Records where field Subjects matches value [SWITZERLAND], sorted by record number.
1. REPORT ON ACTIVITIES IN LUCERNE.
2. RE CURRENT INFO CONCERNING OSWALD. NO INFO ON POSSIBLE TRIP TO SWITZERLAND OR USE OF BIRTH CERTIFICATE.
4. BOOK REPORT DESCRIBING FORTHCOMING BOOK "THE TRUTH ABOUT THE KENNEDY MURDER" BY JOACHIM JOESTEN.
Comments: OSW14 : V54 : 1993.06.19.08:31:49:250000 : CIA CROSS REF TO FBI DOCUMENT HELD BY CIA.
5. ALLEGATIONS OF PFC. EUGENE B. DINKIN. U. S. ARMY, RELATIVE TO ASSASSIANTION PLOT AGAINST PRESIDENT KENNEDY.
Comments: OSW14 : V54 : 1993.06.21.17:46:55:810140 : 7 ADDITIONAL FILE-ORIGINAL PAGES RELEASED TO NARA; 2 RETAINED AT CIA.
6. TELETYPE MESSAGE - IN CONVERSATION WITH CLOSE FRIEND IN BERN, SWITZERLAND, RICHARD THOMAS GIBSON REMARKED THAT OSWALD IS "ONE OF US", PRESUMABLY REFERRING TO FAIR PLAY FOR CUBA COMMITTEE.
Comments: OSW15 : V56B : 1993.06.26.10:06:14:840340 : 7OF8: TELEYPE MSG IS ATT D TO 3OF8: MEMO FROM HELMS/DDP TO RANKIN/WC DTD 31 MAR 1964.
7. ALLEGATIONS OF PFC EUGENE B. DINKIN, U.S. ARMY, RELATIVE TO ASSASSINATION PLOT AGAINST PRESIDENT KENNEDY.
8. OUT TELETYPE 85770 DATED 29 NOVEMBER 1963... TO THE WHITE HOUSE, STATE DEPT AND FBI, WITH COPY TO THE SECRET SERVICE.
Comments: OSW15 : V56B1 : 1993.06.30.08:31:09:500700 : 2 OF 2. ATTACHMENT TO HELMS MEMO OF 5/19/64 TO RANKIN RE "ALLEGATIONS OF PVT DINKIN...".
9. CABLE THAT OSWALD PLANNED TO BE IN UK FOR ONE WEEK BEFORE GOING TO SCHOOL IN SUISSE."
10. OSWALD ARRIVED IN SOUTHAMPTON AND PLANNED TO REMAIN IN UK FOR ONE WEEK BEFORE GOING ON TO "SOME SCHOOL IN SUISSE".
11. REPORTS ON ACTIVITIES AND TRAVEL OF LEE HARVEY OSWALD AND MARINA OSWALD AS TRANSMITTED TO WC.
Comments: JFK6 : F3 : 1993.07.01.19:17:08:210390 : COMMISSION EXHIBIT NO. 2445 -- NO DOCUMENT RETAINED.
13. CABLE RE INDIVIDUALS THAT MAY BE HIJACKERS ONCE LIVING IN ALGERIA NOW MAY BE IN FRANCE AND SWITZERLAND.


