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The Growers, Bakers and Beekeepers Embracing the Terroir of American Cities – The New York Times
THE GRAPEVINES RISE at the corner of East 66th Street and Hough Avenue in Cleveland, 14 trim green rows claiming over half a city block — a little less than an acre — beside an abandoned building with boarded-up windows, whose rolling lawn on a summer morning is as lush as Versailles's. The sky is brilliant and wide above stoplights and swoops of telephone wire. Across the tar-patched street stand storefronts behind scissor gates and a former grocery whose facade half collapsed last May, raining brick on the sidewalk. Down the avenue, the walls of another boarded-up building have been commandeered as an outdoor art gallery, papered over in posters with messages: "I survived the Hough riots"; "Growing your own food is like printing your own money."
For centuries, the French have used the word "terroir" to describe the environment in which a wine is produced. Going back to the Latin "terra," "earth," it's rooted in a traditional vision of the countryside and has become more fervently embraced as our agrarian past recedes. Today, more than half the world's population lives in cities, and an estimated 800 million of us take part in some form of urban farming, producing as much as one-fifth of the food we eat — recalibrating both our idea of agriculture and the mystique of origins. When Mansfield Frazier planted his Cleveland vineyard in 2010, which he christened Château Hough, he became part of an unofficial movement of urban dwellers across America transforming vacant lots, rooftops and their own backyards into farms, vineyards and apiaries, encouraged in part by government grants aimed at revitalizing cities.
Frazier was warned about the potentially stunting effects of exhaust from passing cars, and was told he'd be lucky if the plants grew shoulder high. Instead, "they jumped out of the ground," he says, reaching 12 feet the first year. The soil turned out to be good for grapes: Sandy and loose, it harbors heat, drains well, resists pests and allows the vines' roots to go deep. Frazier added a little phosphorous at the beginning, but has otherwise left it pretty much alone. Although he'd dreamed of making chardonnay, he was advised that European viniferas might be too delicate for Ohio, where temperatures can drop below zero. So he chose cold-hardy hybrids, Traminette and Frontenac, which have survived winters when larger rural vineyards in the state lost whole crops.
Proximity to water is key, and Lake Erie, two miles to the north, keeps the air cold in spring, protecting the vines from early budding, and warm as summer leaks into fall, so the grapes cling and ripen longer, building up their sugars before harvest. To give the vines unfettered sun, Frazier took a chain saw to the shady scrub trees that had sprung up along the plot; to nourish them, he considered, then rejected, the idea of sprinklers. The grapes were patient and there was rain enough.
"God is on our side," he says.
While bee populations have waned throughout rural America, urban hives are thriving in cities such as Detroit, producing honey that's reminiscent of mint, clover or goldenrod.Credit…Photo by Patricia Heal. Prop styling by Martin Bourne
IN THE 13TH CENTURY, terroir was simply a practical way to delineate the right soils for growing grapes, as the American historian Kolleen M. Guy writes in "When Champagne Became French: Wine and the Making of a National Identity" (2003). Only toward the end of the 16th century did the word take on a sensory dimension, eventually yielding the phrase "goût du terroir" — today popularly subsumed in and implied by "terroir" alone — to explain how the profile of a wine reflects its origins; to identify a taste of place.
Still, to this day, no one can agree on what, precisely, terroir is, or if it even exists. Some limit it to the gifts of nature, those ecological conditions — the chemistry of the soil (which the British wine writer Hugh Johnson described as "the unseen dankness where the vine roots suck"), levels of water and sunlight, climate, elevation and altitude, topographical contours, surrounding biodiversity — that predate the arrival of the vintner, whose interventions may enhance but not fundamentally change the ahistoric essence of the wine. Others point out that there is no scientific basis for a physical transmission of minerals from the ground to the final press of grapes. Instead, they argue, nature is but one factor, and terroir is best understood as a dialogue between land and vintner, who is no mere steward but a necessary partner, devoting labor and knowledge, and perhaps imparting something of the human soul.
In either case, terroir must be earned: coaxed out over decades, even generations. (In France, winemaking goes back to the sixth century B.C.) But Frazier does not hail from a long line of vintners. Now 77, he grew up a couple of miles away in Central, a Black neighborhood where Langston Hughes wrote his first poems. The son of a church deacon and saloonkeeper who ran a thriving gambling operation on the side, Frazier became first a pipe welder and then, as he describes it, a "career counterfeiter," with a specialty in credit-card fraud, before landing in prison. There he turned to the written word and, in 1995, his essay collection "From Behind the Wall: Commentary on Crime, Punishment, Race and the Underclass by a Prison Inmate" was published by the Minnesota-based Paragon House, which cast the author as "a latter-day Virgil, inviting us to descend with him into the modern American inferno."
A few years after his release, Frazier headed home to Cleveland and settled in Hough, once among the city's poorest neighborhoods, whose population as of the last census, in 2010, was 94 percent Black. The streets still bear the scars of the historic riots — "I prefer to call it the uprising," he says — of July 1966, which were set off in the middle of a heat wave when a Black man was refused a glass of water at a white-owned cafe. (A grand jury report, released a month later, floated the false theory that "trained and disciplined professionals," abetted by members of the Communist Party, had incited the violence, not unlike the accusations against "outside instigators" after last spring's protests over the police killing of George Floyd.) With his wife, Brenda, Frazier built a home and a nonprofit organization to help prisoners re-enter society. He kept an eye on an apartment building across the street that he suspected had become a hub of drug activity, and when it was eventually torn down, he got a federal grant to convert the lot into an urban vineyard, and brought in formerly incarcerated people from a nearby halfway house to help build trellises and plant the vines.
The vineyards of Cleveland's Château Hough.Credit…Courtesy of Château Hough
Do the wines of Château Hough — Frazier's favorite is a crisp, sweet white named Sassy — owe their character to soil enriched by the glacial lakes that covered Ohio thousands of years ago, or to the fires that ravaged these streets in 1966, or to the men who, working the vines, began a new life? "The grapes don't know there was a riot here," Frazier says. But he does.
WE INVOKE TERROIR today in all manner of food and drink, to praise the velvety finish of chocolate from the coast of Venezuela, say, or the icy clarity of uni from Hokkaido, Japan. But terroir wasn't always desirable. When taken strictly as a matter of geology, it could yield flaws as well as virtues. In "Tasting French Terroir: The History of an Idea" (2015), Thomas Parker, an American scholar of French literature, points to a 16th-century French treatise that snubbed wines in which the taste of soil was too dominant, a sign of coarseness. This sentiment persisted through the 1964 publication of the revered American wine importer and advocate Frank Schoonmaker's "Encyclopedia of Wine," in which he defines goût du terroir as an "earthy flavor, somewhat unpleasant," adding, "superior wines rarely if ever have much of this."
Nevertheless, terroir — in the broader sense, place of origin — is now law in France, codified in a system designed to protect certain regional products from the diminishment of false rivals. Since 1927 no sparkling wine may be called Champagne unless its grapes are grown in the Champagne wine region in northeastern France; only Roquefort cheese made in the caves of Roquefort-sur-Soulzon may bear that name, as first decreed in 1411. This is at once a marketing tool and a cultural statement (with nationalistic undertones), championing literal roots in the land.
The United States is a young nation by comparison, and beholden instead to the formative myth that whatever your birth — your origin — you can be anything (even if that isn't true). When it comes to character, terroir isn't fixed; it can even be defeated, and certainly reinvented. And so the term is applied more loosely and freely here, not to recall some lost pastoral idyll but to conjure a more metaphorical state of rootedness, as an antidote to the industrialization in the wake of World War II that flooded American homes with processed and unnervingly uniform foods — "placeless and faceless" commodities, as the cultural anthropologist Amy B. Trubek writes in "The Taste of Place: A Cultural Journey Into Terroir" (2008). This cheap bounty promised an end to hunger, but at the expense of part of what makes us human: a connection to our surroundings and the labor with which we make them our own. In this context, terroir offers a way to distinguish the particular from the generic, the personal from the corporate, what is local and what could come from anywhere.
But what does place taste like? Two years ago, Nora Lidgus, a 39-year-old baker and artist then working at a three-Michelin-star restaurant in Manhattan, was asked by her boss to make a single loaf of bread — but it had to be, he told her, "the best bread in the world." Instead, she set out to make bread that could exist only in New York. She filled sterilized jars with sourdough starters — a combination of flour from wheat grown in New York State and tap water — then planted them around the city to suck in wild yeasts from the air, along with microbes from passers-by, souvenirs from the crush of urban life. (This was long before the coronavirus, back when we shared microbes without thinking.) One jar went in the southern end of Central Park, where it was watched over by a guard at a kiosk; another stood outside a private dining room on the fourth floor of the Metropolitan Museum of Art on the Upper East Side; and the third and riskiest was tied to a rope and slung over a beam off the Brooklyn Bridge.
Nora Lidgus's sliced Central Park sourdough.Credit…Nora Lidgus
Every day for two weeks she visited each site, lifted the cheesecloth covers and fed the starters flour and tap water, careful to check the jar on the bridge only when nobody was looking. (She'd petitioned the city for a permit but never heard back.) When it came time to bake the loaves, the Met's turned out smooth and congenial, born of comfort, "the bread version of table wine," she says, while Central Park's was floral and crustier, a little rugged at the edges. The starter from the Brooklyn Bridge produced the most alcohol, which made the bread sweeter, so she added seeds and rye to balance it out. Still, not every locale yielded an intriguing result: When she attempted another starter near the Gowanus Canal, it never took on identity; instead, the resultant bread reminded her of the King Arthur starter kit. (She blamed this, symbiotically, on her lack of a personal connection to the neighborhood.)
