSubscription(Subscriber<? super ByteBuffer> subscriber, AsynchronousFileChannel fileChannel,
                int chunkSize, long offset, long length) {
                this.subscriber = subscriber;
                //
                this.fileChannel = fileChannel;
                this.chunkSize = chunkSize;
                this.offset = offset;
                this.length = length;
                //
                this.position = NOT_SET;
            }

            //region Subscription implementation

            @Override
            public void request(long n) {
                if (Operators.validate(n)) {
                    Operators.addCap(REQUESTED, this, n);
                    drain();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void cancel() {
                this.cancelled = true;
            }

            //endregion

            //region CompletionHandler implementation

            @Override
            public void completed(Integer bytesRead, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                if (!cancelled) {
                    if (bytesRead == -1) {
                        done = true;
                    } else {
                        // use local variable to perform fewer volatile reads
                        long pos = position;
                        int bytesWanted = Math.min(bytesRead, maxRequired(pos));
                        long position2 = pos + bytesWanted;
                        //noinspection NonAtomicOperationOnVolatileField
                        position = position2;
                        buffer.position(bytesWanted);
                        buffer.flip();
                        next = buffer;
                        if (position2 >= offset + length) {
                            done = true;
                        }
                    }
                    drain();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
                if (!cancelled) {
                    // must set error before setting done to true
                    // so that is visible in drain loop
                    error = exc;
                    done = true;
                    drain();
                }
            }

            //endregion

            private void drain() {
                if (WIP.getAndIncrement(this) != 0) {
                    return;
                }
                // on first drain (first request) we initiate the first read
                if (position == NOT_SET) {
                    position = offset;
                    doRead();
                }
                int missed = 1;
                while (true) {
                    if (cancelled) {
                        return;
                    }
                    if (REQUESTED.get(this) > 0) {
                        boolean emitted = false;
                        // read d before next to avoid race
                        boolean d = done;
                        ByteBuffer bb = next;
                        if (bb != null) {
                            next = null;
                            subscriber.onNext(bb);
                            emitted = true;
                        }
                        if (d) {
                            if (error != null) {
                                subscriber.onError(error);
                            } else {
                                subscriber.onComplete();
                            }

                            // exit without reducing wip so that further drains will be NOOP
                            return;
                        }
                        if (emitted) {
                            // do this after checking d to avoid calling read
                            // when done
                            Operators.produced(REQUESTED, this, 1);
                            //
                            doRead();
                        }
                    }
                    missed = WIP.addAndGet(this, -missed);
                    if (missed == 0) {
                        return;
                    }
                }
            }

            private void doRead() {
                // use local variable to limit volatile reads
                long pos = position;
                ByteBuffer innerBuf = ByteBuffer.allocate(Math.min(chunkSize, maxRequired(pos)));
                fileChannel.read(innerBuf, pos, innerBuf, this);
            }

            private int maxRequired(long pos) {
                long maxRequired = offset + length - pos;
                if (maxRequired <= 0) {
                    return 0;
                } else {
                    int m = (int) (maxRequired);
                    // support really large files by checking for overflow
                    if (m < 0) {
                        return Integer.MAX_VALUE;
                    } else {
                        return m;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }

    // Private Ctr
    private FluxUtil() {
    }
}


text:
Queen Elizabeth II 90th Birthday Commemorative Coin Proof Value $139.95
An exclusive tribute to Queen Elizabeth II. The longest reigning monarch in the history of the British Empire. Special re-release of the highly sought-after 24k gold-layered colossal coin.
Copper, layered in 24k gold with padprinting. Coronation of HM Queen Elizabeth II. QUEEN ELIZABETH II 90TH BIRTHDAY COMMEMORATIVE COIN PROOF. Queen Elizabeth II was born Princess Elizabeth Alexandra Mary on April 21, 1926, in London, England.
When her father, Prince Albert, was unexpectedly made King in 1936. Elizabeth suddenly became the heir to throne of the entire British Empire. The young Elizabeth showed her regal presence comforting and reassuring all of England's children during World War II. After the death of her father in 1953, she was crowned Queen Elizabeth II, royal sovereign of the United Kingdom.
In Westminster Abbey, where English kings and queens have been crowned for over 900 years, she stood beside her husband Prince Philip, as the Archbishop of Canterbury gloriously presented Queen Elizabeth, your undoubted Queen. In jubilation, the people responded with shouts of God Save Queen Elizabeth. The ceremony was a spectacle unlike any the world had ever seen. Earlier this year, England, her sovereign states, and all British citizens celebrated Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II becoming the longest reigning monarch in Great Britain's history.
Now, the entire world joins in jubilation to mark the beloved Queen's 90th birthday. Now, you have the incredible opportunity to be among the first collectors in the U. To own this magnificent coin. Specially minted by the prestigious British firm Windsor Mint to honor Her Majesty's 90th birthday, this 24k gold-layered coin features a magnificently detailed portrait of Queen Elizabeth II with a swirling full-color. British flag and is accented with a brilliant Swarovski crystal.
The reverse is dedicated to the life of Britain's longest reigning Monarch. This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Coins: US\Collections, Lots".2013" and is located in this country: US. This item can be shipped worldwide.
Certification Number: * 02861*
Certification: U. Mint
Mint Location: Pennsylvania
Composition: Cu, silver- plated with hologram

