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Jewish Practice Jewish Holidays Passover The Haggadah Thoughts on the Haggadah The Four Sons
The Wise Son
(by the Wicked Child)
By Tzvi Freeman
What's So Wise About the Wise Child?
To the Editors of the Traditional Haggadah
While I appreciate your consideration in including me in your work—thereby preserving the spirit of diversity and inclusivity at gazillions of seder tables over the past few millennia—I do have several serious concerns over the frame in which you have placed my older and respected sibling, a.k.a. "the wise child." In particular, and in synch with your own format, I have four questions to ask:
Unimaginative Repetition
For several thousand years now, you have my older sibling asking the same question. This displays a complete lack of sensitivity on your part to that child's sense of self-dignity. It only took a few centuries for the smarter crowd to start asking the obvious: What's so wise about a kid who asks the same question year after year?
Concerning my own question, the answer is simple: I never got an answer. All I got was my teeth blunted, insults and derision. So of course I will continue asking until a satisfactory response is provided. My younger, simple sibling doesn't have much of a question to begin with, and the kid at the end of bench still thinks he knows it all and just wants to get to the chicken soup with matzah balls.
But when it comes to my respected, wiser sibling—year after year, the same pontifical shpiel about "testimonies, statutes and laws" trying to look so ingenious, his thumb waving in the air as Mom and Dad kvell over his erudition ad nausea for all of us sitting around. How long do you expect us to stomach this? Did you consider the effects of sibling rivalry when you composed this? Were experts in pediatric psychology consulted? It's no wonder that most of us are simply not turning up for a seder any more.
Even if you'll find some way to justify this emetic perpetual replay, take a look at the question itself. This you call a wise child's question? All it takes to be wise is a supercilious utterance of the formula "testimonies, statutes and laws" and you're in? Think about it: you have this wise guy announce to all and sundry year after year that he has no clue why we do these mitzvahs, what is the history behind them or what is their purpose, and just because he can rattle off the magic formula "testimonies, statutes and laws," everyone is supposed to nod their heads and say, "Oh so wise, so wise!" Please! What is so wise about a kid who doesn't even know what a mitzvah is or why we do them?
Worst of all, in total mimicry of my gifted sibling's superior aptitude, you have him present his question in such a way that elicits mockery and scorn even from a wicked ignoramus such as myself. I'm talking about that gut-churning "testimonies, statutes and laws" again. Everyone knows that's all wrong. It's either "statutes, testimonies and laws" or "laws, testimonies and statutes." But the order you've got it in makes this wise guy kid look like no more than a ceremonious fool.
In case you still don't get it: Laws (mishpatim) are those rules that make sense, laws that even I would keep if I didn't have my teeth knocked in year after year at this seder you've eternally committed me to. Statutes (chukim), on the other hand, are those rituals that you people just do with total faith, reason shmeason, G‑d says, so do it. Testimonies (edot) are somewhere in between—I mean, if you had never heard of such a thing, would you come up with a crazy idea to eat bread that tastes like cardboard for seven days to commemorate freedom from slavery? But once it's there, I suppose, you can present some sort of weird rationale.
Obviously, then, the order should be from most rational to unrational. Or the other way around. As it stands, you're making a ignominy of my respected older sibling by sequencing his lines totally out of whack.
Prejudiced
Finally, have some empathy. Here I come to a seder year after year, despite the opprobirium of most of the other participants, despite my stated disdain for meaningless ritual, despite the utter lack of appreciation expressed in your own composition of this hagadah, and I ask one simple, earnest question: "Why the heck do you guys have to go through all this?" I mean, we're supposed to ask questions, right? So I ask what's truly on my mind.
And just for one word, I get it over the head—because I said "you" guys. I wasn't inclusive enough. Yeah, I know what you have to say about me in Freeman's Wicked Child piece. So I blew it. I can handle that.
But now, let's take a look at my older, wiser, highly respected, kvell-over-me-mommy-and-daddy-cuz-I'm-so-good dear sibling: "What are the testimonies, the statutes and the laws that G‑d our G‑d commanded…"—get this now—"…YOU.
Yes, that's your language, you put that there. Well, actually, that's the language straight out of the Five Books of Moses—but you dear editors are the ones who determined these to be the words of the wise child, for which he is lauded and patronized, adored and idolized—while mine are judged those of a wicked one, to be jeered and chastised.
Why? What is the source of this unjust animosity, this prejudice without cause, hung precariously on a less-than-flimsy inane pretense? How long will you continue this unfair discrimination against the rights of wicked people?
I write the above before involving my lawyer or approaching the Society for the Protection of Rights of Wicked People. Your response is eagerly awaited.
Dear Wicked Child,
Your letter has turned up in our emailbox, perhaps redirected by the original editors of the hagadah to whom it was addressed.
First off, let me write that all of us here at Chabad.org greatly admire your stalwart efforts to continue participating in the family seder, despite the apparent acts of discrimination which you mention. It takes a sturdy character, never mind real tough teeth, to put up with what you obviously perceive as verbal and emotional abuse, and bounce back next year for yet more.
We sincerely feel that the seder just would not be the same without you. As evidence, let me direct you to our collection of Wicked Child essays (as of this writing, there still isn't a collection of Wise Child essays—you actually hold the honor of writing the very first such piece on this topic).
In response to your stimulating and insightful questions, we invite you to partake of our video series What's So Wise About the Wise Child? which deals at length with all four of your questions, plus a few.
In case you can't make it through that entire video—which is quite understandable, being a wicked child, which likely implies some sort of challenge such as ADD or the like—let me just list a few very brief pointers:
True wisdom is a state of awe and wonder. Your simpler sibling may be satisfied with simple answers, but the truly wise person asks the same questions again and again, because each time he sees a new depth to the same issues.
Concerning the wise child's apparent ignorance of the reason and history of mitzvahs, you need to keep in mind the drama of the seder. In the hagadah narrative, we've just left Egypt, once again. Your wiser sibling knows that, feels that, is reliving that. And so, he asks once again, "What are these mitzvahs we've just been given? Tell me, Mom and Dad!"
All of us here at Chabad.org were very impressed with your perceptive question concerning the order of the three kinds of mitzvahs: laws, statutes and testimonies. Like I said, a bright guy like you should really check out the video series which deals with your question in depth.
In a way, this question relates directly to your situation. You see, some Jews try to keep all the laws that make sense, while some choose not to make sense. Some Jews keep all the Jewish rituals just because they identify as Jews, while others choose not to identify. But every Jew, whether s/he chooses or not, is a testimony, because the very fact that any Jew exists on this planet in this day and age is an open testimony to the covenant G‑d made with Abraham, like we say in the Hagada: "In every generation they rise up against us to destroy, and G‑d saves us from their hand."
Which is why you are the most important feature of the Seder table: Without a Jew there, the matzah, the wine, the hagadah and the entire seder is meaningless.
Concerning the "you" clause, which you interpret as a blatantly discriminatory practice: First off, please note that your wiser sibling did preface that culprit word with the phrase "G‑d our G‑d." Those words effectively dismiss any notion of auto-exclusion from the community.
Nonetheless, we must admit that this child's emphatic use of the word you remains perplexing. The above-mentioned video series deals with this as well. At this point, I hope it will suffice to point out once again that the wise child sees him/herself as an integral player in the Exodus drama—a drama that (at this point in the hagadah, before Hallel, at least) has not yet taken us to Mount Sinai. And so s/he turns to the parents who assumedly have already traveled this journey and received the Torah and addresses them, saying, "What are the testimonies, the statutes and the laws that G‑d our G‑d has commanded you?"
Allow me to repeat that we appreciate you taking the time to write your concerns. I'm sure you'll continue visiting our website, since we've gratuitously auto-subscribed you to a whole slew of stuff and will be sending you regular solicitations for donations when you least appreciate them.
Along with your wise sibling, your simple sibling and even your know-it-all kid sibling who never writes to us any questions at all, we look forward to the time when "no one will be left behind"—as the hagadah itself intimates: "If you had been there, you would never have been redeemed." There, as opposed to here, in an exodus that will be all-inclusive, all-encompassing and otherwise totally cool.
An editor
From Heaven Exposed by Rabbi Tzvi Freeman. For bio, info and more articles by this author, click here. To order Tzvi's books, click here.
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Therapy for the inquisitively challenged
Who invited him, anyways?
Schwartz, the Wicked Son
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s. Matsui Jerusalem April 15, 2019
Brilliant, informative, entertaining - as usual. Y'yashar koah! Reply
Suzy Sandor Manhattan April 1, 2015
Here and There "If you had been there, you would never have been redeemed." There, as opposed to here, in an exodus that will be all-inclusive, all-encompassing and otherwise totally cool.
What on earth does it mean? It is not a clever explanation, this child would have remained a slave in Egypt? Reply
Carmen April 23, 2011
Now I understand a bit more about these two Guys.. The Wicked acts as the acusator to the Wise when the Wise is not being that wise,while the Wise is encharged to blunt the teeth of the Wicked when the Wicked has not balance in his criticism and turns into agressive.
The Wise draws the wiseness inside of the Wicked to the outside,while the Wicked draws the wickdness inside of the Wise to the outside,when he is too attached to the form and less to the essence.
The wise blunts the wicked´s teeth (and the wicked sharps the wise´s heart.) Reply
Rabbi Tzvi Freeman, author April 21, 2011
To Stephen Wicked, Stephen, real wicked! (and I love it, too!) Reply
Stephen Weinstein Camarillo, CA April 20, 2011
Baruch Hashem, the 1 called "wicked" is righteous This article unintentionally makes a very powerful case for the following.
The one we call "wise" merely says what will win him the admiration of those in power. That shows prudence, but not greatness.
The one we call "wicked" stands by his belief even though it is unpopular and gets him called "wicked". That takes true courage. He follows in the noblest tradition of our ancestors who when told to renounce Judaism and tortured went to their deaths reciting the Shema to the end. He is the one we should admire.
The one we call wise may do well at sucking up to his boss, getting a promotion and a pay raise, and making enough money to donate a large sum of money to Chabad, but will never contribute an original idea, not so much as even just a controversial comment on a chabad.org article. We can think him for the gelt to be polite, but the truth is that he is depriving the world of the greatest gift we have received: our ability to think and to articulate our own thoughts. Reply
nene ny, ny April 13, 2011
wise child by the wicked child What nice pilpul .Quite in line with our tradition, and funny to too. A pleasure to read.
Tasting like cardboard?! Have you tried whole wheat matzos? Reply
You... In Egypt,there was not "you".
We were slaves in Egypt...
We were forbidden to have or express our" I" to You-our G-d.
Now,G-d was saying " 'you',now there is you and Me,and these are the testemonies,the statutes and the laws
that I command 'you'."
The words of the Wise Child represent the words of G-d Himself ,talking to His Children in the Seder of Pessach.
And this Wise Child honored in the Seder,could or should be all of the Four Sons.
All of them deserve the honor to repeat G-ds words.Perhaps even the girls.Every one in one turn.
Then all His Children will be included in the "YOU"meant by G-d. Reply
Thank you. This is beautifull,instructive and very moving.
Obs:I have my mom's clue to turn that Matzah "cardboard"into something delicious:just eat it hot! Reply
Michelle April 9, 2011
thanks .. thought provoking and much to offer in prayer for all who attend, or where or have been there. i have some ADD symptoms myself so i struggled with the length of the text... but i did.. just! make it to the end.
lesson appreciated and some interesting points raised on both sides. G-d bless Reply
Ann Arlosoroff Houston April 6, 2011
This novel-in-a-nutshell Tzvi, you have outdone yourself--and that is saying a lot!! Yasher Ko'ach!
Warmest regards! Reply
Dvorah Lakeville, PA April 6, 2011
Thank you After years and years of repeating the traditional Haggadah, two of my three children have become very bored. One has turned into a "wicked child", and another a "simple child." With the technical assistance of my more (traditionally) learned husband, I undertook a mighty project - I wrote my own Haggadah. I was careful to keep all the important parts while allowing myself to get creative and even a little mystical, explaining more as well as making it more fun. My goal was to keep it interesting and new in order to engage everyone, hoping to help them experience the exodus rather than just talk about it. I've been hesitant to try to publish it, wondering if I've done something "wrong" in challenging tradition. After reading this article I have decided to go ahead. Thanks, Rabbi Tzvi! Reply
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Global Infrastructure Hub / Resources / Publications - Global Infrastructure Hub
Publications include reports, reference guides, toolkits, frameworks, academic papers, analytical pieces and case studies from all over the world, related to the various drivers of infrastructure development. Use the filters to narrow down the below list of publications.
GI Hub Resources
Procurement transparency
Financial & debt sustainability
Access to information and data
Environmental impact mitigation
Social Impact Assessment
Universal access to services
Life-cycle costing
Cost control mechanisms
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Managing Transnational Infrastructure Programmes in Africa Challenges and Best Practices
This second report of the Business Working Group, \"Managing transnational infrastructure programmes in Africa - Challenges and best practices\", identifies the key hurdles that have to be overcome.
The Guide to Guidance - How to Prepare, Procure and Deliver PPP Projects
The Guide to Guidance is principally aimed at public procurement authorities considering the use of public-private partnership (PPP) arrangements.
Planning & Project Preparation, Procurement, Delivery
OECD Investment Policy Review
OECD Investment Policy Reviews present an overview of investment trends and policies in the countries reviewed, using the OECD Policy Framework for Investment to assess the climate for domestic and foreign investment at sub-national, national or regional levels. They then propose actions for improving the framework conditions for investment and discuss challenges and opportunities for further reforms.
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OECD Recommendation of the Council on Public Procurement
The OECD Recommendation on Public Procurement is the overarching OECD guiding principle on public procurement that promotes the strategic and holistic use of public procurement.
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OECD High-Level Principles for Integrity, Transparency and Effective Control of Major Events and related Infrastructures
The OECD High-Level Principles for Integrity, Transparency and Effective Control of Major Events and related Infrastructures build upon lessons learned from the cooperation between the Italian Anti-Corruption Authority (ANAC) and the OECD in the development of infrastructure related to Expo Milano 2015 to set out a model that can be applied to many other large infrastructure projects that face the same challenges..
Recommendation of the OECD Council on fighting Bid rigging in Public procurement
The Recommendation calls for governments to assess their public procurement laws and practices at all levels of government in order to promote more effective procurement and reduce the risk of bid rigging in public tenders.
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Procurement, Bid assessment
Competitive Selection and Support for Renewable Energy
These policy guidelines are intended to help countries design and implement competitive selection processes for supporting renewable energy.
Europe, Northern Africa, Central Asia
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Private Sector Participation in Light Rail/Metro Transit Initiatives
It addresses the growing worldwide interest in the use of light rail metro transit (LRMT) schemes to provide urban transport solutions and reviews the potential use of public-private partnership (PPP).
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The use of public-private partnerships to design, build and deliver infrastructure worldwide has grown significantly in the past decade.
Bankability Through the Lens of Transparency: Increasing Private Investment in Latin American Infrastructure
In this report, Marsh & McLennan Insights, the Inter-American Development Bank and IDB Invest review the progress of the six largest infrastructure investment markets in the Latin American and the Caribbean region (the LAC6) in the recovery period following the Lava Jato investigation – the period from 2016 until the present. This report will evaluate private investment prospects in infrastructure based on transparency reforms and project pipeline initiatives offered by the region's governments. The report will additionally outline a selection of key financing and risk solutions available to private investors to ensure project bankability in the region.
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Reference Tool on Inclusive Infrastructure and Social Equity
The Reference tool is meant to serve as a practical tool to help governments and other stakeholders understand and implement the critical success factors that deliver inclusive infrastructure.
Guidelines for Cost Benefit Analysis (Lineamientos para elaboración y presentación de los análisis costo y beneficio de los programas y proyectos de inversión.)
The purpose of the Guidelines is to establish the types of socioeconomic evaluations that will be applicable to the investment programs and projects considered by the dependencies and entities of the Federal Public Administration.
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The EIB adopted a revised transport lending policy on 13 December 2011, which sets the guiding principles and selection criteria that will reinforce the Bank's contribution to this sector.
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This toolkit has been prepared to assist public entities in the state of Maharashtra in India in developing public-private partnership (PPP) urban bus transport projects.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Presto the cat is a talented magician, so when he and his best friend Monty the dog, join a funfair and start a magic show, things look good for the duo.
But fame goes to Monty's head and soon Presto loses his friend and his show! Will true friendship prevail? Is there a touch of magic in the air?
A heart-warming tale of friendship, adventure and a little bit of mischief, based on the book by Nadia Shireen.