To be a baker, Lidgus explains, is to be half control freak, half submissive to fate; to embrace a life of eternal adjustments. There was an element of uncertainty in hanging a jar off the Brooklyn Bridge, in that she would never know the whole story, what cars, birds and people roared, fluttered and shuffled by, or if someone spied the rope and hauled it up to take a peek. A sourdough starter effectively eats the air around us and takes part of us with it; this one, suspended at the heavily trafficked meeting point of two boroughs, had potentially invited the whole world's microbes in. What — who — was in there, exactly? This was her ode to New York, and New York was chaos. "I like my city messy," she says.
It's a common misbelief that terroir is a concept singular to the French, and that no corresponding word exists in other cultures. But the Chinese "fengtu" and the Japanese "fudo" — literally, "wind and soil" — have long been used to define how geography and climate shape the character of both regions and the people who live in them. More intimately, the Korean "son-mat" translates as "the taste of your hands," attributing the flavor of food to the touch of the person who makes it: almost a microterroir, distinct to each individual. For Lidgus's New York project, she borrowed a term from the art world, saying, "All sourdough is site-specific" — work that is created in and for one place and would lose meaning if shifted elsewhere.
CHICORY AND CLOVER, dandelion and milkweed, catmint and hawthorn, mulberry and crab apple: This is the feast that awaits the bees of Detroit, where between 60,000 and 70,000 vacant lots, just under a third of the city's land, brim with blossoms, and perennials like tiger lilies and asters still find their way out of the ground behind abandoned homes. In 2013, the city went broke, declaring the largest municipal bankruptcy in American history, with $18 million in debt. Nicole Lindsey, 37, and Timothy Paule, 36, lived through the gutting of public services in their neighborhoods and witnessed how talk of revitalization never seemed to include the voices of people in working-class communities. In 2017, they took matters into their own hands — "We can be our own heroes," Paule says — and for $340 bought three partial lots in Detroit, a total of 3,500 square feet, where they set up three hives.
Today, through their nonprofit venture, Detroit Hives, Lindsey and Paule have expanded to 13 locations, partnering with local schools and community gardens, and tend more than three million bees. And while bee populations are declining precipitously across the country — each winter of the past decade, American beekeepers have lost between a quarter and half of their colonies — scientists report the opposite here. Where bees in rural areas must often make do with pesticide-strafed monoculture crops, they find abundance in cities whose empty lots, conventionally considered signs of urban blight, teem with undisturbed and luxuriant life. These conditions affect not just the survival of the bees but the taste of their honey, which is "extremely local," Paule says, and changes by the season. In spring, Detroit's terroir has notes of mint; in fall, the hives give off the scent of clover and goldenrod.
Detroit Hives' East Warren Apiary.Credit…Brian Dawson
To "eat local" is a modern mantra, driven by concern over climate change and the hulking trucks that haul produce and livestock from coast to coast. But it's also a commitment to the idea of locality — the transformation of the space we move through into a place that is recognizably ours, be it a region, a city or a single block. With honey, to eat local is to go a step further and become local, taking into your body the traces of nectar and pollen from the surrounding flowers and trees, which some believe might help your immune system learn to be in tune with your surroundings and less prone to allergies. (Paule notes that local honey put an end to months of his hacking cough.)
And maybe this is the true purpose of terroir, to anchor us in place, to give us a stake in the world. The French social theorist Henri LeFebvre, writing shortly before the May 1968 student demonstrations in Paris, which catalyzed a wave of protests and strikes and brought France to a standstill, famously declared a "right to the city" — a right to have a say in the shaping of the urban environment and to live in a place where use and pleasure are privileged over profit. A few decades later, the British social theorist and geographer David Harvey, amplifying the idea, argued that this right means more than simply access to urban resources: It is "the freedom to make and remake our cities and ourselves."
Belonging somewhere isn't as straightforward as having an address, and even more so as the demands of virtual and global citizenship come to take precedence over the physical reality of neighborhoods. In cities like Cleveland, Detroit and New York, a neighborhood is never a constant or a given; it requires conscious engagement with others and daily traversals of space, fending off the intrusions and urgencies of capital, be they in the form of gentrification or real estate development, and wearing down what will become familiar paths, even if there's no ultimate destination beyond returning home. Trubek writes that "locating food makes it ours," but it also helps to tell us who we are. Before there can be a taste of place, we first must make a place of our own.
Filed Under: Vineyards


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This Is Why People Think UFOs Look Like 'Flying Saucers'
A picture, taken through the window of a laboratory by a U.S. coastguard, shows four unidentified flying objects as bright lights in the sky, in Salem, Mass. on Aug. 3, 1952.
Popperfoto / Getty Images
By Jennifer Latson
June 24, 2015 10:30 AM EDT
It's credited as the first modern UFO sighting and the origin of America's obsession with flying saucers. But it might have all been based on what The Atlantic calls "one of the most significant reporter misquotes in history."
On this day, June 24, in 1947, an amateur pilot was on his way to an air show in Oregon when he saw a bright blue flash of light in the sky near Mount Rainier. At first he thought it was the sun glinting off another aircraft, but the only other plane around was about 15 mi. away, and not glinting. Then he saw nine more flashes of light, in quick succession — coming from what he later described as unidentified flying objects.
It was when the pilot, Kenneth Arnold, tried to describe the motion of the objects to a reporter for the United Press that the mix-up occurred. He said they flew "like a saucer if you skip it across the water." The reporter took this to mean that the objects themselves were saucer-like, and news reports across the country repeated that Arnold had seen "flying saucers."
Suddenly everyone was seeing what Arnold had seen, except that he hadn't. Per TIME: "By July 4, newspapers were heralding literally hundreds of reports of 'flying saucers' in skies across the nation."
On July 7, a New Mexico rancher reported finding what he thought was the crash site of a flying saucer near Roswell, N.M. When he shared his theory with officials at the Roswell Army Air Field, they concurred, and issued a press release claiming they had "captured" a flying saucer. (The next day, cooler heads prevailed higher up the chain of command. The Air Force retracted the claim and said that what they had actually captured were the remains of a weather balloon.)
But while Arnold didn't say he'd seen saucers, he believed he'd seen something otherworldly. He'd calculated the speed of the flying objects at more than 1,200 mph — nearly twice the speed of sound, at a time when planes hadn't yet cracked the sound barrier.
He couldn't come up with an explanation other than the extraterrestrial, since the flying pattern of the objects was too erratic for planes and too fast for almost anything else.
"Everyone says I'm nuts," he's quoted as saying in a 1947 newspaper story, "and I guess I'd say it too if someone else reported those things. But I saw them and watched them closely."
Although the objects Arnold saw have never been incontrovertibly identified, the Air Force eventually offered a better explanation for the Roswell crash site — and even admitted to a cover-up of sorts, according to TIME. That weather balloon wasn't really a weather balloon, the Air Force acknowledged in 1994, but neither was it a flying saucer: Most likely it was one of a train of high-altitude balloons carrying acoustical equipment to monitor Soviet nuclear tests in the years following World War II.
Read more about flying saucers, here in the TIME Archives: Did Aliens Really Land?
Get our History Newsletter. Put today's news in context and see highlights from the archives.
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This Soccer Team's New Mascot Will Haunt Your Every Waking Moment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Червоноармейское — название населённых пунктов на Украине:

 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Анно-Мусиевка в Солонянском районе Днепропетровской области.
Червоноармейское — до 1966 г. название города Вольнянск в Запорожской области.
Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Таврийское в Акимовском районе Запорожской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Долинка в Васильевском районе Запорожской области.
Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Бакумовка в Барышевском районе Киевской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название посёлка Мирное в Белокуракинском районе Луганской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название посёлка Мирное в Николаевском районе Николаевской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Новокальчево в Берёзовском районе Одесской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Кубей в Болградском районе Одесской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Полковничье в Великобурлукском районе Харьковской области.
Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Вишнёвое в Зачепиловском районе Харьковской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Черешневое в Высокопольском районе Херсонской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Вольное в Горностаевском районе Херсонской области.
 Червоноармейское — до 2016 г. название села Вишнёвое в Бобровицком районе Черниговской области.

См. также
 Червоноармейск
 Красноармейское
 Червоноармейское Первое
 Червоная Армия

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980.00 sqft. - 999.00 sqft.
VGN Brookville is a residential project developed by VGN Homes at Avadi in Avadi. The project aims to offer a comfortable living condition to the residents by encompassing , adding to its existing many facilities.


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Massive Turd Won't Flush
Filed to:dan bishop
Photo: Chuck Burton (AP Photo)
After the Islamophobic pastor got dunked on by his ethical son and booted from office for employing operatives that illegally stuffed the ballot box, North Carolinians have chosen to replace him with...a somehow even worse, transphobic white guy.
Dan Bishop, a state senator, cruised through the GOP primary for the Ninth District special congressional election, claiming 48 percent of the vote on Tuesday. Bishop was long viewed as the front-runner given his political experience and name recognition; he defeated snake-swamp man Stony Rushing and eight other candidates to claim the Republican slot. He will now face Democratic candidate Dan McCready in the general election on Sept. 10.
Without diminishing the fact that Mark Harris was a blowhard liar, it's hard to overstate just how big of a piece of shit Bishop has been in his years as an elected official. He's best known for authoring the infamous House Bill 2, a piece of legislation that came to be known as the "bathroom bill," even though its most heinous aspects involved stripping legal protections from the LGBTQ community in addition to policing restrooms.
