We've all heard of it. We all know about it, but what exactly does it mean to stay safe online?
Did you know that 1 in 20 Children / Young People admitted arranging a secret meeting with someone they met online? That means arranging to meet with a person you really don't know. They could be anyone.
It's important to remember that we don't know who's on the other side of the screen. The television programme "Catfish" on MTV tries to highlight the dangers of talking to strangers online. It's based around people who have built up strong emotional relationships online, without even meeting each other. These people have been "together" for months, even years. It proves that people can make fake profiles to trick you.
Here's one for the younger readers: why not make your parents aware of what websites you are using, and allow your parents to check them out. Remember that you shouldn't use social networking sites until you are 14, but when you do, why not talk to your parents about staying safe and if you're being bullied online let someone else know.
To the over 18s amongst us, remember that something as simple as applying for magazine subscriptions can affect your credit rating using just your name and date of birth, so make sure you don't give any of these details to anyone you don't know very well. Personally, I only have my first and middle name on Facebook so only people I know in real life know my surname.
When searching for things using Google or any other search engine try using more than one word, and change your safe search settings to safe, otherwise you may end up with dodgy results!
These are just a few simple tips from me, if you can think of any other useful ones please comment below and share what steps you take to stay safe online, so we can all be safe together.
For more information about staying safe online, read our article on Social Media Week and check out the Online Safety Information page.
This is a great article Hudie123.
My tip would be when using the internet on public computers to make sure you clear your internet search history when you finish with that computer. This search history can allow people to see what you have been doing and gain further details of where you may be going or what you may be doing later that week.
Great article & can't wait to see your Green man festival article.
A example you should have used is Habbo Hotel. I know a lot about this because i was a daily user from 2010-2013. In 2010, you could talk freely and they would have blockers to block out swear words and it was a really safe site but you still had to watch out. Now you have to take a test to see if you're fit enough to talk and interact with people on there because of how unsafe it is for young people now. No site is completely child friendly and safe for them. Even though there are rules to keep your address, age, name and all your personal information a secret. Young kids are that naive they will do as they're told.
I was listening to the radio this morning and they were saying that not every police department has a dedicated policy for dealing with online/social media crimes. Anyone know if this is true?


Five agencies design their anniversary messages as Google's iconic Doodle comes of age.
Burning Man festival 1998. When Google founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin wanted to sign out of the office for a few days to head out to party in the Nevada desert, they cheekily tweaked the Google corporate logo to add the iconic Burning Man stick figure on the second "O" and left it as a message to their fellow Googlers that they were out of the office.
And so, on 30 August 1998, days before the global company was even launched – the Google Doodle was born with a mission of combining the simple colourful company logo with a key date.
Fast forward 20 years and a dedicated team of illustrators now create Google Doodles, with more than 2,000 illustrations created for homepages in various destinations. To celebrate the Doodle's 20th birthday, five adland creators have designed their own tribute, incorporating the landmark anniversary alongside their own passion project or ethos.
Creative director Malin Hanas chose to go analogue with her celebratory image, which is a drawing – an actual doodle – in the Google colours. To reference her own creative talents, it is related to her woodworking/furniture-making hobby.
This image by XYZ's creative designer Anna Ramsamy represents some of the global social issues the agency has been tackling as part of their work this year, as well as the power of women in the workforce.
Female employees represent 75% of the agency and also 75% of the senior leadership team. The themes of food waste and recycling reference the agency's current campaign with Hotpoint while the natural materials reflect their work on the UK launch of new sustainable shoe brand using only natural materials, Allbirds.
The team at Lucky Generals looked back to the month Google Doodle launched as inspiration for their doodle, and came up with Unlucky Generals, "because we're Lucky Generals, we'd like to draw attention to the 100,000 kids who are unlucky enough to be child soldiers in 2018.
Created by art director Callum Prior, creative director Hamish Pinnell and designer Daisy King, the BBH illustration is an "inherently traditional look and feel on a purely digital brand".
First published in Campaign UK.
MISSION: IMPOSSIBLE – FALLOUT – WHAT A CRACKER OF A FILM.


This Satin Nickel Porthole Bulkhead is made from brass and is solid! no worries about cheap plastic parts here. The bulkhead has a E27 | ES | Edison Screw lamp holder inside and has an external cable gland entry. Perfect for a nautical or vintage industrial look. It has 3 decorative thumb wing style nuts to hold the cover on so no need for tools. Included in the box is a pack of screws/wall plugs and instructions from manufacturer.