The individual components of complex systems have different life cycles. Usually, the primary equipment is still in good shape, while controls and electronic secondary equipment have become obsolete and outdated, leading to breakdowns and difficulties in obtaining replacement parts. This is where selective upgrades play an important role. ENEAS offers solutions for hardware and software migrations, engineering, installation, and, where required, system-level training. This means the return to state-of-the-art-standards and reliably and cost-effectively ensures continued operation.
Modular solutions for energy automation allow the straightforward expansion of hardware and software. Future system expansions can then enable fast, flexible, and profitable reactions to the highly dynamic technical developments in energy automation. Technological responses to changes in network structures are easy to implement. As Smart Grids spread, this has become a key competitive advantage.


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Venezuelan elections are the gold standard
Fraud allegations abound from those with their own political agenda – but the evidence shows otherwise, reports election observer CALVIN TUCKER
A man walks past a mural with an image of a ballot being cast and the words in Spanish "Electoral Power," in Caracas, Venezuela
THE old man had obviously spotted that I was from the international observer mission. My khaki jacket with its distinctive insignia of the Venezuelan electoral authorities was a dead giveaway.
"The election is rigged," he told me in English.
"So, er, how is it done?" I asked, whipping out my biro to take notes.
"It's too complicated to explain," he replied, scuttling away before I could press him further.
In the three Venezuelan elections I have observed since 2017, that was the closest I ever came to discovering the smoking gun that would convict President Nicolas Maduro, or his predecessor Hugo Chavez, on the charge of electoral fraud.
It was not for want of searching.
I have questioned opposition witnesses at polling stations. I have asked representatives of US government-funded civil society groups. I have even locked horns with the campaign manager for the opposition presidential candidate, Henri Falcon.
But just like the old man who was blindsided by my simple question, not one of them was able to provide any evidence of fraud nor explain, even in theory, how an election process Jimmy Carter described as "the best in the world" could be rigged.
It proved no easier getting answers back in Britain. In 2019, when the then shadow foreign secretary Emily Thornberry was calling for fresh presidential elections, I asked her what was wrong with the one I had recently observed.
She was stumped and admitted she had no idea that 200 international observers from over 50 countries around the world, including the former prime minister of Spain, Jose Zapatero, had declared in their final report that the election was free and fair.
The only irregularities I have witnessed during my three observational missions was a stand for a political party that was 15 metres closer to a polling station than regulations permit, and poor disabled access at another, both of which I put in my report.
At last week's regional elections which were won by the governing socialist party, an "independent observer" told me that she had witnessed a dispute about a polling room that had stayed open for an extra hour. The argument hinged on whether or not there was a queue of voters waiting in line.
At worst, these examples amount to a few minor breaches of regulation at a local level.
Not by any stretch of the imagination are they evidence of the sort of systematic electoral fraud that the US, the EU and Britain claim as justification for sanctions and regime change.
At today's Adelante! conference, I will be describing Venezuela's fully automated touch-screen voting system, which uses thumbprint recognition technology and prints off a receipt which is counted in front of opposition witnesses.
I will explain how the triple-lock of the computer printout, the paper receipt, and the result posted on the website of the electoral commission, makes fraud impossible and guarantees the integrity of the result.
The audience will be free to ask me anything they like within my competence as an election observer. No answer will be too complicated to explain!


