Thanks estimated was waiting when the editor picks will be included to work with pad modes , greetings .
OK, there was a bug with the visibility set on pad-panels. Sorry for that.
Big thanks ad the admins for the quick approve.
I gotta say, this skin is pure Genius... Thanks so much. I Love It!
Hallo, i have a problem with the display "the thing-skin 1.0a"...i hope y can help me!
I have VirtualDJ 8.1 b2857 PC und i take no controller and Factory default mapping.
That's the problem. This skin is for VDJ 8.2.
If you want to use it, you got to update VDJ.
leider habe ich noch immer ein Problem mit den Pads.
Ich kann diese über den Controller nicht wechseln.
Denke ich bleibe erst mal bei Deinem alten Skin ... muss am WE wieder auflegen.
Hello I encounter a display problem with the reset button BPM.
Please choose the pitch-reset-speed one time from the skin-options right corner.
Hi, I really like this Skin but I can't use it because, I use only 2 decks, I use a Vestax 380, I load my tracks by pressing the Tab button which is 'browser_enter' after i use this for the 3rd time your skin loads up Deck 3 (green) as I'm using the 2 Deck option, I'm unable to proceed and I have to go back to the default skin, can you get a fix for this?
There are a couple of solutions. You could modify a line in the skin XML so that VDJ treats it as a two deck skin, or you could change the script on the 'tab' button to be smarter. Instead of using browser_enter it could specifically state only to load to either deck 1 or deck 2.
Thanks for givin' the thing a try.
Well, I'm doing a complete rescan of my music-files via Platinum notes, so I'm not able to to help at this time until this job is done. It will take about 2 more days, I guess.
I will come back as soon as possible.


text:
Bend Whitewater Park attracts 2,200 floaters a day during summer season
Thu., Sept. 7, 2017
The WaveShaper feature in the Deschutes River at the Bend Whitewater Park in Oregon. (Andy Tullis / Bend Bulletin)
RIVERS -- This year, in its first full summer season, more than 231,000 people floated the Deschutes River through the Bend, Oregon, Whitewater Park passageway channel on inner tubes, kayaks or paddleboards.
The Bend Bulletin reports that's roughly 2,200 floaters each day between May 15 and Aug. 22.
Ride the River shuttle, which ends for the season Monday, has seen a steady increase in riders this summer.
The Bend Whitewater Park, built, in part, with money from a $29 million bond passed by voters in 2012, opened in September 2015 but closed a month later for repairs.
Repairs last winter that cost almost $535,000 addressed problems with people getting hurt, hung up on rocks, puncturing their tubes or getting dumped into the water.
"The floating experience is still a river, so there have been some instances of cuts and bumps on the rocks that staff have witnessed or heard about, but these instances are infrequent, and the feedback has been mostly positive this summer," park district spokeswoman Julie Brown said.
The nearby rental shop for kayaks and other craft saw a bump in business. On peak days, the park district estimates 200 to 300 surfers and kayakers used the whitewater channel's four artificial waves.
Spokane had made steps starting in 2005 and acquired support and $500,000 in funding toward a whitewater park on the Spokane River near the Sandifur Bridge in Peaceful Valley, but the plans have been shelved because of several issues including concerns for redband trout passage and spawning.
Posted Sept. 7, 2017, 6 a.m.
By Rich Landers
richl@spokesman.com
Rich Landers joined The Spokesman-Review in 1977. He is the Outdoors editor for the Sports Department writing and photographing stories about hiking, hunting, fishing, boating, conservation, nature and wildlife and related topics.
Follow Rich online:
Recent Outdoors blog posts
Go to the full Outdoors page
Rich Landers
Eli Francovich
davenichols

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Seattle Night One: Emerald, crimson and gold for late night drinks!
After catching the Mariners game at Safeco field on our first day in seattle, we went back to the hotel to change and get ready to get some late night drinks.
Luckily, our hotel has a great restaurant just right across and a few steps away. Joey's has always been a home away from home when it comes to late night drinks and it never disappoints!
Great start to a fun weekend!


Introduction to the structure of standard modern Hebrew. This class is intended for students with no previous instruction in the language or for those who have had some unsystematic exposure to it. Practice in reading, writing, basic use and grammar. In addition to texts, relevant cultural materials are provided through the use of video and technology based materials.
Direct continuation of Hebrew 101 with emphasis on enhancing basic reading, writing, and speaking skills in standard modern Hebrew. In addition to reading texts, relevant cultural materials are provided through the use of audio, video and technology based materials.
Direct continuation of Hebrew 102 with emphasis on enhancing reading comprehension and writing and speaking skills in standard modern Hebrew. Students enrolling are expected to have a good understanding of basic Hebrew grammar structures, including familiarity with common verb forms. In addition to texts, relevant cultural materials are provided through the use of video and technology based materials.
This is a fourth semester course in the Hebrew language series designed as a direct continuation of HEB 103. The focus of instruction is on the enhancement of language skills through the acquisition of complex morphological and syntactical structures and the expansion of vocabulary and idioms. The course has an emphasis on oral and written communication in both standard and colloquial modern Hebrew. In addition to reading texts, relevant cultural materials are provided through the use of audio, video and technology based materials.
A one-semester introduction to classical Hebrew for beginners. The course will cover the Hebrew writing system (alphabet and pointing/vocalization rules), basic grammatical structures and vocabulary, and the guided reading and translation of selected simple biblical narratives.
Designed to develop advanced reading and conversational skills using various materials including Israeli newspapers, Hebrew movies and songs, and texts from modern Hebrew literature (fiction and poetry). Writing skills are enhanced through a series of related home-assignments. Review of Hebrew verbal system and syntactical structures and enrichment of vocabulary are also among the objectives of this course.


text:
Litorânea Aero Táxi, or simply Litorânea was a regional airline based in São Luis, Brazil.

Fleet

Let 410 PR-VLA

Routes

Fortaleza (Pinto Martins International Airport) - Camocim - Parnaíba - Barreirinhas - São Luís
São Luís - Teresina - Parnaíba - Fortaleza (Pinto Martins International Airport)

See also
List of defunct airlines of Brazil

External links
Litorânea Aero Táxi

Defunct airlines of Brazil

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


As expected , Grand Theft Auto V has appeared on Steam , boasting of a number of enhancements to the game as well as an all-new video editor.
Grand Theft Auto V appeared on Steam today, a few days after Rockstar finally confirmed that it will in fact be released for the PC . According to the description, the game "will take full advantage of the power of PC to deliver across-the-board enhancements including increased resolution and graphical detail, denser traffic, greater draw distances, upgraded AI, new wildlife, and advanced weather and damage effects for the ultimate open world experience."
It will also come with a video editor "designed for advanced movie-making," just like the PC version of its predecessor, Grand Theft Auto IV . That editor allowed users to capture in-game footage, make edits in real-time, render the clips as WMV movie files and upload them to the Rockstar Social Club.
There's still no hard release date, but Steam has Grand Theft Auto V pegged for the fall. In the meantime, check out this impressive (one might say obsessive) analysis of the GTAV PC announcement trailer for a look at some of the upgrades the PC release will bring to Rockstar's latest and greatest simulated playground.


text:
#region Copyright
// Copyright 2014 Myrcon Pty. Ltd.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
#endregion
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using NUnit.Framework;

namespace Potato.Service.Shared.Test {
    [TestFixture]
    public class TestArgumentHelper {
        /// <summary>
        /// Tests the four falsey strings will equate to false.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestIsFalsey() {
            Assert.IsTrue(ArgumentHelper.IsFalsey("false"));
            Assert.IsTrue(ArgumentHelper.IsFalsey("False"));
            Assert.IsTrue(ArgumentHelper.IsFalsey("0"));
            Assert.IsFalse(ArgumentHelper.IsFalsey("1"));
            Assert.IsFalse(ArgumentHelper.IsFalsey("True"));
            Assert.IsFalse(ArgumentHelper.IsFalsey("Literally anything else"));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests that a value is numeric and is returned. Ignored for now since no localization makes it fail on different systems around the world.
        /// </summary>
        [Test, Ignore]
        public void TestNumericSuccess() {
            Assert.AreEqual(50.01F, ArgumentHelper.ParseNumeric("50.01"));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests that if the input string isn't numeric then the default value will be returned.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestNumericFailureReturnDefault() {
            Assert.AreEqual(49.99F, ArgumentHelper.ParseNumeric("gg", 49.99F));
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests an empty list will produce an empty arguments dictionary
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsEmptyList() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>());

            Assert.IsEmpty(arguments);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests an empty value in the string list will result in an empty arguments dictionary
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsEmptySingleValueInList() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                ""
            });

            Assert.IsEmpty(arguments);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests an empty lone value acting as a key will be ignored from the end the list
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsEmptyKeyAtEnd() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key",
                "value",
                ""
            });