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
MTV Gets Down with the Long Tail
Perhaps recognizing that the audience for music is splintering into niche markets, MTV has announced that it's working on 20 "online experiences" that will focus on genres and sub-genres rather than trying to be everything to everybody. "The channels, many of which have been indevelopment for months, will debut in the first and second quarters […]
Perhaps recognizing that the audience for music is splintering into niche markets, MTV has announced that it's working on 20 "online experiences" that will focus on genres and sub-genres rather than trying to be everything to everybody.
"The channels, many of which have been indevelopment for months, will debut in the first and second quarters of2007 and will enable their users to explore and engage in theirpersonal interests, obsessions and topics of choice by covering anexpansive range of subjects including: music genres and sub- genres,
celebrity fashion and style, personal growth and faith andspirituality, among many others."
I'd imagine that sites that evolve organically within audiences who love certain sub-genres of music would be more effective than a top-down MTV version, but I could be wrong.
As an aside, one of the best things about the fact that money's flowingonto the Internet again is that tech-marketing lingo is evolving aswell. My favorite buzzphrases from the press release:
hyper-programmed online experiences (websites)
front doors (websites)
blogosphere (internet)
super-serve niche audiences (websites)
hyper-programmed verticals (websites)
stand-alone creative propositions (websites)
Still, none of these come close to my all time favorite buzzword fromWeb 1.0: "e-tailtainment." They just don't make 'em like that anymore.
(image from izosimov.tyumen.ru)
TopicsDigital Music NewsListening Post
The Best Podcasts for Everyone
Get your fix of tech, true crime, pop culture, or comedy with these audio adventures.
The Spectacular Collapse of Putin's Disinformation Machinery
A few critical errors have brought down Russia's complex and objectively brilliant war of influence in the West.
Tom Southern
The Best iPad to Buy (and a Few to Avoid)
Apple's tablet lineup is more confusing than ever. We're here to help you find the right slate for your needs.
How to Pick the Right MacBook for You
Apple's laptops are expensive, and you'll have to make some hard choices to pick the right one. Let us help.
Which iPhone Should You Buy (or Avoid) Right Now?
Apple has several models in its lineup, from the iPhone SE to the iPhone 14 Plus. We break them all down.
After the Great Resignation, Tech Firms Are Getting Desperate
Faced with a shortage of qualified workers and fierce competition, companies are offering candidates money to interview and plush perks if they stay.
Megan Carnegie


text:
BR Home Page > Players > Rich Hill > Postseason Batting Game Logs
Rich Hill
Team: Los Angeles Dodgers (majors, 60-day IL)
Born: March 11, 1980 in Boston, MA us
Draft: Drafted by the Cincinnati Reds in the 36th round of the 1999 MLB June Amateur Draft from Milton HS (Milton, MA), the Anaheim Angels in the 7th round of the 2001 MLB June Amateur Draft from University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI) and the Chicago Cubs in the 4th round of the 2002 MLB June Amateur Draft from University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI).
High School: Milton HS (Milton, MA)
School: University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, MI)
Debut: June 15, 2005 (Age 25-096d, 16,299th in MLB history)
vs. FLA 1.0 IP, 3 H, 2 SO, 0 BB, 2 ER
Agents: ACES (Sam & Seth Levinson)
Full Name: Richard Joseph Hill
Nicknames: Brice
Rich Hill Overview
More Hill Pages
Minor, Winter & Independent Lg Stats
More Rich Hill Pages at Baseball Reference
Rich Hill page at the Bullpen Wiki
2019 Dodgers
(62-33, 1st place in NL West)
Pedro Baez
Austin Barnes
Walker Buehler
JT Chargois
Dylan Floro
Yimi Garcia
Enrique Hernandez
Kenta Maeda
Max Muncy
Zac Rosscup
Hyun-Jin Ryu
Ross Stripling
Julio Urias
Scott Alexander (10-day)
Team Record in Appearances 7-5 / in Starts: 7-4
Longest Hitting Streak 1 game
Longest On Base Streak 1 game
Most Games w/o HR 11 games
Most Games w/o RBI 11 games
Postseason Batting Game Log
2007 NLDS g3 Oct 6 CHC ARI L,1-5 GS-4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 2.12 -0.050 -0.50 P
2016 Postseason
2016 NLDS g2 Oct 9 LAD @ WSN L,2-5 GS-5 2 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .500 .500 .500 1.000 9 1.41 -0.049 -0.54 P
2016 NLDS g5 Oct 13 LAD @ WSN W,4-3 GS-3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .333 .333 .333 .667 9 .46 -0.012 -0.11 P
2016 NLCS g3 Oct 18 LAD CHC W,6-0 GS-7 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .200 .200 .200 .400 9 .99 -0.027 -0.42 P
2017 NLDS g2 Oct 7 LAD ARI W,8-5 GS-4 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 1.27 -0.036 -0.32 P
2017 WS g2 Oct 25 LAD HOU L,6-7 GS-5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 .49 -0.013 -0.10 P
2017 WS g6 Oct 31 LAD HOU W,3-1 GS-5 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 .77 -0.019 -0.16 P
2018 NLDS g4 Oct 8 LAD @ ATL W,6-2 GS-5 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 1.75 -0.069 -0.73 P
2018 NLCS g4 Oct 16 LAD MIL W,2-1 GS-6 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 1.10 -0.060 -0.72 P
2018 NLCS g6 Oct 19 LAD @ MIL L,2-7 8-9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 8 P
2018 WS g4 Oct 27 LAD BOS L,6-9 GS-7 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .000 .000 .000 .000 9 .78 -0.039 -0.32 P
16 15 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 1 0 0 0 0 .067 .067 .067 .133
You are here: BR Home Page > Players > Rich Hill > Postseason Batting Game Logs