There's also the time Bishop referred to Raleigh journalists—a respectable lot—as "jihad media" and the time Bishop invested in a website harboring open white supremacists to give the finger to "thought police tech giants." There was also the time Bishop said neo-Nazis and Black Lives Matter are basically two sides of the same coin. And the time that he, along with plenty of others, sold his soul to Big Ag and decided that the poor people getting cancer and other diseases from literal pig shit runoff entering their water sources deserved it for living there in the first place. (That last one is wild not in the least part because Bishop sponsored it as a representative of Mecklenburg County, arguably the least agricultural county in the entire state!) And that's all in just the last three-plus years since he joined the General Assembly.
Given that HB2 stands out as arguably the biggest black eye in modern North Carolina legislative history and the fact that Republicans were caught cheating in this election just four months ago, the party is justifiably concerned that their Evil White Man No. 2 could lose a seat that's been in their grasp for five decades. So it comes as little shock that they're dipping into the tried-and-true method of screaming "SOCIALIST!" at McCready, despite the fact that McCready is a moderate lib at best.
Last night's results do feel like the only plausible Hell World outcome: A racist, fear-mongering good-ol'-boy Trump knockoff rises to fill the void left by a marginally better bigot.
North Carolina GOP Candidate Mark Harris Believes Islam Is 'Satanic'
Democrat Running for Congress Shows He Is a Shameful Coward
Republican Smart Enough Not to Run Again Amid Election Fraud Scandal in North Carolina


Just 4 more in stock for $363, hurry!
Amazing tyre wet or dry....smooth ride, quiet...5 stars!!
I can't fault these tyres yet. Having only driven a few thousand kilometres, I can't comment on treadwear (hence the three star), but handling, grip and quiet road noise are all superb. Not the cheapest Tyre, but they are well worth the extra coin.
Ordered 10AM and they showed up to my workplace the same day! Unbelievable service! The tyres themself work tremendously well, I was especially impressed by their grip in the wet. Confidence inspiring and comfortable. Highly recommend these tyres. Got them for my 2012 VE SV6.


Don't be fooled into thinking that sunglasses chains are purely functional - Rihanna and Leandra Cohen make them look so covetable. Made from polished gold-tone metal, Rosantica's chunky 'Fortuna' style can be attached to any frame. Just loop the ends around the tips of your shades.


According to a survey of lawyers and insolvency professionals carried out by Encompass Corporation, over 40 per cent believe that claims will not proceed because of the change in the law and a lack of available funding.
A legal change that came into effect in April this year means that many businesses will not be able to claim unpaid invoices if a supplier goes bust or doesn't pay. Where does this leave SMEs?
Last December, the Government announced that the insolvency exemption from the provisions of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) would end. With effect from April 2016 the success fee and the adverse costs insurance premium will no longer be recoverable from the losing defendant in insolvency cases.
A legal change that came into effect in April this year means that many businesses will not be able to claim unpaid invoices if a supplier goes bust or doesn't pay. Where does this leave SMEs? Praseeda Nair Last December, the Government announced that the insolvency exemption from the provisions of the Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Act 2012 (LASPO) would end.
To receive a copy of the survey results, simply enter your email address and we will send them to you.


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Buzz & Bulletin
Saluting Colorado Springs' veteran entrepreneurs
For more than 70 years, Colorado Springs' veterans have formed a strong community around our region's long-standing military presence and thriving aerospace and defense industry. Today, Colorado Springs is one of the top places in the nation for veterans to start a new chapter of their lives and careers, thanks to the wealth of benefits that come with the way we do business in Colorado Springs.
WalletHub just announced their "2019 Best & Worst Places for Veterans to Live," listing Colorado Springs in the top 10 at #6 in the nation! This Veterans Day, we salute our veterans who utilize their unique values and skillsets to elevate our community and local economy.
Veteran entrepreneurs aim high in Colorado Springs
Who are Colorado Springs' veteran entrepreneurs? Their career fields widely vary, but a common theme unites them all: a spirit of leadership and steady hand of experience have allowed their businesses to soar.
Equipped with an intimate knowledge of our nation's defense and security priorities, many of Colorado Springs' veterans have become an integral part of the innovation driving our region's cybersecurity and IT industry. As the founder and owner of Colorado Springs-based Firma IT Solutions, Air Force veteran Rodney Gullatte, Jr. has made a substantial local impact. He also serves as a founder of the Colorado Springs Black Business Network, a consultant for the Pikes Peak Small Business Development Center (SBDC), and a leading member in a host of other community and business organizations. In addition, Navy veteran Tim Jones has led data analytics company ISSAC to provide world-class solutions to the military along with healthcare and energy providers.
Other Colorado Springs' veterans, like Mark Swarney of Custom Linings, Inc. and Josh Phifer of Barn Owl, have put their military experience to use by developing successful high tech solutions for diverse industries. Swarney got his start in industrial linings while working on defense products as an Air Force servicemember. Phifer, a fellow Air Force veteran, has found that "being in the military is comparable to starting a company" in the process of creating surveillance systems to help rural businesses be more productive and secure.
Last but not least, Colorado Springs' veterans have created a fully-fledged craft beverage scene of veteran-owned breweries to enrich the local community. Army veteran Todd Baldwin has led his team at Red Leg Brewing Co. to become one of the fastest-growing breweries in the state while also volunteering to build new houses for veterans in need. Cockpit Craft Distillery, owned by Air Force veteran Calder Curtis, proudly pursues their mission to provide customers with unique craft spirits and promote the aviation industry's rich history. Other veteran-owned businesses in Colorado Springs' craft beverage industry include 3 Hundred Days Distilling, Peaks N Pines, Springs Beer Tours, and Colorado Mountain Brewery.
Local resources provide a launchpad for success
For every veteran who contemplates starting their own business in Colorado Springs, there are a host of resources to help turn their idea into reality.
On the educational front, the Boots to Suits program at University of Colorado Colorado Springs provides student veterans with hands-on career preparation, networking opportunities, and support with reintegration into the workforce. Colorado Springs' veterans can also find traction for their small business ventures through free one-on-one business consulting and affordable, specialized training programs with the Pikes Peak SBDC.
Furthermore, the Military Affairs Council (MAC) supports Colorado Springs' veterans in building relationships with local businesses and community members. The MAC has advocated and partnered with industry leaders to ensure that Colorado Springs feels like home to the men and women who have courageously served our nation.
With so many success stories to highlight, it's not an overstatement to say that Colorado Springs' veterans constitute one of the deepest talent pools in our region.
Contact us to learn more about the benefits of starting a business as a veteran in Colorado Springs.
Categorized in: Blog, Business Development, Defense Development


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Ep 49: Potential Inheritance: Include In Your Retirement Plan Or Not?
May 28, 2020 - by Editor
You live below your means and invest for your future … similar to your parents. Now your parents are getting older, and it seems fairly clear they'll be leaving you an inheritance at some point. Meanwhile you're still working. Should you include the potential inheritance in your retirement plan?
Banking on an expected inheritance for your retirement plan involves risk. Hear Kevin discuss real-life cases where it was appropriate and another where it was too risky.
6:25 – Market Commentary: Encouraged But Not Out Of The Woods Yet
17:57 – Lean Towards The Conservative Side When Incorporating An Inheritance In Your Financial Plan
24:25 – 1st Client Case – Open Communication About Finances
30:03 – 2nd Client Case – Less Certainty About What The Future Holds
36:51 – 3rd Client Case – An Awkward Conversation Can Make A Great Impact On A Financial Plan
Walter Storholt: Hey there, and welcome to another edition of Retire Smarter with Kevin Kroskey. I'm Walter Storholt. Kevin is the President and Wealth Advisor at True Wealth Design, serving you throughout Northeast Ohio, and Southwest Florida. You can find us online by going to truewealthdesign.com. Kevin, great to talk with you once again this week as we near the end of May. We're in the final week of May. Unbelievable, Kevin, that the year has flown by as fast as it has with all that's going on. It hasn't been a boring year with so much in the news and so much happening, and I think that's helped this year just fly by even faster at this point.
Kevin Kroskey: No doubt. It's been an interesting year, for sure. But I had something; actually, I had a customer complaint since we last recorded, and I thought I'd share it.
Walter Storholt: You're sure you want to bring that up?
Kevin Kroskey: Well, so full disclosure here, transparency is key in this sort of business. I was teaching my daughter how to play checkers. I'm going through and teaching her about, well, you don't want to move there unless you have support. She really liked the idea of getting Kings and being able to move all around the board. I'm going through and teaching her how to move, and I'm playing against her. Once the board becomes more spacious, it gets a little bit more complicated. There's just a lot more thinking and thinking ahead. We were going through that, and I said, "Well, maybe, you want to move here." She did, and then I made the mistake of not thinking ahead far enough. Actually, the advice that I gave her turned out to be bad advice.
Kevin Kroskey: Literally, she looked at me just stunned, her eyes wide open, and just directly leaning into mine, and said, "Daddy, you gave me bad advice." It wasn't that she said, daddy, you told me a bad move or something, but she said bad advice. I'm like, "Oh no, I'm in the advice business. What are you saying?" Technically, it wasn't a customer complaint; it was a child complaint, which I don't have to file in my compliance folder or anything like that. But it was just funny how she said it, so I responded to her. I said, "Well, Aubrey, do you want me to teach you how to play, or do you just want to win?" She says, very deliberately, said, "Daddy, I just want to win."
Walter Storholt: She's got the heart of a competitor.