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Andrew Ray
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Event | Apr 24/19
Lunch & Learn: Employee Stock Option Plans – Is the Ownership Option Right for Your Business?
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Andrew Ray is vice president of investment at Innovacorp, where he oversees the organization's venture capital activities. As part of the senior management team, he leads Innovacorp's work to find, fund and foster innovative Nova Scotia start-ups that strive to change the world.
Previously, Andrew was an investment manager at Innovacorp, focused on identifying attractive seed and early stage investment opportunities and managing all aspects of the investment review, approval and closing cycle.
Andrew works hands-on with Innovacorp's portfolio companies to assist them in building teams, accelerating their growth, achieving milestones and securing additional financing. He is a board member at Ubique Networks, QRA, VineView and LeadSift, and a board observer at Proposify.
Prior to joining Innovacorp, Andrew was the CEO of Bazari, a mobile banking services provider for microfinance institutions in India. At Bazari, he helped financial institutions set up technology infrastructure and oversaw the rollout of the company's mobile payment platform. Prior to this, he worked for MacDonald, Dettwiler and Associates on the Radarsat-2 Spacecraft, from design through launch, specializing in spacecraft guidance and navigation.
Andrew holds a B.Sc. in astrophysics from Saint Mary's University, an M.Sc.in space studies from France's International Space University, and an MBA from Brigham Young University's Marriott School of Management.
aray@innovacorp.ca
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Breakaway Civilization
Theodor Adorno: Inveterate Critic or Arbiter of Idealism?
BeethovenFan August 31, 2020 September 8, 2020
by Ryan Drummond
'With Adorno, critical social philosophy becomes a pessimistic self-clarification which, given the total social reification of late capitalism, is confined to aesthetics and to a philosophical critique of the false totality'
(J. Bernstein ed., 1994, p. 41).
Theodor Adorno. It is a name which any seasoned scholar will have heard, and the name itself will inevitably provoke profound reactions from those who understand the implications of his work. The sheer volume of publications concerning Adorno's work, in a number of academic fields, self-iterates his influence. The tendency of his opinions and observations to attract both ardent support and vehement criticism, however, has remained a significant divider of philosophers, cultural historians and musicologists for most of the twentieth century and continues to perpetuate academic division to this day. With regards to his ultimate goal of providing enlightenment for the reification of a cultural utopia, his propensity to fundamentally divide his readers propels his objectives, for many critics at least, little further than self-immolation. Jürgen Habermas, perhaps the best-known of these critics of Adorno's social theory, accuses him of:
'Defending an account of instrumental reasoning that is so encompassing and extensive, as to exclude the possibility of rationally overcoming these conditions and thereby realising the aims of critical theory'
(Fagan, n.d).
Before any substantial judgement on his philosophies can be passed, however, one must surely ask themselves the following questions: To what extent could his notions of instrumental reasoning be considered fundamentally flawed? As an outspoken critic of the various elements of Western society, complete with an inclination to paint black and white pictures of naturally complex issues, was it the projection of his ideals, rather than the ideals themselves, which have rendered his writings susceptible to decades of academic haranguing? What is the cultural potential of his philosophies if they were to be given a universally accepted form of clarification?
Of course, discussing the entire spectrum of Adorno's cultural philosophy is, for the purpose of this paper at least, an impossible task. I intend, therefore, to look briefly at just one area of society that has fallen victim to Adorno's strict criticism: 'popular' music, and attempt to provide some insight into how and why Adorno's observations drew himself to such conclusions, and in turn drew a plethora of critics, via those aforementioned essential questions.
At first glance, his opinions on 'popular' music appear as both simultaneously pretentious and scathing. Pretentious in the sense that he zealously reveres the music that he compares it to; 'serious' (Adorno, 1941, p. 17) music that many would consider an elitist form of art, and uncompromisingly scathing towards popular music itself; music that he considers too widely commercialised for the purpose of mass profit within a society built firmly upon high capitalism. The terms 'standardised', 'rigid', 'nonsense' and 'primitive' are used by Adorno within the first primarily descriptive paragraph within his article On Popular Music (1941, p. 18), and simply allow no room for invalid interpretation. His fundamentally obdurate opinions can be seen to take form in the principles of G. W. F. Hegel, and Adorno's relationship to Hegel's idealism of aesthetics can be seen in a well-chosen quotation to introduce his essays on The Philosophy of New Music (2006, p. 7):
"For in art we have to do not with any agreeable or useful child's play but…with an unfolding of the truth" 1 – G. W. F. Hegel.
To Adorno, popular music represented precisely what Idealism was firmly against with regards to art: agreeable, useful child's play. 'Agreeable', because it preyed on the institutionalised2 desires of the common person, in turn gaining immediate and easily acquired acceptance. 'Useful' because it provided a viable medium through which mass-production could aid in supporting the illogical (when compared to the Idealist concept of 'truth', at least) infrastructure of high capitalism, and 'child's play' because he argued that it contains fundamentally simplistic structures and harmonies that require no independent thought on behalf of the listener in order to make sense of. Thus restricting both their capacity and their need for general objective thought and therefore limiting their ability to observe critically the world around them:
'The composition hears for the listener. This is how popular music divests the listener of his spontaneity and promotes conditioned reflexes'
(Adorno, 1941, p. 24)
To those who agree with Adorno, his claims seem relatively self-explanatory in truth and are easily solidified with rather basic musical analysis and a consideration of the place in society held by the modern music industry. Take, for example, the plethora of 'hit' songs in recent decades following nothing more musically elaborate than the repetitive 4-chord sequences: I, V, vi, IV or vi, IV, I, V (to name but two of the most prevalent). Songs such as 'Let it Be' (The Beatles, 1970), 'Head over Feet' (Alanis Morissette, 1996), 'Don't Matter' (Akon, 2006), 'Don't Stop Believin'' (Journey, 1981), 'Paparazzi' (Lady Gaga, 2009), 'Run' (Snow Patrol, 2004), 'Wrecking Ball' (Miley Cyrus, 2013), 'Feeling This' (Blink 182, 2003), 'Grenade' (Bruno Mars, 2010), 'Africa' (Toto, 1983), 'No Woman No Cry' (Bob Marley, 1974), 'The Scientist' (Coldplay, 2002), 'Zombie' (The Cranberries, 1994), 'Wherever You Will Go' (The Calling, 2001) and 'If We Ever Meet Again' (Timbaland feat. Katy Perry, 2010)3 are an incredibly tiny fraction of exceptionally popular music from the last five decades which have made extensive, near identical use of the aforementioned basic chord progressions: 'child's play', with regards to their fundamental musical simplicity, seems not so much a personal, pejorative accusation but a simple statement of fact.
This sentiment is merely amplified when one considers that of the fifteen examples given, eleven of them fundamentally revolve around an abstract element of human emotion that is, for the most part, biologically unavoidable for all living people: love, and the various stages of both euphoria and desolation that it bequeaths. It makes one wonder how lyrics regarding such a well-known abstract concept, sung over identical fundamental chord progressions, can keep entertained millions of people worldwide for over five decades with little to no objection to its, quite simply, basic nature. Adorno offers a solution for this cultural enigma in the form of a concept coined 'pseudo-individualisation'. He describes it as 'endowing cultural mass-production with the halo of free choice' (Adorno, 1941, p. 28), or granting the masses the illusion of freedom in order to pacify them into believing that their illusion is in fact a reality. One might consider that we live in a world governed by social pressures to conform to what is deemed 'the norm'. This begins from the moment we are able to conceive of our own existence within the world. Often advertisements, coupled with a multitude of mass media outlets, inform us (with our true freedom of choice, as to whether or not we choose to even hear or see such material, rendered non-existent), via what can only be described as sensory rape, what we should enjoy as first-world citizens in order to become accepted into a world of people whose opinions have already been moulded for them. We are taught that to fit in we must enjoy certain things or behave in certain ways. One needs only to turn on a radio or television, walk down any street or into any retail outlet, read any magazine or even look on any webpage before they are overwhelmed by forced advertising. It is little wonder, then, that we feel pressures to comply with many of the demands placed upon us as it offers us a means of finding both group solidarity and individual 'freedom' of expression.
Zimbardo calls this innate desire for group acceptance 'normative conformity' (Zimbardo, 2014) and it exists in all elements of life where the interpersonal nature of human beings is exercised. As music is, by its very nature, a form of interpersonal communication it must fall into the category of areas in which normative conformity occurs. People are, admittedly, given the illusion of free-will with the choice of varying musical 'artists' but, with the overwhelming barrage of perpetual social pressure to conform coupled with incessant reminders via advertising and media outlets as to what is considered 'normal' to enjoy, our free-will is often only ever pre-determined to lead most down a restricted number of paths. Adorno would have argued that all of those paths lead to some form of capitalist profit, in turn sacrificing Idealist enlightenment under a flurry of nonessential cathartic outpourings.
Although each of the aforementioned songs were written after Adorno's death in 1969, his philosophies on popular music have seemingly transcended the decades of his own life and self-empirical observations. They are, if anything, being reinforced more powerfully in our own times than they perhaps were during his life which spanned, arguably, the more developmental stages of popular music as a societal construct; as a new sphere of music. Societal capitalism, after all, has lived on. Adorno's notion of popular music becoming standardised is one such observation that struggles to justify any logical opposition. Yet opposition to his observations still exists. Miklitsch, in his book Roll Over Adorno, subtly accuses Adorno of merely feeling bitter about the fact that the 'spheres'4 of music had switched in their levels of cultural prestige:
'In other words (and Adorno never forgot this), the real problem with popular music was not the music but the division [of the spheres] itself…From this perspective, the greatness of a song like 'Roll Over Beethoven' is that it announces the historic moment when the musical spheres abruptly reverse places: Beethoven and Tchaikovsky are out, Berry and Presley, Bo Diddley, Little Richard and Jerry Lee Lewis are in…More generally, 'Roll Over Beethoven' represents the rise of mass popular culture and the demise of high sublime culture'
(Miklitsch, 2006, p. 55).
Adorno's bitterness is, however, self-evident and he makes no attempt to mask that it in his own work. Accusing Adorno of bitterness seems the academic equivalent of accusing the sky of being blue, in turn doing little to support justifiable objection but more so perpetuates blind dismissal for refusal to accept ignorance to any more substantial cultural problems than the almost childlike argument of 'my music is better than your music'.
Adorno claims widespread cultural ignorance (with popular music acting as but one element within a plethora of its fundamental cause) and, in turn, culture, as a whole, refuses to accept it. This often automated anti-Adorno attitude does, however, have a form of psychological reasoning behind it. One might consider the publications of Dunning and Kruger, whose ideas attempt to explain the reasons behind the human tendency to deny ignorance. The Dunning-Kruger effect theoretically puts in place an automatic cognitive bias caused by illusory superiority which, in turn, is caused by the lack of thorough understanding of a given topic, concept or ideology:
'Unskilled individuals suffer from illusory superiority, mistakenly rating their ability much higher than is accurate. This bias is attributed to a metacognitive inability of the unskilled [Or, even in skilled individuals, their areas of in-depth knowledge may be limited to but a few areas; thus restricting their ability to conceptualise the whole] to recognise their ineptitude'
(Morris, 2010).
Given the fact that Adorno's theories imply utopian ideals, in a world that arguably offers the opposite, an understanding of his work suggests a need to have an objective cultural understanding of relative totality; a level of understanding which few individuals currently possess. A downside of this where Adorno's work is concerned, however, comes in the form of Dunning and Kruger's psychological conclusion:
'The miscalibration of the incompetent stems from an error about the self [the unwillingness to accept a lack of knowledge or understanding, or simply the lack of knowledge of any shortcomings that they may have], whereas the miscalibration of the highly competent stems from an error about others [The belief that others have the capacity of understanding that they do]'
(Dunning and Kruger, 1999, p. 1127).
Adorno's own writing style can be argued to reinforce the latter claim within Dunning and Kruger's conclusion. Consider the following:
'Adorno can be very difficult to read. He writes in a manner which does not lend itself to ready comprehension. This is intentional. Adorno views language itself as having become an object of, and vehicle for, the perpetuation of domination…His answer to this problem, although not intended to be ultimately satisfying, is to write in a way that requires hard and concentrated efforts on the part of the reader, to write in a way that explicitly defies convention and the familiar'
In psychological terms, Adorno appears to be doing precisely what Dunning and Kruger describe as the miscalculation of the highly intelligent. He seems to be expecting his readers to possess his own levels of cultural understanding, and thus possess the cognitive ability to interpret his often convoluted prose identically to himself. It seems hardly surprising, then, that his style of projection often has the adverse tendency to divide, rather than unite, his audience. To Adorno, his style of writing forces his receptive audience into a mode of deep independent thought through the use of convoluted language which the reader must prise into objective reason. To his audience, he often comes across as unnecessarily pretentious; immediately putting into place, for many, an element of cognitive bias and rejection. He expects too much of his readers and often his readers are unable to adhere to those expectations; not through the innate lack of intelligence needed to process his concepts individually per se, but arguably through the lack of knowledge of the lack of knowledge needed to process his concepts in their totality.
The totalising aspect of Adorno's philosophy is what led Jürgen Habermas to his ultimate conclusion that realisation of his critical theories is an impossible dream, and led Bernstein to conclude that his aesthetics are resigned to the realm of philosophy. Such attitudes, however, seem ultimately defeatist ones. It seems almost nonsensical to assume that a society that offers each individual an enlightened and worthwhile experience on Earth should be consigned to the realm of the metaphysical. Pseudo-individualisation, however, offers neither; simply an illusion of the former and restricts a shallow latter to those with capital. In a world where millions of individuals starve to death on a yearly basis, yet the music industry earns wealth well into the billions of pounds Sterling from iterating nonessential, cathartic jargon over repetitive 4-chord sequences, one can only logically ever offer the 'pessimistic self-clarification' found resonating from Adorno's work. The 'elitist' music that he is often condemned for revering, namely the works of Beethoven, he revered for what he believed offered visions of utopia. Take the words of Schiller's Ode to Joy, set to music in Beethoven's famous choral finale to his Symphony No. 9 in D minor, for example:
'Deiner Zauber binden wieder Was die Mode streng geteilt. Alle Menschen werden Brüder…Sied Umschlungen, Millionen! Diesen Kuß der ganzen Welt!'5
(Beethoven, 1863, pp. 174 – 276).
Adorno wrote of Beethoven that the reason his music never goes out of date 'is connected, perhaps, to the fact that reality has not yet caught up with his music: real humanism' (Adorno, 1998, p. 32). There is no pretentiousness in that statement; that firm understanding that Adorno held of Beethoven's music throughout his life. Pessimism: yes. Realism: yes. The dismissal, perhaps, of music that purports humane mediocrity: yes, but pretentiousness for pretentiousness' sake or illogical thought: absolutely not. If one views the works of Adorno not so much as the works of a needlessly pretentious critic, but as a deliberately convoluted cry for humanitarian help, a new perspective can be gained; one which transcends the boundaries of differing musical opinions and allows for unanimous objective thought. One thing that could hardly be disputed, however, is that if Adorno could witness the direction that society has headed, despite the technological advancements, regarding mass-produced music and the worldwide flaws inherent in our societal regime of high capitalism, he would turn in his grave.
1 – The concept of truth and the seemingly innate human preoccupation with its definition meant, for Hegel, a journey through time in which it is our duty as sentient beings to uncover the presently abstract, metaphysical form of absolute knowledge; allowing for us to give concrete meaning to the seemingly hollow rationale behind our very existence.
2 – '[Popular music delivers] institutionalised prescriptions capable of producing only institutionalised effects…Popular music…is composed in such a way that the process of translation of the unique into the norm is already planned and, to a certain extent, achieved within the composition itself' (Adorno, 1941, p. 25)
3 – For the purpose of empirical objectivity, no two songs chosen for comparison were by the same artist and they span a number of sub-genres inherent in the sphere of 'popular music'.
4 – The 'spheres' of music refer to the sphere of 'popular' music and the sphere of 'serious' music (Adorno, 1941, p. 17).
5 – Trans: 'Your magic brings together what custom has sternly divided. All men shall become brothers…Be embraced, you millions! This kiss is for the whole world!'
Adorno, T. W. (1998) Beethoven: The Philosophy of Music. Cambridge: Polity Press.
Adorno, T. W. (1941). On Popular Music. Studies in Philosophy and Social Science, ix, pp. 17–48
Adorno, T. W. (2006). The Philosophy of New Music. London: University of Minnesota Press
Beethoven, L. v. (1863) Ludwig van Beethoven's Werke, Serie 1: Symphonien Nr. 9. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel. Music score.
Bernstein, J. (1994). The Frankfurt School: Critical Assessments, Volume 6. London: Routledge.
Fagan, A. (N/D). Theodor Adorno (1903 – 1969). [Online] Available at: <http://www.iep.utm.edu/adorno/> [Accessed 22nd April 2014]
Dunning, D. and Kruger, J. (1999) Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognising One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self Assessments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 77 (6) pp. 1121 – 1134
Miklitsch, R. (2006). Roll Over Adorno: Critical Theory, Popular Culture, Audiovisual Media. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Morris, E. (2010). The Anosognosic's Dilemma: Something's Wrong but You'll Never Know What It Is (Part 1). New York Times. [Online] Available at: <http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/06/20/the-anosognosics-dilemma-1/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0> [Accessed 22nd April 2014]
Zimbardo, P. (2006) Why We Conform: The Power of Groups. The Lucifer Effect. [Online] Available at: http://www.lucifereffect.com/guide_conform.htm [Accessed 7th May 2014]
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Welcome back to the Sweater Contsruction series! If you haven't already, check out the other posts in this series. They don't really need to be read in order but the more you know about the different construction methods the easier it will be to find a suitable style to knit.
Today we are going to look into the pros and cons of knitting a sweater with saddle shoulders. Along with the advantages and disadvantages of knitting this type of sweater I will be providing links to a few patterns for you to try if you decide that this is the method for you.
A saddle shoulder is technically a variation of a raglan sleeve, where the shoulder portion forms a straight band knit in the same piece with the sleeve. This little extension at the top of the shoulder extends to the neckline and lies directly over the top of the shoulder. The garment is constructed so that the "seam" at the shoulder lies parallel to the shoulder at the front and back instead of at an angle as in the raglan style.
This type of sweater can be knit from the top down or bottom up. Depending on your choice of direction you may have to do some seaming to do but generally less than you would for the traditional set-in sleeve.
Here are some of the best reasons for knitting a sweater with saddle shoulders.
This particular method of construction creates a wonderful canvas for showing off different design elements at the "saddle". Lace, cables and even color work details along the sleeve and into the saddle make for eye catching design features.
The saddle shoulder construction can be knit top down or bottom up. Either way the body and sleeves are typically knit in the round and joined at the underarms. This means that if you are adverse to seaming or large amounts of finishing work this sweater construction may be a good idea for you to try.
Much like other top-down construction methods the saddle shoulder can be tried on as you go when constructed from the top down.This fact makes it easy to adjust the fit as needed. However, if you choose to knit it bottom-up this is no longer the case.
Sometimes (not all the time) this construction method can make for a slightly baggy underarm. Additionally it has been said that one of the biggest drawbacks of this style of sweater is that since it draws attention to your shoulders that it can actually make you appear quite broad. Because of this the saddle shoulder sweater tends to look best on men trying to accentuate the shoulders or women with narrow shoulders trying to provide visual balance to their figure.
Just like any type of seamless sweater, the saddle shoulder style of sweater is not the simplest project to bring along with you. Eventually you will be carrying around an entire sweater and knitting with the entire thing on your lap. If you're ok with carrying around a big project with you then you should check out my favorite bags for sweater knitters, they are all big enough to carry a full sweater along with you!
Unfortunately there are very few patterns for this construction method in comparison to other styles of sweaters. There are a couple of books on the subject but still relatively few patterns available online.
Here are a few great sweater patterns using the saddle shoulder construction. I have included sweaters of varying skill levels so there should be something for everyone. However, if this is your first sweater you might want to start with the Barnaby pattern.


