"Why did this happen to us?" That was the question posed to me by one of my ten-year-olds as we sat in the tiny room in the ER. The details of that morning are pretty fuzzy so I don't know if was Ella or Hailey, though they both were seeking an answer. We were waiting for Hailey's oxygen levels to be back to normal so they could release us. My response, in my desperate attempt to make some sense for all of us, went something like this… "I honestly don't know, but I do know there will be answers in the form of silver linings along the way. We will witness positive things that may have never happened without the chaos and despair we are feeling right now." That's what I was taught. Those are the words my mother would have said to me and I clung to them tight that day and still hold them close in my grasp.
Our house burned down at about 3:30am on December 27th. Just about three and a half weeks ago although at times it still feels like it's only been a few days. We'll never know for sure how it started and that's okay with me. We know it began outside, somewhere below the front deck, and it probably had to do with Christmas lights. The blaze was huge by the time it broke the front windows and set off smoke alarms inside. By the time the firefighters arrived, their main focus was on saving the neighboring houses, which thank God they did. Ours was a total loss.
There were seven people in the house and we escaped into the alley with the pajama's on our backs and nothing else. It's a miracle we all got out because once we opened the back door, it created a backdraft and there was no going back in after anyone. My husband, Bob, our daughters, Ella and Hailey, our nieces, Abby and Nicole, my sister, Suzanne, and I are very grateful to have survived. We had amazing neighbors who we'd never met take us in their home. They took care of us like we were family. That was the first silver lining.
Tragically, our two dogs, Scooter and Scout, were unable to make it out. Scout, our huge 10-month-old white lab, went directly down to the kitchen where his food was kept and was too confused to respond to our calls. Scooter, our six-year-old yellow lab, who initially went outside with us, went back in after his brother. We found out, days later, that though they couldn't make it out the back door, he must have led Scout back up the stairs to the master bathroom and they went to sleep there together from smoke inhalation. That's where the guys that did the damage restoration work found them and they assured us they were not badly burned as we had imagined. They also consulted with Bob and buried them for us in the front part of our property. When I drove my dear friend by last week to see the cleared lot, I was beyond touched to see two wooden crosses those sweet men had placed there. They didn't have to do any of that. The humanity and grace they showed us are one of the biggest silver linings I've seen. And Scooter didn't have to go back in after Scout, but it's clear to our hearts that those two souls belong together.
The previous paragraphs cover the things that really matter, the family members. The rest, as my mom always said, was just stuff. Even eighteen years after her passing she is still helping me in the most significant ways. Most of the "stuff" I will miss the most were things that belonged to her. Her china hutch, her china dishes, her silver set, her little porcelain Brittany spaniel dog figurine, her jewelry, and countless other items. Knowing how she felt on the subject makes it easier to let go. Also, just days before the fire, I wore a pair of her earrings on Christmas Eve and another pair on Christmas Day, something I almost never did because she wore super uncomfortable clip-ons. I felt called to them though and I also took the eighteen-year-old empty bottle of Paris perfume that still smelled like her off the shelf in my bathroom and gave it a good, long inhale on Christmas Day. I didn't do those things on accident. And it's no accident that among the very few things recovered (we're talking a small ziplock bag of mostly burned jewelry and a couple photo albums that had salvageable pictures) were her wedding ring, her gold crosses, and her Madonna and Child pendant.
It turned out I was right. Our family has experienced countless silver linings in the last twenty-three days. The kindness and generosity shown to us by family, friends, and our wonderful community has been unbelievable. It has been the biggest blessing and also has been, for me, a not so easy, but important, lesson in receiving. I think, for most of us, it's way more comfortable to be on the giving end. It's very humbling to allow others to show up on your behalf and to admit you have a need for the comfort they offer. I can only hope my family and I are conveying how deeply grateful we are along the way. I truly believe our purpose in life is to be present for each other, learn from one another, help one another, laugh and cry with one another, and lift each other's spirits. I'm so happy to know there are so many others who, clearly, have the same belief. Though there is much lingering sadness, gratitude remains my deepest emotion and intention.
Thank you for taking the time to read this post. I'm not sure when I'll get back to business as usual. I'm slowly stocking my kitchen in our rental house and I haven't replaced my camera yet. Thanks to great insurance those things will all be back in time.
I wish for you a happy, healthy, 2018. Try to allow the people in your life to show up for you. Once you get past your ego, it can feel really great. And, if you're really lucky, they'll allow you to do the same for them.
This is my extended family the day after the fire. It was Bob's birthday so we went out to breakfast before most of them headed back to Eugene. We are blessed.


honestly, i still love the Beer Garden stuff the best so far. I dunno why, i just really liked the way Piro and Kimiko collided in that one, with Largo rambling on like a crazy man, and erika just deadpan watching the whole thing.
i guess if i can laugh at some of my own past stuff, thats not a bad thing.


text:
Q: fs.readFileSync fails while using sudo in Ubuntu I am trying to read a file in node.  It works fine with a normal node execution, but for this test I require sudo so I can access port 443.
Here is a simple test  tester.js:
var fs = require('fs');

fs.readFileSync('./tester.js', {encoding: 'utf-8'});

console.log('Works!');

This code works for:
$ node tester.js
Works!

When running with sudo it yields an error.
sudo node tester.js

buffer.js:440
      throw new Error('Unknown encoding');
            ^
Error: Unknown encoding
    at Buffer.toString (buffer.js:440:13)
    at Object.fs.readFileSync (fs.js:236:33)
    at Object.<anonymous> (/home/tester.js:3:4)
    at Module._compile (module.js:449:26)
    at Object.Module._extensions..js (module.js:467:10)
    at Module.load (module.js:356:32)
    at Function.Module._load (module.js:312:12)
    at Module.runMain (module.js:492:10)
    at process.startup.processNextTick.process._tickCallback (node.js:245:9)

Node Version: v0.10.26
Ubuntu Ver  : 14.04 LTS
This code works on other people's machines, its specific to me.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The 'kangaroo paw' design (above) is just one of a number of designs available in the wine carriers / wine totes now stocked in the Pinch River Etsy shop - lovely hand printed products in assorted colourways on stone, latte and silver ash hemp / organic cotton basecloth.
A great gift for under $40.00 (including GST and postage prices). With lots of festivities coming our way it's a stylish way to take your wine to BYO restaurants and cafes or even to the Christmas lunch.


