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Molecular Techniques for Medics
By Marcus Judge
Next Lesson - Post-Translational Modification
Cell Physiology and Biology
Introduction and analysis technique list
Analysis of DNA at the gene level
Analysis of Proteins
Protein gel electrophoresis
Enzyme assays
Analysis of DNA at a nucleotide level
Analysis of DNA at the multi-gene level
Southern hybridisation/Southern blotting
Combined analysis methods
Karyotyping
Flurescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)
Molecular analysis techniques can be used for the diagnosis of conditions and for a better understanding of treatment options and efficacy.
They can be split into 4 distinct types, each encompassing different techniques and analysis targets:
Analysis of DNA at the gene level:
Restriction enzymes (cut DNA at certain "restriction sites", allowing certain DNA sequences to be isolated).
DNA gel electrophoresis (separate DNA fragments based on charge and size).
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (amplify specific sequences of DNA using specific primers, allowing for further testing or to check if the primer sequence is present).
Analysis of proteins:
Protein gel electrophoresis (separates protein samples based on size, shape or charge).
Immunoassays (use antibodies specific to certain antigens to test for specific proteins).
Enzyme assays (test the function of certain enzymes by measuring their reaction rates).
Analysis of DNA at the nucleotide level:
DNA sequencing (sequencing of the entire genome of an individual, allowing for in-depth analysis of all mutations and DNA).
Analysis of DNA at the multi-gene level:
Southern hybridisation/Southern blotting (allows for the detection of a specific DNA sequence in a DNA sample).
Microarrays (identifies the presence of thousands of DNA sequences from a single genome within a single multi-well plate, allowing for easy comparison between different genomes).
Molecular analysis techniques are used in medicine to identify and sequence various organisms and genomes - this allows doctors to come up with diagnoses based on test results. These tests are carried out by biomedical scientists and technicians within labs and their results are key to producing accurate diagnoses that can be used for treatment.
Molecular analysis techniques can be split into 4 distinct types, each encompassing different techniques and analysis targets:
Analysis of DNA at the nucleotide level
Southern hybridisation/ Southern blotting
As a clinician, an understanding of the basics behind each technique is key in interpreting results and being able to give simple explanations to patients.
Restriction enzymes are proteins that cleave very specific DNA sequences into fragments at or near to specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites - they are sometimes referred to as 'molecular scissors'. They are one type of enzyme from the broader class known as endonucleases. Bacteria produce these endonucleases as a defence mechanism against viruses, but they have been extracted and are now used commercially within diagnostic medicine.
A restriction enzyme example: Acetobacter aceti orleanensis produces a restriction enzyme, Tai I, which recognises and cuts at the restriction sites 5' ACGT / 3' TGCA:
Figure - An example of a Tai I restriction enzyme cutting at its restriction sites and separating two strands of DNA. This is a commercially available restriction enzyme used in assays
Creative commons source by Inks002 at the English Wikipedia [CC BY-SA 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/)]
Isolated restriction enzymes are used to manipulate DNA for different medical applications, for example:
DNA/Gene Cloning
Restriction enzymes can be used to assist in the insertion of specific genes into plasmid (small circular DNA segments found in bacteria) vectors during gene cloning and protein production experiments (eg. inserting the human insulin gene into an E. coli plasmid, allowing it to produce human insulin).
Diagram - A step-by-step example of how a restriction enzyme is used to add foreign DNA (eg. the human insulin gene) to a bacterial plasmid
Creative commons source by CNX OpenStax [CC BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)]
Diagnosis of single base changes
The main diagnostic use of restriction enzymes is in being used to distinguish gene alleles by specifically recognising single base changes in DNA known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), when combined with gel electrophoresis separation. The different lengths of DNA generated by restriction digest produce a specific pattern of bands after gel electrophoresis, and can also be used for DNA fingerprinting.
Southern Blotting (covered later)
In a similar manner to above, restriction enzymes are used to digest genomic DNA for gene analysis by Southern blot. This technique allows researchers to identify how many copies of a gene are present in the genome of one individual, or how many gene mutations (polymorphisms) have occurred within a population.
DNA gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size.
A DNA gel electrophoresis setup contains 4 main components:
Gel (eg. agarose/ polyacrylamide) - A matrix that allows the separation of DNA fragments.
Buffer (eg. EDTA) - Allows a charge across the DNA samples across the gel.
Power supply - Generates an electrical charge difference across the gel.
Stain/detection (eg. Coomassie Blue/ Ethidium Bromide) - To easily identify the presence of the separated DNA.
All DNA is negatively charged and will move towards the anode if placed in a gel electrophoresis electric field. Because all DNA fragments have the same amount of charge per mass, small fragments move through the gel faster than large ones; therefore, DNA fragments can be separated on the basis of size.
DNA gel electrophoresis is used with restriction enzymes to identify certain DNA sequences within genes.
Figure - Demonstrates what a DNA gel electrophoresis would look like - samples are compared based on size, with the distance they travel down the sheet based on how large they are
Creative commons source by Mckenzielower [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]
PCR is a very common procedure used in the amplification (making more of) a target sequence of DNA (or RNA in RT-PCR). This is carried out using a special thermostable DNA polymerase (Taq Pol), able to operate at temperatures above what a normal polymerase would function at (normally enzymes denature at high temperatures).
Diagram - The step-by-step sequence for amplifying DNA using PCR - this is repeated in cycles until sufficient DNA has been copied
Creative commons source by Enzoklop [CC BY-SA 3.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)]
A pair of primers (forward and reverse) are created, uniquely defining the sequence of DNA to be copied from the DNA sample being tested. A cycle is then setup, whereby the temperature is raised, causing DNA denaturing (1), then the temperature is reduced, allowing re-annealing (2) and polymerisation/elongation (3). This repeated cycle results in exponential increase in DNA.
PCR has many medical uses:
To amplify a specific DNA fragment
To investigate single base mutations e.g. Tay Sachs, Sickle Cell disease
To investigate small deletions or insertions e.g. Cystic Fibrosis
To investigate variation, genetic relationships e.g. DNA profiling, DNA typing
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Protein gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate protein fragments according to their size, shape OR charge.
Similarly to a DNA gel electrophoresis, a protein gel electrophoresis setup contains 4 main components:
Gel (eg. agarose/ polyacrylamide) - A matrix that allows separation of the protein sample.
Buffer (eg. EDTA) - Maintains charge on the protein samples.
Power supply - Generates charge difference across the gel.
Stain/detection (eg. Coomassie Blue/ Ethidium Bromide) - To identify the presence of the separated proteins.
Proteins are charged molecules and will move towards the anode or the cathode if placed in an electric field. This charge is not equal in all proteins and therefore proteins can be separated on the basis of size, shape or charge.
Serum proteins from a patient can be taken and run through a protein gel electrophoresis to identify certain pathogenic markers, such as certain enzymes or antibodies.
There are 3 main variations of Protein Gel Electrophoresis, with each separating based on different protein properties:
Sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)
Separates proteins based on size.
Separates proteins on the basis of charge - proteins will migrate up a pH gradient until they reach a pH equal to their pI (isoelectric point - the pH at which a molecule carries no net electrical charge), where there will be no net charge and so the proteins will stop migrating.
Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2D-PAGE)
Allows the separation of complex mixtures of proteins and is particularly important for diagnosing disease states in different tissues.
Immunoassays rely on the properties of antibodies. Antibodies bind to specific protein targets (known as antigens) - they only recognise and bind to a few amino acids in a sequence on the protein (the epitope of the antigen) and so can be very sensitive to small changes in protein structure.
Antibodies can be one of two types:
Produced by many different B lymphocytes and are all slightly different, but are all specific to 1 antigen, where they are able to recognise multiple epitopes on that antigen.
Produced from a single B lymphocyte and are all identical - they are specific to 1 antigen and only 1 epitope on that antigen.
Immunoassay examples:
Western Blotting (aka protein immunoblotting)
A protein sample is denatured and run through gel electrophoresis.
A "primary" antibody is added that binds to a specific target protein (if the specific protein that the investigator is looking for is present in the sample).
The electrophoresis membrane is washed in a solution containing the primary antibody, before excess antibody is washed off.
A "secondary" antibody is added which recognises and binds to the primary antibody (if it found the specific protein being investigated and bound).
The secondary antibody is able to fluoresce or is stained and so can be visually seen if it attaches to the protein.
Diagram - The steps of performing a Western Blot with the expected outcome
Creative commons source by Cawang [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]
Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA)
An antibody with specificity for a particular antigen is chosen.
The sample with an unknown amount of antigen is immobilised on a microtitre plate.
After the antigen is added, the detection antibody is added, forming a complex with the antigen.
This "primary" or detection antibody can be covalently linked to an enzyme or can itself be detected by a secondary antibody that is linked to an enzyme.