            Assert.AreEqual(1, arguments.Count);
            Assert.AreEqual("value", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests an empty value at the start of the string list will be ignored
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsEmptyKeyAtStart() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "",
                "-key",
                "value"
            });

            Assert.AreEqual(1, arguments.Count);
            Assert.AreEqual("value", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests an empty lone value acting as a key between two defined key-value's will be ignored
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsEmptyKeySandwich() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key1",
                "value1",
                "",
                "-key2",
                "value2",
            });

            Assert.AreEqual(2, arguments.Count);
            Assert.AreEqual("value1", arguments["key1"]);
            Assert.AreEqual("value2", arguments["key2"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests passing through a -key without a value will give it a value of "1"
        /// for flags implied as being "on"
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsImpliedFlagEnabled() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("1", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests passing through a -key without a value will give it a value of "1"
        /// for flags implied as being "on"
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsImpliedFlagEnabledUpdate() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key",
                "value",
                "-key"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("1", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests passing through a -key with a value will set that key to value.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsExplicitValue() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key",
                "value"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("value", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests passing through a -key with a value will set that key to value, updating
        /// existing values if they already exist in the arguments
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsExplicitValueUpdate() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key",
                "value1",
                "-key",
                "value2"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("value2", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests passing through a -key with a value will set that key to value, updating
        /// existing values if they already exist in the arguments even if both keys
        /// were passed through with different case
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsExplicitValueUpdateCaseInsensitive() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key",
                "value1",
                "-Key",
                "value2"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("value2", arguments["key"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests passing through multiple values in a row will create sequential keys for each value
        /// e.g -key "value" "value1" "value2" =
        /// { -key, value }, { 1, value1 }, { 2, value2 }
        /// </summary>
        /// <remarks>
        /// This is just a shorthand way of supplying arguments in an order, not named. We always treat the
        /// arguments as named arguments though.
        /// </remarks>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsMultipleValuesGeneratedKey() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key1",
                "value1",
                "generated0",
                "generated1"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("value1", arguments["key1"]);
            Assert.AreEqual("generated0", arguments["0"]);
            Assert.AreEqual("generated1", arguments["1"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests that a value requiring a generated key in the middle will
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsMultipleValuesGeneratedKeySuffixedWithSetKey() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-key1",
                "value1",
                "generated0",
                "-key2",
                "value2"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("value1", arguments["key1"]);
            Assert.AreEqual("generated0", arguments["0"]);
            Assert.AreEqual("value2", arguments["key2"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests that a named key "0" will maintain it's value when a generated key
        /// that would usually occupy "0" requires a key.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsMultipleValuesGeneratedKeyPreviouslySet() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-0",
                "value0",
                "generated0"
            });

            Assert.IsNotEmpty(arguments);
            Assert.AreEqual("value0", arguments["0"]);
            Assert.AreEqual("generated0", arguments["1"]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This test ensures that ordered input will result in ordered output with dictionary values.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsAlphaKeysValuesOrderingMaintained() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-a",
                "A",
                "-b",
                "B",
                "-c",
                "C"
            });

            List<String> values = new List<String>(arguments.Values);

            Assert.AreEqual("A", values[0]);
            Assert.AreEqual("B", values[1]);
            Assert.AreEqual("C", values[2]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Test ensures that unordered input will result in ordered output with dictionary values.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsAlphaKeysValuesOrderingSorted() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-a",
                "A",
                "-c",
                "C",
                "-b",
                "B"
            });

            List<String> values = new List<String>(arguments.Values);

            Assert.AreEqual("A", values[0]);
            Assert.AreEqual("B", values[1]);
            Assert.AreEqual("C", values[2]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// This test ensures that ordered input will result in ordered output with dictionary values.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsNumericKeysValuesOrderingMaintained() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-1",
                "A",
                "-2",
                "B",
                "-3",
                "C"
            });

            List<String> values = new List<String>(arguments.Values);

            Assert.AreEqual("A", values[0]);
            Assert.AreEqual("B", values[1]);
            Assert.AreEqual("C", values[2]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Test ensures that unordered input will result in ordered output with dictionary values.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestToArgumentsNumericKeysValuesOrderingSorted() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "-1",
                "A",
                "-3",
                "C",
                "-2",
                "B"
            });

            List<String> values = new List<String>(arguments.Values);

            Assert.AreEqual("A", values[0]);
            Assert.AreEqual("B", values[1]);
            Assert.AreEqual("C", values[2]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests that if all keys are numeric, then the arguments remain unchanged.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestScrubAlphaNumericKeysUnchangedWhenOnlyNumeric() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "A",
                "B",
                "C"
            });

            arguments = ArgumentHelper.ScrubAlphaNumericKeys(arguments);

            List<String> values = new List<String>(arguments.Values);

            Assert.AreEqual("A", values[0]);
            Assert.AreEqual("B", values[1]);
            Assert.AreEqual("C", values[2]);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// Tests that if all keys are numeric, then the arguments remain unchanged.
        /// </summary>
        [Test]
        public void TestScrubAlphaNumericKeysRemovedNonNumericKeys() {
            var arguments = ArgumentHelper.ToArguments(new List<String>() {
                "--Password",
                "mySecretPassword",
                "A",
                "B",
                "C"
            });

            arguments = ArgumentHelper.ScrubAlphaNumericKeys(arguments);

            List<String> values = new List<String>(arguments.Values);

            Assert.AreEqual("A", values[0]);
            Assert.AreEqual("B", values[1]);
            Assert.AreEqual("C", values[2]);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The Federal Bureau of Investigation is equipping its elite teams with Aimpoint Micros.
Specifically, the FBI Hostage Rescue Team and Defensive Systems Unit were authorized to choose between the Aimpoint Micro T-2 and Micro H-2 red dot sights. The HRT chose to equip its agents with the T-2 on Spuhr mounts, while the DSU selected the H-2 as its optic of choice.
The switch came after the Bureau conducted a battery of tests on optics from different manufacturers. After the selection process, the Aimpoint Micro T-2 and H-2 were authorized.
The Micro T-2 features a 1x optic with a 2 MOA dot. The sight itself weighs only three ounces and is compatible with all generations of night vision devices. There are four night-vision-compatible settings along with eight daylight settings.
Though the T-2 is battery-operated, ACET technology allows for a battery life of 50,000 hours of continuous operation. The scope housing itself has a hard-anodized non-reflective finish and is submersible down to 80 feet.
The Aimpoint Micro H-2 features many of the same tough qualities as the T-2, as well as the incredible 50,000-hour battery life, but doesn't quite measure up to its cousin. The H-2 is submersible down to a depth of 15 feet and weighs 3.3 ounces. Despite not having night vision settings, the H-2 does exceed the T-2 in one respect: It has 12 daylight settings compared to the T-2's eight.
For more specifics on the Aimpoint Micro T-2 and H-2, visit Aimpoint's website here.


I would love to vacation here!
I love the wooden screen most of all.
Cute for my Christmas tree!
Nice ...but still needs a bright pop of color.
Click on the *Pinterest* button on the right sidebar for even more!
Thank you! Way to multitask, Adrienne! :) I like the way you think, as I'd love to do the same!