text:
Stories in Wisconsin
Restoring Fire to Wisconsin's Native Landscapes
Fire is used to safely restore native habitats and provide many benefits to people and nature.
TNC staff member Hannah Spaul using a drip torch to assist with a prescribed burn at Spring Green Prairie.
Before Europeans settled in Wisconsin, about 10 million acres, or one-third of the state, burned on a regular basis. Some fires in Wisconsin were caused by lightning strikes, while many more were started by Native Americans who burned to clear the land for agriculture, improve grazing and forage for game species, direct game migration, and clear brush to ease travel or prevent hostile forces from approaching unnoticed.
Many Wisconsin trees and plants are fire-dependent and need fire every 3 to 25 years to thrive. Trees, such as jack pines, have cones that require heat to open and release seeds for regeneration. The caterpillars of the endangered Karner blue butterfly only feed on the leaves of wild lupine, a plant that depends on fire to set back encroaching forests and encourage lupine flowering and growth.
Prescribed Fire at Barneveld Prairie Watch Conservancy staff and trained volunteers burn 150 acres at Barneveld Prairie.
Fire provides many benefits
The Nature Conservancy (TNC) supports the safe and ecologically appropriate use of fire to maintain Wisconsin's diversity of plant and animal life. Here are a few of the many benefits that fire provides to people and nature:
Prescribed (or controlled) fire, oftentimes in combination with grazing, can be used to control brushy vegetation and invasive species like multiflora rose and honeysuckle that are problematic for prairie and other grassland managers.
Forest managers use fire to keep forests healthy by reducing dead vegetation, killing forest pests, controlling invasive species, and stimulating the regeneration of desired tree species such as oaks.
Regular prescribed fire can reduce the intensity of a wildfire. Without fire, dead trees, leaf litter, and pine needles build up over time providing lots of fuel. If a wildfire should occur, it will be much more severe and harder to control where a lot of fuel has built up.
As Native Americans did before settlers arrived and continue to do today, land managers use fire to maintain grasslands, forests, and wetland habitats for wildlife including turkey and other game species by modifying cover and food quality and volume.
Wildland Firefighter Training
Interested in helping out on TNC's prescribed burns? Find out how to get certified in this downloadable guide!
Fire is safe!
Prescribed fire is conducted by a team of highly skilled and experienced professionals and volunteers. A "burn boss" organizes and supervises the event around a written plan and schedule. Strict safety procedures provide for the safety of the crew, nearby residents, and private property. Conditions such as weather, wind, and humidity must be right before a fire is lit.
Some crew members will light a line of fire using drip torches. Others drive trucks or ATVs carrying equipment and water to be used to monitor the burn.
Lulu Lake, during and after prescribed fire. Two views of Crooked Creek at Lulu Lake, during a prescribed fire in May 2014 and then 15 days later, with green regrowth visible.
Native plants rebound
After a controlled burn, blackened fields quickly revive with new, green life. Big bluestem, purple milkweed, and wild lupine are among the many species that thrive on fire. Indeed, hundreds of Wisconsin's plant species would be lost without it.
Oak savannas are some of the most endangered habitats in North America. Only a few thousand acres of the original 5 million acres of oak savanna that once covered Wisconsin exist today. Oaks are fire resistant trees, especially bur and white oaks, and won't tolerate a lot of shade. Without fire, oaks are not able to compete with maples and other shade tolerant tree species, and eventually those species will take over the forest.
There are, however, many areas where oak savannas can be restored, and returning fire to these rare plant communities is vital to their restoration.
Fire-Dependent Landscapes of Wisconsin
Fire is necessary for the health of some native habitats (from left to right): Prairies at Spring Green Preserve and Thomson Memorial Prairie, a wetland at Central Sands Forest and Barrens, oak forests at Hemlock Draw Preserve in the Baraboo Hills.
Fire at Nature Conservancy preserves
TNC owns approximately 30,335 acres of conservation land in Wisconsin, more than half of which is fire dependent. A few of our preserves that depend on prescribed fire include:
Oak openings and wetlands at Lulu Lake Preserve in the Mukwonago River Watershed
Grasslands at the Military Ridge Prairie Heritage Area in Dane and Iowa counties
Prairie habitat at Spring Green Preserve in Sauk County
Oak woodlands in the Baraboo Hills in Sauk County
Central Sands Forest and Barrens in Adams County
Teamwork is required for a good fire.
Good fire takes team work
With many government agencies, private landowners, and non-profits like TNC working to conserve Wisconsin's lands and waters with limited resources, it is important that we work together. TNC works with agency partners through the Wisconsin Prescribed Fire Council and the Tallgrass Prairie and Oak Savanna Fire Science Consortium to share information, provide training opportunities, and implement burns collaboratively.
Collectively, the prescribed fire efforts of TNC and other organizations and agencies across the state result in more than 50,000 acres burned annually in Wisconsin.
While that's an improvement over the last 100 years, when fire suppression was prioritized, much remains to be done. More than 3 million acres of intact, existing habitat in Wisconsin are fire dependent. To effectively manage that many acres, Wisconsin needs to burn 750,000 acres a year. Making meaningful progress towards that need will require fostering greater support and resources for prescribed fire.
TNC's goal is to increase the pace and scale of fire in Wisconsin, which cannot be accomplished alone. The collective effort of partners like the U.S. Forest Service, Wisconsin DNR, U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, counties, tribes, and private landowners working together achieves more than can be done by one entity alone. TNC is committed and poised to foster and support innovative, cross-boundary collaborations to collectively advance fire work across the state.
Planning for fire in wisconsin The Nature Conservancy uses fire in Wisconsin to restore native habitats and provide many benefits to people and nature. © Tim Long
Prescribed fire is a valuable tool to help preserve the diversity of life on Earth – now and for future generations. Have we kindled your interest? If so, you can learn more about fire with the click of your mouse:
The Nature Conservancy: Why We Work with Fire
Wisconsin Prescribed Fire Council
Tallgrass Prairie and Oak Savanna Fire Science Consortium
The Great Lakes Fire Consortium
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: Prescribed Fire
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources: Planning for Wildfire
Why We Work With Fire
The Nature Conservancy is well known for conducting controlled burns to restore health and diversity to natural lands. But that's not the whole story.
Why Do a Controlled Burn
Controlled or prescribed burns reduce the intensity and risk of severe wildfire and help keep forests healthy.
Local Communities Adapting to Fire
Places like Ashland, Ore., and Durango, Co., are learning to adapt to fire for community safety and forest health. The Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network (FAC Net) provides support.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


As parents we spend a lot of time trying to protect our kids. We protect them from their own curiosity:"Please do not climb any higher." Or from their own ignorance: "Never put anything in a light socket." Or from the dangers in life, from "Don't run by the pool" to "Never talk to strangers." I remember a week when we made three emergency room visits in a week, the thought of trying to protect them through to adulthood sounded daunting!
Whether the hurts are physical or emotional, we take the safety of our children seriously and work diligently to protect those entrusted to our care. But we recognize that we cannot protect them from all injuries and that perhaps some of those hurts are actually beneficial to our children. Through whatever our children face they are not alone, our God, who loves them best, walks with them and is ultimately their protector.
So what can we do as parents to protect our children?
The best protection we can offer our children is a life covered in prayer. Pray daily for your children and strive to trust that God will hold them close and guard their hearts, and minds, and bodies. Prayer unites us with God and his purpose for our life. Prayer models for our children the only real way to face life's challenges. We are strongest when we are on our knees and allowing God to have control. Prayer is an acknowledgment that we need God's help too and we are powerless to manage life without him.
Understand God loves our children most.
These children may have been entrusted to our care, but they really belong to God. He loves them unconditionally and watches over their every breath. He loved them before we knew them and he promises us that nothing will ever separate us from the love of Christ Jesus. Since he loves them best shouldn't we trust him to have their best interests at heart?
Recognize that God allows some pain for his purpose.
God will not keep all harm from befalling those we love; sometimes we will walk through pain in our families. Troubles are not a punishment from God or a sign of God's abandonment of us, they are merely the reality of living in an extremely broken world. When the blind man was brought to Jesus the disciples wanted to know who had sinned that this man should be born blind. Jesus denied the validity of the question by pointing not to anyone's fault but to a higher purpose. The blindness was present so that God's glory might be revealed in his life (John 9). We do not always know God's purpose, but we can be assured that God is working out his purposes even when it is difficult for us to clearly understand.
Acknowledge that overprotecting is crippling.
As parents we want to protect our little one from conception to grave. We love them and want what is best for them, but the reality is that our children cannot live in a bubble. Eventually they must face the challenges of life and it is better for them to do that with the experience of having been successful at facing challenges along the way. There will be people and situations that will hurt our children physically and emotionally. That is the ugly truth. Trying to protect our children from all pain will only cripple them from dealing with the harsh realities of life. A healthy level of frustration challenges us and stretches us to achieve more. Our kids need to experience some pain in life to have the empathy to function in human relationships.
A skinned knee teaches about running by the pool, and a timeout helps to remind that hitting is a bad choice. When we experience the natural consequences of our reckless behavior it motivates us to correct our actions. Going hungry one afternoon will teach about remembering a lunchbox better than many lectures. Running forgotten items to school will not teach your child responsibility. When parents swoop in to rescue their children from experiencing the natural consequences, they rob children of a learning experience that would benefit them down the road. Pain can be a teacher reminding us to change our behavior.
Understand that transformation arises from pain.
It is amazing to see how pain grows our character. God cultivated gifts in my kids through pain I wish they did not experience. A bullying situation taught one child tremendous gifts of empathy. A compassion grew up out of that situation that blessed many others. Dealing with a situation of attempted abuse showed another child the power of saying no and standing up for what was right. Would I have chosen for my kids to go through these situations? Not in a million years! As a mom I wish they never had to experience those hurts, but I trust that God knows best. God did not ask me what I wanted, but rather he chose to make something good come out of it. God knew the experiences that my children would need to become the people that he called them to be.
Believe that God redeems our pain.
Joseph in the Bible suffered a lot by the hands of others, but he kept a very healthy perspective. In Genesis 50:20, he says, "As for you, you meant evil against me, but God meant it for good..." God is forever showing us that he can redeem pain. Others may intend to harm us, but God can turn it into something good. He can turn mourning into dancing and our tears into laughter. It is impressive that God wastes nothing in his economy, every heartache is transformed into a blessing. God does not want suffering to be in vain, but desires that all these things might ultimately be for his glory.
Jesus prays for his disciples in John 17 saying, "I am not asking you to take them out of this world, but to protect them from the power of the evil one." Jesus did not want to shield us from the hurts of this world, but he did want to pray spiritual protection over our lives. It is a tremendous parenting example for us to follow. May we care more about our children being protected spiritually than we are about protecting them from potential physical and emotional harm. Jesus understood what was the most important. We can learn and grow from physical and emotional challenges, but spiritual attacks come with much higher stakes.
It is unrealistic for parents to expect that they can protect their children from all of life's heartaches. Pain is inevitable this side of heaven, but we can have assurance in the midst of it. All heartache can be redeemed for God's glory and he promises to walk with us and our children through whatever challenges we face. We also have the assurance that a day is coming when he will wipe away every tear from our eyes and sorrow will be no more!


Mexborough - The flagship store of Pettits, a destination shopping location for many. Probably, the most extensive range of Womens shoes in the North of England.
Beverley - Situated in the historic racing town in the heart of East Yorkshire.
Retford - Located in the historic market town in North Nottinghamshire.
Coffee Shop - Based on the first floor at Mexborough there is a large busy Coffee Shop.
Located in the new retail park in North Sheffield.