This is repeated several times, after which an enzymatic substrate is added to produce a visible signal, which indicates the quantity of antigen in the sample.
A good use-example is measuring cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels in the blood after a suspected acute myocardial infarction, which can be used as a diagnosis of an MI having occurred.
Enzyme assays are used for measuring enzymatic activity, particularly enzyme kinetics and enzyme inhibition. They generally involve measuring the product of an enzymatic reaction and the rate at which this is formed.
They can be split into 2 types:
Continuous assays - the most convenient, requiring only one assay to give a result.
Spectrophotometry - measurement of the change in the amount of light the solution absorbs.
Chemoluminescence - measurement of the amount of light emitted by the reaction.
Discontinuous assays - samples are taken from the reaction and measured at various times - more effort, but can be more sensitive.
Radioactivity.
Chromatography.
Diagram - Example of how an enzyme assay occurs. The substrate is converted to product with the help of the enzyme. In this case, a spectrophotometric enzyme assay is being carried out, measuring the opacity of the solution created. As more product is formed, the solution becomes more opaque, a measurement of the reaction rate and thus kinetics of the enzyme
SimpleMed original by Marcus Judge
Important use examples of certain serum enzyme measurements include:
Aspartate transaminase (AST)/ Alanine transaminase (ALT) - Markers for liver damage/ disease
Amylase/ lipase - Marker for pancreatitis.
g-glutamyl transferase - Marker for liver damage and bile tract obstruction, also increased by alcohol.
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) - Marker for bone disorders and bile tract obstruction.
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence of a genome – the order of nucleotides within DNA. It allows the identification and visualisation of entire genomes and is evolving quickly into a diagnostic tool, with reduced costs and increased speeds (Next-Gen sequencing).
There are many different methods of carrying out this process that are out of the scope of a standard medical professional's required knowledge, but an understanding of the ethics of identifying all of the genetic imperfections of a person's genome are an active area of debate.
Southern Hybridisation/Blot
A Southern blot is an analysis method used in molecular biology for the detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Southern blotting combines the transfer of electrophoresis-separated DNA fragments to a (nitrocellulose) filter membrane and then the subsequent fragment detection by probe hybridisation (a single DNA fragment with a target-allele specific sequence whose presence in the target DNA is being determined). The pattern of hybridisation is visualised on X-ray film by autoradiography (in the case of a radioactive or fluorescent probe), or by development of colour on the membrane (if a fluorescence detection method is used).
Diagram - Step-by-step showing how a Southern Blot is carried out to visualise if the DNA tested for is present in the sample
Creative commons source by Ilewieszoośmiornicach, edited by Marcus Judge [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)]
A DNA microarray is a collection of microscopic DNA spots attached to a solid surface. Microarrays are a modern technique used to analyse thousands of DNA sequences from a single genome, all on one plate. They use fluorescent probe hybridisation (similar to a southern blot) and generate colourful thousand-well microarray plates that can be used to easily visually identify differences in genes between multiple genomes when placed beside each other.
Diagram - How a microarray is created. Below it, a comparison of 4 separate DNA microarrays from 4 different genomes - notice how it is possible to compare between them all for the presence of certain DNA probes and thus certain DNA sequences
DNA fingerprinting is a forensic technique in criminal investigations (eg. comparing criminal suspects' profiles to DNA evidence so as to assess the likelihood of their involvement in the crime), parentage testing and in genealogical (can show family relationships) and medical research. It uses small samples eg. hair, or a mouth swab, from which DNA is extracted, amplified (eg. by PCR) and then restricted and analysed for specific patterns.
Karyotyping is the process by which metaphase chromosomes are photographed and looked at under a light microscopes in order to determine the chromosomes present within an individual's genome, as well as their chromosome shape and number.
Attention is paid to their length, the position of the centromeres, banding pattern, any differences between the sex chromosomes, and any other physical characteristics. The preparation and study of karyotypes is part of cytogenetics.
The basic number of chromosomes in the somatic cells of a species is called the somatic number and is designated 2n. In the germ-line (the sex cells) the chromosome number is n (humans: n = 23 - the sex cells must merge with another sex cell to form a full complement of chromosomes). Therefore, in humans 2n = 46. A normal human will have 46 chromosomes (2 of which are sex chromosomes), which is represented as such:
Males: 46, XY
Females: 46, XX
A patient with Down's Syndrome will have Trisomy 21 (three copies of chromosome 21) and thus their karyotype number will look like:
Males: 47, XY, +21
Females: 47, XX, +21
Image - A normal human male karyotype, showing 46 chromosomes
Image - The karyotype of a male with trisomy 21 (Down's Syndrome) - notice the 3 chromosome 21s present
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridisation (FISH)
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique that uses fluorescent probes that bind to only those parts of a nucleic acid sequence with a high degree of sequence complementarity. Fluorescence microscopy is then used to find out where the fluorescent probe is bound to the chromosomes. FISH can also be used to detect and localise specific RNA targets in cells, circulating tumour cells, and tissue samples.
FISH can be used to form a diagnosis, to evaluate prognosis, or to evaluate remission of a disease, such as cancer. Treatment can then be specifically tailored. FISH can also be used to detect diseased cells more easily than standard cytogenetic methods, which require dividing cells and requires labor and time-intensive manual preparation and analysis of the slides by a technologist.
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1. Anatomy of the Cardiovascular System
2. The Cardiac Cycle
3. Pulses and Pressures
4. Control of Cardiac Output
5. Cardiac Conduction and Contraction
6. Embryology of the CVS
7. Congenital Heart Defects
9. Electrocardiograms
10. Electrocardiogram Pathology
11. Cardiovascular Drugs
12. Murmurs
13. Special Circulations
14. Heart Failure
15. Artery and Vein Disease
16. Acute Coronary Syndromes
17. Haemodynamic Shock
1. An Introduction to Bone Anatomy
2. Anatomical Terms
3. Joints
4. Structure of the Muscles
5. Connective Tissue
6. The Spine
1. Conditions of the Foot
2. Conditions of the Ankle
3. Conditions of the Lower Leg
4. Conditions of the Knee
5. Conditions of the Thigh
6. Conditions of the Hip
7. Conditions of the Lower Back
8. Conditions of the Back and Neck
9. Conditions of the Shoulder and Clavicle
10. Conditions of the Arm
11. Conditions of the Elbow
12. Conditions of the Forearm and Wrist
13. Conditions of the Hand
Musculoskeletal Anatomy
1. Muscles of the Thigh
2. Key Areas of the Lower Limb
3. Bones of the Lower Limb
4. Bones of the Foot
5. Muscles of the Lower Leg
6. Bones of the Upper Limb
7. Muscles of the Shoulder
8. Muscles of the Upper Arm
9. Bones of the Hand
10. Muscles of the Forearm
11. Key Areas of the Upper Limb
1. An Introduction to the Cell
2. Introduction to DNA
3. Structure of Proteins
4. Protein Function in Oxygen Transport
5. Enzymes and Regulation of Protein Function
6. Molecular Techniques for Medics
7. Post-translational Modification and Collagen Biosynthesis
8. Protein Targeting
9. Biological Membranes
10. G-Protein Coupled Receptor
11. Membrane Transport and Intracellular Calcium Regulation
12. Membrane Potentials
13. Action Potentials
14. Autonomic Nervous System Introduction
1. Nutrition, Diet and Body Weight
2. Energy Reactions in Cells
3. Dietary Energy Production
4. Glycolysis
5. Oxygen-dependent Pathway
6. Lipid Metabolism and Transport
7. Protein and amino acid metabolism
8. Alcohol Metabolism
9. Oxidative Stress
10. Energy Storage
11. Temperature Regulation
12. Metabolic and Endocrine Regulation
1. An Introduction to Endocrinology
2. Control of Appetite
3. The Adrenal Glands and Adrenal Disorders
4. HPA and Growth Hormone
5. Pituitary Disorders
6. The Thyroid Gland
7. The Endocrine Pancreas
9. Calcium Metabolism
1. Haematopoiesis and the Spleen
2. Full Blood Count
3. Anaemia
4. Vitamin B12 and Folate
5. Iron Metabolism
6. Haemoglobinopathies
7. When Haematopoiesis goes wrong
8. Haematology in Systemic Disease
1. Mitosis and Meiosis
2. Genotype, Phenotype and Inheritance
3. Gene Expression
4. Introduction to Gene Mutation
5. DNA Repair and Cancer
1. An Introduction To Infection
2. The Infection Model
3. Biofilms
4. Innate Immunity
5. Adaptive Immunity
6. Gram Staining and Infection Investigations
7. Sepsis
8. Antibiotics
9. Streptococci
10. Hepatitis
11. Human Immunodeficiency Virus
12. The Immunocompromised Host
13. Travel-related Infections
1. An Introduction to Pathology
2. The Basics of Pathology
3. Epithelium, Skin and Exocrine Glands
4. Acute Inflammation
5. Chronic Inflammation
6. Regeneration and Repair of Tissues
7. The Lymphatic System
8. Haemostasis and Clotting
9. Thrombosis and Embolism
10. Atherosclerosis
11. Cellular Adaptations
12. Introduction to Neoplasia
13. Pathogenesis of Neoplasms
14. Behaviour of Neoplasms
Population & Social Science
1. Introduction to Population Science
3. Models of Health
4. Beliefs of the Public
5. Health Economics
6. Evidence-Based Practice
7. Patient Safety and Quality Control
1. An Introduction to Lifestyle Medicine
Index Conditions for OSCE exams
Cardiovascular System Examination
Shoulder Examination
Hand Examination
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Just yesterday we were chatting about the dice as they were just unlocked and... BAM! We are more than halfway through to the next stretch goal! Y'all ROCK!
