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text:
// Copyright 2009 the Sputnik authors.  All rights reserved.
// This code is governed by the BSD license found in the LICENSE file.

/**
* @name: S15.3.3.1_A2;
* @section: 15.3.3.1, 15.3.4;
* @assertion: The Function.prototype property has the attribute DontEnum;
* @description: Checking if enumerating the Function.prototype property fails;
*/

// CHECK#1
if (Function.propertyIsEnumerable('prototype')) {
  $ERROR('#1: the Function.prototype property has the attributes DontEnum');
}

// CHECK#2
var count=0;

for (p in Function){
  if (p==="prototype") count++;
}

if (count !== 0) {
  $ERROR('#2: the Function.prototype property has the attributes DontEnum');
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Pecosin' (Pecosing) & Pecos Swap
"Pecosin'" is an old-time term that means to kill someone and throw the body into the Pecos River, often with weights so it drowns. Later, the term "Pecosin'" (or the verb "Pecos") came to be used for dumping a body in any river. The term can also means to douse a sleeping person with water.
A "Pecos swap" was a euphemism for stealing. Both terms "Pecos" and "Pecos swap" are of historical interest today.
"The Lighter Side of Texas Place Naming"
Harold Clay Pope
Western Folklore, Vol. 13, No. 2/3 (1954), pp. 125-129
"Pecosin' a feller" meant killing a person, weighting the body with rocks, and dropping it in the Pecos River.
University of Texas of the Permian Basin; Roadlogs
Pecos city limit and overpass. Pecos was established in 1881 as a stop on the Texas and Pacific Railroad. It was first called Pecos Station, then Pecos City, and finally Pecos. Prior to county organization their was a period of lawlessness; the expression "Pecosin" came to mean killing a man and throwing his body in the Pecos River.
A Vaquero of the Brush County
by J. Frank Dobie
Dallas, TX: The Southwest Press
Pg. 277:
[ref. to 1880s—ed.] "He ran the risk of being "pecosed" either for his integrity of the lack of it....To "pecos" a man one shot him and rolled his body into the river."
El Diablo Cojo (The Limping Devil)
by Patrick Sylvester McGeeney
San Antonio, TX: Standard Printing Company
Pg. 39:
"Fetch a bucket of water an' we'll Pecos him, wake him up, an' then we'll find out what stampeded him....Slats doused Ebony Jo with an overabundance of water."
28 May 1936, El Paso (TX) Herald-Post, pg. 2D, col. 5:
It was the men of Miller's stamp that led to the coining of the expression, "Pecosing a fellow," which meant to murder the man in question, load his body with rocks, and drop it into the rushing waters of the river which knew how to keep secrets.
21 May 1962, Dallas Morning News, "Tolbert's Texas" by Frank X. Tolbert, section 4, pg. 1:
WONDER WHY THE ancient and sinister term, "pecosin" hasn't crept into some of the millions of words about Pecos' most-written-about inhabitant, Billy Sol Estes? In the Old West, "pecosin" came to mean killing a man and throwing his body into the handiest river. In its original form it meant tossing the victim into the Pecos River, of course.
Mr. Kerr Doubts
Term, "Pecosin'"
By Frank X. Tolbert
WALTER L. KERR, a Midland lawyer, has written this department a letter, suggesting that I just rared back and made up the term, "Pecosin'," meaning to shoot a man and get shed of the evidence by throwing his body in a river. (I was wondering why "Pecosin'" hadn't cropped up in all the millions of words of prose composed about the adventures of Pecos' Billy Sol Estes.)
"I was raise in Pecos and I never heard of Pecosin'," declared Mr. Kerr in his letter.
Well, Mr. Kerr, this word is sprinkled through the literature on the Old West. I can give you two short-order references on it. On Page 113 of his authoritative book, "Western Words, a Dictionary of the Range, Cow Camp, and Trail", Ramon F. Adams wrote that "to Pecos" a man meant "to shoot him and roll his body into the river." Also, on Page 354, Volume 2, of "The Handbook of Texas", edited by Dr. Walter Prescott Webb and other heavy hitters in the historical game, there is a short definition of the term. This is in an article on the town of Pecos, and it reads: "A period of lawlessness preceeded county organization; the expression 'Pecosin'' came to mean killing a man and throwing his body into the Pecos River."
CALLED MR. ADAMS and discussed "Pecosin'." "The word was common in the old days all along the river and not just in the town of Pecos," he ssaid. "I once talked with a pioneer New Mexico cowboy, Jack Potter, who spoke often about unfortunate fellows who were 'Pecosed'. It seems that the bodies were usually weighted with rocks."
Mr. Adams mentioned another western phrase, "Pecos swap", which might be handy for use in stories about Billie Sol. A "Pecos swap", says Adams, meant "a trade made without consent or knowledge of the other intended party." It meant "to steal".
Also, Pecos is a Spanish-ized Indian word meaning "crooked". The Pecos was sometimes called "Dirty River" in the olden days.
COUNSELLOR KERR need not feel too badly over his ignorance of "Pecosin'". Allen Propp, general manager of the Pecos Independent, told me he'd lived all his life in the town of Pecos and had never heard the term. Guess Mr. Kerr and Mr. Propp weren't much given to talk with old-timers.
12 June 1962, Dallas Morning News, "Tolbert's Texas" by Frank X. Tolbert, section 4, pg. 14:
M. M. FULMER, pastor of the First Baptist Church in Goliad, comes to this department's defense in the matter of the old term, "Pecosin'", meaning to kil someone and throw the body in the river (the Pecos River in the original meaning o the word). A west Texas lawyer who had lived for a long time in Pecos said he'd never heard of "Pecosin'" and accused me of making it up.
"I served as pastor of the First Baptist Church in Ozona for seven years (1927-34) and was often in the company of older ranchmen," said M/ M. Fulmer. "The term, 'Pecosin',' was quite familiarly used at that time. I held a revival at Buena Vista in Pecos County. As a result, it was my pleasure to baptize 12 candidates in the Pecos River. I came in for quite a bit of teasing about 'Pecosin'' these people."
Crossing Rio Pecos
by Patrick Dearen
Fort Worth, TX: Texas Christian University Press
[ref. to 1872—ed.] Citizens and military authorities came to know them as perpetrators of a "Pecos swap."…trading violence for four horses from cattle drove bound for El Paso.…A man named Little fell victim to pecosing…[He] reportedly guarded $24,000….A cowboy murdered him for the bonanza.
Texas (Lone Star State Dictionary) • (0) Comments • Tuesday, November 14, 2006 • Permalink

