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Krakatau One Day Tour
Krakatau Camping Tour
Krakatau Dive Tour
Krakatau Baduy Tribe Tour A
Krakatau Baduy Tribe Tour B
Krakatau Ujung Kulon Cruising Tour A
Krakatau Ujung Kulon Cruising Tour B
Krakatau Ujung Kulon Cruising Tour C
Krakatau Baduy Tribe Bogor Tour
Krakatau Baduy Tribe Bandung Tour
Ujung Kulon Adventure Tour A
Ujung Kulon Adventure Tour B
Ujung Kulon Expedition Tour A
Ujung Kulon Expedition Tour B
Ujung Kulon Discovery Tour A
Ujung Kulon Discovery Tour B
Ujung Kulon Trekking Tour A
Ujung Kulon Trekking Tour B
Baduy Tribe Ujung Kulon Tour A
Baduy Tribe Ujung Kulon Tour B
Baduy Tribe Krakatau Ujung Kulon Tour A
Baduy Tribe Krakatau Ujung Kulon Tour B
The Maps
Term Of Us
KRAKATAU AND UJUNG KULON NATIONAL PARK
Volcanic activity recommenced in May, 1883 and continued into August, the first eruptions appearing on the northern, Perbuatan volcano. The number of active vents increased on bothkrakatau explosion 1883 the northern volcanoes. On the 26 th and 27 th August series of cataclysmic explosions occurred which were heard 3500 miles away as far away as South Australia and Ceylon, was recorded as of the world's biggest explosion the force of 100.000 hydrogen bombs, They generated tsunamis (tidal wave) crashed ashore and devastated hundreds of town and village, reaching almost 10 miles inland in some places. The resulting killer waves at speed up to a 350 miles per hour and reached height of 135 feet that were registered even in the English Channel , 11.000 miles away and which in the Sunda - strait area were devastating, killing more than 36.000 people. That total volume of material ejected by the eruption is estimated at some 18 - 21 cubic kilometers, 30 km high into the atmosphere with an ash cloud circling the earth several times. Causing "blue suns" and "orange moons" Europe and North America . The amount of the sun's energy reaching the earth was reduced, and in the year or two that followed, annual average temperatures in the northern hemisphere were than usual.
In the aftermath of the explosion only about a third of Krakatau remained. The northern two thirds, including the volcanoes Perbutan and Danan and the northern half of the Rakata Volcano, were gone. In their place was a collapsed crater (caldera) 200m beneath the sea, covering an area of about 28 square kilometer. The remaining, southern part of Rakata was left as approximate half, cone with an almost perpendicular cliff from the summit (813 m) to the sea, providing a natural, geological section through the volcano. The other two islands, Sertung and Panjang, were enlarged considerably (Sertung doubled in size) by the glowing ash and pumice which smothered them to a depth of 30 meters. On Rakata, the south and west coasts were were extended almost a kilometer-seawards and the ash layer reached a thickness of 60 m in some areas, although probably much shallower on the steeper slopes. Weeks after the explosion, rain water turned into steam as it trickled into crevices and a even month later the surface was too hot for bare feet. It is believed that all life, plant and animal, was destroyed on the islands. Yet the three islands are now covered in forest, and over 200 species of higher plants and 36 species of land birds have been found on Rakata in the 1980s.
At some point in the distant past, Krakatau consisted of a single, large volcanic island. This island was destroyed in eruptions presumably of great violence, leaving three fragments of the original volcanic walls in a brokenbadul island ring, or caldera, around the edge of this original island. The three islands are now named Rakata, Sertung and Panjang. Subsequently, further eruptions began, building up the largest island (Rakata) back into the center of the caldera. As of 1883, the only previous recorded eruptions had come from this big island in 1680. The islands of Panjang and Sertung, then as now, remained dormant. Then in May of 1883, eruptions began again on the big island, and one by one, the three peaks of the island -- Perboewatan, Danan and Rakata -- each came into action as the cycle of building and destruction reached its peak. Finally, on August 27th, the sequence ended in catastrophe, as huge volumes of ejecta were hurled into the sky, plunging the surrounding region for a radius of 80 km into 57 hours of darkness. Relatively few people appear to have died as a direct result of the ejecta, but huge numbers died because of an indirect consequence of the eruption. As the magma chamber emptied, the outer walls of the volcano failed, and collapsed -- repeating the pre-historic caldera collapse -- displacing two-thirds of the island.
These events generated a series of giant waves, or tsunami, which steepened as they reached shallow waters. Lava forming islandsThese waves swept across the coastal lowlands of Java and Sumatra on either side of the Sunda Strait, killing an estimated 36,000 people and destroying many settlements. As an illustration of the forces involved, a government gunboat, the Berouw, was carried nearly 3 km inland and stranded behind a small hill 9 m above sea-level (the crew of 28 were amongst those who died). The violence ended abruptly, leaving a greatly re-shaped archipelago. In the centre of the caldera, where there had once been a substantial island, the sea-floor was reached at a depth of over 250 m. The three remaining islands were greatly re-shaped, and in places extensive new land surfaces had been created by the deposition of great thicknesses of pyroclastic ashes where once had been nothing but the sea. On the persisting areas of land, an average of 60-80 m of these ashes had been emplaced. The resulting landscapes were completely barren, and as far as can be established, no life survived. Plants and animals soon colonized, and the ecosystem re-building began -- a story we will come back to. Down in the depths of the earth, the emptied magma chamber will, once again, have begun to fill, eventually creating sufficient pressure to begin the construction phase of the cycle once again, naturally, pretty much in the center of the caldera
Forty year after the main explosion, in 1927, volcanic activity was seen in the sea covering the old caldera, between the sites of the two northernmost former volcanoes of Krakatau, where the greatest activity had occurred at the time of the cataclysm. A series of eruption 185 m below the surface of the sea resulted in the emergence of three new islands, one after the other. They were all son destroyed by surf. A fourth emerged from the sea on August 12th 1930. It remained above water, and was aptly named Anak Krakatau ( child of Krakatau ). This young and active volcano has been growing around 6 feet a year and still continues doing so. It grew by the accumulation of ash, and suffered a devastating eruption in 1952, and other very destructive one in 1971. It is now 300 m high and 5 Km in diameter, and is still active spurting fire and cinder, this like moonlike landscape. It is lonely volcanic island in the middle of the sea. The northeast coast, north foreland and east foreland are now vegetated; the succession of vegetation is still at an early stage, Casuarinas equisetifolia (cemara) being the dominant tree.
Generally rough except Anak Krakatau as its volcanic activities sustain the overall height. In 1976 it was only 169.67 M. in 1973 it was 189.48 and the last measurement was in 1985 when its height was 240 m, and was in 2008 more than 300 m.
The primary vegetation includes the Kilangir ( Chsiocheton Microcarpus ), Ketapang (Terminal Catppa),Melinjo (Gnetum Gnemon),Mara (Macaranggo Fanarius),Cemara (Casuarina Equisetifolia),Waru (Hibiscus Filioeus) Kampis (Hemadia Peltata), Hampelas (Ficus Ampelas), Cangkudu (Morinda Citrifolia
Not many animal to see, how ever if we are lucky enough, you might see the Bottle Nosed Dolphin (Delphmus Delphie), Flying fox (Pteropus Vampirus), Monitor Lizard (Varanus Salvator), Green Turtle (Cholonia Mydas), Champeleon (Calotes Cristaleus), or Python (Python Sp), Birds include the stork Billed – Kingfisher (Tonyseptra Galatea), Common Tern (Stama Hirundo) and white – Bellied sea Eagle (Heliastur Leucogaster )
Ujung Kulon has a vast array of wild life, quite a number Ujung Kulon has a vast array of wildlife, quite a number of which are endangered or rare. Some of the animals are so unafraid that they freely wonder in and around the tourist lodges, others are sighted almost every day, many are heard rather than seen, and some are rarely seen. Ujung Kulon National Park
The park's 120.551 hectares are divided into 76.214 ha of land and 44.337 ha of surrounding reef and sea. It can roughly be separated into three areas: the triangular shapedujung kulon map Ujung kulon Peninsula, the Gunung Honje Range to the east of the peninsula's isthmus and the island of Panaitan to the northwest. The highest points in the park are the 620 meters Gunung Honje, the Gunung Payung Range peaks of up to 500 meters and Panaitan Island 's Gunung Raksa at 320 meters. In the central section of the Peninsula is a large region of wilderness known as the Talanca Plateau which reaches 140 meters above sea level, however most consist of low rolling terrain seldom more than 50 meters above sea level
The park surrounded by unusually warm water, seldom varying from between 29C to 30C. The coastlines of the park are molded by the sea around them, battered by Indian Ocean; the long sandy beaches of the south coast are backed by dunes, lagoons and forest broken by rocky outcrops a wild and wind swept shore line.The west coast's reef-lined shore has cliffs, promontories and towering sea-stacks along sand and boulder beaches overhung by forest, creating the most spectacular coastline in the park.On the north coast, the sheltered tropical straits lap upon beaches of white sands and coral banks with islands, estuaries, swamps and forest lined shores.Along each coastline is variety of seascape which in all their diversity, offer a wide range of absorbing shoreline experiences.
The even that led to formation of the land we as Ujung kulon began about 200 years ago when what is now the Indian Continent broke away from the super-continent Gondwanaland. It collided with the Asian continent creating huge ripples across the earth's crust forming the snow-clad Himalaya along with Sumatra's mountain range, Bukit Barisan. It believed that the Ujung kulon Peninsula and the Gunung Honje Range were at that time the southern end of Bukit Barisan Range as Java and Sumatra were connected by a land-bridge. Then 20.000 to 15.000 years ago, the bridge collapsed to eventually form the Sunda Strait about 9.500 years ago
How ever, the period when the strait was formed is somewhat contradicted by an intriguing account in an early Javanese chronicle The Book of Kings. It states that in the year 416 AD the mountain Kapi (Krakatau) burst into peaces and sunk into deepest of the earth and the sea flooded the land from Gunung Gede near Bogor to mountain Raja Basa in Southern Sumatra. The chronicle concludes: After the waters subsided the mountain Kapi and surrounding land became sea and the island of Java was divided into two parts.
It is a curious fact that no sea straits between Sumatra and Java was known before 1.100's by the far ranging Chinese and Arabian traders and later European explores.Beneath the mountains and forest of Ujung kulon, carved by the thousands of centuries of rain, wind and sea, are foundation of the land - a young mountain system formed over the older strata of the Sunda Shelf. Geologically, the Ujung kulon Peninsula, Gunung Honje Range and Panaitan Island are part of this young tertiary mountain system while the central part of Ujungkulon is of older limestone formations which have been covered by alluvial deposits in the north and sandstone in the south. Much of underlying rocks and early soils of the park are covered by volcanic ash, in places up to 1 meter deep, a legacy from the Krakatau eruptions.
The mountain ranges were all formed by the same folding event in the Miocene period creating beneath the forest of the Gunung Honje Range an eastward tilting mountain block. A reminder of this activity is a geological fault line situated off the Tamanjaya coastline. It bisects the park beneath the isthmus as it passes through the Sunda straits connecting the volcanic islands of Krakatau to the major tectonic fault line to the south of Indonesia
Ujung kulon's tropical maritime climate, somewhat cooler than inland areas of Java, produces an annual rainfall of approximately 3.250 mm. Temperatures range between 25º and 30ºC, with a humidity level generally between 80% and 90%. April to October are the drier months, particularly between July to October. During these months there are long period of fine, calm weather with occasional spells of overcast skies, rain and rougher seas. The wetter season usually begins in November and finishes in March bringing an average of 400 mm of rain per month. The heaviest rains of December and January are often accompanied by squalls and strong winds, clearing the atmosphere and producing brilliant sunsets and spectacular panoramas (Margareth Clarbrough/Ujungkulon National Park Handbook)
The most precious of all the animalism the parks is the Java one-horjavan rhinoned rhinoceros, the rarest large animal on earth. Once found across much of south east Asia, the first accounts of the Java rhino date back to China 's Tang dynasty (A.D. 618-906) when Java was noted as a source for rhino horns. In Java during the 1700?s rhinos were so numerous and damaging to the agricultural plantations that the government paid a bounty for every rhino killed, bagging five hundred within two years. Ujung Kulon's rhino population is now estimated at around fifty individuals and they were believed to be the last remaining Javan rhino in the world until a small population was recently discovered in Vietnam . However, these are so few in numbers that their viability is unlikely and so Ujung Kulon remains the last home of this magnificent pachyderm. In appearance the Javan rhino is closest to the Indian rhino, both having a single-horn and skin folds or plates but there are distinct differences between their neck plates and skin textures.