text:
Mitosystems
Mitopia®
Mitopia® Blog
Videos, Demos, & Papers
Blog A maze of twisty little passages
A maze of twisty little passages
In the previous two posts I have introduced both the concept of stemming as well as Mitopia's framework for combining multiple stemming algorithms with backing dictionaries in order to improve stemmer accuracy in any given language. In this post I want to describe the basic concepts of the Fairweather Stemmer (referred to hereafter as the 'new stemmer'), a patented new stemming algorithm that:
Can be applied to any language or scripting system held as UTF-8 text.
Can be trained by normal people to attain close to 100% accuracy in a language (standard algorithms max out at 30% or less). A complete GUI environment for training (not detailed in this post) is provided.
Unlike today's algorithms, can generate multiple roots for any given word. Handles multi-root words, suffix and prefix stripping & mapping.
Generates true linguistic (human readable) roots.
Maps/conflates non-English stemmed roots to English equivalents to allow accurate cross-language and multi-language search.
Is fast enough to be applied in all standard stemming applications.
Runs within the previously described stemming framework and so can take advantage of high speed specialized dictionaries (people, places, proper names, acronyms, etc.).
Essentially this universal stemming approach, based as it is on shortest path techniques, rather than linguistic principles (which of course are different for each language), has the potential to replace all other stemming algorithms while vastly improving stemming accuracy and utility thus greatly improving text search, regardless of language. The technique is fundamental to Mitopia's cross language querying capabilities, but can be applied in any other search context through use of the available stand-alone library.
Now that we have described the stemming framework itself and how it is integrated with any existing database, it is possible to describe the shortest-path based stemming algorithm in isolation from any surrounding context. As discussed previously, the new stemmer algorithm is based on the premise that in essentially all languages, it is possible to construct all word variations from the following basic pattern:
[ Prefix ] Root { [ Infix ] Root } [ Suffix ]
The algorithm requires an extremely fast lexical analyzer lookup in order to allow it to recognize all the various word portions above. In the preceding description of the basic stemmer context structure, the fields 'fRoots', 'fPrefix', 'fSuffix', and 'fInfix' represent the various recognizers required by the lexical analyzer LX_Lex() in order to recognize all allowed string fragments that make up any of the legal values for the root, prefix, suffix, and infix sequences in the language concerned. These dictionaries are loaded automatically during initialization (within "makeStemmerContext") by the framework if the corresponding files are present in the directory for the language concerned. Given these dictionaries, the algorithm for the stemmer comprises a main routine and a recursive subroutine, where the main routine essentially handles exploring all possible combinations of prefix and suffix (including of course no prefix and no suffix), while the recursive inner subroutine is responsible for exploring all sequences of root(s) and infix fragments that could make up the central portion of the word being stemmed. The inner subroutine must be recursive (or equivalent) in order to handle arbitrary numbers of roots within a word as implied by the phrase "Root { [ Infix ] Root }".
If there is more than one prefix or suffix involved, the algorithm sorts them by increasing order and then appends the no prefix and no suffix case to the end of this sorted list. The prefix/suffix loop in the main routine then start from the no prefix/suffix case and proceed backwards from the longest prefix/suffix to shorter prefixes and suffixes. This strange ordering is chosen for a number of important reasons viz:
By starting with the no prefix, no suffix case, the common case of recognizing a word that is already a complete root word (i.e., has no prefix or suffix) is examined first, and if found, the loops are immediately terminated thus ensuring that this common case results in minimal execution time.
Sometimes as a result of the vagaries of the cost curves discussed below, a situation arises where the minimum cost path through a word does not result in the correct stem, and this cannot be fixed by any other means that adding a longer root word fragment mapped to the same root output to cause a new lower cost path. The fact that the no affix (i.e., no suffix and prefix) case occurs first allows this technique to be used in the final resort to solve any otherwise unsolvable problem with cost calculations, since as can be seen, the routine will stop immediately if it recognizes a naked root word.
After the no suffix/prefix case, the fact that the loop then continues in decreasing order of affix size is taken advantage of by the inner recursive function in order to differentially favor longer trailing roots in the word over longer suffixes, and this logic significantly reduces the amount of dictionary tweaking necessary to overcome suffix/trailing root ambiguities.
When constructing the list of suffixes for any given word, the function first inverts the order of the characters in the word, and then uses a variant of LX_Lex() to obtain a set of suffixes. It was noted earlier that the custom option 'kFlipCharOrder' when passed to the dictionary load routine, causes it to construct a recognizer for the dictionary entries with the character order swapped. Since this option is always specified when suffix dictionaries are loaded, the recognizer is already set up to recognize the suffixes that start the flipped word to be stemmed, and thus the algorithm avoids a great deal of time and complexity that would otherwise be required in order to obtain a list of all potential suffixes.
Cost Calculations
The algorithm obtains a cost measure for both the prefix and suffix as well as roots and infixes by calling the cost calculator function set up in the basic context field 'fCostCalc', and passing it the word part involved, the number of characters involved, and the average number of bytes per character for the language (set up by the "makeStemmerContext" call in the basic context field 'bytesPerChar' which is 1 by default). It is actually possible to alter this calculation for a given language by overwriting the default value placed in this field by QX_InitBasicStemContext(). Thus far however, and somewhat surprisingly, we have found that the default cost calculator function appears to work well for all languages, regardless of script system, and for this reason, it it recommended that you do not change the cost computation for your language unless it is clear that some unique feature of the language makes this necessary.
If we plot the cost curve for each word part against the normalized number of characters involved (i.e., divided by the average number of UTF-8 bytes per character in the language) we see the graph depicted above.
root: cost = 2N – N/2 + 1
prefix: cost = 2N + 1
suffix: cost = 2N -2
infix: cost = 2N + 2
From the cost curves we can see a number of significant points that are crucial in order to minimize the number of special cases that must be explicitly handled in the dictionaries, thereby minimizing dictionary size and reducing the amount of work necessary to get correct results in all cases.
The first point is that at the low end of the character axis, the cost of suffixes is significantly less than that of roots, whereas as the root fragments become longer they become significantly cheaper than the corresponding suffix. This behavior serves two main purposes, the first is that the algorithm tends to favor small suffixes at the end of a word rather than finding a path by stringing together multiple roots. As an example, consider the English word "contraction" which can be parsed either as two roots as in "contract" and "ion" for a cost of 20, or as a single root "contract" followed by the suffix "ion" for a cost of 17. This behavior causes the ambiguity between small trailing root words like "ion" and suffixes to be resolved in favor of the suffix in most cases, and it turns out that this is normally the appropriate behavior. As the length of the suffix increases however, this behavior becomes inappropriate, since long suffixes might cause significant trailing roots to be lost. An example of this is the English word "rationalistically", which can be parsed in two ways, namely as the root "ration" followed by the suffix "alistically" (cost 30), or the root "rational" followed by the suffix "istically" (cost 29). The increased cost associated with the long suffix "alistically" is what causes the longer root "rational" to be chosen over the shorter root "ration". We can see that there is a grey area in the curves for root and suffix sizes of 4 or 5 characters, and it is this grey area that is the reason why the algorithm proceeds from the longest suffix to the shortest, since this allows the inner recursive loop to detect a situation where the costs are identical and choose in favor of the longer root when this occurs. Because the longer root will be examined after the shorter one, the algorithm has all the information necessary to make the right choice.
The higher costs of prefix fragments over roots ensures that prefix sequences are only chosen over alternate root fragments when appropriate, and the various words beginning with "ab" in Table 1 show examples of this behavior. The fact that infix sequences are far more expensive than any other component is designed to prevent the possibility of multi-root words being chosen over longer roots as a result of being split by small one or two letter infix sequences.
The plus 1 term for root words is critical in ensuring that any word that can be interpreted either as two adjacent roots or as a single longer root is resolved in favor of the longer root. An example in English might be the word "beestings" which has nothing to do with bees or their stings. In addition, the inner recursive routine keeps track of its recursion depth which corresponds to the number of roots that have been chained together in the path, and it also adds this depth value to the cost for any root word fragments. This results in paths constructed by chaining multiple small roots becoming progressively more expensive as the number of roots increases. This again has the beneficial effect of further favoring longer roots. As mentioned above, experience has shown that these curves appear to work quite well regardless of language, however, the framework allows alternate cost curves to be substituted for any language if the defaults do not result in easy dictionary management.
Mapping Fragments to Stemmed Output
Another aspect of the outer stemming algorithm that still needs to be explained is it's behavior in copying the results of the stemming process back to the stemmed output buffer. The inner recursive algorithm, which evaluates root and infix sequences, returns the result of the inner parse into a buffer (which may contain one or more words as a result of root word mapping) to the outer routine. Since both prefix and suffix fragments can optionally be mapped to an output word, the outer routine must assemble a sequence of words in the right order to represent the extracted meaning. This behavior of outputting multiple words in response to stemming is unique to the new stemmer and yet it is critical to improving search results since without it, prefix stripping (at least in English) becomes impossible, and the dictionaries must be much larger and also less expressive. Examples of the need for this are shown in Figure 1 (earlier post) where the words "abnormally" and "abaxial" are broken into two output words with a leading "not" that is generated as a result of prefix mapping. In English, if the stemmer failed to do this, and the search was for the word "normal", then no hits would be returned for documents containing the word "abnormal", even though this is incorrect behavior. Note however that with the new stemmer this is not the case. Also note that searches for "abnormal" will return not only hits containing words derived from "abnormal", but more importantly, if the author chose to say "not normal" instead of "abnormal", these documents will also be returned as a result of stemming on the query terms.
The mapped fragments for the prefix and suffix, if relevant (suffixes in English rarely result in a mapping, whereas prefixes usually do, but the situation is different in other languages), are fetched from the appropriate dictionaries and pre-pended by default to the output text. Note however that the algorithm allows the dictionary entry to start with a "+" character, and this instead results in appending the word after the word(s) resulting from root mapping. In other languages, due to the differing ordering or words, it is often more correct to append rather than prepend affix mappings, and clearly this is fully supported by the algorithm. The multi-root words in Table 1 such as "abdominothoracic" and "abdominoanterior" are also examples of how existing stemming approaches fail to provide accurate search results, since if the search was on the word "abdomen", neither of these words would result in hits in a classic stemming system. Similarly a search on "thorax" would fail to return documents containing the word "abdominothoracic". In certain specialized fields such as medicine or chemistry, where words are commonly constructed from multiple significant roots (the word divinylbenzene in Table 2 is an example), this shortcoming in today's text search systems can be critical, and hence the new stemming algorithm can provide considerable benefit.
One complexity that has been glossed over up until now is the fact that certain prefix and suffix fragments may well be identical to a root fragment (examples are the prefix "arch" or the suffix "less"). In these cases the algorithm will probably choose the root over the affix because of the cost curves, whereas we may instead wish to re-interpret (or suppress) the meaning if the root is being used as an affix rather than a root. For example in the English word "clueless" we may wish to map the trailing root "less" in this case to cause the stemmed output to become "without clue" which is the correct effect of the suffix "less". Clearly we cannot do this if the "less" is recognized as a root since its meaning as a root is simply "less". In fact the situation can be considerably more complex, an example being the trailing suffix/root "able", "ably", "ability", "abilities", "ableness" etc. If we wish to recognize these words as suffixes and strip them off to produce no output (i.e., "teachable" -> "teach" and not "teach" "able"), we must make sure that for the root "able", all possible suffix forms are recognized by the root dictionary, and then in the suffix dictionary we must also enter each suffix form of "able" and map the output to "-" alone. A mapped output starting with a '-' character forces the affix to be output before the root words, but this is redundant since this is the default behavior, and so a mapping of just "-" with no additional text can be used to suppress output altogether. Similar cases occur with roots used as prefixes so for example when the root "arch" occurs as a prefix (as in archangel), its meaning on output must be re-mapped to "chief" rather than "arch". The logic associated with detecting and performing these essential re-mapping behaviors is quite complex and is invoked within the algorithm as required. Without these behaviors, certain words in many languages cannot be stemmed to their true meanings.
Some of the same problems occur with certain root fragments independent of affixes. For example, consider the English word "sexennial" which may be recognized as a fragment leading to recognizing the root word "six" but the remaining "ennial" cannot realistically be associated with the word year since the spelling in this case is not derived from "annual". In this case we want to preserve the hidden root "ennial" as "year" in our output as in "six year". To do this we can enter the fragment itself under the root "six" using the form "sexennial+year" and as in other occurrences of the '+' character is dictionaries, this causes the text that follows the '+' to be output after the root. In fact in other languages, the situation can be more complex than this and the root dictionary fragments support any of the following forms:
fragment — simply copy the corresponding root word to the output buffer
fragment- — this means the root cannot be followed by other roots. Handy for dealing with overlapping situations such as "super" and "superb" as in the word "superbitch" in order to force "super bitch" rather than "superb itch".
fragment-root2{ root2n} — copy root2 (and optionally any following roots) to output buffer, followed by space, followed by root word
fragment+root3{ root3n} — copy the corresponding root word followed by a space, then root3 (and any following roots) to the output
fragment-root2{ root2n}+root3{ root3n} — effectively the same as adding the two preceding forms allowing output both before and after the root