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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text:
Superunknown —
Policy is to treat it like a potential threat, but the emphasis is on "potential."
John Timmer and Beth Mole - Dec 21, 2020 8:50 pm UTC
A variant of the pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is now dominating headlines and inspiring precautionary travel bans worldwide. But scientists are still trying to get a grip on what the variant can actually do differently and what it might mean for the nearly year-old pandemic.
Researchers in the United Kingdom—where the variant was identified and is now rapidly circulating—suggested it may be up to 70 percent more transmissible than other SARS-CoV-2 strains, stoking fear of surges upon surges of disease on the eve of year-end holidays. But other researchers are now rapidly working to collect data on the variant's interactions with human cells and immune responses to see if those interactions differ from those seen by other SARS-CoV-2 strains.
While much remains to be known about the variant, dubbed B.1.1.7, there are some reassuring aspects. For one thing, it's normal for viruses to accumulate small genetic changes, such as those that created the new UK variant (more on that below). Many other variants have been identified throughout the pandemic, and none has spawned any nightmare scenarios.
So far, there's no reason to think things will change much with the new one. There is no evidence so far that B.1.1.7 causes different or more severe COVID-19 disease; it does not appear to render COVID-19 treatments less effective, either. UK officials also suspect that the newly authorized vaccines will work just as well against the new variant, though researchers are working hurriedly to confirm that.
Together, the information at hand suggests B.1.1.7 should change little about recommended strategies to try to stamp out the pandemic, regardless of which variant is whirling through a population. "The bottom line is that we need to suppress transmission of all SARS-CoV-2 viruses as quickly as we can," World Health Organization Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said in a press briefing Monday.
It's also important to put the increase in transmissibility in perspective. While the "up to 70 percent" figure does indeed seem alarming, the actual bump in the transmission rate is modest. In the UK, the presence of B.1.1.7 bumped the virus's reproduction number by just 0.4—from 1.1 to 1.5, according to Maria Van Kerkhove, the WHO's technical lead on the COVID-19 pandemic. That small increase means that the number of people each infected person goes on to infect went from an average of just over 1 person to 1.5 people. It's unclear if this increase is due to something inherent about the virus, the behavior of people infected, or a combination of both.
A rise of 0.4 is not good news, but it's also not dramatically bad, noted Dr. Mike Ryan, executive director of the WHO's emergencies program. A reproduction number of 1.5 can be controlled, he noted, and the reproduction number of the virus during this pandemic has been much higher at several other times.
"[This] just put the bar up a little bit," Ryan said. "We're not talking about a reproductive number like measles, which is somewhere between 12 and 18, or mumps and chickenpox, 10 to 12. We're talking about 1.5. The virus may have become slightly more efficient at transmission—that can have a big impact on numbers when we have so many people being infected. But it means the virus can be contained, the virus can be suppressed [using] exactly the same interventions, exactly the same behaviors" as before.
Emphasizing the last point, Van Kerkhove elaborated that there's no reason to think that the slight bump in transmission is because the virus has changed how it spreads from one person to another—such moving farther in the air or spreading more easily on surfaces. "It's a respiratory pathogen, so it spreads between me and you through these particles in the air," Van Kerkhove explained. "Mainly what is happening is that the virus spreads between people who are in close contact with one another. That's still the same."
While the WHO emphasized the similarity between B.1.1.7 and other strains of SARS-CoV-2, the UK government . It's here where the strain was first identified, and most people infected with it are in the UK.
Details on the new strain became apparent because of ongoing surveillance work within the UK, where researchers randomly sequence the genomes of thousands of virus samples every month. Over the course of the pandemic, circulating strains of SARS-CoV-2 have typically picked up an average of one or two mutations a month, so this level of surveillance has been sufficient to follow the origin and spread of new strains. But B.1.1.7, first spotted in samples obtained in late September, had nothing like the sort of gradual accumulation of changes we've seen before. There were 17 differences between it and the most closely related known strain, giving B.1.1.7 a branch way off on its own on the coronavirus family tree.
That "on its own" is a curiosity rather than a concern. What grabbed people's attention was a correlation. In response to the winter wave of infections throughout Europe, the UK had restarted a set of social restrictions intended to bring infection levels back down. And in most of the country, those restrictions were working as intended. But not in the southeast and east of the UK. And it was precisely that region where levels of the B.1.1.7 strain were highest. In one county, B.1.1.7 accounted for over 20 percent of all new infections by mid-December, and that number has gone up since.
That's not decisive evidence that the B.1.1.7 strain has any sort of advantage. The COVID-19 pandemic has been marked by many "superspreader" events and social groups that flout public health measures. This combination can cause the rapid expansion of strains that happen to be circulating within these groups at opportune moments. But by this weekend, B.1.1.7 was accounting for about 60 percent of the new cases in London, prompting government officials there to claim that the strain can spread more rapidly.
To know this for sure, however, we'll have to engineer the mutations found in B.1.1.7 into a lab strain and then test its infectivity. In the mean time, scientists have looked over the mutations present in the new viral strain and speculated on which ones could potentially be providing it with enhanced infectivity or altering the course of infections.
Old, but in a new combination
While B.1.1.7 represents a new strain of the coronavirus, we know a fair amount about coronavirus biology, allowing us to determine when mutations alter a critical region. And in some cases, the mutations have been found individually in different strains that we've characterized previously. So it's possible to about the behavior of B.1.1.7.
Several of them occur in the spike protein that resides on the surface of coronaviruses and helps them latch on to a protein on the surface of cells. One of the mutations found in B.1.1.7 specifically alters part of a spike that participates in this process and has been found to increase the affinity between the viral and human proteins. Another mutation deletes two amino acids from the spike protein; this has been associated with a reduced immune response but is typically only found in combination with other mutations (as it is here).
Finally, another mutation is next to a site where the spike protein is cut into two smaller fragments, something that's essential for its function. While the mutation hasn't been characterized, its location is suggestive.
Another mutation found in B.1.1.7 eliminates a viral protein (called ORF8) entirely. A different mutation that damages this gene was found in Singapore earlier in the year, and it seems to cause less severe symptoms among those infected. But due to Singapore's successful control of the pandemic, there are no longer any active infections with that strain, so we have no further data there.
There's also some suggestive information that can be gathered from the collection of mutations found in B.1.1.7 as a whole. Of the 17 mutations that characterize it, 14 alter the proteins encoded by the virus; only three produce no changes. That's a very high percentage and is often an indication of evolutionary selection for some of the changes.
The high rate of mutation that's necessary to produce B.1.1.7 in a relatively short time has also been seen before, in immunocompromised individuals who have infections. In these individuals, the infection can take over a month to resolve, and they're often given treatments that directly target the virus, like convalescent plasma and remdesivir. Thus, it's possible that at least some of the changes seen here were due to the selective evolutionary pressure exerted by these treatments. (The researchers behind this analysis note that this is a hypothesis, rather than anything we've reached conclusions about.)
While all of these differences are suggestive, it's important to emphasize that we have no definitive evidence that any of them alter the behavior of the virus. So, while the data on its spread is dramatic, we're still not even certain that's a product of these mutations, and their impact on the course of viral infections is largely a matter of speculation. While we wait for biologists to come to grips with the changes found in B.1.1.7, the WHO's advice remains simple: be extra certain to take the measures that public health experts have been advising for months.
Correction: fixed an odd error regarding the extent of surveillance genome sequencing.


text:
From impressions
LET ME TELL YOU ABOUT JOHN MICHAEL GRIFFIN, JR.
– FROM THE ARCHIVES –Griff, as he was known in high school, was a friend of mine. In fact, late in the first half of our lives, he stood up for me physically and philosophically, for being a science geek. Truth is, John's endorsement was the first time I was ever deemed cool for wanting to be a scientist. It is also years ago on this day, that Griff died an engineer and a hero in the collapse of one of the World Trade Center towers. We lost touch almost twenty years before, but his kindness and generosity formed not…
ADVICE FOR POTENTIAL GRADUATE STUDENTS
(CLICK HERE FOR PIN-UP POSTER – pdf file ~85k) – We suggest photocopying at 129% – LTR to 11×17 – We currently have room in the lab for more graduate students. But before you apply to this lab or any other, there are a few things to keep in mind. First, be realistic about graduate school. Graduate school in biology is not a sure path to success. Many students assume that they will eventually get a job just like their advisor's. However, the average professor at a research university has three students at a time for about 5 years each.…
I'M STILL PROUD EVERY TIME I TIE MY SHOES
Scientific inquiry can be driven by a variety of motives. Certainly the quest to cure cancer can be a matter of wanting to simply help, but even anger, frustration, or grief can be involved. Recently, I saw a news story of a researcher who forged results for new cures, exposing patients to dangerous treatments for his own pride or vanity. And here, scientists sometimes seek recognition, or positions of power. In academia, jobs are won and lost based on the progress of scientific research. That is motivation enough for some. But in the ideal world, scientific inquiry would be driven…
WHO'S THE CUTEST RATTLESNAKE?
After passing me a beer from the fridge, Kimberly led me to the snakes, which were contained in forty-gallon Rubbermaid bins in her living room. I sat down while she shifted the bins to clear a place on her floor where she and her colleague Jayme could work. As soon as she moved the bin, a warning rattled from within it. That sound could strike fear through any heart, and to calm mine, I took a long swig of my beer. Despite this initial reaction, which I have no doubt evolved to experience, when Kimberly—Dr. Kimberly Andrews, who works for…
HOW TO THINK ABOUT ETERNITY
Thinking about eternity is not simply an esoteric mental exercise. It's a cure for boredom, a panacea for the trivial, a respite from the mundane. And it's the sort of thinking best done on your own. If you say to your spouse, "Let's stay in tonight and bat around the notion of eternity," chances are that he or she will look at you blankly and reply, "I was hoping it would never come to this." Approach it calmly – there's no need to work yourself up into a lather by drinking turpentine and spitting fire. But be careful. Intellectual escapades…
– FROM THE ARCHIVES – Griff, as he was known in high school, was a friend of mine. In fact, late in the first half of our lives, he stood up for me physically and philosophically, for being a science geek. Truth is, John's endorsement was the first time I was ever deemed cool for wanting to be a scientist. It is also 10 years ago, that Griff died an engineer and a hero in the collapse of one of the World Trade Center towers. We lost touch almost twenty years before, but his kindness and generosity formed not only…
LOVE AND DEATH AT THE NIH
I first started experimenting with watercolor about 10 years ago, and from the beginning got into "wet in wet technique." To paint "wet in wet" you paint a base color and then add other colors to it while it's still wet. This allows the different colors to bleed into each other, making interesting patterns. People who saw my wet-in-wet work at shows kept mentioning how much it looked like cells under a microscope, so I found some images of cells in mitosis, or cell division, and discovered that they did indeed look a lot like what I was doing. After…
BOILING LOBSTERS AND OTHER THINGS PEOPLE DO
Is it OK to boil a lobster? Short answer: Yes, of course it is. Long answer: Let's consider the life, or rather the death, of a lobster. In nature lobsters begin very small and die a million horrible deaths in a million horrible ways. As they get older the death rate drops. We have ample evidence that lobsters do not go gentle into that good night, dying peacefully in their sleep at a ripe old age. Instead, once mature, a lobster that doesn't go into the pot might face off with cod, flounder, an eel or two, or one of…
GENOMIC DNA EXTRACTION IS ABOUT THE PLAYING
We are grand father-grand son duo emotionally intertwined like the two complementary strands of a DNA duplex. Unlike the weak H bonds in the biomolecule, our attachment is due to divine bonds strengthened by a friendship extraordinaire. Farzaan, eight-year old grandson of the senior author, is a regular viewer of 'Backyard Science' shows on television. Some months ago he dared his grand father, a university teacher of plant cytogenetics to coach him perform molecular biology experiments in their home in Kolkata, India. The kid had jeered at his friend-grandpa: "You bore me incessantly with your books and bla bla about…


text:
Home Actualité internationale World News – AU – Aussie NBA Guard suffers yet another injury...
World News – AU – Aussie NBA Guard suffers yet another injury setback
Exum jumped off the pitch early on Tuesday morning after a non-contact leg injury in Cleveland's clash with Orlando on Tuesday morning.
Reports from Cleveland suggest he sustained a calf injury, although the extent of the damage is not yet known.
Regardless, it's another setback for the talented Aussie, whose entire career has been affected by persistent injuries.
After being selected in the 2014 NBA draft, Exum ripped open its ACL just a year later and has never had a steady run.
The 25-year-old started the 2021 season in good shape, an average of 23 minutes for the Cavs and an important part of their rotation.
WARNING INJURY VIDEO This is the Dante Exum Injury, non-contact, but man, I'm absolutely broken. picture. Twitter. com / TQL71mCgaO
Dante Exum, Cleveland Cavaliers, NBA, Orlando Magic, Philadelphia 76ers, Stephen Curry, Miami Heat, East Conference, Atlanta Hawks
World News – AU – The Australian NBA guard suffers again including injury setback
Ref: https://www.sen.com.au
World news – Les Roms capitulent devant Spezia
World news – Champagnie named ACC Team Player of the Week...


text:
Q: Comparing two arrays? I want to compare two arrays with the following setup, but don't know how using code.
Have one array, arrayOne, compare with another array, arrayTwo.
Once the difference of the two arrays are found, add those differences to arrayOne and remove everything from arrayTwo.
How can this be done?