The javan gibbonJavan rhino also has a long prehensile upper lip which extends below the lower allowing it to grasp foliage. The body shape of the Javan rhino is designed to push aside the undergrowth and only the male Javan rhino has a prominent horn while the female has a lump similar to a halved coconut. Earlier this century Javan rhinos were measures as being over 170 cm. At the shoulders, more than 3 meters in length and 2,200 kg. In body weight but a recent photographic survey indicates that the largest rhino in Ujung Kulon may be around 150 cm. in height. Rhino's range over a maximum distance of 15 to 20 kilometers a day in the densely forested lowlands of the Ujung Kulon Peninsula and to the east of its isthmus. They are most mobile at nights, like wallowing in mud pools and sometimes venture onto beaches and grazing grounds. Although actual sightings of rhinos are rare, their prints and droppings are often found on the trails, sometimes unnervingly fresh. Javan rhinos are believed to be capable of running as fast as a person and so advice to visitors, should they happen to come across one, is to climb the nearest tree and take a photo - in that order
Far more obvious animals in the park are the Javan rusaa deer that freely graze around the tourist lodges. These are the largest of the three deer species in Ujung Kulon. The rusa ags are at their most komodo lizardmagnificent in the mating season around August to September when the antlers have shed their velvet and territorial battles between the stags begin.
The smaller Barking deer has a long sleek head and measures around 60-70 cm. at the shoulders. The stags have short, two-pointed antlers and tusk-like canine teeth. Their favorite habitat is low to the ground and when fleeing their white under-tail catches the eye. The smallest is the Mouse deer which measures only 20-25 cm. in height and has a reddish-brown coat with white underpants. The stag does not have antlers but instead has long curving canine teeth that extend outside the mouth. In the early years visitors to Ujung Kulon witnessed a Mouse deer ripping open the stomach of a rival during a mating fight. Their habitat is within the forest and they rarely venture onto beaches and clearings.
Since pre-historic times these wild cattle have lived throughout Java and in the 17th century were used to carry loads but now the herds roam wild and are found in just a few locations throughout the island. The males have black coats while the females are usually a golden brown and both have white buttocks and stockings. A mature bull can measure over 170 cm. at the shoulders and although both sexes have horns, only the males are large and curved. Banteng favor open grassy clearings for grazing particularly early and late in the day but also feed on the forest's young secondary growth and are found throughout the Peninsula and southern Gunung Honje Primates Ujung Kulon has five species of primates with the brown, long-tailed, Crab-eating, macaques being the most commonly seen especially on beaches and reefs at low tide. Peucang Islands supports four separate groups numbering over two hundred individuals. The macaques? strongly hierarchical society is based on a matrilineal system - daughters stay with the mother as long as they live while juvenile males usually leave the group to join another group or become solitary.
Within the group structure there can be several adult males with one being the dominant but tolerant leader. Female macaques usually rank just below their mothers and, interestingly, above older sisters so that even babies from highly ranked mothers can control adult males and females. Primarily fruit eaters, the macaques? diet includes a wide variety of food and their cheek pouches can hold the equivalent of a stomach load of food which allows for hasty food gathering to be eaten later. Each group has its own territory and although they sleep in trees they do not build nests and unlike the park's other primates they are equally at home on the ground or in trees. Another primate, only found in Java, is the glossy
blackish-brown Javan silvered leaf monkey which has long, slender limbs and tail. They frequent most regions of the park particularly the Gunung Honje Range but unlike the macaques their groups are small and usually contain one adult male, several females and their young. The rarely seen Grizzled leaf monkey in slightly heavier than the Javan silvered leaf monkey and has a grey coat, long tail and head crest. Very small populations of this extremely rare and endangered monkey live in the Gunung Payung and Honje Ranges.
Also endangered is the Javan or Moloch gibbon which is unique to West Java and its habitat in Ujung Kulon is the primary forests of the Gunung Honje Range. These tail-less primates have grey fluffy coats and black faces and make a distinctive hooting call resembling their Indonesian name Owa. Gibbons are monogamous, mate for life and live in small family groups consisting of a male, female and one or more young. The young adults leave the group to roam the forest searching for a mate and new territory. The parks? fifth primate is the Slow Loris and being nocturnal, sightings are uncommon. Around 25 to 30 cm. in size, it has an ash-grey coat and large round eyes for night vision. The notable characteristic is its slow, smooth, perfectly co-ordinate movements' which allow it to freeze in mid-movement for self protection if disturbed.
Ujung Kulon has two types of wild pig, the Eurasian wild pig and the Javan warty pig. Similar in size and weight, the Eurasian wild pig sometimes has a light grayish-white stripe from the head to the chest while the male Javan warty pig has three pairs of lumps or warts on the face which can give an old male a monstrous appearance. The coat of the young Eurasian piglet has long yellowish-brown stripes and when disturbed they often make short loud grunts while warty pigs have a high pitched cry. Wild pigs are pressingly good swimmers and have been known to cross the 700 meters channel between the Peninsula and Peucang Island.
The cat family was represented by five species although the last positive sighting of a Javan tiger in Ujung Kulon was in the 1950?s and it is believed that they are now part of the long list of the world's extinct animals. However, leopards measuring over half a meter at the shoulder and over 1.5 meters in length, number as many as sixty in Ujung Kulon and their tracks are sometimes seen on beaches and stream beds. The black rosette on their coat have background colors that can vary from a light straw yellow to orange-yellow and it is not uncommon for the leopards to have completely black coats. Fishing cats, named for their ability to scoop fish out of water, are considerably smaller than leopards but larger than domestic and the jungle or leopards cats, which tend to frequent the boundary regions of the park near settlements
Between a fox and ferret in size with short legs, long muzzle and tail the same length as its body, the most often seen of these predators is the Common palm civet which is found throughout the park including Panatian Island. Wild Dogs These are quite different from the domesticated village dogs seen throughout Indonesia as they are smaller, squatter, have a red-brown coat and a fox like appearance. They live hunt in packs and in 1846 there was an account of hundreds of large turtles, some of hitch were well over a meter in length, being over-turned and killed by a dog pack on Ujung Kulon's south coast. Then unaccountably their numbers decreased to the point where they were never seen in Ujung Kulon until earlier this century when they again re-appeared, possibly partly due to the dwindling tiger population. BIRDS Although over 250 species have been recorded in Ujung Kulon, the birds are not always easily seen as many live high in the forest canopy or are vigilant inhabitants of the dense undergrowth. However it is the constant bird calls of Ujung Kulon that contribute to the atmosphere of the forest, for seldom is the park silent.
AMPHIBIAN AND REPTILS
# Crocodiles # Turtles # Frogs # Lizards # Snakes
The world's vast numbers of invertebrate species, which out-number the animals by ten to one, have extremely important roles as pollinators, re-cycles, pest controllers and generally keep the forests alive and healthy
The park has a wide variety of marine habitats. The rocky shores, mangrove swamps, mud flats, sea grass beds, coral reefs and sea trenches, providing diverse and fascinating insights into the underwater world.
The easiest to find particularly on the shores of Peucang islaand are the brilliantly colored reef browsing fish with colors and patterns from nature at its most vivid and creative. Of these perhaps the most beautiful is the black, white and lemon vertical striped Moorish Idols with long, sweeping dorsal fins emphasizing its gracefulness. Delicate yet boldly patterned butterfly fishes come in various shades white, yellow and orange with black markings and often have a black vertical stripe through the eye. usually found in pairs, when alarmed they use their fins and spines to firmly wedge themselves in crevices in the reef. The most common clownfish in Ujung Kulon are golden brown in color white bands across the body. Often found sheltering amongst the tentacles of sea anemones, the mucous of the clownfish contains a substance that makes the stinging anemone believe it is one of its own. Other outstanding fishes include the imaginatively patterned angelfishes of which the Emperor Angelfish with thin blue and yellow horizontal striped and a bright orange tail is a wonderful example Yet another spectacular species is represented by the Lionfish which motionlessly hovers over the reefs spreading black usually placid, if approached too closely can inflict an extremely painful sting from the row of poisonous spines along its back. Often the larger fish are just as eye-catching with brilliant red rock cod and snapper, range striped trigger fish, banded and mottled morays eels and exquisitely patterned surgeon fish. The colorful parrotfish has teeth that are fused into a parrot-like beak with which it crushes corrals and mollusk into fine coral sand. They sleep inside lose cocoons constructed of mucous, sand and weeds in crevices in the reef. Marine mammals that visit the coastline include the regularly seen dolphins and the unusual and rarely seen dugong or sea cow
The reef builders, the stony or hard corals make up the reefs of shallower waters. During the day many of these area are dull brown color but at nights they are transformed into miniature marine forests of plankton feeding tentacles Hard corals are built from the skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps and come in a wide variety of shapes. These can resemble rocks or branching stag horns, be flat-topped or cup shaped, appear like up-turned mushrooms or have fungi-like folding on tours. Their color tend to be more subdued than the soft corals because of the extra sunlight in shallow waters. The soft corals, colonizers of established reefs, do not have the limestone skeleton of the reef builders and instead are numerous polyp gathered around a fleshy centre. Their lovely formations vary from fan-like shapes to branching varieties or have finger-like tendrils and whips in colors that vary from the delicate to the vivid. The more delicate or leafy forms tend to be found in deeper waters as they are too fragile for strong currents
ESTUARIES AND FRESHWATER
The mudflats and stream of Ujung Kulon also hold a fascinating array of life forms. Mangrove swamps, rich in nutrients are home to two unique species of fish, the skipper and the archerfish. The bulging-eyed mudskippers, constantly seen hoping across the water surface, often venture onto land but must return to the water to replenish their gill chamber reserves. Mudskippers also have the most unusual attribute of being able to climbing trees. The clever little archerfish is named for its practice of squirting shafts of water over 2 meters high to knock insects off overhanging leaves. Yet another fascinating fish, that lives in the fresh waters of the park is a tool using fish. It clings to the underside of floating leaves which it then maneuvers, often against the current and from its hiding place preys on smaller fish. Ujung Kulon is alive with crabs of many sizes and colors. Perhaps the most common is the small whitish Ghost crab, aptly named because of its quick disappearances, which deposits tiny sand balls in fan shaped designs on beaches. Hermit crabs are the species that live inside shells, exchanging them for larger ones as the crab matures. The large holes found on the forest floor, sometimes many kilometers from the sea, are made by mature hermit crabs that have abandoned their shells. Fiddler crabs of colors that include bright red and turquoise are also easily identifiable because they have one claw far larger than the other and are sometimes seen engaging in group claw waving sessions in defense of their holes. the reefs and waters of the Park have an enormous variety of marine life. A vast world of shells, sponges, anemones, slugs, seahorse, squids, sea cucumbers, lobsters, shrimps, snails, jelly-fishes and worms- these are just a few of the numerous creatures for visitor to discover (Source: Indonesia's Ujungkulon National Park Handbook, written (by Margareth Clarbrougks).
© 2019 Krakatau Wild, Indonesia. All Rights Reserved