Kevin Kroskey: Oh, for sure. I have no clue whatsoever where she gets that from. My wife just looks at me every time that there's something of the sort that comes out like that. But it was just a really fun and funny moment for us. We've gotten into so many different things, family-oriented, like playing checkers. We haven't moved on to chess yet. We've got to master checkers, playing Rummy, and all kinds of other card games, but that was just something that came out that I don't think I'll forget that. Yeah, my daughter accused me of giving bad advice. I have to go ahead and repent for that today and see if I can do a good job talking about ways to retire smarter.
Walter Storholt: There was a moment in the office where something similar happens, and they go, life lesson, not every task is worth doing. That would be a good life lesson; not all advice is worth following. You taught her an important lesson that day. She'll think twice before just randomly taking someone's advice in the future. She'll trust but verify.
Kevin Kroskey: Trust but verify in the future.
Walter Storholt: That's a great lesson. I remember learning lots of great lessons playing board games and card games growing up. My grandmother, who I think I've talked about her on the show before over the years who was the one that didn't give us traditional birthday and Christmas and holiday type gifts growing up. She would give us stock as presents. Small amounts, but Disney stock, and Harley-Davidson and like Hershey's. Cool stuff that kids would enjoy. It got us always thinking about finances and money and retirement. The cool grandma, nowadays, to look back on that, for sure. But she was the same way with games. When we played Rummy, that was her favorite game. In fact, whenever she comes down, Mother's Day weekend, she goes to visit my parents, and I always tried to slide over there to visit.
Walter Storholt: They always have a big Rummy tournament, and she either takes the trophy back with her to New Jersey, or it stays at my folks' house. I've never won the tournament, so I haven't been there long enough to qualify to win the tournament. But she would teach me how to, just like math with Rummy. We were not allowed, growing up, to count it, is just like five, tens and fifteens for the aces. You had to count your winnings in Rummy through the actual card number. You had to add the two, and the seven, and the eight, and the five, and so on and so forth, to count up your score at the end of each round. It was a little bit of a pain, but it was always a good way to learn addition and subtraction. It's good stuff.
Kevin Kroskey: Yeah, we're doing the exact same thing. It sounds funny to me when you say graduated kindergarten. All graduations this year, I mean, I don't know what the teachers did like, oh, what the hell, it's COVID. You passed. I feel like a lot of that probably went on. She just finished kindergarten, whatever that means, this year, and she'll be going into first grade in the fall. We're doing a lot of math, and we're definitely doing that with Rummy. You could say we are walking in your footsteps in that regard for you and your grandmother, Walter.
Walter Storholt: It's not a bad path to go down. Great to hear that you're having a good time and learning lots of things. It sounds like navigating your way through all of the challenges that COVID has thrown in your direction, everyone's had to try and adjust to become teachers and trying to fill those roles when … not able to do so remotely or in the traditional sense. Interesting times for everybody trying to figure out and navigate those waters, that's for sure. Well, we've got a great show on the way today here on Retire Smarter, and we're going to learn a little bit about talking about inheritances on today's show, and banking on that as part of your retirement and financial equation. I think Kevin has got some interesting takeaways and stories lined up for us on that front, but one of the things I've noticed Kevin is, and I'm sure everybody has noticed this as we've reached the end of May.
Walter Storholt: Many areas across the country, people definitely, whatever your opinion on the subject is, from a COVID situation, seem to really be in large swaths taking the foot off the gas, and maybe taking the eye off the ball a little bit. We're seeing a lot of places reopening in full force, not so much for that toe dipped into the water reopening, but some places at full force there, Memorial Day weekend. I feel like the same thing maybe is happening in the market a little bit too. That amazing, ridiculous drop that we had in the market almost ceases like it's in the rearview mirror, and people have somewhat pushed it out of their memories a little bit. I don't know. Just some of the takeaways I'm getting that people are ready to move on so fast. Are we doing it in maybe a little bit of a dangerous way?
Kevin Kroskey: We've had several meetings over the last few weeks, and a phrase fell out of my mouth. I liked it the way that it sounded. I said, "Things are certainly uncertain." I think that's true. We had the podcast episode a couple of weeks ago where we talked about risk and uncertainty, and I think the risks are becoming more known, but there's still a lot of uncertainty about different paths that the whole situation can take from a health perspective, as well as an economic impact perspective. The market always tends to lead the economy, but there's an unclear relationship, just given the situation that we're in right now.
Kevin Kroskey: There's an infinite amount of scenarios that can happen, and some are really bad. Some are good. I was certainly surprised with the pace with which the market sold off. It was historically unprecedented. It went down more than 35% in just about a month, but then when the FED came in and really started just supporting markets with a seemingly unlimited amount of money, and then we started getting the fiscal response from Congress as well. It looks like we're due for another one [fiscal stimulus] here in the next week or two. Things rebounded more quickly than certainly what I was expecting, and I think than what most people were expecting. The rebound has certainly been welcomed.
Kevin Kroskey: We've talked in the past about having an investing process and described ours. We've talked about a dynamic allocation, and we related that your retirement income generation needs to be dynamic as well. Looking at past data, historical stock returns, relationships of assets and things like that is a good starting point. But then if you're going to move beyond history and into a dynamic process — maybe you're changing your allocation or your investment recipe and tweaking your ingredients or the underlying investments that you're using — it's going to come down to two things.
Kevin Kroskey: You're either going to make changes under the auspices of timing or price, meaning that the price is lower or higher, so you're going to make a change and overweight or underweight an asset class or group of stocks. Or you are going to do it based on timing, and the evidence on timing the market is very poor. We've done past episodes. Actually, just this year, when we looked at the evidence of market timers and how it was incredibly poor. And not only from a theoretical basis but how the actual evidence of mutual fund managers that have a tactical approach and fall within that category, the actual evidence has actually mirrored the theoretical evidence, almost exactly. When you look at this (market), I don't know if stocks are fairly priced right now or not.
Kevin Kroskey: Frankly, it's too uncertain. But when you start looking at other asset classes, and everybody should have some bonds in their portfolio, some cash, probably some stocks of a different variety, domestic, international, what-have-you. But if you look at high-quality bonds, interest rates are very, very low for US government bonds, and they're likely to stay that way for a while. Post-2008, the fed kept rates near zero for nearly an entire decade. We're probably in a sort of repeat of that to a certain degree. I certainly don't think there's going to be any sort of rise in interest rates anytime soon. The fed doesn't completely control interest rates either. It is a global monetary thing, and flows of money come in and come out, and the Fed's not buying as many treasuries as they were in March, and rates are still pretty stable.
Kevin Kroskey: But when you buying say a 10-year government bond, and it's yielding about 0.7% this last week in May of 2020. If you hold it for ten years, that's what you're going to get per year. Now, if stocks sell off a lot, that kind of asset is going to do quite well. But if rates do go up a little bit more than 0.7%, it is going to experience some negative price movement. If rates stay the same, you're getting a low return. If rates go up, you're getting a lower return, and if rates go lower, then you will get a positive return. But again, we're already at a really low base.
Kevin Kroskey: If you go through the recipe of assets that you have, I feel fairly confident and comfortable saying that we can expect a pretty low return from those high-quality bonds. I'm not saying that you need to completely be out of them, but you may want to consider looking to some other assets that are having a little bit higher yield, but also, what I would say a margin of safety — the price has just come down and you're getting compensated for risk.
Kevin Kroskey: If you look at the technology companies, which we talked about last week and large US growth companies more broadly, they're positive on the year. They came into this year already highly-priced. You can't predict the timing, but if you just extrapolate that over time, you can logically show that the really good past performance can't be repeated. So what do you do? Do you go into other asset classes in stocks that have been beaten down … maybe still down 20 – 25% year to date? Maybe, but again, you're making a timing decision when you're doing that.
Kevin Kroskey: The thing I just want people to take away is that it's certainly the right thing to do to stay disciplined through this. I don't think this is over. There could be another big sell-off in the market. It seems unlikely that we would go down below the lows that we had in March, but it's not all wind at our backs. There's still no vaccine that has been identified as having high efficacy and going to be widely distributed. There are still a lot of companies that are going to go bankrupt through this. There are still a lot of people unemployed, and the extra unemployment (from the Federal government) is going around in July.
Kevin Kroskey: Again, it's just an uncertain world. It's been good that we have had this rebound. But continue to maintain discipline and continue to expect that this uncertainty can lead to another round or rounds of increased volatility. You can see stocks sell-off again. But if that happens, again, you have a financial and retirement plan in place. You have a process in place for your investment management. You have to work through the process. We talked about that a lot in March. Nothing had really changed, but just the speed with which we had to execute and then rethink and re-execute was very quick. I don't think we're going to have that sort of speed factor like we did in March, particularly now that the FED has come in as they have, but I certainly don't think we're completely out of the woods yet either.
Kevin Kroskey: We're not out of the woods. Stay disciplined. You may want to start looking at particularly some of the high-quality bonds and saying, we know that there's not going to be a high return there. We know we probably have to have some of them in our portfolio because if things do get really bad, that's where we're going to get a ballast from. They're going to be the dry powder, and those assets are going to do really well. You don't want to completely remove them from the portfolio, but maybe reconsidering the appropriate size of high-quality bonds in your portfolio.
Kevin Kroskey: Then, if you're going to go ahead and decrease the size, well, where are we going to put the money? Stocks are more uncertain. Perhaps other higher-yielding, debt assets that may have a better margin of safety. In fact, that's the process that we're going through right now. We've identified something that we want to allocate to, and we're just working through the sizing and working through our process before we put it into the client portfolios here in the next few weeks. For all of our clients that are listening this is coming, and we'll get communication out about what's changing and why it's changing.