A: If array1 has unique values:
NSArray *array1=@[@"A",@"B",@"C",@"D"];
NSArray *array2=@[@"A",@"E",@"C"];

NSMutableOrderedSet *set1=[[NSMutableOrderedSet alloc]initWithArray:array1];
NSMutableOrderedSet *set2=[[NSMutableOrderedSet alloc]initWithArray:array2];
[set1 unionOrderedSet:set2];

array1=[set1 array];
array2=@[];

NSLog(@"array1: %@,  array2: %@",array1,array2);

Output:

array1: (
          A,
          B,
          C,
          D,
          E
      ),
       array2: (
      )

If array1 doesn't has unique values:
NSMutableArray *unionArray=[NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array1];
for (NSString *element in array2) {  //compared only for string, if it is some other object need to compare them.
    if (![array1 containsObject:element]) {
        unionArray[unionArray.count]=element;
    }
}
array1=unionArray;
array2=@[];
NSLog(@"array1: %@, array2: %@",array1,array2);

Output:

array1: (
      A,
      B,
      C,
      D,
      A,
      E ),   array2: ( )

A: Try this. Hope this will helpful to you.
NSMutableArray *array1 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"One", @"Two", @"Three", nil];

NSMutableArray *array2 = [NSMutableArray arrayWithObjects:@"Two", @"Four", @"One", nil];

NSMutableArray *intermediate = [NSMutableArray arrayWithArray:array2];

[intermediate removeObjectsInArray:array1];

for(int i = 0; i < [intermediate count]; i++)
{
    [array1 addObject:[intermediate objectAtIndex:i]];
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Mother Teresa: Is the Nobel peace laureate from Albania a worthy saint?
By Michael Collett
Updated September 04, 2016 19:18:34
Photo: Sisters of the Missionaries of Charity with the official canonisation portrait of Mother Teresa. (Mark Wilson/AFP)
Map: Holy See (Vatican City State)
Mother Teresa has been canonised in recognition of her work with poor people in the slums of Kolkata in India, adding saint to her list of titles alongside Nobel peace laureate.
But just how influential was the nun from Albania who died in 1997?
Dr Joel Hodge, a theologian from the Australian Catholic University, said she, alongside Edith Stein (a German Jewish saint who was killed by the Nazis) and Dorothy Day (an American social activist), was one of the most significant Catholic women of the 20th century.
He said Mother Teresa's impact was on the scale of popes John Paul II and John XXIII.
"She did really capture the imagination of the world in a way that hardly any other Catholic did," he said.
Dr Hodge said she was tireless in her efforts to help the "poorest of the poor", particularly in India where she was based.
"Being a professional theologian, she just shows us up completely. She just gave everything to do what she did. She shows how to live the Christian life and make an impact."
Mother Teresa founded the Missionaries of Charity order, which is now represented by thousands of sisters around the world. As a result of her work, her name has become synonymous with kindness and charity.
But Dr Hodge said the complexity of her character was not always understood, and that she did not have an easy ride spiritually.
"She went through that long period of time where she just felt a lack of God's presence. That came out subsequent to her death in her letters.
"She felt a calling early in her life to do what she did, but then later — almost for 50 years — she just felt that emptiness which she identified with Jesus on the cross and with the poor, the poor who really feel the emptiness of the world. She went through what she called 'darkness'.
"So it's interesting to see the complexity of her life as well which people often forget."
She was not without her critics though
Mother Teresa was criticised for her opposition to birth control and abortion, with Australian feminist Germaine Greer branding her a "religious imperialist".
She was also fiercely attacked by the late journalist Christopher Hitchens in his documentary Hell's Angel in 1994 (followed by his essay The Missionary Position in 1995).
Hitchens said conditions in her hospitals were poor, and he argued that the "Saint of the Gutters", as she was known, propagated "a cult of death and suffering" that maintained the status quo.
Dr Hodge said there may be fair criticisms about the medical treatment she delivered, but he hoped questions about this did not overshadow her genuine efforts to help people.
"I think a lot of the criticisms were exaggerated, overblown, unfair — misunderstandings of what Mother Teresa was trying to do," he said.
"She was an amazing person who was doing something that no one was really doing, particularly in a place like India where you had people who were not allowed to be touched, or who were not being helped.
"That was pretty cutting edge. And it's always easy from the sidelines, particularly from rich Western countries, to say, 'Well, why didn't you do X and Y?'"
Topics: catholic, holy-see-vatican-city-state, india
First posted September 04, 2016 04:46:57
Questioning the 'miracles' of Mother Teresa
Is Mother Teresa a worthy saint?
Want to become a saint like Mother Teresa? This is how
Mother Teresa: Saint of the gutters
From Wagga Wagga to the Vatican: Faithful flock to Mother Teresa canonisation


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Grange: Insurgency wasn't in Saddam's prewar plan
CNN military analyst David Grange
The U.S. military turns up the heat on insurgents by launching fresh airstrikes in Iraq. CNN's Jamie McIntyre reports.
• Top story: U.S. launches strikes in Baghdad
• New transition options OK'd
• CIA: Iraq security to get worse
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(CNN) -- With U.S. forces in Iraq striking back at insurgents after deadly attacks on coalition forces, CNN's Soledad O'Brien talked to retired Brig. Gen. David Grange, a CNN military analyst, early Thursday about the strategies of attacks and counterattacks in Iraq:
O'BRIEN: From the attacks we saw yesterday and the days before as well, is it fair to say that the air war is back on in full force?
GRANGE: I don't know if [it's just] the air war. What you're going to have is a continuous air/ground approach. A lot of pressure is on the insurgents, more than before. The coalition forces kind of reduced patrolling and aggressive offensive operations during Ramadan in respect for the religious holiday.
And what happened is the insurgents actually picked their [operations] up, so the U.S. and other coalition forces have to respond in order to keep it in check and to keep the offensive on against the insurgent forces.
O'BRIEN: There's a story on the front page of The Washington Post today that says that this methodical insurgency to some degree was exactly Saddam Hussein's plan all along, because he knew he could not win any kind of conventional war -- that this was the plan, to create an insurgency later on when the American forces were occupying.
GRANGE: I don't think he was that clever, or would take that kind of a chance. I think I agree that he wasn't prepared and he was shocked with the speed that the coalition forces reduced his regime. And he was going to try to fight an insurgency during the war -- in other words, use guerrilla tactics and then maybe any pieces left over to go ahead and put something together, but not just lie back and wait for it all to go down and then start it.
So this is just these insurgent forces reorganizing more effectively and gaining more public support of the Iraqi people, and that's why the pace is picking up.
O'BRIEN: The U.S. response, the attacks on these insurgents yesterday, do you see that as a pre-reprisal, or would you say this is a whole new tactic on the part of the U.S.?
GRANGE: There's a lot of aggressive patrolling going on, but small-scale patrolling -- that quite often doesn't hit the news -- [has been] very successful, I might say. The strategy is to increase the pressure. This is not a tit for tat -- [like] if you blow up a bus and in retaliation take out an apartment building from a Hamas leader. It's not the same type of thing. This is a counterinsurgency operation, and they are picking up the pressure on the insurgents.
O'BRIEN: Is there a risk when you increase the pressure that way? You also encourage the insurgents to strike back?
GRANGE: They're going to strike back anyway because they smell blood and know that this is a key turning point in the ongoing war in Iraq. And as they see any kind of will of the United States start to wane or the people of Iraq itself saying, "Hey, this isn't worth the buy-in," they're going to increase pressure anyway. So U.S. pressure actually would be advantageous -- instead of reducing it, you're going to have the fighting going on. But at the same time, you've got to continue to do the nation-building and transition as fast as you can as well.
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text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.IO;
using BattleShip.Model;
using BattleShip.View;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Runtime.Serialization.Formatters.Binary;
using BattleShip.Controller;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace BattleShip
{
    public partial class form1 : Form
    {

        System.Media.SoundPlayer sound = new System.Media.SoundPlayer(Properties.Resources.war);

        public bool MuteClicked { get; set; }
        public bool hovered;

        public form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments);
            btnContinue.Enabled = File.Exists(path + "/game.bs");
            MuteClicked = false;
            sound.PlayLooping();
            hovered = false;
            if (!hovered)
                this.Cursor = LoadCursorFromResource();