Once again, the logic to handle these output mappings is complex and in broken out into a separate routine invoked by the main stemmer routines. The dictionary option "kStopAtPlusMinus" discussed under the "makeStemmerContext" plug-in is required in order to support this behavior and by default is set for the "fRoots" dictionary.
In this post we are only interested in describing the behavior of the algorithm at a sufficient level to allow understanding for the purposes of populating the stemmer dictionaries and resolving conflicts in the cost calculations when they occur.
The top listing (1) above gives the high level pseudo-code for the outer function of the algorithm, while lower listing (2) gives the pseudo-code for the inner recursive function. For clarity, most of the details have been omitted from both listings. The routine of (2) has two sections, the upper section handles recursive calls looking for the sequence "{[ infix ] Root }" while the lower section handles the initial "Root" term which cannot be preceded by an infix sequence. Obtaining a list of all possible infix sequences in handled in the same manner as obtaining a list of affixes in the outer algorithm, but uses the 'fInfix' dictionary and given this list, the routine loops over all possible infixes, computing the infix cost and then calling a variant of LX_Lex() to recognize any trailing root. If a trailing root is found there are two possible conditions, either that root contains enough characters to complete the path, or it does not, in which case the routine must call itself recursively to look for another "[infix] Root" path to complete the parse of the remaining characters.
As with the outer routine, the infix and root costs are compared with the minimum cost found so far in order to determine if a new lower cost path through the inner text has been found, and if so, the mapped output for this path is copied to the output buffer. Note that the routine adds the recursion depth 'depth' to the cost for any root found, and, as discussed previously, this logic is intended to favor finding longer roots over sequences of smaller roots. In the case where the current root is the last root required to complete the parse, the routine contains logic to determine if this root is longer than any previously found trailing root, and if so, to alter the root cost in order to cause the resulting path to be 1 cheaper than the previous path with the shorter trailing root. As discussed previously, this logic is intended to favor longer trailing roots over longer suffixes.
The actual code for these routines is considerably more complex, and is heavily instrumented to allow callers to obtain a detailed insight into the paths explored by the algorithm and the cost calculations involved. This fact is taken advantage of extensively by the development GUI to allow the dictionary developer to understand how the algorithm is operating in any given stemming sequence.
Stemming Compound Words, an Example
To give an example of the true power of the algorithm to take apart complex words, consider the English word "abetalipoproteinemia" which is a rare disorder affecting the absorption of fats and vitamins. The disease is related to the affliction "lipoproteinemia", which is in turn derived from the root words "lipid", "protein", and "emia" meaning disease or sickness. The "abeta" portion of the word refers to a special group of lipids known as "beta" lipids and the preceding "a" implies that the root of the disorder is the inability to transport beta lipids. Obviously any conventional stemming algorithm has absolutely no chance of maintaining the relationships of this word with any of the constituent parts of the word after stemming, and thus anyone searching on any of these concepts will be unable to directly find any reference to this rare disorder.
Figure 1- Stemming the Word "abetalipoproteinemia"
Figure 1 above shows the debugging printout from the Mitopia® stemming development environment when asked to stem the word "abetalipoproteinemia". Each line of the printout represents a possible path to stemming the word explored by the algorithm. Notice first that the stemmer output is "not beta lipid protein sick" which amazingly enough, is exactly the output one would require in order to maintain searchability of this disease and all its related concepts. The format of the "Paths" listing in Figure 1 will be described in detail later, however, from the listing we can see that the algorithm explored a total of 81 possible paths through this word, finding just 3 complete paths to account for the entire word. Of the paths found, the lowest cost path (with a total cost of 38) was comprised of the following sequence of fragments:
Prefix:'a', Root:'beta', Root:'lipo', Root:'protein', Suffix:'emia'
After output mapping, this path results in the correct stemming output of "not beta lipid protein sick". Clearly anyone searching on the terms "lipoproteinemia", "proteinemia", "lipid", "protein", "beta lipid" and any one of a number of other search terms, would have correctly found this reference giving this stemmer output, and such cannot be said of any other algorithm.
To clarify the path searching nature of this algorithm including the inner paths, Figure 2 below illustrates the complete set of paths explored by the algorithm for this one word as indicated by the path listing shown in Figure 1. In Figure 2, dotted paths indicate a failed attempt to connect the node to indicated suffix (an unconnected dotted path indicates failure to connect to all suffixes). The chosen path is indicated in red while the two alternate paths (more costly) are indicated in blue. The label "r=" indicates a fragment chosen from the "fRoots" root dictionary while "i=" indicates a fragment chosen from the "fInfix" infix dictionary.
Figure 2 – Paths Through the Word "abetalipoproteinemia" (Click to enlarge)
Understanding Stemmer Path Traces
The format of the shortest path search trace displayed in the paths display control is a series of one line entries comprised of the bracketed path segments that make up the path being explored as follows:
[P:prefix | cost] – This is the prefix sequence in effect for the path concerned and also the cost for that prefix according to the cost-calculator function. If there is no text between the ':' and the following '|', no prefix was in effect. In most cases is there is no prefix in effect, the "[P:…]" sequence is omitted entirely.
[S:suffix | cost] – This is the suffix sequence in effect for the path concerned and also the cost for that suffix according to the cost-calculator function. If there is no text between the ':' and the following '|', no suffix was in effect. In most cases is there is no suffix in effect, the "[S:…]" sequence is omitted entirely.
[I:infix | cost] – This is the infix sequence in effect for the path concerned and also the cost for that infix according to the cost-calculator function. If there is no text between the ':' and the following '|', no infix was in effect. In most cases is there is no infix in effect, the "[I:…]" sequence is omitted entirely.
[R:root | cost] – This is the root sequence in effect for the path concerned and also the cost for that root according to the cost-calculator function.
Since there can be multiple roots in sequence with optional infix fragments between them, multi-root words may display a repeated series of infix and root blocks on any given line. Figure 1 in the preceding section shows a good example of a large and complex path dump.
The order of the lines appearing in the output correspond to the search order used by the algorithm to explore the paths. If a path fails to complete a successful parse, the corresponding line terminates with the text "– No Match". If the algorithm determines that the cost of the path so far exceeds the current minimum cost, even if it has not completely explored the path, it aborts and the line is terminated with the text "– Abort" (see the screen shot to the right). This optimization behavior is not detailed in the description of the algorithm since it is not relevant to the algorithm itself but is merely a timing optimization. In addition, the algorithm contains a further optimization to not explore the recursive inner portion for the same prefix if on a previous pass, the total number of characters processed is less than that implied by the selected suffix length, since it is clear without exploration that this would not lead to a positive result. This optimization will cause the path line to be terminated by the string "– Not Tried". This optimization can significantly improve execution time, but is not described in this document to avoid obscuring the basic algorithm.
Occasionally for the root word cost, the form "cost<-cost" may be displayed as in the screen shot to the right (for the word "abbacies"). This is an indication that the logic associated with favoring longer trailing roots has caused the root cost to be adjusted downward (from 9 to 8 in this case) in order to accomplish this feature. You may also see cost editing indications for affixes which are the result of other specialized logic to try to force correct operation without the need for word-specific adjustments in the largest number of cases.
As previously discussed, it is quite often the case that an affix sequence is also a valid root word but when used as an affix, we want it to output a different meaning (or possibly to suppress the root output entirely). You will see cases in the paths listing where the techniques described to re-map affix outputs to change or suppress the root shown as entries of the form "[R<-P:cost]" or "[R<-S:cost]" depending on if a prefix or suffix is involved. The screen shots above for the words "perigastrulation" and "formerness" illustrate the appearance of these features.
In the prefix example, the word "peri" exists in both the root word and the prefix dictionaries but it is mapped to the root word "around" in the prefix dictionary. When "peri" is used as a prefix as part of a shortest path, the fact that it has a mapping to the root "around" is discovered and the form "R<-P" indicates that this mapping has been made by the algorithm (with a corresponding cost reduction from 9 for the prefix "peri" to 7 for the root "peri"). In the "formerness" case, the word "ness" is both a suffix (in which case it should be suppressed entirely i.e., mapped to "-") and a root. In this case the recognition of the suffix "ness" as part of a shortest path results in mapping to the root form "ness" which is suppressed on output by the "-". This mapping actually results in a cost increase from 6 for the suffix to 8 for the root form. The use of these techniques to resolve stemming conflicts between affixes and roots is discussed later. Be aware that the lines beginning with "Min COST:" in the listing indicate that one of the preceding lines contains a minimum cost path though not necessarily the immediately preceding line. This delay in printing the minimum cost indication is caused by the recursive nature of the algorithm and it means that you may have to scan upwards in the listing to find the line that corresponds to the cost indicated. Possible candidate lines will always end without a trailing text sequence such as "– No Match".
The use of the root fragment mapping form "fragment-" (see earlier discussion) may result in output of a line ending in "– Inhibit" which implies that no further roots were examined because the earlier root fragment cannot be followed by other roots.
Because of the recursive nature of the stemming algorithm, the sequence in which the various affixes are tried determines the order in which the entries in the list are tried and printed out. As discussed earlier, the outer function of the algorithm first tries the case where there is no prefix, and within that case it then loops over the suffix cases starting with no suffix, then from the longest suffix down to the shortest. The outer function then proceeds to the longest available prefix and loops through all suffix forms as for the previous loop. This process is repeated until the possibilities for the shortest available prefix have been fully explored. Since this is the order the algorithm uses to explore the paths, this is also the order in which the path dump is listed. The prefix and suffix portions of the list for each line are always displayed before the results produced by the inner recursive function of the algorithm for the infix/root sequences.
The root listing will often contain lines that do not fit into the space available for the text control that contains the listing and these lines will be "wrapped" and continue onto the next line of the display. You can increase the horizontal size of the text control by growing the window and also by enlarging the lower panel area allocated to the paths listing by use of the panel resize control. See the GUI description for details.
Many of the lists displayed in auxiliary windows associated with the stemming development environment contain a list column entitled "Min Cost Path". This column contains the one line from the full path listing (as described in this section), that was chosen as the final minimum cost path for the successful stemming operation. Understanding the contents of the cells in the "Min Cost Path" column is therefore just a subset of the problem of understanding the full path list described in this section.
As can be seen, in the case of this word, there are approximately 40 distinct 'nodes' in the diagram and the relationship between this algorithm's approach to stemming words and the "traveling salesman" or shortest path problem is clear. Shortest path problems are normally very compute intensive, however in this case the combination of the fast lookup using Mitopia's lexical analyzer together with taking advantage of the directed nature of the paths, allow the algorithm to be implemented with no significant increase in execution time over traditional stemmer algorithms.
The most important thing to remember about stemming is that its purpose is to improve the accuracy of text search, not to improve the readability of the output text (which may never be viewed). It is clear then that if the system is searched using the key word "abetalipoproteinemia", it should return all instances of this word (and plurals etc.). You might think that since the word was broken up into the phrase "not beta lipid protein sick" as it was indexed into the database, that this would make it harder to find when the search term was "abetalipoproteinemia". However, the search terms themselves must obviously be stemmed in an identical manner before they are checked against the database index, and so a one word search for the word "abetalipoproteinemia" is turned into a search for the sequence of words "not beta lipid protein sick" immediately next to each other, and hence correctly returns all matching words in the text database. This means that since this stemmer violates the almost universal assumption that the output of a stemming algorithm is just a single word, the database engine itself must be modified somewhat to be aware of the multi-word stemmer output, and to modify queries into sequence queries as necessary to account for it. Once this has been done, it is clear that we have a system that operates similarly in this simple case. Of course this is only the tip of the iceberg as far as search is concerned, since each stemmed word in the phrase "not beta lipid protein sick" has been separately indexed into the database and so it is possible to search on "lipoproteinemia" or just "proteinemia" and find hits for these diseases as well as "abetalipoproteinemia". This is because a search for "lipoproteinemia" will be turned into a sequence search for "lipid protein sick" while a search for "proteinemia" will be a sequence search on "protein sick" and thus both key words will return hits for "abetalipoproteinemia" also. This is as it should be obviously, but no existing system is capable of this kind of search due to limitations in today's stemming algorithms. Obviously, searches on "lipids", "sicknesses" and a wide variety of other relevant terms will also correctly find references to this disease, which once again is a critical behavior for researchers in the medical field, and which is not possible with conventional search systems. More importantly, as we will see later, the goal is to facilitate search across all languages without regard to the query language. Compound words like this in any language will prevent and cross-language search for lack of a common root. The new stemmer algorithm overcomes this problem by allowing words in all languages to be broken into simple and mappable root word sequences and thus a multi-lingual search in Arabic using the Arabic word for sickness should correctly return a hit for "abetalipoproteinemia"!
Over and above the higher accuracy of the Fairweather stemmer (up to 100% vs 30%) in dealing with conflating word variants that may not follow the normal rules of the language (e.g., teach and taught) thereby improving search accuracy, it is the algorithm's ability to maintain the important relationships within a word by converting complex words to word sequences, as illustrated above, that is its most important benefit, and which holds the potential to revolutionize text search as it exists today.
Built-in Module Tests
Record Merging and Matching
Running MitoMine™
MitoMine™ – Language Overview