I'm hopeful we can get to the next one by Monday. If you have just hopped into the campaign, the weekend is the absolute BEST time to help us push the campaign. And what better way to do so that while being rewarded with free adventures :)?
We have a written series of adventures called the Chronicles of the Pilgrimage, which you can unlock via social media interaction that helps promote the campaign. You can check it out in one of our past updates, to get involved, here.
Today I wanted to expand a bit on the MEMOs System, and the way in which you can use memories to tell stories. So far, you probably know that you can spend or earn Memory Points and trigger positive/negative memories respectively, and that the significance of those memories depends on the amount of points.
But memories can be engraved on your character through what happens during the adventure too. The "All 4s, All 1s" rule makes it so that both an exceptional success at a roll (or a disastrous failure) may result in a memory, unveiling more strengths and weaknesses about your Vagabond.
There's a series of particular tricks Narrators can pull off to just give memories to player characters. Arriving at a particular place, meeting someone in particular, or any other event of significance during the story could make it so that the Narrator gives everyone a shared memory, entailing that there's something deeper at work uniting the group.
Also, some memories of specially traumatic events might be imprinted in the character's remembrances. Our Mind system (which we'll discuss on Monday) makes it so that mental scars manifest through recollections, giving even more uses of the MEMOs system.
It goes without saying that the MEMOs system could be used for other settings outside Nibiru :) I'm very much looking forward to hear about people tweaking it and using it to tell stories about amnesiacs in fantasy worlds, modern settings, etc.!
Francesco Paparelli, Zaarin, and 5 more people like this update.


We use these peppers for seasoning almost any of our meals. This pepper packs a little more heat than the jalapeno but becomes milder if you remove the seeds and membranes. This chili pepper that originated in the mountainous regions of the Mexican states of Puebla and Hidalgo and name after mountains (sierras) of these regions. During the summer, when tomatoes and tomatillos are in season, this salsa is a staple that we make weekly. These pickled serranos are excellent for horderves or snack night, and then you'll have some around for winter! If you want to get a little more complicated, these poppers are fun to make every once in a while. We love this Chimichurri (cilantro pesto) as a dip for toasted bread, tortillas or cut veggies. This cilantro and serrano mixican rice is simple and delicious.. We also enjoy this Green Tomato Curry that is delicious served over rice or on tacos.


The Ponderosa Hostel & Camping backs onto a three-hectare beachfront - one of the most beautiful beaches on the Gold Coast. With a private exit onto the beach, this makes the hostel perfect for a unique, relaxing break.
We want to be different from other accommodation, and so we have decorated our whole hostel in a Texan cowboy theme, so that our guests can be transported to the US west in the second half of the nineteenth century.
Our staff is available 24 hours a day, providing personalised service and working with the needs of our customers. Whether in winter or summer, La ponderosa Hostel has everything you need, even a fireplace to warm your feet on colder days, or a pool where you can take a dip to escape from the scorching heat. And when the sun comes up, you can enjoy the beach located just steps from the Hostel with countless activities.
The Ponderosa is your place to meet people you never imagined you'd know, travellers from all over the world have come here and left their two cents.
Tomar un omnibus de la Cía. Copsa o Cot y bajarse en la parada . Caminar 500 mts hasta el Hostel.


text:
Meet Wendy Walsh, PhD
Meet Wendy Walsh, PhD | Kids in the House
I'm Dr. Wendy Walsh. I have a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology with an emphasis on Attachment Theory. That's the ways that human beings attached across the lifespan from parent-infant attachment all the way up to romantic attachments. I'm a co-host of The Doctors TV show and I'm CNN's Human Behavior Expert. I'm a single mom of a multiracial family. I have two daughters, one is 13 and one is eight, and oh gosh, a teenager heading toward dating. I think a lot about attachment these days. My hobbies are very feminine. I love to cook and I love to garden and that's where you can find me on the weekends on my roof garden trying to grow my tomatoes.
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Infant brain development in the first year
Parenting advice on romantic relationships in elementary school
Protecting small children from adult content in the media
Sexting and advice on what parents can do about it
Should you bring children on dates with you?
Single mom dating tips and how to keep your kids safe
Single parent dating do's and don'ts
Teens hooking up at Spring Break and what parents can do about it
Teens, dating and mating advice for parents (teen sex)
The importance of community when raising children
The importance of consistent caregivers for small children
The purpose of grandparents
The single best way for parents to slow down your daughter's sexual development
The stress of a crying baby
The studies on children who are raised by gay parents
Tips for moms entering the workforce after maternity leave
Tips on how to keep your New Year's resolutions
What to do about your daughter and sexy Halloween costumes
What to do when your child is sexually harassing or bullying others
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When parents should stay out of their kids' drama
When you love your kids more than you love your man
Women in the workforce and the effect on childrearing
Wendy Walsh, PhD
Relationship & Parenting Expert
Dr. Wendy Walsh was nominated for an Emmy Award for her work as co-host on The Dr. Phil spinoff, The Doctors TV show. She also hosts Investigation Discovery Network's "Happily NEVER After," as well as being part of Dr. Drew's Behavior Bureau on HLN Network. On CNN and 9 Network, Australia, she breaks down the psychology of sex, love, gender roles, divorce, parenting and other human behaviors. Dr. Wendy is an Adjunct Professor of Psychology at California State University, Channel Islands. She holds a B.A. in Journalism, a Masters degree in Psychology, and a Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology, and is the author of three books and numerous publications, including The 30-Day Love Detox. She appears regularly on The Today Show, CBS This Morning, Good Morning America, The Steve Harvey Show, The O'Reilly Factor, Inside Edition, The Katie Couric Show, Jane Velez-Mitchell, and The View.
Parenting expert on: Attachment Parenting, Dating, Talking about Sex, Sexual Activity
More Parenting Videos from Wendy Walsh, PhD >


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Category Archives: Visual Arts
Disappearing and Reappearing
Shells, fossils, and china chits with their own submerged existence.
On my way home yesterday, I heard an interesting little spot on PRI's The World about some 17th-century treasures being found in the drought-lowered Vistula River in Poland. Large pieces of marble sculptures, even fountains, had been looted and loaded onto barges by Swedish invaders, but not all these transports made it back to Sweden. Historical reports show that at least one, perhaps overloaded and too heavy, sank in the Vistula. It waited close to 400 hundred years at the bottom of the river. (Another article from the Irish Times and video from MSNBC here.)
I'm hard pressed to explain why it is that I find such relics of the past so fascinating, but I do. Even when I've spent days meandering along lakeshores in Pennsylvania or scrounging around the edges of strip mines in Tennessee, I have always been moved by the bits of water-worn china and glass and by the fossils of creatures long gone. Whether it was a family trip to Chucalissa, a hike through the abandoned homesteads of Cataloochee, or a school trip to Ft. Loudon, I always marveled at the lives people had once led, at how things had changed and how they had stayed the same.
Today, I think one of the things that I appreciate about the recovery of these lost objects in Poland is the way they tell the story of things that existed without public fanfare for so long. They existed just as much at the bottom of the river for the past 350-plus years as they do now that they are at the surface.
One of my colleagues, Pat Rushin, this week also greeted the news that one of his screenplays, The Zero Theorem, is in pre-production with Terry Gilliam (who also directed the recently discussed Brazil). In a sense, this is another hidden treasure finally rising to the surface. This screenplay was written years ago, and was once previously slated for production, and I like thinking about how it had value all the years that it waited for its current attention, and how it will go on having that value long after it is made as a film and does or doesn't fade from view.
As artists, we have to believe in our work no matter how much attention it gets in any given moment.
And we shouldn't let attention that we (or others) may get as determinative of our value, even though that is the only measure that is clear and too often, unfortunately, the only measure by which we are judged. The knowledge does not diminish my happiness for Pat's success, but I try to remember that time hides beauties, time reveals treasures. They exist either way.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Politics & Current Events, TV & Movies, Visual Arts, Writing and tagged 17th century treasures, Chattaloochee, Chucalissa, Ft. Loudon, Pat Rushin, Poland, PRI's The World, Terry Gilliam, The Zero Theorem, Vistula. Bookmark the permalink.