        }

        public static Cursor LoadCursorFromResource()
        {
            string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments) + "/curs.cur";
            File.WriteAllBytes(path, Properties.Resources.AOM_Titans_Cursor);
            Cursor result = new Cursor(LoadCursorFromFile(path));
            File.Delete(path);

            return result;
        }
        [DllImport("User32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Ansi, BestFitMapping = false, ThrowOnUnmappableChar = true)]
        private static extern IntPtr LoadCursorFromFile(String str);

        public void newGame()
        {
            sound.Stop();
            Game game = new Game();
            this.Hide();
            DialogResult result = game.ShowDialog();
            if (result == DialogResult.Cancel)
            {
                string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments);
                string fileName = path + "/game.bs";
                using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.OpenOrCreate))
                {
                    IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                    formatter.Serialize(fileStream, game.state);
                    btnContinue.Enabled = true;
                }
                if(Game.isFinished)
                {
                    File.Delete(fileName);
                    btnContinue.Enabled = false;
                }
                this.Show();
                if(!MuteClicked)
                    sound.PlayLooping();
            }
            if(result == DialogResult.Abort)
            {
                newGame();
            }
        }

        private void btnNewGame_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            newGame();
        }

        private void btnControls_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
          sound.Stop();
            Controls controls = new Controls();
            this.Hide();
            if (controls.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.Cancel) {
                this.Show();
                if (!MuteClicked)
                    sound.PlayLooping();
            }

        }

        private void btnExit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            sound.Stop();
            Application.Exit();
        }

        private void btnNewGame_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AddAnimation(btnNewGame);
        }
        public void AddAnimation(Button button)
        {
            var expandTimer = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer();
            var contractTimer = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer();

            expandTimer.Interval = 5;//can adjust to determine the refresh rate
            contractTimer.Interval = 10;

            DateTime animationStarted = DateTime.Now;

            TimeSpan animationDuration = TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(250);
            int initialWidth = 87;
            int endWidth = 130;

            button.MouseHover += (_, args) =>
            {
                contractTimer.Stop();
                expandTimer.Start();
                animationStarted = DateTime.Now;

            };

            button.MouseLeave += (_, args) =>
            {
                expandTimer.Stop();
                contractTimer.Start();
                animationStarted = DateTime.Now;

            };

            expandTimer.Tick += (_, args) =>
            {
                double percentComplete = (DateTime.Now - animationStarted).Ticks
                    / (double)animationDuration.Ticks;

                if (percentComplete >= 1)
                {
                    expandTimer.Stop();
                }
                else
                {
                    button.Width = (int)(initialWidth +
                        (endWidth - initialWidth) * percentComplete);
                }
            };

            contractTimer.Tick += (_, args) =>
            {
                double percentComplete = (DateTime.Now - animationStarted).Ticks
                    / (double)animationDuration.Ticks;

                if (percentComplete >= 1)
                {
                    contractTimer.Stop();
                }
                else
                {
                    button.Width = (int)(endWidth -
                        (endWidth - initialWidth) * percentComplete);
                }
            };
        }

        private void btnControls_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AddAnimation(btnControls);
        }

        private void btnExit_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AddAnimation(btnExit);
        }

        private void form1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (!File.Exists(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments) + "\\highscores.csv"))
            {
                File.Create(Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments)+"\\highscores.csv");

            }
        }

        private void btnHighscores_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AddAnimation(btnHighscores);
        }

        private void btnHighscores_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            sound.Stop();
            Highscores Highscores = new Highscores();
            this.Hide();
            if (Highscores.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.Cancel)
            {
                this.Show();
                if (!MuteClicked)
                    sound.PlayLooping();
            }
        }

        private void UpdateContinue()
        {
            sound.Stop();

            string path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments);
            string fileName = path + "/game.bs";
            Game game = new Game();
            using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open))
            {
                IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                game.state = formatter.Deserialize(fileStream) as State;
            }
            game.UpdateState();
            this.Hide();
            DialogResult result = game.ShowDialog();
            if (result == DialogResult.Cancel)
            {
                using (FileStream fileStream = new FileStream(fileName, FileMode.Open))
                {
                    IFormatter formatter = new BinaryFormatter();
                    formatter.Serialize(fileStream, game.state);
                }
                if (Game.isFinished)
                {
                    File.Delete(fileName);
                    btnContinue.Enabled = false;
                }
                this.Show();
                if (!MuteClicked)
                    sound.PlayLooping();
            }
            if(result == DialogResult.Abort)
            {
                newGame();
            }
        }

        private void btnContinue_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            UpdateContinue();
        }

        private void btnContinue_MouseEnter(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            AddAnimation(btnContinue);
        }

        private void Label4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MuteClicked = true;
            sound.Stop();
            label4.Hide();
            label6.Show();
        }

        private void Label6_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            MuteClicked = false;
            sound.PlayLooping();
            label6.Hide();
            label4.Show();
        }