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Could Climate Change Lead to a Global Water Crisis?
Andrea Guthmann | February 6, 2018 7:29 pm
Officials in Cape Town, South Africa, say they could soon be the first major city to run out of water.
Michael Tiboris, a global water fellow at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, cites three main reasons for Cape Town's crisis:
• Climate change: Most cities were built on sites where stable, expected water resources could be exploited. Climate change moves those resources away from those centers.
• Urbanization: Cape Town's population has grown by 30 percent since 2000
• Political: No one wants to be the one to demand people reduce water consumption or require that people pay more for water. It's not going to make anyone popular with voters.
Here in the Midwest, another water controversy is spilling into the headlines: Wisconsin's Department of Natural Resources says it will decide within 90 days whether to give Foxconn, an electronics manufacturer building a factory near Racine, permission to divert seven million gallons of water a day out of Lake Michigan.
(waywardtraveler / Flickr)
Tiboris is concerned that Foxconn will not only remove too much water from Lake Michigan, but potentially dump water polluted by chemicals and metal back into the lake. "The real question is, will they be regulated and will those regulations be enforced," Tiboris said.
He points to the environmental restrictions created by the 2008 Great Lakes Compact, approved by all eight Great Lakes states, as one way to safeguard this important natural resource. "One of the things necessary to avoid a Cape Town-like water crisis is long-term, thoughtful, flexible compacts like this one," he said. "The Great Lakes Compact is a rare example of this. There aren't that many other agreements like this in the world. But it's only as strong as the enforcement."
Will water become scarce because of climate change and what policies can we implement to keep water safe and avoid shortages? Tiboris joins us in discussion.
Chicago Sues U.S. Steel Over Lake Michigan Pollution
Jan. 24: The city's lawsuit comes a week after attorneys at the University of Chicago filed their own lawsuit against the steel corporation. "This Great Lake is our most precious natural resource and we must preserve and protect it," Mayor Rahm Emanuel said in a statement.
EPA's Pruitt Wants Lead-Free Drinking Water, But Offers No Plan
Jan. 19: EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt told representatives of a children's health group last week that he wants to eliminate lead from drinking water within 10 years, but he has yet to offer a strategy to meet the goal.
$300M for Great Lakes Program Passes Hurdle in Senate
Nov. 21: A key federal program responsible for protecting the Great Lakes is one step closer to being fully funded after it was targeted for massive cuts earlier this year in President Donald Trump's proposed budget.
Michael Tiboris