Consumer debt is at an all-time high. Unfortunately, credit card companies seem to charging more and savings accounts seem to be yielding less. One way that many Canadian citizens are finding ways around this is through balance transfers and debt consolidation. This is a strategy that works because most people can barely afford to pay all of their bills every month, let alone their full balances.
If you want to get ahead of this financial crisis, paying off your credit cards is usually the most immediate thing that you can. This is difficult because you have to make several payments every month to different companies and if you miss a month, you will quickly fall behind with all the late fees.
If you use balance transfers credit cards to consolidate your debts you can often take advantage of remarkable introductory offers as low as 0% for 6 or 12 months. This should give you enough time to put together a budget and get them paid off before the adjustment period begins.
By doing this you reduce your total liability because you are only responsible for one payment a month, and more than likely this payment will be lower than that total amount you had been paying. You can take the savings and put it in a savings account, or more importantly continue to pay what you had been paying in order to get them taken care of.
Whether or not you have bad credit, you can still use prepaid and secured cards to help you avoid the idea of paying fees. While these are often particularly designed for the credit-conscious consumer who needs to recover from a bad credit score, you might appreciate them because they are simple and convenient. Prepaid debit cards act like credit cards, except that you have to deposit money into their accounts before you can use them, which is similar to the check card you might have with your bank.
The reason why these are a good idea is because prepaid debit cards can report your actions to the credit bureaus, which help to establish a new credit history for you. Also, prepaid debit cards are nearly without fees. Some of these fees will be waived if you follow certain guidelines like using direct deposit to put money in your account. You probably already do that with your bank anyway.
Secured cards are more like credit cards in that they charge you interest rates and the like. The big difference is that you have to put down a security deposit, much like you would if you were renting an apartment or another big ticket item. This deposit is basically a good faith payment that you will not default or miss a payment. If you do, the company can close your account and keep your money.
However, if you maintain a good relationship, you get that money back when you close the account. If you can qualify for a card like this, you can take advantage of the higher credit limits and lower interest rates while re-establishing your credit. When you are ready for a more traditional credit card, simply close the account and get your deposit back.
Finally, there are other credit cards that you can use that offer you rewards for using them. These are particularly useful if you are keen with your budget. For instance, if you have a card that offers cash back rewards on things you buy every day, you can use the card instead of cash and then pay off the balance at the end of the month.
You will not pay interest on it, but you still get credit towards your cash back rewards. You need to be aware, however, of how each card works as some only pay on gas purchases and groceries, while others payout extra bonuses on a rotating catalog of products. One month you might get 5 times the cash bonus on restaurant dining while the next month it might be on home improvement product.
Sometimes, it is actually a good idea to get a store credit card, if there is a particular store where you like to shop. If a portion of your monthly budget is spent at a particular store and they offer a store credit card, you might be able to save a significant amount of money every month with the rebates they will offer you. Be wary, though, because store cards limit your ability to shop elsewhere.


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Never choose a useless removal firm just because they feature cheap prices. You get anything you pay for typically, so if a value sounds way too good to always be true, then it probably is actually.
As you opt to rent one, you might have to remember that you will possess to pay a particular fee in your case to place your hired dumpster in a neighborhood in the metropolis, this is especially critical if you are a store or resort owner. You'll need to get a enable to use it. There is also the possibility of you having your hired dumpster collect over it should. Because each has a certain tonnage, ensure you will not exceed that limit, or you could be charged an extra cost.
To dispose the waste via renovation, it is usually advisable to opt for Rent a Waste Management Dumpster in Winnebago service. A new Rent a Waste Management Dumpster in Winnebago is used to get rid of excessive numbers of garbage that has been generated from different resources like home remodeling, construction, property cleanup and commercial cleaning. The Rent a Waste Management Dumpster in Winnebago support will slow up the waste materials got rid of in the trash dumps by recycling where possible and also support us in reducing the environmental pollution.
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In some declares, you are needed to obtain a enable before you rent a new dumpster. If you are not certain about the guidelines regarding the rubbish receptacles, you ought to ask your neighborhood company you want to use. They may inform you about any makes it possible for required and where to get them.