    }
}


text:
IXO Planes
ONTC
South Land Minatures
Warrior Irish
Paper Toy Soldiers
New Thomas Gunn February Releases!
Sunday, January 21st, 2018
SPA027A Hoplite Sentry with Lambda Shield
SPA027B Hoplite Sentry with Lion Shield
SPA027C Hoplite Sentry with Lion's Head Shield
SPA028A Hoplite with Cypriot Marine
Prisoner & Spartan Lambda Shield – A great looking diorama set with a Hoplite questioning a Cypriot Marine recently captured. Of note to the Hoplite is the golden cup he has retrieved from the Cypriot, obviously he is hoping for information of the whereabouts of a larger hoard of similar items! The cup is based on one recently found in a loft in Taunton UK, it dates back to Persian times and features 2 ladies heads facing away from each other and is cast in solid gold. Due to be sold shortly it is expected to fetch £500,000 at auction. The current owner has admitted he used it for air rifle practice as a boy! How it got from Ancient Greece to Taunton is another story but nevertheless an intriguing find. SPA027 sentry is shown in the picture for effect only and does not come with this set.
SPA028B Hoplite with Cypriot Marine Prisoner & Icarus Shield
SPA028C Hoplite with Cypriot Marine Prisoner & Lady in Red Dress Shield
SPA029A Charging Hoplite with Spartan Lambda Shield
SPA029B Charging Hoplite with Medusa Head Shield
SPA029C Charging Hoplite with Pegasus Winged Horse Shield
ROM086A Legionnaire Ready to Launch Pilum – Red Shield – Single Figure
ROM086B Legionnaire Ready to Launch Pilum – 30th Legion Black Shield – Single Figure
ROM086C Legionnaire Ready to Launch Pilum – 9th Legion Black Shield – Single Figure
Dacian
The Dacians, a fearsome tribe from Eastern Europe who certainly knew how to give the Romans a lot of trouble! The Dacians were led by Decebalus who was the last king of Dacia. He is famous for fighting three wars, with varying success, against the Roman Empire under two emperors. After raiding south across the Danube, he defeated a Roman invasion in the reign of Domitian, securing a period of independence during which Decebalus consolidated his rule. When Trajan, came to power, his armies invaded Dacia to weaken its threat to the Roman border territories of Moesia. Decebalus was defeated in 102 AD. He remained in power as a client king, but continued to assert his independence, leading to a final and overwhelming Roman invasion North of the Danube in 105 AD. Trajan reduced the Dacian capital Sarmizegetusa in 106 AD to ruins, absorbing some of Dacia into the Empire. Decebalus is reported to have committed suicide to avoid capture by slitting his own throat, just as Roman cavalry were about to overpower and capture him. The final scenes of his death are depicted on Trajan's column, Decebalus is a national hero in his native Romania where a 40 metre statue of him is carved into the rock near Orosva a town overlooking the Danube river. Our first Dacians feature the last stand in 106 AD as they battle the Romans surrounded by cavalry and legionnaires.
ROM-EN002 Dacian Swinging Falx Sword
– features a much tattooed Dacian swinging his Falx sword. The Falx sword was a much feared weapon that could split a Roman shield in two and deal a devastating flesh wound, it came in a variety of sizes.
– Another Dacian in blue and cream striped trousers swinging his Falx sword. This warrior comes minus tattoos but has several battle scars adorning his body and face.
ROM-EN003A Dacian King Decebalus with Bloody Sword – Dacian King Decebalus awaiting his fate stands with sword ready and Carnx. Decebalus the last king of Dacia, is one of the most fascinating characters in Romanian history. He unified the various tribes into 1 nation and then led that nation into war with Rome. His rule for two decades, took place in a time when the Roman Empire was in continued expansion and posed the biggest threat to the people who ruled Romania's territory. The Dacian King's armies were defeated finally by the Romans, and part of the country became a province of the Empire. However, the defeated King has retained his place in history as one of the toughest opponents of the mighty Roman Empire.
ROM-EN003B Dacian King Decebalus with Clean Sword
ROM-EN008 Kneeling Dacian Warrior
ROM-EN009 Wounded Dacian Soldier
ROM-EN010 Dacian Nobelman in Cloak
Ancient Britian – Chariot
Features a British chariot with 2 crew in a somewhat terrifying combination – if you were a Roman legionnaire facing them!
Julius Caesar made 2 expeditions to England but did not stay long enough to establish a colony or long term settlement. The main invasion of Britain was carried out some 90 years later in 43 AD. The Romans were unfamiliar with chariots employed as a fighting tool, which must mean they had died out within other parts of the Roman empire as a fighting platform by then? However the Britons in their chariots certainly had an impact on Caesar who wrote the following:
"Their mode of fighting with their chariots is this: firstly they drive about in all directions and throw their weapons and generally break the ranks of the enemy with the very dread of their horses and the noise of their wheels; and when they have worked themselves in between, the troops of horse leap from their chariots and engage on foot. The charioteers in the mean time withdraw some little distance from the battle, and so place themselves with the chariots that, if their masters are overpowered by the number of the enemy, they may have a ready retreat to their own troops. Thus they display in battle the speed of horse, the firmness of infantry; and by daily practice and exercise attain to such expertness that they are accustomed, even on a declining and steep place, to check their horses at full speed, and manage and turn them in an instant and run along the pole, and stand on the yoke, and thence betake themselves with the greatest celerity to their chariots again."
ROM-EN007 Ancient Briton Chariot with 2 Crew
Posted in Thomas Gunn | No Comments »
New John Jenkins February Releases!
Gauls
AER-008A Warrior Charging
AER-008B Warrior Charging
The War suit, called an OCELOTOTEC, was woven to resemble an animal skin.
In the case of noblemen, this was made from feathers.
Men of non-noble birth attaining the rank of Jaguar warrior, usually had to make do with suits made from actual skins. These usually had the clawed paws around the wrists and ankles.
Otherwise Jaguar War Suits came in a variety of colours, mainly blue , but also yellow , red and white.
In most armies uniforms are used to differentiate units. In the Aztec army uniforms served to differentiate men with different levels of military experience within the same unit.
Rank descriptions in uniforms between warriors depended on how many captives each individual hed taken. A soldier who succeded in capturing four of the enemy was awarded a Jaguar suit and helmet.
It was believed that to capture an enemy, honored their gods in a way far greater than killing enemy soldiers in the battlefield. For a warrior to kill an enemy was considered clumsy.
The captured prisoners were offered as a sacrifice to the Aztec gods.
The jaguar motif was used due to the belief that the jaguar represented Tezcatlipoca, god of the night sky. Aztecs also wore these dresses at war because they believed the animal's strengths would be given to them during battles
Following the warrior's path was one of the few ways to change one's social status in Aztec culture. Eagle and Jaguar warriors were full-time warriors who worked for the city-state to protect merchants and the city itself. They were expected to be leaders and commanders both on and off the battlefield, and acted as sort of a police force for the city. Men who reached this rank were considered as nobles and elites of society, and were granted many of the same privileges as a noble.
The mighty Aztec warrior priests were not only important figures in society but also fearsome warriors who were more than capable of wielding a macuahuitl with deadly intent on the battlefield.
In normal life Aztec priests would be responsible for many tasks, and often occupied high positions in society. They would be the life and blood of the Aztec religion, but also worked in government, created calenders, and were the primary record keepers. In addition they would teach in the schools and warrior training structures like the Calmecac and the Telpochocalli.
As a warrior priest however their role was different, they would fight alongside the Aztec warriors blow for blow. The warrior priests were armed with weaponry capable of inflicting severe injury, and they were protected with armour and shields and were more than capable or holding their ground.
Among the Aztecs a priest who had captured six of the enemy wore a Cayote suit. The TLECOYOTL or "fire cayote" had prominent red/orange macaw feather "flames" over the whole suit.
AZ-006 Aztec Jaguar Warrior
AZ-007 Aztec Cayote Warrior Priest
Aztec Empire – Conquest of America
French Militia
**PLEASE NOTE THAT THE BASES FOR THESE FIGURES ARE SEPARATE, ALLOWING THEM TO BE USED AS CANOE CREWS, OR WITH OTHER MILITIA FIGURES.**
MF-009B French Militia, Montreal
Brigade 2 Militia
MF-009R French Militia, Quebec Brigade
2 Militia
MF-009W French Militia, Trois Rivieres
French Militia 1759
Knights Of The Skies
The importance of motorbikes during the Great War is all too often overlooked. Motorbikes were used for mounted infantry, scouts, dispatch and courier duties, ammunition carriers, medical supply carriers and casualty evacuation. The versatility of these machines clearly helped them play a hugely significant role in the logistics of the war, far more than the automobile.
The use that they were most commonly used for was that of the messenger. Because of the unreliability of communications technology during the war years, the motorbike's virtue of speed meant that orders, reports and maps could be transferred between units quickly.
It was not only the men who got to ride around on motorbikes. The Women's Royal Flying Corps made extensive use of motorbikes. The initial aim of the WRAF was to provide female mechanics so that men could be free to serve in the armed forces. Thanks to the high number of women volunteers, many also filled driver positions as well.
Douglas was a British motorcycle manufacturer from 1907–1957 based in Kingswood, Bristol, owned by the Douglas family, and especially known for its horizontally opposed twin cylinder engined bikes and as manufacturers of speedway machines. The company also built a range of cars between 1913 and 1922. During WW1 some 70,000 of these 349cc twin horizontal cylinder machines were produced for the British military.
BGC-032 The Rescued Pilot – **PLEASE NOTE FIGURES, BIKE AND BASE ARE ALL SEPARATE**
Knights Of The Skies – WWI
Battle of Gallipoli
Billy Sing was an elite sniper from Australia and his "duel" with his opposite number from Turkey called Abdul the Terrible, became the basis of Ion Idriess book
"Lurking Death; The Stories of Snipers in Gallipoli, Sinai and Palestine".
"Abdul the Sniper was the pride of the Turkish Army. They named his rifle 'The Mother of Death'. Because, so declared the Ottoman Guard, 'her breech gives birth to bullets which destroy the lives of men'," Idriess wrote.
One of the Turkish snipers victims was Private John Simpson Kirkpatrick, "the man with the donkey". A party of "counter-snipers" led by Lieutenant Thomas Grace, Wellington Battalion NZEF, were briefed to take on the Turkish marksmen.
Each sharpshooter had an observer or spotter with a telescope.
An equally terrible Australian sniper emerged who day by day killed man after man. The Australian sniper was trooper Billy Sing from Queensland of the 5th Light Horse. Abdul the Terrible was ordered to locate and kill him.
Idriess says he was one day acting as a spotter for Sing. He writes: "How many enemy this particular sniper shot will never be known but in three months his tally was one hundred and fifty."
Adbul the Terrible would apparently examine any man who was shot through the head to try to establish the trajectory of the bullet and the likely location of the sniper from whom it was fired. His calculations led him to believe the shots were coming from one spot nearly on top of a trench across on Chatham's Post.At night Abdul began to dig his cunning fox hole into which he would climb before dawn to lay there all day, staring across at Chatham's Post.
As Idriess tells it, Abdul ignored other tempting targets but for a long time could not locate Sing, until one evening he reported to the officer in charge. "I have found him. I will kill him tomorrow."
The next day, according to the account, another Anzac climbed into Sing's hideout or "possy" but instinct apparently told Abdul this wasn't the real man he was after and he, accordingly, withheld his fire.
Then Sing got into the possy and his observer suddenly alerted him not to open the loophole. Sing looked through the telescope.
"Thus the Australian sniper stared into Abdul the Terrible's eyes," according to the text.
What happened next can only be left to Idriess
"The sniper, with his finger, slid back the loophole cover hardly an inch, then cautiously poked his rifle muzzle through…
"Careful," murmured the observer. "He's got the eyes of an eagle and – he's staring straight here."
"It's me or him," grunted Sing.
"But had Abdul fired, even had his bullet come through that tiny slit, it wouldn't have hit the sniper, for the born sniper knows the crouch that means the fractional difference between life and death. Only when the sniper actually had his eye aligned with his rifle sights then –
"That was what Abdul was waiting for. His big eyes staring, his rifle-muzzle slowly rising up… But Abdul did not know that the Australian sniper had seen him.
"Gently the peephole widened, then stopped close around the rifle. Abdul waited with finger on trigger, just awaiting that loophole to open the least fraction more. And – a bullet took him between the eyes."
The Australian War Memorial states that the Turkish army immediately retaliated, aiming its heavy artillery at Billy's hiding position and completely destroying it. Fortunately for the Australian sniper and his spotter, they had already evacuated to their unit trenches.
GLT-012 Ottoman Snipers
Battle of Gallipoli 1915
INTER-WAR AVIATION
IWA-018B 2 Plane Handlers Walking
IWA-018G 2 Catapult Crew Walking
IWA-018N Flight Deck Crew Walking
IWA-018R 2 Ordancemen Walking
Inter-War Aviation Collection
GERMAN ARMOUR
The first tank crew figures for the Panzer I's are now available
The Panzer I was a light tank produced in Germany in the 1930s. The name is short for the German Panzerkampfwagen I ("armored fighting vehicle mark I"), abbreviated PzKpfw I. The tank's official German ordnance inventory designation was SdKfz 101 ("special purpose vehicle 101").
Design of the Panzer I began in 1932 and mass production began in 1934. Intended only as a training tank to introduce the concept of armored warfare to the German Army, the Panzer I saw combat in Spain during the Spanish Civil War, in Poland, France, the Soviet Union and North Africa during the Second World War, and in China during the Second Sino-Japanese War. Experiences with the Panzer I during the Spanish Civil War helped shape the German Panzerwaffes' invasion of Poland in 1939 and France in 1940. By 1941, the Panzer I chassis design was used as the basis of tank destroyers and assault guns. There were attempts to upgrade the Panzer I throughout its service history, including by foreign nations, to extend the design's lifespan. It continued to serve in the Spanish Armed Forces until 1954.