text:
Saint Louis University School of Medicine Header Logo Center
Saint Louis University School of Medicine Home
Saint Louis University School of Medicine Header Logo Left
Clinics and Community
Home » School of Medicine » Internal Medicine » Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy and Immunology » Infectious Diseases Fellowship
Infectious Diseases Fellowship
Toggle Allergy and Immunology Fellowship
Toggle Center for Vaccine Development
Extended Stay Research Unit
The Saint Louis University Infectious Disease Fellowship Program is fully accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The overall goal of the program is to prepare our trainees for careers as infectious diseases subspecialists certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine.
Infectious Diseases Training
The duration of the subspecialty training is two years. It consists of clinical and research training. Additional research training is available. All application must be submitted through the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS). Interviews are scheduled by invitation from August to November. Fellowship positions are filled through The Match, National Resident Matching Program (NRMP).
Fellowship Locations
SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital
SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital
VA Saint Louis Health Care System - John Cochran Division
SLUCare Infectious Diseases Clinic and other clinics for selected rotations.
The patient population we see includes a wide variety of infectious disease problems. At SSM Health Saint Louis University Hospital, active programs in transplantation (liver, kidney, pancreas and bone marrow/stem cell) provide a broad experience in unusual and opportunistic pathogens, in addition to routine medical problems of general internal medicine inpatients.
Additional experience in surgical infectious diseases is gained by consultation on trauma, neurosurgical, orthopedic and general surgery patients. The Infectious Diseases (ID) Clinic sees a variety of issues based on our geographic location such as histoplasma and blastomyces, as well as HIV, osteomyelitis and other routine ID diagnoses.
Naureen Ali, M.D.
Abeer Almajali, M.D.
Jin Wang, M.D.
Qian Wang, D.O.
Weekly Conferences
Monday 8 a.m. Clinical ID Conference - 1st, 2nd, and 4th Monday
Journal Club - 3rd Monday
Wednesday 8 a.m.
Research Conference - 1st and 4th Wednesday
Immunology Review - 2nd Wednesday
Microbiology Conference - 3rd Wednesday
Wednesday 12 p.m. ID Board Review
Friday 7:30 a.m. Internal Medicine Grand Rounds
General Program Schedule
The year is broken down into 13 four-week blocks. Each fellow maintains a half-day ID clinic each week. Fellows average 13 blocks of inpatient ID consultation over the two years.
In the first year, one block of microbiology and one block of infection prevention is completed. In the second year, one block of pediatric ID at SSM Health Cardinal Glennon Children's Hospital and one block of antimicrobial stewardship are done. Infection prevention and antimicrobial stewardship are done at the VA St. Louis Health Care System. Fellows also take turns in the Hepatitis C Clinic at the VA one half-day per week when they are not on the inpatient service.
Fellows interested in a research track will do a total of three to four years with the extra blocks being spent on research time.
ID – Critical Care
Fellows have the option to do a combined fellowship with critical care (ID-CC), with the critical care year done after the two years of ID. The one-year critical care fellowship is at Mercy Hospital St. Louis.
Applicants interested in the combined ID-CC Fellowship need to notify the ID program director so necessary interviews can be done and application materials can be reviewed by the Mercy Critical Care Program as well. The Critical Care Fellowship is not done through the Match, and special arrangements will be made for applicants to meet both ID and Critical Care faculty.
Applications for fellowship are accepted according to the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) schedule and should be submitted through the ERAS website More information for those applying for fellowships can be found at the AAMC website. Two fellows are selected each year.
Emily K. Bishop
Fellowship Program Coordinator
1100 S. Grand Blvd., 8th Floor DRC
emily.bishop@health.slu.edu
Getahun Abate, M.D., Ph.D.
getahun.abate@health.slu.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We've all heard the term "dangling modifier," but what is a dangling modifier?
A dangling modifier is a misplaced phrase that seems, inappropriately, to modify a sentence, usually because you have written the sentence in a passive tense or left out the object of the phrase. It's called a "dangling" modifier because it's left dangling in the sentence, its object nowhere to be seen.
then the phrase "turning the corner" appears to modify "the hermit's hut." The sentence reads as if the hermit's hut did the corner-turning!
Turning the corner, I saw the hermit's hut before me.
I rewrote the sentence in an active voice, and I also immediately followed the action of turning the corner with a reference to the character who turned the corner.
Listing to one side, the wake of the great sea serpent rocked the longship.
Is the wake of the sea serpent listing to the side? No, the longship is, but you wouldn't know this from the example.
To fix it, once again I must follow the introductory phrase with its object.
Listing to one side, the longship rocked in the wake of the sea serpent.
As usual, don't worry about dangling modifiers as you're drafting, but when you're rewriting and revising, keep a lookout for these suckers. Their comical effect can ruin an otherwise good piece of writing.
Eradicating expletives from your writing style is one of the simplest ways to improve and strengthen your writing. Doing so not only helps your readers, but also clarifies and focuses your thoughts.
How do writers commonly use these expletives? Let's see.
It was likely that through Godfrey's secret experiments, the lab rat Aylsworth had grown as intelligent as a human – and just as devious. There was no reason for Godfrey to think that Aylsworth meant him any harm, but whenever Dr. Sedgequick entered the lab, the rat's eyes grew dark and cunning, and he'd rub his paws together as if plotting.
Here is the crux of it, Godfrey thought – Aylsworth resents Sedgequick for grafting those bat wings onto him.
In the above sentences, it, there, and here stand in for subjects. While of course all English speakers understand what you mean when you use these words in the above way, their use just weakens a sentence. In fact, the word expletive actually derives from the Latin for "to fill." And they are just that – fillers! Why not state the subject? Your writing only becomes clearer and more muscular when you do so.
Furthermore, if a reader is not a native English speaker, their use can cause comprehension problems, and if you expect your work to be translated, these sentences will have to be rewritten anyway. So now is a good time to get out of the habit of using this grammatical fluff!
Let's see those three sentences I used above with the expletives deleted and the sentences rewritten.
Godfrey suspected that his secret experiments had resulted in the lab rat Aylsworth's growing as intelligent as a human – and just as devious. Though he had no reason to think that the rat mean him any harm, whenever Dr. Sedgequick entered the lab, Aylsworth's eyes grew dark and cunning, and he'd rub his paws together as if plotting.
Aylsworth resents Sedgequick for grafting those bat wings onto him, Godfrey thought.
Once you get into the habit of noticing expletives in your writing, you'll see them everywhere – and your mission, should you choose to accept it, is to search, destroy, and blast them away.


text:
'use strict';

//Reports service used for reports REST endpoint
angular.module('mean.reports').factory('Reports', ['$resource', function($resource) {
    return $resource('reports/:reportId', {
        reportId: '@_id'
    }, {
        update: {
            method: 'PUT'
        }
    });
}]);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Sign Our Pledge
Help Organize
World Refugee Day Action – City...
June 20, 2018 at 5:30pm - 8pm
World Refugee Day Action – City of Refuge Coalition
On Wednesday June 20th, World Refugee Day, please join African Communities Together (ACT) and the City of Refuge Coalition as we march and rally to Stop the Refugee Ban,Save Asylum, Defend Temporary Protected Status (TPS) and Keep Children and Families Together.
5:30 PM: Assemble at Bryant Park – 42nd Street & 5th Avenue
6:00 PM: March to the U.N. & Trump World Tower
6:30- 7:30 PM: Rally at Dag Hammarskjold Plaza, 47th Street between 1st and 2nd Avenue, with refugees, asylum seekers, TPS holders, religious and community leaders, and welcoming New Yorkers!
Please Spread the Word! For more information please email khadim@africans.us or call 646-618-1010. Sponsored by African Communities Together and the City of Refuge Coalition. World Refugee Day 2018 Facebook Event Link: http://bit.ly/June20WorldRefugeeDay
╲╱
Phone: (503) 849-0569 / Email
Address: c/o National Partnership for New Americans - 1805 S. Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60608
Copyright © 2021 We Are All America
Made with NationBuilder - Built by Tectonica
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text:
Home » News » NHS Tameside and Glossop Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) rated as outstanding again
NHS Tameside and Glossop Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) rated as outstanding again
NHS Tameside and Glossop Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG) has received an 'Outstanding' rating for the second year running.
The CCG is a clinically-led organisation responsible for planning and funding the majority of health services for people living in Tameside and Glossop.
NHS England and NHS Improvement (North West) have a legal requirement to undertake an annual assessment of CCG performance against the indicators in the NHS Oversight Framework.
The framework is as a focal point for joint work, support and dialogue between NHS England, NHS Improvement, CCGs, providers and sustainability and transformation partnerships and integrated care systems.
Key areas of strength and areas of good practice where the CCG's performance is in the best quartile in England are for:
Diabetes patients that have achieved all the NICE recommended treatment targets: three (HbA1c, cholesterol and blood pressure) for adults and one (HbA1c) for children
Provision of high quality care: primary medical services
People with urgent GP referral having first definitive treatment for cancer within 62 days of referral
Improving Access to Psychological Therapies: recovery
Estimated diagnosis rate for people with dementia
Percentage of patients waiting 6 weeks or more for a diagnostic test
Utilisation of the NHS e-referral service to enable choice at first routine elective referral
The CCG was also rated the highest 'Green' in their End of Year final finance and Green Star' in their End of Year final Quality of Leadership.
Dr Asad Ali, Co-Chair for NHS Tameside and Glossop CCG, said: "This is fantastic news, and I would like to thank the entire CCG team who have continued to demonstrate excellence. The attainment of this annual rating has and will continue to have a positive impact upon health and social care outcomes for Tameside and Glossop residents."
For more details visit
https://www.england.nhs.uk/commissioning/regulation/ccg-assess/iaf


