Hethersett Gt Melton Road mill stood just to the south of Maltster's Lane. The mill had a roundhouse and used patent sails to drive two pairs of French burr stones and a flour mill.
Elizabeth & William Robertson admitted to copyhold 4 November 1790.
1 November 1809 death of William Robertson presented at Court.
Property to grandson of John Scarfe, William Robertson; by will dated 16 May 1818 he appointed John Robertson and Thomas Redgrave Executors and Trustees.
George Robertson was admitted to Copyhold.
Mr. Ives will submit to Auction aat the Norfolk Hotel, Norwich on Saturday May 29, at 4 o'c the following desirable Investment.
An Excellent MILL in full trade carryiong two pairs of French stones, patent sails, flour mill & three feet cylinders. Four pieces of rich & productive Arable & Pasture Land containing about 8 acres with barn, cart lodge etc.
The Property will be Sold upon the terms that the Purchaser shall satisfactorily secure an Annuity to be paid half yearly to the proprietor & his wife aged respectively 64 & 52 years during their joint lives & the life of the survivor.
The above Property is pleasantly situated next thew road in the parish of Hethersett about 5 milkes from Norwich, the Eastern Union Railway runs through the parish & possesses the advantages of two postal deliveries in the day.
Apply to Messrs. Miller & Son, Solrs. Surrey Street or the Auctioneer, Crown Bank Plain, Norwich.
William Robertson of Stratton_St Michael_postmill, was the eldest son of William Robertson and Elizabeth Scarffe of Hethersett.
Robert Robertson took over at Market Hill mill in Yarmouth before moving to Sprowston.
Susan Robertson married George Willis, a miller & baker from Mendelsham, Suffolk .
John Robertson's son George Wilby Robertson worked in one of the Upper Hellesdon and one of the Gayton windmills. Robert's Robertson's oldest daughter, Elizabeth, married a Harrison of Sprowston postmill.
Elizabeth's sons worked Oulton Broad, Gisleham, Wangford and Sprowston mills. Her oldest son Robert William helped at Sprowston_postmill after his father was crushed to death and he later bought a mill at Oulton Broad. Her next son, George, continued the family line at Sprowston and her youngest son, William Alfred, was an apprentice at a Wymondham mill and a journeyman at Great Bentley, Essex and he later owned St Margaret's Church Mill in Lowestoft.
James Denny Chapman of Great Yarmouth, Linen draper.
4 Enclosures, 7a. 2r. 1p. post windmill with roundhouse, stable and gig house and also messuage, barn and 2 cottages erected by George Robertson ... bounded on the north by Maltster's Lane ... Consideration - Payment of an annuity during the lives of George Robertson and Phoebe Robertson of £106 per annum in half yearly instalments.
With reversion to annuitant(s) upon default of payment.
Between Sunday and Monday last, Aeolus "made a night of it" and in the exuberance of his spirits thought himself at liberty to play the most fantastic tricks with the sober denizens of earth, tossing over wind-mills, walls, and chimneys -- snapping large and sturdy trees -- wrenching off bars, bolts and chains, and burglariously entering the homes of affrighted people. In the prosecution of these manoeuvres, he was so noisy that, in many instances, the good folks thus disturbed, unable to rest in their beds, treated themselves to an early breakfast at the unsonted hour of 2 a.m., and watched his freaks till he took his flight shortly before daybreak. ... A substantial post-mill at Hethersett, in the occupation of Mr. Guyton, was blown to the ground and smashed to atoms, and a mill at Ringland met a precisely similar fate.
The excellent HOUSEHOLD FURNITURE, &c., two superior Harness Cobs, 14 hands high (very fast), three light Luggage Carts, Harness and Saddlery, Miller's Tackle, and Utensils in Trade, Agricultural Implements, and other Effects of Mr. GUYTON, Miller, at Hethersett, near Norwich.
Descriptive Catalogues may be obtained on the Premises; and of the Auctioneers, Norwich.
H. C. A. GUYTON'S ASSIGNMENT.
HENRY CLARK ADCOCK GUYTON, of Hethersett, in Norfolk, Miller, having executed an Assignment of all his Estate and Effects to Trustees upon trust for the equal benefit of such of his Creditors as shall execute the same. Notice is hereby given that such Assignment is lying at my Office for the signature of such of the Creditors as elect to take the benefit thereof: and all Persons indebted to the Estate are requested forthwith to pay the amount of their debts to me.
Insolvent Debtor to be heard before the Judge of the County Court of Norfolk, holden at Norwich as follows, at the Shirehall, Norwich Castle, Norwich, on Tuesday, the third day of August, 1858, at Ten o'clock in the forenoon, precisely.
HENRY CLARKE ADCOCK GUYTON (sued and arrested as Henry Guyton), late of Hethersett, in the County of Norfolk, in no business or employment, previously of Hethersett aforesaid, Farmer and Miller, and Dealer in Flour and Radan.
Henry Clarke Adcock Guyton, late of Hethersett, Norfolk, farmer, a dividend of 1s. 8½d. in the pound, payable at 5, Portugal-street, Lincoln's-inn.
DEATH OF MR. GUYTON. -- By the somewhat sudden death of our worthy postmaster, Mr. Henry C. A. Guyton, aged 61, which took place in Park Cottage in this village on the 10th inst., Shipdham is bereft of one of its most respected parishioners. Mr. Guyton in his public duties discharged them in such an efficient manner he gained the regard of all he came into contact with. By all classes is loss is sadly mourned, and they deeply sympathise with the sorrowing family who lament his call hence from their busy midst. The funeral took place on Thursday last at Wacton, near Wymondham, and as the procession passed through the parish nearly all the principal shops were closed and blinds drawn.
FUNERAL SERMON. - On Sunday evening, the 19th inst., a funeral sermon was preached in the parish church, relative to the death of Mr. Guyton, by the Rev. W. G. Baxter, who said that Mr. Guyton had been beloved and respected by every body, and that all the village sorrowed with his bereaved relatives.
Phoebe Aldred readmitted to estate upon default of payment of annuity.
She died 25 June 1895 leaving property to her niece Sarah Ann Aldred Woods.
Your web page on the post-mill at Hethersett shows the last occupant as Henry Clarke Adcock Guyton in 1854 and 1856 with no entries thereafter. You may be interested to know what happened to the mill. It is a rather sad story. The mill was destroyed by a storm on the night of 7-8 March 1858 causing Henry Guyton to lose his business, be forced into bankruptcy and lose his home and possessions. Despite this enormous setback, he must have been a man of resilience and determination as he subsequently became a coal merchant and later the village postmaster of Shipdham. The story is summarised in the references enclosed.


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For years I have had to live with constant pain in my back, hips and legs due to a degenerative condition. There were days when I could barely walk. Times when my leg would give out, or be numb to the point that I would stumble because I didn't lift my foot high enough off the ground.
The last year or so I've had to grab shopping carts in order to make it through the store. The last time I went to St. Augustine the baby stroller came to my rescue. Finally I have some relief! My doctor started me on cortisone shots in my spine and I felt a big difference after the first one. Today I had number two.
I've even started getting some decent sleep again! I can only have three shots a year so I'm hoping I can skip next week and bank it for later. I know surgery is down the line but for now I'll take the shots and gladly.
What a difference, not to have some kind of pain every day. Whoohoo!!!
Have you tried the TENS units? It is a small device that you attach to adhesive electrodes and place on your body wherever you have pain (just not the head or neck). The unit then sends electronic "shocks" to you that sort-of short out the pain. I have degenerative discs in my back and a lot of pain in back, hip, and down leg too. This will sometimes help me when other things won't. It may help you to keep from having to have surgery so soon. If you are interested, talk to your doctor about it. I LOVE mine.
Wonderful news! I hope being pain free continues through the holidays for you.
Actually when I was going to the chiropracter he used the TENS units on me. If I went once or twice a month it helped some but I've always had some kind of pain every day.


The Canada's Role in Seafood Farming Innovation panelists (from left) David McInnes, DMci Strategies (moderator), Bjørn Apeland, Steinsvik Canada; Marvyn Budd, Planet Shrimp Inc.; and Ian Carr, Cargill Aqua Nutrition.
Continuing with the theme of advanced technologies, Marvyn Budd from Planet Shrimp introduced us to his innovative company using the state-of-the-art technologies to culture fresh Ontario-grown indoor shrimp. This closed containment system controls almost every aspect of the species' health, bringing the production of a local, antibiotic-free, environmentally-friendly shrimp product to Canadians.


text:
Anadolu Agency/Getty Images
Tarpley Hitt
Andrew Giuliani's Ratings Rise Among Sandwich Community
Andrew Giuliani, who is currently running in the Republican primary for New York Governor, has won the support of a crucial voting body: the sandwich purveyor Jimmy John's. According to Forbes, the founder of the exurb sprawl staple, Jimmy John Liautaud, and his wife donated $137,000 to the would-be Andrew Cuomo opponent last month. The sandwich power couple, who each contributed $68,329 to his campaign, are currently Giuliani's largest contributors.
Sandwiches don't account for everything though, as Giuliani received no votes in the closed-door straw poll New York GOP leaders held for Republican governor candidates in June. They may have been onto something there; Giuliani has no experience in an elected office — unless you count electing to sue his alma mater Duke University for kicking him off their golf team in 2008. Much like the straw-poll however, he lost that — twice. Perhaps Giuliani will be more gracious to his new golfing buddies than his old golf teammates, who alleged he "[broke] a club, "gunn[ed]" the engine of his car, [threw] an apple at the face of former teammate and [was] disrespectful to a trainer."
The Jimmy Johns news may have come as a sting to Cuomo — whose food credentials include dating Sandra Lee and once telling a reporter to "eat the whole sausage" on camera — as the eatery serves two classic hoagies called the Spicy East Coast Italian and the Italian Night Club. You might think Liautaud, who started his deli with a $25,000 starter loan from his dad, would be sympathetic to another guy who inherited his job. But Liautaud, who declined to comment to Forbes, supported Donald Trump in 2020 and gave over $200,000 to various committees dedicated to his reelection. And as nepotism hires go, the New York Governor's race has more options than Jimmy John's has bread — or actually the same number (French, sliced wheat, lettuce).

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Korg Digital Piano Malaysia
Korg LP-380 – Black Digital Piano
Korg Electric Piano SP-170DX Black
Korg SV-1BK 73-Key Stage Vintage Piano – Black
Korg Tinypiano – Digital Toy Piano Red
Korg SP280BK Digital Piano
Korg – SP 170S Digital Piano
Korg Digital Piano
Korg Inc, a multinational corporation in Japan, is known for manufacturing electronic musical instruments, audio processors and guitar pedals, recording equipment, and tuners. The company was founded in 1962 in Japan by Tsutomu Katoh and Tadashi Osanai. It was originally known as Keio Gijutsu Kenkyujo Ltd. and later Keio Electronic Laboratories.
The company released its first product, an electro-mechanical rhythm device, in 1963. The Organ products it produced were successful throughout 1960s and early 1970s. But concerned about the competition in the market, Katoh planned to build a keyboard using the organ technology for the then niche synthesizer market. The first synthesizer was released in 1973 with the name miniKORG.
Korg's synthesizer line like large expensive patchable instruments, PS series, catered to the hobbyists. Early 1980s saw the company branch out into the digital piano category. Korg established itself as the first company to introduce effects on synthesizers and was also the first to use a "sample+ synthesis" sound design. The M1 workstation released in 1988 and became the bestselling synthesizer by selling over 250,000 units.
After that Korg diversified into digital effects, tuners, recording equipment, and electronic percussion and software instruments. Korg acquired Vox, a primary manufacturer of guitar amplifiers in 1992. The company distributed Marshall Amplification product exclusively to U.S.A for more than a decade which finally ended in 2010.