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Tabitha Whiting
5 Fast Fashion Brands To Avoid At All Costs
Photo by Fernand De Canne on Unsplash
Fast fashion refers to the business model which replicates catwalk high-fashion trends, mass-producing for the mainstream consumer to purchase at a much lower cost.
It's a model which thrives on constantly developing new styles, moving away from the traditional seasonal basis of new fashion lines being released. The low prices and constant new trends push consumers to buy new styles of clothing monthly, weekly — even daily. And it's not helped by social media influencers who are now commonly paid to showcase and recommend these new styles, even creating their own lines in some cases.
Of course, this business model is far from sustainable. …
Have you heard of the Bechdel test? It's your new favourite way to choose films
Plus, how to make a stand with your next Netflix binge
Photo by Jakob Owens on Unsplash
Have you ever noticed that female characters in film tend to take a backseat? Their role in the plot is all too often solely as the love interest or family member of a male protagonist. Women on screen also tend to be highly sexualised — think of the James Bond films, Tomb Raider, or pretty much every rom-com ever made.
Well, what if you could screen films before you watch to make sure women aren't represented in this way? That's where the Bechdel Test comes in.
Alison Bechdel brought the idea of the test into life in her 1985 cartoon Dykes to Watch Out For, wherein a character explains the three rules they use when choosing which film to…
Should you swap to a renewable energy provider to reduce your environmental impact?
Photo by Alex Eckermann on Unsplash
Renewable energy is energy generated by a replenishable source, such as solar (sun), wind, rivers (hydroelectric), tides (tidal), or biomass. This stands in opposition to energy from fossil fuels — coal, oil, or natural gas — which are a finite resource, as well as being incredibly harmful to the environment.
Energy is generated from fossil fuels by burning them, which also releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, directly contributing to global warming and climate change in a dangerous way. …
Recycle, Reuse, and Don't Forget to Keep on Buying More of Our Products— H&M's Biggest Greenwash Yet
H&M, what are you playing at?
I've written previously on the truth behind H&M's Conscious collection — a range of clothing from this fast fashion giant which claims to be 'sustainable style'. Recently they've been making an even bigger noise about their so-called 'sustainability' credentials, splashing out on advertising campaigns and social media posts that give the impression to the unsuspecting customer that H&M are a company that truly cares about our planet. So let's explore that.
First up is their recent advert, titled 'Let's change. For tomorrow' which focuses on the materials they use in production — reycling, reusing, and using organic and sustainably sources materials. …
Published in Age of Awareness
5 Words We Need to Stop Using in Climate Change Conversations
I'm not saying that language is what's stopping us from adequately addressing the climate emergency. But I am saying that it has a part to play, and that some of the words commonly used around the topic of climate change are problematic. Here are 5 of those words.
Photo by Ross Findon on Unsplash
Let's start with the obvious one: change. 'Climate change' is now the most commonly used phrase to describe the long-term shifts in weather conditions and temperature caused by human-generated greenhouse gases.
It used to be described as global warming — but, quite rightly, there was a feeling that 'warming' did not truly reflect the reality of the impacts this phenomemon is responsible for, suggesting temperature changes alone. …
Read more in Age of Awareness · 5 min read
Published in Climate Conscious
Facts Don't Change Our Minds — We Need a New Approach to Communicating About Climate Change
Ed Hawkins: annual global temperatures from 1850–2017
From percentages of emissions to net-zero targets, the way that we frame the climate emergency tends to centre around facts and statistics.
That isn't terribly surprising given the substantial history of climate denial fuelled by oil and gas companies, and the politicians and business leaders who benefit financially from said companies. Climate scientists and environmentalists were fighting just to prove that climate change existed, and that led to placing climate science and fact-based discourse at the forefront.
Unbelievably, there are still climate deniers out there, but there is a general acceptance today that climate change is real and the researchers aren't making it up. What remains a struggle is persuading people that a) climate change isn't just a distant problem and it's happening right now and b) that the problem is bad enough to be deemed an emergency and should be a political priority. …
Read more in Climate Conscious · 5 min read
Should you swap your car for a bike to reduce your environmental impact?
In 1908 Henry Ford made the car affordable to all. He revolutionised car manufacturing with his Model T car, which used an assembly line production technique for the first time, making it quicker and easier to manufacture a car with less labour — and therefore reducing the sale price.
Since then, cars have dominated the transport industry. It's not unusual for an average household to have two, even three or four, cars sat outside.
We've got used to having our own personal mode of transport, and it's not something many of us want to give up. But cars are also responsible for a high proportion of greenhouse gas emissions, contributing heavily to climate change. So is getting rid of your car, and swapping it for a bike instead, the best option if you want to reduce your environmental impact as an individual? …
I'm not boycotting Oatly (yet)
10% of Oatly is now owned by Blackstone, and its customers aren't happy. But I'm not boycotting Oatly — here's why.
Oatly has been killing it over the past couple of years. There's no denying that. What was born as a small Swedish company is now a globally recognisable brand on our supermarket shelves.
They've brought oat milk to the masses. They survived being sued by the milk industry in Sweden for their use of the word 'milk'. And loyal customers worldwide now recognise their distinct brand voice, standing out as the anarchist 'oat punks' of the milk world.
Published in UX Collective
We need to retrofit our buildings to address the climate emergency
The role of buildings and the importance of energy efficiency in the climate crisis.
Photo by Nick Seagrave on Unsplash
An average home in the UK consumes 12,000 kWh of gas and 3,100 kWh of electricity every year (Ofgem data). That represents carbon emissions of around 3,067kg every year, the equivalent of flying over 30,000km by plane.
When we think of our carbon emissions it's usually transport or manufacturing that comes to mind. But, in fact, the energy we consume in our home accounts for 30% of our total energy use in the UK and 20% of our carbon emissions — a pretty large proportion.
But the thing is that this high home energy use is completely unnecessary.
Much of the energy we use within our homes is simply wasted. This is because our housing stock is highly inefficient. Most of this energy is used on heating our homes, but issues like draughty, single-glazed windows, ill-fitting doors, open fireplaces, lack of insulation, bad ventilation, and more, means that much of this heat energy is immediately lost through the cracks — literally. …
Read more in UX Collective · 6 min read
Climate change is also a problem of racial justice
Tackling the climate crisis means tackling racial injustice- why every climate activist should be backing Black Lives Matter
Photo credit: Unsplash.
On the surface, climate change and racism may seem like significant, but very separate, issues. But you don't have to dig very deep to start seeing the connections between the two.
This has always been the case, so I'm wary of suggesting that now is a good time to 'start' talking about these connections. However, there has certainly been increased attention on and awareness about racism following George Floyd's tragic death at the hands of police in Minneapolis, and the Black Lives Matter protests which erupted worldwide following his death. …
Ramblings on communication and our climate crisis🌱


text:
Sean Michael Boozer
Sean Michael Boozer is a multicultural actor and writer born and raised in Phoenix, AZ. After graduating from Northern Arizona University with a degree in Eng Lit, Sean Michael considered going to law school until he worked for an attorney. This experience promptly sent him into stand-up then Improv and eventually LA. Since moving to LA, Sean Michael has long running MainStage shows at The Second City and iOWest as Greene Boozer Elixir and stage has provided a Drama Critics Circle Award, Fringe Show and Improv Actor honors.
Sean Michael is a The Second City Directing Alumni and Teacher and also a fancy TV Academy Member, SAG-AFTRA Delegate and Reluctant Producer. "In between gigs" Sean Michael taught high school and is still a big advocate of children and arts education, mentoring with Young Storytellers, which provides underserved public school students the opportunity to write stories and see them brought to life through performance. Sean Michael continues to teach at the SAG Conservatory at AFI.
A few highlights…
Television – Sean Michael is in APPLETV's DR DRE PILOT VITAL SIGNS, Sean Michael and EMMY AWARD WINNER MICHAEL CHIKLIS tortured a suspect on THE SHIELD, kept FINOLA HUGHES and KATHLEEN GATI as Cpt. Devane and Dr. Orecht from killing each other in my surveillance van on GENERAL HOSPITAL, helped ED O'NEILL crack a case on LA DRAGNET with EVA LANGORIA.
Film – Sean Michael has had the honor of being directed by both legendary comedy director, EMMY AWARD WINNER, JOHN LANDIS and WGA and GOLDEN GLOBE Nom. DAVID O. RUSSELL.
Stage – Sean Michael is the winner of Drama Beat Newspaper's IMPROVISER OF THE YEAR and a Drama Critics Circle Award and FRINGE SHOW Honors.
Training – Sean Michael has been fortunate enough to study with not only some of the best working talent (actors and directors) but also those who are great teachers; WENDY DAVIS (Army Wives), MARY STEIN (Grinch, MIB2) and two-time EMMY WINNER LARRY DRAKE (L.A. Law).


I play Candy Crush Soda and there used to be an icon in the top right corner of my screen, under another icon that is still there. It used to contain Quests or Challenges and it showed my progress with those challenges. It's now gone. The quests used to give me boosters to help me along in the game. The levels I am on are very difficult to get through without boosters, so I need this icon back. I tried contacting customer support, but they just sent me here. Can anyone help?
Hi @ujprb, thank you for posting here in the community. Yes the quests have been taken off. If you would like to express this further please click on the link below as I am directing all players with this issue to add a message there.


text:
Q: Append to a File I am trying to write a java program that appends the current date and time of the system to a log file (that gets run by a batch file at my computer startup). Here's is my code.
public class LogWriter {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        /* open the write file */
        FileOutputStream f=null;
        PrintWriter w=null;

        try {
            f=new FileOutputStream("log.txt");
            w=new PrintWriter(f, true);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Can't write file");
        }

        /* replace this with your own username */
        String user="kumar116";
        w.append(user+"\t");

        /* c/p http://www.mkyong.com/java/java-how-to-get-current-date-time-date-and-calender/ */
        DateFormat dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy/MM/dd HH:mm:ss");
        Date date = new Date();
        w.append(dateFormat.format(date)+'\n');

        /* close the write file*/
        if(w!=null) {
            w.close();
        }

    }

}

The problem is, it's not appending :) to the file. Can someone point out what is the problem here ?
Thanks in advance.

A: PrintWriter#append does not append data to a file. Instead it performs a direct write using the Writer. You need to declare your FileOutputStream constructor using an append flag:
f = new FileOutputStream("log.txt", true);
w = new PrintWriter(f); // autoflush not required provided close is called

The append method may still be used or more convenient is println which will not require a newline character to be added:
w.println(dateFormat.format(date));

The autoflush flag in the PrintWriter constructor is not required provided close is called. close should appear in a finally block.