The Panzer I's performance in combat was limited by its thin armour and light armament of two machine guns. As a design intended for training, the Panzer I was not as capable as other light tanks of the era, such as the Soviet T-26. Although weak in combat, it formed a large part of Germany's tank forces and was used in all major campaigns between September 1939 and December 1941. The small, vulnerable light tank would be surpassed in importance by other German tanks, such as the Panzer IV, Panther, and Tiger; nevertheless, the Panzer I's contribution to the early victories of Nazi Germany during World War II was significant.
Lesson learned from the Panzerkampfwagen I provided the German designers and manufacturers with valuable experience in designing and producing the next generation of new panzers that were soon to come. Although, Panzerkampfwagen I was not a truly valuable combat tank, it proved to be an excellent training tank and most of the panzer crews were trained on Panzerkampfwagen I until the end of the war or operated it in combat as their first armoured vehicle
GA-010D PANZERKAMPFWAGEN I AUSF. A,
Tank Crew
GA-010E PANZERKAMPFWAGEN I AUSF. A,
JJ WWII
WWII Collection
Air operations aboard carriers included a wide variety of jobs. In addition to the plane crews, a large number of support personnel were required to keep the planes flying.
These included mechanics, ordnancemen, plane handlers, firefighters, catapult crews and medical teams.
Without them and their dedication to getting the job done, the carriers and their air groups would not have succeeded.
Men whose duties required them to work on the carrier's flight deck wore brightly coloured shirts for two reasons.
The flight deck was a potentially dangerous place, especially when planes were being launched or recovered. Anyone not wearing a colour coded shirt didn't belong on the flight deck during operationsThe colour coded shirts also indicated the specific job speciality of the men who wore them.
A U.S. Navy Aircraftcarrier's deck crew exists to do one thing: to consistently put aircraft into the air and safely recover them after they launch. In order to make this happen, there exists a small army of flight deck facilitators, and each individual has their own role primarily designated by the color of the shirt they wear.
Life on the flight deck is dangerous and taxing. Spinning propellers, grease everywhere, and a stiff sea wind that never stops are just a few of the things that must be endured for many hours at a time. The night and bad weather throw a whole other set of problems into the mix.
Yellow shirts are worn by aircraft handlers and aircraft directors that shuttle aircraft around the carrier's tight and chaotic deck.
Plane Handlers, who work under the direction of the yellow shirt wearing aircraft handlers, assist in moving aircraft around the deck, they were also responsible for placing and removing wheel chocks, and lashing and securing parked planes. They also can operate the carrier's massive aircraft elevators, drive tractors and work as messengers and verbal liaisons.
BH-018B 2 Plane Handlers Walking
BH-018G 2 Catapult Crew Walking – Catapult and arresting hook crews wore green helmets and jerseys.
BH-018N Flight Deck Crew Walking
BH-018R 2 Ordancemen Walking – Ordnance, fire fighters and crash crews wore red on the flight deck to indicate their job.
Ordnancemen on flight deck crews often wore red helmets with a black stripe to differentiate them from firefighters and crash crewmen, who also wore red shirts and helmets.
JJ WWII Collection
LTS-2017 WWI American Pilot (London Toy
Soldier Show Promotional Figure 2017)
Future Release – Corsair
The crew and upcoming Corsair can fit on a single BH-100 Carrier Base, and be displayed on a standard bookshelf.
**PLEASE NOTE THE FIRST OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR PLANES, WHICH CAN BE USED WITH THE CARRIER DECKS WILL BE AVAILABLE SHORTLY AFTER THE CHINESE NEW YEARS HOLIDAY**
Posted in John Jenkins | No Comments »
King & Country New January Releases
'Ivanhoe' was a novel written by Sir Walter Scott and told the story of one of the few remaining Saxon noble families at a time when medieval England was dominated by Norman nobility, descendants of William the Conqueror.
It follows the adventures of Sir Wilfred of Ivanhoe, who has been disowned by his father for his allegiance to the Norman King Richard the Lionheart.
After the failure of the Third Crusade many of the Knights (including Ivanhoe) who had followed Richard to the Holy Land returned home. There they found a land under the cruel hand of the King's brother, Prince John.
The novel tells the story of Ivanhoe's return and his struggle to regain his father's trust, help a Jewish merchant and his daughter and win the hand of his true love, the Lady Rowena.
Along the way there are battles, jousts and duels that Ivanhoe undertakes and wins before he reunites with his father, defeats his enemies and gains the lovely Rowena.
The tale has inspired movies, television series and more books and even helped shape the modern notion of Robin Hood and his merry band of outlaws…
MK174 Ivanhoe – Our Ivanhoe stands four-square holding his helmet in one hand and his jousting lance in the other.
MK175 The Templar (Sir Brian de Bois Guilbert) – A friend of Prince John and a leader of the Knights Templar. In both Scott's novel and the movies based on it de Bois Guilbert is Ivanhoe's sworn enemy. He is also in love with Rebecca the daughter of the Jewish merchant, Isaac of York.
MK176 The Proclaimer – In medieval times when most of the population were illiterate it fell upon one man, 'The Proclaimer' to make all kinds of public statements, news and laws available to the general public. Here the duty has fallen to a "Knight Hospitaller", easily recognized by the white Maltese cross on a red background on both his surcoat and shield.
Crusader – Cross & Crescent
The Ramcke Brigade
In 1942 among the reinforcements being sent from Germany to Erwin Rommel's 'Afrika Korps' in their assault towards the Suez Canal was a full brigade of Luftwaffe paratroopers (Fallschirmjagers) under the command of General Hermann-Bernhard RAMCKE.
These crack troops (almost 3,000 strong) were attached to the Italian 25th Infantry Division 'Bologna' and fought at the Battle of El Alamein. Although incurring heavy losses and surrounded on all sides they managed to break out and capture a huge British supply column. In addition to looting all the much-needed supplies they also utilized the captured vehicles to transport the Brigade's survivors back to the safety of the Axis lines.
Throughout their service in North Afrika Ramcke's men were famous for their audacious and bold fighting abilities… often against heavy odds. Their famous and well-deserved reputation and recognition was as much recognized and admired by their British enemy as well as their fellow Afrika Korps comrades.
This is the first of two releases of General Ramcke's men… in action!
AK120 The Fire Support Team – As one lying prone MG34 gunner, keeps the enemy's heads down his 'spotter' (with the binos and pistol) observes the 'fall of shot'.
AK121 Signals Officer – This white-capped FJ officer receives the latest orders from H.Q. via his field telephone.
AK122 Kneeling Firing – In any 'action' collection a rifleman in this position is a 'must have'!
AK123 Standing Firing – Almost as important and invaluable as the figure above is the standing rifleman… Both men are armed with the standard Mauser K98 carbine / rifle.
AK126 Standing Ready – This MP-40 'Schmeisser' – armed Paratrooper is already a veteran of airborne campaigns in Holland, Belgium and Crete… He's tough, battle-hardened and experienced… Hence he gets the Schmeisser.
AK-S01 Ramcke's Boys (Items AK120-123 and AK126) The Value-Added Set – Buy all of these singles together and you make a fair saving costwise!
German Wehrmacht
By the time the 1934 Party Rally in Nuremberg had taken place and been filmed the Nazis had just been in power for less than 20 months…
Just over 10 years later the picture had dramatically changed… The British and Americans were steadily advancing from the West and the Soviet steam roller was smashing all before it from the East.
Germany was throwing all its reserves into the front lines to try to stave off defeat or at least postpone the inevitable in the vain hope that Hitler's "Wonder Weapons" would soon arrive…
Among the soldiers defending the crumbling borders of the Third Reich were these Panzer Grenadiers…
WH076 Standing Ready w/Panzerfaust – A young Panzer Grenadier cautiously looks around a corner for a likely target… In his hands, the small but deadly 'Panzerfaust' anti tank rocket launcher.
WH077 Machine Gun Team – This 2-man set has the excellent MG42 machine gun lined up and ready to decimate any approaching enemy. This belt-fed machine gun was so well-designed and manufactured that a direct derivation of it is still in use with the German Bundeswehr (Army) today!
WH078 Standing Ready Panzer Grenadier – A very useful 'back-up' figure to support and cover WH076.
WH081 Kneeling Panzer Grenadier – This figure is doing what Grenadiers do… about to throw a grenade!
WH083 Sturmgeschutz III – The 'Stug III' assault gun was Germany's most-produced (over 10,000 vehicles) armoured fighting vehicle of WW2. It was built on the chassis of the already-proven Panzer III tank, replacing the turret with an armoured, fixed superstructure mounting a more powerful gun.
Although originally intended as a mobile assault gun to support infantry it was continually modified and improved to become a tank destroyer. Our latest Ausf. G model is in typical late-war camouflage and mounts a 7.5cm main gun as well as a 7.92 mm MG34 machine gun complete with armoured shield.
Two crew figures are provided as well an extra machine gun and shield should the collector wish to display the vehicle in a non-fighting mode. 2 x radio antennas are also attached.
WH089 Dismounted Assault Gun Crew #1 – Two Assault Gun Crew reflecting on some recent action … As you see one has been wounded while the other enjoys some coffee.
WH090 Dismounted Assault Gun Crew #2 – Three very useful crew members preparing to 'mount-up' their vehicle and make ready for battle… All three have no bases and can be placed beside or on top of the vehicle.
Berlin'38 Leibstandarte
Leni Riefenstahl (1902-2003) was, to say the least, ambitious and talented. In her long and varied career she was a film director, producer, screenwriter, editor, actress, dancer and photographer. She excelled in all of them.
Her world fame however came from just 2 major documentary films…
"Triumph of the Will" (1935) and "Olympia" (1936)… Both important NAZI propaganda films depicting the 1934 Party Rally in Nuremberg and the 1936 Olympic Games held in Berlin.
Her technical and innovative mastery of film techniques was second-to-none and both motion pictures received much praise not just inside the Third Reich but also far and wide outside it!
Because of her close involvement with the Nazis before and during the war her reputation never fully recovered after 1945 although she continued to work almost up to the time of her death in 2003 at the ripe old age of 101.
LAH226 Leni Riefenstahl film-maker Set – A casually-dressed Riefenstahl leans over her cameramen during the filming of one of her epic documentaries. In addition to her civilian crew she could and did make full use of additional film crew from Nazi groups such as the SA (Sturmabteilung), Hitler's brown shirts.
LAH227 Clapper-Board Boy – Another eager young volunteer from the Hitlerjugend this time assists the Riefenstahl film crew.
LAH228X Sturmabteilung Minder (Liaison Officer) – Although, for the most part, Riefenstahl was left to her own devices because of her extensive use of SA camera crew SA Leader Ernst Rohm insisted that a 'Liaison Officer' was always present… at least for the most important 'shots' of the Party Rally at Nuremberg that year.
LAH229 Standing Cameraman & Tripod – Another of Riefenstahl's many cameramen… This time behind the viewfinder of a tripod-mounted Arriflex… at the time one of the most advanced cine cameras in the world.
LAH-S01 The Complete Riefenstahl Set (Items LAH226, 227 and 229) – Leni Riefenstahl and her complete crew… LAH 226, 227 and 229 all at a very attractive combined value price!
Battle of TARAWA
USMC027 Crouching Marine – Keeping his head down this 'Leatherneck' makes his way forward under heavy and sustained enemy fire!
USMC030 Running with BAR Marine – Clutching his heavy but reliable B.A.R. (Browning Automatic Rifle) another Marine moves rapidly forward.
USMC032 Wounded Marine – Not every Marine makes it safely into cover successfully…! This guy has taken a shot in the leg but he still holds onto his M1 Garand…
Streets of Hong Kong – Matt
This year Chinese New Year straddles late January and into early February. To help celebrate we are reissuing some past favourites, but in fresh new colours…
HK273M Children Firing Fircracker (Matt) – The sound of firecrackers is a familiar sound around Chinese New Year… Here a young girl lights the fuse while her elder brother holds the stick and string of fireworks.
HK275M Man with Birdcage (Matt) – Even today in Hong Kong you can still see people taking their pet birds for some fresh air early in the morning. Often a group of owners, usually men, can be seen sitting in local parks discussing their pets, listening to their birdsong and comparing each other's winged companions.
HK276M The Bird Shop Owner (Matt) – Here he is comparing the quality of different cages.
HK280 Bird Shop Façade – So, if you've already got the previous 3 releases you really need to have the 'Bird Shop' to complete the scene and here it is…
Streets of Hong Kong – Matt Finish
Streets of Hong Kong – Gloss
HK273G Children Firing Fircracker
(Gloss)
HK275G Man with Birdcage (Gloss)
HK276G The Bird Shop Owner(Gloss)
HK277G The Bird Cage Maker (Gloss)
HK280 Bird Shop Façade
Streets of Hong Kong _ Gloss Finish
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First Legion – January Releases!
ROM195 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Cornicen
ROM196 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Signifer
ROM197 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Vexillifer
ROM198 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Optio
ROM199 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Legionary Standing with Pilum
ROM200 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Legionary Standing with Two Pilum
ROM201 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Legionary Ready with Gladius
ROM203 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Legionary Ready with Pilum
ROM204 Imperial Roman Legio XXX Legionary Standing with Gladius
Glory of Rome – Legio VI Victrix
NOR072 German Heer Infantry Officer on Field Phone
NOR073 German Heer Infantry MG42 Gunner
NOR074 German Heer Infantry Throwing Grenade with K98
NOR075 German Heer Infantry Standing Firing K98
Battle of Normandy
Unpainted Metal Kit
FL7503 Napoleonic French Revolutionary Drummer 1796-1805
Unpainted Metal Kits – Scale 60mm and 75mm
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New John Jenkins April Releases!
New King & Country March Releases!
John Jenkins Roman Pontoon Bridge
New Jenkins March Releases!
New Hobby Master Announcements Expected August 2019!
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PET FIRST AID? IS THERE A DOCTOR IN THE HOUSE?
Each at-a-glance entry tells you when to call the vet, which supplies or medications you'll need, what immediate action you should take, and what you should do as follow-up care.
By knowing what to do in an emergency and then acting quickly and confidently to take the proper steps, you could save your pet's life. The next time medical help is not quickly available, reach for The First-Aid Companion for Dogs and Cats. It's a pet owner's second best friend.