Posted September 8, 2015 & filed under Press Releases.
Halifax, NS – More than 100 people representing over 65 companies attended Seaspan Shipyards' Atlantic Canada Industry Day hosted in Halifax today. During the session, attendees received an update on Seaspan's progress on its National Shipbuilding Procurement Strategy (NSPS) Non-Combat package of vessels, and specifically, its work on the Joint Support Ship (JSS) project and associated supply chain opportunities.
Of the more than 100 attendees, 23 were from Nova Scotia, three were from New Brunswick and three were from Newfoundland and Labrador.
In October 2011, the Government of Canada awarded Seaspan's Vancouver Shipyards the right to build Canada's Non-Combat vessels for the Canadian Coast Guard and Royal Canadian Navy.
The Non-Combat vessels Seaspan is building under the NSPS include three Offshore Fisheries Science Vessels (OFSVs), one Offshore Oceanographic Science Vessel (OOSV), two Joint Support Ships (JSS), one Polar Icebreaker, up to five Medium Endurance Multi-tasked Vessels (MEMTVs) and up to five Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPVs).


text:
Retired fire chief talks about his career
Posted by Joe Pinchot | Jan 6, 2018 | Rescue-Fire | 0 |
When Keith Barrett started as a volunteer for the Brookfield Township Fire Department, he rode his bicycle to the station.
Now 63, Barrett is stepping away from the only career he has ever known — firefighting. He resigned as fire chief as of Dec. 31 for health reasons.
Barrett has dedicated his life to the department, said Fire Capt. Matt Gordon.
"We're the best fire department and emergency medical service in the county for a reason, and that reason is largely due to Keith Barrett," Gordon said.
As a kid, Barrett would hear the sirens and "always wanted to know where they were going," he said.
He started as a volunteer in 1970 and was hired full time in 1975, becoming chief in 1982.
The most rewarding part of the job is "Getting to know the people," Barrett said.
"I'll bet I've met most everybody in the township in one way or another over 40 years," he said.
A frequent visitor to the school for fire prevention activities, Barrett said children latch onto a fire chief.
"They know you forever," he said.
Barrett's visibility is shown in the positive comments and good wishes extended to him on NEWS On the Green's Facebook page.
"Keith is a great person to work for," Gordon said. "Interpersonally, he's very well-known, well-liked in the community,"
Barrett said he never considered another career or moving to a different fire department.
"I was always happy here," the Masury native said. "I've enjoyed being the fire chief, and I hope I made an impression with the service we've provided. I hope to see everybody when I'm out and about."
Barrett leaves a job where the administrative demands have increased several fold over the years — from the amount of information required for a fire report and the training demanded of firefighters and medical personnel, to keeping up with changing regulations.
"It's all for the better," Barrett said. "People are more educated. The more educated, the better."
The department grew when it added emergency medical response, hiring paramedics as well as firefighters. That means there are now five people serving on a shift instead of two, and the department employs seven full-time and 25 part-time, with about 12 volunteers augmenting the roster.
"If we weren't running EMS, it's hard to justify that many people," Barrett said. "We actually made money with the EMS."
The department receives about 1,750 medical calls a year.
"The EMS is what keeps us busy," Barrett said. "Fire calls, we don't get a lot of fire calls."
Looking down the road, Barrett predicted that fire departments will consolidate and fire districts will be formed with one fire department serving multiple communities. Brookfield has inched that way by serving Hartford under a contract.
"You can only tax the taxpayer so much," Barrett said, noting that fire districts have worked well in Virginia and Florida. "We're just not going to survive on our own."
The township trustees named Capt. David Coffy as interim chief while they search for a new chief.
"I think they'll arrive at a good decision," Barrett said of the hiring of his replacement.
In retirement, aside from battling to regain his health, Barrett said he would like to travel.
"I've been to all 50 states, most of Mexico, most of Canada," he said. "I guess I'd like to go overseas, to Italy and London and Germany. I enjoy traveling."
PreviousFire Chief Barrett retiring
NextSchool board asks to be free of state oversight
South Park Circle fire
Police chief beefs up fire department's equipment
Inspector finds deficiencies in FD
Safety Awareness Night set for Oct. 30


text:
\section{#1}\setcounter{equation}{0}}
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\begin{document}
\begin{titlepage}
\vspace*{-0.5truecm}

\begin{flushright}
TUM-HEP-648/06\\
MPP-2006-124
\end{flushright}

\vfill

\begin{center}
\boldmath

{\Large\textbf{Lower Bounds on $\Delta M_{s,d}$ from \vspace{0.2cm}\\Constrained
    Minimal Flavour Violation}}

\unboldmath
\end{center}

\vspace{0.4truecm}

\begin{center}
{\large\bf Monika Blanke$^{a,b}$ and Andrzej J.~Buras$^a$}
\vspace{0.4truecm}

 {\sl $^a$Physik Department, Technische Universit\"at M\"unchen,
D-85748 Garching, Germany}
\vspace{0.2cm}

 {\sl $^b$Max-Planck-Institut f{\"u}r Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), \\
D-80805 M{\"u}nchen, Germany}

\end{center}

\vspace{1cm}
\begin{abstract}
\vspace{0.2cm}
\noindent
We demonstrate that in the class of models with Constrained Minimal
Flavour Violation (CMFV), in which the CKM matrix is the only source
of CP violation and $B^0_q-\bar B^0_q$ mixings $(q=d,s)$ are described
by a single operator $(\bar b q)_{V-A} (\bar b q)_{V-A}$, the lower
bounds on the mass differences $\Delta M_{s,d}$ are simply given by
their Standard Model values $(\Delta M_{s,d})_\text{SM}$ with two possible exceptions that we identify. Our proof involves all possible charged gauge boson, Goldstone boson and physical charged and neutral scalar exchanges and
assumes that the masses of new charge $+2/3$ singlet heavy fermions
$T_i$ that mix with the top quark have all to be larger than $m_t$,
which is chosen by nature. Similarly, the additional charged gauge bosons have to satisfy $M_i>M_W$, while no such bound needs to be set on the charged and neutral scalar masses. The two possible exceptions arise in the presence of $U(1)$ neutral gauge bosons and Majorana fermions in box diagrams with flavour violating couplings. {However in the case of the MSSM {with CMFV and} low $\tan\beta$ our bound is satisfied in spite of gluino and neutralino contributions.}
\end{abstract}
\vfill\vfill\vfill
\end{titlepage}

\setcounter{page}{1}
\pagenumbering{arabic}

\newsection{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

The $B^0_{d,s} - \bar B^0_{d,s}$ mixing mass differences $\Delta
M_{d,s}$ played, in the last 20 years, a prominent role in the
determination of the CKM matrix \cite{CKM}. Simultaneously, being
generated first at the one-loop level in weak interactions, $\Delta
M_{d,s}$ played an important role in the tests of the short distance
structure of the Standard Model (SM) and of its extensions, like the
MSSM, models with Extra Dimensions, multi-Higgs models and Little
Higgs models with and without T-parity.

With the advent of tree level methods for the determination of the CKM
matrix \cite{CPreview}, that, in contrast to $\Delta M_{d,s}$, are to a
very good approximation independent of new physics contributions, the
role of $\Delta M_{d,s}$ will be shifted primarily to the tests of the
SM and its extensions.

One of the simplest classes {of extensions of the SM} are models
with Constrained Minimal Flavour Violation (CMFV) \cite{CMFV} in which\footnote{A more general formulation of Minimal Flavour Violation can be found in \cite{mfv2}. Our present discussion applies only to CMFV as formulated in \cite{CMFV} and here.}
{
\begin{enumerate}
\item
the SM Yukawa couplings and the resulting CKM matrix are the only source of flavour {and CP} violation,
\item only operators are relevant that are relevant already in the SM.
\end{enumerate}
Consequently,}
$\Delta M_{d,s}$ are governed by the CKM factors
\begin{equation}
\lambda_t^{(d)}=V_{tb}^* V_{td}^{} \,,\qquad
\lambda_t^{(s)}=V_{tb}^* V_{ts}^{}\,,
\end{equation}
and the single local operator in the effective theory is $(q=d,s)$
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Qq}
\mathcal{Q}_q=(\bar b \gamma_\mu(1-\gamma_5)q)\otimes(\bar b
\gamma^\mu(1-\gamma_5)q)\,.
\end{equation}
Therefore, in this class of models one simply has
\cite{LesHouches}
\begin{equation}\label{eq1.3}
\Delta M_q = \frac{G_F^2}{6\pi^2}\eta_B m_{B_q}\hat B_{B_q} F_{B_q}^2
M_W^2 |S(y)| |\lambda_t^{(q)}|^2\,,
\end{equation}
where $\hat B_{B_q} F_{B_q}^2$ result from the non-perturbative
evaluation of the relevant hadronic matrix elements of $\mathcal{Q}_q$, and
$\eta_B$ is the QCD correction that in the SM is found at the NLO
level to be $\eta_B=0.55$ \cite{etaB}.

The most important quantity in the present paper is the short distance
function
\begin{equation}
S(y)=S_0(x_t)+\Delta S(y)\,,
\end{equation}
resulting from box diagrams. Here $S_0(x_t)$ with $x_t=m_t^2/M_W^2$, introduced in \cite{S0}, is
one of the so-called Inami-Lim functions \cite{InamiLim} in the SM, and
$\Delta S(y)$ summarizes all new physics contributions in a given CMFV
model with $y$ denoting collectively the parameters of this model. It
should be emphasized that all CP-violating phases are collected in
this class of models in $\lambda_t^{(q)}$ so that $S(y)$ is a real
function. The explicit expression for $S_0(x_t)$ can be found in
\cite{LesHouches}. For the $\overline{\text{MS}}$ top quark mass
$\overline{m}_t=(161.7\pm2.0)\, {\rm GeV}$ one has $S_0(x_t)=2.28\pm0.04$.

As already emphasized in \cite{BBGT}, in all known CMFV models,
$\Delta S(y)$ turns out to be positive so that $\Delta M_q > (\Delta
M_q)_\text{SM}$ appears to be a property of this class of models. This
is the case for Two-Higgs-Doublet Models type II \cite {2HDM},
the MSSM with {CMFV} and low $\tan\beta$ \cite{MSSMlow,MSSMlow2}, the Littlest Higgs
model (LH) without T-parity \cite{BPU,Inder}, the CMFV limit of the LH
model with T-parity \cite{BBPTUW} and Universal Extra Dimensions \cite{UED}.  {Concerning the MSSM with {CMFV} and low $\tan\beta$ analyzed in \cite{MSSMlow,MSSMlow2}, we would like to warn the reader{, following \cite{ABG},} that these papers did not include gluino {and neutralino} contributions, and consequently the issue of negative contributions due to these particles being exchanged has not been addressed there. We will return to this issue in Section \ref{sec:neutral}.}

On the other hand, in the MSSM with MFV and large $\tan\beta$, where new operators contribute to $\Delta M_{s,d}$, $\Delta M_s < (\Delta M_s)_\text{SM}$ in the full space of the parameters of the model \cite{BCRS}. In more complicated models, like the MSSM with new flavour violating interactions \cite{ref14}, or the LH model with T-parity \cite{BBPTUW}, $\Delta M_s$ can be smaller or larger than $(\Delta M_s)_\text{SM}$.