text:
Possible Zofran Link to Birth Defects
Use of Zofran in the first trimester of pregnancy has now been linked to birth defects.
What is Zofran?
Zofran is a drug that the FDA approved to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by cancer chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. Zofran is manufactured by GlaxoSmithKline and was initially manufactured by GlaxoWellcome prior to the 2000 merger of GlaxoWellcome and SmithKline Beecham PLC.
Off-Label Use on the Rise
The use of Zofran, also known as ondansetron, for the treatment of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy has steadily increased from 50,000 prescriptions per month in 2008 to 110,000 at the end of 2013.
Scientists' Research
The rise in prescribing ondansetron to pregnant women has been the subject of several studies in the last decade, with conflicting results and scientists from Toronto to Denmark saying more research is needed. Even worse, since morning sickness is most often associated with the first trimester of pregnancy, women prescribed Zofran are taking it during an infant's most crucial development period.
In February 2013, scientists published in the New England Journal of Medicine a study of 2,000 women from a Danish birth registry spanning from 2004 to 2011. It revealed that the medication did not pose harm to fetuses. However, half the women in the study began taking the drug at about 10 weeks – past the window of time when malformations could develop.
In August 2013, scientists met at the International Society of Pharmacoepidemiology meeting in Montreal. A different group of Danish researchers revealed results from their study. They used the same data used in the February 2013 study only expanded it. They used the same national registries, but with more pregnancies over a longer period. They detected a twofold increase in congenital heart defects associated with Zofran during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Another study, done by Sloan epidemiology unit at the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, found a "2-fold increased risk for cleft palate associated with ondansetron taken…in the first trimester of pregnancy."
A recent study by Dr. Gideon Koren published in the December 2014 issue of American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology highlights the risks of pregnant women taking Zofran and notes conflicting studies that cannot rule out dangers to a fetus.
The most common types of birth defects that can potentially come from Zofran include:
Musculoskeletal anomalies
Mouth deformities such as cleft palate
Zofran: The History
On January 4, 1991 the FDA approved Zofran for chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting. In March of 1999, the FDA issued a warning letter to GlaxoWellcome regarding its marketing of Zofran. According to that letter, GlaxoWellcome failed to warn consumers about Zofran's adverse side effects while touting its effectiveness. The FDA approved a generic form of Zofran in December of 2006.
In July 2012, GSK resolved several criminal and civil complaints brought against it by the U.S. Federal government. According to a press release published by the Department of Justice (DOJ), among other things, GSK resolved
"…allegations that it promoted certain forms of Zofran, approved only for post-operative nausea, for the treatment of morning sickness in pregnant women. It also includes allegations that GSK paid kickbacks to health care professionals to induce them to promote and prescribe these drugs as well as the drugs Imitrex, Lotronex, Flovent, and Valtrex. The United States alleges that this conduct cause false claims to be submitted to federal health care programs.
GSK has agreed to pay $1.043 billion relating to false claims from this alleged conduct."
To read the complete DOJ press release, click here.
Ashcraft & Gerel is investigating claims and potential lawsuits against Zofran's manufacturer. If you or someone you know has a child with birth defects linked to taking Zofran, please contact us online today or call 800-829-7037. All consultations with a lawyer are completely free and confidential.
Settlement Doesn't Always Mean Settling for Less Sep 11
Settling cases before trial is an integral part of our civil justice system. In fact, this is what happens most frequently—cases ...
Judge Hears Testimony on Link Between Talcum Powder and Ovarian Cancer Aug 01
Over the past two weeks, Plaintiffs faced an important milestone in the talcum powder litigation as Judge Wolfson presided over a ...
Ashcraft & Gerel Set for January 2019 Trial Against J&J Jan 03
Alleges Johnson's Baby Powder Caused Clients' Ovarian Cancer Washington, DC: Local law firm Ashcraft & Gerel, LLP (A&G) heads to ...


Travelling is fun, exploring a new place even more fun, but you know what's the most fun? Road trips. If you want to make the most of your Singapore visa, then road tripping across the island city is highly recommended. So here are some of the car rentals where you can hire a car to zip through Singapore.
You'll need an international drivers license to drive legally in Singapore.
If you're driving after 7pm your headlights need to be on.
If you're planning on staying for more than 12 months you'll need to convert your license to a Singapore license.
Your license needs to be in English language.
If it is in any other language, you'll need to get an official English translation or an international driver's permit.


DIY injection device for chemical reaction kinetics.
A DIY pipetting robot for biochemistry applications, Part 1: Hardware.
Programming Texas Instruments microcontrollers using the Tiva C LaunchPad.
Wheetrometer Spectrometer update: Part 2.
Updating the WheeTrometer: Code for running the CCD.
Automating valves using a magnetic position sensor.
Improved top seal for homemade reference electrodes.
Booster hardware improves the usable WheeStat voltage range.
SE Regional Meeting of the Amer. Chem. Soc.


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Hi, Deb! If something is not on the menu, it really is going to be up to the Chef or restaurant staff to determine whether or not they can accommodate a request. It may just not be possible, due to the kitchen staging for lunch.
If your heart is set on the steak dinner, I'd say you should switch the reservation to dinner to make sure you can have the wonderful steak meal at Whispering Canyon. If you want to go to the restaurant the day of your reservation and ask before you are seated if your request can be accommodated, just have a back up plan in place in case it's just not possible.