The Hacienda Primavera Wilderness Ecolodge is located in the El Chaco rain forest reserve of Ecuador. The lush forests surrounding the hacienda provide an incredible flora and fauna experience. The verdant rain forest is abundant in endemic species, epiphytes and orchids. Large varieties of butterflies can be found in and around the hacienda. The most famous is the bright blue butterfly, morpho Eugenia, with a wingspan of 5 inches.
This destination is a great option for travelers looking to combine a trip to the Ecuadorian tropical forests with a hacienda riding experience. The hacienda has been owned by the same family for over 90 years. Here you can participate in the farm life, go riding every day on their resident horses on trails, some of which lead to beautiful hidden waterfalls. If you book in advance, we can sometimes arrange a half day whitewater rafting trip for you in the local region.
Rates include*: One matrimonial suite (1 Queen Bed) or family suite (2 Full Beds). 3 meals per day (lunch, dinner, and breakfast). Arrival day includes lunch and dinner. Departure day includes breakfast. Late arrivals on arrival day can use lunch on departure day. Unlimited guided horseback riding. Guided hiking and birding tours. Guided mountain biking. Full use of Hacienda facilities.
Transfers are available anytime on any day from anywhere in Quito (airports, bus station, hotels). Transportation can include a two-hour stop at Otavalo's Indigenous Craft Market at no extra charge. Check-out on the last day is at 10:00am.
Available any day of the week throughout the year.
Rates do not include: Alcoholic beverages and special requests from the bar.
White-water rafting and train ride are not included.
Pick up anywhere in Quito, a three hour drive passing through the flower plantations of Cayambe, over the Andes Mountains and down to the valleys of the Imbabura province, passing the San Pablo lake and the Otavalo Indigenous Market into the city of Ibarra down by lake Yaguarcocha into the sugar cane valley of Salinas, along the Mira river and over the Guallupe bridge along Gualchan river to the Hacienda Primavera Wilderness Ecolodge. Enjoy the surroundings of the beautiful cloud forest with full luxury and gourmet food for the rest of the day, lunch and dinner will be served.
Breakfast served starting at 7 am . Familiarize yourself with the cowboys and guides while preparing the horses for the day. Horses available for all types of riders: beginners to experts. The trail follows the Rio Blanco River to the neighboring town of El Carmen. You will see the typical daily activities of the neighborhood mountaineers, enjoy the lush vegetation along the trail, and spot the beautiful blue Morpho Eugenia butterfly and local birds. The trail lasts about two hours. After lunch relax or walk around the hacienda visiting the many crops and fruits in production. Pick as many as you like, our staff will make delicious juice with them. (Papayas, pineapples, oranges, lemons, guayavas, guavas, bananas). Meet the friendly local people and visit a local school for some remedial Spanish/English lessons.
A 45 minute car ride takes you to the Salinas train station where you embark on a 15 kilometer train ride a breathtaking trip. Return to hacienda in the afternoon for a great meal. Walk from the Hacienda down to the river for a swim under the footbridge. Lie back and let the current hit your back for a true natural massage.
Raft with our expert partner company Rios Ecuador Rafting.
There are two rivers to chose from, a great experience and a lot of action. This expedition lasts five hours. Come back for lunch and rest in our hammocks overlooking the forest.
Ride the horses half way up the river trail and then the hike starts at the trout farm and goes along the river towards the water fall (rubber boots recommended). Keep an eye out for the giant bromeliad orchids and enjoy the mountain lemons while walking over the stream to the spectacular waterfall. Trip duration is around three hours.
In the afternoon take a swim in our unique fresh water pool.
Photography opportunities. Hike the hacienda trail with the cowboys towards the herd and see the west side of the Andes Mountains from the Hacienda. Experience a day of work milking the cows and maybe delivering babies from the female horses, llamas, or cows, it is a true experience. Trip duration is four hours. In the afternoon pay a visit to our cheese factory and taste the flavor of a freshly made cheese.
After breakfast, travel back to Quito and stop in San Antonio, the wood craft town, continue to the town of Otavalo and it's Indigenous craft market.
Lunch in Hacienda Cusin near the lake San Pablo, continue on in the afternoon to Quito.
The riding during your stay is unlimited... This is a sample itinerary only!
Note: Guests who want a shorter itinerary can choose from these activities. Scheduling is completely flexible and guests may choose their activity on a day-by-day basis with the guide.
However, white-water rafting and the train ride must be reserved prior to arrival.
The hacienda is a working cattle ranch with horses for all riding levels.
The riding amount during your stay is unlimited - you can ride as much as you like each day on the five riding days (no riding on arrival & departure days).
The hacienda owns a stable with over 10 riding horses and 2 donkeys. Horseback riding trails are along the lush local valleys, local trails and roads and riverbeds. Instruction is available for beginners.
*Minimum of 4 rafters required for white-water rafting reservation.
White-water rafting is contracted and is held on Rio Mira from the town of San Jeronimo to the town of Rocafuerte.
Rafting trips start in the morning and guests return to lunch at the Ecolodge. A 45-minute safety lesson is provided to the rafters as well as helmets, life vests and paddles. The price of rafting includes transportation to and from the Ecolodge to the river.
At least one week of prior notification is needed to arrange the rafting trip.
The train rides starts from Ibarra the town of Salinas Train station and is a 2-hour trip ride through the Salinas valley. The train leaves in the afternoon. Transportation from the Hacienda to the train station is included in the price above.
The Ecolodge is located in the northwestern tropical forests of Ecuador. It lies northwest of Quito in the El Choco national rain forest reserve. There are no significant seasonal temperature changes.
The rainy season is often characterized by a sunny or at least dry morning and (sometimes heavy) rain falls in the afternoon. In the dry season it rains less. During the long dry season, sometimes there is almost no rain for several weeks.
This hacienda is located in part primary and secondary jungle with stables full of horses, cattle, llamas, donkeys, goats, and pigs. The surrounding tropical cloud forest is rich in flora and fauna, and bird life is prolific. The hacienda is at an elevation of 1,200 m (approximately 3,500 ft).
We offer comfortable rooms to our guests and each has a spectacular view of the luscious landscape. The facilities include 5 family suites equipped with 2 full-size beds and 3 matrimonial suites equipped with 1 queen-size bed. The intimate number of rooms allow us to demonstrate our commitment to quality and personalized care.
While providing for the comfortable luxuries of a fabulous vacation, we also strive to keep an eco-friendly environment, offering solar-paneled heated water, biodegradable products, and organic recycling. Each suite has Spanish-colonial decor and its own private bath and balcony.
There is also a fresh-water pool with waterfall where guests can relax.
There is access to free Wi-Fi and laundry services for a small gratuity.
We do not charge any single supplement fee.
All meals are included on this trip from lunch on Day 1 to lunch on Day 7.
Every day, the Hacienda offers a different menu of gourmet specialties and traditional Ecuadorian favorites prepared from fresh daily produce most often just picked from our own or local organic crops.
Breakfasts and dinners are eaten at the lodge, while lunch is eaten on the trail.
Alcoholic drinks are not included with this trip and guests are asked not to bring any alcohol with them, during their stay at the Hacienda.
Our attentive staff and the creativity of our talented chefs offer personalized meals, accustomed to your needs. Please, let us know if you have any allergies or dietary restrictions at the time of booking.


Welcome to Vendlhof! Spend relaxing holidays on our family friendly. Farm, which is the starting point for hikes and bike tours in the midst of meadows. The cross-country trail is right by the house. We spoil you with our own products such as: Milk, butter, cheese, yoghurt, curd cheese and bread.