On the experimental side both mass differences are known with high
precision \cite{hfag,CDFD0}
\begin{equation}
\Delta M_d = (0.508\pm 0.004)/\text{ps}\,,\qquad
\Delta M_s = (17.77\pm0.10\pm 0.07)/{\rm ps}
\end{equation}
with the latter measurement being one of the highlights of 2006. The SM is compatible with both values, even if the predictions for $(\Delta M_s)_\text{SM}$ prior to the measurements displayed the central values in the ballpark of $21/$ps \cite{CKMfitUTfit}. Unfortunately, due to sizable non-perturbative uncertainties in $\hat B_{B_q} F_{B_q}^2$ \cite{BF06}, it will still take some time before we will know through the direct calculation of \eqref{eq1.3} whether $\Delta M_s > (\Delta M_s)_\text{SM}$ or $\Delta M_s < (\Delta M_s)_\text{SM}$ or even $\Delta M_s \simeq (\Delta M_s)_\text{SM}$ with high precision. Some proposals for clarifying this issue with the help of the CP-violating asymmetry $S_{\psi\phi}$ and the semi-leptonic CP asymmetry $A^{s}_\text{SL}$ have been put forward in \cite{BBGT}, but they are very challenging as well.

Now, as stated above, in all CMFV models studied in the literature, $\Delta M_{d,s} > (\Delta M_{d,s})_\text{SM}$ provided the CKM parameters have been determined by means of tree level decays, i.\,e. independently of new physics. The question then arises whether one could prove this to be a general property of the CMFV class by assuming
\begin{enumerate}
\item
three generations of the standard quarks (intrinsic property of CMFV anyway),
\item
GIM mechanism \cite{GIM}, even in the presence of new heavy singlet
$T_i$ quarks with electric charge $+2/3$ that mix only with the standard top quark.
\end{enumerate}

The main goal of the present paper is to demonstrate diagrammatically that indeed $(\Delta M_{d,s})_\text{SM}$ is the lower bound for $\Delta M_{d,s}$ in the class of models with CMFV as defined in \cite{CMFV} that satisfy the two properties listed above, provided only charged gauge bosons, charged and neutral scalars and charged fermions are present in the box diagrams, and mild conditions on the spectrum of the gauge bosons and fermions are satisfied. The bound is also valid for tree-level neutral gauge boson exchanges, while tree-level scalar exchanges give different operators and are outside the CMFV framework. On the other hand we find that the presence of $U(1)$ neutral gauge bosons and Majorana fermions\footnote{We thank Diego Guadagnoli and Gino Isidori for bringing this case to our attention.}
in the box diagrams with flavour violating couplings could in principle violate our bound. The neutral gauge boson contributions are strictly negative, but we are not aware of any model with neutral gauge boson contributions in box diagrams that could be put into the CMFV class. {On the other hand, in the MSSM at low $\tan\beta$ with universal soft breaking terms introduced at a scale much higher than $M_W$, the presence of gluinos in box diagrams could in principle violate our bound.} {However a recent detailed analysis of the MFV limit of the MSSM at low $\tan\beta$ shows that this does not happen \cite{ABG}. {Moreover, as pointed out in that paper, the MSSM with MFV and low $\tan\beta$ does  not belong to the CMFV class, if the higgsino coupling is large compared to the other SUSY scales.}    We will elaborate on this in Section \ref{sec:neutral}.}

Our paper is organized as follows. In Section \ref{sec:bosons} we will consider contributions from charged gauge bosons, Goldstone bosons and physical charged scalars. { In Section \ref{sec:GF} we discuss how the measured Fermi constant can be modified by new physics contributions and study the implications on the predicted values for $\Delta M_{d,s}$.} In Section \ref{sec:Ti} we study the contributions of an arbitrary number of heavy singlet $T_i$ quarks that mix with the top quark. {In Section \ref{sec:general} we show that the above cases cover indeed all charged particle contributions possible within the CMFV framework.} In Section \ref{sec:neutral} we address the issue of neutral particle exchanges (gauge bosons, fermions and scalars) advertised above.
We briefly summarize our work in Section \ref{sec:summary}.

\newsection{Contributions from charged Gauge Bosons and Scalars}
\label{sec:bosons}

For our purposes it will be sufficient to consider the three box diagrams shown in Fig.~1 and calculate them in the 't Hooft-Feynman gauge.
The first diagram, $D_1$, describes the contribution of two gauge bosons with masses $M_1$ and $M_2$ and ordinary up-type quarks. The second diagram, $D_2$, corresponds to two scalar exchanges that can be physical scalars and Goldstone bosons. Finally, the third diagram, $D_3$, gives mixed gauge and scalar contributions.

\begin{figure}
\center{\epsfig{file=box.ps}}
\caption{\it Classes of diagrams contributing to $\Delta B=2$ processes in
  CMFV models.}
\end{figure}

In giving the formulae below we will simply multiply the result of
each diagram by a factor of $i$ to obtain its contribution to the
effective Hamiltonian for $\Delta B=2$ transitions, which takes the general form
\begin{equation}\label{eq:Heff}
{\cal H}_{\rm eff}(\Delta B=2)=c \left( \lambda_t^{(q)}\right)^2 S(y) \mathcal{Q}_q\,,
\end{equation}
with $c$ being a positive constant that includes for instance $G_F$ and QCD corrections. We recall that
\begin{equation}
\Delta M_q = \frac{\left|\langle\bar B^0_q |{\cal H}_{\rm eff}(\Delta B=2) | B^0_q\rangle\right|}{m_{B_q}}\,.
\end{equation}

In what follows we will not
include combinatorial factors like a factor of 2 for two different
bosons being exchanged, nor QCD corrections, as they do not have any impact on our basic result.
Indeed, as we will demonstrate below, each of the diagrams in Fig.~1 gives a positive contribution to ${\cal H}_{\rm eff}$ in \eqref{eq:Heff} times the relevant CKM factor. Taking next into account the contributions from ordinary $u,c,t$ quarks, with $m_u,m_c \ll m_t$, relevant for the $\lambda_t^{(q)}$ term in \eqref{eq1.3}, and using the unitarity of the CKM matrix, we show that the known GIM structure in the case of $\Delta B=2$ processes
\begin{equation}\label{eq2.1}
S(y) \propto F(t,t) + F(u,u) - 2 F(u,t)\,,
\end{equation}
resulting from each diagram in Fig.~1 independently, remains positive,
which completes the proof. Note that by extending the theory with
additional gauge bosons and scalars, the SM part remains unchanged and
the new physics leads simply to additional positive contributions.  Here $F(i,j)$ denotes the short distance
function up to a common overall factor that corresponds to a box
diagram with $i$ and $j$ quark exchanges.

Calculating then the diagrams $D_1$, $D_2$ and $D_3$ of Fig.~1 in the
't Hooft-Feynman gauge, and multiplying them by $i$, we find $(i,j=u,c,t)$
{\begin{eqnarray}
i D_1 &=& i \frac{g_1^2
  g_2^2}{16}\lambda_i^{(q)}\lambda_j^{(q)}I_1(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)
\mathcal{Q}_q\,,\label{eq2.2}\\
i D_2 &=& i \frac{k_{i1}k_{i2}k_{j1}k_{j2}}{4}\frac{g_1^2
  g_2^2}{16}\lambda_i^{(q)}\lambda_j^{(q)}I_1(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)
\mathcal{Q}_q\,,\\
i D_3 &=& -i k_{i2}k_{j2}m_i m_j \frac{g_1^2
  g_2^2}{16}\lambda_i^{(q)}\lambda_j^{(q)}I_2(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)
\mathcal{Q}_q\,.\label{eq2.4}
\end{eqnarray}
Here, $g_i$ are the gauge couplings, with $g_1=g_2=g$ in the SM, that in some extensions of the SM
should be replaced in $D_2$ and $D_3$ by other model dependent
couplings, {which however, due to the CMFV hypothesis, always have to be
flavour universal}. The factors $k_{ia}$ $(i=u,c,t;\;a=1,2)$ denote the scalar-fermion couplings. In the SM, they are simply given by  $k_{ia}\propto m_i$. In a general CMFV model they can be written as
\begin{equation}\label{eq:kia}
k_{ia} = \alpha_a + \beta_a m_i + {{\cal O}(m_i^2)}\,,
\end{equation}
where $\alpha_a,\beta_a\in\mathbb{R}$ are flavour universal constants that may depend on the scalar $a$.
}

Finally, the two integrals $I_1$ and $I_2$ are given as follows
\begin{eqnarray}
I_1(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)&=&\int\frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\,\frac{k^2}{(k^2-m_i^2)(k^2-m_j^2)(k^2-M_1^2)(k^2-M_2^2)}\,,\\
I_2(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)&=&\int\frac{d^4k}{(2\pi)^4}\,\frac{1}{(k^2-m_i^2)(k^2-m_j^2)(k^2-M_1^2)(k^2-M_2^2)}\,.
\end{eqnarray}

Using the standard techniques, i.\,e. Wick rotation and integration
over the angular directions, they can be
rewritten as follows
\begin{eqnarray}\label{eq2.8}
i I_1(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)&=&\frac{1}{16\pi^2}\int_0^\infty
dr\,\frac{r^2}{(r+m_i^2)(r+m_j^2)(r+M_1^2)(r+M_2^2)}\,,\\
-i  I_2(m_i,m_j;M_1,M_2)&=&\frac{1}{16\pi^2}\int_0^\infty
dr\,\frac{r}{(r+m_i^2)(r+m_j^2)(r+M_1^2)(r+M_2^2)}\,,\label{eq2.9}
\end{eqnarray}
implying that all three expressions in \eqref{eq2.2}-\eqref{eq2.4}
are, up to CKM factors $\lambda_{i,j}^{(q)}$, real and positive
quantities.

This result remains true for the linear combination in \eqref{eq2.1}
that enters the function $S(y)$ after the CKM unitarity relation
\begin{equation}\label{eq2.10}
\lambda_u^{(q)}+\lambda_c^{(q)}+\lambda_t^{(q)}=0
\end{equation}
has been used.

In order to see this in the case of pure gauge boson contributions, it
is sufficient to look at the two quark propagators in
\eqref{eq2.8}. Then the linear combination in \eqref{eq2.1} reads
\begin{equation}\label{eq2.11}
\frac{1}{(r+m_t^2)^2}+\frac{1}{r^2}-\frac{2}{r(r+m_t^2)}=\left(\frac{1}{r}-\frac{1}{r+m_t^2}\right)^2
>0\,.
\end{equation}
{
In the case of $D_2$, we find
\begin{equation}\label{GIM2}
\frac{(k_{t1}k_{t2})^2}{(r+m_t^2)^2}+\frac{(k_{u1}k_{u2})^2}{r^2}-\frac{2k_{u1}k_{u2}k_{t1}k_{t2}}{r(r+m_t^2)}=\left(\frac{k_{u1}k_{u2}}{r}-\frac{k_{t1}k_{t2}}{r+m_t^2}\right)^2>0\,.
\end{equation}
In the case of $D_3$ the functions $F(u,u)$ and $F(u,t)$
vanish due to $m_u=0$, and as
$F(t,t)>0$, we again obtain positive contributions.}

We have thus shown that, after the GIM mechanism has been used, all three
classes of contributions, represented by the three diagrams in Fig.~1,
give separately positive contributions to the function $S(y)$. This
means that all new physics contributions of this class have the same
sign as the SM contribution, which implies $\Delta S(y)>0$. We have verified that the same result follows in the unitary gauge, where only physical scalars enter the diagrams in Fig.~1.