Laurie Leonard (MBA 1977) is executive director of End of Life Choices New York, a nonprofit advocacy, counseling, and educational organization. In the following interview, she discusses the group's mission and her reasons for serving.
"When I got to be in my 40s, I got more curious about death and dying than I had been when I was younger. As I started finding out more, I realized there was a tremendous amount of misinformation out there about death and dying.
"The mission of End of Life Choices New York is to have everybody have the greatest chance possible of having a peaceful death. We educate the public and medical professionals about end-of-life issues, like advance directives, palliative care, and hospice. We provide individual counseling to patients who are dying and their families, and advocate to get the laws changed in New York State to improve end-of-life care. We have gotten several laws passed in New York State having to do with end-of-life care. One, for example, requires doctors to inform patients of their end-of-life options, including hospice and palliative care. This was information that most patients were not receiving from their doctors previously.
"Medical aid in dying is also called physician-assisted death, sometimes. And what it is, is the ability of a mentally competent, terminally ill adult to get a prescription from their doctor that they can use to end their life, if they choose to do so. It's legal now in six states. The people in those states say they feel enormously reassured. A third of those who get the prescription never actually use it, but they feel enormously comforted that if things get rough, they will have that ability to gather their loved ones around them and say goodbye and take this medication. And within five minutes, they're unconscious. Within 30 minutes, they die. Polls show that most of the general public––almost 80 percent––is in favor of legalizing aid in dying.


On this episode, Gerry Wittmann and Cristian Nyari discuss the events of Match Day 7 and take a look at the upcoming European fixtures midweek.
Segment 1 – Match Day 7 served up excitement all around. We review each match and look at some of the team performances so far this season. Some talking points include Leverkusen's struggles so far, Hamburg's important first victory and Dortmund and Bremen's dramatic late wins.
Segment 2 – We speculate on the Bundesliga clubs chances in the Champions League and the Europa League. What can be expected in the Bayern/Manchester City match and can Dortmund and Leverkusen bounce back after going winless in their first match?


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Paper Planes (bra: Sonhos de Papel) é um filme de drama infantojuvenil australiano em 3D de 2015. Dirigido por Robert Connolly, o filme é estrelado por Sam Worthington, David Wenham, Deborah Mailman, e Ed Oxenbould.

O filme conta a história de Dylan Webber, um jovem australiano que descobre que tem talento para fazer aviões de papel e sonha em competir no Campeonato Mundial de Aviões de Papel no Japão.

Estreou nos cinemas australianos em 15 de janeiro de 2015 em 253 telas da Roadshow Films. O filme arrecadou A$ 9,61 milhões nas bilheterias australianas ao final de sua temporada. A história é vagamente inspirada por um episódio de Australian Story chamado "Fly With Me", e foi o centro de um segundo episódio, "The Meaning of Life". Paper Planes foi lançado em DVD e Blu-ray em 24 de junho de 2015 pela Roadshow Entertainment.

Steve Worland, que co-escreveu Paper Planes, novelizou o roteiro em um livro best-seller para jovens leitores. Foi publicado em 2 de janeiro de 2015 pela Puffin Books. Inclui instruções sobre como dobrar um avião de papel, fotos do filme e notas sobre a produção.

Produção
Em 9 de novembro de 2013, as filmagens começaram em Perth na Austrália Ocidental e em Tóquio com a direção de Robert Connolly. Sam Worthington, David Wenham, Julian Dennison e Ed Oxenbould estrelam o filme.

A fotografia principal aconteceu no interior e na região metropolitana da Austrália Ocidental, embora o filme indique o cenário como sendo em New South Wales (já que eles "dirigem até Sydney"). Os locais usados para as filmagens incluem uma escola abandonada em Roleystone, uma velha casa em Baldivis, Challenge Stadium, Whiteman Park, o Zoológico de Perth e o Aviation Heritage Museum em Bull Creek.

Elenco

Recepção
O filme possui atualmente uma taxa de aprovação de 85% no Rotten Tomatoes com base em 26 avaliações. No final de sua corrida, ele arrecadou A $ 9,61 milhões na bilheteria australiana. Simon Weaving, do Screenwize, descreveu o filme como "um conto saudável e alegre de um azarão da escola primária que sonha em chegar ao campeonato mundial de aviões de papel no Japão". Jim Schembri, da 3AW, escreveu em sua crítica: "Em uma das grandes mudanças de marcha da carreira na memória recente, o diretor de Melbourne Robert Connolly, que nos deu dramas marcantes como The Bank, Three Dollars e Balibo, oferece um adorável filme familiar que é edificante, caloroso, vencedor e, acima de tudo, engraçado. " Fiona Williams de sbs.com.au diz: "Há muito o que gostar nas idéias de Paper Planes sobre engenhosidade e resiliência, e isso pode ser um bom presságio para tirar vagabundos da praia e sentar-se no período de lançamento do filme nas férias escolares de fim de verão. "

Embora o filme tenha tido um forte desempenho nas bilheterias domesticamente na Austrália, teve menos sucesso em sua estréia internacional (Reino Unido / Irlanda), estreando na posição 47 e ganhando £ 4.381 em seu fim de semana de estreia (23-25 de outubro de 2015). O filme foi lançado na Espanha em 1 de janeiro de 2016 (o único lançamento europeu do filme em fevereiro de 2016) e estreou na posição 29 com uma receita bruta de US $ 7.577 em 21 telas, para uma média por sala de US $ 361.