In partnership with 8Telcom, one of the biggest electronics and gadgets stores in Davao City, Samsung Mobile Philippines has officially opened its newest Samsung Experience Store at the Victoria Plaza Mall on July 7, 2017.
The grand opening ceremony was attended by 8Telcom and Samsung Philippines executives, members of the local media, Davao Bloggers Society, and the city Mayor Inday Sara Duterte-Carpio. Luckily I was also one of the invited guests to witness this opening event and one of the first Davaoenos to try their latest Samsung gadgets that are on display.
The Samsung Experience Store is open to all consumers who are interested in buying Samsung's latest offerings. This is the best place to go if they want to personally try one of those products that the Korean company sells before finally buying one. At this store are the current and recently released gadgets from Samsung that are up on the display for everyone to give a quick spin. Some of the items I spotted at the event are the Galaxy S8, the super brand new Galaxy J7 Pro, some other tablets and smartphones, the new Samsung Gear VR, the Gear 360 which is a 360-degree camera, smartwatches and more.
Aside from giving users opportunity to have a personal experience of these latest technologies from Samsung, they can also purchase their desired device at this branch at anytime. Current and futures devices will also be available here for purchase and for experience. Pre-orders are as well some of the future activities this Samsung Experience Store will participate.
Being at the very heart of Davao City and at one of the most popular shopping malls around the metro, it will make the gadget shopping experience of fellow Davao people a lot more convenient from now on - thanks to the 8Telcom and Samsung Philippines partnership.


text:
Interview / Modern art
The exposition in Madrid is an opportunity to show my recent work related to Russia, said Joan Mañé Fort, catalan artist from Reus
Joan Mañé Fort is a Catalan artist from Reus, a graduate in geography and history from the URV University of Tarragona. He has been interested in painting since childhood. For six years he was a student of the famous Catalan artist Pere Calderó Ripoll. He has made several personal exhibitions and has taken part in other shows in …
Four corners of the Pyrenees with Joël Machado / Modern art
Joël Machado Gomes: A picture is worth more than a thousand words
My name is Joël Machado Gomes. I was born in Andorra 26 years ago. Professionally, I work in the world of health as I have been a nurse for 4 years. I share my work with my great passion which is photography. The truth is that I have no kind of studies related to photography …
We plan to open our fourth museum in Girona dedicated to Catalan painters, says a world-famous art collector Carmen Thyssen
Last week, the inauguration of the third exhibition of paintings "Femina Feminae", including 29 paintings dedicated to woman's beauty, took place in The Carmen Thyssen Museum in Andorra. The owner of the collection, Andorran resident, María del Carmen Rosario Soledad Cervera y Fernández de la Guerra, Dowager Baroness Thyssen-Bornemisza de Kászon et Impérfalva, popularly known …
The influence of Scandinavia and Russia in the watercolour paintings of Marina Preobrazhenskaya
My name is Marina Preobrazhenskaya.
I was born in the Soviet Union, grew up in Russia and live in Sweden now. My art journey started at a young age at school. During different phases of my life, I turned to other directions, but eventually, I was brought back to art again. I have worked as a …
Being a musician means to keep a color of fantasy, always having ideas to have fun, said French saxophonist and composer, Vincent David
The famous French saxophonist and composer, Vincent David, on the eve of his concert in Andorra as part of the festival Andorra SaxFest, spoke to all-andorra.com about music culture in general and on the new generation of saxophonists^
Interview : Irina Rybalchenko
Andorra SaxFest is known as one of the most important music festivals in Europe. Why?
Because …
Modern art / Opinion
For a week, Andorra became the centre of attention for the world's saxophonists and saxophone music lovers, says one of the most famous Russian saxophonists, Nikita Zimin
A graduate from the Gnessin State Musical College (Russia, Moscow) and the Paris National Conservatory, the head of the All-Russian Saxophone Association, thirty-year-old Nikita Zimin is one of the most titled saxophonists in Russia: he is a winner of the Grand Prix of the IV International Wind Instruments Competition «Aeolus» (Dusseldorf, Germany, 2009); VI International …
One of the inspirational factors of my life is sport, it helps me mentally mostly, said pianist Khatia Buniatishvili
Khatia Buniatishvili – the icon of a new generation of pianists, a force of nature who captivates the public with her virtuosity and temperament. Khatia is a laureate of the "Borletti-Buitoni Trust Award" and "Echo Klassik Award" as well as "The Best Musician of 2016 in Europe", according to the French TV channel TF1. Born in …
Catalan and English are very similar in their melody, Spanish is more rhythmic, said the most popular singer and songwriter in Andorra, born in Spain, Patxi Leiva
The most popular singer and songwriter in Andorra, born in Spain, Patxi Leiva spoke to all-andorra.com about Andorra's musical culture and the latest trends in contemporary music.
Stefano Paletti: a hunter of images and a lover of nature
Stefano Paletti:
"My name is Stefano Paletti and I was born 48 years ago in Milan (Italy), but I have been living in Andorra for some years now. My passion for photography started as a small child when my grandfather gave me my first film camera, a Kodak Retinette from 1959, which at that time was …
All Andorra news / Interview
The Russian spectator is smart and educated, the Spanish spectator is superficial, but learns quickly, said the Russian Spaniard Angel Gutierrez
There was a presentation in Madrid on March 31st of the "Diaries of a Russian Spaniard" two-volume book by Ángel Gutiérrez, the theater director and actor who has lived in Russia for 40 years, and personally knew Andrei Tarkovsky, Peter Fomenko, Andrei Lobanov, Oleg Efremov, Vladimir Vysotsky….
Returning to his homeland in Spain, he founded the …


Stay and play at Aloft Chicago Downtown River North, our modern, tech-enabled hotel featuring key-less guestroom entry, free WiFi, and more. Pick up a game of pool or sip a cocktail in the Re:mix Lounge. Grab breakfast, lunch, or dinner in Chicago's top-rated neighborhood restaurant, Beatrix, or just indulge in a handmade pastry and craft coffee from The Coffeehouse. Sprint, stretch, and lift 24/7 in our Re:Charge Fitness Center with all the tools to keep you fit including Life Fitness equipment, yoga mats, and everything you need to keep up your regular work out routine. Spark great ideas in our Tactic meeting space equipped with A/V, plasma TV, and Fast & free WiFi. Bring your furry friend along the next time you travel. The Arf program is free of charge and is available to all guests traveling with pets to our hotel – no deposits, no hassle, simply a breeze.
Smells of fresh baked goods fill the air in Beatrix, the neighborhood restaurant, coffeehouse, and meeting place found in the lobby of Aloft. Come for a delicious meal or just grab coffee and linger with your laptop.


text:
/**
 * (created at 2011-1-23)
 */
package com.alibaba.cobar.parser.ast.expression.primary.function.string;

import java.util.List;

import com.alibaba.cobar.parser.ast.expression.Expression;
import com.alibaba.cobar.parser.ast.expression.primary.function.FunctionExpression;

/**
 * @author QIU Shuo
 */
public class Elt extends FunctionExpression {

    public Elt(List<Expression> arguments){
        super("ELT", arguments);
    }

    @Override
    public FunctionExpression constructFunction(List<Expression> arguments) {
        return new Elt(arguments);
    }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Metro Exodus on Epic Store outsells its predecessor on Steam -- but what does that tell us?
"It's about the game, and not the store you sell on," suggests Epic
Thursday 21st March 2019
Deep Silver's Metro Exodus sold 2.5 times as many copies on the Epic Games Store during its launch window than its predecessor, Metro: Last Light, managed on Steam.
The numbers were revealed by head of store Steve Allison, who said it proves that, "it's really about the games, not the store you sell on."
"We're super stoked to see this result, and one thing we can say for certain is Epic Games Store is sure to make many hundreds of millions of dollars for our development partners this year," Allison said.
The implication from Epic is that Steam's huge and active userbase isn't nearly as important as some might think. When you consider that Epic offers far more favourable commercial terms -- it takes a 12% revenue cut versus Steam's 30% -- then switching from Steam to the Epic Store may not be quite as risky as it first appears.
However, Allison was right when he said it is about the game, and Metro Exodus is a far bigger play in the franchise compared to its predecessor. It had a bigger budget, a bigger marketing campaign, and it received high-profile spots during E3 press conferences.
It was a significantly more ambitious release than previous Metro titles, and so it would be expected to sell better. Indeed, the game posted bigger sales numbers physically, which is a rare occurrence in the current market.
It's reassuring that the Epic Games Store wasn't prohibitive in Deep Silver's efforts to grow the franchise's audience, but equally, we do not know how well the game would have sold on Steam had it been released there. Would it have still sold 2.5 times more than its predecessor? Could it have been ten times more? We don't know.
Equally, Metro Exodus was a AAA release in many regards. It boasted a decent marketing campaign and had an excited following of fans. The real test would come from a new IP, or even an indie release. How do those games perform on the Epic Store versus Steam? Does the smaller number of competitor titles (and therefore easier discoverability) offset the reduction in active users?
We ultimately don't know. It's reassuring that developers are having success on the Epic Games Store, and there's clearly a growing number of engaged users. Epic has been promoting a free game every two weeks; the first one (Subnautica) was downloaded more than 4.5 million times, and the second game (Slime Rancher) is on course to beat that. It's certainly pulling in a decent number of players.
But outside of those reassuring growth numbers, the data remains inconclusive as to whether developers are better off with Epic over Valve.
Epic Games takes legal action against Apple and Google in UK
Update: Apple says Epic's "reckless behavior made pawns of customers", and it "looks forward to making this clear to UK courts"
Steam saw 21% more games sold in 2020
Valve reports storefront had 120 million monthly active users last year, hours played jumped 51% as VR sales rose 32%


text:
/**
 *
 */
package ie.ibuttimer.widget;

import ie.ibuttimer.pmat.R;

import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.widget.RelativeLayout;
import android.widget.TextView;