{ The above calculation applies not only to the three ordinary quark generations, but also to their heavy partners, that do not mix with the standard ones. This happens e.\,g. in models with Universal Extra Dimensions \cite{UED}, where the heavy partners of the SM particles are the Kaluza-Klein modes of the latter. In this context it is important to note that the Yukawa couplings of the heavy partner fields have to be proportional to the masses of the corresponding SM quarks, in order not to violate CMFV. {Note that the masses $m_im_j$ multiplying $D_3$ now have to be replaced} by the heavy partner masses. A straightforward calculation following the lines of \eqref{eq2.11} and \eqref{GIM2} shows that also in this case the contribution from $D_3$ is positive.

We would like to remark that this proof also applies to {chargino contributions in} supersymmetric models with {CMFV} and low $\tan\beta$, in which the supersymmetric partners of the SM fields contribute only through diagrams of the type $D_2$. {Note that in this case the GIM mechanism runs over the squarks, i.\,e. the scalars present in the box diagram $D_2$.} {Moreover, the index $a$ in $k_{ia}$ of \eqref{eq:kia} now corresponds to the charginos.} The property of $\Delta S(y) >0$ in the MSSM with {CMFV and low $\tan\beta$ has been pointed out in \cite{MSSMlow} and confirmed in \cite{MSSMlow2}, {but as already stated above these papers considered only Dirac fermion contributions, as we did in this section. The case of Majorana fermions is discussed in Section \ref{sec:neutral}.}

\newsection{Modification of $\bm{G_F}$}\label{sec:GF}

Until now we have assumed that  the SM gauge coupling $g$ is known from experiment. This is however not exactly true. What is measured is the $W^\pm$ boson mass $M_W$ and the Fermi constant $G_F$, obtained from the decay $\mu^-\to e^-\nu_\mu\bar\nu_e$ and given in the SM by
\begin{equation}
G_F=\frac{g^2}{4\sqrt{2}M_W^2}\,.
\end{equation}
However, new charged gauge bosons and charged scalars also contribute to this decay, so that the expression for the measured $G_F^\text{eff}$ in terms of $g^2$ gets modified as follows (see \cite{BPU} for a discussion of this issue in the LH model)
\begin{equation}\label{eqGFeff}
G_F^\text{eff}=\frac{g^2}{4\sqrt{2}M_W^2}+\sum_i\frac{g_i^2}{4\sqrt{2}M_i^2}-\sum_j\frac{{g^\Phi_j}^2}{4\sqrt{2}{M^\Phi_j}^2}\,,
\end{equation}
{implying a modified value of the determined $g^2$.}

Here we have assumed the presence of additional gauge bosons $W^\pm_i$ with masses $M_i$ and gauge couplings $g_i$ and additional physical scalars $\Phi^\pm_j$ with couplings $g^\Phi_j$ and masses $M^\Phi_j$.
We find that additional gauge bosons lead to positive contributions to $G_F^\text{eff}$, while physical scalars tend to lower its value. This is due to the relative minus sign of the scalar propagator with respect to the gauge boson propagator.
{Consequently the presence of scalar contributions to $G_F^\text{eff}$ always implies an increased value of $g^2$ and thus a further enhancement of $\Delta M_{d,s}$.}

So, in the following we will concentrate only on additional gauge bosons present in the theory. In this case, solving \eqref{eqGFeff} for $g^2$, we find
\begin{equation}
g^2=4\sqrt{2}M_W^2 G_F^\text{eff}-\sum_i\frac{M_W^2}{M_i^2}g_i^2\,.
\end{equation}

Inserting this into the contributions of $W^\pm$ and $W^\pm_i$ to the integrand in \eqref{eq2.8}, \eqref{eq2.9} leads to
\begin{eqnarray}
\left(\frac{g^2}{r+M_W^2}+\sum_i \frac{g_i^2}{r+M_i^2}\right)^2
&=&\left(\frac{4\sqrt{2}G_F^\text{eff}M_W^2}{r+M_W^2}-\sum_i\frac{M_W^2}{M_i^2}\frac{g_i^2}{r+M_W^2}+\sum_i\frac{g_i^2}{r+M_i^2}\right)^2\nonumber\\
&=&\left(\frac{4\sqrt{2}G_F^\text{eff}M_W^2}{r+M_W^2}+\sum_i\frac{g_i^2}{M_i^2}\frac{r(M_i^2-M_W^2)}{(r+M_W^2)(r+M_i^2)}\right)^2.
\end{eqnarray}
The first term is exactly the SM expression, and the second term is clearly positive provided $M_i>M_W$.

\newsection{New heavy Quarks $\bm{T_i}$}\label{sec:Ti}

We will now assume the existence of an arbitrary number of heavy
singlet quarks $T_i$ with electric charge $+2/3$ that can mix with the
top quark. For simplicity we will suppress the mixing between the
$T_i$'s, but from the arguments given below it will be evident that our
proof is valid also for this more complicated case.

It is well known \cite{Branco} that the mixing of new singlet heavy quarks with the standard quarks implies the presence of FCNC transitions at tree level. Consequently this case, strictly speaking, does not belong to the CMFV framework. However, as far as $K$ and $B$ physics is concerned, the mixing of singlet $T_i$ quarks with the top quark does not imply FCNC contributions at tree level, and thus models of this type belong to the CMFV class if only processes with external down-type quarks are considered.

The gauge-fermion vertices take now the general form $(q=d,s,b)$
\begin{eqnarray}
\bar t q W^\mu\quad &:&\quad i\frac{g}{2\sqrt{2}}\gamma^\mu(1-\gamma_5)V_{tq}c_t\\
\bar T_i q W^\mu \quad&:&\quad
i\frac{g}{2\sqrt{2}}\gamma^\mu(1-\gamma_5)V_{tq}s_i
\end{eqnarray}
with $0<c_t<1$ signalling the violation of the $3\times3$ CKM
unitarity. For instance in the LH model we have at ${\cal O}(v^2/f^2)$
\cite{BPU}
\begin{equation}
c_t=1-\frac{x_L^2}{2}\frac{v^2}{f^2}\,,\qquad s_T=x_L\frac{v}{f}\,,
\end{equation}
where $v=246\, {\rm GeV}$ is the SM Higgs VEV, $f\sim 1\, {\rm TeV}$ the new physics scale and $0<x_L<1$ a parameter of the LH model.
Generalizing the discussion in \cite{BPU} to an arbitrary number of
$T_i$ fields, the unitarity relation involving also $T_i$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\lambda_u^{(q)}+\lambda_c^{(q)}+c_t^2\lambda_t^{(q)}+\sum_i
s_i^2\lambda_t^{(q)}=0
\end{equation}
with the ``bare'' $\lambda_i^{(q)}$ still satisfying
\eqref{eq2.10}. Therefore we also have
\begin{equation}\label{eq3.5}
c_t^2+\sum_i s_i^2=1\,.
\end{equation}
We will now generalize \eqref{eq2.1} to include the mixing with the
heavy quarks $T_i$.

Including $u$, $c$, $t$, $T_i$ quark contributions to the box diagrams we
find the following linear combination (we suppress the index $q$ of $\lambda_i^{(q)}$) for
each diagram in Fig.~1 that now includes also $T_i$ exchanges:
\begin{eqnarray}
\lambda_t^2S(y)&\propto&c_t^4\lambda_t^2 F(t,t)+\lambda_c^2 F(c,c)+\lambda_u^2
F(u,u)+\sum_i s_i^4 \lambda_t^2 F(T_i,T_i)\nonumber\\
&&+\,
2c_t^2\lambda_c\lambda_t F(c,t)+ 2c_t^2\lambda_u\lambda_t F(u,t)+ 2\lambda_u\lambda_c F(u,c)+ \sum_{i\ne j} s_i^2s_j^2 \lambda_t^2 F({T_i,T_j})\qquad\nonumber\\
&&+\,2\sum_i s_i^2
c_t^2 \lambda_t^2 F(T_i,t)+2 \sum_i s_i^2\lambda_u\lambda_t F(T_i,u)+2 \sum_i s_i^2\lambda_c\lambda_t F(T_i,c)\,.
\end{eqnarray}
Using $m_u, m_c\ll m_t$ and $\lambda_u+\lambda_c=-\lambda_t$
gives then
\begin{eqnarray}
S(y)&\propto& c_t^4 F(t,t)+F(u,u)-2c_t^2
  F(u,t)+\sum_i s_i^4 F(T_i,T_i)\nonumber\\
&&+\,\sum_{i\ne j}s_i^2s_j^2 F(T_i,T_j)+2\sum_is_i^2c_t^2
  F(T_i,t)-2\sum_i s_i^2F(T_i,u)\,.\label{eq3.7}
\end{eqnarray}
This linear combination is the generalization of
the GIM structure \eqref{eq2.1} to include the mixing of $t$ with an
arbitrary number of heavy quarks $T_i$. In the case of a single $T$
quark, \eqref{eq3.7} reduces to the linear combination (4.14) in
\cite{BPU}.

Clearly the basic structure of diagrams contributing here is the same
as in Section \ref{sec:bosons}. Consequently it is sufficient to look only at fermion
propagators as in \eqref{eq2.11}. With \eqref{eq3.7} we find now
instead of \eqref{eq2.11}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{c_t^4}{(r+m_t^2)^2}&+&\frac{1}{r^2}-\frac{2c_t^2}{r(r+m_t^2)}+\sum_i\frac{s_i^4}{(r+m_{T_i}^2)^2}+\sum_{i\ne
  j}\frac{s_i^2 s_j^2}{(r+m_{T_i}^2)(r+m_{T_j}^2)}\nonumber\\
&&+\,\sum_i \frac{2s_i^2c_t^2}{(r+m_{T_i}^2)(r+m_t^2)}-\sum_i
\frac{2s_i^2}{r(r+m_{T_i}^2)}\nonumber\\
&=& \left( \frac{1}{r} - \frac{c_t^2}{r+m_t^2} -
  \sum_i\frac{s_i^2}{r+m_{T_i}^2}\right)^2\nonumber\\
&=& \left( \frac{1}{r} - \frac{1}{r+m_t^2} +
  \sum_i s_i^2 \left[\frac{1}{r+m_t^2}-\frac{1}{r+m_{T_i}^2}\right]\right)^2\,,\label{eq3.8}
\end{eqnarray}
where in the last step we have used the relation \eqref{eq3.5}. The
first two terms represent the SM contribution. The new physics
contribution represented by the remaining terms in \eqref{eq3.8} is
clearly positive provided $m_{T_i}>m_t$.