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Das Schloss Pfedelbach steht in der Ortsmitte der Gemeinde Pfedelbach im Hohenlohekreis. Heute beherbergt das Schloss den Bürgersaal, die ehemalige Schlosskapelle sowie zahlreiche Wohnungen. Der Innenhof wird als Parkplatz für die Mieter genutzt. Während des Hohenloher Kultursommers finden sowohl im Schlosshof als auch in der ehemaligen Schlosskapelle Konzerte statt. Die Gemeinde Pfedelbach nutzt die ehemalige Schlosskapelle als feierliches Trauzimmer.

Beschreibung
Wie viele andere Hohenloher Residenzschlösser wurde das Gebäude im Stil der Renaissance um einen Viereckhof errichtet. Das Schloss ist fast genau nord-südlich ausgerichtet. Es hat eine rechteckige Grundform im Verhältnis 1:2 (23,75 m × 47,50 m). Die Schmalseiten nach Norden und Süden sind mit rechteckigen Häusern besetzt, wiederum fast exakt mit einer Grundrissfläche 1:2 und 2 runden Ecktürmen, deren Durchmesser die halbe Gebäudebreite misst. An den Mitten ihrer Hofseiten, zu einem Drittel vortretend, haben sie achteckige Treppentürme, deren Durchmesser die halbe Gebäudebreite misst. An den Mitten ihrer Hofseiten, zu einem Drittel vortretend, haben sie achteckige Treppentürme, ein Drittel der Gebäudebreite zählend. Für den Schlosshof verbleibt somit zwischen den Häusern die halbe Gesamtlänge und er bildet dadurch, seine Außenmauern mitgerechnet, ein Quadrat. Die Mitte der westlichen Langseite besetzt ein weiterer Rundturm gleichen Durchmessers wie die Ecktürme. Deren Mittelpunkte liegen in den Ecken des Rechtecks und seiner Mauerflucht. Damit tritt nur der Halbkreis vor, die Ecktürme als Drei-Viertel-Kreise. Um den Halbmesser der Türme tritt entsprechend vor die Mitte der Ostseite der rechteckige Torbau vor, dessen ursprünglich geplante Länge drei Viertel der Breite der Wohnhäuser hatte und seine Grundfläche zunächst ein Verhältnis von wiederum fast genau 1:2.