Kevin Kroskey: The equities can certainly see some continued volatility. Things have been quite nice here for several, several weeks now, and that's been great. We've had such a strong rebound, particularly in these large US growth asset classes and in these technology and healthcare companies. But by no means are we out of the woods yet.
Walter Storholt: Our listeners don't know this Kevin, but you told me before the show today, you're getting ready to go, after we record, out on for a little boating adventure this afternoon, and today. I think your mindset is already there talking about a ballast; you're dropping boating words all of a sudden. I can tell the mindset is going that direction.
Kevin Kroskey: All right. I'm a rookie. I'm not even a rookie yet, so we'll see how this goes. I just want to make sure that I come back safe. I'm getting training on learning how to go boating, so yes.
Walter Storholt: There you go. I think a ballast is probably a term more associated with a large ship, and probably not the boat that you'll be driving around and messing around on today. But anyway, just, it made me chuckle hearing that word on today's show, given the fact that you're going to be on the water a little bit later today. It's interesting, though, Kevin, because you're right. We have some good news about the market's direction here and there, but yet we continue to get lots of bad news. In just the last couple of weeks, what? Pier 1 bankrupt going out of business. We were talking before the show about Hertz coming up next, based out of your backyard there. There are still going to be bad news to be had through this, even if the pandemic bounce back up as we reopen here. Bad things can still happen, and like you said, it's still a lot of uncertainty.
Kevin Kroskey: Absolutely. Certainly uncertain.
Potential Inheritance
Walter Storholt: Well, you mentioned that we wanted to talk a little bit today as well, going over the concept and the idea of banking on, or including the possibility of an inheritance into the financial plan. This is something that obviously is an interesting subject, and something to talk about, because I know that my parents, for example, they don't want to think about it, they don't want to talk about it, they don't even want to have it be a possibility. They don't even want it to be a conversation had. They don't want to count on it at all. It's just something that they don't want to even be engaged with, whereas others make it an essential part of their plan. Then you've got a lot of people that fall on the in-between part of that spectrum.
Walter Storholt: Yet, I feel it's a topic that doesn't actually get talked a lot about in the financial space. I'm interested to get into that discussion with you today.
Kevin Kroskey: Yeah. I guess, let me ask you, Walter, I don't know if this is something that you've discussed with other advisors in the past or anything of the sort, but what's your gut feel about, under what conditions might you include an inheritance, or should you at all, for that matter, should you include it in your retirement plan? What do you think?
Walter Storholt: I would say it all comes down to the communication and the relationship that you might have with the person that you're supposed to get the inheritance from. Have they been clear and upfront with you that, this is coming to you, this is exactly what it looks like, they've included you in that process of discussion, and there are no question marks about it, then, might feel more comfortable in making that part of the plan? Any time we're making assumptions about maybe what's on the other side, that might be where it becomes a very dangerous game to play. I would just say it all comes down to the communication, but I'm no expert, so I'm interested in your thoughts.
Kevin Kroskey: I completely agree that communication is important, but it's something that I think you have to certainly be on the more conservative side and lean towards not including it or heavily discounting it. If so, just because of some of the uncertainty. People are living longer, who knows how long mom or dad are going to live? To your point, I think most importantly, a lot of people, particularly the older generation, don't talk about money, and the communication could certainly be nonexistent. I remember when I was growing up, really, the only way I remember my parents talking about money is like when their bedroom door was closed. They didn't want the kids hearing them, even though the door was paper with them, and we could hear them anyway.
Kevin Kroskey: It's just these little money scripts that you pick up as you're growing up. If your parents didn't talk about money, consciously or not, they taught you that, but that was, largely, would happen in the Kroskey household growing up. Money was certainly was tight, and I always would joke and say, we tiered between being lower middle class and upper poor, and it depended on how many jobs mom had and what-have-you. If the parents aren't talking about it, it certainly can be an awkward conversation to have, if you think about going to your mom or dad and saying, hey, I was going through this retirement planning process. We were just wondering, what do you guys have and how much can we count on?
Kevin Kroskey: A lot of people would not feel comfortable doing something like that. Certainly, it goes down to the relationship and the communication and the money script that your parents have, and what you have, and all of that. But if we take a step back from that, and I'll loop that communication aspect back in when I share a couple of stories here in a moment. With people living longer in general, who knows when somebody going to pass? Who knows if they are going to need an extended stay in a nursing home, and maybe spend more than $100,000 per year for their care? It's not the average that somebody's going to do that for an extended period of time, but it's possible. Because it's possible, even if it's a low probability event, if somebody, if mom and dad have a million bucks and they have one of these low probability, many, many year events in a nursing home, they could certainly use that money up over their lifetime.
Kevin Kroskey: What you were banking on is something a lot less than that with a remarriage. Most of the older generation, when I'm thinking about people in their 80s, it's quite common that you've, over the last 10, 20 years, you've had a lot of estate planning issues because these people have been married for their whole lives, they don't necessarily want to be single when their spouse passes and here they are a widow, and so they get remarried. Maybe they don't do proper estate planning, and mom gets remarried to, say a younger man, mom passes away, and they're not thinking through the estate planning part. All of mom's assets go to her surviving second husband, and now her kids are accidentally disinherited.
Kevin Kroskey: Whether they're going to live long and use up the money, whether it's for unforeseen nursing home or other health care costs, whether it's poor estate planning, these are all very real risks that are out there, that we just don't have perfect information for. When we're working with a client, and literally in the last week, we've had three different client cases that had assumptions on inheritance and their plan. I'll talk at least about to them, pro and con what the situation was. If the client's still working and we're banking on that inheritance as part of their plan to make sure that it's going to be adequately funded, it's not more of like an icing on the top of the cake where they've already fully met their own retirement needs.
Kevin Kroskey: Really, whatever we get from mom and dad is really just going to be that icing on the cake. That's a risk, and that's a risk that should not be taken lightly. It's uncertain, and again, who knows how long they're going to live. If there's going to be end of life care and nursing home, that could eat that up, some sort of remarriage. Who knows? Maybe you fall out of their good graces for some reason, and maybe there's a rewrite of the will or something like that. You don't know. If you're going to cut the cord on that retirement date, and particularly on that paycheck and turn that off, and you're banking on inheritance in your retirement plan, that's a risk.
Kevin Kroskey: I'll just talk through two cases here and highlight them certainly, in a confidential format, and just talk through some of these situations, one where we feel more comfortable, and one where I feel like there are more risks. But ultimately, we talked through those pros and cons, and those risks in the client decides. That's our job, and that's what we did. In case one, I'll call him Steve. Steve is single, and mom is now 89. We've been working with Steve for about ten years or so, maybe a little bit longer. We actually started working with Steve's mom about six years ago after Steve's dad had passed away. So, we worked both with Steve and with mom. So we handle their planning, their investing, their taxes year in and year out.
Kevin Kroskey: Mom is in a facility, in a very nice facility that has a life care component to it. She is in a place where, regardless of the amount of long-term care that she needs, it basically, it's prepaid for. So, she's in a continuing care retirement community. She's still in the independent living. She is quite vibrant, 89 years old, very active, at least up until this whole COVID situation. Now, the CCRC or for short is on lockdown mode, as you could imagine. While they're still active on grounds, they're not going out by any means. Mom has had a pretty vibrant life, dating other men and what-have-you. She's happy. Mom has about a million and a half dollars between an IRA and between the trust account. Steve and his two siblings are planning on inheriting that money.
Kevin Kroskey: It's a third each across the board. In fact, when we first started doing planning for mom, we showed her that not only are you going to be fine, you and your husband did a great job, earning money and living below your means for all those years. But if you really wanted to help and benefit Steve and the other two siblings now, or even the grandkids, you can make gifts to do that. Mom actually did some of that in the last few years, making gifts to her kids, and mom still has plenty of money for her lifetime. Again, importantly, has prepaid life care component in the CCRC. Even if she has some sort of needs around the clock, monitoring, nursing home level care in the CCRC, it's paid for.
Kevin Kroskey: That risk has really been taken off of her and something that we don't have to worry about. Additionally, the remarriage risk, while mom is dating, and I think a mom has a serious boyfriend. Not only is there no intent stated by mom to get remarried, they've been together, they're just dating, but I don't think there's an intent to get married, and they're getting the benefits of … they're not even cohabitating, but they're in the CCRC together. It's like being in the college dorm, right? But just on the other end of the age spectrum. They get to go down the hall and see one another or go out on dates and what have you, and they're good, but because we're working closely with mom as well, we're doing all the work for …
Kevin Kroskey: Just, we feel more comfortable that there's not going to be some accidental sort of remarriage and disinheriting, that happening. If you just do a simple Google search about gray divorce or accidental an inheritance or something like that, along those lines, you're going to see all kinds of different cases and horror stories. It happens. It definitely happens, but because we have the relationship because there's open communication with Steve and mom, Steve is the power of attorney for mom. Steve is the financial power of attorney, what-have-you. His close relationship, all three of us are on the same page. Mom's wishes are very clear, already made gifts to Steve and the two siblings. We have included the inheritance in Steve's financial plan.
Kevin Kroskey: Now, we don't know what it's going to be. Of course, we don't know how long mom's going to live and what-have-you, but we can make some estimates, and then we just want to be a little bit on the conservative side, because Steve is banking on this for his own retirement plan. Steve has, in fact, retired in advance of fully funding his own retirement plan, banking on, at least part of the inheritance that he's getting from mom. That's one way to look at it. Again, we've been working with Steve for about ten years or so. Mom, for five or six, know them very well. Communication is very open. Steve handles the finances for mom. We've had communication with the other siblings as well. Your point about the communication, Walter, was very important.