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Blog 3 Grips to Boost Your Strength Training
3 Grips to Boost Your Strength Training
After years of training myself and others, I finally learned (sometimes the hard way), that little tweaks here and there in your programming can be the biggest game changer in your fitness. For example, when I started percentage-based training, my strength levels and muscle definition went through the roof. When I switched to sumo deadlifts instead of traditional, I was able to lift more without it bothering my back. Then of course, there was the time that I started training with higher volume less days a week, and my body responded well to it.
Anything from grip to foot positioning can dramatically change the emphasis of an exercise, and it's one I like to play with often with my 1:1 online coaching clients. Grip in particular can make or break an exercise depending on the individual, and its one minor element that's grossly overlooked in strength training.
A strong grip helps build resiliency and strength in the upper body, it allows you to lift heavier raw, helps prevent injury of the hand and forearm, and in some cases, emphasizes a different muscle group altogether. But before we dive in, let's get familiar with three types of grip positions:
Pronated: The palms face away from the body
Supinated: The palms face towards the body
Neutral or Parallel: The palms face each other
Depending on your injury history and goals, one grip in a particular exercise might be more beneficial than the other because it's safer for your joint or muscle. Or, you may even consider training all three types of grips in an exercise like the pull-up to get all the muscles involved in a slightly different way.
If you want to be the best, strongest, well-rounded version of yourself (and less prone to injury), training multiple grips is worth your time.
Three Exercises, Three Grips
The dumbbell bench press
The parallel grip is the most shoulder friendly grip variation with this exercise, putting a greater emphasis on the chest and triceps without straining the shoulder joint too much. For anyone with a history of shoulder impingement or past shoulder injuries, this is a safer alternative to the traditional wide-grip dumbbell or barbell press variation.
A pronated grip, however, hits the shoulder joint a bit more so I like to de-emphasize this when a new trainee comes along. It's not wrong, it's just different, and I like to program this after a client has demonstrated they can press pain-free.
The Pull-up
The pull-up is a tough exercise in and of itself for a lot of people so the first thing we work on is building up overall grip strength using exercises like hangs, farmer's carries, and Turkish Get-ups for added shoulder stability.
The parallel grip is typically the easiest pull-up variation because it recruits the biceps more. It is my favorite way to train the pull-up for women who are just starting out or simply want to have sexier, more defined arms. Sure, we could do bicep curls and dips but why isolate a muscle when I can target your ass, abs, and arms in one shot?
With that said, the pronated grip pull-up is still a useful exercise to train. It's harder because the biceps aren't as involved as in the chin-up, but this variation recruits the back muscles to a much greater degree. Plus, it looks really cool
Assuming you have decent grip and back strength already, you can start training your pull-ups with all the grips available. It's a good way to emphasize different muscle fibers and get you stronger in all three positions.
The barbell bent over row
We haven't covered the supinated grip yet and here's where it comes in. The supinated grip isolates the back muscl es in a great way, and I love it for more advanced clients who really need to build up their back strength for well…everything.
The pronated grip, however, still has its merits in this exercise. It hits the biceps more and targets the back. Personally, I love this variation for myself because lord knows, I get sick and tired of traditional dumbbell rows and cable rows. A little change like this feels fresh.
Switching it up
Changing your grip each week isn't a bad thing, but I'd much rather you stick to style for a minimum of four weeks before making adjustments. The only exception is when you feel discomfort or pain during a lift and switching the grip becomes absolutely necessary. Never overlook the details, friends. That's where the magic lies.
Want to workout with me without having to figure out all the details yourself? Learn more about the BarbellSTRONG Coaching membership
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Hublot offers 41mm wide and 44mm wide Big Bang Green Chronograph models, as well as a 48mmm wide dive watch style case. Our new replica Hublot offers the collection in matte ceramic cases which is really neat. So these cases aren't just colored metal. Metal comes in for the screws (which are titanium) and the pusher which have steel and rubber. I thought it was interesting that even the case backs of the watches were ceramic.


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Barbara Santamaria
Whistles opens new store at Intu Derby
Contemporary fashion brand Whistles has opened the doors to a brand-new store on level 2 of Intu Derby.
This is the first new store the company has opened since the easing of lockdown. Like other Whistles locations, the new space has enhanced hygiene and safety measures in place, and fitting rooms are closed to minimise physical contact.
In addition to the complete womenswear collection, the space houses the brand's footwear and accessories range.
For Intu Derby, the signing of Whistles represents a massive win. Colin Flinn, on behalf of the mall, said: "We're thrilled to welcome Whistles to intu Derby, further strengthening our premium fashion offering and bringing another highly desirable brand into the region.
"This new and exciting arrival reinforces our commitment to our long-term aim of creating the best retail and leisure experiences for our shoppers. Over the last few months, a number of leading fashion brands including Boss, Hobbs and Phase Eight have all chosen Intu Derby as a great place to invest."
Intu Derby is one of several regional shopping centres in Intu's portfolio. It's interesting that retailers are still signing up to open new stores at the group's destinations despite Intu's collapse. The group, which entered administration in recent weeks, is reportedly cutting a considerable number of head office jobs and its CEO Matthew Roberts resigned two weeks ago.
Hobbs in profit again in latest fiscal year, but that was pre-pandemic
M&S adds Sosandar, Hobbs, Jack & Jones and more to online offer
M&S seeks to turbocharge online sales with guest clothes brands
Brass to join M&S as operations director, delivering new vision for retail ops
Phase Eight chief Pickering to quit this spring
M&S makes two key hires to run Jaeger and fashion marketing
M&S launches Mr Men, Little Miss kidswear in drive for character clothing growth
M&S big fashion move: adds Joules, Phase Eight, Hobbs, Seasalt for spring
Landlord Grosvenor launches green push for London's West End
White Stuff launches on QVC webstore in UK
Spring-Summer 2014 London


This semi-detached bungalow is set in a quiet residential cul-de-sac within walking distance of the amenities on offer in Aviemore. Here in the Cairngorm National Park a wealth of outdoor and indoor activities include climbing walking cycling trekking water sports angling golf and bowling. Aviemore is a thriving community with many activities and events taking place throughout the year for all ages. The ski area with its unique funicular railway is a short drive away and Speyside has a host of attractions including a steam railway Highland Wildlife Centre visitor centres and excellent folk and clan museums making this an ideal destination for a holiday at any time of the year. The bungalow with ramp access offers THREE bedrooms: 1 double 1 twin and 1 small twin. Bathroom: with separate shower and WC. Lounge/diner: with TV Freeview and hi-fi. Dining area: with table and seating. Kitchen: with additional seating cooker microwave fridge/freezer dishwasher and washing machine. Outside: ample parking enclosed garden with seating. Amenities: Wi-Fi bed linen towels and electric included. Regret no smoking. Regret no pets. Additional info: Maximum of 4 adults a shed is available to store bicycles and skis etc. Location: shops pubs and railway station 0.5 miles. Arrival: 4pm Any property identified with increased accessibility may have different levels of provision it is therefore advisable that you contact us before you book to ensure the property meets your specific needs and requirements.


Checklist Secure Cloud Computing is the continuation and conclusion of previously discussed topic on Privacy issues of Cloud Computing. We have already discussed three the points on Involved Instances, Data Categories and Spatial Determinability, Inspection and Audit Rights on the first article on Checklist Secure Cloud Computing and about Privacy, Technical and organizational measures, Transparency and Notification in the second article. We said that, the rest three are fully oriented to data and thereby this is the final article of this series " checklist for secure cloud computing.
In the past, the outsourcing of unencrypted data to the cloud meant that a company got insight into the content data of another company. That can not be acceptable. Often it takes is a false promise or non-compliance with authorization requirement, to see more than allowed. The separation of control is the most important prerequisite for safe working in the cloud. This point, unfortunately has been exploited by NSA and so called PRISM to the fullest – we can not buy the cables under the sea, so the best method is to use high level encryption while sending data. The cost of decryption is so high, that it can be taken at least to provide a kind of security. One must remember that – SFTP and FTP is never safe. Sensitive data must not be uploaded in this way.
To create the conditions for an efficient separation control, the cloud service provider must have deletion routines that ensure that at different locations data are cleaned after use or after transfer like using copy and paste method; no residual data in this remain in place. For example, new users often encounters holiday photos of previous owners when storing their data in the cloud. In a pro-cloud setup it should not happen. Here, the user is informed of the cancellation routine with a delete confirmation on the conclusion of the deletion of stored data.
This ends the topic, one can search our website with the phrase Secure Cloud Computing in the search box for more articles on various topics on Security to ensure that you are at least having a security of minimum level.
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Cite this article as: Abhishek Ghosh, "Checklist Secure Cloud Computing : The Conclusion," in The Customize Windows, September 13, 2013, April 24, 2019, https://thecustomizewindows.com/2013/09/checklist-secure-cloud-computing-the-conclusion/.


The French are rebelling in large numbers. They wear red wool hats as a signal of rebellion (elegant, this!) and to rally one another. I am told by French connections I trust much of the time that the rebellion is not along political lines, that it includes left, right and center.
generous free social services→ high taxes→ stagnant economic life, high unemployment, poor everything, sense of doom, low fertility, etc.
Many ordinary French people are simply disgusted with the poor quality of everyday life in their country, and, especially, with low employment with no end in sight. Many envision no future for their children. Many of their children say they want to emigrate, leave France for good.
It does not mean that the French are poor, overall. They are much richer than say, Mexicans. Yet, impressionistically, subjectively, urban Mexicans are much merrier than urban French people. It seems to me that it's because the ones, living with reasonable economic growth, have hope, while the others, living at a higher level but with no growth, despair.
You can't fool all the people all the time. And the people can't even fool themselves forever, not the French, not anyone!
← Une culture politique du n'importe quoi.


Brighten up your outfit with colour and style, wearing this 100% cotton relaxed-fit shirt from the Line 7 range. Featuring an all-over green tone, it has a trendy mandarin collar, and tab options on the three-quarter length sleeves.
Complete your outfit with pants or blue jeans, depending on the occasion.