Prêmios e Indicações

Filmes da Austrália de 2015
Filmes de drama da Austrália

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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November 7, 2018 By Chris Quartly
Good news, New York is now a blue state (Republicans have held the state senate almost without a break for fifty years). Also good news, it's the weekend. Bonus good news, the following shows:
5) Fucked Up, Bad Waitress, Candy at Market Hotel
Dose Your Dreams is Fucked Up's first record in four years, and their first on Merge Records, it's also a double-album to boot. As you tend to get with records this length, there's an epic sense to it, but it's ambitious rather than bloated, and it's pretty far from the band that closed out 285 Kent (RIP) almost five years ago. Thursday 8pm
4) Birds, Hot Garbage, Heavy Birds, Sun Voyager at ALPHAVILLE
If you want to see some psych rock bands this weekend, then look no further than Alphaville on Thursday, for a mere $8 you can get four of them. Headliners Birds are the most punchy/straightforward, almost poppy of the four (their record, Everything All at Once from last year is quite lovely), while Hot Garbage and Heavy Birds have that deep and classic desert sound, openers Sun Voyager land somewhere a little more classic rock in places. Thursday 8pm
3) Ty Segall, William Tyler at Warsaw
It's hard to keep up with Ty Segall at the best of times, Fudge Sandwich is his fourth record of the year. It's an album of covers including songs by Amon Düül II, Sparks, Funkadelic and more. His show at Warsaw on Friday is a solo acoustic one so it'll be somewhat less rambunctious than the norm… Friday 8pm
2) Drahla, Wax Chattels at Baby's All Right
Captured Tracks are celebrating their tenth anniversary and celebrated by sending Drahla and Wax Chattels on a tour of the US which started at Elsewhere last month, and they are back in Brooklyn to play at Baby's All Right this Sunday, along with an unannounced new Captured Tracks band, it's a bargain at $5 and you can get there early for "free drinks, DJ sets from Meredith Graves + other CT fam, and free stuff!". Sunday 8pm
1) Horrendous, Tomb Mold, Daeva at Saint Vitus Bar
I last saw Horrendous at The Acheron (RIP) three years ago and their new album, Idol, is probably my favourite metal album of the year. Time time around they're fittingly playing the best metal venue in Saint Vitus, what more could you want? Friday 7pm
Filed Under: Events, Music Tagged With: Alphaville, Birds, fucked up, Heavy Birds, Horrendous, Hot Garbage, Market Hotel, saint vitus, Sun Voyager, ty segall, Warsaw


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Sunni militants take control of Iraq-Syria border point - Daily News Egypt
Politics Sunni militants take control of Iraq-Syria border point
Sunni militants take control of Iraq-Syria border point
An army major confirmed that the town and its surrounding areas were in insurgent hands.
Daily News Egypt June 21, 2014 3 Comments
Iraqi troops raise up their weapons as they gather upon their arrival to support the Sunni anti-Al-Qaeda militia Sahwa (Awakening) in its fight against anti-government militants, including from the jihadist Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the Anbar province on June 21, 2014 in the city of Ramadi, west of the capital Baghdad.
(AFP PHOTO / STR)
AFP – Sunni militants led by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant took control of an Iraq-Syria border crossing after Syrian rebels withdrew overnight, security officers and witnesses said.
The sources said insurgents took control of the Al-Qaim border crossing, one of three official border points between Iraq and Syria, after gunmen linked to the Free Syrian Army (FSA) and Al-Qaeda-affiliated Al-Nusra Front left.
"Gunmen took full control of Al-Qaim and areas surrounding it," a police lieutenant colonel said, speaking on condition of anonymity.
He said the militants, who include ISIL but also several other armed Sunni groups, did not enter the actual border crossing buildings for fear of booby traps.
The takeover of Al-Qaim spurred families in the town to flee, according to an Iraqi border guard whose unit is stationed in the town of Rawa, to the east.
Gunmen loyal to the FSA and Al-Nusra Front seized the Iraqi side of the border crossing on 17 June following the withdrawal of security forces and after having already held control of the Syrian side.
A broad militant alliance including ISIL and other groups has overrun a swathe of territory north of Baghdad in less than two weeks, alarming the international community and threatening Iraq's very existence.
After performing poorly during the initial period of the onslaught, the Iraqi security forces appear to have recovered and are fighting to retake territory, with mixed results.
Topics: al nusra Al-Qaeda baghdad Daily News Daily News Egypt DNE FSA gunmen Iraq ISIL militants Syria
Toyota-Orascom-GDF alliance to complete Gulf of Suez wind farm by October
Triple M, Tafila Technical University discuss maximising local component in renewable energy
Pharos closes sale of controlling stake in Spinneys to Investec Asset Management
Hike by 126.4% in Egypt's exports to Jordon during Q1 of 2019
Online industrial investment map to be launched within 2 months: IDA Chairperson
https://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/06/21/sunni-militants-take-control-iraq-syria-border-point/