/**
 * @author Ian Buttimer
 *
 */
public class CategoryAllocation extends RelativeLayout {

	private TextView textViewCategory;
	private TextView textViewAmount;

	private int minorUnits;

	/**
	 * @param context
	 */
	public CategoryAllocation(Context context) {
		this(context,null);
	}

	/**
	 * @param context
	 * @param attrs
	 */
	public CategoryAllocation(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
		super(context, attrs);

		String category = null;
		String amount = null;
		if ( attrs != null ) {
			TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, R.styleable.CategoryAllocation, 0, 0);
			category = a.getString(R.styleable.CategoryAllocation_categoryText);
			amount = a.getString(R.styleable.CategoryAllocation_categoryText);
			a.recycle();
		}

		if ( category == null )
			category = "";
		if ( amount == null )
			amount = "0";

		LayoutInflater inflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);
		inflater.inflate(R.layout.add_transaction_category_allocation_view, this, true);

		RelativeLayout layout = (RelativeLayout)getChildAt(0);

		textViewCategory = (TextView) layout.getChildAt(0);
		textViewAmount = (TextView) layout.getChildAt(1);

		textViewCategory.setText(category);
		textViewAmount.setText(amount);
	}

	/**
	 * Get the text displayed.
	 */
	public CharSequence getText () {
		return textViewCategory.getText();
	}

	/**
	 * Set the text displayed.
	 * @param text
	 */
	public void setText (CharSequence text) {
		textViewCategory.setText(text);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the amount displayed.
	 * @return
	 */
	public void setAmount(CharSequence text) {
		String amt = enforceMinorUnits(text.toString());
		textViewAmount.setText(amt);
	}

	/**
	 * Set the amount displayed.
	 * @return
	 */
	public void setAmount(int amount) {
		setAmount(String.valueOf(amount));
	}

	/**
	 * Set the amount displayed.
	 * @return
	 */
	public void setAmount(double amount) {
		setAmount(String.valueOf(amount));
	}

	private String enforceMinorUnits(String amount) {

		StringBuffer result = new StringBuffer(amount);
		int numUnits;
    	int dotPos = amount.indexOf(".");
    	if ( dotPos >= 0 )
    		numUnits = amount.length() - 1 - dotPos;
    	else
    		numUnits = 0;
		if ( (numUnits > 0) && (minorUnits > 0) ) {

			// update for too few
			while ( numUnits < minorUnits ) {
				result.append('0');
				++numUnits;
			}

			// update for too many
			if ( numUnits > minorUnits ) {
				int end = result.length();
				result.delete((end - (numUnits - minorUnits)), end);
			}
		}
		return result.toString();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the amount displayed.
	 */
	public double getAmount() {
		double amount;
		try {
			amount = Double.parseDouble(textViewAmount.getText().toString());
		}
		catch ( NumberFormatException e ) {
			amount = 0;
		}
		return amount;
	}

	/**
	 * @return the minorUnits
	 */
	public int getMinorUnits() {
		return minorUnits;
	}

	/**
	 * @param minorUnits the minorUnits to set
	 */
	public void setMinorUnits(int minorUnits) {
		this.minorUnits = minorUnits;
	}

	/* (non-Javadoc)
	 * @see java.lang.Object#toString()
	 */
	@Override
	public String toString() {
		return "CategoryAllocation [textViewCategory=" + textViewCategory
				+ ", textViewAmount=" + textViewAmount + "]";
	}

}


content of cleaned forage vs forage-plus-whichever-insects-cling-to-it?
> (in fact, a lot of parasitic organisms rely on it).
to the vegetation until swallowed.
Prev by Date: Theropod herbivory - paralel evolution or one clade?


text:
Quirin Mayer between Balance and Harmony
The Musée Regards de Provence celebrates the sculptor, draftsman and painter Quirin Mayer (1927 -), whose work of figurative and geometric abstractions reveals a sense of balance and harmony but also a reflection of today's society tensions. Color is an important element where it sets in vivid touchs, demonstrating optimism and joy.
In his creative process, the artist lets his intuitive creation to the meaning and rhythm of the line, of the shape and color.
In constant artistic research, several periods and themes characterize his work: "World Circus", "Mystery Box", "Constructions", "Wondering Eyes", "Love", "Happy life", "Mediterranean Garden". The energy that emanates from his figures seems to represent a decision, an act of will, or even a desire.
He works on collages, wherein the timing of organic and geometric shapes that are juxtaposed and are succeeded generate a fortuitous distribution. In a free game between creativity and emotion, collages, paintings and sculptures of Mayer offer a genuine alternative to our everyday world.
Art contemporain . dessin . peinture . Sculpture .
Blachon, ses mondes… 20 Years Regards de Provence Jean Cocteau et la Méditerranée UTOPIA & METAMORPHOSES His Muse… (Français) Sacha Sosno et les Écoles de Nice – Un dialogue privilégié DAUMIER & DUBOUT – Deux caricaturistes marseillais


text:
Clippers' Chris Paul sprains thumb, to have MRI after X-rays negative
By Andrew Han
LOS ANGELES -- Clippers guard Chris Paul sprained his left thumb with 3:04 left in the second quarter of Monday night's 120-98 win over the Oklahoma City Thunder and was ruled out for the rest of the game.
X-rays on the thumb were negative, but further tests need to be done to determine the extent of the injury.
"We don't know yet," Clippers coach Doc Rivers said after the game. "The original X-ray was negative on his left thumb. They're going to do an MRI tomorrow, so we'll know more. I didn't see [what happened]. I guess they said[Russell] Westbrookcame down on [Paul's thumb]. But whenever you see a guard pull their hand out, you pretty much know what just happened."
Paul was defending Westbrookand sprained the thumb fighting over a screen set by Joffrey Lauvergne at the top of the 3-point line.
The Clippers called a timeout shortly after, and Paul immediately walked off the court, kicking the bench as he exited. Paul could be seen on the TNT broadcast shaking his head at Clippers team trainer Jasen Powell as they walked through the players tunnel to the locker room.
"You worry when he doesn't come back out in the second half," Clippers guardJ.J. Redicksaid after the game. "Because I've seen Chris go off before, and he tries to play. So I'm not assuming the worst by any means, but I recognize that there's probably a good chance that he may be out a game or two, best case.
"Worst case, we'll deal with that. In the immediate future, hopefully it's not serious. But if it is, Blake is going to be back soon," Redick added, referring to Clippers forwardBlake Griffin, who has missed the past month with a right knee injury. "Next guy up, I guess. But we've kind of dealt with this quite a bit lately. We'll just continue to plug away."
The nine-time All-Star sprained the same thumb during a practice late in the preseason.
The last time Paul sprained his left thumb in the season was during the first round of the 2014 playoffs against the Golden State Warriors. The Clippers won the series in seven games.
Paul broke his right hand in Game 4 of the first round against the Portland Trail Blazers in the 2016 playoffs.
The Clippers have been beset by injuries this season. Griffin missed his 13th game Monday night as he recovers from arthroscopic knee surgery. Redick missed two games due to a sore left hamstring. And Paul missed seven games in a two-week span due to a strained left hamstring.
Paul exited with eight points, six assists, three rebounds and a steal against the Thunder. The Clippers point guard is averaging 17.7 points, 9.8 assists and 5.3 rebounds per game with a 60.9 percent true shooting percentage and a player efficiency rating of 27.47.
Information from ESPN's Jovan Buha was used in this report.
CP3 leaves game with sprained thumb
Trying to defend Russell Westbrook, Chris Paul injures his thumb and would have to leave the game in the second quarter, kicking a chair on his way to the locker room.
Doc Rivers on CP3's thumb: 'Original X-ray was negative'
Clippers coach Doc Rivers speaks to the media and gives an update on Chris Paul's thumb injury that he suffered against the Thunder.
sportsespnthumbla clippersnbasprainchris paul
Copyright © 2021 ESPN Internet Ventures. All rights reserved.