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Jordan Melamed – Open Outcry Traders History Project
John Lothian
Executive Chairman and CEO
Jordan Melamed is a former trader at the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and a filmmaker. He is the son of CME Chairman Emeritus Leo Melamed. He followed his father's footsteps to the trading floor of the CME. After a career trading in the open outcry markets he pursued a career as a filmmaker. He is the director of "Futures Past," a story of the end of open outcry trading and the human element of trading and family.
Interview by John Lothian
Filmed by Mike Forrester
Edited by Patrick Lothian
Today's Newsletter
by Matt Raebel
by Patrick Lothian


Handmade antique copper stud earrings with embossed texture. Made from copper sheet that I've patterned then cut into discs. The texture reminds me of aluminium flooring. Sterling silver posts are soldered to the backs of the copper studs and the copper is oxidized to give it a rich antique patina and to highlight the texture.
A nice gift idea for a copper wedding anniversary. Supplied with sterling silver croll fasteners.
Click the main image to see enlarged versions of the photos!
© Copyright Cinnamon Jewellery 2019. All Rights Reserved.


text:
Link Ink: 'Gravity Falls' At SDCC, 'TMNT Out Of The Shadows' Dated And 'The Wolverine' On A Train
Caleb Goellner
Conventions: Even if you're not going to SDCC this summer, Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch's art promoting the show's panel might just make your July. [Twitter]
Movies: If there's one guy qualified to fight gangsters on top of a bullet train, it's probably (The) Wolverine. [ScreenCrush]
Interviews: CA's Andy Khouri speaks at length with the iconic voice of the animated Lois Lane, Dana Delany, as the character turns 75. [Underwire]
Gaming: Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles: Out of The Shadows will arrive on Xbox Live and Steam on August 28, and PlayStation Network on September 24. [ScreenCrush]
Movies: Watchmen screenplay writer David Hayter will adapt The Luna Bros. comic The Sword for live action. [The Wrap]
TV: USA Today has yet another look at the Disney Channel's Phineas and Ferb: Mission Marvel crossover, coming this August. [USA Today]
Filed Under: Batman 66, Batusi Batman, dana delany, David Hayter, Gravity Falls, luna brothers, Matty Collector, MattyCollector, Phineas and Ferb Misson Marvel, SDCC 2013, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Out of the Shadows, The Sword, The Wolverine
Categories: Culture, Link Ink


text:
Link 3.1
The airport of the future
The airport of the future will be Dubai airport with the launch of the new brand DXB
which means Dubai Airports' transition from airport operator to a consumer-led company.
Committed to making the world's busiest international airport, the world's best.
As the mission to turn a simple visit in the airport to an all new costumer experience.
The new Brand come with the same values of the city, Dubai.
An airport with imagination, opened to new ideas, differentiation, hospitality, unique.
DXB will be himself a tourism reference, becoming an icon with immersive virtual experiences, containing even more
Live music and art and dance
A state-of-the-art mobile app
Selfie spots
Fashion exhibitions
Opened in 1960, over the years the number of passengers have grown,
DXB is a dynamic and fast-growing airport that truly connects the world and the numbers can prove it:
More than 88.2 million customers annually;
An annual average growth rate of more than 13%;
Connecting more than 240 destinations;
More than 100 airlines;
Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum
"Success is never a coincidence; it results from the hard work of people who strive to serve the people around them.
Today, we have one of the best airports in the world that maintains the highest levels of efficiency and service.
We are proud that we provide passengers with exceptional experiences.
Regardless of our accomplishments, our development journey never ends.
We rely on our youth to generate fresh new ideas and initiatives in every sphere," said the visionary man.
Sara Barradas2019-02-15T17:50:49+00:00
Want to share this? Go ahead.
SIBA – Sistema de Informação de Boletins de Alojamento
Facts about Portugal Tourism
TWA \ Travel World Alliance a © 2018. All rights reserved and registered trademark of SecularFragment,LDA | Created by SOFT4BOOKING


These tracks are written in the feel of Maynard Ferguson.
This is the order that you will see: me playing the song, backup track and sheet music in pdf format.
This section of fun music is dedicated to maynard ferguson. maynard changed so many lives with the way he played.
Special Thanks to Airclone! Great Arrangement!!!!
All the tunes below are original compositions and copyright is pending.


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Alhashem or Al Hashem or Al-e Hashem (), also known as Alishma, may refer to:
 Alhashem-e Olya
 Alhashem-e Sofla