A: The PrintWriter constructor doesn't take a parameter for deciding to append to a file or not.  It controls autoflushing.
Create a FileOutputStream (which can control whether to append to a file), then wrap that stream in your PrintWriter.
try {
    f=new FileOutputStream("log.txt", true);
    w=new PrintWriter(f, true);  // This true doesn't control whether to append
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


I wanted to build a plexiglass led lamp but i had some technical difficulties in the past (either the lack of tools or plexiglass) and my luck changed for a bit and i've found one piece of 8mm plexiglass.
As i've said before i found a piece of 8mm plexiglass that still had the protected film on one side and on the other double sided tape. I've tried to peel it off but without success...then i've asked google how i can remove double sided tape without sticky residue... i've received several answers regarding this topic and i've tried several of them but the most impressive / efficient was WD-40.
With several paper towels soaked in wd-40 laid over the double sided tape and with an waiting time of 30-40 minutes miracle happen: i was able to take out the tape without any sticky residue. If you want you can check the video below to see how it went.
The other aspect - lack of tools - i've cover it over time ;)). So all the aspects were covered - so i haven`t had a reason not to do it anymore.
The build was a mix of cutting and sanding mdf and plexiglass with some soldering at the end. But to reach the end first i had to make a small box from mdf (i had a piece big enough for this project).
Cutting the pieces (mdf, plexiglass) went smoothly using the table saw because i've made a rough sketch how the lamp should look like. But i didn't imagine how much sanding will imply... you can see from the build video that i had different clothes when sanding.
With the box made and the pieces of plexiglass sanded i was time to choose the graphics for the lamp - and lately i've heard several discussion about starcraft and the fact that starcraft was / is one of my favorite computer games of all times.
I've choosen some drawings that i liked and started to engrave them on plexiglass. There are several techniques how to put your design for engraving purposes but for me it was easier to put it below the plexiglass and trace the lines with my dremel tool (with a diamond tip).
plexiglass piece) and one controller.
-i`ve secured the led strips using electrical tape (over the contact / cutting points) and some aluminium tape between them for better lighting.


This study investigates the teacher oral corrective feedback in a non-formal conversation class of EFL adult learner context in Indonesia. The study aims at finding out the types of oral corrective feedback that employed by the teacher and how the teacher implement the oral corrective feedback to adult students. The study was conducted in a private conversation class of an English course in Bandung. The course provides private conversation classes mostly for adult learners with private teaching method. The participants were one non-native English teacher and three adult private students. This study mainly employs a qualitative research design, embracing the characteristics of a case study. The data were collected through observation and stimulated recall interview. The observation was done twelve times for each student to capture the types of teacher's corrective feedback and the uptake that might come up following different types of oral corrective feedback. The data consists of thirty six hours of interaction between the English teacher and the students. The interactions were recorded and transcribed, and then coded according to the categorization of oral corrective feedback models by Lyster and Ranta (1997) and Ellis (2009). The data were also obtained from stimulated recall interview to confirm the data findings gained from observation and reveal the teacher's comments on employing different types of corrective feedback. The result shows that teacher used all types of corrective feedback with recast as the most frequent type of oral corrective feedback that was used by the teacher in teaching the adult students. In implementing the oral corrective feedback to adult students, the teacher mainly paid attention on three types of error (grammatical, lexical, and phonological) with the most frequent attention on grammatical error and the most tolerant one on phonological error. Regarding the uptake, it was found that each corrective feedback had different effect on the students' uptake. The effect can be seen in the number of repairs as the sign that the students successfully responded to the teacher's oral corrective feedback. It was also found that the teacher tends to be instinctively in giving corrective feedback as spontaneous correction.;---Penelitian ini membahas tentang teacher oral corrective feedback pada kelas EFL conversation siswa dewasa di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe-tipe oral corrective feedback yang digunakan oleh guru dan bagaimana guru tersebut menngimplementasikan oral corrective feedback pada siswa dewasa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di sebuah kelas conversation pada sebuah kursus privat Bahasa Inggris di Bandung. Kursus tersebut menyediakan kelas conversation terutama untuk siswa dewasa dengan metode privat. Partisipan pada penelitian ini terdiri dari seorang guru dan tiga siswa dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan karakteristik studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi dan stimulated recall interview. Observasi dilakukan sebanyak dua belas kali pada setiap siswa untuk mengetahui tipe corrective feedback yang digunakan oleh guru dan uptake yang muncul setelahnya. Data terdiri dari tiga puluh enam jam interaksi antara guru dan siswa. Interaksi tersebut direkam dan ditranskrip, kemudian dikelompokkan berdasarkan model kategori oral corrective feedback oleh Lyster dan Ranta (1997) dan Ellis (2009). Data juga diambil melalui stimulated recall interview untuk mengkonfirmasi data hasil observasi serta komentar guru tentang penggunaan tipe oral corrective feedback yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa guru menggunakan semua tipe oral corrective feedback dengan recast sebagai tipe yang paling sering digunakan oleh guru ketika mengajar siswa dewasa. Dalam mengimplementasikan oral corrective feedback pada siswa dewasa, guru menitikberatkan pada tiga jenis error (grammatical, lexical, phonological) dengan perhatian terbesar pada grammatical error dan terkecil pada phonological error. Kaitannya dengan uptake, ditemukan bahwa setiap corrective feedback memiliki efek yang berbeda pada uptake siswa. Efeknya dapat dilihat pada jumlah repair yang merupakan tanda bahwa siswa telah berhasil merespon oral corrective feedback yang diberikan oleh guru. Ditemukan pula bahwa guru cenderung memberikan oral corrective feedback berdasarkan insting sebagai koreksi yang spontan.
No. Panggil : T B.ING SUB t-2016; Pembimbing : I. Dadang Sudana.
oral corrective feedback, error, adult learners, siswa dewasa.


text:
from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
from . import conditions_combinations as combinations

class Condition(ABC):
    """Base interface of conditions"""

    @abstractmethod
    def __call__(self, context):
        """Execute condition

        Args:
            context (dict): execution context

        Returns:
            bool
        """

    def __and__(self, other):
        """Combine current condition with another one using the & operator

        Returns:
            AndCondition
        """
        return combinations.AndCondition([self, other])

    def __or__(self, other):
        """Combine current condition with another one using the | operator

        Returns:
            OrCondition
        """
        return combinations.OrCondition([self, other])

class StaticCondition(Condition):
    def __init__(self, value):
        """
        Args:
            value (bool): value returned by condition
        """
        self._value = value

    def __call__(self, context):
        """Execute condition

        Args:
            context (dict): execution context

        Returns:
            bool
        """
        return self._value

class FalseCondition(StaticCondition):
    """Condition that always return False"""

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(False)

class TrueCondition(StaticCondition):
    """Condition that always return True"""

    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__(True)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: pre_get_posts not limiting posts per pages I have set up the following in my functions.php to raise the limit of posts being shown when doing a public search:

    if ( ! is_admin() && $query->is_search) {
        $query->set('posts_per_page', 20);

    }
}
add_action( 'pre_get_posts', 'search_results_query' );

But however much I tried to modify it, I don't seem to have any effect. What am I missing?

A: You are missing part of your code but do you have $query set to pass through your function?
function search_results_query( $query ) {

I just tested your code and set it to 1 using the 2019 theme and it worked fine with the above.

A: Thank you, the problem was that the theme had already set the posts per pages. I managed to change the number of posts from the appearance menu. The page template had already theme actions and hooks and I have a limited understanding yet of it all, but I think that was what was interfering with my hook. Or I just simply didn't understand fully how to hook it up properly. Either way, I resolved it.


Air Deccan's G.R. Gopinath: Mad Scientist or a Brilliant Visionary?
On Monday, January 8, 2018, the Italian Court of Appeal of Milan has acquitted Giuseppe Orsi, former President of Italian defence and aerospace major Finmeccanica and Bruno Spagnolin, former CEO of its subsidiary AgustaWestland, of corruption charges involving a multi-crore deal with India for VVIP helicopters.
Eric Chen, previously President of Airbus Commercial Aircraft China, succeeds Laurence Barron as Chairman of Airbus China. George Xu has been appointed CEO of Airbus China.
Airbus' Commercial Aircraft deliveries in 2017 were up for the 15th year in a row, reaching a new record of 718 aircraft delivered to 85 customers.
Raksha Mantri Nirmala Sitharaman has cleared the procurement of 240 bombs, at a cost of 1254 crore from M/s JSC Rosonboron Exports, Russia.
On January 18, 2018, India has successfully test-fired its most lethal, indigenously-designed and built 5000km range intercontinental, surface-to-surface, nuclear-capable ballistic missile Agni-V.
The PAK FA Programme involves the design, production and delivery of a fifthgeneration fighter aircraft to the Russian Air Force which will increase its combat potential.
Amid fresh UN-imposed sanctions on North Korea and further bellicose threats made by Pyongyang, Japanese and South Korean media have reported that their respective governments are considering additional F-35 Joint Strike Fighter orders.
The UAE has expressed interest in purchasing India's indigenous Astra BVRAAM to arm its fleet of Mirage 2000-9 fighter aircraft.
Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD) System of DRDO has successfully scored a direct hit on incoming missile on December 28, 2017 from Dr Abdul Kalam Island off the coast of Odisha.
A recent flight by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China's Wing Loong II has set a new record with the UAV hitting five successive targets with five separate types of missiles.
HAL has received a RFP from the IAF and the Indian Army for 15 Light Combat Helicopters (LCH). The LCH is a 5.5-tonne class, combat helicopter designed and developed by HAL.
MDA has almost tripled its production orders for Terminal High Altitude Area Defence (THAAD) interceptors from the system's manufacturer, Lockheed Martin.


I began bartending in a pub three years ago, until a friend introduced me to cocktail bars… and that was it for me. I fell in love and I've been working in cocktail bars ever since. Every spare moment I have I study classic cocktail books and recipes and learn from the best in Warsaw. I have been working at Woda Ognista for nearly a year now and I love it.
I'd definitely open a tiki bar with a classic Polynesian feel in California or the Caribbean. It would be on the beach and hold around 30 people. I want a bar that's all about the drinks, 70's soul music and having fun.
In the bar industry we need to find time to look after ourselves. Unfortunately I don't get a lot of free time, but when I do I tend to swim or cycle.
Most of the classic cocktails I like use gin, so I'd have to say gin. I really enjoy using The Botanist and Sipsmith at the moment.
I think what matters the most is balance of flavours.
Actually I like vermouth as it is an ingredient I use in most of my drinks, I especially like Punt es Mes.
Go to interview Jakub Sokołowski at Charlie, in Warsaw. Adrian Szpadzik from Brush Barber Shop in Łódź. And of course Emil Oponowicz from Woda Ognista.


text:
layout: postag
title: 'NOUN'
shortdef: 'noun'
udver: '2'
---

### Definition

Nouns are a part of speech typically denoting a person, place, thing, animal or idea.