Laurel Nakadate's 365 Days: A Catalogue of Tears
An image from Laurel Nakadate's 365 Days: A Catalogue of Tears, 2011.
A Joyous Crybaby reader out in California emailed me the other day and asked if I had ever heard of Laurel Nakadate. He said that my blog reminded him of her work 365 Days: A Catalogue of Tears (performed in 2010 and first exhibited in 2011). No, I didn't know of her, but I looked her up, and Nakadate's work in photography, video, and film is fascinating. Thanks, Christopher Wu, for pointing her out.
Whereas I thought about making myself cry every day for a year, Nakadate actually did it, and 365 Days: A Catalogue of Tears records that experience. In fact, she notes in this interview with White Hot Magazine:
the original reason why I started this project—I was looking on Facebook and on other websites and I was seeing how everyone fakes happiness all of the time. I mean, is it really true that all 3,000 of my Facebook friends are happy every day? 'Cause according to their pictures they are! I just thought in direct retaliation against the concept that we should fake our happiness every day to present the right façade perhaps I'll deliberately turn the other way and take part in sadness each day and see where that gets me.
It got her somewhere indeed. She notes that the project had the following effects:
* Though the project was "grueling" and "hard," she grew "to depend on the consistency of the daily performance" and gained "more comfort than I imagined it could bring."
* She began to think of crying in a different way, less as a "tsunami" and more just "a fluid thing that occurs, … a part of living."
* People have started talking with her more freely about sadness and her art has started "a conversation about a taboo topic."
So today I share with you the work of Laurel Nakadate. Photos from this project are available in book form, with an introduction by wonderful writer Rick Moody, as well as a sampling in this We Find Wildness blog post. She is represented by Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Online Media, Psychology, Visual Arts and tagged 365 Days: A Catalogue of Tears, Laurel Nakadate, Leslie Tonkonow Artworks + Projects, Rick Moody. Bookmark the permalink.
Franz Liszt's Orpheus & Travels in Time
While Bruce and I were in Berlin, I had planned a few posts that I intended to go up while we were away. Alas, my technical understanding was lacking, and they didn't get posted. One of them was a follow-up to my piece about squabbling over the arts, which I'd illustrated with two depictions of Orpheus before and after he met his untimely death in spite of the beauty of his art. Today I give you the song that I intended to run that same week—this poignant symphonic poem by Franz Liszt on the subject of Orpheus, Part I above and Part II below.
I had also selected this piece because Liszt wrote it while he was living and working in Germany—Weimar to be exact—and in one of those funny coincidences, Bruce and I, much to our surprise, ended up spending a day and a half in Weimar last week. We drove over from Berlin with Bruce's old friend Kai, who happened to be slated to play in a tennis tournament there. While he played, we toured the ancient city and walked in the footsteps of Liszt, as well as Goethe, Schiller, Bach, Richard Strauss, Hans Christian Andersen, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Walter Gropius, Oskar Schlemmer, and many other artists, writers, and musicians.
Goethe's garden house in Weimar, Germany.
It's hard to imagine as you walk the cobblestone streets of beautiful Weimar and stroll through the park along the Ilm River to Goethe's garden house that just eight kilometers away, the Nazis built the Buchenwald concentration camp, or that after the liberation of the concentration camps Allies forced the citizens of Weimar to tour the remains of Buchenwald on foot. Scenes from that episode in Weimar's history were recorded and can be seen at the end of Billy Wilder's Death Mills, a 1945 anti-German post-war propagation film, available in its full 20-minute form here at the Holocaust Museum website. (Warning: this film is largely composed of clips of dead and dying concentration camp victims. It is brutal.)
It's also difficult to imagine Weimar as an East Germany city. It retains its old-world charm because many of its buildings and monuments were spared from bombing during World War II. However, on the outskirts we found numerous of those concrete-slab high-rise apartment buildings, some of them fallen into decrepitude, typical of the cheap, radically modernist efforts of post-war Socialist architects and builders. They seemed particularly odd in the bucolic hills around Weimar.
We did not visit Buchenwald—time was short, and Kai was more eager to get back to his family in Berlin. But one thing that is true in Germany is that history peeks through everywhere. The Topography of Terror memorial site sits on the location of the former Gestapo and SS headquarters, but is also rimmed by a remnant of the Berlin Wall. Even as I enjoyed the quiet, clean, and plentiful trains that made getting around Berlin so easy and pleasant, I couldn't help but think how this train system was used and perfected in the transportation of humans to their terrible deaths.
Bruce said that as he walked around Berlin he was constantly wondering, "What happened here? In this exact spot?" It's a good question for any one of us to ask any day and in any spot. You can bet something happened wherever you are, even if it's been covered over or obliterated by the passage of time. When I take a moment to let that reverberate in my mind and body, I am enlivened and reminded to choose carefully (and to the extent I can) which kind of path toward the future I might participate in.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Music, Politics & Current Events, Visual Arts, Writing and tagged Berlin, Berlin Wall, Billy Wilder, Buchenwald, concentration camps, Death Mills, Franz Liszt, Friedrich Schiller, German Democratic Republic, Germany, Has Christian Andersen, Johann Sebastian Bach, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Nazis, Orpheus, Oskar Schlemmer, Paul Klee, Topography of Terror, Walter Gropius, Wassily Kandinsky, Weimar. Bookmark the permalink.
Three Stories About Poop
Posted on June 4, 2012 by Lisa Roney
From an 1899 edition of The Emperor's New Clothes, illustrated by Helen Stratton.
Today, I take a turn from the sacred and beautiful (kd lang, Leonard Cohen, Maya Lin, Pablo Neruda) to the profane and silly. It is time for a summer change of mood.
I have always loved Hans Christian Andersen's The Emperor's New Clothes. In my younger years, I identified with the child who cried out, when no one else would, that the Emperor was "wearing nothing at all." Now that I am older, I sometimes still identify with the child who finds the b.s. absurd and sometimes with the naked Emperor—if only the world could see my finery even though it exists mostly in my mind, if only I didn't wish to believe in a more wonderful version of things than what is true.
As a writer, I am always fascinated by the vagaries of human behavior, and the way that expectations interact with interpretations often rises to the top of the list. Saturday, when Bruce and I drove around Orlando doing errands, we stumbled into a set of humorously-themed reminiscences about this very thing and had a good laugh.
Much can be disguised with chocolate.
When I was growing up, we fortunately had lots of books around the house, and one story from one of these books came back to me when I was broken-hearted by a hapless fellow during grad school. I recalled the story from one of Willie Morris's memoirs about growing up in Yazoo, Mississippi—probably his first, North Toward Home. Morris would later become well-known for his book and the subsequent movie My Dog, Skip, but even earlier he was fond of tales of rambunctious shenanigans from an earlier era. He particularly loved dog stories.
The vignette involved a schoolteacher or some other figure of authority who had punished Morris as a boy. He struck upon a perfect revenge, and wrapped up a beautiful package that he sent as a gift through the mail: he filled the pretty little box with dog shit from his faithful companion pet. Appropriate hilarity ensued.
I never acted on my own desire for revenge—such pranks are no longer considered harmless—but I spent a good bit of time fantasizing about taking cat turds out of the litter box with toothpicks, slicing them up, and dipping them in melted chocolate so they would look like fine homemade candies. I just knew that if I left a pretty box of these bon-bons on my ex-boyfriend's front porch, he and his housemates would dig right in. This household of men-boys had several female "friends" who would leave homemade goodies and farm produce for them in a hippie-cool people-alternative culture version of the age-old adage that a way to a man's heart is through his stomach.
Over and over, I imagined the horrified surprise on the faces of those guys—the way they would smugly accept the anonymous gift, thinking it their fine lot in life to have such offerings at their doorstep, how whoever found it would show it to the others and they would gather around for the greedy unwrapping, how they would ooh and ahh, and then one would reach out with his long fingers and pop a candy in his mouth. I even thought that perhaps I could make the turd bits small enough that it would take a few bites for reality to dawn.
Sometimes, even I, all Miss Genuine though I generally am, see the advantages in creating mistaken perceptions. This little idea made me laugh enough to get me through a tough time.
"It's too big to be a dog's."
My step-granny's face expressed genuine horror one morning when she returned from a short walk before breakfast. One summer week in the sleepy year before I finished high school and went off to college, Billie and my granddad were visiting from Middle Tennessee. She stood in the kitchen with her mouth open in disbelief.
"What's wrong?" my father asked her.