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Suck (2009) Review
Great Vampire Fun
Brendan Frye | Feb 5, 2011
Vampires and rock and roll seem like a (super)natural combination, don't they? Not the way Twilight does it of course, all emo and stuff. And not really the way True Blood does it, all blues and gospel in the heart of the bayou. Real vampires, unless they're Dracula and his pipe organ, are rock and roll, and it's indeed most refreshing to have a movie like Suck realize that as both a philosophy and as a motion picture. Naturally, it's a Canadian production, by Canadian filmmakers and starring a mostly Canadian cast (the rock star cameos are decidedly international). Suck, most assuredly, does not suck.
The film is about the band The Winners, a post-pop/rock outfit that's trying to make their name in the music industry with extremely limited success. You know you're in trouble when even your manager (in this case, the fall down hilarious former Kid in the Hall Dave Foley) is telling you that you should fire him. But Joey Winners (writer/director Rob Stefaniuk), the band's leader, will not here of it! They will make it, they will get signed and they will be a hit! They just have to get from Montreal, around the Golden Horseshoe, through Western New York and to Manhattan for an industry showcase.
But something happened on the way to the forum, the flighty bassist Jennifer (Jessica Pare) gets a vampire's teeth sunk into her. Sure she now is driven to drink the blood of the living as one of the walking dead, but she now has a marvellous stage presence that's getting the band noticed on the road, and more importantly, more hits on their internet site. The hilarious part is how initially Joey is blissfully unaware of Jennifer's bloodlettings, as well the perplexingly odd behaviour of their French roadie. "Are you sure there's nothing different about you," he keeps asking in a myriad of ways, but of course a secret like vampirism can't stay secret for long. Eventually all the blood covered French roadies and missing bodies will catch up to you.
Accentuating that rock and roll on the road feeling is a number of top notch cameos. Alice Cooper easily does his best acting work since Wayne's World as a Montreal bartender that keeps coming to Tim as a wise, rock sage. Iggy Pop plays a music guru that grants The Winners a recording facility, and later tries to tell Joey that there is a downside to letting a vampire in your band. In one of the more memorable cameos, there's Henry Rollins as Rock'n Roger, of the Rock'n Roger Morning Show (At Night) playing Wolfman Jack to the action going on screen during act breaks, although he does also later cross paths with the completely vampirized Winners.
Although not a rock star cameo, and not really a cameo per se, there's Malcolm McDowell, fresh off getting hung out to dry in Halloween II, as the ubiquitous Eddie Van Helsing, a vampire hunter following the Winners and their blood-soaked path to New York. It's always a treat to watch Malcolm McDowell camp it up, and his eye-patched, drunk as a poet Van Helsing is a combination of John Wayne True Grit and C. Montgomery Burns glower power. The main cast, including Nicole de Boer, Mike Lobel, Dimitri Coats, and Paul Anthony as well as Stefaniuk and Pare, have a great, natural chemistry with each other. I can believe that they've been in the same smelly van together for weeks on end.
What's really interesting about Suck though, aside from its provocative title, is that it rather seamlessly blends its comedic and horror elements into something fresh and original. I don't think any true vampire fans are going to be walking away with a list of complaints about bloodlessness or sparkling or any of the dozen or so other things that make the ordinary cheering section for the nosferatu want to tear their hair out in frustration concerning the current trend for their favourite creatures of the night. There's something in Suck that will appeal to the rock fan, the comedy fan or the vampire fan, if not all three at once. This could possibly The Canadian movie to get buzzing about coming out of TIFF this year.
There's something in Suck that will appeal to the rock fan, the comedy fan or the vampire fan, if not all three at once.
↠ Accelerated Development: An Interview With Pierre-Etienne Travers
↠ Egglia: Legend of the Redcap to Release in August
↠ New World Update Reduces Influence Increase and Bug Fixes
↠ The Cosplay of Toronto Comic-Con 2018
↠ Sonic the Hedgehog 2 Movie Set Photos confirms Knuckles
Name: Suck (2009) Review Score: 8
Rob Stefaniuk
Rob Stefaniuk, Jessica Paré, Paul Anthony


Attention: This course has expired!
Caring for someone else's child is a great responsibility, because the child's parents trust you to do what's right for their little one – and to keep them save. When accidents happen, at home or in the playground, knowing how to help quickly is of paramount importance. Yet many caregivers feel overwhelmed and helpless in the face of an emergency situation. Don't be one of them!
Learning first aid will give you the confidence to save a child's life when it really matters.
This first aid course has been developed especially for nannies and babysitters, caring for infants, toddlers or young children in a private home setting. It is modeled on the compulsory first aid course that official Kita and daycare teachers have to take every two years. It is based on current official first aid guidelines as specified by the German Red Cross and the European Council for Resuscitation.
At the end of the course, you will have gained the necessary knowledge and skills to deal with an emergency situation in a calm and effective way. You will also receive our First Aid for Parents & Carers Guide and Lifesaver Certificate.
Please note that payment must be received within 3 business days of your course registration to complete your booking and guarantee your place on the course. If you register within less than 3 business days of the course date, payment must be made immediately.
Once completed, your booking is binding and there are no refunds in case of non-attendance. Exchange of your booking to another course date is subject to availability and at the sole discretion of Bilderkraft Gbr. An exchange request must be received, in writing, via email to firstaid@rueckhalt-berlin.de no less than 3 days before the booked course.


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text:
Herman F. Fritzenkotter Papers
The Herman F. Fritzenkotter Papers primarily document Fritzenkotter's military service during the Second World War. The collection includes scrapbooks composed of photographs, news clippings, and letters; service medals, including the Bronze Star; photographs of several of Fritzenkotter's sculptures, and several military artifacts. As a soldier in the 8th Infantry Regiment, Fritzenkotter took part in numerous battles in both France and Germany, including the Battle of the Bulge. His scrapbooks capture camp life as well as the devastation of war. Of particular interest are candid photographs of soldiers before and after battle; as well as graphic photographs of concentration camps during liberation. These scrapbooks also contain photographs from Fritzenkotter's later visits to various battle sites decades after the end of the war. The collection also includes several German military artifacts, including a ceremonial dagger as well as a German map and leather map case. Although the collection is arranged alphabetically, the artifacts are not in any particular order.
Fritzenkotter, Herman F. (Person)
The copyright interests in these materials have not been transferred to San Diego State University. Copyright resides with the creators of materials contained in the collection or their heirs. The nature of historical archival and manuscript collections is such that copyright status may be difficult or even impossible to determine. Requests for permission to publish must be submitted to the Head of Special Collections, San Diego State University, Library and Information Access. When granted, permission is given on behalf of Special Collections as the owner of the physical item and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder(s), which must also be obtained in order to publish. Materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.
Herman Fredrick Fritzenkotter was born in Chicago, Illinois in 1923. Two years later his family moved to San Diego. Fritzenkotter graduated from Sweetwater High School in 1941 and enrolled at San Diego State College that same year. Shortly thereafter, he left college to join the Merchant Marines. In September of 1943, he enlisted with the United States Army. He was sent to Europe where he served as Message Center Chief for the 8th Infantry Regiment, 4th (Ivy) Division. Fritzenkotter and his regiment saw action in Normandy, Ardennes, the Battle of the Bulge, the Rhineland, and in Central Europe. He was awarded the Bronze Star Medal in 1945 for bravery on the field.
After the war, Fritzenkotter returned to San Diego State College where he was an active member of the Pi Kappa Alpha fraternity. In 1949, he graduated with a bachelor's degree in art. A year later he married Patricia Allard. Fritzenkotter worked as an industrial canvas salesman, and created wood sculptures in his spare time. During his semi-retirement, he and his wife travelled throughout Europe, returning to many of the battlefields he had fought at. He remained active at San Diego State as a member of the Retirement Association, Alumni Association, and the President's Leadership Fund.
Fritzenkotter died on May 29, 2009. He had two children, Kurt and Anna.
1.21 Linear Feet
Source of Acquisition
Patricia Allard Fritzenkotter
Accruals and Additions
2011-008, 2011-062
World War II San Diego State College Servicmen's Correspondence Collection
Robert M. Briggs Papers
Breo Freeman World War I Photograph Collection
World War, 1939-1945--Sources
Amanda Lanthorne
Language of description note
Part of the Special Collections & University Archives Repository
http://library.sdsu.edu/scua
5500 Campanile Dr. MC 8050
San Diego CA 92182-8050 US
askscua@sdsu.edu
Identification of item, folder title, box number, Herman F. Fritzenkotter Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, San Diego State University Library.
Identification of item, folder title, box number, Herman F. Fritzenkotter Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, San Diego State University Library. https://archives.sdsu.edu/repositories/2/resources/199 Accessed January 20, 2022.