Disturbances in joint position were found in 25.8% and sensory disturbances were present in 40.3% of patients with MS.
For patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), hypoesthesia for touch and joint position are linked to chronic pain, according to results published in Pain Research and Management.
The study included participants with MS and pain (n=67), as well as healthy control patients (n=80). The researchers tested participants' sensory functioning with bedside neurological examination for touch, joint position (dorsal column-medial lemniscus pathway), temperature sense, and pain (spinothalamic tract). They used the Colored Analogue Scale (CAS Intensity) and the Faces Pain Scale to measure pain intensity, and they measured pain affect with the CAS Affect and Number of Words Chosen-Affective.
Disturbances in joint position were found in 25.8% and sensory disturbances were present in 40.3% of patients with MS. The researchers found a significant negative relationship between pain intensity and the function of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal pathway. They did not find a relationship between pain intensity and the spinothalamic tract.
"As a consequence, the clinician should be aware of the fact that, although hypoesthesia need not per se be related to chronic pain, it could be an indication of chronic pain in MS patients," the researchers wrote.


A new approach for direct synthesis of well-shaped pure rutile titania nanocrystals by hydrothermal synthesis is reported. The synthesis of the 20 nm rutile particles from titanium isopropoxide and pH 0.5 nitric acid is achieved by vigorous stirring of the solution during the hydrothermal treatment. The significant effect of the stirring and long aging control experiments suggest that, at this composition, most of the condensation to TiO2 occurs during the autoclaving step. The large colloid size distribution and the formation of the anatase structure in the absence of stirring are attributed to the inhomogeneity developed in the solution under the extreme conditions of the hydrothermal process. The significance of the new method is the elimination of the commonly used mineralizers that can induce impurities into the nanocrystals, in addition to the improved colloid shape in comparison with standard procedures.


text:
In the theory of formal languages, the pumping lemma may refer to:
Pumping lemma for regular languages, the fact that all sufficiently long strings in such a language have a substring that can be repeated arbitrarily many times, usually used to prove that certain languages are not regular
Pumping lemma for context-free languages, the fact that all sufficiently long strings in such a language have a pair of substrings that can be repeated arbitrarily many times, usually used to prove that certain languages are not context-free
 Pumping lemma for indexed languages
 Pumping lemma for regular tree languages

See also
 Ogden's lemma, a stronger version of the pumping lemma for context-free languages

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__))
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib'))

require 'aspect4r'
require 'rspec'

RSpec.configure do |config|
  config.mock_with :rspec do |c|
    c.syntax = :should
  end

  config.expect_with :rspec do |c|
    c.syntax = :should
  end
end


text:
Learning & Projects
About Muriel Spark
Writer's Centenary fund sparks imaginative new ideas
The 12 recipients of the new Muriel Spark 100 Fund: Endless Different Ways Small Grants Fund have been announced today 22 January by Creative Scotland, as part of the centenary celebrations for one of Scotland's finest and most internationally respected writers. The fund is providing awards of up to £1,500 to individual writers, artists and groups looking to celebrate the work, contribution or legacy of Dame Muriel Spark, with £16,000 awarded overall.
The successful applicants are:
Jessica Danz
Janice Galloway
Belle Jones and Beldina Odenyo
Raymond MacDonald
Theresa Muñoz
Tracey S. Rosenberg
Kristian Smith
StAnza Scotland's Poetry Festival
Shane Strachan
Tidy Carnage
Hannah Van Hove
Morna Young
The awarded funds are being used to create new work exploring different aspects of Muriel's life, travel and/or residencies linked to places or ideas which were significant to Muriel, or the development of other ideas inspired by Muriel and which emerged from the artistic and creative community in Scotland.
The successful applicants have approached this challenge with creativity, passion and insight, often engaging with diverse elements of Spark's life or work, including famous novels such as The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie, The Public Image and The Mandelbaum Gate, her influence as an experimental writer, poet and essayist and also her life experiences, identity, legacy and travels. The creative practices of the successful applicants run across literature, theatre, music and visual arts.
A full list of projects and further information can be found on http://www.creativescotland.com/what-we-do/latest-news/archive/2018/01/writers-centenary-fund-sparks-imaginative-new-ideas
Edinburgh's 101 Objects – The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie's first edition (Number 39)
#murielspark100
Twitter: @MurielSpark100
Facebook: /murielspark100
murielspark100@gmail.com


text:
Q: How to get the Request or the request body from org.springframework.web.reactive.function.client.WebClient I have a piece of code
    @Autowired
    private WebClient webClient;

    webClient.post()
                .header(AUTHORIZATION, BEARER + token)
                .body(BodyInserters.fromObject(payment))
                .retrieve().bodyToMono(Payment.class)
                .onErrorResume(exception -> Mono.error(new ApiException(exception)))

Is there any way to get the request or the request body as a string from this piece of code ?


text:
L'Astronaut Scholarship Foundation, est une association sans but lucratif créée en 1987 par les six astronautes survivants de Mercury 7 : Scott Carpenter, Gordon Cooper, John Glenn, Walter Schirra, Alan Shepard et Deke Slayton. Betty Grissom (veuve du septième astronaute, Virgil Grissom) ; William Douglas, (chirurgien de vol du projet Mercury) ; et Henri Landwirth (homme d'affaires d'Orlando et ami), font également partie des membres fondateurs.

La mission de la fondation est d'encourager les étudiants universitaires à poursuivre l'excellence scientifique et de faire en sorte que les États-Unis soient le leader mondial en matière de technologie pour les décennies à venir. Depuis ses débuts, des astronautes des programmes Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab et de la navette spatiale ont également rejoint la fondation.

Références

Fondation aux États-Unis
Développement humain
Organisme fondé en 1987
Organisme sans but lucratif


Don't think the 9.3 ltr Chevy V8 would fit under the Berlingo bonnet.
Two weeks previous were the European Finals where we managed to shatter the entire gearbox casing on the first day. Sometimes a 1,000+ bhp is not a good idea for a gearbox.
Oh, and a quick picture of Miffy the rabbit looking for the bonnet catch.
Looks like a top show Martin, never been to an event like this but judging from what you have shown us, looks amazing :drool:.
Everyone should go. If only once.
Makes F1 look like a Sunday afternoon drive in the country.
What tyres were you wearing ????
Mickey Thompson drag racing slicks, Womble.
But we only race in the dry.
Watch the video (about 3/4 the way through) yes, that really was 4.5 seconds @ 320mph!
Done my own compilation on YouTube of video I have shot myself in the last 12 months. (It's not brilliant, cheap camera, and I'm no expert.) Worth a look. Sorry no Berlingos.
Have a look at the tyres on our car at 3mins 55sec.
(01-10-2011, 10:31 PM)j90xxx Wrote: Don't think the 9.3 ltr Chevy V8 would fit under the Berlingo bonnet.
Stick it in the back then. All that weight over the rear wheels. You'd end up with a real Funny Car. And it'd stand out rather. Just a shame that the aerodynamics would mean you'd be a lot slower than your Cavalier.
Just got to add, how on EARTH do you get to 320 mph from a standing start in 1/4 mile? That's quicker than a catapult-launched jet.
The only Citroen drag car I have seen belongs to Bernard Saz.


I was wondering if you could clear up some confusion for me re: 40-week cycles.
Looking at your latest 20/40 week cycle chart, you show a 40-week bottom on 5/17/05 (Tuesday) followed by the next cycle bottom at 2/8/06 (Wednesday). However, if you count 40 weeks off on the calendar beginning with 5/17/05, the next calendar 40 week end would be 2/20/06. 2/8/06 is only 37 weeks and one day.
I'm trying to lay out my calendar into the future so that I know when these cycles are going to hit.
It is a confusing piece of language that is responsible for the conflict, and you are justified in being confused about this.
What we refer to as the 40-week cycle is not necessarily exactly 40 weeks in length. It is also called the 9 month cycle by some. Currently, the important lows which we attribute to this cycle are really running at about 37 weeks between lows (185 trading days).
Our problem lies in the fact that it has been referred to as "the 40-week cycle" for so many years that if we were to start calling it by some other name, then people might think we were talking about a different cycle. But that is balanced poorly against the problem you bring up, which is that the period does not match the name quite precisely. I suppose that we should do our part to make sure that we elaborate more completely about the actual period whenever we refer to it.
Thanks for posing a good question.


text:
Le général Manuel Palafox (1886-1959) est un militaire mexicain qui a participé à la révolution mexicaine.

Jeunesse
Il est né dans la ville de Puebla vers 1886. Étudiant-ingénieur dans sa ville natale, il travaille pour diverses compagnies, d'Oaxaca à Sinaloa. Il rencontre Emiliano Zapata en , quand il était homme de confiance dans les haciendas, Palafox est envoyé par un propriétaire pour soudoyer Zapata.

Révolution
Fait prisonnier, il gagne peu à peu la confiance de Zapata. En 1912, il est chargé de parler avec Emilio Vázquez Gómez, alors exilé dans le Texas. À son retour, il consolide sa position dans le contrôle des affaires du mouvement.

Convention
Quand les Zapatistes entrent dans Mexico, Palafox manœuvre pour figurer dans le gouvernement de Convention. En , il est désigné secrétaire à l'agriculture et à la colonisation, charge qu'il exerce dans les cabinets de Eulalio Gutiérrez Ortiz, Roque González Garza et Francisco Lagos Cházaro, où il mène à bien la politique agraire du mouvement zapatiste. À partir de 1915, il organise son secrétariat, fonde des écoles régionales d'agriculture, crée un bureau spécial pour la répartition des terres, et désigne les jeunes agronomes de l'Ecole nationale d'agriculture. Le , il promulgue la loi agraire dont il est le maître d'œuvre.