Water bottle soda can. Outdoor 3-4 people pot. Camping cooker stove. Fms-x2. Stainless steel plastic +abs. Usage condition: Essential toolsSku355136. 500ml/16.9 oz. Kidney shape. (d)139x(h)47mm,62g,500ml. (17cm x 7.5cm),1.7l. Firewood camping. Stainless steel folding cutlery knives 2s089. A knife with a spoon and fork: Fork keith.
20cm x 15cm x 10cm (7.87in x 5.91in x 3.94in). Camping cookware 194803201. (d)121*(h)56mm,550ml,80g. Package dimensions: Ws032+rc321. Slv-08. Eyelash cake. D21 x h14cm(approx)Warmer bottle. Tea cup. Ti3268. Frying pan/big pot/2 caps/2 plates. Cup mouth 3.7cm, bottom 2.5cm, height 4.3cm.
:black. (d)139(h)64mm,115g. Package include: Sku516381. Four pieces of outdoor dining box. Insulation cold: Camping, hiking, backpacking, picnic and other outdoor activities.. Silicone folding cup coffee. 1500ml. 2s4172. Item 4: Travelling tableware. Yellow, green, blue, pink.
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Your Position: HomeChina GuideMacao Guide Macao Attractions A-Ma Cultural Village
Chinese name: 媽祖文化村
Location: on the Dieshi Mountain, Coloane Macau, China
Admission fee: free.
Opening time: all day long. Tianhou Palace opens to the public from 08:30 to 18:00.
- Shuttles of Goddess A-Ma Foundation of Macau run between stone memorial archway parking lot in coloane and Tianhou Palace parking lot, are available every thirty minutes. The shuttle bus of stone memorial archway parking lot starts from 08:00 to 18:30, while that of Tianhou Palace parking lot starts from 09:00 to 19:00.
- By bus No. 15, 21A, 25, 26, 26A.
Best time to visit: All year round.
Brief introduction to A-Ma Cultural Village
A-Ma Cultural Village was funded by Goddess A-Ma Foundation of Macau. Completed in the year of 2003, A-Ma Cultural Village is covering an area of 6,200 square metres. Its main architectures are statue of Goddess A-Ma, and Tianhou Palace.
Statue of Goddess A-Ma
October 28th, 1998 witnessed the completion of the world's tallest stature of Goddess A-Ma on the top of Dieshi Mountain, the peak of Macau. The 19.99-metre-tall statue is symbolic of Macau's return to motherland on December 20th, 1999. Weighing more than 500 tons, it is made up of 120 pieces of white marbles, and her face is carved on one piece of a whole white marble. Seen afar, she is crystal-clear and possesses a mild and benevolent countenance, looking afar the sea, as if she is deeply concerned about Macau all the time. Since it is sited on the top of Macau, you can have a look at it distinctly, whether from the sea or the land. And the untraversed street Coloane see streams of people come to visit it all the year round.
Tianhou Palace
Covering an area of 7,000 square metres, the palace is composed of paved paths, gate, altar, hall and Shuzhuang building. The paved paths comprising six staircases, embedded bluestone auspicious reliefs in the middle stretches to the gate.
The gate is a pavilion-shaped memorial archway made of wood and stone, big mighty stone lions sitting on both sides. You can not only discover the golden coloured glazed tiles, but also exquisite decorations on the beams.
The hall is also made of wood and stone, with golden coloured glazed tiles. Facing it, you can find six bluestone reliefs. And the porch in the front of the hall, where red doors and window carved with auspicious patterns are in sight, makes the hall even grander. In the hall is a 3.8-metre-tall, 2.1-metre-wide statue of Goddess A-Ma.
With respect to Shuzhuang building, it was the dwelling of A-Ma, simultaneously, an important part of architectural complex of Tianhou Palace. Following the Fujian style, it is a two-storey imitation of ancient building made mainly of wood and stone. Covering an area of over 300 square metres, the building has the statue of Avalokitesvara enshrined on the second floor.