Iran as a country has over time played a significant role in sponsoring terrorism in the world. The leaders of Iran have over the years had links with a wide range of terrorist groups, and they do so with the belief that it is an important instrument of power. Disturbing enough, the support of Iran for terrorism and other violent activities have over the recent past increased, and there are various factors to explain this scenario. These activities are sponsored by a combination of opportunism and fear. Iran has also found leverage in what is termed as making of a nuclear weapon which is deadly when used during a war.
There is a perception that Iran will get the protection it needs when it states that it is after using nuclear weapons and that makes it more aggressive. Iran would use its military base or through other terrorist groups to release its anger and carry out revenge attacks, and this is some of the things that make it more aggressive. Under the existing structures, Iran remains unlikely to release any forms of terrorism to other countries by using attacks that are involving a biological, nuclear or chemical weapon.
All the powers which include Russia, China, United Kingdom, China, United States and France need to work together so that they can increase their intelligence mechanism and frustrate Iran and its terrorism motives. There also needs to be a comprehensive campaign which is against these terrorist groups that are supported by Iran. You need to note that there are different ways which these terrorist groups are sponsored to advance with their activities and this includes training of their troops, financial support and arms support as well. With such backing, a terrorist group manages to carry out their task with ease. There are many instances when Iran has dissociated itself from some of these attacks, but they are the main sponsors of these terrorist groups. Read more about Mark Dubowitz CEO of FDD here.
Some of the powers are already imposing sanctions on Iran, and this is done, so that pressure them to stop their nuclear program. It is important for additional pressure to be mounted on this country together with the help of other partners so that there are better results. Through the sponsorship of various terrorist groups, Iran has asserted itself in the Middle East region, and it has also managed to link with neighboring countries in accomplishing their goals. The powers also need to adjust their policy so that they can tackle the changing terrorist groups. Watch Mark Dubowitz CEO of FDD news here.


The PHS Instrumental Music Program includes the Emerald Brigade Marching Band and Color Guard, Orchestra, Concert Bands, and Jazz Bands at Poway High School. Instruction is held in Room N-1 and Room N-2 at Poway High School.
Poway High School hosts the annual Poway Invitational Field Tournament (PIFT) under the auspices of the Southern California School Band and Orchestra Association (SCSBOA). Each spring, PHS and the PHS Music Boosters also present the Poway Band and Orchestra Festival and the Poway Jazz Festival in the Poway Center for the Performing Arts.
The Poway High School Music Boosters (PHSMB) organization is a volunteer nonprofit group that works on behalf of the instrumental music program at Poway High School. The program includes the Emerald Brigade, Concert Bands, Orchestra, Jazz Bands, and Color Guard. The PHSMB officers, directors, special committee members, and parent volunteers support the enrichment of all of the students who participate. It is a labor of love and very gratifying.
General membership PHSMB meetings are held on every third Tuesday of each month at 7:30 PM in the PHS Band Room (N1). All parents of band, orchestra, jazz bands, and color guard students are encouraged to attend. During the meeting, Booster Officers, Band Directors, and Special Committee Members will present program updates. These meetings are a great opportunity to ask questions, get information about current activities and events, and meet other parents.
The primary goal of the PHS Music Boosters organization is to raise the necessary funds to ensure that the PHS Instrumental Music Program continues to provide a music education of the highest caliber to all interested students. To meet this goal, funds are raised through parent and community donations and fundraising activities. Additionally, PHSMB members support the music program by contributing time, materials, and labor to events, publicizing fundraisers, and promoting it through print, online, and social media.


text:
Si Biggs
Battle of San Domingo
Unit/ Formation: HM Ships
Location: San Domingo
Period/ Conflict: Napoleonic Wars
Date/s: 6th February 1806
The Battle of San Domingo was a naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars fought on 6 February 1806 between squadrons of French and British ships of the line off the southern coast of the French-occupied Spanish colonial Captaincy General of Santo Domingo in the Caribbean.
Duckworth's action off San Domingo, 6 February 1806, Nicholas Pocock
All five of the French ships of the line commanded by Vice-Admiral Corentin-Urbain Leissègues were captured or destroyed. The Royal Navy led by Vice-Admiral Sir John Thomas Duckworth lost no ships and suffered fewer than a hundred killed while the French lost approximately 1,500 men.
Only a small number of the French squadron were able to escape.
In the course of the fighting, in which Royal Marines played an important role, Captain James Malcolm (Lieutenant-Colonel Sir James Malcolm, KCB) for his valour in that action was brevetted a Major on the Army List with seniority in that grade dating 6 February 1806.
The battle of San Domingo was the last fleet engagement of the war between French and British capital ships in open water.
Read more here: Lieutenant-Colonel Sir James Malcolm, KCB
Colonel David Mitchell 2 SBS - Borneo
Amphibious Assault and Capture of Chuenpi and Taikoktow


After Breakfast, Pickup for Full Day Phi Phi Island Tour with Lunch. Night Stay at Hotel.
After Breakfast, Checkout from Phuket & Pickup for Krabi transfer. Check-in at hotel and rest time at leisure. Night Stay at Hotel.
After Breakfast, Krabi 4Islnad Tour with Picnic Lunch Night Stay at Hotel.