### Examples

- _nengyugh-_ "granmother (base)",
- _nengyuqa_ "my grandmother"
- _nengyunllu_ "your grandmother"

If a word is further analyzed into morphemes, noun-yielding derivational morphemes are tagged as `NOUN`. These include noun-elaborating suffixes (N→N) that attach to nominal roots and yield nominal bases and nominalizing suffixes (V→N) that attach to verbal roots and yield nominal bases.

### Examples

- _-ghllag(N→N)_ "big N" (as in _sikigllaget_ "big squirrels")
- _-ngugh(V→N)_ "one that is V" (as in _kavilnguq_ "one that is red")

The `NOUN` tag is intended for common nouns only. See [PRON]() for pronouns.

<!-- Interlanguage links updated Po lis 14 15:34:33 CET 2022 -->


text:
1-Bromo-hexano é um haloalcano líquido de fórmula . Seu índice de refração é 1,4478 (20 °C, D).

Ele é usado para produzir fármacos e outros compostos orgânicos.

Ligações externas
 Safety MSDS data

Organobrometos

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
АО «Свердловская пригородная компания» (АО «СПК») — один из крупнейших в России железнодорожных перевозчиков в пригородном сообщении. АО «СПК» осуществляет пассажирские перевозки на территории Свердловской, Тюменской, Челябинской, Курганской, Оренбургской областей, Республики Башкортостан (участок) и Ханты-Мансийского АО.

История
Компания была создана в июне 2005 года на паритетных началах ОАО «РЖД» и правительством Свердловской области. Запущено междугородное и межрегиональное железнодорожное сообщение по Свердловской и Тюменской областям.

31 августа 2005 года в Екатеринбурге запущена городская электричка. Маршрут соединил станции Екатеринбург-Сортировочный, Екатеринбург-Пассажирский, Уктус, Керамик.

5 августа 2007 года в ежедневное обращение введён рельсовый автобус по маршруту Екатеринбург-Пассажирский – Челябинск-Главный в рамках реализации проекта по ускорению движения пригородных поездов между областными центрами.

12 мая 2006 года городской электричкой перевезен миллионный пассажир.

В 2008 году запущен электропоезд аэропорт «Кольцово» — железнодорожный вокзал Екатеринбург-Пассажирский.

1 октября 2008 года ОАО «СПК» получило статус полноправного перевозчика пассажиров в пригородном сообщении — компании переданы в управление пригородные поезда Свердловской железной дороги.

В 2009 году компания запустила в эксплуатацию собственную инновационную разработку — АСУ Пригородной пассажирской компании. Внедрение системы позволило автоматизировать процессы, связанные с оформлением билетов на пригородные поезда, и оптимизировать расходы на пассажирские перевозки. Элементами АСУ ППК являются АРМ «Кассир», терминал для оформления билетов на пригородные поезда в режиме самообслуживания, информационно-справочный киоск, а также система турникетов. Все они объединены в сеть при помощи беспроводной технологии. Первые работающие образцы терминалов самообслуживания были продемонстрированы общественности осенью 2006 года, а создание и запуск АСУ ППК стало логическим развитием этой идеи. С помощью терминалов пассажиры могут ознакомиться с расписанием и приобрести билеты.

Также в 2009 году компания начала использовать автобусы для междугородных перевозок, в дополнение к действующим железнодорожным маршрутам.

1 января 2010 года ОАО "СПК" приступило к деятельности в качестве перевозчика пассажиров в пригородном сообщении на территории Ханты-Мансийского автономного округа.

С 1 января 2011 года территория обслуживания компании расширилась за счет Челябинской, Курганской и Оренбургской областей — ОАО "СПК" приступило к обслуживанию пригородных поездов Южно-Уральской железной дороги.

17 января 2014 года запущен в эксплуатацию новый дизель-электропоезд серии ДТ1, который будет курсировать на маршрутах с комбинированным видом тяги (электрифицированные и неэлектрифицированные участки) на направлении Екатеринбург-Пассажирский – Егоршино – Алапаевск – Нижний Тагил.

5 ноября 2015 года при поддержке СвЖД и Правительства Свердловской области на маршрутах Екатеринбург-Нижний Тагил и Екатеринбург-Каменск-Уральский были запущены инновационные электропоезда ЭС2Г «Ласточка». Это подвижной состав нового поколения отечественного производства, спроектированный с учетом российских климатических особенностей, технологических стандартов, специальных требований к безопасности и защите окружающей среды, и отвечающий пожеланиям самого требовательного пассажира. Каждый вагон «Ласточки» оборудован климатической установкой, ведется обеззараживание воздуха при помощи ультрафиолетового излучения.

В январе 2016 года электропоезда «Ласточка» были запущены на маршруте Екатеринбург-Кузино.

8 августа 2016 года Свердловская пригородная компания запустила мобильное приложение «Пригород» на всем полигоне присутствия ОАО «СПК»: Свердловской, Тюменской, Курганской, Челябинской, Оренбургской областях и ХМАО-Югре. Мобильное приложение «Пригород» позволяет пассажиру оперативно оформить электронный билет, оформить квитанцию на провоз велосипедов, животных и багажа, посмотреть актуальное расписание и информацию о стоимости проезда, отправить отзыв о качестве полученных услуг. Мобильное приложение внедрили на своих полигонах 12 пригородных компаний.

2 декабря 2017 года состоялся торжественный запуск мультимодального маршрута Челябинск – Миасс – ГЛК «Солнечная долина». Перевозки осуществляются в зимний период по выходным и праздничным дням электропоездом повышенной комфортности с увязкой времени его прибытия на железнодорожный вокзал Миасс и пересадкой на автобус, следующий до курорта и обратно. При этом вагоны поезда оборудованы сидениями самолетного типа, полками для ручной клади, специальными местами для хранения горнолыжного оборудования, а также туалетами в головном и хвостовом вагоне. Общее время в пути - 1 ч. 50 мин.

С 14 по 28 июня 2018 года для перевозки болельщиков во время проведения в Екатеринбурге матчей Чемпионата мира по футболу FIFA 2018™ на Свердловской железной дороге введено дополнительно 74 рейса пригородных поездов на 5 направлениях. 46 дополнительных рейсов с использованием электропоездов «Ласточка» были назначены на маршруте Екатеринбург-Пассажирский – Аэропорт «Кольцово». В электропоездах для удобства пассажиров установлен Wi-Fi.

7 июля 2018 года на маршруте Тюмень – Тобольск запущены новые вагоны, оформленные в туристических брендах «Императорский маршрут» и VisitTyumen. Подвижной состав оборудован в соответствии с современными требованиями комфорта: все вагоны оснащены удобными креслами с персональными аудиомодулями и розетками, системами кондиционирования воздуха, экологически чистыми туалетными комплексами, информационными табло, аппаратами раздачи питьевой воды.

С осени 2022 года электропоезда «Ласточка» начали курсировать по маршруту Екатеринбург - Качканар и Екатеринбург - Красноуфимск.

Деятельность
АО «СПК» обеспечивает потребности населения в перевозках пригородным железнодорожным транспортом на территории Свердловской, Тюменской, Челябинской, Курганской, Оренбургской областей, Республики Башкортостан (частично) и Ханты-Мансийского АО. Заказчиками перевозок являются власти субъектов, которые определяют маршрутную сеть, частоту курсирования пригородных поездов, количество вагонов и стоимость проезда.

Комфортные электропоезда «Ласточка» курсируют по следующим маршрутам:
 Екатеринбург – Нижний Тагил;
 Екатеринбург – Серов (через Нижний Тагил, по определенным дням);
 Екатеринбург – Кузино;
 Екатеринбург – Шаля (через Кузино, по определенным дням);
 Екатеринбург – Каменск-Уральский;
 Екатеринбург – Качканар;
 Аэропорт Кольцово – Качканар;
 Екатеринбург – Красноуфимск;
 Челябинск — Магнитогорск.