In the case of scalar exchanges, represented by $D_2$ and $D_3$, the $u$-quark contributions vanish
due to $m_u\simeq 0$ and we find from \eqref{eq3.7}
\begin{equation}
\left(\frac{c_t^2 m_t^2}{r+m_t^2}+\sum_i \frac{s_i^2m_{T_i}^2}{r+m_{T_i}^2} \right)^2=\left(\frac{m_t^2}{r+m_t^2}+\sum_i s_i^2\frac{r(m_{T_i}^2-m_t^2)}{(r+m_{T_i}^2)(r+m_t^2)} \right)^2
\end{equation}
with the first term representing the SM contribution. Thus again
provided $m_{T_i}>m_t$ the new physics contribution is positive. {We would like to remark that here it is sufficient to consider the SM case $k_{ia}\propto m_i$, as the presence of additional scalars with more general couplings $\alpha_a+\beta_am_i$ simply results in an additional positive contribution, which can straightforwardly be shown following the lines of Section \ref{sec:bosons}.}

In summary, we have shown that $\Delta S(y)>0$ also in the presence of
a mixing of $t$ with an arbitrary number of $T_i$ fermions, provided
$m_{T_i}>m_t$, as certainly chosen by nature.

\newsection{Are there any additional Contributions in CMFV?}\label{sec:general}

Although we have so far considered contributions from new charged gauge bosons and charged scalars and from additional singlet $T_i$ quarks separately, it is obvious that our proof also holds if both types of new particles are present simultaneously.

Let us now have a look whether we have missed any type of new physics, involving contributions from charged particles, consistent with the CMFV hypothesis as defined in \cite{CMFV} and satisfying the two properties listed in the introduction. In the next section we will investigate what happens if also neutral particles are considered.
\begin{itemize}
\item First, one could think of introducing additional sequential heavy quark doublets into the theory. This would, however, induce $N\times N$ flavour mixing with $N>3$ and consequently new sources of flavour violation beyond the CKM matrix.
\item
Second, let us consider additional heavy singlet quarks $B_i$ with charge $-1/3$, as present e.\,g. in grand unified theories based on the group $E_6$.
These quarks cannot contribute to the box diagrams in Fig.~1, but their mixing with $d,s,b$  generates a small violation of the CKM unitarity and consequently leads to tree level FCNC contributions to $\Delta B=2$ processes. Clearly such processes are outside the CMFV framework. A detailed discussion of this issue can be found in \cite{Branco}.
\end{itemize}

\newsection{Neutral Particle Contributions}\label{sec:neutral}

Until now we have considered only flavour violating charged particle
exchanges. As we have shown in this case our bound is clearly satisfied.
In the present section we will have a close look at neutral particle contributions. {Such contributions are present in the MSSM, where gluinos and neutralinos can be present in box diagrams.} Such exchanges are also present in models with new sources of
flavour violation and it is of interest to investigate whether some
general statements on the sign of their contributions to $\Delta M_{s,d}$
can be made by assuming as in the CMFV models that only the operator $\mathcal{Q}_q$ in (\ref{eq:Qq})
is relevant.
If the relevant flavour violating couplings were equal to the
CKM couplings, a contribution like this could mimic contributions
present in CMFV models, even if the flavour violation did not have anything to do with the SM Yukawa couplings. An example is provided by the Littlest Higgs
model with T-parity (LHT) \cite{BBPTUW}
if we choose the mixing matrix $V_{Hd}$, that parametrizes
the interactions of down-quarks and mirror quarks, to be equal to the
CKM matrix. In doing this one has to make sure that ${\lambda_c^{(q)}}^2$
contributions to $\Delta M_{s,d}$ are made to be negligible by taking
the mirror fermions of the first two generations to be quasi-degenerate
in mass.
Otherwise the general structure in (\ref{eq1.3}) would be modified.
Our discussion below of neutral particle contributions is more general
than the LHT model.

First, $\Delta B=2$ processes could be mediated directly by tree level FCNCs, as in flavour violating $Z'$ models \cite{Zprime}. This corresponds, however, to a new source of flavour violation that has nothing to to with the CKM matrix and CMFV. Even if accidentally the flavour changing couplings of $Z'$ were equal to $\lambda_t^{(q)}$, a straightforward tree diagram calculation shows that also in this case $\Delta S(y)>0$.

If, on the other hand, the neutral gauge bosons are exchanged in box diagrams, in addition to
the usual diagram on the left in Fig.~2 also ``crossed'' box diagrams
on the right in Fig.~2 contribute.

\begin{figure}
\center{\epsfig{file=neutral.ps}}
\caption{\it Neutral gauge boson contributions to $\Delta B=2$ processes.}
\end{figure}

Let us first consider {the case of} a neutral gauge boson corresponding to a $U(1)$
group\footnote{We assume that the possible anomalies related to this
gauge group in the effective theory are cancelled by new fields in the
full theory.}. First, as already demonstrated in \cite{BBPTUW,Hubisz} in the
context of the LHT model, the Goldstone boson contributions cancel
between the two diagrams in Fig.~2 so that it suffices to consider
only gauge boson contributions in the 't Hooft-Feynman gauge. Then the
Dirac structure of the vertices in the box diagrams assures that the
mass terms in the numerators of the fermion propagators do not contribute.
The first diagram gives then a positive contribution to the function $S(y)$
as in the case of charged gauge boson contributions, while the second
one, having a negative sign in the four-momentum in the right fermion
propagator, gives a {\it negative} contribution to $S(y)$. As in the first
diagram
\begin{equation}
\gamma_\mu \gamma_\rho \gamma_\nu \otimes \gamma^\nu \gamma^\rho \gamma^\mu
= 4 \gamma_\mu\otimes \gamma^\mu\,,
\end{equation}
but
\begin{equation}
\gamma_\mu \gamma_\rho \gamma_\nu \otimes \gamma^\mu \gamma^\rho \gamma^\nu
= 16 \gamma_\mu\otimes \gamma^\mu
\end{equation}
in the second diagram, the latter diagram wins this competition and
we find a strictly negative contribution to the function $S(y)$ that carries
an overall factor $1-4=-3$, which will play some role in a moment.

Thus we found a simple mechanism for a negative contribution to $S(y)$,
which would be welcome if one could convincingly demonstrate
that $\Delta M_s < (\Delta M_s)_{\rm SM}$.

Let us now consider the case of a neutral gauge bosons belonging to an adjoint representation of a simple non-abelian group like $SU(N)$ that does not mix with neutral
gauge bosons corresponding to additional $U(1)$ gauge group factors. As we consider here gauge bosons which can contribute to $S(y)$ only at loop level, the fermions on the internal lines of the box diagrams have to be different from the SM quarks. Such ``mixed'' gauge couplings can only result from the mixing of a new gauge group with the SM $SU(2)_L$ one. This new gauge group thus has to be another $SU(2)$, or an $SU(2)$ subgroup of a larger group. In any way, the only new heavy gauge group which can appear in diagrams with new heavy fermions being exchanged is $SU(2)$. Consequently, we will restrict our attention to this case in the following.

Now, also the positive charged gauge
boson contributions have to be taken into account. Moreover, there is one charged, to be called $W_H^\pm$, and one neutral gauge boson, $Z_H^0$, present in $SU(2)$ (note that $W^\pm_H$ has to be counted only once) and the vertices involving the $Z^0_H$ gauge boson carry an  additional suppression factor $1/\sqrt{2}$  relative to the vertices involving the charged gauge boson $W_H^\pm$.
Thus, the total neutral
gauge boson contribution from the diagrams in Fig.~2 carries an overall factor
$-3/4$ relative to $+1$ of the charged gauge boson contribution, when the 't Hooft-Feynman gauge is considered. As the charged Goldstone boson
contributions have been shown in Section \ref{sec:bosons} to be positive and the neutral
ones do not contribute, the total contribution of gauge bosons of a
simple gauge group including Goldstone bosons  to $S(y)$ is strictly positive.

If the gauge group involves both $SU(2)$  and $U(1)$
factors and there is a mixing between neutral gauge bosons belonging
to different group factors in the process of spontaneous symmetry breakdown,
the situation is clearly more involved and a total negative contribution
cannot be excluded if the number of $U(1)$ factors is sufficiently high and
the relevant $U(1)$ charges large.
Yet, the neutral gauge bosons have to compete not only with charged
gauge boson contributions but also with related charged Goldstone
boson contributions, that generally are more important than gauge
boson contributions if there are heavy fermions in box diagrams.
Thus also in this more general case it is very likely that the net
contribution to the function $S(y)$ is positive.

An explicit example of this more complicated situation is provided
by the LHT model. For the choice $V_{Hd}=V_\text{CKM}$ one finds that the
$W_H^\pm$ contributions win over the joint $Z^0_H$ and $A^0_H$ contributions
so that in this case $\Delta S(y) >0$, but we cannot exclude that in the
presence of several $U(1)$ factors $\Delta S(y) < 0$ could be possible.

\begin{figure}
\center{\epsfig{file=mixed.ps}}
\caption{\it Neutral scalar contributions to $\Delta B=2$ processes.}
\end{figure}

 Let us now have a look at physical neutral scalars contributing to $\Delta B=2$ processes. While the ``direct'' and ``crossed'' diagrams involving two scalar exchanges again cancel each other as in the case of neutral Goldstone bosons, this is generally not the case for the mixed gauge boson -- scalar contributions as shown in Fig.~3. The reason is that in contrast to the neutral Goldstone bosons, whose couplings to fermions are always real, the vertices of physical neutral scalars to fermions can in principle be both real and imaginary. In the case of real couplings, the two diagrams in Fig.~3 again cancel each other, because the lower scalar fermion vertices in these two diagrams differ by sign, and we find that such scalars do not contribute to $S(y)$. On the other hand, in the case of imaginary couplings, these vertices are obviously equal, and we thus find that in this case the two diagrams simply add up and bring in a factor of 2. As the first diagram in Fig.~3 has been shown in Section~\ref{sec:bosons} to give a positive contribution to $S(y)$, we finally conclude that physical neutral scalars can only enhance $S(y)$, depending on their couplings  to fermionic fields.

\begin{figure}
\center{\epsfig{file=majorana.ps}}
\caption{\it Majorana fermion contributions to $\Delta B=2$ processes.}
\end{figure}

Finally, the case of neutral fermion contributions should be considered. In the case of Dirac fermions, which have a specified direction of fermion flow, only the first diagram in Fig.~4 contributes and gives a positive contribution to $S(y)$. In the case of Majorana fermions however,  again direct and crossed diagrams are present,
as shown in Fig.~4, with positive
and negative contributions to $S(y)$, respectively. The counting is
different from the one considered above as now scalars and Majorana fermions instead
of Dirac fermions and gauge bosons are exchanged. Moreover, the nature
of Majorana fermions complicates the issue and we were not able to
reach {a general} clear cut {conclusion} as in the case of gauge bosons and scalars.
{On the other hand, a recent detailed analysis of the MFV limit of the MSSM at low $\tan\beta$ \cite{ABG} shows that at least in this case {if the higgsino coupling is large compared to the other SUSY scales} the presence of Majorana fermions (gluinos and neutralinos) implies the presence of new operators so that this model, in contrast to the frequently made statements in the literature, does not belong to the CMFV class, and therefore it in principle does not concern our present analysis. However, a remarkable finding of \cite{ABG} is that within the MFV MSSM at low $\tan\beta$ our bound holds even when new operators give non-negligible contributions. This feature is due to an interesting interplay between chargino and gluino box diagrams in the different mass regimes considered in \cite{ABG}. Charginos always give positive contributions, whereas gluino contributions can be negative or positive. However, when the latter are negative, they are always outpaced by large positive chargino contributions, while when the chargino contributions are small, the gluino contributions turn out to be positive.} {Finally, neutralino contributions to $\Delta M_{s,d}$ are always negligible.}

\newsection{Summary}\label{sec:summary}

In this paper we have demonstrated that in any model with CMFV whose low energy limit is given by the SM, the new physics contributions to $\Delta M_{s,d}$ from charged particles are positive, so that $(\Delta M_{s,d})_\text{SM}$ represents the lower bound for $\Delta M_{s,d}$ in this case.