It was as if she had lost the ability to speak. She started and stopped a few times. Finally, she shook her head, and said, "Well, I don't know how to say this. But apparently someone—some person—has taken a crap right out in the middle of the street in front of the mailbox. It's too big to be a dog's. Who would do such a thing?"
"What on earth?" My father frowned and looked at my brother and me, as though we would know. Shocked horror went around the table. My brother and I were "good kids," and we'd grown up in suburbia, not a Willie Morris small town.
"I didn't know what to think," Granny Billie said, her pretty mouth pursed. "I've never seen anything like that." She shook her head. Since Billie was a nurse, we knew she had seen her fair share of human excrement and should be a good judge.
After breakfast, my father went out with a spade and bag to clean it up. He eventually returned to the house as stunned as Billie. "It looked as though someone just dropped it right there," he told my mother in hushed tones.
The incident haunted us all for several days—a tiny bit like having a cross burned in your yard, I thought at the time. Who could hate us so much? Since we didn't have any real candidates on a list of enemies that bitter, we speculated that someone else had been out walking and just had an overwhelming urge, barely getting their trousers down in time. But we couldn't imagine that they'd leave it there or not at least dash behind some shrubbery. Billie quit taking morning walks, and we all stayed just a little closer to home, the mystery hanging in the air as thickly as any smell.
A few days later, however, we learned the truth—our neighbors the Griegers had just gotten a new German Shepherd after the death a few weeks earlier of old Blitz. The dog evidently was adjusting to a new diet with prolific poops and was still oriented toward using a paved kennel-floor for his business rather than woods and leafy ground.
The question remained, of course, why the Griegers, perfectly respectable folks who we knew quite well, had left it there. I have to say that we always wondered. I still do.
Since Marcel Duchamp's 1917 Fountain, it's hard to determine the bounds of art.
One semester when Bruce was living in New York city on a sabbatical from Augustana College where he taught, his friend Keith visited him from Alberta. They embarked on a tour of numerous art galleries, painting being Keith's profession, and gallery walks being one of their favorite city activities.
At one point, they stepped into a vast, echoing gallery space and began walking around. No one seemed to be there—not a gallery clerk in sight—but a large pile of what was apparently dog poop sat neatly in the middle of the floor, still seemingly steaming.
Bruce looked at Keith, and Keith looked at Bruce, and they both looked at the pile. There were several sculptures scattered about the room, and they looked to see if any of the others had kinetic properties such as steam or smell. They leaned over the pile to see if it might be made of anything but the real stuff.
Was it dog poop or was it art? They didn't feel quite sure and laughed over the conundrum.
Soon enough, the gallery host returned to the room and came toward them with the usual slightly officious style. As he crossed the expanse of floor toward Bruce and Keith, his eyes encountered the pile, and he jumped back with a gasp.
"Oh, my," he said, "how awful." He ran to the back for a roll of paper towels and a mop.
Sometimes, I try to remember that even mis-apprehension can be productive, as long as it makes us wonder about the world around us. This week, I'm going to remember these stories and try to take a closer look around. Even though I am a devotee of something called "the genuine," it is good to remember that it's a wonderful and often hilarious part of life that things are not always what they seem to be.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Psychology, Visual Arts, Writing and tagged Fountain, Hans Christian Andersen, Marcel Duchamp, North Toward Home, pets, revenge, The Emperor's New Clothes, Willie Morris. Bookmark the permalink.
Memorial Day and Maya Lin
Posted on May 28, 2012 by Lisa Roney
Most of the time, our remembrances of those who have fought in wars are characterized by respect for bravery and sacrifice and ambivalence about the existence of these wars in the first place. I don't know whether it's actually true that previous generations didn't feel quite so much ambivalence, though that is the story we are told: World War I and World War II were seen as "necessary" and "moral," whereas once the United States launched itself into Vietnam, and, more recently, the Middle East, our government has had less clear and lofty purposes.
In the U.S., civilians have been sheltered for a long, long time from the brutal day-to-day realities of war. We haven't had an official war on U.S. soil since the Civil War ended in 1865, and nearly eighty years had already passed when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor in 1941 and then landed troops in the Aleutian Islands the following summer. Seventy years have now passed since then, with only 9/11 as a major attack on U.S. soil.
But, as Edna St. Vincent Millay once noted in an untitled poem, "Peace / Is the temporary beautiful ignorance that War / Somewhere progresses."
Indeed, much of the world is caught up in war on any given day.
In my own family, on this day, we honor the memory of my grandfather, Robert Kelly Roney, Jr., who fought was sent to North Africa, then Europe, during World War II and came home full of shrapnel that remained in his body for the duration of his life. He did not often tell the story of his shrapnel, at least not to me. In our family, the women were "protected" from these details.
On the other hand, he would sometimes tell the story of the deceit and betrayal that he experienced at home before his service and after his return from the battlefield in the figure of his father-in-law and employer, Edgar, more commonly referred to in the Southern way by the initials E.A.. While R.K. was gone to the front, E.A.'s vegetable canning factory was investigated for nefarious practices. As part of the "war effort," the canning company provided a certain portion of its goods to the military—to be shipped overseas as rations or used in bases to feed training soldiers. My grandfather had managed the factory before his departure, and it appalled him to later learn that his father-in-law had established the practice of sending cans filled with water, devoid of food.
R.K. would shake his head when he told this story, and you could always see his amazement at the idea that a soldier in the field might open one of these cans hungry, perhaps very hungry, and remain that way. As a veteran himself, he felt this at a personal level. It was as if his own father-in-law had left him to starve on the battlefield.
Perhaps that was precisely what E.A. hoped—that somehow R.K. would see a familiar can label in the mess hall or trenches and then find nothing. The two of them had been in conflict for some time—over a woman. I didn't understand the implications of the story for many years, but many's the time that R.K. would tell us the tale of how, one night as he worked late in the office of the plant, pouring over the books, his pencil rolled off the desk. He leaned down to the floor to retrieve it when a bullet smashed through the window and whirred over his head.
"It must have been just a warning," he would grin at my brother and me, "because it was only the one shot. But I lay on the floor for quite some time waiting for more."
We would gasp at the excitement of it, never fully comprehending the breadth and depth of the story. The canning factory would burn to the ground in time to make the investigation about the empty cans moot, my grandfather would suspect insurance-fraud arson by his father-in-law, my grandfather and great-grandfather would part ways, and my grandparents' marriage would break irrevocably and forever apart.
My grandfather would nod at us and warn us about the wars at home, but not about the wars overseas. Later, when my brother grew up, they would share some war story sessions, but not me. I was left with the domestic discord.
Perhaps that is one reason why the story of Maya Lin's Vietnam War Memorial so stirred me when I was a young woman studying art in college. It's hard to imagine now the uproar that greeted the news when her design, selected as the best from the 1,442 submissions, was revealed to have been created by a 21-year-old female—one of Asian descent and one still an undergraduate student (albeit at Yale). By now much of the ugly outrage, though mentioned, has been sanitized in writings about the memorial, but in the early 1980s—both after the design selection was revealed and after the memorial was built and opened to public view in 1982—the memorial stood to harsh criticism, racist and sexist commentary, and a deep questioning of what the purpose of a war memorial is.
Perhaps most importantly, several veterans groups spoke out to the effect that the memorial constituted one more insult to their service in a war that the nation had ultimately turned against. Instead of honoring the dead, they felt that its underground structure indicated shame and an attempt to erase their honorable service. (This video is clearly a student project, and flawed, but contains one of the best overviews I could find and the second half shows some footage of the vitriol and misunderstanding to which Lin and her design were subjected.) This was the cause of the inclusion of the more traditional figurative statue that stands behind and off to the side of the Wall memorial. The Three Soldiers statue was added to appease those who wanted a more "heroic" monument. Even that became a battle, as its proponents insisted it should be placed above Lin's Wall, at its apex, which would have completely defeated her artistic vision of a wound in the earth that would represent the solemnity of the loss of soldiers' lives. Fortunately, Lin prevailed.
By the time The Three Soldiers was completed and unveiled in 1984, and the Vietnam Women's Memorial in 1993, they had taken on an appropriate secondary role. Maya Lin's work of landscape art had won over almost all who experienced it first-hand, and it has over the years evoked the most amazing response of any war memorial on earth.
I will never forget my first visit to the Wall, shortly after its installation. I remember approaching it along a sidewalk through the park setting of the Mall, past the Washington Monument and through the peaceful green of the trees and grass. Gradually, I went down the long, sloping walk. At first, it felt simply as though I were passing a short retaining wall, but then I was down in the vee itself, the noises of the city dropping away to silence, the wall rising above me, the names shocking in their specificity, my face reflected back at me from the shining, black granite, the names imprinted on my face.