Dernières années
En 1918, il est destitué de son poste de principal émissaire zapatiste. Il lance un manifeste contre Emiliano Zapata et invite les Sudistes à s'unir en un mouvement agraire qu'il organise. Mais les principaux chefs restèrent fidèles à Zapata. En 1920 il se joint à l'unification révolutionnaire et entre dans l'armée mexicaine. Il meurt en 1959.

Général mexicain
Naissance à Puebla
Naissance en 1886
Décès en 1959
Personnalité de la Révolution mexicaine


text:
// The list of avaliable tunes can be checked in  $ALICE_ROOT/PYTHIA6/pythiaX.f , inside subroutine PYTUNE
// Note that if you are using QPYTHIA , it only works with Q2-ordered showers, that is tune<300.
//More modern tunes are pt-ordered and use a different FSR shower.

//In the implementation of qpythia in aliroot I set as default the following computation of the geometry:
//   -Glauber to determine the overlapping region of the nuclei and the impact parameter of the collision
//  -Random sampling of the initial coordinates of the hard scattering in the overlapping region
//  -Given the coordinates and direction of each parton in the shower, calculate the path length to the "end"
//   of the medium and the integrated qhat along this path length, alla PQM.

//In the PQM approach, you integrate the qhat(dx,dy) along the path length and this is purely geometrical. See formula (13) in  http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0406201.pdf
//There is a free parameter k (in fm), that sets the scale of the transport coefficient.  In 0-10% PbPb collisions,
//the average <qhat>  and k are related via a number:
//  <qhat>/k =5.87 e^-5 fm^-4
//If you want a <qhat> of 10 GeV2/fm,
//         10 /5.87e^-5 (GeV2 fm^3)=k
//If you want k in fm then you have to divide by the squared of hbarc (hbar c=0.197 GeV fm)
// This gives k=4.4e^6 fm, which is the quench value we set in SetQhat

AliGenerator* AddMCGenQuench(Float_t e_cms = 2760., Double_t ptHardMin = 0., Double_t ptHardMax = 0., Int_t fpythia = 1, Double_t quench=4.4e6, Int_t ianglepyquen = 2,Float_t ptWeight=0)
{
  //Add Pythia generator: pt-hard bin or min bias

  gSystem->Load("liblhapdf");

  return CreatePythia6Gen(e_cms, ptHardMin, ptHardMax, fpythia, quench, ianglepyquen,ptWeight);
}

AliGenerator* CreatePythia6Gen(Float_t e_cms, Int_t ptHardMin, Int_t ptHardMax, Int_t fpythia, Double_t quench = 4.4e6, Int_t ianglepyquen=2,Float_t ptWeight=0) {

  gSystem->Load("libqpythia");
  gSystem->Load("libEGPythia6");
  gSystem->Load("libAliPythia6");

  AliGenPythia* genP = new AliGenPythia(1);

  //   vertex position and smearing
  genP->SetVertexSmear(kPerEvent);

  //   charm, beauty, charm_unforced, beauty_unforced, jpsi, jpsi_chi, mb
  if (ptHardMin>0.) {
    genP->SetProcess(kPyJets);
    genP->SetPtHard((float)ptHardMin,(float)ptHardMax);
    genP->SetWeightPower(ptWeight);
   } else
    genP->SetProcess(kPyMb); // Minimum Bias

  //   Centre of mass energy
  genP->SetEnergyCMS(e_cms); // in GeV

  //for jet quenching with QPYTHIA
  if (fpythia == 1){
    genP->SetTune(103); //tune DW, standard choice for Q2 showers
    genP->SetQuench(4);
    genP->SetQhat(quench);
  }

  //for pyquen afterburner
  if (fpythia == 2){
    genP->SetTune(103); //tune DW, standard choice for Q2 showers
    genP->SetQuench(2);
    genP->SetPyquenPar(1,0.1,0,0,ianglepyquen);
  }

  return genP;
}


Decoupage Ostrich Egg Elephant Family Yellow. Supplied in a cardboard box (box size: 15cm x 15cm x 19cm). Does not include the Ostrich Egg Stand - please order the stand separately below.
Ostrich eggs are incredibly robust and there is absolutely no problem with shipping anywhere in the world, however in the event the shippers mistreat the cargo there is a remote possibility of breakage.
DISCLAIMER: in the event of breakage Earth Africa will accept no responsibility, all Ostrich Eggs are ordered "at own risk".
Supplied in a cardboard box (box size: 15cm x 15cm x 19cm).
NO MINIMUM QTY FOR MIXED OSTRICH EGGS.


Installing cabinets is a great way to add some life to your kitchen. Whether you're removing old cabinets and replacing them with new ones or simply adding new cabinets for the first time, this is a job that you can easily do yourself. You'll need a few tools and materials to get the job done, which can be found at your local hardware store. The process of doing this job yourself will save you some money, but you may need a partner to help you with any heavy lifting.
The first step in the installation process is to prep the area you plan to install the cabinets in. If you're installing cabinets for the first time, then you'll need to outline the space on the wall and make pencil marks for the areas you want the cabinets to be installed. This will make the installation job easier and allow you to avoid making any mistakes while hanging the cabinets.
First, you'll need to attach a wooden ledger to the wall in order to give the bottom of the cabinets support while hanging. Once the ledger is installed, remove the doors from your cabinets to make installation more convenient. You can attach them again later.
When the doors are removed, you can start by installing the corner cabinets first. Locate the studs on your wall by using a stud finder. Mark the distance of the studs from the corner of the wall and then make an equal mark on your cabinets so you know where to drill your holes.
Lift up the cabinet and rest it on your ledger for support. Use your drill to screw the cabinet into the wall, making sure to drill into the studs and not the drywall. Drill them in half way at first. Once your screws are set, use a level to make sure that the cabinet is straight. If everything looks good, then you can continue drilling, fastening the cabinet securely to the wall. Continue with this process for all of your cabinets, making sure to install a ledger under each separate cabinet you add.
When the cabinets are securely fastened to your wall, you can put the doors back. Remove any ledgers that you have installed up to this point as the cabinets will be securely attached to the wall now. Repair any holes in the wall from the screws in your ledgers with a simple putty and some touch-up paint. Your cabinets are ready to be used.
For cabinet installations, contact a company such as CK Custom Kabinetry Inc.


Scott Gray Carter is an introvert who makes his living talking about stuff. He has an MDiv and over 20 years experience in ministry ranging from pastor to seminary professor to nursery worker. He writes role playing games and weird fiction, and also wrote Popping Pop Christianity.


text:
Acton Memorial Library Trustees vote to forego most late fees
COURTESY OF THE TOWN OF ACTON
Town manager John Mangiaratti and Acton Memorial Library director Danielle Savin announced that the Acton Memorial Library will forego late fees for most overdue materials, continuing a policy that was adopted temporarily during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Library's Board of Trustees voted to continue the policy based on the staff's recommendation.
Library staff researched systems that no longer charge fines, both locally and nationally. The survey determined that eliminating fines increased both check-outs and returns; increased the number of patrons who renewed their library card; and led to more positive interactions between staff and patrons.
The American Library Association, the world's oldest library organization, in 2019 urged public libraries nationwide to discontinue fines for outstanding materials.
The Acton Memorial Library policy eliminates fines for most, but not all, materials:
Replacement fees for lost or damaged items still apply.
Patrons will be charged a replacement fee if an item is overdue by 30 days or more. The charge will be removed once the item is returned.
Museum passes will be charged a late fine of $10 per day.
Fines will be assessed for an interlibrary loan from Acton Memorial Library if the borrowing library charges fines.
"The core vision is that libraries should be accessible to all, regardless of income. Charging fines creates a barrier to access to information," Savin said. "The Library has waived fines during the COVID-19. Patrons have been very supportive, and we've seen the positive results."