The validity of the bound in question is independent of the scalar masses. As far as the gauge sector is concerned, a sufficient condition for the validity of the bound is $M_i>M_W$, which is satisfied in nature. The same applies to the quark sector, where $m_{T_i}>m_t$ is sufficient to guarantee $\Delta M_{s,d}>(\Delta M_{s,d})_\text{SM}$.

Our discussion of Section 6 shows that in the presence of neutral particle
 exchanges in box diagrams with flavour violating couplings
equal to the elements of the CKM matrix, our lower bound could in
principle be violated. Still we have demonstrated that our bound is satisfied for
\begin{itemize}
\item
neutral scalar particles being exchanged in box diagrams together with neutral gauge bosons,
\item
neutral gauge bosons belonging to $SU(2)$ gauge groups being exchanged in box diagrams with new charged fermions. Their negative contributions to the function $S(y)$ are always overcompensated by the corresponding positive charged gauge boson contributions,
\item
tree level neutral gauge boson contributions like $Z'$.
\end{itemize}
On the other hand,
\begin{itemize}
\item
the contribution of a $U(1)$ gauge boson exchanged in box diagrams is strictly negative. However, if this gauge boson can also contribute at tree level, the total contribution remains positive,
\item
the contributions of Majorana fermions can have both signs depending on their masses relative to the masses of the scalars exchanged in the box diagrams. {However a detailed analysis \cite{ABG} shows that in the MFV MSSM at low $\tan\beta$ our bound is still satisfied despite the presence of gluino contributions.}
\end{itemize}

It should also be emphasized that in a more general formulation of MFV in which new operators in addition to $\mathcal{Q}_q$ are admitted to contribute to ${\cal H}_{\rm eff}(\Delta B=2)$ \cite{mfv2}, our bound can be violated, as best illustrated by the MSSM with MFV and large $\tan\beta$ \cite{BCRS}.

Similarly, in the case of $\Delta F=1$ processes no analogous lower bounds on the short distance functions $X,\,Y,\,Z$ can be derived, so that for instance the sign of $X$ can in principle be reversed within a CMFV scenario, in agreement with the analysis of \cite{BF}.  A well-known example is given by the MSSM with MFV and low $\tan\beta$, where $X$ can be both smaller and larger than $X_\text{SM}$ \cite{MSSMlow,MSSMlow2}.

It will be of interest to watch the future improved calculations of $F_{B_q} \sqrt{\hat B_{B_q}}$ with the hope that one day we will know whether the lower bound derived here is satisfied in nature. Its violation would imply the relevance of new operators in $\Delta B=2$ transitions and/or the presence of new complex phases beyond the CKM one. A simple example for the latter case is offered by the Littlest Higgs model with T-parity where indeed $\Delta M_{s,d}$ can be smaller than  $(\Delta M_{s,d})_\text{SM}$ \cite{BBPTUW}.
Our discussion of Section \ref{sec:neutral} shows that neutral particle exchanges in box diagrams could also be responsible for the violation of our bound, provided they are not overcompensated by the charged particle contributions in a given model.

\subsection*{Acknowledgements}

We would like to thank Sebastian J{\"a}ger for sharing a related unpublished work with us.
We also acknowledge useful discussions with Emidio Gabrielli, Gino Isidori
 and
Andreas Weiler.
Special thanks are given to Cecilia Tarantino, {Wolfgang Altmannshofer and Diego Guadagnoli} for a careful reading of the manuscript and for  critical comments. {Finally we thank the unknown referee for her/his critical remarks that allowed us to improve our paper.}
This research was partially supported by the German `Bundesministerium f{\"u}r Bildung
und Forschung' under contract 05HT6WOA.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Download Popular Culture as Pedagogy: Research in the Field of Adult by Kaela Jubas, Nancy Taber, Tony Brown PDF
By Kaela Jubas, Nancy Taber, Tony Brown
Grounded within the box of grownup schooling, this overseas compilation deals various serious views on pop culture as a kind of pedagogy. Its primary premise is that adults study in a number of methods, together with via their intake of fiction. As students have asserted for many years, individuals are no longer passive shoppers of media; fairly, we (re)make our personal meanings as we settle for, face up to, and problem cultural representations. At a time whilst realization usually turns to new media, the individuals to this assortment proceed to discover "old" types of pop culture vital and priceless of analysis. tv and flicks - the emphases during this ebook - replicate facets of shoppers' lives, and will be robust cars for supporting adults see, adventure, and inhabit the area in new and other ways. This quantity strikes past conceptually orientated scholarship, taking a decidedly research-oriented concentration. It deals examples of textual and discursive analyses of tv indicates and flicks that painting various contexts of grownup studying, and indicates how members will be introduced into grownup schooling examine during this sector. In so doing, it offers compelling proof concerning the complexity, politics, and multidimensionality of grownup educating and studying. utilizing quite a number tv indicates and films as exemplars, chapters relate pop culture to globalization, id, well-being and future health care, and schooling. The e-book should be of significant use to teachers, scholars, and researchers positioned in grownup schooling, cultural stories, women's and gender reports, cultural sociology, and different fields who're trying to find cutting edge how you can discover social lifestyles as skilled and imagined.
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Additional info for Popular Culture as Pedagogy: Research in the Field of Adult Education
One option for the final assignment was to conduct a textual analysis of a film or a novel. I thought about The Lego Movie, which I had seen recently, and how much it illustrates concepts that had been covered in the course. I used ideas about the methodological approach of textual analysis presented by McKee (2003). As he explains, "Textual analysis is about making educated guesses about how audiences interpret texts" (p. 27). As McKee and other scholars who use textual analysis clarify, there is no single way to interpret any text, and all texts are "read" (or viewed) intertextually, together with other texts.
2006, April 21). The long game [Television series episode]. In R. Miles & G. Rowland (Producers), Doctor Who. Cardiff, Wales, England: BBC Cardiff. Dipaolo, M. E. (2010). Political satire and British-American relations in five decades of Doctor Who. The Journal of Popular Culture, 43(5), 964–987. x Dixit, P. (2012). Relating to difference: Aliens and alienness in Doctor Who and international relations. International Studies Perspectives, 13(3), 289–306. x Evans, E. (2013). Learning with the doctor: Pedagogic strategies in transmedia Doctor Who.
2013). Doctor Who, the where, what, and how: A fannish guide to the TARDIS-sized pop culture jam. Sunnyvale, CA: LitCrit Press. Garner, R. , & McCormack, U. ). (2010). Impossible worlds, impossible things: Cultural perspectives on Doctor Who, Torchwood, and the Sarah Jane adventures. Newcastle upon Tyne, England: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. Gauntlett, D. (2008). Media, gender and identity. London, England: Routledge. Gergen, K. J. (1991). The saturated self. New York, NY: Harper Collins Basic Books.
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Hong Kong, China, July 5, 2017 /ChinaNewswire.com/ - Microsemi Corporation (Nasdaq: MSCC), a leading provider of semiconductor solutions differentiated by power, security, reliability and performance, announced a new family of wideband plastic packaged and chip monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) devices. The new products adds to a growing portfolio of high performance wideband MMICs and include four plastic packaged low noise amplifiers (LNAs), MMA040PP5, MMA041PP5, MMA043PP4 and MMA044PP3; a wideband power amplifier (PA) chip, MMA053AA; and two plastic packaged switches, MMS006PP3 and MMS008PP3. The new MMIC products showcased at the IEEE International Microwave Symposium (IMS2017) June 6-8, 2017 in Honolulu, Hawaii as a part of Microwave Week 2017.
The new packaged amplifiers include two new distributed LNAs (MMA040PP5 and MMA041PP5) which outperform competitive parts over a wider frequency from DC to 27 GHz with higher gain of 17 decibels (dB) and OIP3 of 35 decibel-milliwatts (dBm). They are packaged in a small 5 mm plastic QFN package ideal for size constrained applications. Two additional wideband LNAs (MMA043PP4 and MMA044PP3) provide exceptionally low noise figure (NF) from 0.5 to 18 GHz with typical NF below 2 dB and no more than 2.5 dB at the band edge.
Two new wideband GaAs switches (MMS006PP3 and MMS008PPS) have improved insertion loss and isolation over a wider frequency range from DC to 20 Ghz when compared to competitive parts. These are housed in 3 mm plastic QFN packages which are ideal for high performance requirements in constrained size applications. The devices require minimal off-chip logic to control simplifying system level integration.
A wideband PA chip (MMA053AA) was also released which maintains flat gain of 17 dB and high OIP3 of 35 dBm from DC to 8 GHz, exceeding the performance of competitive parts. Offering superior pricing, customers can leverage all these devices' leading performance capabilities to meet demanding system and module line-up requirements with minimal DC power consumption.
Microsemi's new MMIC wideband LNA, distributed wideband MMIC power amplifier and wideband MMIC switches are ideal for a number of front-end signal chain applications within the aerospace, defense and industrial markets, including test and measurement, electronic warfare (EW)/electronic countermeasures/electronic counter-countermeasures, high linearity microwave radio, and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and other military communications applications. Global market research and consulting company Strategy Analytics estimates that GaAs MMICs sold into the EW, radar and microwave communications markets will reach $500 million by 2019.
As a leader in MMIC products, Microsemi continues to expand its portfolio, which spans the DC to 65 GHz frequency range and targets a broad range of applications including those in EW, radar, test and measurement instrumentation, and microwave communications. These new products build upon a growing portfolio of high performance broadband MMIC amplifiers, control products, prescalers, and phase frequency detectors, ensuring customers can meet highly specific and complex MMIC requirements, with future high performance product developments planned to further enhance Microsemi's MMIC product offerings.
Microsemi offers an industry-leading portfolio of RF and microwave solutions for aerospace and defense, communications and industrial applications. Microsemi's portfolio includes Forever MMICs, PIN diodes, varactor diodes, RF Schottky diodes, ultralow power radios, Wi-Fi front-end modules, RF GaN transistors, RF industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) vertical diffusion metal oxide semiconductor (VDMOS) transistors and more. For more information about Microsemi's RF/microwave product portfolio visit https://www.microsemi.com/product-directory/973-rf-microwave-a-millimeter-wave.