Kevin Kroskey: This situation, I think, does a really great job epitomizing that, not only between the family but also with the advisor.
Walter Storholt: I think it's interesting to follow those threads and those different lines of the way people think and approach this situation. It's interesting. You started off telling the story about mom and dad behind the closed door whispering about the finances and what you kids then learned from that. This conversation about inheritances really starts and begins all the way back at the beginning like that. It's a lifetime of communication and relationship between the different parties that leads to how this whole thing evolves over time and then works itself out in the end. It's interesting; this is a financial decision that's really a lifetime in the making in some way.
Kevin Kroskey: Absolutely. I'll contrast Steve and his mom's situation with another client or two briefly.
Walter Storholt: Good. A contrasting story.
Kevin Kroskey: You got it. In this case, we're working with Jane, who is married. Jane's parents have a large amount of money, somewhere between like $3 and $4 million. They've done quite well. We've been working with Jane and now for just a couple of years. We've never met Jane's parents either, and the parents are only in their mid-70s. Where Steve's mom is now 89, Jane's parents were only in their mid-70s. Who knows? They could be living for another 20, 30 years. It's possible. Jane doesn't know either, but Jane is working. She's not exactly happy in her role.
Kevin Kroskey: She's making good money, but she feels like she's just ready to move on. Maybe she does some work after maybe some consulting work or something, but there's just a lot of uncertainty in her work life. But she's just, which she feels pretty confident about, is that she's just ready to make a change. The part about the inheritance came up in her planning and banking on it. Knowing that her parents were only in their mid-70s, I was immediately much more skeptical about including it in her plan. Obviously, there's a lot of money that's there, $3 to $4 million, but I have no idea how much her parents live on. We talked about it a little bit, and Jane had spoken with her parents about it on a high level, but it's not like Jane was the financial power of attorney for her parents in handling her affairs like Steve was for his mom.
Kevin Kroskey: The other one, talking through a little bit more, Jane's parents … it was actually a second marriage. They've been married for a long time, 30, 40 years, but Jane had some siblings were, I guess you would say genetically, same parents, and then some stepbrothers and sisters as well. The stated intent for estate planning for the parents was the kids were just going to get an equally, and that's great, but who knows what's going on here? If there's something where mid-seventies for both of them, if you have one spouse that predeceases the other, and then the surviving spouse lives for a long period of time, certainly there's that potential for remarriage, disinheritance.
Kevin Kroskey: I don't know what their estate plan looks like. It's not uncommon in a situation when you have a second marriage that maybe there will be an outright bequest at the first marriage, excuse me, at the first death, going to the kids. Sometimes money will be kept in trust. At least some money will go back to the bloodline. It's quite possible that you have a situation there where there is some sort of trust language around that. I don't know. I raised these issues with Jane, and she was dismissive of them, but oh, we're just all going to split everything equally. There's three kids or three or four kids, and we're all just going to split everything equally. It's what our parents said. I get that, and that certainly may be the intent, but in this case, even though they have a sizable amount of money, again, who knows about how long they're going to live, who knows about spending money on like a nursing home or something … they certainly seem to have enough money to go ahead and pay for that.
Kevin Kroskey: But it's possible that a lot of that money could be spent down, and so maybe what Jane is expecting is something going to be considerably less. I think, even more of a riskier is, what if there is some sort of again, it's a second marriage, so what does the estate plan say? Is there some sort of money that's kept in trust and going to revert back to the bloodline, where to be concrete, say Jane's mom survives her husband and Jane's mom is her biological mom and is all that money going to go to Jane's mom, and she can do with it whatever she wants? Where, if her husband says, "Okay, I trust you, we've been married 30, 40 years. I trust that you're going to go ahead and fall on my wishes and just distribute it equally to our kids when you pass."
Kevin Kroskey: Well, maybe that's true. Certainly being married for 30 or 40 years, I would not be surprised if that sort of trust has been built, but we just had a client pass away earlier this year, second marriage, 30 plus years, and the trust was in place, and that wasn't the case. It's not like he didn't trust his wife to go ahead and make those decisions and take care of his kids from a prior marriage, that had really become her own kids over the last 30 or so years. But that's not what the trust said. You just don't know is my point, and if you don't know, and if you're banking on stopping work before your retirement plan is fully funded, there is a big risk in doing that. We talk through that in a great deal, and we continue to talk about it each time that we have a plan update.
Kevin Kroskey: But if you look at the summary that we put at the top of the, we call it a meeting agenda in summary of each client's financial plan, so we just try to distill it down into the key points, but that assumption about her retiring when she wants to retire is stated that it really hinges on receiving a pretty sizable inheritance. We tell what the assumption is in the plan for Jane, and she's comfortable with that, but we're not completely comfortable with it. We keep talking about it and making sure that, as time goes by and she gets closer to actually stopping work and moving on to maybe retirement, maybe consulting that, we're just going to show her like, hey, if something changes here, here's really what portion of your plan is funded with your own income, retirement income, and assets.
Kevin Kroskey: Here's really, if things don't go well for the inheritance, for whatever reason that may be, intentional or not, here's really what's at risk and some of the ramifications of that. In general, I think you have to lean towards being conservative, as, in most things, the basic rule of financial planning is your money has to last at least a little bit longer than you do. That's certainly a moving target on many regards, but banking on the inheritance, particularly as part of your own retirement plan and funding yet, before some of these things, like in the case of Steve that is much more certain, everybody's on the same page, Steve's the power of attorney. Mom's a lot older. Mom actually has a life care component, so she's reduced and completely eliminated the nursing home cost risk.
Kevin Kroskey: Its a much more certain situation to go ahead and plan on the inheritance, versus if somebody is in their 70s, just because mom and dad have a lot of money, much riskier to go ahead and bank in that case.
Walter Storholt: So interesting to see the two contrasting situations there between the various folks. I imagine there's a little bit of an airplane analogy here of the, put your own mask on first before helping those next to you. It works both ways for the parents, in one of these cases, as an example, put your own mask, take care of your own retirement, make sure that you're okay first before worrying so much about the inheritance that you're going to pass on. Then in the same token, as those who may receive an inheritance, well, try to take care of your own business and your own household first before someone else is trying to give you the mask. Grab your own mask first, and then we can swap and compare mask, or upgrade masks, if you will, at some point later on down the road. Maybe not the cleanest analogy of all, but maybe a good mentality to have at least on both sides of the equation.
Kevin Kroskey: Sure. I should say, Jane, she's very financially responsible. It's not like she's just looking to her folks to bail her out, but she's not exactly happy in her job. I think it's good to have the conversation. Again, it could be awkward to have the conversation with your folks about this, but I think it's good. We had another client that his dad had retired in his late 50s. He did pretty well. He was an engineer; again, he lived below his means, saved, and invested. His parents were kids of the depression, so that was the MO for their generation. They have a few million dollars. Well, a client was in a situation where his kids were somewhere else, and the grandkids were starting to come around, and he was really tied to his job in a place where he didn't necessarily want to be.
Kevin Kroskey: He was aware of what his parents had. His dad talked to him about, "Hey, son, I want you to be executor. Here are some things that I think you need to know," what-have-you. I nudged him. I said you should really talk to dad about … go a little bit deeper and see if it's something that maybe what's a realistic number, or what are their intentions, and then we can figure out what a realistic number is as far as an inheritance, and we can have at least this intelligent conversation about whether or not to include it, because in this case, literally, it was more of a life planning decision for our client. He shared a story about how dad was able to retire in his late 50s.
Kevin Kroskey: He and mom were really engaged with their kids growing up, and it was just a wonderful family experience that they all had. My client, who's also in his late 50s at this time in a good job, but as a family, they were in a place where they didn't want to be, their kids were down by you, in the Carolina's, Walter, grandkids were coming around. He and his wife just didn't feel like they could really be as involved with her family as much as they wanted to be, and just like his dad and mom were with her kids. I nudged him. I said, "I know it's going to be uncomfortable to have this conversation, but dad opened the door, talked to you about, hey, he's going to count on you to handle their affairs when the time comes. He somewhat knew round numbers."
Kevin Kroskey: There's a lot of uncertainty there, and it required some further conversation. I said, "If you have this conversation, your dad frankly has the opportunity, not to just give you money, but really to change your life, your kids' lives, your grandkids' lives." They went through that, and they had that firsthand and experience and had that joy of being highly involved with your kids. Now, he can really, by having this conversation, and a little thoughtful planning, can really give that gift on down the line to you, and now to your grandkids.
Kevin Kroskey: When I said it that way, I think it really resonated with him and his wife. I think collectively, we nudged him enough to have that conversation. What came out of that was, he came back. It was definitely awkward, but he said, "I'm definitely glad that I had the conversation," and it completely changed their financial planning.
Walter Storholt: That's awesome. That's great to hear that. I'm sure, in your role, helping facilitate these conversations, isn't easy, but in a similar fashion, very rewarding to be able to see families get on the same page and avoid potential problems in the future by making these big mistakes, assuming maybe in one direction or the other what's going to happen. It's a unique role for you to play in the middle of the facilitator.
Kevin Kroskey: Yeah. Well, that last situation I talked about …
Walter Storholt: Or the nudger.