На Свердловской железной дороге пригородные поезда курсируют по следующим маршрутам
 Екатеринбург — Аэропорт Кольцово
 Екатеринбург — Дружинино
Екатеринбург — Егоршино — Алапаевск
 Екатеринбург — Каменск-Уральский
 Екатеринбург — Камышлов
 Екатеринбург — Верхний Уфалей
 Екатеринбург — Богданович
 Екатеринбург — Кузино — Шаля
 Екатеринбург — Асбест
 Екатеринбург — Ощепково
 Екатеринбург — Нижний Тагил
 Екатеринбург — Серов — Кушва
 Нижний Тагил — Азиатская
 Нижний Тагил — Верхотурье
 Нижний Тагил — Европейская — Чусовская
 Нижний Тагил — Качканар
 Екатеринбург — Нижняя
 Ощепково — Войновка
 Ощепково — Тюмень
 Тюмень — Заводоуковская — Вагай
 Тюмень — Тобольск
 Тюмень — Ишим
 Ишим — Называевская
 Тавда — Устье-Аха
 Озеро-Андреевское — Войновка — Тюмень — Талица — Ощепково
 Куть-Ях — Сургут
 Екатеринбург — Сосьва

На Южно-Уральской железной дороге пригородные поезда курсируют по следующим маршрутам:
 Челябинск — Магнитогорск-Пассажирский
 Челябинск — Каменск-Уральский
 Челябинск — Каясан
 Челябинск — Шумиха
 Челябинск — Еманжелинск
 Челябинск — Нижняя — Каменск-Уральский
 Челябинск — Полетаево-1
 Челябинск — Златоуст
 Златоуст — Кропачёво
 Шумиха — Курган-Пригородный
 Курган-Пригородный — Макушино — Петухово
 Петухово — Петропавловск
 Петропавловск — Исилькуль
 Курган-Пригородный — Шадринск
 Шадринск — Каменск-Уральский
 Карталы — Орск-Пассажирский
 Карталы — Магнитогорск-Пассажирский
 Карталы — Троицк — Челябинск
 Орск-Пассажирский — Кувандык
 Кувандык — Медногорск — Оренбург
 Айдырля — Орск-Пассажирский
 Рудный Клад — Орск-Пассажирский
 Оренбург — Илецк-1
 Оренбург — Саракташ
 Оренбург — Новосергиевская — Бузулук
 Бузулук — Тюльпан
 Бузулук — Колтубанка

Примечания

Ссылки
www.svrpk.ru официальный сайт Свердловской пригородной компании
СПК на сайте Свердловской железной дороги

Свердловская железная дорога
Пригородные пассажирские компании
Транспорт Курганской области
Железнодорожный транспорт Свердловской области
Железнодорожный транспорт Тюменской области
Железнодорожный транспорт Екатеринбурга
Общественный транспорт Екатеринбурга


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Netanyahu to Thank Trump By Naming Golan Heights Community After Him [VIDEO]
Netanyahu made the proclamation while touring the area with his wife and sons in a video published on his YouTube page.
Golan is the stretch of land located between Syria and Israel and was seized by Israel during the Six-Day War of 1967
The Trump name could soon find itself gracing a new planned community in a hotly contested location — the Golan Heights. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced via video Tuesday that he intends to introduce a resolution to have a new Jewish community named after President Donald Trump in gratitude for his decision to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the area.
"I'm here on the beautiful Golan Heights," Netanyahu said, arm around his wife. "All Israelis were deeply moved when President Trump made his historic decision to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the Golan Heights. Therefore after the Passover holiday I intend to bring to the government a resolution calling for a new community on the Golan Heights named after President Donald J. Trump."
Last month, Trump broke with years of precedent and signaled a major shift in U.S. policy when he said it was time to recognize Israel's sovereignty over the strategic territory that the Jewish state captured from Syria in 1967.
"After 52 years it is time for the United States to fully recognize Israel's Sovereignty over the Golan Heights, which is of critical strategic and security importance to the State of Israel and Regional Stability!" Trump tweeted.
Here's PM Netanyahu on the Golan Heights talking about Trump:


Morel Mushrooms are prized mushrooms as they only grown in the wild and are not cultivated. With a wonderful woodsy and buttery flavour, they are will suited to mild meats, particularly veal. The honeycomb shaped cap distinguishes these delightful mushrooms.
Easily re-hydrated Morels Whole will rehydrate 3-4 times their dry weight.


Your Des Moines destination for fireworks in 2019!
We will be opening multiple locations in June, 2019.
As lifelong fireworks enthusiasts, we are passionate about selling high-quality fireworks to new and loyal customers. We are extremely knowledgeable and take pride in only selling the best performing products available at exceptional prices.
Blazing Glory is one of Iowa's first Firework retailers and we sell the lowest costing fireworks in Des Moines Iowa. We look forward to serving you to make your fourth of July memorable for the whole family!


Who is Neil Smith?... Where is he from and what does he like?
After leaving school, I opted to enter the hospitaliy market and study hotel management under a City and Guilds modern apprenticeship. My first role was working in reception at the Jarvis International Hotel in Watford, Hertfordshire, before moving to a smaller individual hotel called Tewinbury Farm Hotel in Welwyn, Hertfordshire.
At Tewinbury, I worked in the reception team, before moving into Reservations and Conferencing. Part of this role involved learning how the internal hotel reservations system (IGS Hotel) worked as well as learning about the reservations and local conference market in general.
From using the IGS Hotel system, I began to show and gain interest in hotel technology as well as general IT and networking essentials, including Novell Netware, print sharing and network topology. With this knowledge I began to fill the role of IT administrator at Tewinbury and was asked to produce a website for the hotel.
This was my first introduction to websites, the web and the internet. I constructed the website using Microsoft Frontpage and produced the website in a couple weeks. It was a very simple brochure website, but I was inspired and driven to learn more.
From Tewinbury, I took a greater challenge of helping a new luxury boutique hotel. A renovation project in Hertfordshire, that needed advice and help in setting up the hotel from an IT and operations perspective. I started at Coltsfoot Country Retreat in June 2000 with a big challenge ahead. I introduced a Windows Server environment, (Domain Controller, DNS, Email and File / Print Sharing), as well as developing the first website for Coltsfoot, coupled with an online reservation system for the hotel. Full integration was made into the Hotel PMS (RoomMaster 2000).
After being at Coltsfoot for a few years and seeing the place grow I decided to pursue a career within web development and in particular Adobe ColdFusion. I started locally with Tesco.com as a contract HTML developer and designer, before moving to London for my first ColdFusion web development role with the Royal Veterinary College.
After working at the RVC for some time, I decided to combine some time abroad in Andalucia, Spain with my new ColdFusion based role. Having lived the Spanish life and culture for 12 months, I decided to return to the UK to grow my career within web development and online solutions.
This formed the basis of where I am now and how I work now. I have gained great experience in different industries, as well as learning from and meeting some great people along the way. I am now consulting to various clients on a per project and contract basis, providing online web based software applications, websites and solutions.
I enjoy travelling and discovering new places, having travelled to various European countries as well as the USA and Australia. I take a great interest in hospitality and in particular small individual hotels, pubs, inns and unique venues. I also enjoy playing Football and Rugby.


Personalize your Poker Chip Set by customizing text and uploading custom poker chip designs, photos and graphics. By using our state-of-the-art online design system, it will allow you to see your Personalized Poker Chip Sets in real time, expediting production and shipping! Customize your Plush Elegant Poker Chip Set online FREE! If you need assistance from our Custom Poker Chip Design Team, select a Professional Design option below! Check our frequently asked questions (FAQ) page or CHAT Now with one of our representatives if you have any questions about your Plush Elegant Poker Chip Set. Choose from Mahogany, Aluminum, Oak Wood, and Black Aluminum Poker Chip Set Cases for your custom Clay Poker Chip Sets.


text:
Latest News Lifestyle
Nigeria has recorded an additional 1,301 coronavirus cases according to the latest data released by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC). The NCDC made...
United States of America President-elect Joe Biden's administration has rejected the lifting of travel restrictions by the outgoing President of the United States, Donald Trump. On...
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Bet9ja guide 2021: Bet9ja shop, old bet9ja mobile shops, become Bet9ja agent & more
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German Drugstore takes great pride in offering a safe and secure online shopping experience.
Our main payment service provider is PayPal: before you even register or log in to the PayPal site, our server checks that you're using an approved browser – one that uses SSL 3.0 or higher. PayPal servers sit behind an electronic firewall and are not directly connected to the internet, so your private information is available only to authorized computers.
German Drugstore respects and protects your privacy. We will never rent or sell your personal information to anyone.


A Passport is a very important document, more so in order to prove and certify the identity of the passport holder. This identity proof is an official document issued by the government of the country of residence of the individual passport holder. This official identity proof becomes even more important when the individual passport holder needs to travel to and from a foreign country.
In case of traveling within the country with a newborn baby (infants under the age of two years) a valid proof of age and identification such as a birth certificate or passport needs to be carried. But in the case of an international travel, the infant or a minor child needs to have a valid passport during the travel and during the stay at a foreign land.
There is no minimum age for applying for an Indian passport. Even a day old baby can apply for a minor passport after furnishing the requisite documents (as mentioned below) if need be.
Valid proof of present address such as a passport of the parents (in case passport of the parent/s is submitted, it suffices as a valid proof of address too), utility bills (electricity, fixed line telephone connection, or gas connection), Aadhar card, or Voter ID card of the parents.
Declaration signed by the parents of the infant/minor for the issuance of a passport to a minor/infant (Annexure H/G as the scenario may be).
A passport size photo of the infant (for children above the age of 2, the photograph would be taken by the passport office) with white background.
Passport receipt form obtained after submitting the passport online.
How to Apply Passport for Infant in India?
Obtain a valid birth certificate: It is mandatory to register every birth and death in India. Thus, once a child is born, it is almost inevitable to apply for a birth certificate. This birth certificate is the most important identity and age proof of the child which would be useful even in the future. This birth certificate is usually issued by the municipal office of the location of the birth of the baby or any other government body which has been deputed to discharge such duties. The process might take around two weeks to a month.
Register an account on the Indian Passport Office's official website: You need to log on to passportindia.gov and register a new account. During this process, the exact location and address of the Passport Seva Kendra would have to be located which would also become the appointment center for the passport interview. Other details such as a valid email address also need to be provided. Once the registration process is complete, an email is sent which would contain the link to activate your account. Upon successful activation, the online passport application registration process can be initiated. The fee needs to be paid during the online application process.
Visit the Passport Seva Kendra on the pre-decided date of appointment: During the passport application registration process, the individual needs to choose a date and time when he or she would be available to be personally present at the selected Passport Seva Kendra for the further proceedings. In this case, even the minor or the infant needs to be present. Direct walk-in is permitted for passport applications made by senior citizens and infants. Thus they might not even take a prior appointment. In case an online appointment has been taken, it is important to carry a print out of the appointment receipt while visiting the Passport Seva Kendra.
Just as in case of any other passport application, a passport application for a minor can also be submitted online. However, in the case of online submission, the parents along with the infant need to visit a Passport Seva Kendra situated in the locality or nearby, just as in any other case of passport application. The parents of the infant, however, need to take a print out of Annexure D from the passport Seva Kendra website and sign it duly. This annexure long with the list of documents mentioned above and the printed copy of the Passport Seva Kendra receipt needs to be taken while going for passport application appointment at the Passport Seva Kendra. It should be remembered that such an appointment is taken online while submitting the application form.
In case of minors, passport fees also depend on the age of the minor (different validity period since once the minor turns 18 years of age, he or she needs to apply for a fresh passport individually).