Im Innenhof des Schlosses erkennt man Anklänge an toskanische Schlossbauten mit Arkaden. Am östlichen Flügel liegen im Innenhof zwei Umgänge übereinander. Aufwändige Ranken- und Blütenmalereien zieren die Gefache des Schlosses. Während der Barockzeit wurden im späten 17. und im 18. Jahrhundert alle Fenster der Renaissancezeit an beiden Häusern, ohne die Türme, einheitlich in hochformatige Fenster mit Korbbogen, profiliertem Gewände, Agraffenschlussstein und profilierter Bank umgewandelt. Das Schloss wird von einem allseitig gleich breiten Graben umgeben. Erbaut wurde das Pfedelbacher Schloss durch den Steinmetz- und Baumeister Sebastian Mayer aus Heilbronn.

Geschichte
Weil das Klima in Pfedelbach milder war als oben in seinem Schloss in Waldenburg, erbaute von 1568 bis 1572 Graf Eberhard von Waldenburg als seinen Wintersitz das Wasserschloss in Pfedelbach auf den Mauern einer vorhergehenden Ministerialenburg, ebenfalls einer Wasserburg. Die charakteristischen Ecktürme weisen die Anlage erkennbar als einen Bau aus der Mitte des 16. Jahrhunderts aus. Durch die tragischen Ereignisse der Waldenburger Fastnacht vom 7. Februar 1570 starb Eberhard am 10. März 1570, als der Bau in vollem Gange war. Seine Gemahlin Agathe vollendete die Burg und nahm dort ihren Wohnsitz.

Die prächtige Schlosskapelle, die gelegentlich für Hochzeiten und Konzertveranstaltungen genutzt wird, richtete 1732 Graf Ferdinand von Hohenlohe-Bartenstein an der Stelle der alten Backküche ein. Von 1811 bis 1888 diente die Schlosskapelle als katholische Pfarrkirche.

Über dem Wappenportal an der Eingangsseite des Schlosses hängt ein Allianzwappen Hohenlohe-Tübingen. Es geht zurück auf den Erbauer des Schlosses, vermählt mit Agathe, Gräfin von Tübingen. Die Grabtafel des Paares befindet sich in der Stiftskirche Öhringen.