I Real Sheet Mask Rose Review: Is it Suitable For Your Skin?
Part of the comprehensive Tony Moly I'm Real Sheet Mask Collection, this product is a three-layer pulp sheet that contains natural active ingredients. It is enriched with different kinds of essence to optimally hydrate skin and transform it into a healthy, radiant and more youthful overall – all this supposedly in just approximately 20 minutes. One of the most popular among the fun and functional collection of sheet masks from the Korean brand, this is specifically beneficial for dry and/or rough skin. To learn if this is the right mask for your regimen, read this detailed I'm Real Sheet Mask review.
Tony Moly is a rapidly rising South Korean beauty care brand that only started in 2006. It is well-known around Asia but this company is still relatively unheard of in most parts of the West (including the United States). This brand now offers a wide range of products, including creams, serums and makeup. It aims to become the leading Korean beauty brand in the world but it still has a long way to go.
To use I'm Real Sheet Mask Rose, apply on cleansed, dry skin and keep the mask on for about 20 to 30 minutes. Then, remove it gently and pat the excess essence gently onto your skin to ensure optimal absorption.
This sheet mask can be ordered online for $3.75.
Rosa Centifolia Flower Extract: A concentrated form is used to revive complexion, hydrating and lightening skin to make it more youthful. It is also believed to have softening properties by conditioning skin and offering nourishment.
Glycerin: This is a humectant, which means it attracts water so that the skin will be hydrated and remain so for a prolonged period.
Hydrolysed Collagen: A way to rejuvenate the declining collagen level in the skin, which occurs naturally with aging. This helps restore the skin's elasticity and smoothness, reducing aging lines that develop as one ages.
Formulated to deliver intense and lasting moisture.
Helps boost skin smoothness, softness and radiance.
Easy to use compared to other similar products on the market.
Free of common irritants added to facial masks.
There are good reviews from customers.
Not very effective according to some online reviews; some say it can even dry out skin.
The rose scent is not a strong point since many dislike it.
Can cause a hypersensitive reaction on some users.
There are reports that it can even cause acne.
Some users say it is not easy to use since the sheet doesn't fit most faces.
I'm Real Sheet Mask Rose is an ordinary face mask that doesn't really deliver any extraordinary results. There's a lot of hype behind this product from Korea, but again, nothing is special about it except perhaps its price. You can save a lot of money by opting for regular drugstore brands that can deliver the same or even better results.
There is no money back guarantee for this sheet mask from Tony Moly.


text:
Details about Christopher M. Meissner
Homepage: http://www.econ.ucdavis.edu/people/cmm
Postal address: Department of Economics University of California, Davis One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 USA
Workplace: Economics Department, University of California-Davis, (more information at EDIRC)
Access statistics for papers by Christopher M. Meissner.
Short-id: pme45
Jump to Journal Articles Chapters Editor
Approcher la qualité par les statistiques du commerce extérieur: enjeux et difficultés entre 1850 et 1913
Post-Print, HAL
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text:
Navigation: This page 'parsons.html' ---> External Thinking ---> Main Page. HELP. Admin. Contact.
Dooyeweerd and Parsons
Some Initial Dot Points to Consider When
Comparing the Philosophical Sociology
of Herman Dooyeweerd with
the General Theory of Society in
Talcott Parsons' structural functionalism
Bruce C Wearne, BA MSocSc PhD
Here are a few initial comparisons between the thinkers Talcott Parsons and Herman Dooyeweerd.
Problem Historical Method:
Talcott Parsons own intellectual development was greatly enhanced by his imbibing a form of the "problem historical method" in his earliest writings from his doctoral dissertation "Kapitalismus bei Sombart und Max Weber" at Heidelberg in the 1920s until the publication of The Structure of Social Action in 1937.
Dooyeweerd's close associate Dirk H Th Vollenhoven worked with the same theoretical problems associated with this approach to the historiography of philosophy and scientific ideas in developing what he called the "consistent problem historical method".
Systematic social theory:
Parsons' concept of a system was basic to his entire enterprise. In his view a system is a set of independent inter-dependent variables. Parsons' theory is at its crucial point based in an application of this system concept to theory itself - philosophy and theory are also interdependent and independent. It is at that point where Parsons dogmatic accommodation to the dogma of the autonomy of theoretical thought can be identified. However, in 20th century American social science the concept of autonomy is very often couched in ambiguous terms by which a recognition of distinctive individuality is identified with the notion of something being a law unto itself.
Dooyeweerd's concept of society was focused upon what he called the internal societal structural principles and to identify these required careful empirical investigation of the way in which institutions, organisations and inter-individual relationships were structured in the place God had given them in the creation order according to their own distinctive integrity (sphere sovereignty). Philosophical sociology for Dooyeweerd has its own place in the encyclopædia of the sciences but it also has a crucial part to play in the overall transcendental critique of theoretical thought.
Sociology in its cultural context:
Parsons view of sociology as an independent interdependent variable in the total system of knowledge links his own thought to that of Mannheim and other thinkers in the sociology of knowledge.
Dooyeweerd, on the other hand distinguishes philosophical sociology and scientific sociology; the former is, as I have indicated above part of the full disclosure of the argument in the transcendental critique of theoretical thought. It has been suggested that Dooyeweerd's exposition of philosophical sociology is similar to Mannheim's "sociology of knowledge" - see H E S Woldring Karl Mannheim - the development of his thought Van Gorcum 1986 especially pp. 378-389 where Woldring offers some critical observations from a comparison of Mannheim and Dooyeweerd.
The Reformation/Renovation/Rediscovery of the Empirical Approach of Scientific Sociology
Both Parsons and Dooyeweerd seek to develop a theoretical overview of scientific activity by which scientific sociology is renovated from the ground up, by basic principles. Parsons' attempt must be judged as based in the uncritical dogma of the autonomy of theoretical thought and hence to be ensnared in the same humanistic religious polarities (ie nature and freedom in their peculiar North American 20th century variants - particularly in operationalism eg PW Bridgman). Dooyeweerd's reformation of scientific sociology begins with a radical critique of the scientific attitude itself, based upon an approach to science which sees scientific activity as another human activity that has been freed by the coming and completed work of the Messiah, Jesus Christ, enabling it to be developed in the service of God and neighbour.
Both thinkers drive serious readers to consider their respective views of time and the temporal order. Parsons' view of time is very much indebted to Whitehead. Dooyeweerd's view of time is neo-Calvinistic and in some special ways he makes a break with previous protestant scholastic views of time assuming time's creatureliness.
I intend to develop these dots points as I have opportunity to do so - other points will be university, science, the human person.
My work on Talcott Parsons can be found in the following publications:
Wearne, B.C., "Talcott Parsons' appraisal and critique of Alfred Marshall" Social Research 48:4 Winter 1981, 816-851
Wearne, B.C., The Theory and Scholarship of Talcott Parsons to 1951 - a Critical Commentary Cambridge University Press 1989
Wearne, B.C., "Talcott Parsons' Undergraduate Exploration in Sociology" The American Sociologist Winter 1996 27:4
Wearne, B.C., "Elias and Parsons: Two Transformations of the Problem Historical Method" in A Javier Trevino (ed) Talcott Parsons Today : His Theory and Legacy in Contemporary Sociology Rowman and Littlefield 2001
Wearne, B.C., "Bernard Barber's Social System Theory" The American Sociologist Summer 2002, 86-104.
I am interested to advising and supervising students with a genuine theoretical interest in exploring Talcott Parsons and the history of 20th century American sociology, and particularly in relation to the much neglected task of developing Christian sociological reflection. Those interested may contact me at:
Bruce C Wearne BA MSocSc PhD29 Lawrence Rd., Point Lonsdale Vic 3225 AUSTRALIA61-3-5258-3913
bcwearne@ozemail.com.au, http://members.ozemail.com.au/~bcwearne/index.html
Author: Bruce C. Wearne.
Copyright (c) Bruce C Wearne 2002.
Created: 12 November 2002 Last updated: 17 November 2002 corrections. 16 June 2010 .nav, .end, rid unet. 7 September 2017 rid counter.


Summary: Developmental stresses can exert both short- and long-term influences upon physiology and metabolism. To identify underlying mechanisms, we established Drosophila models of developmental undernourishment, hypoxia and oxidative stress. Using these models, we found that the growth of the CNS is remarkably well protected against developmental stresses, compared to that of other organs. Both constitutive and stress-induced CNS adaptations serve to protect the divisions of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) and thus safeguard the numbers and diversity of their progeny neurons. The short-term protective mechanisms that we have identified in the CNS thus far include Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (Alk) signaling, re-wiring of target-of-rapamycin (TOR) signaling and the induction of lipid droplets with anti-oxidant properties. We have also investigated the long-term impacts of developmental undernourishment upon adult metabolism and lifespan. We observed that restricting dietary nutrients during development can, depending upon the subsequent adult environment, more than double the median lifespan of Drosophila. This developmental manipulation induces a long-term adaptive response in adult flies, which substantially alters their lipid metabolism. In particular, adults produce a less harmful blend of toxic lipids (autotoxins), which we have identified using NMR and mass spectrometry. Autotoxins are shed into the environment and so can decrease the lifespan of neighboring flies. Changes in autotoxin production and/or resistance may also contribute to the effects of other well-known regulators of lifespan. More recently, we observed that developmental exposure to low doses of pro-oxidants can also extend the lifespan of Drosophila adults. Surprisingly, this does not appear to be mediated by a hormesis-like response. We are currently testing alternative mechanisms that might underlie lifespan extensions by pro-oxidants.
Biography: Alex Gould obtained his BA and MA in Natural Sciences from King's College, University of Cambridge, UK. His PhD research was on Drosophila Hox genes with Rob White at the University of Cambridge. He was then awarded a Beit Memorial Fellowship to undertake postdoctoral training on vertebrate Hox genes with Robb Krumlauf at The MRC National Institute for Medical Research (NIMR) in Mill Hill where he established his own research group in 1998. In 2012, Alex was made Head of the newly formed Division of Physiology & Metabolism at NIMR. In 2015, he became a Senior Group Leader at The Francis Crick Institute.
Alex was elected to EMBO in 2008 and was awarded the Hooke Medal of the British Society for Cell Biology in 2011. He was elected to the Academy of Medical Sciences in 2013 and became a Wellcome Trust Senior Investigator in 2014. Alex sits on the Editorial Advisory Boards of Development and PLOS Biology and is a member of the Wellcome Trust/Royal Society Sir Henry Dale Fellowship Interview Committee. Alex's current research interests include the molecular, cellular and physiological mechanisms regulating growth and metabolism.


text:
Q: Why kernel code/thread executing in interrupt context cannot sleep? I am reading following article by Robert Love
http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/6916
that says
"...Let's discuss the fact that work queues run in process context. This is in contrast to the other bottom-half mechanisms, which all run in interrupt context. Code running in interrupt context is unable to sleep, or block, because interrupt context does not have a backing process with which to reschedule. Therefore, because interrupt handlers are not associated with a process, there is nothing for the scheduler to put to sleep and, more importantly, nothing for the scheduler to wake up..."
I don't get it. AFAIK, scheduler in the kernel is O(1), that is implemented through the bitmap. So what stops the scehduler from putting interrupt context to sleep and taking next schedulable process and passing it the control?