These are buy 10 get one free for a total of 11 Puppy/Whelping collars. Choice of solid, pattern or both. No color or pattern will be duplicated.
These puppy collars are adjustable and will work on the just born puppy up to 8 weeks for an average size breed.
Please note: These collars may not be appropriate for extremely active puppies or puppies with an extremely fluffy or curly coat. Please be aware when making your purchase.
Made from 550 paracord. Will not rot or mildew.


Proceed to checkout and enter the voucher code below.
Terms & Conditions: The voucher is only valid for orders placed online via the website (www.debonairspizza.co.za) or mobile applications (available on Google Play or the App Store). Offer only valid at the restaurants listed in the SMS or Push Notification received by the customer. Only one voucher can be used per order. Maximum discount value of R400. The voucher cannot be exchanged for cash. The voucher is not redeemable against delivery fees and driver tips. The remaining balance of the order value after discount may be settled via debit or credit card through the App or using cash on delivery or collection at the restaurant at the time of checkout. The voucher is only valid for the mobile number on which the SMS or Push Notification was received. The voucher is only valid in RSA. The voucher is valid until the date listed in the SMS or Push Notification received by the customer.


Dirty Laundry is an internet-based digital book containing 12 interlacing short stories and photographic triptychs, presented as a custom-designed web app for iPad.
The fruition of my first major collaboration with the American photographer Samantha Silver as two.5, we started DL in 2011 as a call-and-response project across the Atlantic Ocean, experimenting with using various digitally rooted methods of long-distance art & meaning making.
Over the past four years we've fought hard to carve out time in our busy schedules to keep the steam of the project going, been awarded grants that allowed us to R&D ways of presenting it and to edit the work together in person rather than via Skype. This time last year we reached out through a (wildly successfully) crowdfunding campaign to cover the final production costs involved with turning our design for the web-app into a reality.
first author thing I downloaded on my new ipad! Loved the Jeremy story and looking forward to reading more!


Superdry women's Freebounce trainers. A stylish lightweight trainer with our Hex Flex groove footbed, bungee cord lacing with clasp and toggle and new unique high build branding. The lining of the Freebounce trainers is in a vivid contrast colour with light padding around the ankle.
Designed for light sports activities, light gym work and cycling.


Premium stove and gas fireplace dealer, offering a full design and install service starting with a visit to our Sussex Showroom.
As energy costs spiral, installing wood burners provides an economical alternative to heating your home.
Our burners are stylish, adding atmosphere to any home. We stock a wide range of sizes and designs.
Our experienced and professional staff are here to help guide you through from choosing your ideal burner to installation.


I was searching for a Property and found this listing (MLS® #13931693). Please send me more information regarding 2511 Kirtley Ann Drive, Arlington, TX, 76001. Thank you!
I'd like to request a showing of 2511 Kirtley Ann Drive, Arlington, TX, 76001 (MLS® #13931693). Thank you!


Rev. Jermine D. Alberty, BSB/M, M. Div.
Rev. Jermine Alberty brings a rich variety and depth of experience to his work with Pathways. He has worked over 20 years in nonprofit, faith communities, mental health and government serving in the roles as a community organizer working with different faith traditions, training director for a community mental health center, neighborhood planning assessments and staff development work.
He possesses a deep passion for mental health ministry through personal experience. Having had the first-hand experience with family members who live with mental illness, and understanding the importance of the faith experience in their faith journey. This inspired him to seek ways to increase mental health literacy, reduce stigma, and promote recovery in ministries. He has lead Pathways to Promise since 2016. Rev. Alberty is the Senior Pastor of Bethel Church in Columbia, MO and a National Trainer of Mental Health First Aid USA. He is also the co-author of the book Bottled-up Inside African American Teens and Depression.
To contact Rev. Alberty, please call 314-810-2234 or email jalberty@pathways2promise.org.
Rita develops and manages timelines for various fundraising activities and prepares and submit grant applications. She also oversees the planning and execution of special fundraising events and identifies and develops corporate, community and individual prospects for the organization's fundraising priorities. To reach Rita please email her at rmcelhany@pathways2promise.org.


Video is no longer just used in situations where in-person communication is impossible. Its become a tool used during presentations or conferences to tell stories or explain ideas. Video is used at such events where there are live speakers because of its storytelling capabilities. For presenters, some ideas are better communicated using video, with animation, text and voice-over at their disposal. Technological advancements have made these elements into an effective combination for impactful story telling.
Video can be more effective at communicating ideas to audiences than an presenter on stage. No matter how good speakers are, they will be limited by how much information audiences can obtain through listening and a slideshow presentation. The videos that can be created today add more dimensions to any presentation. They appeal to the visual and auditory learners in everyone and even kinesthetic learners may benefit from good animation. Videos check off all the communication boxes, starting with voice-over. The narrator used to tell story can be clear and crisp. Videos allow narration to be rehearsed perfectly and edited to remove any errors. This is a freedom that does not exist with speaking in person. Even the best public speakers will stutter once in a while and this is unavoidable. Also the person best suited for presenting a topic, who is perhaps most knowledgeable, might not have the clearest voice. Video always companies to hire the best narrator for the task and get everything right. If at this point, there are still audience members who can't comprehend what's being said, they can follow along with text is incorporated into videos. Text also serves to reinforce key points touched upon during videos to make them more memorable. Sometimes, ideas that are being presented are just difficult to describe. Its in these situations where custom video animations really shine. Animations allow audiences to see the entire picture at once for ideas that are visual in nature. For example, a story about ocean currents and pollution would be better told through a video featuring animations of all the global currents. Being able to deliver all this information in a short amount of time, videos are more interesting to audiences. In our fast paced world, people often more find interest from watching movies, television and online video than they do from reading.
The trend now is that video is taking over internet traffic. More companies are producing content in the form of video. Luckily, today production costs for animated videos are much less than they used to be. Animated videos provide an effective way to communicate a topic while avoiding the need for actors and the high production costs associated. The already low production costs can also be spread over the useful live of videos, which can be reused again and again. Low costs and the fact that video production companies are easily accessible should encourage businesses to produce videos on topics they see fit. Companies should start with the explainer video that describes a product or service and the problem it aims to solve. This is the fundamental video for businesses offering something new. The explainer video has a great deal of storytelling to it, making it an interesting video to feature on a website, or at a conference. It starts off by describing a problem that consumers experience and then it presents the solution in the form of a product or service. Explain videos are less than 2 minutes long, making them versatile, for use in any setting.
Videos have always been a great storytelling platform. Today, video animation's popularity and affordability make it a great option for all businesses to get their ideas across. Featuring a well produced video at a conference or presentation creates a lasting impression.