Das Schloss Pfedelbach war lange Zeit Amtsort und Witwensitz des Hauses Hohenlohe. In der Zeit von 1806 bis 1840 war das württembergische Amtsgericht im Schloss untergebracht. In den Nachkriegsjahren waren zahlreiche Heimatvertriebene im Schloss untergebracht. 1951 wohnten 18 Familien in den Räumlichkeiten. Verhandlungen mit dem Jugendsozialwerk zur Nutzung des Schlosses scheiterten.

Die Gemeinde Pfedelbach erwarb das baufällige Schloss 1962 für 40 000 Mark von der Fürstin Clara zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein und renovierte es in mehreren Bauabschnitten. Am 17. Januar 1972 wurde der vollendete Nordbau eingeweiht. Die Fertigstellung der Sanierung wurde am 19. Juli 1979 mit einem Festakt im Schlosshof gefeiert. Bei den Sanierungsarbeiten wurde weitestgehend der ursprüngliche Renaissancestil wiederhergestellt. 1989 wurde der Zugang zum Schlossgraben verbessert. In den Jahren 2005 und 2006 wurde das Schloss erneut grundlegend saniert.
Den Bürgersaal nutzt man heute als Sitzungssaal und Veranstaltungsraum. Im Bürgersaal befinden sich neben anderen Gemälden ein Deckengemälde von Joachim Georg Creutzfelder sowie eine Kopie des Öhringer Stiftungsbriefes von 1037. Im Schloss sind auch zahlreiche Privatwohnungen eingerichtet. Dem alle drei Jahre wiederkehrenden Pfedelbacher Schlossfest gibt das Schloss sein passendes Ambiente.

Witwensitz
Gasthaus Sonne, früherer fürstlicher Witwensitz. Jahreszahl 1662 am Kellereingang. 1746 von Fürstin Anna Felicitas erworben, der Witwe des Fürsten Ferdinand von Hohenlohe-Bartenstein. Sie ließ das Haus umbauen und wohnte darin bis zu ihrem Tod 1751. 1769 verkauft an Oberjäger Carl von Tettenborn. 1781 erwarb der Faßmaler Johann Michael Probst das Anwesen und richtete das Gasthaus Sonne ein. Anschließend mehrere Besitzerwechsel bis 1990. 1990 von der Gemeinde Pfedelbach erworben. 1992 bis 1995 renoviert. Der Salon ist in allen seinen Einzelelementen erhalten geblieben. Vom Rocaille-Stuck der Decke bis zum Tafelparkett des Fußbodens. Die größte Besonderheit sind die erhaltenen barocken Landschaftstapeten.

Hofgarten
Zur Erbauungszeit des Schlosses Pfedelbach gab es neben Nutzgärten hinter dem Marstallgebäude noch den Lustgarten jenseits des Grabens vor dem Nordbau. Zu dem späteren barocken Herrensitz gehörte auch ein respektabler Garten, und so wird die Anlage eines solchen, westlich von Schloss und Hauptstraße, wohl auch dem Grafen Gottfried zuzuordnen sein. Da ein Renaissanceschloss von den Gestaltungsgrundsätzen seiner Zeit her in sich geschlossen und ohne weiterreichende Bezüge zu seiner Umgebung war, bestand in Pfedelbach keine Möglichkeit, einen größeren Garten sinnvoll anzubinden. Die westlich am Schloss vorbeiführende Hauptstraße war nur an ihrer Außenseite locker bebaut. Dahinter befand sich ein ebenes Gelände, für einen einigermaßen regulären Garten im Sinne des Barock geeignet. Noch die Urkarte zeigt 1833 hier einen Garten mit einem Mittelquadrat, von Wegen umzogen. Ein Gärtnerhaus und eine Orangerie müssen vorhanden gewesen sein.

Charlottenberg

In den Jahren 1712 und 1713 erbaute Graf Ludwig Gottfried für seine Gemahlin Luise Charlotte, geb. Gräfin von Hohenlohe-Langenburg, auf dem Heuberg hoch über Pfedelbach mit weiter Aussicht nach Norden in das Hohenloher Land hinein einen Belvedere, Schlösschen Charlottenberg genannt. Das Schlösschen wurde 1782 an Bauern verkauft. Vorübergehend von den Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein zurückgekauft, wurde es 1945 durch Artilleriebeschuss schwer beschädigt und 1947 dann als Wohnhaus mit Scheuer wieder aufgebaut. Heute ist es in seinen letzten Resten als sechsachsiger, rechteckiger Bau mit Walmdach überkommen. Im Volksmund wird das Anwesen als Charlottenschlössle bezeichnet. Im Baugebiet Panorama 2 in Heuberg wurde eine Straße Am Charlottenschlössle benannt. 2020 wurde das Charlottenschlössle vom Besitzer grundlegend saniert.

Literatur
 Gerhard Taddey (Red.): Pfedelbach 1037–1987. Aus Geschichte und Gegenwart (= Forschungen aus Württembergisch-Franken. Bd. 30). Herausgegeben von der Gemeinde Pfedelbach. Thorbecke u. a., Sigmaringen u. a. 1987, ISBN 3-921429-30-7.
 Walther-Gerd Fleck: Das Schloss Pfedelbach 1572–1988. In: Württembergisch Franken. Bd. 77, 1993, , S. 7–122 (Auch Sonderdruck).
 Gemeinde Pfedelbach (Hrsg.): Die Sonne in Pfedelbach. Ein edles Haus mit wechselvoller Geschichte. Gemeinde Pfedelbach, s. l. s. a. (Herstellung: Druckerei Göhringer).