NGCC, in a superb geographic location with hills behind and the sea in front, offers vast and stunning views. It is not only an international standard golf course, 18 holes, par 72, and 7048 yards, but also a holiday resort suitable for all family members.
NGCC – from the hall, landscaping, and the golf course – is designed, planned, and supervised by the international sculptor Ying-Feng, Yang himself; his ingenious layout can be seen everywhere. The club itself is a giant piece of ground artwork, which let golfers feel that they individually own a 360-degree art theater. Its collection of the original sculpture masterpieces of the famous sculptor can be seen around the 18-hole golf course and can also be enjoyed at the entrance and the vestibule of the first and second hall.
The greens were renovated into a national golf course with Champion Dwarf Bermudagrass used in international championships. Every year many well-known enterprises come here to host invitation tournaments or golf tournaments. In 2012, Ladies Professional Golf Association Tournament and the 11 th Presidential Championship were held here. On the golf course, golfer training facilities such as 80- yard short game driving range, practice putting green, practice sand bunkers, practice chipping and pitching greens, and 200-yard long game driving range are available; both adults and children can use them.
The first hall is more luxurious after renovation, and in 2012, the second hall (Vacation Resort Center) with a Balinese resort style was completed. Members can use a broad range of leisure amenities here, including chess room, fitness center, reading area, parent-child games area, KTV, and billiards area. Also, outdoor BBQ patio and swimming pool are available. The restaurant Four Seasons on the second floor of NGCC Golf Hall provides set menu, table menu, and Cantonese cuisine. Golfers and foodies who love exotic cuisines can try Gusto Restaurant in the second hall. Chefs here have accumulated decades of abundant culinary experience, preparing delicious cuisines by the traditional Italian way. Gusto also serves Thai creative cuisines and introduces exotic dishes from time to time for different seasonal festivals.
There are a total of 48 rooms in the second hall. The classic room is simple and comfortable; the executive deluxe room boasts a big floor-to- ceiling window and there are endless green lawns at the outside of the window; the presidential suite is the largest room in the club, having a spacious living room facing the golf court and the view is fantastic. It is the first choice for fashion celebrities.


Two sets of complete solids contron equipment including shale shaker and mud cleaner were sent to Turkey for customer from oil drilling industry. This customer gets mud tank locally and equip GN equipment.
The equipment involved in this order are used to a project with treating capacity more than 1000GPM. GN largest capacity model mud cleaner GNZJ853-3S16N with 3 ea 10" desander cone and 16 ea 4" desilter was favoured by the customer. Following the shale shaker and cleaner, there are also 2 years spare shaker screens for customer's stock to make sure the continuous drlling operation.
As the geographical position, Turkey has rich resource for oil. Some of the drilling contractor do the drilling job with persons who come from other Middle East countries. GN already exported to Turkey complete mud recycling system, Decanter Centrifuge. Some customer in Turkey from mining industry also contacted with GN Solids Control to talk about equipment application in their business.