Even then, there were already offerings placed near these specific soldiers' names. Even then, people searched for the names of their loved ones and caressed them when they found them. Even then, people wept over these names, and took rubbings of the names to take home. Even then people felt more connected to this memorial than to any of the stately ones scattered nearby and towering over the pathways and picnics. This memorial took my breath away. I felt as though I myself had died and was being buried along with every one of the men and women listed there.
The Wall taught the country that it was not the individual veterans who should be held accountable for any war, whether a just or unjust one. It changed our discourse about war and its effects, it publicly personalized the act of memorialization, forced us to face the complexities of a national politics reliant on a background of war. It did a lot, perhaps more than any other single piece of art in the contemporary world, while at the same time demonstrating clearly that gender and ethnicity (and even youthfulness) were not determinative of power or understanding. Alas, it could not also bring about the end of the institution of war itself.
May we all honor those who have served, while at the same time supporting efforts to find another way of negotiating our world.
It's difficult to find a good video online that summarizes the impact of Maya Lin's Vietnam War Memorial. The one I featured above is from the 25th anniversary of the memorial. There also exists a good full-length documentary, Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, directed by Freida Lee Mock and released in 1994.
This video uses some clips from that film to talk about a PBS veterans storytelling project.
Here, there's a pastiche of several parts of Maya Lin: A Strong Clear Vision, with great commentary on the memorial. Goes on to discuss other memorials that Lin has designed, including the Civil Rights Memorial.
This one is a tour through the memorial site on a very cold day. Not professionally made, but a good overview if you've never been there. It's even interesting that the wind, so annoying in the early moments, dies down as the camera enters the deeper part of the memorial, clearly demonstrating its quieting effect.
The offerings left at the memorial are discussed here.
Three Pentagon-sponsored videos that relate to the memorial:
Part 1: about the history and effect of the memorial
Part 2: about veterans who embraced the memorial by designing an offering of a specially made Harley-Davidson motorcycle
Part 3: about schoolchildren visiting the memorial in recent years
A veteran describes the effect of the memorial, as well as Footnote's development of a program to document veteran stories.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Politics & Current Events, Visual Arts and tagged grandfather, Maya Lin, Memorial Day, Robert Kelly Roney Jr., Vietnam Veterans Memorial, war. Bookmark the permalink.
Jason deCaires Taylor
Posted on April 2, 2012 by Lisa Roney
Jason deCaires Taylor's underwater sculpture Vicissitudes.
I'm at the age where I have a huge backlog of memories and experiences to draw on. One thing that this means is that usually when I post something here about an artist, a movie, a book, or a poem, I find myself going over and over again to the well of my old favorites.
It's wonderful, however, to add new favorites, and Jason deCaires Taylor has become a new favorite. A former student of mine recently posted a photo of Vicissitudes on Facebook (thanks, Niah), and I was captured enough from that small image to look up more about his work. Time will tell, not only if he remains a favorite with me, but what will happen to his beautiful and moving underwater sculptures.
Right now, however, I can say that I think a lot about them is really, really great. Visually, even in video rather than on site, the combination of the human figures, the blue waters that surround them, and the living fish and other creatures that move around them is stunning. For another thing, they have a practical purpose—because he is concerned about the endangered status of the world's coral reefs, Taylor structures his sculptures to foster coral growth and hopes that they will help to form the basis of new reefs. Taylor uses live models to make plaster casts and then concrete figures of great diversity and simplicity. Even a few years after their placement under water, the figures show all kinds of changes, and their impending and ultimate obliteration forms a commentary about the human place in the world. There's a sense that humans who don't face up to their own eventual death and the fact of their fleshy nature are very wrong. And yet, the sculptures are gentle and loving as well—they mourn our eventual passage all the while demonstrating its inevitability.
Welcome to a new favorite. There are several wonderful galleries of photos on the website (here's one on The Silent Evolution, and check out others from the galleries tab), but please don't skimp on watching the videos. They are very different from the still photos, and the sea flows through them.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Visual Arts and tagged coral reefs, Jason deCaires Taylor, The Silent Evolution, Vicissitudes. Bookmark the permalink.
Imitation Isn't Always the Sincerest Form of Flattery
Posted on February 27, 2012 by Lisa Roney
Ernest Hemingway with his son John Hadley Nicanor (Bumby), 1927.
One semester I had a student who turned in a story that I believed was plagiarized from Hemingway. The student had frequently spoken of his admiration of the minimalist master, and the story he turned in had the tell-tale traits, at least superficially. I had seen (even assigned) emulations before, but usually they were ham-fisted, amateurish, and identifiable as copies. Usually my students couldn't keep their own personalities from peeping through. I had also seen completely plagiarized stories—once a student had turned in an entire Stephen King story with even the title intact. So I began searching for this Hemingway story.
I couldn't find it. And I had to admit that if I couldn't find it, the student probably hadn't found it anywhere either. Creative writing students seldom plagiarize, and in my experience they never do so with enough leisure to hide their trails. The story, I decided, also didn't quite have the Hemingway attitude toward women. I finally came to the conclusion that this student had just written a very good stylistic emulation of Hemingway. The following year I had him in another class, and by then he had begun to write like himself.
This is the usual trajectory for writers. But it might be different for a talented painting student.
At any rate, the production of fake manuscripts by dead famous authors is not a big business. It's been known to happen, but the difficulties seem to surmount the temptation. Even though the Antiques Roadshow estimates that the lost suitcase of a pile of Hemingway's manuscripts might reap $3 to 4 million if it was ever found, no one has tried to fake it. Instead, literary hoaxes tend to be more of the James Frey variety, with an author claiming a realm or set of experiences themselves that are false. These are the cases that seem to most common in accounts like Melissa Katsoulis's Telling Tales: A History of Literary Hoaxes.
However, in the world of the visual arts, this kind of forgery is not at all uncommon. It's one of the fundamental differences between the various arts, and it is based on the reproducible nature of the written word and music. Original manuscripts and scores may be valuable, but the real money is in an original artwork like a painting. A literary work may be experienced a million times over with the same power even from a cheap paperback copy, and the power of music lies in the details of its performance, but the original painting can only be experienced first-hand, in person, in the flesh. Even rough, imperfect, one-of-a-kind preliminary sketches made in preparation for prints can take on more value than the prints that were their ultimate end.
The New York Times covered such interesting happenings in the art world this week, with a different kind of retrospective from that of Cindy Sherman—an account of what is evidently a fraud perpetrated on the art world for nearly twenty years. A small-time art dealer, Glafira Rosales, is now tangled in legal troubles for numerous paintings she sold as works by some of the best-known Modernists—Rothko, Motherwell, Diebenkorn, de Kooning, and Pollock. Ann Freedman, former president at the famous Knoedler gallery, was evidently drawn into the fraud, bought several of the paintings herself, and helped to sell others for millions of dollars. Now Knoedler has closed and many of the paintings' purchasers are suing for their money back.
And yet, the case points out the extent to which artists can be imitated, just as writers can. Pastiche, in fact, frequently forms part of an artist's tutelage, and sometimes people are very good at it. What is viewed as a helpful learning practice becomes criminal, however, if someone gets too very good at it. And in the art world large profits can be had in this way.
In the recent case reported by the Times, there is no conclusion. No forger has been revealed, and some still claim that these paintings might, somehow, be authentic, even though some of the paints used in them were not available commercially at the dates they were claimed to have been painted. But I am compelled to think about that forger or those forgers and how he or she or they decided to produce these masterful paintings and put masterful names on them. These are paintings that fooled some of the world's experts, and someone decided that money and the satisfaction of skill and cleverness would prevail over someone's performance of his or her or their own talents. Well, being able to fool the experts is, I suppose, a talent of its own.
I can see the appeal, actually, of working for a fame in someone else's name.
Of sticking it to an art world where fame and income are restricted to a very select few even though many have talent to spare.
Of playing a trick on a universe where work that is done out of deep, self-motivated reaches of the imagination is then commodified and traded like so much chattel.
There is such a hateful despair in the theft involved. It's hard for me to see one artist doing this to another or to herself or himself.
These cases seem to me to illuminate the chasm between the two channels of art: the need to communicate through whatever medium, on the one hand, and the business of buying and selling and making contacts and fostering fame on the other. It's not a new conundrum, and different writers and artists and musicians have answered it differently over the centuries.
For myself, it is true that I would love to sell another book sometime, to be paid for my labor. But that isn't why I do it. I watch so many of my cohort desperately scratching at the door, and I both admire their business sense and wonder what their work would be like without it. Obviously, balance is in order—I would not have all my writer friends starving and homeless, and I would enjoy a world where expertise and skill in the arts were respected far more than they are these days. I know that a lot of writers, musicians, and artists do what they think they have to do to survive and thrive. But I would not have us all pretending to be Motherwell or Rothko or Hemingway, in either name or fame. And I have a sneaking suspicion that the artist who engages with the world without constantly grasping at fame—whether in his or her own name or that of another—is all the more free to pursue the ragged path of art.