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Pfedelbach
Pfedelbach
Bauwerk in Pfedelbach
Kulturdenkmal in Pfedelbach
Pfedelbach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Williams » Williams Magazine » Summer 2017 » Study » En Plein Air
From "The Forests of Antarctica," by Mike Glier '75, professor of art. Oil on a variety of grounds, including canvas, paper and panel, ranging in size from 12×12 in. to 78×128 in. 2012-present.
"The Forests of Antarctica," a new painting series by Williams art professor Mike Glier '75, addresses the environmental implications of place and globalism, "a tremendous stretch of perception and experience that defines our time," he says. Glier's process begins en plein air, or outdoors. His 2007-2008 collection of paintings, "Along a Long Line," told the story of a yearlong trip along a single line of longitude. His next project, "Antipodes," begun in 2009, brought him to locations on opposite sides of the globe from one another. While working on "Antipodes" in New Zealand in 2012, Glier got the inspiration for "The Forests of Antarctica." "It was very windy there, and despite the rocks I'd put to hold down my easel, the wind kept picking my panel up and tossing it," he says. "The wind was winning, so I decided to draw it." He was encouraged by the unexpected results of drawing something that is invisible but can be felt. So, he says, "I began to include sound and smell and touch as sources." That was in 2013, and since then he has made hundreds of sketches based on the things he can sense as he draws in one of the four forests he's come to know over the years in the Berkshires, along the coast of northern Maine, in the central mountains of New Mexico and on the island of St. John. When he returns to his Williamstown studio, he uses the sketches to make compositions whose shapes suggest but don't fully describe animals, plants, watercourses and outcroppings. "Sometimes the positive form is the image, and sometimes the negative form is the image," he says. "The paintings depict a possible distant future where the temperature is warm enough to support exuberant life in Antarctica, but it's life we can't quite recognize." —Julia Munemo
Artist Statement Excerpt:
Each form in these pictures is self-contained, but since it shares edges with other forms, the integrity is dependent on its neighbors. Like an ecosystem, the forms are at once discrete and dependent, and like things glimpsed while hiking, they flicker into consciousness and dissolve into space. When drawing and painting out of doors, there isn't a break between thinking and doing. In the best moments there is no lag between the movement of the sun and the wind and response of the brush and the knife. Stimulus and response becomes a single thing, and the experience is one of feeling very connected with the subject. It's a delightful state of being in which what is inside gets thoroughly mixed up with what is outside. This loss of consciousness during moments of deep engagement is common and familiar to anyone who has taken a deep dive into reading a book, cooking a meal or making love, only to be surprised at just how far away one has been when swimming back to consciousness, breaking the surface with a shake of the head to say, "Oh, my goodness, where was I? I lost track of time." These paintings are a record of those kinds of moments and a demonstration of the human potential for empathy. I hope these landscape pictures advocate for responsive and respectful engagement between people and the environment [and] advocate for intimacy with what's outside. If there's any sort of environmental agenda here, if there's anything useful to what I'm doing culturally, it's about modeling a relationship with what's outside that is reciprocal.
Photograph: Shannon O'Brien
Also in Study
Docs: Under the Influence?
Depression in Adolescent Girls
« Summer 2017 »
Begins the Quest
On the occasion of the graduation of Williams' 400th QuestBridge scholar in June, the magazine looks at the college's work to expand access to students from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.
The Face of Sacrifice
Before you can understand ISIS, you need to understand the evolution of martyrdom over 13 centuries of Middle Eastern history and culture.
Making Friends With the Enemy
CIA agent Jack "Cowboy" Platt '58 was assigned to recruit KGB operative Gennadiy Vasilenko to spy for the United States. Instead, the Cold War enemies forged a secret and remarkable friendship that lasted the rest of their lives.
President Adam Falk on diversity and complexity.
Readers respond to our coverage of the endowment, President Emeritus John Chandler and more…
A look at Commencement, 50 years of environmental studies, sculptural costumes and more…
Threats to the republic, doctors under the influence, giving God a backbeat, and more…
Russian professor Darra Goldstein on culinary diplomacy and the lesson of a broken egg.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Error while configuring concurrency in Spring Security 3.05 I get the following error while configuring concurrency in Spring Security 3.05.  I am using Tomcat 7.  I have followed the Spring Security documentation and cannot understand why I get this error.
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'org.springframework.security.filterChainProxy': Cannot resolve reference to bean 'concurrencyFilter' while setting bean property 'filterChainMap' with key [/**] with key [0]; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'concurrencyFilter' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException: Failed to convert property value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry' for property 'sessionRegistry'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry] for property 'sessionRegistry': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:328)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveManagedList(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:353)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:153)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveManagedMap(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:378)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:161)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1325)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1086)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:192)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:585)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:895)
    at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:425)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.createWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:282)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(ContextLoader.java:204)
    at org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener.contextInitialized(ContextLoaderListener.java:47)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext.listenerStart(StandardContext.java:4723)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5226)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext$1.call(StandardContext.java:5221)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask$Sync.innerRun(FutureTask.java:334)
    at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:166)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1110)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:603)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:722)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'concurrencyFilter' defined in ServletContext resource [/WEB-INF/applicationContext-security.xml]: Initialization of bean failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException: Failed to convert property value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry' for property 'sessionRegistry'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry] for property 'sessionRegistry': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:527)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:456)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory$1.getObject(AbstractBeanFactory.java:293)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:222)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:290)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:192)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.BeanDefinitionValueResolver.resolveReference(BeanDefinitionValueResolver.java:322)
    ... 27 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException: Failed to convert property value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry' for property 'sessionRegistry'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry] for property 'sessionRegistry': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertIfNecessary(BeanWrapperImpl.java:481)
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertForProperty(BeanWrapperImpl.java:518)
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertForProperty(BeanWrapperImpl.java:512)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.convertForProperty(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1371)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.applyPropertyValues(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1330)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1086)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:517)
    ... 33 more
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry] for property 'sessionRegistry': no matching editors or conversion strategy found
    at org.springframework.beans.TypeConverterDelegate.convertIfNecessary(TypeConverterDelegate.java:233)
    at org.springframework.beans.BeanWrapperImpl.convertIfNecessary(BeanWrapperImpl.java:466)
    ... 39 more

Here is my spring security configuration file:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
  xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/security
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security-3.0.xsd">

    <http auto-config="false" use-expressions="true"
        access-denied-page="/jsp/accessDenied.jsp"
        entry-point-ref="authenticationEntryPoint">
        <intercept-url pattern="/login.jsp" filters="none" />
            <intercept-url pattern="/**" access="hasRole('ROLE_USER')" />
        <logout invalidate-session="true" logout-url="/logout.htm"
                logout-success-url="/login.jsp?loggedout=true"/>
            <custom-filter ref="authenticationFilter"
                position="FORM_LOGIN_FILTER"/>
            <custom-filter ref="concurrencyFilter"
                position="CONCURRENT_SESSION_FILTER"/>
  <!--          <security:custom-filter ref="singleEntryFilter"
                after="CONCURRENT_SESSION_FILTER"/> -->
            <session-management session-authentication-strategy-ref="sas"/>
    </http>
 <!--   <bean id="singleEntryFilter"
        class="SingleEntryFilter"
        p:redirectURI="/login.jsp">
            <property name="guardURI">
                <list>
                    <value>/jsp</value>
                </list>
            </property>
    </bean> -->
    <beans:bean id="authenticationFilter"
        class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter">
           <beans:property name="sessionAuthenticationStrategy-ref" value="sas"/>
            <beans:property name="authenticationManager-ref" value="authenticationManager"/>
            <beans:property name="authenticationFailureHandler-ref" value="customAuthenticationFailureHandler"/>
            <beans:property name="authenticationSuccessHandler-ref" value="customAuthenticationSuccessHandler"/>
    </beans:bean>
    <beans:bean id="customAuthenticationFailureHandler"
        class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SimpleUrlAuthenticationFailureHandler">
        <beans:property name="defaultFailureUrl" value="/login.jsp?authfailed=true"/>
    </beans:bean>
    <beans:bean id="customAuthenticationSuccessHandler"
        class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.SimpleUrlAuthenticationSuccessHandler">
            <beans:property name="defaultTargetUrl" value="/index.jsp" />
    </beans:bean>
    <beans:bean id="authenticationEntryPoint"
        class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.LoginUrlAuthenticationEntryPoint">
        <beans:property name="loginFormUrl" value="/login.jsp"/>
    </beans:bean>