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Jordan Rakei, the introverted multi-instrumentalist: 'My only hurdle is shyness'
Martyn Pepperell | Contributor
Martyn Pepperell talks to New Zealand-born, Australia-raised vocalist, multi-instrumentalist, and producer Jordan Rakei about his shyness and his new album Wallflower, out now on Ninja Tune.
"I have a friend who thinks that being an introvert just means you don't need stimulation from other people," says New Zealand-born, Australia-raised vocalist, multi-instrumentalist and producer Jordan Rakei when we meet up in central London's artsy Lambeth district on a sunny Wednesday afternoon in August. Jordan's talking to me about introversion because, alongside anxiety, it sits at the heart of his second, fittingly titled album, Wallflower. "That's me, and I feel like a lot of my friends would connect with that," he continues, soy flat white in hand. "We're lonesome people, that's how we develop our craft. We are by ourselves a lot, and we don't really need external input. We make our music in our own space. That is what my whole album is about, being a loner."
Jordan is 25, with short preppy hair, empathetic eyes, and, after close to two years living in London, an accent closer to British than anywhere in the antipodes. The night before, Jordan and his tightly-poised backing band presented music from his album inside a cramped basement club in Shoreditch. It was an industry showcase for Ninja Tune, the legendary English independent label Jordan signed to earlier in the year, and through whom he recently released Wallflower. Playing guitar and singing with ease, spirit and passion, he won over even the most jaded attendees.
"It's seldom you come across an artist who can write, play, produce and perform to the level Jordan can," enthuses Ninja Tune's international manager Nicky Wain by email. "We've been huge fans since he started to release music and after seeing his performance at London's esteemed Jazz Cafe, it was clear we wanted the honor of releasing his music and working to get it in front of the world." At 25, Jordan has the skills to do everything Ninja Tune credit him with precisely because his feelings of introversion and anxiety forced him to be a loner, but we'll get back to that later on.
They aren't the only people within his orbit quick to praise him either. Before London, Jordan lived in Brisbane, where he regularly collaborated with a generation of newer New Zealand, Australian and American musicians, beatmakers and DJs including Noah Slee, Louis Baker, Hiatus Kaioyte, Ta-Ku, Mr. Carmack and the Soulection crew. "Jordan's music is deep and complex," explains Noah Slee. "I feel blessed to know Jordan and experience his gifts… It's a truly soulful experience."
"Seeing his rise has been a joy," adds Louis Baker. "I'm totally stoked to see his trajectory. He is very talented, and highly driven as well."
Endowed with a voice equally informed by Motown and New Zealand soul, hip-hop production chops cribbed from studying A Tribe Called Quest records, and a love of the simplicity vintage reggae basslines, Jordan's had a cult following since he released his first EP Franklin's Room in 2013. Before its release, Jordan developed his production and playing skills as a teenager.
Music was a big part of his childhood, and when he showed an interest in taking it more seriously, his family were so supportive that, when he turned 14, his father bought him an AKAI MPC sampler and a Mac. Instruments followed. "I played guitar all the time in my room, and would post Stevie Wonder covers online," Jordan says. "I kept my headphones on, and my head down. I never went out or partied."
"Even today, after a big night last night, I'm up early and in the studio," he laughs. After high school, Jordan started working at a supermarket. He was living with his mother rent free, so he saved up enough money to buy more studio gear, complete his first EP, and buy flights to the UK. His father and younger brother were working in the mines in Perth at the time, and in Jordan's words, "getting crazy money." They told Jordan that if he quit his supermarket job, and focused on music, they'd give him half his weekly wage, and he could pay them back when he could. Jordan accepted.
In the early days, Jordan's support mostly lived within the beats, future jazz, and experimental rap underground. Once he'd relocated to London, Jordan connected with a new generation of electronic jazz musicians and dance music DJs. They included Yussef Kamaal, United Vibrations, Tom Misch, Loyle Carner, Richard Spaven, Alfa Mist, Bradley Zero (of Rhythm Section), and even pop future garage sensations Disclosure. Bradley Zero encouraged Jordan to try his hand at dance music, and a house music side project called Dan Kye was born. "Today I've been making Dan Kye remixes of songs off Wallflower, which is difficult because I already know what they sound like but I have to make them danceable now," he laughs.
Not long after Jordan arrived in London, he received an email from Disclosure. A friend of theirs had seen him play in Sydney, and suggested they check him out. They made a tune together called 'Masterpiece,' which served as the coda to Disclosure's second album Caracel. 'Masterpiece,' didn't blow Jordan up, but in conjunction with the release of his first album Cloak, he scored some nice opportunities. He opened up for NAO and Jamie Woon, played at Pitchfork's Avant-Garde Block Party, and began receiving radio support from UK tastemakers like Annie Mac, and Huw Stephens at BBC Radio 1, plus Mary Anne Hobbs and Gilles Peterson from BBC Radio 6 Music.
While Jordan was writing Cloak, he began to practice meditation. It was his way of dealing with feelings of anxiety that had long plagued him. "I had all these ideas trapped in my head because I was too afraid to say them in person," he admits. 'When I started meditating, I could analyse my subconscious." His thoughts began to flow out freely as music. "Music is just an easier language for me," he admits.
If Cloak was about looking inward, Wallflower was about dealing with what Jordan found there, and finding a way out. Part of this process was the opening up of collaboration, letting musicians like Dave Okumu of The Invisible, and Ahmad Dayes and Wayne Francis II from United Vibrations play on the record. Another part was verbalising his anxieties and fears in a suite of songs which interlace modern soul and jazz with touches of dark psychedelica and shimmering electronics. In the process, Jordan referenced every stage of his musical development. Stuttering MPC grooves borrowed from '90s rap. Lush chords that riffed on the work of Robert Glasper and D'Angelo. Fading childhood memories of dub reggae. His love of, and affinity with, New Zealand-based hi-tek soul bands Fat Freddy's Drop and Electric Wire Hustle, and the studied emptiness of mediation. All of these things coalesced into what is fast becoming his high watermark moment.
The Wallflower album cover.
Jordan knew everything was on track for Wallflower when he stumbled across the photograph that serves as the album cover. Twenty-one years old, the image depicts a four-year-old Jordan holding an inverted umbrella. "It encapsulates the beginning of the anxiety," Jordan reflects. "The story is my dad was taking the photo, and I was worried people were looking at me. When he told me that, I thought, 'Yes!' That's exactly it. I've only realised now, but music was the only way to work with it."
That same year, Jordan's Cook Islands Māori father and New Zealand mother relocated the family from a small North Island town to Brisbane, Australia. Jordan doesn't specify which country the photo was taken in, and maybe it doesn't matter. They came in pursuit of a better life for the family, but Jordan's father never let Jordan or his brother forget where they were from. "It was important to him that we were New Zealanders in Australia," Jordan recalls. "It was a big thing, even with basic stuff like sports, dad would always make sure we supported New Zealand teams. It's a weird one, I was raised in Australia, but I am the product of New Zealand culture. I was raised by Kiwis."
Thinking back to his performance the night before, I ask Jordan how he feels on stage. "I always judge myself by this standard: Am I the same on stage as I am around my parents?" he says. "I think I'm getting there. Do you know that rapper Anderson Paak? He has an amazing show, but I'm sure that around his mum he is very different. I just want to be able to go on stage and play my songs with no bravado. My only hurdle is shyness. When I can open up, say jokes, and be cheeky, I'll know I'm there. I'm close."
Here's the thing though Jordan, you're far closer than you think.
We're giving away one copy of Jordan Rakei's album Wallflower on LP. To win it, be the first person to politely email info@thespinoff.co.nz asking for it.
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How Noah Slee's new album saved him from himself
Martyn Pepperell