text:
class WXDLLIMPEXP_CORE wxBitmapDataObject : public wxBitmapDataObjectBase
{
public:
    // ctors
    wxBitmapDataObject();
    wxBitmapDataObject(const wxBitmap& bitmap);

    // destr
    virtual ~wxBitmapDataObject();

    // override base class virtual to update PNG data too
    virtual void SetBitmap(const wxBitmap& bitmap);

    // implement base class pure virtuals
    // ----------------------------------

    virtual size_t GetDataSize() const { return m_pngSize; }
    virtual bool GetDataHere(void *buf) const;
    virtual bool SetData(size_t len, const void *buf);
    // Must provide overloads to avoid hiding them (and warnings about it)
    virtual size_t GetDataSize(const wxDataFormat&) const
    {
        return GetDataSize();
    }
    virtual bool GetDataHere(const wxDataFormat&, void *buf) const
    {
        return GetDataHere(buf);
    }
    virtual bool SetData(const wxDataFormat&, size_t len, const void *buf)
    {
        return SetData(len, buf);
    }

protected:
    void Clear() { free(m_pngData); }
    void ClearAll() { Clear(); Init(); }

    size_t      m_pngSize;
    void       *m_pngData;

    void DoConvertToPng();

private:
    void Init() { m_pngData = NULL; m_pngSize = 0; }
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxFileDataObject is a specialization of wxDataObject for file names
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class WXDLLIMPEXP_CORE wxFileDataObject : public wxFileDataObjectBase
{
public:
    // implement base class pure virtuals
    // ----------------------------------

    void AddFile( const wxString &filename );

    virtual size_t GetDataSize() const;
    virtual bool GetDataHere(void *buf) const;
    virtual bool SetData(size_t len, const void *buf);
    // Must provide overloads to avoid hiding them (and warnings about it)
    virtual size_t GetDataSize(const wxDataFormat&) const
    {
        return GetDataSize();
    }
    virtual bool GetDataHere(const wxDataFormat&, void *buf) const
    {
        return GetDataHere(buf);
    }
    virtual bool SetData(const wxDataFormat&, size_t len, const void *buf)
    {
        return SetData(len, buf);
    }
};

// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// wxURLDataObject is a specialization of wxDataObject for URLs
// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------

class WXDLLIMPEXP_CORE wxURLDataObject : public wxDataObjectComposite
{
public:
    wxURLDataObject(const wxString& url = wxEmptyString);

    wxString GetURL() const;
    void SetURL(const wxString& url);

private:
    class wxTextURIListDataObject* const m_dobjURIList;
    wxTextDataObject* const m_dobjText;

    wxDECLARE_NO_COPY_CLASS(wxURLDataObject);
};

#endif // _WX_GTK_DATAOBJ2_H_


text:
package com.cloud.storage.datastore.db;

import com.cloud.api.ResourceDetail;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

@Entity
@Table(name = "storage_pool_details")
public class PrimaryDataStoreDetailVO implements ResourceDetail {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    @Column(name = "id")
    long id;

    @Column(name = "pool_id")
    long resourceId;

    @Column(name = "name")
    String name;

    @Column(name = "value")
    String value;

    @Column(name = "display")
    private boolean display = true;

    public PrimaryDataStoreDetailVO(final long poolId, final String name, final String value, final boolean display) {
        this.resourceId = poolId;
        this.name = name;
        this.value = value;
        this.display = display;
    }

    protected PrimaryDataStoreDetailVO() {
    }

    @Override
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    @Override
    public long getResourceId() {
        return resourceId;
    }

    @Override
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    @Override
    public String getValue() {
        return value;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isDisplay() {
        return display;
    }
}


The only significance of the picture of the B-25 above is that it was the type of aircraft which the main character of Joseph Hellers classic novel 'Catch 22' Captain John Yossarian serves aboard as a bombardier. The popular phrase 'Catch 22' comes from this novel and defines a situation from which there is no escape due to contradictory rules.
That is how I feel about the idea of teaching bushcraft in schools; it absolutely should happen, I'm convinced that it would be in the best interest of young people to be taught bushcraft skills, particularly skills which increase their appreciation for and understanding of the natural world. BUT although I think it SHOULD happen I'm equally convinced that school would be a terrible place for that learning to occur.
Teaching about the natural world and environment is something which the curriculum is not very good at facilitating and something which schools are notoriously bad at. The situation was almost worsened during Michael Gove's disastrous stint as Secretary of State for Education when he almost succeeded in having topics such as climate change and sustainability dropped from England's national curriculum. For someone with that level of apparent disdain for the environment and sustainability to now fill the role of Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs is frankly disturbing.
Although I think learning bushcraft skills is a great way not only to learn about the environment but is also a fantastic way to develop resilience in children as well as benefit their physical and mental health. However; just because I think buschraft skills should be taught to children of school age doesn't mean that school would be a good place to do it. As a further education lecturer, forest schools leader and trainer of forest school leaders and having worked with schools delivering extra curricular environmental education, Duke of Edinburgh's Awards and various other things I don't think schools are really equipped to deliver bushcraft in a meaningful way. Also because schools are so driven by the National Curriculum and a desire to satisfy the whims of OFSTED and be ranked favourably amongst other schools in the area teachers and leadership teams in schools will struggle to justify adding something else to what the school delivers.
While many schools do now run very commendable outdoor education programmes the pursuit and delivery of outdoor and environmental education in schools has often been down to the whims of one or two particular teachers who might have a personal enthusiasm for the outdoors or environment. While this enthusiasm might be commendable in an individual it isn't always backed up by technical expertise or subject knowledge.
I have seen some excellent good practice amongst Forest School practitioners I have had the privilege of working with and teaching but this is unfortunately not consistent and is demonstrated by people who already have considerable outdoor experience or experience of other skills such as woodworking, bushcraft and who are experienced teachers already rather than by people who are coming to forest schools leadership because they have a little bit of enthusiasm for it and their school has nominated them to run forest schools. In those cases activities come out of books or from the internet and there is little innovation to their programmes and no challenge for the students. Also a lack of environmental knowledge on the part of forest school leaders seriously undermines it's constant comparisons to the more well established outdoor learning programmes from Scandinavia as most British Forest Schools simply can't deliver the quality of environmental learning that could be provided by a subject expert. That's not to say they have to as Forest Schools in the UK is largely focused on social and emotional development and principles such as free play rather than nature as the Scandinavian (particularly Swedish) equivalents are.
I have drawn attention to this issue in the past as it affects the outdoor education sector as a whole: There is a well used claim by outdoor educators that outdoor education teaches an appreciation of the environment and delivers the objectives of environmental education and have been quite critical of this claim and highlighted a lack of evidence to support it. One of the reasons for my opposition to this general claim is that outdoor educators are not necessarily subject experts when it comes to the environment. Although the outdoor education industry recognises that outdoor educators need some level of environmental knowledge to be able to answer questions about the areas where they are leading groups but this knowledge is the not the same as the subject specialism and expertise required to teach environmental education.
This would be my fear if bushcraft was suddenly added to the national curriculum that a teacher with a bit of enthusiasm for bushcraft and a good collection of Ray Mears and Bear Grylls DVD's would suddenly become the schools 'bushcraft' teacher without the skills and expertise to back up their enthusiasm.
Based on the standard wages for forest school practitioners and teaching assistants I doubt very much that a school would be willing to pay a full teachers wage for a specialist bushcraft practitioner unless a serving teacher was willing to teach bushcraft in addition to their other duties and that's where the problem begins. Suddenly you have an inexperienced person teaching buschraft, which devalues bushcrafts contribution to learning and potentially creates health and safety issues if techniques arent taught properly.
So that would be my fear for bushcraft if it was taught in schools that it would be done poorly by people who were inexperienced partly because of the education sectors historical reliance on people with an enthusiasm for the outdoors to deliver outdoor elements of their provision and partly because I know, having worked in education long enough, that there would be no proper funding for a bushcraft teachers role if one was suddenly required by the curriculum.
These two obstacles would mean that buschraft was taught poorly, possibly dangerously and without the subject knowledge to back up the learning or contextualise it in terms of it's application to other subjects.
Ultimately bushcraft won't ever be included in the curriculum anyway because it's outcomes aren't measurable enough or closely linked to priority subjects or progression to higher learning. I think it SHOULD be but it WONT, would be done BADLY if it WAS and CAN'T be because sadly it's benefits aren't recognised by education policy makers.
From the high seat; a doze in the high seat.