Kevin Kroskey: Yeah, that was easy. Sometimes, and I'm sure everybody can relate to this. Sometimes it's easy to give advice, but it's maybe more difficult to follow it. That last situation was, I would say easy. It's what we get paid to do to be thoughtful, and what's important to the client, and then what resources were there, and how can we help them design their, align their resources to make sure that they can live the life that they want? When he shared that story about his dad and being involved with the kids, to me, it was clear as day, so I was able to give that advice, but he had to do the hard work in having the conversation with dad. It was fairly easy. It was in my domain; it was fairly easy to do.
Kevin Kroskey: However, I've offered, and I've tried to take the leadership roles in having family meetings where maybe there's a second marriage, maybe the kids, there's some strife, and maybe it's not … everybody's on the same page. Those are a lot more work. I have done that with varying degrees of success in the past, but you have to have willing participants, but it's difficult when you have a third party, and it's why people go to counselors or what-have-you. You get that objective voice. You get somebody with knowledge, and hopefully, some wisdom, and can listen and think critically, and hopefully give good advice to try to improve the situation. But it's up to people what they do with it. That's part and parcel of the job from day to day basis.
Walter Storholt: Well, Kevin, give us an update on where things stand with True Wealth Design. If somebody wants to talk to you guys a little bit about this situation, maybe in their own financial life, when it comes to putting together their financial plan, is the conversation like this, about inheritances, and where that fits into the equation and the puzzle? Part of those conversations that people have on a regular basis with you and your team, and given where things stand here as we approach the end of May at the time of this recording, what's the status of True Wealth Design? Are you guys meeting with clients in the office, are remote meetings happening? Give us a quick overview of what operations are like for you for those who might be curious.
Kevin Kroskey: Yeah, no great question, and thanks for asking, Walter. No, things are good. We are, I don't know the number off the top of my head, but we're somewhere around ten new families that we've brought on to help so far this year. It's fairly consistent with what we've done in the last few years. While COVID certainly has impacted everybody in the markets, as we've talked about, from a new client, new family perspective, things seem to keep chugging along. Certainly times like this, people that maybe were not as motivated to get professional help. We did see what seem to be a pretty big surge in March and April for people reaching out to have those conversations. So, things look good in that regard, a lot of Zoom meetings, for sure.
Kevin Kroskey: We've been running remote meetings for years, as people have, maybe moved away from us, different retirement communities, things like that. That's not new for us. We've been doing that successfully for years. Some clients are still coming in. If anybody does want to come into the office, we did go out and were able to purchase a good amount of N95 masks. The type of mask that not only protect other people from you, having droplets, cough and sneeze and what-have-you on them but also protect you in return, so the great medical kind. If somebody does want to come in, we do have those available and are happy to share those with people when they come in. But for the most part, it's business as usual.
Kevin Kroskey: The three core things we do each year, planning, investing, and taxes, and all this other stuff is … it really takes, I think, a good listener and asking good questions and being able to pull the information together, whether it's an inheritance, whether it's a business, whatever opportunity or threat a client may have, but it's our job to really understand the client, their situation, and then align everything as best as we can, and then make sure that we stay on track over time.
Walter Storholt: Well, it's fantastic that you guys have been able to make your way through the certain uncertainty that we've been going through over these last couple of months, and still able to help people figure out their financial futures and retirement futures. If that's you, if you're in that category of maybe a little bit hesitant to make a decision or to get in gear when it comes to planning and making these choices going forward, I know a lot of people have felt a little paralyzed, maybe through this whole ordeal, but if you know that planning and making a choice is something that needs to happen, try not to delay anymore. It's never too late to start planning, but it's always better if you do it earlier rather than later. If you want to get in touch with Kevin to talk a little bit about that, there are a couple of different ways that you can do it.
Walter Storholt: If you like the old fashioned way, you can pick up the phone and give a call to the True Wealth team at 855-TWD-PLAN, that's (855) 893-7526, and you can also go online to truewealthdesign.com. That's truewealthdesign.com, and click on the "Are We Right For You" button to schedule your 15-minute call with an experienced financial advisor on the True Wealth team. That's truewealthdesign.com. We'll put the contact information in the description in the show notes of today's episode, so it's easy for you to find, no matter where you're listening to the podcast.
Walter Storholt: We also want to say a big thank you, Kevin, to a recent podcast listener and reviewer. Sage had some very kind words for your clear and concise, although I'm not sure where she got the concise part, Kevin, on most of our episodes, but the clear and concise information that you present here on the show on Retire Smarter, and appreciated the guidance and perspective that you bring. We thank Sage for dropping a note about the podcast in the podcast reviews. If you'd like to review the show, we'd love to hear from you. So, go to Apple Podcasts, and leave a review of the program if you have the opportunity to do so. It'd be great to hear some more feedback from folks.
Walter Storholt: We appreciate the help, Kevin, as always here on the program, and have a great rest of your week, and we'll talk again here real soon.
Kevin Kroskey: All right. Thank you very much, Walter.
Walter Storholt: That's Kevin Kroskey. I'm Walter Storholt. We'll talk to you soon right back here on Retire Smarter.
Disclaimer: Information provided is informational purposes only and does not constitute investment tax or legal advice. Information is obtained from sources that are deemed to be reliable, but their accurateness and completeness cannot be guaranteed. All performance reference is historical, and not an indication of future results. Benchmark indices are hypothetical and do not include any investment fees.
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What our Instructors say
Kumon students inspire me - that's why I love my job
Why my students inspire me
"I love to hear stories, from the parents and the students, of how far they have progressed thanks to Kumon."
Claire Papazidis opened the Kumon Greenwich Study Centre in February 2010. She was looking for something which matched her skills and enthusiasm for working with children and young people and knew Kumon was the right fit.
Claire began her working career as a self-employed maths and English tutor, and over the next five year's watched her business grow through word-of-mouth recommendations.
However, a love for numbers took her career in a different direction and, as a qualified accountant (CIMA), she began working in the investment banking sector.
After taking some time out to start a family, Claire never lost sight of her passion for education and so Claire's career took yet another turn when she opened the study centre. Now, with six and a half years under her belt, we caught up with Claire to find out why she loves being a Kumon Instructor.
Claire said: "Most of all I love to hear stories, from the parents and the students, of how far they have progressed thanks to Kumon; perhaps they have received an award at school or moved up a set in class. Being able to observe my students at the various stages of their Kumon journey, watching them improve and then go on to exceed their expectations, is really inspiring.
"Occasionally, I see students who have real difficulty settling into a study routine or problems maintaining concentration for extended periods of time. But, over time, through perseverance and careful guidance they begin to develop these vital study skills and go on to achieve amazing results. I really believe that every child can reach their potential through a little encouragement and positive feedback.
"I love the diverse mix of families that give my centre its identity. My families speak a range of languages and I particularly enjoy using my experience teaching English as a foreign language to thoroughly support these multilingual students in their learning.
"The centre is a real microcosm of the surrounding community, and I delight in playing my part within it. It is a hive of buzzing little minds and local families, all brought together by a shared desire to give their child a great start in life.
"My aim for the study centre over the coming years is for it to continue to be a thriving little community with children's study at its heart. And, I hope to maintain and build upon its reputation for offering high-quality instruction in a friendly, flourishing environment."
If you would like to find out more about the Kumon programmes for your child, or if you're interested in becoming a Kumon Instructor yourself, call us now on 0800 854 714.
Claire Papazidis
View the Centre here
Kumon inspired me to start a career in education
Abby Sharma has been the Instructor at the Kumon Chessington Study Centre for three years. She tells us why she became an Instructor and her ambitions for the future.
Why I love my new job as a Kumon Instructor
Davina Foord became the Instructor of the Kumon Maidstone South Study Centre in April 2015. She shares with us why she loves her new job as a Kumon Instructor.
How Kumon can help you have the fulfilling career you've always wanted
Dr Ivy Man, Chow Chan and Helen Anderson share their experience with pursuing a career with Kumon.


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DJ / Emcee
Creating Wedding Masterpieces One at a Time
Consultant • Planner • Coordinator • Director • Entertainment Company • Florida Notary Official
Since 1992, Celebrations by the Sea and American DJ Company have been making life a breeze for future brides and their families.
Zoran Subotich not only has extensive experience in the entertainment industry but an incredible natural ability in planning and management.
His prior experience as a Regional Director of Sunset Entertainment and extensive radio broadcasting career finally led him to create Celebrations by the Sea, a business which he finds "fun and rewarding."
Nadda Subotich is the new addition to Celebrations by the Sea team, as staff photographer and event planner. Born in Bangkok Thailand, she hold a bachelors degree in hospitality, and brings a unique vision to photography and post production. She looks forward to working with brides from different backgrounds, styles and perceptions.
The company motto is to "Create Wedding Masterpieces One at a Time" and has become a happy reality for countless newlyweds. (850) 217-5710 easy access to quotes, proposals and questions you might have to make your marriage and reception a "piece of cake!"
Hope & Restoration Tour
Thirty-year DJ Zoran Subotich is launching a high-energy, celebratory Hope and Restoration Tour with a Christian theme on May 27, 2022, to create a healthier way to party; his pandemic reset is designed to combat the addictions, hopelessness, and anxiety caused by the lockdown.
Thirty-year special events entertainer and deejay Zoran Subotich (known as Zoran) used his pandemic downtime to hit the reset button. When he saw people struggling, he felt compelled to act. A third-degree black belt karate teacher prized for his coaching and dynamic, inspirational speaking, Zoran was no stranger to motivating people. He saw an opportunity to marry his teaching and entertainment talents with a program that fed people's spiritual recovery from the pandemic. The Hope and Restoration Tour and program were born, kicking off on Friday, May 27, 2022, from 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. at Enlightened Studios in Fort Walton Beach. Zoran's new focus is spreading messages of inspiration, aspiration, and optimism to the disheartened.