Brick or Treat is back at LEGOLAND® Windsor Resort this Halloween along with the annual 3D Fireworks Spectacular. Enter a spooky world of bricks and monsters. Help build a miniature LEGO® pumpkin patch in Miniland and meet some of the monsters set to take up residence in upcoming Haunted House attraction coming in 2019. Then enjoy the famous LEGOLAND Windsor Fireworks display, complete with music and special 3D LEGO effects. The Summer of Fun may be ending soon but there is still plenty of fun to be had at LEGOLAND Windsor Resort this Autumn.
Brick or Treat is back at the LEGOLAND® Windsor Resort this October, featuring spectacular 3D LEGO® themed fireworks.
Little ones can get stuck into a range of spooky activities throughout the Brick or Treat season, including October half term dates, with the chance to meet everyone's favourite spook-tacular costume characters Frankie, the friendly monster, Lord Vampyre and Orange Brick. Guests can help to create an awesome Brick or Treat themed LEGO® Mosaic, before building their own pumpkin to add to our unique LEGO and DUPLO® pumpkin patch.
Bring the little ones along in their best Brick or Treat fancy dress with a chance to win the Resort costume competition, and see the world's smallest LEGO pumpkin patch in Miniland!
On 20/21 and 26/27 October the skies will light up with a truly spectacular 3D fireworks display, inspired by the awesome world of LEGO. Guests can expect a magnificent, truly memorable display, perfectly choreographed to a dynamic soundtrack. Just don't forget your LEGO 3D glasses to see the fireworks explode into thousands of tiny LEGO bricks*!
PLUS, with so much to see and do there's never been a better time to book a spooky short break, hotel guests can enjoy Brick or Treat themed entertainment in the evening, with LEGOLAND favourite Ollie the Dragon hosting Ollie's Campfire Stories for little ones to enjoy before bedtime.
Brick or Treat runs from Thursday 18 October to Thursday 1 November. Fireworks will take place on 20/21/26/27 October.
Premium themed family rooms (2 adults/ 2 children) available from £159pp between 18 October and 01 November 2018. Including breakfast, park tickets for two days and early access to select rides in the Resort. Plus special exclusive benefits including drinks vessels, swim bags, factory bricks and exclusive pop badges.
Themed family rooms (2 adults/ 2 children) available from £127pp between 18 October and 01 November 2018. Including breakfast, park tickets for two days and early access to select rides in the Resort.
*3D glasses available to purchase at the Resort on the day.


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The Law Offices of David Fried, PC
CALL FOR A FREE CONSULTATION!
254 South Main Street, Suite 310
New City, New York 10956
David@dfjustice.com
Criminal Representation
Divorce Representation
Civil Representation
Family Court Representation
Surrogate Court Representation
© 2014 - The Law Offices of David Fried, PC - Proudly created by Adam Gonzalez - 2019
MEET THE LEGAL TEAM THATS RIGHT FOR YOU.
The hallmark of David's practice is the incredible experience he offers his clients. A graduate of the world-renowned Cardozo School of Law in New York City, David Fried serves as a criminal and civil court judge in New York. He has worked for government leaders including the President of the United States and was elected to the Legislature in his home county. David knows that in selecting an attorney to represent you, experience matters most.
Ranked by the Hudson Valley Business Journal as one of New York's top ten newsmakers, David Fried has a diverse record of experience at the federal, state, and local levels.
David is a former Legislator, the 2013 Democratic Party nominee for County Executive of Rockland County, a candidacy that was endorsed by President Bill Clinton and New York Governor Andrew Cuomo, and is a Judge in the Village of Spring Valley, presiding over criminal and civil cases.
Starting at the age of 30, David presided over one of New York's busiest courts. He also led Drug Court and the specialized Domestic Violence Court, for which he secured over $1 million in federal grants.
As a Legislator, David earned the rank of Deputy Majority Leader and chaired the Committee on Public Safety and Homeland Security. His legislative record includes progressive legislation that enhanced opportunities for local small business owners, made prescription medications affordable for the uninsured, fought discrimination in the workplace and in communities, and combated identity theft.
Prior to serving in elected office, David served as a Presidential Aide to Bill and Hillary Clinton, traveling domestically and internationally with America's First Family.
David Fried attended Manhattanville College where he was graduated with the rank of Magna Cum Laude, earning a bachelor's degree in Political Science and Psychology. He continued his education at the world-renowned Cardozo School of Law, graduating with a Juris Doctorate in Constitutional Law. David has also received numerous certifications for training completed in Israel and studied the dynamics of law enforcement from an international perspective with a 2008 visit to London as a guest of New Scotland Yard.
In addition to practicing as an attorney, David Fried has utilized his law degree to teach at local colleges and in the police academy. He is on the advisory councils of the Police Hispanic Society and the Holocaust Museum and Study Center, a role he holds close to his heart as the grandson of Auschwitz survivors. He has earned numerous citations for his public service from community-based organizations, labor unions, law enforcement agencies, and all levels of government.
Managing Attorney
David Fried, Esq.
Adam Gonzalez
Mr. Gonzalez attended and graduated from the prestigious St. Thomas Aquinas College (STAC) with a dual major in Criminal Justice and Psychology. While attending STAC, Mr. Gonzalez worked for the United States Secret Service, Westchester Field Office, as an intern who assisted federal agents in investigations and other various field work. It is from this unique experience that Adam developed his keen understanding of both the criminal and civil law. He also is a leader in his surrounding community and volunteered in several programs to benefit the elderly, underprivileged, and general public. Today, Adam works full time at The Law Offices of David Fried, PC as the Director of Administration. In this capacity, Adam is David's lead executive coordinating office policy, logistics, and client services. His responsibilities are of a supervisory role wherein he oversees financing, marketing, client communications, document drafting, legal research, and several other areas of service.
B.S., St. Thomas Aquinas College – Criminal Justice
B.S., St. Thomas Aquinas College – Psychology
Dowling Gardens – Senior Living Community
NYC Midnight Run Program
Jiu Jitsu, Hiking, NY/NJ Trail Conference Trail Maintainer and Fishing
Elizaveta Korotkova, Esq.
Elizaveta ("Leeza") Korotkova is a 2010 graduate of Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University. She was admitted to practice law in the State and Federal Court of New Jersey in 2010 and the State of New York in 2011. She is also admitted to practice in all four of the United States District Courts of New York including the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Prior to joining The Law Offices of David Fried, PC as an Associate Attorney, Leeza represented claimants in Workers' Compensation, Social Security Disability, New York State Retirement and personal injury actions. Additionally, she has extensive experience with insurance defense and criminal defense. She has handled cases at all stages of litigation, including through trial and appeal.
Since joining The Law Offices of David Fried, PC, Leeza has advised and assisted clients in a wide-spectrum of legal issues ranging from criminal defense to family court proceedings. Leeza knows how to tackle sensitive legal issues confronting many of the firm's clients with compassion and above all, zealous representation.
When she's not assisting clients, Leeza volunteers at A Good Dog Rescue in Verplanck, New York.
B.A., SUNY Binghamton University
J.D., Elisabeth Haub School of Law at Pace University
Godfrey Osorio
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Q: How do I force JScrollPane to only scroll vertical? Guys, I need to put some buttons in a jscrollpanel, but the JScrollPane won't create a scroll vertically. I'm using a JPanel inside the JScrollPane which is using the simple FlowLayout layout. How can I make the JScrollPanel to scroll only in the vertical??
Problem:

Desired Solution:

A: The fact you use a JScrollPane changes quite a few things concerning the internal FlowLayout. indeed, when the FlowLayout tries to layout contained JButtons, it use for that the available space. In your case, you don't have limits to the space in the "scrollable client" of your JScrollPane. As a consequence, considering your FlowLayout has infinite space, it uses this space to display items according to it.
So the solution would be to change your scrollable client in order to limit its viewable area to the same than your JScrollPane's JViewport.
However, you would not even in this case have your line returns, as FlowLayout don't really well handle this case.
Were I to be you, I would of course choose an other layout. As GridLayout don't really well handles borders, i think the only reasonible standard layout you can use is GridBagLayout, althgough I fear your dynamic content constraints may require you something even more customizable.

A: JTextArea c = new JTextArea();
c.setLineWrap(true);
c.setWrapStyleWord(false);

This will wrap anything in a text area to the next line without creating a Horizontal Scroll.

A: Use the modified Flow Layout that I posted in this answer: How can I let JToolBars wrap to the next line (FlowLayout) without them being hidden ty the JPanel below them?
It will wrap to the next line and your scrollbar should scroll vertically.

A: Check out the Wrap Layout

A: scrollbar = new Scrollbar(Scrollbar.VERTICAL);

A: Or you could use a JList.
See this site for more info: http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/uiswing/components/list.html
the example class: ListDialog uses only a vertical scrollbar, when the window is resized or the elements don't fit the view.