What to look out for in indoor restaurant photography?
I'm tasked with documenting a company event we are hosting in an restaurant. As you can see the place is lighted but I'm sure it's still consider dark for photography. I'm not a professional photographer, I only shoot as a hobby, so I'm not sure what to expect to document an event like this. What are some of the things I should prepare myself for?
Is flash an absolute necessary?
I should probably gel my flash? And if so, can I bounce off the ceiling or do I need diffuser?
What focal lengths would I need to get a good variety of shots? Some really wide 16mm to maybe 135?
I don't want to interrupt the activities of the night (speeches, discussions etc) should I aim to shoot very long?
Anything else I have overlooked?
I also want to add that, I have access to a Sony A99 full frame camera and the fastest lens of that system (1.4 primes).
Also, I'm expected to produce results suitable for the web only and no prints will be made.
Yes. That restaurant is very dimly lit and you will need a flash unless you are shooting with a Nikon D3s, D4, or Canon 1D X , some very fast glass, and you know how to use them.
Gelling the flash would be a good idea. If the lights are Tungsten as they appear to be in the link you provided, an orange gel will allow you to use a WB point that will allow both the flash and the ambient light to appear roughly the same color. Another option would be to use a colored diffuser. Gold for Tungsten or green for florescent lights. It is hard to tell from the photos in your link what color the ceiling is. Bounce works great if the ceiling is white or gray. If the ceiling has a color, this will alter the color of the light bouncing off of it. The reason (one of several, anyway) the photos on the restaurant's page look so bad is because the flash is not the same color as the ambient lights.
I would worry more about using a fast lens than one with a wide focal range. Since the restaurant appears to be long and narrow, I wouldn't worry too much about a telephoto lens. If I were shooting there I would probably use a 24-70 f/2.8 on a full frame or a 17-50/55 f/2.8 on a crop body. The problem with wide angle lenses, even in cramped quarters, is that facial features get very distorted below about 35-40mm. The ladies don't like it when their noses look larger than they really are. 24mm on a FF (17mm on crop body) is plenty wide unless you need to take a group shot of 20+ people. Even then backing up, if possible, is preferred to shooting with an Ultra-Wide.
Now, more than ever, people are used to flashes firing almost constantly at events. Although I prefer using ambient light during speeches, presentations, etc. if the flash is needed then use it to get the shot you need to get. If the host doesn't want the "distraction" of a photographer working they wouldn't have asked you to document the event. If, on the other hand, I'm not the official photographer at an event then I use the flash much more sparingly if at all in deference to the person who is documenting it in an official capacity.
Shoot RAW files. To get the best results you will likely need to adjust white balance for every shot individually. Skin tones are the most difficult thing to correct for in such a shooting environment, and different people have different skin tones. Have at least one extra set of batteries for everything (camera and flash).
If you can, get the flash off the camera. In these shots I used an off shoe cord and held the flash in my left hand about a foot to the left of the camera. Make sure there isn't a wall or other object to catch the shadow thrown by the subjects off to the opposite side from the flash. The first shot used more flash and less ambient light with no bounce. In the second shot I dialed the flash exposure compensation back and bounced the flash off the ceiling to catch more of the ambient light. The weird color in the background is the stage lighting for the band playing on that end of the room. Both shot in the same room on the same night. I had a plain white diffuser on the flash that night, but wished I had brought an orange instead of a green one. The organizer of the event told me the hall had florescent lighting, which it did for set up and clean up. During the event the overhead florescent lights were turned off and only the tungsten lights were on. What appears to be florescent lighting is my flash reflecting off the silver colored grids in the fixtures.
If the light is not enough then you need a flash! If you have a full-frame body that can shoot high ISO with not so much noise then you might not need the flash but generally speaking indoor photography in the night needs flash.
You should point out the flash to the roof IMHO and let the reflection from the walls and roof light the environment.
Depends! If you are interested in people attending the event, then you need a zoom but also, it's always a good idea to have some wide angle shots for indoor. It gives a sense of the size and tells the story of the event. Long story short, you probably need both.
You probably will interrupt anyway! If you have to document the event, then don't bother yourself about interruption. You need a flash and your flash would be interrupting. If you are going to fire your flash every often, then forget about the interruption and stick to your photography duty. In other words, if you think you are going to have a good shot but you are afraid to interrupt, don't worry and take your photo! Obviously this last statement doesn't hold for privacy of the people attending the event.
I can suggest you three things.
it would be a very good idea to go to the place prior to the event and study the place, find your spots and plan your photography session.
If you are going to have group photo at the end find a good location for that as well. This is one of the very first things that wedding photographers learn. Finally, depending on the type of event you can shoot your photos with a warm tone (this is a matter of post processing if you shoot in raw). If you look at the commercial photos of restaurant they all have a warm toning to created a sense of friendliness. However this last suggestion is more a matter of personal preferences.
You aren't going to have much luck bouncing off the ceiling since the ceiling appears quite dark, so you'll need to use either diffusers, reflectors or soft boxes on the flash to prevent harsh shadows. I don't think gelling the flash should be necessary as the light appears to be incandescent rather than florescent. Michael Clark pointed out that an orange gel might be helpful to match the background lighting.
The focal length needed depends on what sensor size you are shooting on. For full frame, covering the 24 to 70mm range should work pretty well. If there are any presentations during which people will be seated, a good telephoto would also be a plus to have. If you are shooting on APS-C, adjust accordingly based on crop factor.
As far as deciding how far to shoot from, there are a few different philosophies. You don't want people's back's blocking the shot, but if you can get the shot from a distance, then you will be less obvious and in the way.
Play around with the flash power to get a good balance between room lighting and fill lighting too. The best balance point is going to depend largely on the capability of your camera, but I'd try to shoot with the room lighting having the most impact on the feel of the photos I could since it looks like an interestingly (if dimly) lit place. You want the flash to fill in the faces, not overwhelm the existing lighting, unless you can't get a sufficient exposure without using the flash as the majority of the lighting.
Other little things, be sure to bring extra batteries and have a comfortable camera strap. A decent monopod would also be a decent investment. Wear comfortable shoes with good support. You'll be on your feet a lot and holding the camera a lot. Depending on the size of your camera, it can take a toll after a while if you aren't prepared for it.
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Terri Hendrix: "The Slaughterhouse Sessions (Project 5.2)"
Richard Skanse — October 7, 2016
The Slaughterhouse Sessions (Project 5.2)
Wilory Records
In the full 20 years now that she's been making records, Terri Hendrix has never once had to worry about running any song or idea she's had past a marketing committee or label suit. Nor, for that matter, has she ever been especially beholden to the factions of her fanbase that would rather hear her stick to her sunny, non-confrontational side than go messing around with songs stepping too close to political or hot-button social topics for conservative comfort. Fans, peers, and industry know-it-alls can all debate the question of whether Hendrix's independence has been more help or hindrance to her career, but either way it's always been a given that when this Texan fancies, chances will for damn sure be taken.
The proof is right there in the title alone of her latest release, which happens to be her second full-length album of new material in the last nine months. Had Hendrix released the album on any label other than her own Wilory Records, she might have still gotten away with naming it The Slaughterhouse Sessions, but surely someone on the accountability chain with a pinch more caution or sense would have at least tried to talk her out of it. Never mind the explanation about Hendrix and producer Lloyd Maines having started the record at a New Mexico guest lodging converted out of a former slaughterhouse; the bottom line is, it's a gruesome album title better fit for a black metal band — not a folky hippie-chick who collects little kids' signatures on her mandolins and who named her last record Love You Strong. What in the hell was she thinking?
The answer to that question can be found straight away in the songs. What Hendrix was thinking, it turns out, was an awful lot about bad news — the kind shouted ad nauseam across all manner of media from TV to Facebook, often to the point of deafening any hope of civil discourse even amongst friends and family. She was thinking, too, about mortality, and hate, and fear, and all manner of other troubles — some perhaps of her own design — and "reachin' for the future through the wheel in a cage" while asking, "how'd you end up here?" Thinking the kinds of thoughts that can definitely seed the blues — but also stir a body, mind, and soul to rise up off the killing floor and shout, "Enough." Or, as Hendrix puts it straight-up in her Hafiz-quoting rap/rant "Bury the Devil," "Gonna dig a hole, put the devil in it."
The Slaughterhouse Sessions is part of what Hendrix calls her "Project 5," a still-in-progress suite of four new albums and a book that she had originally intended to release all in 2016 but which she has now earmarked for completion next spring. All of the components are said to be thematically linked, and like its immediate predecessor, Love You Strong, Slaughterhouse does touch more than once on the topics of faith and resilience. But where Love You Strong seemed to focus more on the idea of weathering the storm, Slaughterhouse is all about not just standing firm, but pushing back. It's fitting then, that it's far and away the most musically and lyrically assertive album Hendrix has ever made, with a full seven of its 11 tracks registering as up-tempo foot-stompers ranging in mood from restless and feisty to downright fearsome. And true to her promise at the start of Project 5 that the second album would lean toward harp-infused acoustic blues, Hendrix's snarly, Sonny Terry-inspired harmonica playing is as dominant in the arrangements as Maines' arsenal of all things stringed. Two tracks in particular showcase that harp front and center: Elder Roma Wilson's "Ain't It a Shame," which has been a rousing staple of Hendrix's live sets for half a decade now, and "One of These Mornings" (by J.C. Burris, nephew of Sonny Terry), on which Hendrix's harmonica, voice, and stomping foot are the only instruments in the mix at all.
There are three more covers on the album, including a pair of straight-up gospel hymnals, the public domain "I Will Arise" and A.P. Carter's "Sun of the Soul." But it's the relentlessly grooving "Crocodile Man," penned by the late contemporary folk artist Dave Carter, that really demands attention. A first-person narrative about a fictional slippery con man with a, shall we say, "winning temperament," it's chased quite aptly by Hendrix's own "Call You to the Carpet," her most fierce and determined show of fangs this side of 2002's "I Found the Lions": "Flames are gonna lick you, smoke is gonna choke you / When they ask about you, gonna say you fried," she sings with steely, matter-of-fact conviction, "… I'll hang you upside down till the truth rolls out your eyes."
Mind, not every song here packs quite that kind of heat or surprise. Although both "Double Shift Tuesday" (co-written with Slaid Cleaves) and the "The Lowdown" fit the record thematically, they lighten the weight of their worries with a not-unwelcome, playful bounce (via the former's gypsy lope and the latter's bucket-drum funk) that wouldn't have been too out of place on Hendrix's 1998 sophomore album, Wilory Farm, or its equally eclectic 2000 follow-up, Places in Between. But the best track of all on Slaughterhouse is the one that opens the record and which really could have only opened this record: "The News." Delivering the most arresting vocal of her career — hushed, breathy, and beautiful — over a spare arrangement of acoustic guitar with accents of shimmering electric, Hendrix drags her troubles out into the light to tell 'em what for: "I still find gold in the sun, truth be told I'm the lucky one … So take your news, take your bad news away." That ain't "Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah," either; it's just how this defiant Texas independent sings the blues: her way. — RICHARD SKANSE
Tags: A.P. CarterAin't It a Shamealbum reviewbluesBury the DevilCall You to the CarpetCrocodile ManDave CarterDouble Shift TuesdayElder Roma WilsonI Found the LionsJ.C. BurrisLloyd MainesLove You StrongOne of These MorningsPlaces in BetweenProject 5Richard SkanseSan Marcossinger-songwriterSlaid CleavesSlaughterhouse SessionsSonny TerryTerri HendrixTexas music womenThe LowdownThe NewsWilory FarmWilory Recordswomen in music
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About the Author Richard Skanse
Lone Star Music editor Richard Skanse was born in the West Texas town of El Paso, attended college at Trinity University in San Antonio and has called San Marcos home since 2007. Prior to joining LSM in 2010, he edited Texas Music Magazine for 10 years and was an editor at RollingStone.com in NYC for four years in the late '90s. He collects cats.
Diana Hendricks
Looking forward to the latest chapter of this mega-project by one of our home-grown favorites: Terri Hendrix. Thanks for the preview/review, Skanse.
John Z
Good review. GREAT record. GREAT live shows. Terri's old stuff is great too.
Review: Terri Hendrix's "The Slaughterhouse Sessions" | SkanseLand: The Richard Skanse Archives
[…] LoneStarMusicMagazine.com, Oct. 7, […]
Review: Terri Hendrix's "Talk to a Human" and "Who is Ann?" | SkanseLand: The Richard Skanse Archives
[…] that matter) to make sense. Like the first two albums in the series, 2016'sLove You Strong and The Slaughterhouse Sessions, both Talk to a Human and Who is Ann? easily hold up as standalone projects in their own right. […]


Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall is one of the few surviving examples of villas that were once common sights in British Singapore. As its name clearly suggests, the building is strongly linked to the Chinese revolutionary Sun Yat Sen (孙中山). Moreover, it serves as a reminder of the contributions of Chinese pioneers and their historic connection to the 1911 Chinese Revolution (辛亥革命).
Boey Chuan Poh (梅春辅 or 梅泉宝), a wealthy Chinese merchant, built the spacious villa in 1902 on a land parcel that had been part of a sugar plantation owned by Joseph Balestier, the first American Consul appointed to Singapore, and called it Bin Chan House (明珍庐). In 1905, Teo Eng Hock (张永福), a Teochew businessman and uncle of the rubber magnate Lim Nee Soon (林义顺), bought the villa as a retirement home for his mother. He renamed it Wan Qing Yuan (晩晴园), which remains a popular moniker for the estate today.
Sun Yat Sen was a Chinese revolutionary who was instrumental in overthrowing the Qing dynasty to establish a Chinese republic in 1912. Fondly remembered as the first Chinese president, Sun founded the Republic of China upon his Three Principles of the People (三民主义): nationalism (民族主义), democracy (民权主义), and welfare (民生主义).
In July 1905, Sun became acquainted with Teo Eng Hock, Lim Nee Soon, and Hokkien merchant Tan Chor Lam (陈楚南) in Singapore when he was en route to Europe from Japan. In April the following year, he came to Singapore. After consulting with his mother, Teo invited Sun to stay at Wan Qing Yuan. In the subsequent years, Sun frequented Nanyang (南洋, or Southeast Asia) to garner support from the locals for his planned revolution against the Qing imperial government.
Sun made Wan Qing Yuan his residence and operational base whenever he visited Singapore. It was in the villa that he established the Singapore branch of Tongmenghui (同盟会, or Chinese Revolutionary Alliance) in 1906. Wan Qing Yuan became Sun's headquarters in Nanyang for the propagation of his revolutionary ideas and the coordination of various activities in the region. Three uprisings in Qing China to overthrow the Manchu government – Huanggang Uprising (黄冈起义, May 1907), Zhennanguan Uprising (镇南关起义, December 1907), and Hekou Uprising (河口起义, April 1908) – were devised and launched at the villa. The building had also welcomed fellow revolutionaries and prominent leaders of modern China from the region, such as Wang Jingwei (汪精卫), Hu Hanmin (胡汉民), and Huang Xing (黄兴).
In addition, Sun also made four designs of the 'Blue Sky, White Sun, and Wholly Red Earth' (青天白日满地红) flag at Wan Qing Yuan, and had even requested Teo's wife to embroider the designs. With the support of Chinese communities around the world, including those in Singapore who laboured zealously and contributed generously to the revolutionary cause, Sun's movement finally succeeded in toppling the Qing government in 1911. Sun passed away in 1925.
After Teo sold off Wan Qing Yuan in 1910, the villa changed ownership several times. Six Chinese community leaders – Lee Kong Chian (李光前), Tan Ean Kiam (陈延谦), Chew Hean Swee (周献瑞), Lee Chin Tian (李振殿), Lee Choon Seng (李俊承), and Yeo Kiat Tiow (杨吉兆) – collectively purchased the estate in 1937 and donated it to the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce (known as the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry today) the following year. In 1940, the Nanjing Government of the Republic of China granted funds for the renovation of Wan Qing Yuan to transform it into a memorial hall dedicated to Sun.
When the Japanese invaded Singapore, the Japanese military took over the estate and used it as a communication base. After the war, Kuomintang (国民党, Nationalist Government of China) contributed to the restoration of the villa and founded an overseas political branch at Wan Qing Yuan. The branch was subsequently prohibited by the British Administration in 1949. Wan Qing Yuan was returned to the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce and refurbished once again, before it was reopened in 1966 as Sun Yat Sen Villa.
A typical colonial villa in Singapore, Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall is well adapted to the tropical climate of the region. Verandahs on both sides of the villa act as buffers between the walls and the scorching sunrays, while large windows ensured ample air ventilation before the advent of air-conditioning. Above the projecting porte-cochere (carriage porch) was a sitting area for the residents, which is now a spacious open room supported by stately Corinthian columns. Lining the perimeters of the upper floor are cast-iron railings with an intricate design, while the roof eaves are adorned with filigree fascia.
The villa is situated in a beautiful compound. Besides lush greenery, two bronze statues of Sun Yat Sen – one seated and the other standing – can be found in the garden. There is also a long bronze wall mural that depicts scenes from early twentieth-century Singapore.
Wan Qing Yuan was renamed Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall in 1997. After the National Heritage Board took over the management of the former residence in 2009, the estate underwent yet another phase of development. It was reopened to the public on the centenary anniversary of the 1911 Chinese Revolution in 2011.
Sun Yat Sen Nanyang Memorial Hall seeks to present to its visitors the 1911 Chinese Revolution from the perspectives of Chinese communities living in Singapore and Nanyang.


text:
Q: How does dplyr's between work? I've read the documentation and I've tried googling it; it should be a simple thing, but it would seem it's not to me; so I boldly go forth and ask if someone here could explain me how dplyr's between() works.
# Explanation documentation
between(x, left, right)

x            A numeric vector of values
left, right: Boundary values

I understand a vector is a one-dimensional array, so I suppose c(1:7) is a vector, right? I tried using the example provided in the documentation as a template to search for flights july–september, but the following just returns an error:
# Example from documentation cont'd
x <- rnorm(1e2)
x[between(x, -1, 1)]

# Loading the library
library(nycflights13)

# Execute my hopeless attempt at between()
flights[between(month, 7, 9)]

# Output and error message
> flights[between(month, 7, 9)]
Error in between(month, 7, 9) : object 'month' not found

I feel really daft asking this, but any help in understanding this will be greatly appreciated. I would also apologise for not asking a well-defined question; as is probably appreciated, I really don't know how to phrase it other than 'I don't get it'.

A: between is nothing special — any other function in R would have led to the same problem. Your confusion stems from the fact that dplyr has a lot of functions that allow you to work on data.frame column names as if they were normal variables; for instance:
filter(flights, month > 9)

However, between is not one of these functions. As mentioned, it's simply a normal function. So if you want to use it, you need to provide arguments in the conventional way; for instance:
between(flights$month, 7, 9)

This will return a logical vector, and you can now use it to index your data.frame:
flights[between(flights$month, 7, 9), ]

Or, more dplyr-like:
flights %>% filter(between(month, 7, 9))

Note that here we now use non-standard evaluation. But the evaluation is performed by filter, not by between. between is called (by filter) using standard evaluation.

A: I guess you want it like this:
library(nycflights13)
library(dplyr)

flights %>% filter(between(month,7,9))

I see in the meantime this solution also appeared in the comments.

A: filter(flights, between(month, 7,9)) seems to work just fine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Ironhide é um robô alienígena da equipe dos Autobots, em várias versões dos Transformers, seja em desenhos animados, quadrinhos/ banda desenhada, filmes, etc. A bravura é uma característica comum a todas as versões do personagem.