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Players' Coalition Members to Meet With Legislators on Criminal Justice Reform
Article by Rich Simini at Kwese.ESPN.com. This is great, but should in no way affect players' protests during the national anthem. Completely separate items.
ALBANY, N.Y. — What started when NFL players sparked a national discussion on racism and police brutality by kneeling during the national anthem will continue this week as current and former players meet with lawmakers and community officials in major cities across the Northeast.
The campaign began Tuesday in New York's state capitol, where New Orleans Saints linebacker Demario Davis — representing the Players Coalition — joined criminal justice reform advocates to lobby legislators to change what they believe are race-based disparities in the bail system.
"We're using our platform and our space to do our part, to raise awareness [on] the social injustices that are going on in our country," said Davis, who signed last week with the Saints after playing for the New York Jets. "In New York, we're focusing on criminal reform. That's just a small piece in a big puzzle."
Read the rest at kwese.ESPN.com.
Tags:ActivismColin KaepernickInjusticePoliticsRacismRespectability PoliticsWhite Histrionics


Photo courtesy of Tax Happens. Theresa Turner is the owner and founder of Tax Happens in Riverview.
Theresa Turner opened her Riverview business full-time five years ago this Valentine's Day. Turner has 18 years of public accounting experience under her belt and believes that honesty and integrity are the cornerstones of business. "The saying is that you can rely on death and taxes happening, so I went with taxes," said Turner.
Turner is also actively involved in the community. She has a non-profit organization called Riverview Our Town, which provides humanitarian aid to individuals in the community, including senior citizens with limited resources and homebound seniors. She is married with children and has two grandsons. She also has an 18-month-old son that they recently unexpectedly adopted.
According to the Tax Happens website, Turner previously worked with a large regional CPA firm in downtown Tampa, serving with a Big Four Public Accounting firm and a mid-size, regional New York City firm. She earned a Bachelor of Science in Accounting from Hofstra University and a Masters of Science in Taxation from St. John's University. She is a registered CPA and a MST (Masters of Science and Taxation).
Flexible schedules are offered to her employees. Two of her employees are moms that only work when their kids are in school. She encourages her clients to do as little or as much as they want with her company and offers upfront pricing before any work is done.
According to Turner, with all of the tax law changes, she has had 62 hours of continued education on just the new changes in the tax law since this time last year. Her goals for Tax Happens are to expand her business, provide for her family, offer flexible jobs to members of the community and keep her clients satisfied. "We want to meet their needs and be available to alleviate their stress," Turner said.
Tax Happens will be hosting a ribbon-cutting event on Wednesday, February 13 from 4:30 to 6:30 p.m. It is open to the public and will have hors d'oeuvres, drinks and music.
For more information, visit TaxHappens.com.


Earlier to mid 18th century single storey and attic stable range with hayloft, now converted to museum with later rear addition. Sandstone rubble. Crowstepped gables, pedimented dormers.
E (ENTRANCE) ELEVATION: ground floor openings now infilled with timber with glazed upper halfs. Opening to left, bipartite rectangular opening to right with stone mullion and entrance door. To far right, further opening. At attic, two pedimented dormers to left and pedimented opening to right breaking eaves.
W ELEVATION: blind with harled crowstepped late 20th century off-centre single-storey projecting gable wing.
Timber sash and case windows with horns, predominantly 12-pane. Modern pantiles.
INTERIOR: comprehensively modernised to form museum.
BOUNDARY WALL: section of rubble wall to N.
Category changed from C(S) to B, 23 March 2006.
Part of an A-group with Kinneil House, 2 and 4, 6-8 Duchess Anne Cottages, Kinneil House bridge and Kinneil House walled garden.
An important and intergral part of the Kinneil Estate, this former stable and hayloft is situated a short distance to the E from Kinneil House itself. The Duchess Anne Cottages form a particularly picturesque group and are excellent examples of Scottish vernacular architecture.
Kinneil Museum lies within the amenity zone for the Antonine Wall recommended in D N Skinner The Countryside of the Antonine Wall (1973), and which will form the basis of the buffer zone, yet to be defined, for the proposed Antonine Wall World Heritage Site.


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Mort Kondracke - Biography and Images
Biography & Images • Fox News Anchors
Molly Line: Biography and Images
Molly Line is a news correspondent for Fox News Channel. Molly joined the Fox News Channel as a Boston-based correspondent in January 2006. Prior to joining FNC she worked as an anchor/reporter for WFXT (Channel 25), a Boston affiliate (Dec… Read more
Julie Banderas: Biography and Images
Courtney Friel: Biography and Images


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The highs and lows of Huddersfield Town's cup campaigns: Arsenal, Everton, Carlisle and more in pictures
CUP football provided Town with two trips to Premier League clubs – and two contrasting Johnstone's Paint Trophy clashes with Carlisle United.
Doug Thomson
They might have been beaten 5-1 at Everton in the second round of the Carling Cup, but in round four of the FA Cup, Lee Clark's side certainly did themselves proud at Arsenal.
It took a controversial late penalty, put away by Cesc Fabregas, to cement the 2-1 win which denied Town what would have been a deserved replay against Arsene Wenger's side.
The Sunday showdown at the Emirates – where 59,375, including more than 5,000 Town fans, watched – featured a full debut for defender Jack Hunt and a first Town goal for Alan Lee.
Former Crystal Palace striker Lee also counted (twice) in a memorable JP Trophy Northern final second leg against Carlisle at the Galpharm.
Town had won up in Cumbria in the first round of the Carling Cup, but with a Wembley trip at stake, crashed 4-0 back at Brunton Park in the first leg of the JPT area final.
If Carlisle thought it was done and dusted, they were wrong, because with Anthony Pilkington also on target, Town won the return 3-0, and came close to forcing extra time.
Clark's men had beaten Peterborough United, Rotherham United and Tranmere Rovers to make the Northern final for only the third time.
In the FA Cup, Town got the better of non-league duo Cambridge United and Dover Athletic either side of a thumping 6-0 victory over League II Macclesfield Town.
Six different players made the scoresheet in that success – Rhodes, Pilkington, Benik Afobe, Jamie McCombe, Antony Kay and Gary Roberts.
To see more stories, pictures and a full set of League I match reports from this season, pick up our special souvenir end of season supplement in your Huddersfield Examiner newspaper today.
What Darren Moore said when asked directly about Sheffield Wednesday manager links
Sheffield Wednesday FCThe Doncaster Rovers boss has seen his price for the Hillsborough vacancy shortened in the last few days