"When I saw young people suffering during this pandemic with these alarming suicide rates and escalating substance abuse, I felt the humanity tug to do something," Zoran explained.
"One day it hit me – I could give young adults and youths a spiritually healthier way to party, celebrate, and get inspired. All I had to do was build new music sets infusing the messages of hope we are all hungry to hear," he elaborated.
Zoran is bringing his new program to regional, statewide, and national youth conferences, seminars, vacation Bible schools, and Christian-based corporate retreats with new Christian, EDM, hip-hop, house, rap, reggae, rock, and country music to support his high-energy theme. He is also collaborating with celebrated national gospel reggae recording artist Christafari Band and partnering with Cole Hufer of Enlightened Studios for his Hope and Restoration Program.
Zoran's new show offers entertainment bookers three options including:
Deejaying only, with a focus on spiritually uplifting music
Deejaying, combined with Zoran's motivational speaking in a multimedia presentation
Deejaying, motivational speaking, and breakout teaching sessions
Zoran is available to travel in the US and abroad and is still accepting some bookings for Q2 at his website, ZoranEntertainment.net and his social media handle is @DJZoranUSA.
Celebrations by the Sea
Policy | Site Map


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HomeAutomobile & TransportationICE, Electric, Hybrid, Autonomous VehiclesFuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market
Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market Size By Propulsion (Hybrid Vehicle, Pure Fuel Cell Vehicle), By Product Type (Utility Vehicle, Light Trucks), By Technology (Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell), By End-User (Transportation, Mining), By Geographic Scope And Forecast
Report ID: 28961 | Published Date: Dec 2022 | No. of Pages: 202 | Base Year for Estimate: 2021 | Format:
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market Size And Forecast
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market size was valued at USD 1.31 Billion in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 20.87 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 41.35% from 2023 to 2030.
The growth of the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market is positively influenced by increasing environmental concerns related to hazardous pollution and stringent government regulations. The Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market report provides a holistic evaluation of the market. The report offers a comprehensive analysis of key segments, trends, drivers, restraints, competitive landscape, and factors that are playing a substantial role in the market.
Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market Definition
A vehicle that uses a fuel cell to power an electric propulsion system is called a fuel cell vehicle. There are also hybrid vehicles that are retrofitted with a fuel cell and battery or fuel cell. For mobility commercial vehicles, the fuel cell has several advantages including as low noise, zero tailpipe emissions, fast and smooth acceleration, vibration, and smooth operating conditions without reducing the vehicle's payload. Fuel cells also provide additional benefits such as a long-range, fast refueling route, which is stable with the diesel fuel experience. For an instance, In April 2019, Bosch announced the product portfolio called "Fuel Cell Mobility Solution" by partnering with Power Cell to license certain fuel cell technology for USD 50 million.
Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market Overview
The market for fuel-cell commercial vehicles is growing at an exponential rate owing to heavy investments done by governments across the world to develop fuel-cell technology. These investments have led to a reduction in the presence of expensive noble metals in a fuel cells which further reduces their prices. The increasing allocation of funds for infrastructure development is resulting in the establishment of necessary hydrogen filling stations. Furthermore, the transition from fossil-fuel-based vehicles to green energy vehicles has boosted the demand for fuel-cell commercial vehicles.
Conventional commercial vehicles based on fossil fuels generate a tremendous amount of emissions and the transition to fuel-cell commercial vehicles that have practically fewer emissions or close to zero emissions, is anticipated to drive the growth of the Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market. However, some factors are limiting the growth of the Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market. The higher cost of fuel cell commercial vehicles along with the limited availability of refueling stations of the fuel source is hampering the growth of the Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market. Also, the high initial investment required to set up the infrastructure for fuel cell commercial vehicles and refueling stations may limit the growth of the market.
Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market: Segmentation Analysis
The Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market is Segmented on the basis of Propulsion, Product Type, Technology, End-User, and Geography.
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market, By Propulsion
Pure Fuel Cell Vehicle
Based on Propulsion, the market is bifurcated into Hybrid Vehicle and Pure Fuel Cell Vehicle. The pure fuel cell vehicle segment is anticipated to witness huge growth over the forecast period. The growth of pure fuel cell vehicles can be credited to the three principal advantages of pure fuel cell vehicles over hybrid vehicles. The three principal advantages are the fuel cell system produces no harmful emissions of particulate matter, the fuel cell offers higher energy efficiency of up to 30%, and the hydrogen fuel that is consumed can be produced from a variety of renewable sources.
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market, By Product Type
Busses & Coaches
Based on Product Type, the market is bifurcated into Utility Vehicle, Light trucks, Busses & Coaches, and Others. The busses and coaches accounted for the largest market share in the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market. The growth can be attributed to the increasing adoption of fuel cell technology in medium and heavy-duty commercial vehicles which has led to the increasing focus of regulators on minimizing emission levels.
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market, By Technology
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
Based on Technology, the market is bifurcated into Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells, Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell, and Others. For transport commercial vehicles, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell membrane technology is being widely deployed whereas phosphoric acid fuel cell technology is mostly used for stationary power generators.
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market, By End-User
Based on End-User, the market is bifurcated into Transportation, Mining, Construction, and Others. The transportation end-user segment is generating major revenue for the market. As these fuel cells are mostly used for transportation purposes in light, medium, and heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks and buses.
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market, By Geography
Based on Regional Analysis, the Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market is classified into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and the Rest of the world. The largest share in the market will be dominated by Asia pacific. The growth can be credited to the increasing demand for zero-emission vehicles across the region and the encouragement by governments to develop fuel cell technology. Additionally, the fuel cell stack manufacturers are setting up manufacturing plants in countries such as India which are the major drivers for the growth of fuel cell commercial vehicles in the Asia Pacific region.
The "Global Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market" study report will provide valuable insight with an emphasis on the global market. The major players in the market are Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corporation, Iveco Bus, Thor Industries, Inc., Wrightbus, Renault, Ballard Power Systems Inc., MAN, Van Hool NV, and General Motors.
In July 2021, Robert Bosch GmbH has expanded its operations to the advanced fuel cells for this development assignment, which was previously limited to the traditional automotive category
In November 2020, Nuvera Fuel Cells has launched a new product named Nuvera E-60, a member of the E-series family of electric powertrains for material handling equipment vehicles.
In January 2022, Doosan Fuel Cell Co Ltd partnered with Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) struck an agreement to improve the operation and maintenance of hydrogen fuel cells.
In June 2021, Renault Group has launched a new product called HYVIA, which will pave the way for a complete ecosystem of fuel cell-powered LCVs, and refueling stations throughout Europe.
Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corporation, Iveco Bus, Thor Industries, Inc., Wrightbus, Renault, Ballard Power Systems Inc., MAN, Van Hool NV.
By Propulsion, By Product Type, By Technology, By End-User, and By Geography
Free report customization (equivalent to up to 4 analyst working days) with purchase. Addition or alteration to country, regional & segment scope
Global Medical Membranes Market Size And Forecast
Global Unifies Communication And Collabration (UCC) Market Size And Forecast
What is the projected market size & growth rate of the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market?
Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market was valued at USD 1.31 Billion in 2021 and is projected to reach USD 20.87 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 41.35% from 2023 to 2030.
What are the key driving factors for the growth of the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market?
The growth of the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market is positively influenced by increasing environmental concerns related to hazardous pollution and stringent government regulations.
What are the top players operating in the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market?
The major players are Daimler AG, Toyota Motor Corporation, Iveco Bus, Thor Industries, Inc., Wrightbus, Renault, Ballard Power Systems Inc., MAN, and Van Hool NV.
What segments are covered in the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market Report?
How can I get a sample report/company profiles for the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market?
The sample report for the Fuel Cell Commercial Vehicle Market can be obtained on demand from the website. Also, the 24*7 chat support & direct call services are provided to procure the sample report.
1 INTRODUCTION OF GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET
4 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET OUTLOOK
5 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY PROPULSION
5.2 Hybrid Vehicle
5.3 Pure Fuel Cell Vehicle
6 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY PRODUCT TYPE
6.2 Utility Vehicle
6.3 Light trucks
6.4 Busses & Coaches
7 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY TECHNOLOGY
7.2 Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells
7.3 Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
8 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY END-USER
8.4 Construction
9 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET, BY GEOGRAPHY
10 GLOBAL FUEL CELL COMMERCIAL VEHICLE MARKET COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE
10.2 Company Market Ranking
10.3 Key Development Strategies
11.1 Daimler AG
11.2 Toyota Motor Corporation
11.3 Iveco Bus
11.4 Thor Industries, Inc.
11.5 Wrightbus
11.6 Renault
11.7 Ballard Power Systems Inc.
11.8 MAN
11.9 Van Hool NV
11.10 General Motors
12 KEY DEVELOPMENTS
12.1 Product Launches/Developments
12.2 Mergers and Acquisitions
12.3 Business Expansions
12.4 Partnerships and Collaborations


This 2003 Oakville estate bottling offers outstanding concentration with an exotic nose of charcoal, liquid minerals, an allspice-clove hybrid, Christmas spice and black raspberries. The palate is sweet and expansive, something of a south Oakville trademark these days. Clone 337 provides aromatic intensity and brighter red fruits with the clone 4 offering black fruits and backbone. The finish lingers with espresso roast, bittersweet chocolate, loamy earth, mint and toasty oak. 330 cases made.