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Laughter and tears shared at TU golf legend Dale McNamara's celebration of life
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John Tranchina
Nov 28, 2022 Updated Jan 6, 2023
Melissa McNamara Luellen receives a hug from University of Tulsa Athletic Director Rick Dickson after a celebration of life for her mother, former TU golf coach Dale McNamara, at TU on Monday.
Mike Simons, Tulsa World
Left: With pictures displayed on a large screen behind her, former University of Tulsa golfer Maggie Roller speaks during Dale McNamara's celebration of life service Monday. Right: Family friend Marcia Baker views memorabilia as she enters the celebration of life service for former University of Tulsa golf coach Dale McNamara at TU's Lorton Performance Center on Monday.
Mike Simons photos, Tulsa World
Family friend Marcia Baker views memorabilia as she enters the celebration of life service for former University of Tulsa golf coach Dale McNamara at TU's Lorton Performance Center on Monday.
Former Tulsa World sportswriter and editor John Klein recalls his interactions with former University of Tulsa golf coach Dale McNamara at her celebration of life on Monday.
Left: Melissa McNamara Luellen speaks during a celebration of life for her mother, former University of Tulsa golf coach Dale McNamara, on the TU campus on Monday. Right: Former Tulsa World sportswriter and editor John Klein recalls his interactions with former University of Tulsa golf coach Dale McNamara at her celebration of life on Monday.
There were tears and laughter, some profound lessons, and one overriding theme Monday: Dale McNamara touched a lot of people's lives, in golf and in the Tulsa community in general.
The event Monday afternoon at the University of Tulsa Lorton Performance Center to celebrate the life of one of TU's biggest sports legends made it clear just how influential the former TU golf coach was.
McNamara died Oct. 30 at age 86 after a second bout with cancer.
Many pictures of McNamara were set up in the lobby, with various trophies she had won also on display, celebrating the pioneer who started the Golden Hurricane's women's golf program from scratch in 1974 and coached the team from its inception until 2000.
McNamara also served as assistant athletic director during much of that time. Along the way, she led the squad to four national championships, including two — one in the last year of the AIAW and one in the NCAA — in 1982.
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McNamara's daughters, Cathy McNamara and Melissa McNamara Luellen, each shared stories about their mother, tracing the trajectory of her life, from learning golf as a child with her father, to playing on tour as an amateur (she won seven amateur titles) and how she learned lessons such as maintaining inner confidence, which she passed on as a coach to all her players.
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Luellen also discussed her relationship with her mother while playing for her on TU's 1988 national championship team, when she also won the individual title.
Several other people remarked at the service about different parts of McNamara's life and the lessons she imparted on them. Former TU golfer Maggie (Kelt) Roller, also a member of the 1988 national championship team, recalled many aspects of McNamara's personality.
Susan Neal, executive director of the Gilcrease Museum, spoke about how much McNamara helped secure funding from the city for both the museum and other Tulsa city parks in recent years as she remained active in the community. She got a laugh when she compared McNamara's wisdom in negotiating at city meetings to the Star Wars character Yoda.
Former Tulsa World sportswriter and editor John Klein spoke about his frequent long lunches with McNamara.
Luellen said afterward that hearing the stories about her mother was "very emotional, very rewarding."
"We asked the folks to speak of different parts of her life, and I think a lot of people learned a lot about her life that they didn't know about, other than the golf part, so I thought that was really neat," she said.
Tulsa won the 1980 and '82 titles in the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, the governing body for women's collegiate athletics until 1982, when it disbanded and the National Collegiate Athletic Association assumed governance of large university women's sports — but not before both organizations staged national tournaments in '82, and Tulsa won both of them in women's golf.
The Hurricane went on to claim another NCAA title in 1988 and finished second five different times under McNamara's leadership, including by one stroke in 1989.
McNamara was named the 1985 National Coach of the Year after Tulsa won eight of 13 tournaments and finished second at the NCAA Championship. She was a 1996 inductee into the TU Athletic Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Women's Oklahoma Golf Association Hall of Fame in 2006.
Luellen, who had been out on the LPGA tour, came back to Tulsa to coach women's golf after McNamara stepped away from coaching in 2000. Just a couple of years later, Luellen left to coach Arizona State, where she led the Sun Devils to the NCAA Championship in 2009 before moving on to Auburn in 2015, where she is still the head coach.
"It was hard. It's probably the reason why I left," Luellen said of following in her mother's footsteps at TU. "I was just terrified of bringing the program down," she said. "She left me with a great team, performance-wise, but I was just terrified of bringing it down. A little bit in her shadow."
She acknowledged that she has incorporated many of her mother's tactics into her own coaching but has put her own personal spin on them.
"I had to kind of find my own style," Luellen said. "My philosophy's the same, but probably the way I go about it is a little bit different. It's not a dictatorship for me, but it was for her — but it was the way of the times. 'Don't ask why. Just say, "Yes, ma'am."' They don't go for that (now)."
Virtually all of McNamara's former players kept in touch with her after they left Tulsa, and many of them showed up for the celebration.
Stacy Prammanasudh, a three-time First-Team All-American at TU (1999, 2000, 2002) at the end of McNamara's tenure and the beginning of Luellen's, called the event "a walk down memory lane."
"Just a good remembrance of some of the greatest moments of my life. To celebrate somebody so incredible who also formed a lot of what I'm benefiting a lot from in my life is really special," Prammanasudh said while dabbing tears from under her eyes.
She gave McNamara a lot of credit for the success she had on the LPGA tour over the course of a 13-year pro career and what that allowed her to achieve in life.