Geração Um: Quadrinhos e a primeira série animada
Esta versão do personagem se transformava numa Nissan Vanette vermelha, com uma faixa amarela horizontal nas laterais.
Nas suas primeiras aparições nos quadrinhos da Marvel, publicados no Brasil, ele e Ratchet tinham a mesma forma dos brinquedos correspondentes (não lançados no Brasil na época), bem diferente da forma humanóide dos outros robôs. Isto se deve ao fato de a forma dos personagens ter sido baseada na linha de brinquedos Diaclone, da empresa japonesa Takara. Os brinquedos da linha Diaclone não representavam robôs conscientes, mas máquinas pilotadas por humanos, tanto que os bonecos de Ironhide e Ratchet não tinham cabeça, mas um assento atrás do parabrisa, uma cadeira destinada ao piloto.
Ao serem transpostos para o desenho animado, contudo, Ironhide e Ratchet foram redesenhados para ganhar uma aparência humanóide similar à dos outros Transformers. Pouco depois, os quadrinhos incorporaram a versão humanóide dos personagens.
O personagem, no desenho animado, recebeu no Brasil a voz do dublador André Luiz Chapéu.

Transformers: Robots in Disguise
Nesta série animada, Ironhide se transforma numa picape Ford F-Series branca com o desenho de uma cabeça de touro no capô, e pertence ao subgrupo autobot conhecido como Spy Changers.
Não é um personagem fixo e sua participação é pequena.

Filmes

Transformers
No filme de 2007, Ironhide vêm para a Terra junto com os Autobots ao receber o sinal de Bumblebee, ele aparece já transformado em uma  Pick-up modelo GMC Topkick , logo depois ele vai ao encontro de Sam junto com os outros Autobots depois.É um especialista em armas,luta com Brawl e carrega os restos de Jazz.

Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen
No filme de 2009, Ironhide agora esta mais "educado", ele aparece pela primeira vez junto com Lenox na procura de Demolishor, ajudando Optimus a matar o mesmo. Depois ele aparece rapido junto com os Autobots na base em Diego Garcia. Ele estava presente quando os Autobots resgatavam Sam na cena da morte de Optimus na floresta. Depois ele está na base junto com Ratchet, Sideswipe e Jolt quando a equipe Nest é desativada. Depois ele aparece no avião no Egito e na batalha, onde perde seu canhão do braço direito.

Transformers: Dark of the Moon
No filme de 2011, Ironhide aparece na central da NEST, recebendo uma nova arma de seu colega Que, parecida com o rifle de fusão que Megatron usa neste filme, para substituir o canhão do braço direito perdido no último filme. Ele alerta que Optimus está furioso, ao saber que um artefato Cybertroniano está em poder de humanos. Nesta conversa ele pergunta se a NASA procurou os destroços, e tem a sua resposta ao ver todos quietos. Depois ele luta contra os Dreads Crowbar e Crankcase, forçando-os a largar suas armas. Mas é ferido quando Crowbar atira uma arma cybertroniana cheia de espinhos. Sideswipe joga seu rifle, e ele então, dá dois tiros em Crowbar e usa a própria arma do mesmo, enfiando na boca de Cranckase, matando-o. De volta para o NEST ele dá cobertura a Sentinel Prime, que se revela um traidor, e mata Ironhide com três tiros de uma arma lançadora de ferrugem cósmica. Os tiros de ferrugem cósmica fazem com que Ironhide enferruje e se desintegre.

Imagem em Transformers: Age of Extinction

Apesar de já estar morto, em Transformers: A Era da Extinção, há uma cena em que Harold Attinger( Chefe do Vento de Cemitério) joga cartas de transformers na mesa, entre essas cartas está uma  com o rosto de ironhide marcada com um X vermelho e escrito seu nome em baixo.

Transformers: Animated
Na série animada atual, a exemplo do desenho A Nova Geração, Ironhide aparece pouco. Ele se transforma numa van cibertroniana de cor laranja.

Autobots

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Clinical Sociology Review
Home > Open Access Journals > CSR > Vol. 12 (1994) > Iss. 1
Toward a Three-Dimensional Model of Suicide
Kimberly A. Folse, Southwest Texas State University
Dennis L. Peck, The University of Alabama
Cases collected from medical examiner's records are used to assess a three-dimensional model of failure suicide. The data are suggestive that youthful suicide can be explained in part as a reaction to perceived failure, the perception that significant others fail to provide succor, and the belief that others also view the individual as a failure. Implications of the findings are discussed in light of the proposed model.
Folse, Kimberly A. and Peck, Dennis L. (1994) "Toward a Three-Dimensional Model of Suicide," Clinical Sociology Review: Vol. 12 : Iss. 1 , Article 12.
Available at: https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/csr/vol12/iss1/12
Sociology Commons
All Issues Vol. 16, Iss. 1 Vol. 15, Iss. 1 Vol. 14, Iss. 1 Vol. 13, Iss. 1 Vol. 12, Iss. 1 Vol. 11, Iss. 1 Vol. 10, Iss. 1 Vol. 9, Iss. 1 Vol. 8, Iss. 1 Vol. 7, Iss. 1 Vol. 6, Iss. 1 Vol. 5, Iss. 1 Vol. 4, Iss. 1 Vol. 3, Iss. 1 Vol. 2, Iss. 1 Vol. 1, Iss. 1
Home | About | FAQ | My Account | Accessibility Statement | DigitalCommons@WayneState ISSN 2572-8601


text:
Big City Luau
NorthStar Presidents Day Challenge
Sam Sullivan
Sam was an athlete in Kokoro's first "graduating" class! After playing with Kokoro, Sam competed at Minnesota State - Moorhead, where as a setter she led her team to wins over ranked opponents on many occasions. While at Moorhead, Sam coached for a small local club and for Kokoro in a camp setting. This will be Sam's 8th season coaching juniors and her 4th season coaching with Kokoro. In 2017, she coached her team to a birth in the USAV National Championship Tournament as one of the best teams in the State of Minnesota in their age division! Her abilities to train and teach athletes are of the very best in the club.
Sam is a graduate of Woodbury High School, and Minnesota State Moorhead with a Degree in Exercise Science, Sam also graduated from St. Kate's with a Master of Art in Organizational Leadership. Sam is currently an assistant coach at St. Catherine's University in St. Paul.
"Sam is a great addition to our coaching staff. As an athlete, she was required to implement our philosophy; so Sam has the first-hand experience on how we train as well as the goals of our program. We are looking forward to many seasons with Sam on our coaching staff!"
R.T. Luczak Jennifer Brathol Mailing Address Kokoro Volleyball
rt@kokorovolleyball.com jen@kokorovolleyball.com P.O. Box 721 2290 1st Street North
612-750-2876 715-307-3772 Hudson, WI 54016 North St. Paul, MN United States 55109
©2017 Kokoro Volleyball


text:
Antonio de Viana, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, 1578 - 1650?, fou un historiador, metge i poeta canari.

Biografia
Va estudiar a Sevilla la Llicenciatura de Medicina, que va acabar el 1606. És possiblement en aquesta ciutat on va conèixer Lope de Vega.

Des del 1607 va prestar els seus serveis al Cabildo de Tenerife per portar a terme l'atenció dels malalts de l'hospital. També a Sevilla va ocupar la plaça de metge cirurgià de l'Hospital del Cardenal. El 1630, davant el notable augment de la seva fama, els seus contemporanis de Tenerife van aconseguir de convèncer-lo i portar-lo novament a l'illa, amb el seu antic càrrec esplèndidament remunerat. El 1633 es va traslladar a Las Palmas, on va exercir gran part de la seva professió. Va ser metge del bisbe Murgas, elevant encara més la seva reputació entre membres de tribunals i altes personalitats que en aquell temps residien a la ciutat grancanaria.

Obres
 Antigüedades de las Islas Afortunadas(1604), poesia de gran valor que aporta una important informació sobre la costums i etnografia illenques.
 Conquista de Tenerife.
 Aparecimiento de la imagen de la Candelaria.
 Discurso en la herida que sufrió Juan Bautista Silman (1637).

Bibliografia
 Volum 9,Enciclopedia Universal Sopena, (1967), Barcelona, Ed. Ramón Sopena.

Cirurgians espanyols
Historiadors canaris
Escriptors canaris en castellà
Poetes espanyols en castellà
Persones de San Cristóbal de La Laguna
Alumnes de la Universitat de Sevilla
Científics canaris


Understanding how Thought profoundly affects every aspect of our lives is the key to successful change. Thinking happens whether we want it to or not. Apparently some 60,000 times a day (Mali Sharif-The secret) most of which go unnoticed (sub-conscious). Thoughts, positive or negative are going to occur regardless, as they change from moment to moment life can become a bit of a struggle. The secret, if there is one is in understanding that it is not about denying thoughts, we can no more decide what thoughts are going to pop into our head than we can choose the colour of our eyes or hair!