A: Because the thread switching infrastructure is unusable at that point.  When servicing an interrupt, only stuff of higher priority can execute - See the Intel Software Developer's Manual on interrupt, task and processor priority.  If you did allow another thread to execute (which you imply in your question that it would be easy to do), you wouldn't be able to let it do anything - if it caused a page fault, you'd have to use services in the kernel that are unusable while the interrupt is being serviced (see below for why).
Typically, your only goal in an interrupt routine is to get the device to stop interrupting and queue something at a lower interrupt level (in unix this is typically a non-interrupt level, but for Windows, it's dispatch, apc or passive level) to do the heavy lifting where you have access to more features of the kernel/os.  See - Implementing a handler.
It's a property of how O/S's have to work, not something inherent in Linux.  An interrupt routine can execute at any point so the state of what you interrupted is inconsistent.  If you interrupted the thread scheduling code, its state is inconsistent so you can't be sure you can "sleep" and switch threads.  Even if you protect the thread switching code from being interrupted, thread switching is a very high level feature of the O/S and if you protected everything it relies on, an interrupt becomes more of a suggestion than the imperative implied by its name.

A:
So what stops the scehduler from putting interrupt context to sleep and taking next schedulable process and passing it the control?

The problem is that the interrupt context is not a process, and therefore cannot be put to sleep.
When an interrupt occurs, the processor saves the registers onto the stack and jumps to the start of the interrupt service routine.  This means that when the interrupt handler is running, it is running in the context of the process that was executing when the interrupt occurred.  The interrupt is executing on that process's stack, and when the interrupt handler completes, that process will resume executing.
If you tried to sleep or block inside an interrupt handler, you would wind up not only stopping the interrupt handler, but also the process it interrupted.  This could be dangerous, as the interrupt handler has no way of knowing what the interrupted process was doing, or even if it is safe for that process to be suspended.
A simple scenario where things could go wrong would be a deadlock between the interrupt handler and the process it interrupts.

*

*Process1 enters kernel mode.

*Process1 acquires LockA.

*Interrupt occurs.

*ISR starts executing using Process1's stack.

*ISR tries to acquire LockA.

*ISR calls sleep to wait for LockA to be released.

At this point, you have a deadlock.  Process1 can't resume execution until the ISR is done with its stack.  But the ISR is blocked waiting for Process1 to release LockA.

A: I think it's a design idea.
Sure, you can design a system that you can sleep in interrupt, but except to make to the system hard to comprehend and complicated(many many situation you have to take into account), that's does not help anything. So from a design view, declare interrupt handler as can not sleep is very clear and easy to implement.

From Robert Love (a kernel hacker):
http://permalink.gmane.org/gmane.linux.kernel.kernelnewbies/1791
You cannot sleep in an interrupt handler because interrupts do not have
a backing process context, and thus there is nothing to reschedule back
into. In other words, interrupt handlers are not associated with a task,
so there is nothing to "put to sleep" and (more importantly) "nothing to
wake up". They must run atomically.
This is not unlike other operating systems. In most operating systems,
interrupts are not threaded. Bottom halves often are, however.
The reason the page fault handler can sleep is that it is invoked only
by code that is running in process context. Because the kernel's own
memory is not pagable, only user-space memory accesses can result in a
page fault. Thus, only a few certain places (such as calls to
copy_{to,from}_user()) can cause a page fault within the kernel. Those
places must all be made by code that can sleep (i.e., process context,
no locks, et cetera).

A:
So what stops the scehduler from putting interrupt context to sleep and taking next schedulable process and passing it the control?

Scheduling happens on timer interrupts. The basic rule is that only one interrupt can be open at a time, so if you go to sleep in the "got data from device X" interrupt, the timer interrupt cannot run to schedule it out.
Interrupts also happen many times and overlap. If you put the "got data" interrupt to sleep, and then get more data, what happens? It's confusing (and fragile) enough that the catch-all rule is: no sleeping in interrupts. You will do it wrong.

A: Disallowing an interrupt handler to block is a design choice. When some data is on the device, the interrupt handler intercepts the current process, prepares the transfer of the data and enables the interrupt; before the handler enables the current interrupt, the device has to hang. We want keep our I/O busy and our system responsive, then we had better not block the interrupt handler.
I don't think the "unstable states" are an essential reason. Processes, no matter they are in user-mode or kernel-mode, should be aware that they may be interrupted by interrupts. If some kernel-mode data structure will be accessed by both interrupt handler and the current process, and race condition exists, then the current process should disable local interrupts, and moreover for multi-processor architectures, spinlocks should be used to during the critical sections.
I also don't think if the interrupt handler were blocked, it cannot be waken up. When we say "block", basically it means that the blocked process is waiting for some event/resource, so it links itself into some wait-queue for that event/resource. Whenever the resource is released, the releasing process is responsible for waking up the waiting process(es).
However, the really annoying thing is that the blocked process can do nothing during the blocking time; it did nothing wrong for this punishment, which is unfair. And nobody could surely predict the blocking time, so the innocent process has to wait for unclear reason and for unlimited time.

A: Even if you could put an ISR to sleep, you wouldn't want to do it. You want your ISRs to be as fast as possible to reduce the risk of missing subsequent interrupts.

A: The linux kernel has two ways to allocate interrupt stack. One is on the kernel stack of the interrupted process, the other is a dedicated interrupt stack per CPU. If the interrupt context is saved on the dedicated interrupt stack per CPU, then indeed the interrupt context is completely not associated with any process. The "current" macro will produce an invalid pointer to current running process, since the "current" macro with some architecture are computed with the stack pointer. The stack pointer in the interrupt context may point to the dedicated interrupt stack, not the kernel stack of some process.

A: By nature, the question is whether in interrupt handler you can get a valid "current" (address to the current process task_structure), if yes, it's possible to modify the content there accordingly to make it into "sleep" state, which can be back by scheduler later if the state get changed somehow. The answer may be hardware-dependent.
But in ARM, it's impossible since 'current' is irrelevant to process under interrupt mode. See the code below:
#linux/arch/arm/include/asm/thread_info.h
94 static inline struct thread_info *current_thread_info(void)
95 {
96  register unsigned long sp asm ("sp");
97  return (struct thread_info *)(sp & ~(THREAD_SIZE - 1));
98 }

sp in USER mode and SVC mode are the "same" ("same" here not mean they're equal, instead, user mode's sp point to user space stack, while svc mode's sp r13_svc point to the kernel stack, where the user process's task_structure was updated at previous task switch, When a system call occurs, the process enter kernel space again, when the sp (sp_svc) is still not changed, these 2 sp are associated with each other, in this sense, they're 'same'), So under SVC mode, kernel code can get the valid 'current'. But under other privileged modes, say interrupt mode, sp is 'different', point to dedicated address defined in cpu_init(). The 'current' calculated under these mode will be irrelevant to the interrupted process, accessing it will result in unexpected behaviors. That's why it's always said that system call can sleep but interrupt handler can't, system call works on process context but interrupt not.

A: High-level interrupt handlers mask the operations of all lower-priority interrupts, including those of the system timer interrupt. Consequently, the interrupt handler must avoid involving itself in an activity that might cause it to sleep. If the handler sleeps, then the system may hang because the timer is masked and incapable of scheduling the sleeping thread.
Does this make sense?

A: If a higher-level interrupt routine gets to the point where the next thing it must do has to happen after a period of time, then it needs to put a request into the timer queue, asking that another interrupt routine be run (at lower priority level) some time later.
When that interrupt routine runs, it would then raise priority level back to the level of the original interrupt routine, and continue execution. This has the same effect as a sleep.

A: It is just a design/implementation choices in Linux OS. The advantage of this design is simple, but it may not be good for real time OS requirements.
Other OSes have other designs/implementations.
For example, in Solaris, the interrupts could have different priorities, that allows most of devices interrupts are invoked in interrupt threads. The interrupt threads allows sleep because each of interrupt threads has separate stack in the context of the thread.
The interrupt threads design is good for real time threads which should have higher priorities than interrupts.


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