Posted in Culture & Arts, Psychology, Visual Arts, Writing and tagged Ann Freedman, art forgery, Ernest Hemingway, Glafira Rosales, Jackson Pollock, James Frey, Knoedler gallery, literary hoaxes, Mark Rothko, Melissa Katsoulis, Richard Diebenkorn, Robert Motherwell, Stephen King, Willem de Kooning. Bookmark the permalink.


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IPv6 Features
by Ayden I
in New Technologies Networking
We have already spoken about what is IPv6 and its improvements over IPv4. Now let us tell you more about the features that come with IPv6. The successor of IPv4 is not designed to be backward compatible. Trying to keep the basic functionalities of IP addressing, IPv6 is redesigned entirely. It offers the following features:• Larger Address SpaceIn contrast to IPv4, IPv6 uses 4 times more bits to address a device on the Internet. This much of extra bits can provide approximately 3.4×1038 different combinations of addresses. This address can accumulate the aggressive requirement of...
IT Networking
Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the next generation of the Internet Protocol (IP). IPv6 was developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) to deal with the long-anticipated problem of IPv4 address exhaustion. Throughout this article, we will become familiar with the concept of IPv6. Overview Internet Protocol version 6 is a new addressing protocol designed to incorporate all the possible requirements of the future Internet known to us as Internet version 2. This protocol, like its predecessor, IPv4, works on the Network Layer (Layer-3) of the OSI model. Along with its...
Facebook Plans to Use Your Photos for Advertisement
by Antoniy Yushkevych
in Privacy IT News New Technologies
Recently Facebook was granted a patent in the US for a system which detects items like alcoholic drinks and snacks from users' photos. Facebook plans to turn its users into advertisement stars through this automatic scanning system. Facebook would take those pictures and send them to the respective brands and those brands will use these pictures to post for other Facebook users (if the said brands choose to do this). The way this system works can be explained better with an example: Let us say that you posted the above picture on Facebook. It has Coca-cola, Jack Daniels and Grey...
View Content in 8K With the New DisplayPort 2.0 Standard
in New Technologies IT News
Just eleven years ago, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) released the Display Port 1.0 standard with an 8.64Gbit/s data rate. Since then, multiple improvements have been made, but not as large as the ones announced last week. VESA unveiled the new DisplayPort 2.0 specification with the max payload of 77.37Gbps. It is expected to start shipping with monitors in late 2020. The new near 80Gbps max bandwidth is 10 times of that of the original DisplayPort 1.0 and 3x more than its latest update (i.e. DisplayPort 1.4) to the standard. These improvements will allow the port to be the...
What is WebMoney?
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From the growing popularity of the internet, came to life the market of digital currency. It allows people to shop online without having to pay via a direct bank transaction. One of the most popular online payment systems is WebMoney, as it is very efficient for servicing non-bank internet customers. WebMoney is an online payment system and comprehensive tool for online business activities. It was originally established in 1998 in Russia as a money transfer system for US dollars. Since then, nearly 40 million people from all around the...
What are Cryptocurrencies and How Do They Work?
What is a Cryptocurrency? A cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange that uses strong cryptography to secure financial transactions, control the creation of additional units and verify the transfer of assets. In essence, they are limited entries in a database that no one can change unless specific conditions are fulfilled. The Emergence of Cryptocurrencies. Although during the 90's tech boom many attempts were made to create a digital currency, they all inevitably failed due to fraud and financial problems. All these systems used a Trusted Third...
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Google Chrome shortens links automatically
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Over the recent past, new updates for Google Chrome are happening very frequenty. These changes come as a very small part for the browser but are followed by major changes. Chrome will shorten links automatically As you know, some sites have very high links because of very large nesting categories and menus. Because of this wee will have problems sharing them on social networks.Due to this, Google Chrome is aiming for an interesting approach which will automatically shorten all the links that are long. On Google Chrome 64, just share a link from the browser's share menu to see the...
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Ran Blake / Houston Person: Suffield Gothic [Vinyl 1LP]
Straightahead / Mainstream Jazz
opakowanie: Singlefoldowe etui
Suffield Gothic is an album by the American jazz pianist Ran Blake featuring saxophonist Houston Person. It was recorded in 1983 and released on the Italian Soul Note label.
Allmusic.com
On four of the nine selections of this otherwise solo piano set, Ran Blake duets with the warm and soulful tenor of Houston Person. Rather than playing some blues or standards (all of the solo pieces are well-known), Person and Blake surprisingly explore four of the pianist's quirky originals, and the unusual matchup turns out quite well. Other highlights include Blake's transformations of "Pete Kelly's Blues," "Old Man River" and "Stars and Stripes Forever," plus a medley of tunes played in tribute to Mahalia Jackson.
by Scott Yanow
muzycy:
Ran Blake, piano
Houston Person, tenor saxophone
1. Curtis
2. Pete Kelly's Blues
3. There's Been a Change in My Life
5. Old Man River
6. Tribute to Mahalia
7. Walk Over God's Heaven
8. It Don't Cost Very Much
10. Indian Winter
11. Stars and Stripes Forever
12. Midnight Local to Tate County
total time - 42:16
wydano: 2018 (1984)
nagrano: Recorded on September 28 & 29, 1983
more info: www.blacksaint.com
Soul Note (I)
Ran Blake / Houston Person
Suffield Gothic [Vinyl 1LP]
Vinyl 1LP
Laurie Anderson: Bright Red...
Archie Shepp: A Sea of Faces
Gerald Toto, Richard Bona,...
Biber & Fux: Chamber Music...


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Horseshoe to launch operations in Gibraltar
Bermudian ILS manager launches in Gibraltar
EIOPA and World Bank promote global industry
Run-off: when the stars align
Bermuda-based Horseshoe Group has confirmed it plans to launch operations in Gibraltar later this year.
Andre Perez, founder and chief executive officer of the insurance management firm, confirmed that the company's application for an insurance management licence in Gibraltar is currently with regulators.
"We hope to commence operations before the end of year," he said.
Horseshoe Group, Andre Perez, Bermuda, Europe


The American Way: Patriotic Inspired Interiors | Style. Design. Innovation.
There's nothing better than kicking off summer fun by celebrating Independence Day. Eating delicious BBQ, watching fireworks light up the sky and laughing with family and friends—sounds like the ideal summer day to me! Of course the fun and festivities wouldn't be the same without just a bit of patriotism, and by a bit of patriotism I mean sporting an all red, white ,and blue look–it's a must! I love the Americana color combo, especially when used in interiors: it's a crisp, clean and fun color palette that can fit many design styles.
In my search for some really fun patriotic inspired interiors to share with you to commemorate the holiday I found two really interesting but very different bathrooms! Both spaces use the flag as a focal point: one is traditional and goes all out using the motif throughout the space while the other is more of a rustic bath that cleverly uses a flag as a curtain. We like both looks but want to know which one you would choose! Let us know in the comment section below.


Last month I made these healthy vegan blondies (similar to brownies minus the chocolate so they are blonde haha) with chocolate chunks and peanut butter. They were delicious and did not last long in our house! My toddler twins have not had much chocolate so far in their lives and they absolutely loved the chocolate chunks on top but it was a little messy! I avoided melted chocolate finger prints on our white walls but just!
1/3 cup of dark dairy-free chocolate broken into chunks.
1 cup of flour of your choice- I used wholemeal.
2. In a food processor mix the chickpeas (drained and rinsed) then add the other ingredients. Add more milk if needed.
3. Pour in your brownie pan, top with the chocolate chunks or chips and cook for 20-25 minute.
4. Leave to cool for 30 minutes and cut into 12 squares.
5. Best kept in the fridge for up to 3-4 days.


WASHINGTON, D.C. – Philip Morris International – the world's largest non-governmental cigarette manufacturer – has announced that it is establishing a Foundation for a Smoke-Free World, with funding of $80 million per year over the next 12 years.
Philip Morris has a long history of deceiving the public and doing whatever it takes to sell cigarettes. This is not the first time Philip Morris has announced that it is funding "independent" research, nor is it the first time it has claimed to support "independent" researchers. Each of its past efforts have been nothing more than a smokescreen to divert attention from its marketing practices, the harm its products cause and the strong scientific consensus that already existed – both about the harm of its products and the scientifically proven ways to reduce tobacco use. There is no reason to believe that this announcement is any different.
Today, we know how to reduce tobacco use. The scientific evidence is strong and conclusive. The problem is that companies like Philip Morris continue to oppose the adoption of these policies and programs.
Philip Morris' claimed commitment to a "smoke-free world" cannot be taken seriously so long as it continues to aggressively market cigarettes and fight proven policies to reduce smoking and save lives around the world. Until Philip Morris ceases these harmful activities, its claims should be seen as yet another public relations stunt aimed at repairing the company's image and not a serious effort to reduce the death and disease caused by its products. The amount Philip Morris is spending on its new foundation is a drop in the bucket compared to the $75 billion in revenues and over $17 billion in profits the company reported in 2016, most of it from selling cigarettes.