Dr Laurence Humphrey is an early career scientist, with 7 years academic and industrial research experience in microbial genetics, synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. He most recently worked at ReBio Technologies, where he was involved in engineering microorganisms that transform renewable feedstocks or industrial by-products into high value biofuels and biochemicals.
As a CBMNet member, Laurence Humphrey applied for funding to attend the Microbiology Society CBMNet sponsored event 'Membrane Transporters for Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy (IBBE). The funding covered the cost of Laurence's accommodation, event registration and travel.
The CBMNet Membrane Transporters for Industrial Biotechnology and Bioenergy event took place in Liverpool, 20th – 22nd March, 2016. It consisted of a 1.5 day session with talks from academia and industry, as part of the Microbiology Society's Annual Conference, followed by a half day workshop aimed at developing new collaborations between delegates to go on and apply for funding opportunities.
Dr Humphrey unfortunately was made redundant just before the event. Therefore, he saw this event not only as a chance to update his scientific knowledge of the role transporters play in IBBE, but also to network with key academics and industrialists working in the field.
"Before attending this meeting I think it's fair to say that myself and my colleagues at ReBio less often considered membrane transporters when attempting biosynthesis of novel compounds, focusing more on carbon flux and metabolic pathways. Attending this meeting alerted me to the processes used by other companies in similar positions, as well academic developments.


text:
QLD/NSW
MCASA
2019-20 State Titles:
The first round of racing has been completed, conducted at Pt. Vincent SC. The results can be viewed on SailRes here at https://www.sailres.com/view.php?s=1213
Notice of Race here.
Sailing Instructions here.
Committee has decided to repeat the format from last season, three race days over 3 weekends. Each day's sailing will be of three races, giving a potential for a nine race series. There will be 2 classes only, Mk1 and Mk2, with the same nomination fees applying to both classes. Particapants will be able to nominate for individual race days, with a full race fee also being available for the three days. Please consider the following for your calendar planning.
Day1: Pt. Vincent SC, Sunday November 3rd. https://www.facebook.com/portvincentsailingclub/ (If you decide to travel to Pt. Vincent on Saturday, a sailors' social gathering is in the planning for Saturday evening, hosted by local mosquito sailing club members. More details https://www.facebook.com/groups/613228492169456/
Day 2: Adelaide SC, Saturday February 15th. www.adelaidesailingclub.com.au Meals will be available in the Oceanique Restaurant Saturday evening within the club rooms, link: https://www.facebook.com/oceaniqueadl/ Menu link: http://www.oceanique.com/menu.html
Day 3: Lake Bonnety SC, Saturday March 21st. https://lbyc.org.au/ (The club members will provide a meal Saturday evening at the club. Committee would like you to stay for the meal and attend the AGM following.)
2018-19 State Titles: Day1. December 1st, Lake Bonney YC.
Sailing Instructions will be available on the day at the LBYC club house.
2018-19 State Titles: change of date for Day 1.
The State Titles for season 2018-19 will be conducted over three days. Each day's sailing and host club is detailed below. Sailing will be conducted during the host clubs' normal sailing programs for the day listed. It is planned each day's sailing will be of three races, giving a potential for a nine race series.
Access NoR here. Sailing Instructions will be available on the day at the LBYC club house.
Day 1: Sat. December 1. Barmera. Lake Bonney Yacht Club https://lbyc.org.au/
Day 2: Sun. Feb 10. Normanville. Normanville Sailing Club https://www.facebook.com/Normanville-Sailing-Club-175716332553449/
Day 3: Sat. March 23. Adelaide (Presentation and AGM?) Adelaide Sailing Club
To attend all 3 sailing days: $100.00. To attend a single day: $40.00(access the form https://www.theracingcat.com/index.php?page=sa-states-entry-form for nomination and payment details).
Note Mark 1 and Mark 2 is the same nomination fee.
2017-18 State Titles report and results.
The SA state titles was a small event but there was no lack of companionship and competitive sailing. Saturday day 1: hot, very light wind but a pleasant morning to catch up with the state's mosquito sailors whilst rigging among the 100+ junior regatta and Adelaide Sailing Club boats. After 45 minute delay at sea, eventually 2 of the 3 scheduled races completed in light winds and flat seas whilst 'glued' to the gunwale. Sunday day 2: also warm but wind 15-22+ knots with very lumpy and breaking sea. All 3 races completed using maximum luff tension, traveler down and at full stretch on the trap. A full-on day's racing with some boat damage, and frightening moments for Greg and Kirsten. Monday day 3: a pleasant summer's day, variable wind from the south up to 15 knots but by race 3 was dropping, so off and on the string. That last race for the series had very steep and lumpy waves and sailing to windward required constant attention to boat trim and placement on the waves. Every tack was a challenge, selecting the perfect time to tack within the waves and very easy to 'go into irons' when you got it wrong.
Congrats to: Sloop, Warwick Kemp with Kalanhi Bissi, Hubert Tucker with daughter Michelle, Greg Hackett with Peter Dunk and Kirsten Thomas. Cat, Phillip Pearce, Steve Thomas, and Roy Douglas. Special mention of the ever effervescent Peter Nicholson, and the experienced team Peter Hallsworth with son Simon.
Our titles have been another successful event on many levels, ably supported by Adelaide Sailing Club. For detailed results follow the link above.
2017-18 State Titles, Notice of Race, Entry form and AGM.
Adelaide SC: March 10, 11, 12, (March Long weekend). See Notice of Race for details.
Please note the Entry Fee is $100 inclusive for the three days of racing. For partial participation nomination fees will be $40/day. There can be up to 3 races sailed each day, details in the NoR. Please submit fees via EFT, see link to nomination form below.
Notice of Race (NoR) link here. Sailing Instructions (SI) link here.
The AGM will be conducted Saturday evening at the conclusion of Saturday's evening meal, also at ASC, to which you are all invited. The AGM agenda link here.
Entry form link: http://www.theracingcat.com/index.php?page=sa-states-entry-form.
The first weekend of the states has been completed with three races being decided on Saturday. These races were conducted back-to-back in 5-15 knots with the occasional bullet near 20kts. With the timing of the event being very early in the season, many competitors (and their boats) were not fully prepared and ready for a full afternoon of competitive sailing. Several incidents occurred ranging from gear failure to collisions and boat damage. One boat damaged a bow but completed all three races, gradually slowing as the water intake increased.
As usual the Pt. Vincent SC conducted a successful weekend on and off the water and the SA fleet again appreciated the club and its volunteers' time and effort during the weekend. It must be noted and special thanks given to Peter Briton-Jones of Goolwa for filling the role of Race Officer for the weekend. Peter and the PVSC race committee planned the afternoon's racing and put in place the procedures to be used during the forthcoming Nationals.
With the predicted forecast being correct and winds in excess of 32knots flowing across the bay, the Sunday racing was cancelled.
The results can be found here.
The remaining five races for the series will be conducted at Somerton YC.
State Titles, Notice of Race and Entry form.
Pt Vincent SC, October 29-30, Somerton YC, February 25-26. See Notice of Race for details.
Please note the Entry Fee is $120 inclusive for the two weekends. For partial participation please consult nomination fees listed in the Notice of Race. Please submit fees EFT, details in the NoR.
NoR link here.
Link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/613228492169456/ We shall be using FB for notifications, advertising events and class invitations. Like our page to join the swarm and get FB notifications. View many historical photographs from club, state and national events. Most can be copied and saved to your own collection.
You can apply to join the National Mosquito Class facebook for constant activites within the national fleet. https://www.facebook.com/groups/126390337427802/
February 2016 newsletter here
YSA Sailor of the Year
Peter Dunk has been awarded the 2014-15 Sailor of the Year. This is in recognition of his and his crew, Kirsten Thomas success at Club, State and National level during the past season. It is also in recognition of Peter's commitment and continued promotion of not only the mosquito class but also club activites at Lake Bonney, Barmera and within the National Mosquito Catamaran Council as national secretary.
South Australia State Titles day 2
Adelaide Sailing Club, West Beach
Victorian State Titles
Date: 7 March 2020 to 09 March 2020
Summary: Loch Sport BC
Lake Bonney Yacht Club, Barmera
SA States Entry Form
Copyright © 2011-2017 Mosquito Catamaran. All Rights Reserved.
Victorian Mosquito Catamaran Association (Inc. A0054386W)


text:
National Profiles > Regions > Australia/New Zealand > New Zealand
Preferred Religion (2015)1: Western Christian
Majority Religion (2015)2: Not Religious (incl. Atheist) (40.4%)
New Zealand Australia/New Zealand World
Christian (all denominations combined) 44% 56.5% 29.9%
12% 11.3% 5.6%
11.3% 22.6% 15%
0.3% 2.4% 3%
Hindu 2.2% 1.8% 14.5%
Buddhist (all denominations combined) 1.4% 2.5% 6.6%
Theravada Buddhist
Mahayana Buddhist
Other and Unknown Buddhist
1% 0.2% 0.5%
Muslim (all denominations combined) 1.1% 2.4% 22.8%
Sunni Muslim
0.9% 1.9% 19%
Shia Muslim
Sikh 0.5% 0.5% 0.4%
Neoreligionist 0.5% 0.5% 0.1%
Jewish 0.2% 0.4% 0.2%
Other Religionist 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
Not Religious (incl. Atheist) 40.4% 27.7% 12%
Unknown 9.5% 7.4% 4.8%
Religious Demography3
The country is an island nation with an area of 103,000 square miles and a population of 4.2 million. According to 2006 census data, percentages of religious affiliation are: Anglican, 14.8 percent; Roman Catholic, 13.6 percent; Presbyterian, 10.7 percent; other Christian, 8.2 percent; Christian (no specific identification), 5 percent; Methodist, 3.3 percent; Buddhist, 1.7 percent; Hindu, 1.7 percent; and Muslim, 1 percent. There were also more than 90 religious groups that together constituted less than 1 percent of the population. In addition, 34.7 percent stated that they had no religious affiliation.
The indigenous Maori (estimated at 15 percent of the population) tend to be followers of Presbyterianism, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), or Maori Christian groups such as Ratana and Ringatu. The Auckland area, which accounts for approximately 33 percent of the country's population, exhibited the greatest religious diversity.
While the country is predominantly Christian, recent trends indicate that it is becoming more religiously diverse. According to the 2006 census, approximately 56 percent of citizens identify themselves as Christian, a 5 percent decrease from the 2001 census. Within the Christian community, Anglicans and Presbyterians exhibited a decline between 2001 and 2006, while the number of self-identified Pentecostals and "Evangelical, Born Again, and Fundamentalist Christians" increased by 17.8 percent and 25.6 percent, respectively. Syncretistic Maori Christian churches such as Ratana and Ringatu also experienced significant growth, and the proportion of Roman Catholics and Methodists grew slightly. During the same period, non-Christian religious groups continued to show steady growth rates, driven primarily by immigration.
2. The Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project: Demographics reports annual estimates of religious demographics, both country by country and region by region. It estimates populations and percentages of adherents of 100 religious denominations including second level subdivisions within Christianity and Islam. The RCS Data Project would like to acknowledge, recognize, and express our deepest gratitude for the significant contributions of Todd M. Johnson, the principal investigator of the World Christian Database, the co-principal investigator of the World Religion Database, and co-author of the World Christian Encyclopedia series.
3. The U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report is submitted to Congress annually by the Department of State in compliance with Section 102(b) of the International Religious Freedom Act (IRFA) of 1998. This report supplements the most recent Human Rights Reports by providing additional detailed information with respect to matters involving international religious freedom. It includes individual country chapters on the status of religious freedom worldwide. A dataset with these and the other international measures highlighted on the country pages can be downloaded from this website. These State Department reports are open source.