"I was some little poor little girl from a no-class family in Enid that she believed in and saw something more in, and I'm where I'm at today in my life because of her belief," Prammanasudh said.
"She brought me to Tulsa. I never thought about professional golf until playing for her. She would dangle the carrot, and then Melissa was out on tour at the time, so I had that sounding board as I came into the last couple of years of my career here at TU, and my career took off, and now I'm able to be retired and stay home with my kids right now and be the mom that I want to be."
Jody Rosenthal, a First Team All-American at TU in 1983, '84, and '85, flew into Tulsa from her home in Arizona for the celebration.
"There was no doubt that I would come to be a part of this, just to support Cathy and Melissa," said Rosenthal, who was also a contributor to the 1982 double-national championship squad. "Just what a legacy I think we heard all about today. What a life."
Rosenthal, who spent 18 years on the LPGA tour and had two career wins, also felt like her time with McNamara set her up for success the rest of her life.
"She prepared us so well no matter what we would have done — golf, or whatever, family," Rosenthal said. "Never had any doubts and could always plug back in and get advice."
"She was loved, respected, admired," Luellen said. "She was a forceful person with not many role models at that time. She didn't have many role models, so she became a role model for many. She forged her own path."
TU Sports Extra: 40 years ago, the TU women's golf program made history
Legendary coach Dale McNamara guided the TU women to two national titles in the same year
TU women golfers created history with dual national titles in 1982
Photos: A look back at TU golf pioneer Dale McNamara's career
Dale Fleming McNamara 1953
Dale Fleming on June 9, 1953. Photo via The Oklahoman archives
Caption from June 21, 1954: "The youthful element almost took over in the qualifying round of the Women's Oklahoma Golf Association at Indian Hills in Tulsa. Tulsan Dale Fleming made the title flight by shooting an 88." Photo via The Oklahoman archives
Tulsa golfer Dale Fleming, left, with Mrs. E. S. "Patti" Blanton on June 21, 1957. Photo via The Oklahoman archives
Dale McNamara 1973
Caption from June 11, 1973: "'To help yourself, help others. A cliche, but very true,' said Dale McNamara. And the Tulsa lady had another Oklahoma State Women's Golf Championship to prove it." Photo via The Oklahoman archives
Dale McNamara in June 20, 1982. Tulsa World file photo
McNamara Baker 1984
University of Tulsa golfer Kathy Baker and coach Dale McNamara display the 1982 NCAA championship trophy on May 31, 1982. TU also won the AIAW championship in 1982. Tulsa World file photo
T.U. Hall of Fame Inductees
TU Hall of Fame Inductees (front row L-R), Dale McNamara, Benita Byrd and Dorothy Maples who are the two daughters of deceased hall of fame inductee Benton Springer, ( back row L-R) Bob Hellinghausen, and Micheal Gunter at TU on Feb. 1, 1997. Tulsa World file photo
Dale McNamara for Her World 3
Dale McNamara with first place NCAA golf trophy in her office on Feb 3, 1997. TOM GILBERT/Tulsa World file photo
Dale McNamara for Her World
Tom Gilbert
Dale McNamara at Practice
University of Tulsa Head women's golf coach Dale McNamara talks with sophomore golfer Filippa Helmersson of Sweden at Ceder Ridge Country Club on Feb 4, 1997. TOM GILBERT/Tulsa World file photo
Women's NCAA Golf
TU women's golf coach Dale McNamara announces on Aug. 14, 1997 that Tulsa Country Club and TU will host the 1999 NCAA Div. 1 Women's Golf Championship. Tulsa World file photo
Melissa McNamara
LPGA golfer, Melissa McNamara, and her mother, Dale, pose at Tulsa Country Club. Tulsa World file photo
NCAA Golf #1
Tulsa University women's golf coach Dale McNamara offers words of advice and encouragement to Niina Laitinen during the first round of the NCAA Women's Golf Championship at the Tulsa Country Club on Wednesday, May 19, 1999. Tulsa World file photo
WAC golf
TU sophomore Stacy Prammanasudh talks with coach Dale McNamara before teeing off on the 15th hole during the first round of play April 24, 2000 in the WAC Women's Golf Championship being played at Forest Ridge in Broken Arrow. Tulsa World file photo
WAC Golf 1.jpg
Tulsa women's golf coach, Dale McNamara (right), high-fives Stacy Prammanasudh as the team is presented with the WAC Championship Trophy at Forrest Ridge Golf Club. Tulsa World file photo
LPGA9.jpg
Dale McNamara poses at Tulsa Country Club during the Williams Championship golf tournament. Tulsa World file photo
mcnamarsjpg
Melissa McNamara Luellen (middle) with her mother Dale McNamara (four national titles at Tulsa) and Linda Vollstedt (six national titles at Arizona State) at the Women's Golf Coaches Association Hall of Fame induction. Courtesy photo
Dale McNamara and her daughter Melissa McNamara Luellen receive the first ever dual female Henry P. Iba Citizen Athlete Awards at the Hard Rock Hotel and Casino in Catoosa on June 18, 2018. Photo by JOSEPH RUSHMORE for Tulsa World
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McNamara
TOM GILBERT, Tulsa World file
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Japanese Whaling Crisis Escalates
January 16, 2008 12:14 AM Subscribe
A complex situation has arisen in the Southern Ocean where the Japanese Whaling fleet run by The Institute of Cetacean Research is attempting to slaughter nearly a thousand whales for the much scoffed at purpose of scientific research. Greenpeace located the fleet and claims to have chased the whalers out of hunting grounds. An Australian Federal Court judgement meanwhile has ruled the expedition illegal and imposed an injunction against the illegal whaling in Australian waters. The Japanese do not recognise Australia's claim. The Japanese responded by ignoring the judgement. Now Sea Shephard an activist group have put two of their members aboard a Japanese Ship and claims they were tied to the mast. Despite the Japanese Government saying the activists would be released the ships captain refuses to do so. Recent related post.
posted by dodialog (69 comments total) 2 users marked this as a favorite
This reminded me of a great profile of Paul Watson, who, with his small fleet, has been trying to stop Japanese whaling vessels, but not as politely as Greenpeace:
He calls his fleet Neptune's Navy, and he regards it as a law-enforcement agency. Moments before ramming a vessel, Watson will radio its captain and say something that sounds very official, such as "Please remove yourselves from these waters. You are in violation of international conservation regulations." At times, he loses his cool. "We're no protest ship," he once told an intransigent captain. "Now, get out of here." His sense of urgency, his impressive ego, his argumentativeness, his love of theatrics, his tendency to bend the truth, his willingness to risk lives or injury for his beliefs (or for publicity), and his courage (or recklessness) have earned him both loathing and veneration from those who are familiar with his activism.