If Philip Morris is truly committed to a smoke-free future, it should immediately take two steps: 1) Actively support the policies to reduce cigarette smoking that are endorsed by the public health community and an international public health treaty, the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC); and 2) set an example for the tobacco industry by stopping all marketing of cigarettes.
There is a global consensus about how to reduce tobacco use. The problem is not a lack of evidence requiring research, it is the fact that Philip Morris and other tobacco companies continue to fight strong policies proven to reduce tobacco use around the world. Philip Morris continues to lobby against effective measures called for by the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, such as higher tobacco taxes, graphic health warnings and bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. An investigative report published by Reuters in July revealed a massive, secret campaign by Philip Morris to undermine the FCTC, depicting "a company that has focused its vast global resources on bringing to heel the world's tobacco control treaty." In recent years, Philip Morris has also filed numerous legal challenges to strong tobacco control laws adopted by Australia, Uruguay and other countries. It is the height of hypocrisy for Philip Morris to proclaim publicly that it is helping to solve the tobacco problem while it wages all-out campaigns against efforts to reduce tobacco use and save lives.
Philip Morris continues to aggressively market cigarettes around the world, often in ways that appeal to kids and much of it targeting low- and middle-income countries that can least afford the burden of tobacco-related death and disease. In a recent example, Philip Morris launched a global marketing campaign for its best-selling Marlboro cigarettes, called "Be Marlboro," that uses themes and images that appeal to youth. The campaign, which has been rolled out in over 60 countries, features young people partying, falling in love, playing music and engaging in risky behavior. In many countries, Philip Morris and its subsidiaries have introduced flavored cigarettes that appeal to youth, conducted aggressive marketing near elementary schools, sponsored race cars and concerts, and engaged in other youth-oriented marketing.
This isn't the first time Philip Morris has stated a commitment to funding research with the goal of reducing the death and disease caused by cigarettes, but every prior announcement was nothing more than a smokescreen to enable it to continue business as usual. In 1954, a Philip Morris vice president stated, "[I]f we had any thought or knowledge that in any way we were selling a product harmful to our customers, we would stop business tomorrow." In 1997, Philip Morris CEO Geoffrey Bible said in a deposition that the company would halt production if presented with evidence that smoking causes lung cancer, stating he would "shut it down instantly." Yet today, cigarettes make up almost all of Philip Morris International's business and profits.
Cigarette smoking kills more than 7 million people worldwide each year and is projected to kill 1 billion people this century. To end this terrible epidemic, we need strong action by governments to reduce tobacco use, not empty promises from tobacco companies.


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All Elite Wrestling/YouTube
10 Weirdest Segments In Wrestling History
Wrestling is strange anyway, but sometimes it just got that little bit stranger...
By Jack Atkins
12 March, 2021 11:30 AM
Wrestling is inherently weird.
It's a sport which is a drama which is pre-determined but physically knackering, and the most powerful person in the industry doesn't know what a burrito is.
It's one of those things that if you get it, you get it, but to outsiders it just doesn't make sense.
And, honestly, can you blame them?
One of the most revered wrestlers of all time is a near seven-foot tall zombie undertaker who is also a Satanic priest, and a redneck biker, but also some kind of dead cowboy. And let's not even get started on his brother…
But even in this odd world of wrestling, some segments have stuck out for their unadulterated strangeness.
Before we start; these are segments that are weird in comparison to their federations and surroundings, so therefore there'll be no DDT Pro or Chikara or any other zany company in here, because they are bonkers from the ground up.
Coming from left-field, defying all convention, and usually asking us to leave logic at the door, they are equally celebrated and derided, and often leave people like Lance Storm and Jim Cornette turning a dark shade of purple...
Here are the ten weirdest segments in wrestling history!
10. Le Dinner Debonair
The most recent entry on this list was one of the most divisive wrestling moments of 2020, and considering it was the year of the cinematic match, that's quite the accolade.
As part of MJF's ongoing quest to infiltrate The Inner Circle and remould it in his image, he sat down for a steak dinner with the group's head honcho; Le Champion Chris Jericho.
What we expected was one of the greatest of all time and the best talker of a generation to go back and forth, bickering, chatting, whatever they wanted. The last thing we expected was what we got.
Out of nowhere the two launched into a rendition of Rat Pack classic 'Me and My Shadow', with MJF filling in for Sammy Davis Jr., and Jericho doing his best Sinatra impression.
And they really gave it their all.
Jabs at all the faces in AEW, backing dancers, tops and tails, Jericho turning bright red - it was a full-on Vegas extravaganza. Then as soon as it finished they resumed their dinner like nothing happened.
For a more 'sports oriented' product like AEW, this felt really out of the blue.
It would have been more at home on something like Sesame Street… actually imagine that - Oscar the Grouch and MJF?
BOOK IT, BIG BIRD!
On the other hand, the New York Times did name it in their best performances of 2020. So each to their own.
New Japan Cup 2021 Results - March 11, 2021: Second Round Gets Underway
The War Report: March 10, 2021 - Bálor vs. Cole, Christian Cage Meets Kenny Omega
Written by Jack Atkins
Scripts, news, and features writer. Anything with words, basically.


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Children with HIV may lack measles, mumps, rubella immunity
Elizabeth Gough-Gordon, Digital Content Editor
Children with HIV may not have sufficient MMR immunity.
Even with vaccination, children with HIV may not have sufficient immunity against measles, mumps, and rubella, reports a new study in the journal Clinical Infectious Diseases. However, initiation of antiretroviral therapy before the first MMR vaccine dose was also associated with having adequate levels of immunity against these diseases.
Children aged 7–15 in the United States and Puerto Rico were enrolled in the National Institutes of Health's (NIH) Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) from 2007–2009 to assess individuals who were exposed to HIV in the womb.
Serum specimens from 428 children who were perinatally infected with HIV (PHIV) and 221 children who were HIV-exposed and uninfected (HEU) were analyzed for antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella; about 93% of both groups had received at least the recommended two doses of the MMR vaccine.
Overall the PHIV group was significantly less likely to have protective levels of antibodies against measles, mumps, and rubella compared to the HEU arm.
Children who were PHIV who started combined antiretroviral therapy prior to receiving their MMR vaccine doses were more likely to have protective levels of antibodies against all three diseases, particularly if they had higher levels of CD4+ cells at the time of vaccination.
The authors noted that because the older children in the study were representative of the PHIV population in the U.S., other PHIV youth may also lack adequate immunity to measles, mumps, and rubella.
They recommend that individuals who received their MMR vaccinations before the introduction of combined antiretroviral therapy should consult with their clinician on additional doses of the vaccine.
1. Siberry G, et al. Clin Infect Dis. (2015) 61 (6): 996-1003 doi:10.1093/cid/civ437
This article originally appeared on Infectious Disease Advisor
HIV/AIDS Infectious Disease Vaccination Vaccines
Patients with, without HIV have similar lung microbiomes
Close more info about Children with HIV may lack measles, mumps, rubella immunity


Signature Marpac sound from the iconic natural white noise machines you know and love now comes with the "plus" of a nightlight and footswitch. This single speed Dohm sound machine features an optional led nightlight, perfect to be used in nurseries, bedrooms, and hallways at home or as an indicator light for offices. The footswitch power feature allows the unit to be turned off and on with the touch of a foot – perfect for when hands are full or bending over is another way awkward – making unobtrusive sound machine placement even more convenient. The Dohm+ effectively masks unwanted noises and creates a calming sound environment, making it easier to pay attention, loosen up, or get some serious sleep. Dohm produces the soothing 'shush' sound of rushing air without the disturbance of actual moving air. The unique design allows Dohm to produce a completely natural constant yet customizable sound – Marpac signature sound – the use of no digital loops or recordings. This simple, effective sound conditioner is in a position to block distracting noises across a range of frequencies for deeper sleep, relaxation, and concentration; it also helps offer protection to confidentiality in places where sensitive information is shared. For individuals who prefer some noise to no noise at all, the Dohm provides a soft, comfortable background sound where it might another way be too quiet. Advisable for infants, restless sleepers, shift workers, students, spouses of snorers, apartment dwellers, office workers, doctors, and therapists, among many others.


Here is the definitive list of Jacksonville's piano movers as rated by the Jacksonville, FL community. Want to see who made the cut?
Piano Transport Services is the premier piano mover in Jacksonville. We also provide climate controlled storage and are fully insured.
Moving a piano is generally best done by professional piano movers as it is a fairly touchy business. Pianos are not only quite heavy, but they also tend to carry their weight in an awkward fashion.