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In this project the home owner located in the western suburbs of Chicago was looking for a way to make their bathroom stand out. Vin-Teri Electric did all the lighting and GFI work in the bathroom. Our technicians also installed the LED lighting around the mirror and under the shower ledges. This lighting effect provides depth to the accents as well as casting light patterns across the natural stone. Let Vin-Teri Electric assist with any of your creative lighting needs.
This is a project that Vin-Teri Electric performed for a client in North Aurora. The project focused on a new deck and the lighting for the post and stairs. It was completed all with low voltage lighting to keep electrical usage low temperatures down. The project was completed over two days time. All coordination with the deck builders was handled by Vin-Teri Electric to ease the home owners stress. Stair and post rail lighting can be installed at any time in an outdoor project but its always best to plan ahead if you are building a new deck. Other outdoor lighting ideas include landscaping and fence lighting.
Located in the west suburbs of Chicago Illinois Vin-Teri Electric designed and engineered the power and lighting layout for this custom basement remodel. With the installation of recessed lighting and a controlled lighting systems the owner was able to set the ambiance for parties or relaxation.
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I'm having a problem regarding simulation of wheel rotating and moving over the path with constant speed, let's say V=1m/s, and rim is transferring load to tire(and to path) which is 1470N. Of course, I'm stuck and just want to make sure if this kind of simulation is even possible in SOLIDWORKS. I need to see deformation of rubber tire made of SBR rubber. This non linear material is custom defined. I've checked Materiality web portal and it doesn't contain this data. Anyway, i packed model which is very simple, and two of my setups. SW version is 2014. I put my hopes for second setup to be the most correct, BUT it always ends with some kind of errors. Connection between rubber and rim is bonded, and connection between rubber and path is "No penetration" with "Surface to surface" option checked. What i need to see is tire deformation. I've searched web and haven't seen that anyone tried to do simulation when object is moving and rotating over the defined path.
May I suggest you take only a slice of the wheel, use a rotational displacement of a planar face (such as the wheel and not the tire), and prescribe the displacement to be no more than 30 degrees? You will also need an axis so that you can prescribe and measure more easily.
I'd also recommend beginning with this problem as a 2D plane strain problem.
As for your characterization of the material, if you expect very large displacements under minimal loads than you're best off using a hyperelastic material model. However, you will need three input curves (stress-stretch).
One particular challenge I see you needing to overcome is the applied load (1470N) remaining on the hub.
Is the tire not pre-stressed on to the wheel?
I tried a different variations of static non linear setup, even start with 2D plane in the begging, but left that idea when i realized that i have narrowed options regarding constraints.
Secondly, i don't know how to set up rotational displacement. I understand that you meant to set some kind rotation to the wheel around the axis for an angle, but fail in doing this. I don't know how to set it up. I've gone thru all fixture options and read all help.
Tire does not have influence on the wheel. They together are "bonded" and their rough weight on the path is 1470N. And I was expecting small deformations out of the tire, not large. I think that i will not engage in pursuing information for hyper elastic SBR material since this kind of simulation is hardly possible without heavy tuning.
I assume you are doing this as a dynamic analysis?
A static analysis is by definition static--nothing moves and all forces balance to zero. You can't get where you want to go (If I understand correctly) the way you are doing it.
You can create a rotational displacement by going to Fixtures, Advanced, On Cylindrical faces, and then pick the rotational button.


Many, if not most, cell phones these days offer built-in music players. In many cases, you can download music to your cell phone over the air through your carrier's online store. This option, of course, is far from free. You already have tons of music on your computer, but how can you get it onto your cell phone? We will go into that in this article.
Well, as you were probably expecting, the answer depends on what kind of cell phone you have. Chances are, however, that your cell phone allows music transfer in at least one of the ways we've outlined below.
Your cell phone is capable of music playback.
Your music files are in a format that is compatible with your phone.
If you've satisfied both of these requirements, you're ready to move on to one of the following options.
Your handset may have come with a syncing cable. One end of this cable will plug into your phone and the other end will plug into your computer's USB port. In some cases, your phone's syncing cable may actually be the cord you use to charge the device. Check to see if the electrical plug separates from the cord.
The process found below may differ depending on your device, and your particular device may require additional software to allow music downloads. Consult your owner's manual (manuals for many popular phones can be found here) or manufacturer's website to see if software is available for your phone.
Connect your handset to your computer using your syncing cable.
Your phone may indicate that it has been connected to a computer, and prompt you to allow it to switch into a mode that will enable it to exchange files with your computer. Allow your device to exchange files.
Your computer may indicate that it is installing new hardware. Allow it to fully complete the installation before continuing.
A new removable drive will be displayed on your computer (in My Computer on a PC and on your desktop if you have a Mac).
Open the removable drive. If there are multiple folders listed, find the music folder.
Drag and drop (or copy and paste) the desired music files to the selected folder on your cell phone's removable drive.
After the transfer has completed, 'eject' the removable drive. You should now be able to play the music files you downloaded using your phone's music player.
If you don't have a syncing cable, check to see if your phone supports file transfer using a Bluetooth wireless connection. Once again, consult your owner's manual to discover whether your device has this feature.
First, you will need to pair your handset with your computer. This process will differ slightly depending on what kind of handset and computer you have. Set either your computer or handset to 'discoverable' mode, and perform a search for it from the device not set to 'discoverable.' Once discovered, initiate a connection between the two devices.
After you have successfully paired the two devices, locate the music file(s) you wish to download to your cell phone.
PC: Right-click the file, and choose Send To > Bluetooth. Select your device from the menu, and follow on-screen instructions. Mac: Open your Bluetooth menu. Choose "Send File…." Select the desired music file and follow on-screen instructions.
If you tried the above options without success, don't give up – keep looking, a solution is out there.
If your phone uses a microSD card, you can try purchasing a microSD card reader for your computer and put songs directly onto the card before inserting the card into your phone. You can also try using friend's phone to download the music to your microSD card.
Run an internet search for your specific phone model. Try using different keywords for your device like "transfer music to," "put songs on," and "sync music with." There may well be a step-by-step tutorial for your phone out there.
Check with your phone's manufacturer to see if there's syncing software available for your device. Also be sure to consult your handset's owner's manual.


Caribbean Keys is a small coastal community located along the west shores of the Intracoastal Waterway in Boca Raton. Caribbean Keys residences back to canals and the main waterway allowing owners to park boats in the rear of their homes. The neighborhood is quiet and friendly with most residents enjoying a laid back waterfront lifestyle that's just minutes from city amenities and nightlife.
Boca Raton has great public and private schools, large parks and playing fields. Boca Raton's downtown has exploded with new developments and restaurants attracting even more interest to the in-town area over recent years. Boca Raton is one of Palm Beach County's most popular cities for families and vacationers. Boca Raton real estate includes oceanfront and coastal living, as well as boating and watersport enthusiasts with Lake Boca and the Intracoastal Waterway that passes through.
Homes in Caribbean Keys consist of simple ranch and mid-century Floridian styles of home, as well as various modern and Mediterranean designs from over recent decades. Property buyers can locate re-model and tear down opportunities for just under $1 Million or find a newer Intracoastal homes valued over $5 Million. Caribbean Keys is the perfect Boca Raton community for boat and water lifestyle enthusiasts that want a tranquil neighborhood with easy access to area restaurants and amenities.


There are genuinely two main designs of roof-rack, horizontal and vertical wine racks. As a general rule, horizontal racks support more weight, as they have a much lower centre of gravity so are a smaller amount likely to topple over. To the disadvantages, they take up far more floor space, which is in high demand if you just have a limited space to working out in. Vertical racks take a far smaller footprint, but make certain you put your heaviest hand weights towards the bottom of the slab to lower its centre of gravity. Probably the most important considerations of buying a roof-rack is how much you are willing to spend on it. Larger shelves with greater carrying volumes tend to be more expensive than smaller sized ones, but you can pick up a good deal by looking for a high quality second-hand dumbbell rack, particularly by an old gym or health centre that is closing straight down.
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Home Community & Education Smart Power for Schools Sun Power for Schools
Sun Power for Schools
Sun Power for Schools is a demonstration and educational program initiated in 1996 to teach students and the community about renewable energy systems by demonstrating 1- to 2-kilowatt photovoltaic (PV) solar electric systems at selected public schools.
Over the span of 19 years, the program flourished and grew. Through the partnership among donors, the Hawaii Department of Education, participating schools, and the Hawaiian Electric Companies, over 80 kilowatts of PV systems were installed at 46 schools. In addition to the renewable energy each system provides to its school, the systems offer teachers tangible learning tools that are supported by educational material. To further educate students about renewable energy, the Hawaiian Electric Companies used a grant for the development of a renewable energy teaching manual, which includes lesson plans and activities that are aligned with the Hawaii Content and Performance Standards (HCPSII). This manual was made available to participating middle and high school teachers.
Purpose and Objectives of Sun Power for Schools
To encourage renewable energy education for Hawaii's school children
To demonstrate how solar and wind resources produce electricity
To provide a working model that demonstrates carbon dioxide (CO2) displacement by the use of emissionless power generation
Hawaiian Electric Companies
State of Hawaii Department of Education
Members of the community
Status of the Sun Power for Schools Program
Photovoltaics technology matured and became widely adopted. Consequently, with approval from the Hawaii Public Utilities Commission, the Hawaiian Electric Companies revised the Sun Power for Schools program. Effective in July 2015, the new program, Smart Power for Schools, will demonstrate emerging renewable energy technologies, energy management and efficiency tools, and equipment that will help integrate more renewable energy into a modern electric grid.
Iao Intermediate School
Kahului Elementary School
Kalama Intermediate School
Kamalii Elementary School
King Kekaulike High School
Lahainaluna High School
Lanai High and Elementary School
Lokelani Intermediate School
Maui High School
Maui Waena Intermediate School
Molokai High School
Molokai Middle School
Paia Elementary School