    <authentication-manager alias="authenticationManager">
    <authentication-provider user-service-ref="userDetailsService">
            <password-encoder ref="passwordEncoder"/>
        </authentication-provider>
    </authentication-manager>
    <beans:bean class="org.springframework.security.authentication.encoding.Md5PasswordEncoder"
            id="passwordEncoder"/>
    <user-service id="userDetailsService">
            <user name="username" password="ee11cbb19052e40b07aac0ca060c23ee"
                authorities="ROLE_USER, ROLE_ADMIN" />
            <user name="test" password="21232f297a57a5a743894a0e4a801fc3"
                authorities="ROLE_USER" />
    </user-service>
    <beans:bean id="concurrencyFilter"
        class="org.springframework.security.web.session.ConcurrentSessionFilter">
        <beans:property name="sessionRegistry" value="sessionRegistry"/>
        <beans:property name="expiredUrl" value="/login.jsp?loggedout=true" />
    </beans:bean>
    <beans:bean id="sas"
        class="org.springframework.security.web.authentication.session.ConcurrentSessionControlStrategy">
        <beans:property name="maximumSessions" value="1" />
        <beans:constructor-arg name="sessionRegistry" ref="sessionRegistry" />
    </beans:bean>
    <beans:bean id="sessionRegistry"
        class="org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistryImpl" />
</beans:beans>

A: I think the error message is pretty descriptive:

Error creating bean with name 'concurrencyFilter' defined in [...] org.springframework.beans.ConversionNotSupportedException: Failed to convert property value of type 'java.lang.String' to required type 'org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry' for property 'sessionRegistry'; nested exception is java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot convert value of type [java.lang.String] to required type [org.springframework.security.core.session.SessionRegistry] for property 'sessionRegistry': no matching editors or conversion strategy found

Looks like all you have to do is changing:
<beans:property name="sessionRegistry" value="sessionRegistry"/>

to:
<beans:property name="sessionRegistry" ref="sessionRegistry"/>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Search for: "Wes Studi"
The hippest cast in history has united to become the funniest superhero team ever. Ben Stiller, Janeane Garofalo, Hank Azaria, William H. Macy, Greg Kinnear, Geoffrey Rush and Paul Reubens join forces in this wild, funny and thoroughly original misadventure. When Captain Amazing, Champion City's legendary superhero, falls into the hands of the evil madman Casanova Frankenstein and his disco-dancing henchmen, there's suddenly a chance for the aspiring superheroes to show what they can do. They'...
International action superstar Jean-Claude Van Damme teams with Raul Julia for a thrill-packed adventure on an epic scale from the screenwriter of Die-Hard, 48 HRS. and Commando. Based on the best-selling video game, the film hurtles beyond imagination with explosive action, humor and amazing special effects. Van Damme is Colonel Guile, the Allied Nations commando who leads an elite team of street fighters against the forces of the mad General M. Bison (Julia). Bison, who has hatched an evil...
Doom / Street Fighter Double Feature
Doom: A frantic call for help from a remote research station on Mars sends a team of mercenary Marines into action. Led by The Rock and Karl Urban, they descend into the Olduvai Research Station, where they find a legion of nightmarish creatures, lurking in the darkness, killing at will. Once there, the Marines must use an arsenal of firepower to carry out their mission: nothing gets out alive. Based on the hugely popular video game, DOOM is an explosive action-packed thrill ride! Street...
Along Came Polly / Reality Bites / Mystery Men Triple Feature
Along Came Polly : Reuben Feffer (Ben Stiller) is a guy who's spent his entire life playing it safe. Polly Prince (Jennifer Aniston) is a free spirit who lives for the thrill of the moment. When these two comically mismatched should collide, Reuben's world is turned upside down as he makes an uproarious attempt to change his life from middle-of-the-road to totally-out there! Reality Bites : Ben Stiller, Winona Ryder, Ethan Hawke, Janeane Garofalo and Steve Zahn star in this smart and insightful...
Van Damme 5-Movie Action Pack
Get ready for hard-hitting action with one of the biggest martial arts stars of all time, Jean-Claude Van Damme, in the Van Damme 5-Movie Action Pack . This adrenaline-pumping collection includes five of his most popular films: Hard Target , The Quest , Street Fighter , Sudden Death and Lionheart . Loaded with nonstop adventure, incredible fight sequences and jaw-dropping stunts, it's the ultimate edge-of-your-seat action set!


Used Xerox Copiers for rent.
Rentxerox is specialized in Used & Refurbished Xerox Copiers. We have over 1500 used copiers in stock from different brands like Xerox, Canon, Ricoh, KonicaMinolta, HP, Oce, Nashuatec tec.
Because we have so many copiers en printers from different brands and the changing availability on a day to day basis, we advice you to get in touch with us so we can inform you on what machines are available.
We have dedicated service engineers who are specialized in Xerox, if you wish to have your machines serviced or repaired they can do the job.
So if you are interested to have a great offer, please contact mister Remi Lok via email or phone.


Well, I've managed to stay pretty awake all night long, but now I'm pretty wiped out. Check-in for the flight to Cuba begins at 8, but departure isn't until noon, a very long time to wait.
Hope to find a Sunday NY TIMES to look at and then to recycle, passing it on to English-speaking friends in Cuba. It seems to wasteful to read a newspaper and then just throw it out. I've got yesterday's NYT and the weekend WALL STREET JOURNAL, which I went through on the plane yesterday and will pass on in the next hours.
At the airport in Havana I'll change money (this time, due to the sharp increase in the value of the USD, I've brought USD for the first time since I've been coming to Cuba. The Cubans will, hopefully appreciate it. Then I'll catch a cab into the city and get settled into the casa particular I've rented, one I've stayed in previously. It's on the third floor of the building and has a terrific view of the city, especially at night. Will see what kind of energy I have once I settle in.
The first thing I'm going to want to to is to walk around the neighborhood and see how it's changed since I was last here. The agro at 19th and B will be closed, but I have friends in the neighborhood whom I can drop in on. Another friend promised he'll help me get set up to use the WiFi over on La Rampa. I'm kind of torn between impulses. Do I want to get connected to the Internet or just walk around, see friends and soak up the atmosphere? If I have the energy, I'll probably do that, though one really high priority is getting my cell phone hooked up.
Have just been listening to Gerardo's BBC interview. You should listen to it, too.


text:
Q: DataRow to bool casting I have an xml file from which I read data in the unit test : [DataSource]
For the xml line : <DataBool>true</DataBool>, I try to read value by :
bool bData = (bool)TestContext.DataRow[4];

But it throws exception - invalid casting.What is the possible efficient solution?

A: If there's no schema associated with it, then it's probably just a string.  If so, use bool.Parse or bool.TryParse to convert it from a string to a bool.