Merry Christmas, Happy Hanukkah, Yuletide Greetings!
Published the Alapaha River Water Trail all-in-one brochure, map, and card, distributed 5,000 copies, and are preparing to republish. Thanks to the Valdosta-Lowndes County, GA Tourism Authority and the Hamilton County, FL Tourist Development Council for their financial contributions to the ARWT, and to Georgia River Network for the original grant. Thanks to all the businesses and individuals who contributed prizes to the ARWT logo contest, including Wild Adventures, Jasper Hardware, and Hometown Handyman, as well as to the organizations that sent letters of support, including the Valdosta-Lowndes Development Authority and the Valdosta-Lowndes Chamber of Commerce.
Started a monthly member newsletter, Tannin Times.
Estabished the Withlacoochee and Little River Water Trail Commitee; preparing to announce WLRWT logo contest winners at the February 27, 2016 WLRWT Conference. Thanks to the Valdosta-Lowndes Tourism Authority for their contribution towards printing WLRWT brochures.
Held a dozen monthly Outings, plus some collaborations and informal Field Trips and Scouting Expeditions.
At WWALS' request, Valdosta held a wastewater meeting in March to update concerned parties both downstream in Florida and in Atlanta. WWALS continues to follow up on the Valdosta wastewater situation.
Many talks and tables at organizations ranging from Georgia's Alapaha Soil and Water Conservation District to the Alapaha Station Celebration to development authorities.
Petitioned a court in Florida against a permit for the invading Sabal Trail fracked methane pipeline, enabled a full-blown three-day legal hearing in Jasper, Florida; pecial thanks to all who testified. We continue fighting against that unnecessary, destructive, and hazardous boondoggle, including providing information to the Suwannee County, Florida Board of County Commissioners. Thanks to Sierra Club and Save Our Suwannee for their contributions to the legal fund, and to all those who contributed through the IndieGoGo crowdfunding campaign and through donations.
Joined Floridians Against Fracking and continued to support solar power in Georgia and Florida.
Investigated recent corporate agricultural land purchases by investors from the west coast; you'll see more of that in the coming year.
And thanks to the Lowndes County Commission for approving purchase of the land for the Naylor River Boat Ramp at US 84!
This was all done through volunteer efforts of you, the members and the WWALS board, facilitated by grants and contributions from organizations.
There is so much to do that WWALS is raising funds to hire an Executive Director and/or Waterkeeper. Don't worry: the board and members will remain engaged and active as always, no matter who or how many we hire.
Will you make a tax-deductable, end-of-the-year donation today that will help the advocacy of WWALS for conservation and stewardship of all our rivers and the Floridan Aquifer for ourselves and our posterity?
Happy Christmas to all, and to all a good new year!
This entry was posted in Aquifer, River and tagged conservation, Donations, membership, north Florida, river, south Georgia, watershed, WWALS, WWALS Watershed Coalition on December 15, 2015 by jsq.


text:
https://www.fairfieldcitizenonline.com/realestate/article/On-the-Market-In-town-landmark-1850-house-in-13227358.php
On the Market / In-town landmark 1850 house in Fairfield, bu with pool and spa
By Meg Barone
Published 3:05 pm EDT, Thursday, September 13, 2018
The antique Italianate colonial house at 931 Old Post Road was once the home of celebrated 20th century artist Robert Vickrey.
Photo: Daniel Milstein Photography / Contributed Photos
FAIRFIELD — Celebrated 20th century artist Robert Vickrey (1926-2011) specialized in the ancient medium of egg tempera, which he used to create his noteworthy work. His paintings are included in the collections of 80 leading museums, and his portraits graced 78 covers of Time magazine between 1957 and 1968, according to his website.
One of his most notable portraits was of the Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. for the magazine's Man of the Year issue in 1964, according to Vickrey's obituary in the New York Times on April 20, 2011.
Philip Eliasoph, professor of art history in the Department of Visual and Performing Arts at Fairfield University, and the author of "Robert Vickrey: The Magic of Realism," said on the website, "Vickrey is indelibly written into mid-century American representational painting … I have no doubt that 300 years from now … he will be permanently cast into the flow of the current of American realist painting."
Vickrey's style, "magic realism," may explain his attraction to the symmetrical antique Italianate colonial house at 931 Old Post Road, where Vickrey lived and painted for a number of years. It is a magical blend of past and present. The Samuel A. Nichols House was built circa 1850, and it was more recently renovated and expanded to 4,936 square feet, preserving many of its 19th century architectural details and adding many special features appropriate to the current century.
Among its historic and distinctive features are its decorative brackets under an ornamental cornice on the front facade, cross-gabled roof, its tall ceilings and windows, and its spacious covered front veranda with several sets of double columns. "This style dominated American houses, in both urban and country settings, between roughly 1850 and 1870. The style was popular as cities and towns were settled across the Midwest, making Italianate a common sight in such places. It was also popular in the still-growing older cities of the Northeast," according to the website architecturestyles.org.
Among its modern-day features are the deep crown moldings, cherry-paneled library, the new designer kitchen, and in-ground swimming pool and spa in the very private backyard, despite the home's in-town location. It is within walking distance to many town amenities, including the Fairfield Public Library less than a block away, Metro-North train station, shops, downtown restaurants — including some that are Zagat-rated, Roger Sherman Elementary School, the YMCA, the Fairfield Museum and History Center and Penfield Beach.
The white clapboard house with black shutters sits on a 0.62-acre level property behind a white picket fence with a gate to a path that leads to the front veranda. Another gate opens to the circular driveway, which provides ample off-street parking and leads to a second gate into the backyard, the pool, attractive gardens, and the detached, oversized three-car garage.
Open the French front doors with beveled glass panes into the sizable foyer, where there a large powder room has basket-weave marble flooring, and nickel console sink with a marble counter. To the right of the foyer is the formal dining room, where there is a fireplace. To the left is a parlor, which also has a fireplace and grass cloth wallcovering. In both rooms on the walls facing the street the windows are almost floor-to-ceiling.
The third fireplace, this one with a marble surround, is found in the family room, which also has two sets of French doors to the rear veranda. There is a built-in grill area on the veranda. In the cherry library there is a built-in desk area and bookshelves, and a coffered ceiling.
A cafe-style door leads from the dining room into the kitchen, which features porcelain countertops, a two-tiered center island with a breakfast bar for four stools, glass-front cabinetry with interior lighting and other custom cabinetry, and walk-in pantry, and large farm sink. High-end appliances include a Viking Professional six-burner gas range top in the island, Viking double wall ovens and warming drawer. Off the kitchen there is a breakfast room and a mudroom with the first of two laundry facilities. The second laundry room is on the second floor, as are four of the home's five bedrooms and an office.
In the spacious master suite there is a sitting area, two custom walk-in closets, custom built-in cabinetry, and a luxurious spa-like marble master bath featuring a large glass shower, two vanities and a soaking tub. From the bedroom step up into a separate office or nursery, which can also be accessed from the hall. On the third floor there is another bedroom and a large room with flexible use including as a recreation or game room. This floor also has a full bath.
In the full unfinished basement there is a lot of storage and one area would be ideal to transform into a wine cellar.
For information or to set up an appointment to see the house, contact Victoria Fingelly of William Pitt Sotheby's International Realty at 203-610-0647 or victoria.fingelly@william
pitt.com.
ABOUT THIS HOUSE
TYPE: Antique colonial
ADDRESS: 931 Old Post Road
FEATURES: water community, walking distance to Penfield Beach, in-town landmark house, located in a historic district, in-ground swimming pool and spa with waterfall, 0.62-acre level and gated property, exterior lighting, patio, fenced property, garden area, walk to downtown shops and train station, less than a block from the Fairfield Public Library, covered front and back porches, walk to Roger Sherman Elementary School, new designer kitchen, circular driveway, three fireplaces, wired for cable, detached oversized three-car garage and additional off-street parking, partially finished walk-up attic, natural gas heat, full unfinished basement, five bedrooms, five full and one half baths
SCHOOLS: Roger Sherman Elementary, Roger Ludlowe Middle, Fairfield Ludlowe High
ASSESSMENT: $1,085,000
TAX RATE: 26.36 mills
Townwide celebration plans
Shoppers weigh in on bag ban
Amazon truck hits Darien's railroad bridge, gets stuck underneath


There are many different options in granite kitchen countertops today, which are created by numerous manufacturers located all over the country. The massive amount of options that are available can make choosing the right granite countertop for your home difficult, but if you are aware of what options are available, you will make the experience of shopping for a countertop much less complicated and time consuming. There are several different criteria that will need to be taken into consideration when trying to find the right granite countertop for your home.
Granite countertops are available in many different colors and each color may have several different shades to choose from. Some of the most popular colors chosen by homeowners for their granite countertops include black, gray, brown, and tan, although more adventurous homeowners may want to consider pink, blue, red, or green shades as their countertop color. Each of these colors come in hues ranging from very dark to very light, so it is important to actually see the shade that will be installed in the home and compare it to the existing décor or the color scheme that you are thinking about implementing to make sure that the colors complement each other.
There are two different types of granite countertop materials to choose from for the creation of the granite countertop for your home. The first material is a natural granite slab, which can come in different thicknesses and colors depending on where the granite was obtained from. The beauty of the natural granite slabs is breathtaking, but the color and pattern of the slab are often unique making it very difficult to add additional pieces or find replacement pieces later that match the stone of the countertop perfectly.
Another option for homeowners is a countertop that is made out of granite tiles. The granite tiles are glued to a countertop foundation using a high strength epoxy and then sealed with a thick layer of clear sealant that brings out the beauty of the stone used to create the tiles. Using granite tiles for the countertop gives the countertop all of the desirable properties of a granite slab countertop but costs a fraction of the price of a countertop made out of granite slabs.
There are a number of different styles and edges that can be used to further customize a granite countertop for your home. The fanciful edging styles can be chosen to complement the home's décor or create a dramatic effect in a subtle way. The most common edging styles used for granite countertops include rounded edges, beveled edges, bullnose edges, and ogee edges. Many manufacturers of custom granite countertops will have a variety of different edging styles for the homeowner to choose from in order to create the right granite countertop style for their home.