text:
require 'chef/provider/service'
require 'chef/provider/service/init'
require 'chef/mixin/command'

class Chef
  class Provider
    class Service
      class Debian < Chef::Provider::Service::Init
        UPDATE_RC_D_ENABLED_MATCHES = /\/rc[\dS].d\/S|not installed/i
        UPDATE_RC_D_PRIORITIES = /\/rc([\dS]).d\/([SK])(\d\d)/i

        def load_current_resource
          super

          @current_resource.priority(get_priority)
          @current_resource.enabled(service_currently_enabled?(@current_resource.priority))
          @current_resource
        end

        def assert_update_rcd_available
          unless ::File.exists? "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d"
            raise Chef::Exceptions::Service, "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d does not exist!"
          end
        end

        def get_priority
          assert_update_rcd_available
          priority = {}

          status = popen4("/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -n -f #{@current_resource.service_name} remove") do |pid, stdin, stdout, stderr|

            [stdout, stderr].each do |iop|
              iop.each_line do |line|
                if UPDATE_RC_D_PRIORITIES =~ line
                  # priority[runlevel] = [ S|K, priority ]
                  # S = Start, K = Kill
                  # debian runlevels: 0 Halt, 1 Singleuser, 2 Multiuser, 3-5 == 2, 6 Reboot
                  priority[$1] = [($2 == "S" ? :start : :stop), $3]
                end
                if line =~ UPDATE_RC_D_ENABLED_MATCHES
                  enabled = true
                end
              end
            end
          end

          unless status.exitstatus == 0
            raise Chef::Exceptions::Service, "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -n -f #{@current_resource.service_name} failed - #{status.inspect}"
          end
          priority
        end

        def service_currently_enabled?(priority)
          enabled = false

          priority.each { |runlevel, arguments|
            Chef::Log.debug("#{@new_resource} runlevel #{runlevel}, action #{arguments[0]}, priority #{arguments[1]}")

            # if we are in a update-rc.d default startup runlevel && we start in this runlevel
            if (2..5).include?(runlevel.to_i) && arguments[0] == :start
              enabled = true
            end
          }

          enabled
        end

        def enable_service()
          if @new_resource.priority.is_a? Integer
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} remove")
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d #{@new_resource.service_name} defaults #{@new_resource.priority} #{100 - @new_resource.priority}")
          elsif @new_resource.priority.is_a? Hash
            # we call the same command regardless of we're enabling or disabling
            # users passing a Hash are responsible for setting their own start priorities
            set_priority()
          else # No priority, go with update-rc.d defaults
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} remove")
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d #{@new_resource.service_name} defaults")
          end

        end

        def disable_service()
          if @new_resource.priority.is_a? Integer
            # Stop processes in reverse order of start using '100 - start_priority'
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} remove")
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} stop #{100 - @new_resource.priority} 2 3 4 5 .")
          elsif @new_resource.priority.is_a? Hash
            # we call the same command regardless of we're enabling or disabling
            # users passing a Hash are responsible for setting their own stop priorities
            set_priority()
          else
            # no priority, using '100 - 20 (update-rc.d default)' to stop in reverse order of start
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} remove")
            run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} stop 80 2 3 4 5 .")
          end
        end

        def set_priority()
          args = ""
          @new_resource.priority.each do |level, o|
            action = o[0]
            priority = o[1]
            args += "#{action} #{priority} #{level} . "
          end
          run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d -f #{@new_resource.service_name} remove")
          run_command(:command => "/usr/sbin/update-rc.d #{@new_resource.service_name} #{args}")
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


Ever wonder what exactly you need to have or do before to become a professional photographer? Here is our photography business checklist!
Starting ANY business can be a bit overwhelming! There is a range of things you'll need to consider when starting in the world of professional photography. Here is our comprehensive list of considerations you should look at before leaping!
Decide on a business name and write out business plan. It pays to have a plan that you can refer back to at a later time. Knowing your direction and goals is ALWAYS a great way to stay on track and to stay motivated!
Buy the gear you'll need based on a budget (you can start with a camera body and one lens and 2-3 SD cards): external hard drives and a cloud-based backup (e.g., Backblaze). It's straightforward to get caught up on all the options on the market, but in reality, you need ONE lens and the absolute basics. Make sure this is something you'll want to continue with!
Decide what types of photography you will offer (weddings, engagements, family portraits, headshots, landscape, business, social media, etc.! Start taking pictures to build a portfolio by offering sessions to family and friends! This is a great way to get word of mouth going, so make sure to knock their socks off!
Decide whether to register as a sole proprietor, or LLC (research licenses or permits for your city and state).
Understand your editing needs. You can sign up with Lightroom and Photoshop for editing ($10/month plan).
Learn the basics of Lightroom. Lightroom was designed for photographers and is much more suited to our needs.
Learn the basics of Photoshop. Photoshop is great for those more specific edits, like changing the background color, adding a sky overlay or removing heavy objects from the background.
How much does a photography business cost?
While this isn't a checklist item, we are always being asked how much it will cost to start a photography business from scratch! This will range GREATLY depending on your budget, as you can purchase a NEW full-frame camera (roughly $3000), or decide on a used crop-sensor camera, which could set you back only $500! I would venture to guess that if you're a negotiator, you could easily start your business for less than $1000.
So people will say that a site isn't vital. While this is technically true, it's a nice place to showcase your work and your personal space on the internet that YOU can control. This means you're not at the mercy of algorithms and someone trying to charge you extra for advertising. It's also a professional. To read more about why you should have a website, check out this article!
Decide on a hosting company and platform. These range from very affordable to around $300/year depending on what you need. Check out Bluehost, GoDaddy, etc.
Build a website with the following information: (Location, "About Me" page, a gallery of 20-25 photos, Pricing (if in doubt, use "Starting at" pricing), Contact Page with your email and phone number). Link your website to Facebook and Instagram! Check out this tutorial on the six essential pieces of information that every website should contain!
Set-up HeyNed for client management, client questionnaires, invoicing and contracts.
1. One set price for all sessions. This makes things easy and very straightforward for both you and your clients! Essentially, each 1-hour session will cost $X.
2. Three-tier packages. In this case, you'll want to structure them from highest to lowest!
3. Session fee, plus the cost of digital images/products.
Research the market in your area if you're not sure on how to price yourself. What are others charging about what they are offering? Just get a ballpark, but DON'T get down on yourself when you see who you're competing against! Everyone has their distinct styles, and with a lot of work, EVERYONE can become profitable!
Decide if you will offer products (such as prints, canvases, albums)? Remember, in Shootproof and Pixieset, there are built-in pricing options that allow you to link professional labs and offer products THROUGH the gallery. You can have your clients order through them and never have to handle the actual product! It's a no-brainer!
Start a Facebook page. This takes about 10 minutes!
Start an Instagram account. Instagram is a great way to showcase your images and another means of connecting with potential clients.
Outline your ideal client. The best way to do this is to give them a name. WHO are you talking to in your ads, on your website and in throughout your work?! Moms, entrepreneurs, business professionals, teens?
Decide on if you want a watermark (essentially a digital signature) to put on your final images.
Design a welcome guide/preparation guide, pricing guide, and style guide to send to clients.
Design and print business cards.
Print referral cards. You can offer discounts to people who refer new clients. For example, if an exsiting client tells a friend about you (and they also book you for a session), both clients will get $20 off their sessions!
Set up a gallery system to deliver images (Shootproof, Pixieset, etc.). Here's a tutorial if you want to see a full review!
USB, while still an option, is growing less popular now that there are online cloud options! Evaluate your needs and make a decison!
Talk to an accountant if necessary.
Pay taxes. Please make sure that you account for taxes during the year. Not properly filing with the tax authority can lead to significant problems down the road, and will ultimately affect the way you run your business.
File all essential state paperwork if you choose to register as an LLC (this will vary by your state and county).
Get liability insurance! (For yourself and your equipment – Public Liability and Professional Indemnity.) This is essential just in case something happens at a session, for example, someone falls and hurt themselves!
Keep track of accounts (income and expenses). Make sure to keep all receipts for business transactions, including travel, equipment, props, hardware, software, courses, plus household bills on utilities if working from home.
Whatever you do, DON'T FREAK OUT. While this may seem like a lot to consider, it's manageable in bite-size pieces. Remember, each thing alone is really a simple task, and only when you put it all together do you have a full-blown business! Let me know if you have any questions in the comments!
Click Below To Get Our FREE Class - The 5 Step Framework for Booking More Clients!
Kelly Acs (rhymes with hatch), spent her early years in San Diego, stuffing her face with rolled tacos, surfing, and pretending that she would never have to pay off her student loan debt. She met her Hungarian prince charming at a gothic bar, where she witnessed him do a super sweet (totally sober) somersault on the dance floor. She now spends her days in France eating macarons, taking photos for local families, and annoying French people with her questionable language skills. She is obsessed with spreading love, audiobooks, photography, introspection, and mastering lazy parenting techniques.
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© 2019 Cole's Classroom. All rights reserved.


text:
preprints.org > medicine & pharmacology > other > doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0361.v1
Preprint Brief Report Version 1 Preserved in Portico This version is not peer-reviewed
Estimating the Number of Infected by COVID-19 in Italy
Pedro H.P. Cintra * and Felipe N. Fontinele
Version 1 : Received: 21 May 2020 / Approved: 23 May 2020 / Online: 23 May 2020 (05:40:26 CEST)
How to cite: Cintra, P.H.; Fontinele, F.N. Estimating the Number of Infected by COVID-19 in Italy. Preprints 2020, 2020050361 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0361.v1). Cintra, P.H.; Fontinele, F.N. Estimating the Number of Infected by COVID-19 in Italy. Preprints 2020, 2020050361 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0361.v1).
Cintra, P.H.; Fontinele, F.N. Estimating the Number of Infected by COVID-19 in Italy. Preprints 2020, 2020050361 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0361.v1). Cintra, P.H.; Fontinele, F.N. Estimating the Number of Infected by COVID-19 in Italy. Preprints 2020, 2020050361 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202005.0361.v1).
Italy suffered heavily with the new pandemic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Given the low number of tests performed on the early stages of the outbreak, Italy lost track of most of infections. We use a modified SEIR model to reconstruct the most realistic infection curve using the hospitalization curve of the registered data. Using this method we estimated that, by the end of the first infection wave, about 3-4% of the population will have been infected by the virus. Following the same process, the number of deaths is projected to be between 100000 to 115000. We also find a significant correlation between the number of tests performed, the fraction of undocumented infections and the rate of change dI/dt of the real infection curve. We conclude that herd immunity is not enough to contain further spread of the disease inside the country.
SEIR; Italy; infection curve; estimative


(S) vintage 1970s mens shortsleeve DISCO SHIRT muted tan, green, purple, brown.
Home > Men's Vintage Shirts > Disco Shirts > (S) vintage 1970s mens shortsleeve DISCO SHIRT muted tan, green, purple, brown.
Very nice vintage 1970s mens shortsleeve disco shirt. Abstract vertical bands pattern in muted tones of: light tan, sage green, purple, brown, and sand. Left chest patch pocket. Not a huge collar, but still very 70s style. No top button for a V neckline. Cuffed shortsleeves. Made by Triumph of California. 100% polyester.