A: When you have int-tinyint value in DB :
int.Parse(dataRow["column_name"].ToString()) == 1 ? true : false


text:
using Redmine.Net.Api.Types;
using Xunit;

namespace xUnitTestredminenet45api
{
	[Trait("Redmine-Net-Api", "Roles")]
	[Collection("RedmineCollection")]
    public class RoleTests
    {
        public RoleTests(RedmineFixture fixture)
        {
            this.fixture = fixture;
        }

        private readonly RedmineFixture fixture;

        [Fact, Order(1)]
        public void Should_Get_All_Roles()
        {
            const int NUMBER_OF_ROLES = 3;
            var roles = fixture.RedmineManager.GetObjects<Role>();

            Assert.NotNull(roles);
            Assert.All(roles, r => Assert.IsType<Role>(r));
            Assert.True(roles.Count == NUMBER_OF_ROLES, "Roles count(" + roles.Count + ") != " + NUMBER_OF_ROLES);
        }

        [Fact, Order(2)]
        public void Should_Get_Role_By_Id()
        {
            const string ROLE_ID = "5";
            const int NUMBER_OF_ROLE_PERMISSIONS = 1;
            const string ROLE_NAME = "CustomRole";

            var role = fixture.RedmineManager.GetObject<Role>(ROLE_ID, null);

            Assert.NotNull(role);
            Assert.True(role.Name.Equals(ROLE_NAME), "Role name is invalid.");

            Assert.NotNull(role.Permissions);
            Assert.All(role.Permissions, p => Assert.IsType<Permission>(p));
            Assert.True(role.Permissions.Count == NUMBER_OF_ROLE_PERMISSIONS,
                "Permissions count(" + role.Permissions.Count + ") != " + NUMBER_OF_ROLE_PERMISSIONS);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our company, wholesaler Transaktor Europa, was founded in 2006 out of a desire to bring local products from the Italian Piedmont region to Finland. The green Piedmont region is located in the north-western part of Italy and is well known worldwide, especially for its Barolo, Barbera and Barbaresco wines. Culinarians also know that the captivating black and white diamonds, the fresh truffle mushrooms, originate from this area.
Today, our product range consists of premium class foods from the entire Italy. We also act as an importer of alcoholic beverages. In addition to Italian products, we are the Finnish representative of the Tea Forté tea assortment.
Our customers in the HoReCa sector are gourmet restaurants, hotels, catering and wellness companies as well as retailers of our products.
We cooperate with small and medium-sized producers and manufacturers who use traditional manufacturing methods and local raw materials. The cooking capability, versatility and natural flavour and freshness are still the selection criteria for our product range.
As a private customer, you will find our products on display at our showroom store, La Tartufata, in Helsinki, and at our distributors' locations. We also sell unique food gifts! The La Tartufata store offers authentic and original flavours directly from Italy.


Two of the best live shows at Disney World are held several times daily at the Animal Kingdom. The park is in the southwest corner of Walt Disney World and is not too far from the Coronado Springs Resort, which is host to many conventions. If you are a visitor with limited time, Disney's Animal Kingdom is a perfect choice. You can experience great thrills such as Expedition Everest and Kali River Rapids. Some of the best food at Disney World is served at Yak & Yeti restaurant, and character meals are offered at Tusker House.
If after visiting the park you are ready for a real gourmet meal check out Jiko – The Cooking Place at the nearby Animal Kingdom Lodge – Jambo House. Musical fans will get their fill with not one– but two fabulous productions, the Festival of the Lion King and Finding Nemo.
Finding Nemo is arguably the most elaborate live show in any Disney World theme park. Incorporating dancing, special effects, and sophisticated digital backdrops of the undersea world, it features on-stage human performers retelling Nemo's story with colorful, larger-than-life puppets.
To be fair, "puppets" doesn't adequately convey the size or detail of these props, many of which are as big as a car and require two people to manipulate. An original musical score was written for the show, which is a must-see for most Animal Kingdom guests. Performance are held at Theater in the Wild.
This energetic production, inspired by Disney's Lion King feature, is part stage show, part parade, part circus. Guests are seated in four sets of bleachers surrounding the stage and organized into separate cheering sections, which are called on to make elephant, warthog, giraffe, and lion noises (you won't be alone if you don't know how to make a giraffe or warthog noise).
There is a great deal of parading around, some acrobatics, and a lot of singing and dancing. By our count, every tune from The Lion King is belted out and reprised several times. No joke—if you don't know the words to all the songs by the end of the show, you must have been asleep. Festival of the Lion King is shown at Harambe Theater, near Tusker House.
Both Animal Kingdom shows are major attractions. To get a seat, show up 20–25 before showtime or use Fastpass+, performance times are listed in the handout park map or Times Guide.
Recommended reading for readers on a short or impromptu trip to Walt Disney World: Mini Mickey the CliffsNotes-style version of The Unofficial Guide to Walt Disney World. The latest edition of Mini Mickey is now available in a bookstore near you.


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Q: How can I wipe Windows from the command line? I need to erase all my data before giving out my old computer but I don't have the Windows CD.
How can I wipe my C: drive from the command line?

A: format c: /fs:NTFS /p:1

The format command used in this way will format the E drive with the NTFS file system and write zeros to every sector of the drive once.
A single pass of zeros to a hard drive will prevent all sofware based file recovery programs from extracting information from the drive. If you'd like to protect yourself from more invasive ways of recovering data, increase the number of passes or, better yet, choose a true data destruction program with more advanced options.

A: I recommend using DBAN (Darik's Boot and Nuke).
You can burn a CD from this download, boot to the CD and then erase the disk.

A: You can choose to reformat the partition before installing the new OS; this will by default erase the contents of the partition.
Alternatively, you can boot from a live Linux distribution (like Ubuntu) and run the GParted tool. It will give you a graphical representation of the drives on your computer and allow you to delete existing partitions and reformat them in a number of different ways, including FAT, FAT32 and NTFS.
You can also try KillDisk to permanently erase the contents of the partition/disk.


Richards Price £ 319.00 or just £15 P/M with 18 interest free payments.
Visit the Tripleplay website for full details of this incredible device.
Available for demonstration in store. Contact Richard for details.


I've been using the Specialized Trivents for a little while now and I am more than impressed with them. I have made some big changes that I really didn't think would happen.
1: I switched to sockless riding. Before this I would have never even thought about it because my other shoes would have a couple of hot spots and I just couldn't justify all of the trouble with blisters.
2: I ride with my shoes slightly loose and now my feet feel a lot more rested and less stressed when I get out of them and start running. If I need them tighter I just reach down and rotate the BOA system a couple of clicks and I am in business. Tightening and loosening these shoes are really so simple and amazingly convenient.
3: I used to sit down, put on my socks, put on my shoes, walk to T1 with my bike, slowly click in, and then start rolling. I did this because I just didn't have the right shoe… Now I run to the bike, jump on, no socks, and start riding. My T1 time at Ironman Mont-Tremblant is going to be SICK FAST!! I can't wait!
Check out this quick video to get an overview on the Trivent and how it works.
2. They function as triathlon specific shoes fulfilling all the needs that elite pros need, and even us "lackey wanna be Ironman Triathletes" like myself.
3. They are ultra COMFORTABLE.