From before we are born — in fact, from the time we are no more than microscopic embryos — each one of our cells is already adept at sensing and responding to its neighbors. To survive as a whole, each cell of a multicellular being (such as a human) must be exquisitely tuned to its environment, using signals from outside itself to drive important cellular milestones such as when or whether to divide, whether and where to migrate, and even when to end their own lives.
Even single-celled creatures — bacteria, yeast, algae — need to perceive and react to outside signals to survive.
In other words, no cell is an island.
Getting those environmental messages across is no simple feat, however. To parse and react to any signal coming from the outside world, a cell must translate external signals into a new molecular language inside its borders. That internal message is then transmitted in a step-wise fashion, from protein to protein, across the approximately 1/10,000 of an inch between the cell's surface and its decision-making center, the nucleus.
Now, a new study, which was published Thursday in the journal Cell Systems and which was led by Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center molecular biologist Dr. Roger Brent and computational biologist Dr. Steven Andrews, addresses the molecular chain of events that occurs when cells receive external information. Through computational modeling of that tiny information bucket brigade, the biologists uncovered hints pointing to the mechanism cells may use to transmit a certain type of signal faithfully from cell surface to its nucleus, where all the cell's genetic information is stored.
To their surprise, the mechanism the cells choose — or that which evolution chose for them — is not the obvious way a human would engineer such a system, Brent said.
The mechanism they found, known as push-pull control, is a way of "transmitting an accurate symbol through bags of goo [i.e., cells], instead of a nice wire or something that a human would use," he said.
And as illogical as it may seem, the existence of push-pull control in these types of signaling pathways could explain why certain cancer drugs work as they do, the researchers said.
Brent, Andrews and their colleagues study a certain type of information cascade — one in which the cell needs to communicate to its DNA not only what is happening on its surface, but the magnitude of that external event.
There are many such situations in our cells and in simpler beings where a cell needs to respond in different ways to different amounts of an environmental cue. For example: insulin-sensing fat cells in our bodies scale their conversion of sugar to fat storage in response to increasing levels of the insulin hormone. Or, in the case of the type of cells that Brent, Andrews and their colleagues study, single-celled yeast looking for a mate respond to the highest level of mating pheromone in their surroundings by growing in that direction, an environmental response that requires precise changes in approximately 200 of the yeast's genes.
Cells are tiny, and yeast cells especially so, but that fraction of an inch distance between cell surface and its genes is immense when you consider that any information transmitted relies on the chance collision of molecules as they float through the cell's soupy interior.
Given the randomness inherent in cellular information transmission, it's perhaps not too surprising that cells don't use the same technique a human engineer would. But in a previous study published in the journal Nature in 2008, Brent and his colleagues found some evidence for a logical technique.
To design an information transmission system that accurately conveys both what a signal is as well as its magnitude, humans would typically use something known as closed-loop feedback control, Brent said. In closed-loop control, the output of the system figuratively loops back to influence the activity of the system itself.
Think the heating system in your house, Brent said. When the temperature of the room drops below a certain threshold, the furnace kicks on and produces heat. When the room is warm enough, the thermostat tells the furnace to turn off.
In yeast, when information is transmitted through the pheromone-response cascade, each protein involved activates its downstream partner — starting with a protein that sits on the cell surface and recognizes pheromone molecules in the environment, and ending with proteins that change the activity of the genes involved in mating. In their 2008 study, the researchers had found that one piece of this pathway exhibited what looked like the same type of negative feedback control as the furnace and thermostat.
"We had found an example of negative feedback in the system and were so excited that we figured this must be the key to the universe," Brent said.
So Andrews set out to model the entire system to more precisely pin down the mechanism. And that's when their closed-loop feedback theory fell apart.
To get at the mechanism, Andrews developed a computer program that broadly mimics the yeast pheromone-response system. He asked which type of signaling cascade produced the same sort of alignment between input and output as live cells exhibit. Based on their past study, one of the first models they tried was the sort of negative feedback for which they'd seen evidence.
"That was surprising — it was supposed to work, but it didn't," Andrews said.
Getting to the answer from that point took many years and a lot of computational power, he said. Rather than addressing the relatively simple question, "Can this model do that? The answer's yes or no," Andrews said, they had to ask what mechanism, chosen from an infinite number of possible choices, matched the experimental data. "So it was an enormous problem," he said.
Racking their brains for different mechanisms, models and parameters, the researchers tested 30 different types of mechanisms and millions of different models.
"All of them failed. Except for one," Andrews said.
The winning mechanism is known as push-pull control, and it's a bit unusual. In push-pull, the "inactive" forms of the proteins in the information cascade actively keep the steps ahead of them shut off, while the active forms turn those steps on. Their finding raises the question of whether it's accurate to call these proteins inactive in the first place, Andrews said.
There are hints that push-pull control exists in nature. There's evidence of it in plants, and the Fred Hutch researchers' collaborators from the Institute of Physiology, Molecular Biology and Neuroscience in Buenos Aires, Argentina, have confirmed these computational results in living yeast, Brent said.
And their results have a biological tie to human cancer, too. The yeast pheromone-sensing pathway is closely related to a human-signaling system known as the epidermal growth factor receptor, or EGFR, pathway. Mutations in the EGFR protein are commonly found in certain cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer, glioblastoma and head and neck cancers — these mutations ramp the system into overdrive, causing cells to grow and divide out of control and eventually become tumors.
Certain cancer drugs block intermediate steps in the EGFR pathway — drugs such as trametinib, sorafenib and vemurafenib. And these drugs wouldn't work the way they do if closed-loop feedback was taking place in the EGFR pathway. Since the cancer-causing mutations lead to overactivity in the EGFR protein, closed-loop feedback control in the pathway would override the action of drugs blocking steps downstream of EGFR. But the drugs work, meaning it's possible push-pull control could be ruling this human system as well, Brent said.


During the recent Women in Science and Technology event sponsored by AWIS, I was reminded of the importance of mentoring through sessions at the conference and in speaking with scientists. I realized the SDBN could make a difference by providing a mentoring program to help our members. We'll work out the details based on your feedback, and initially we've identified the topics listed below and plan to match mentors and mentees based on your interests.
We'll also add more mentoring topics as needed and collect data about the top choices. At the event we'll indicate your interests on your nametag, which will help you to find a match during the speed networking (and if you haven't been before, check out this explainer).
We're lucky to have two great speakers to lead our discussion on the new mentoring program. Steve Scott has mentored many entrepreneurs and executives through his work at CONNECT and the Life Science Roundtable, and he will talk about the "Why?" of mentoring. Heather Buschman, a key member of the SDBN team, has been working with another SDBN organizer, Jill Roughan, to develop the "What and How" of the program, and she's got a great presentation as well.
Not sure you're qualified to be a mentor? We all have areas of expertise, even younger scientists can mentor older ones on new trends such as social media. The benefits of advising and connecting with others are numerous. We plan to get your feedback at the event and provide some advice on mentoring, click here to register and get started!
We are looking for sponsors for this popular event, contact us to affordably reach more than 10,000 local life science professionals.
When: Monday, June 24th, 2013, 5:30-8:30 p.m.
Cost: $25/20 (Academic), dinner provided, beer and soda available for purchase.
Directions: From the west: From the 805 North or South exit Mira Mesa Blvd, head east for 2.0 miles, the Green Flash Tasting Room will be on the left/north side of the street at Flanders Drive. From the east: From the 15 North or South exit Mira Mesa Blvd, head west for 3.6 miles, the Green Flash Tasting Room will be on the right/north side of the street at Flanders Drive.
SDBN February 2nd 2015 Speed Networking Event: Make Every Second Count!
January 8, 2015 Mary Canady Headline Comments Off on SDBN February 2nd 2015 Speed Networking Event: Make Every Second Count!
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