posted by gac at 12:29 AM on January 16, 2008
have there been any published studies based on this research? What is it that they're researching that could justify hunting a thousand whales?
sidenote: are whales tasty?
posted by heeeraldo at 12:45 AM on January 16, 2008
What is it that they're researching that could justify hunting a thousand whales?
It's a serious and valid study that's looking into the not-yet-fully-understood relationship between horseshit and whalemeat.
posted by flapjax at midnite at 12:51 AM on January 16, 2008 [5 favorites]
Apparently, this is all due to an internal communication error within Greenpeace. Those ships were actually assigned to research the Japanese whaling fleet, but took the wrong meaninng.
posted by Mitrovarr at 12:55 AM on January 16, 2008 [2 favorites]
I believe they are researching Harpoon Susceptibility in Relationship to Flavour development in Oceangoing Cetacean Populations.
It is truly a noble scientific path.
posted by Lord_Pall at 1:07 AM on January 16, 2008 [1 favorite]
The BBC had a bit on Japans so called "scientific research" a while back. Amongst other odd bits of science the ICR believes:
"[...] that killing whales is the only way to determine a whale's age reliably. This is done by examining earplugs, hard waxy structures which accumulate annual growth rings, like those of a tree, as they grow in the whale's ear."
Of course, all that left over whale meat helps pay for these expeditions.
posted by tnai at 1:07 AM on January 16, 2008
They could also be very interested in what is inside all of those whales.
posted by Lord_Pall at 1:07 AM on January 16, 2008
Hope Jonah speaks Japanese!
posted by flapjax at midnite at 1:17 AM on January 16, 2008
The Japanese denied tying the two protesters to the mast. Now, if they were tied to the mast (and I'm inclined to think so), this was outdoors, and in the open, and surely the protesters on board the ship would have gotten as close as possible ... wouldn't there be pictures?
posted by aeschenkarnos at 1:30 AM on January 16, 2008
... wouldn't there be pictures?
There were pictures, though they appear to be tied to the handrails, not to the mast.
posted by narge at 1:38 AM on January 16, 2008
flapjax, interesting you should say that, as the BBC correspondent covering the story onboard the Greenpeace ship is called Jonah Fisher.
posted by gene_machine at 1:39 AM on January 16, 2008
Not so much the mast as a mast - a short radar mast. It's not like those Japanese scurvy dogs were readyin' the ol' cat'o'nine tails, arrrgh...
Pictures - very small unclear ones - are on the website, as mentioned in the audio. From those, it looks like they were secured at the end of a reasonably long rope or chain.
Myself, I dunno what else you'd expect after boarding a boat illegally. An invitation to a nice cup of tea seems a little lenient; being forced to walk the plank seems a bit harsh.
posted by Pinback at 1:41 AM on January 16, 2008
posted by Mitrovarr Apparently, this is all due to an internal communication error within Greenpeace. Those ships were actually assigned to research the Japanese whaling fleet, but took the wrong meaninng.
This is true. The message sent to the Greenpeace ship simply said, "Dudes, stop whaling!"
posted by fandango_matt at 1:50 AM on January 16, 2008
Harpooned: The Japanese Cetacean Research Simulator.
posted by Pope Guilty at 2:01 AM on January 16, 2008
They went after the harpoonists in a vessel named Steve Irwin? Classy.
Also: are the whalers committing evil in the name of science?
posted by hoverboards don't work on water at 2:21 AM on January 16, 2008
This is not a snark -perhaps someone can enlighten me- but why does whaling encourage such bitter debates?
It seems to me there are plenty of worse things that go on in the world than whaling that no one really seems to bother their arses about (or at least do not generate the same amount of news coverage). Is it because there is the element of adventure or that young blade ecowarriors pursuing a boat across the high seas is seemingly glamorous? I would imagine chasing Japanese whaling boats is a damned site more exciting than other forms of environmental conservation/animal protection and hence generates more publicity. For example, I would have thought overfishing of the likes of cod would have much more implications for humanity/the ecosystem as a whole than whaling.
As I say, this is a point on which I am not up to speed at all, and it would be good to hear someone say as to why I should be more upset about this than other things that go on. I would expect that some Mefites will be much more up on this than elsewhere and may explain it better than the 30 second article on the news.
posted by ClanvidHorse at 2:54 AM on January 16, 2008
Science? Buncha assholes. I gotcha science for ya, right here. Ooof! That's right, that was my fist planted in yer kisser! How you like them apples?
posted by From Bklyn at 2:55 AM on January 16, 2008
with a little ginger, cinnamon and almonds, yes.
posted by sushiwiththejury at 2:58 AM on January 16, 2008
You admit you're not up to speed, you make no individual effort to get informed despite having internet access and you still express your uninformed opinion. Then you expect help. Surely there is name for this kind of lazy push poll'ish information vampirism where you get to express an opinion in a way that protects you from criticism (I know nothing!) and wastes the time of people who do believe in a cause (please help me google!).
posted by srboisvert at 3:24 AM on January 16, 2008 [6 favorites]
Ok Srboisvert. I take your point. If it makes you feel better I will get working on a neologism at the moment to help your sanctimonious ass feel better.
If you read what I said, I didn't really comment on the barbarism of whaling itself, I wanted to know why the debates were so bitter around it compared to other environmental stories. Why does it ride higher up the news agenda than other human-perpetrated environmental damages? Is it human sentimentality? You can bet that TV execs are sitting considering whether the footage is any good before they decide whether it makes the ten o'clock news. That's a helluva lot harder to find out from Google than what whaling is, and, rightly or wrongly, I thought MeFites could point me in the right direction.
Yes, I could have worded it better, but I wasn't asking if whaling itself was bad, I was principally concerned as to why it gets pushed up the news agenda further than other stuff.
posted by ClanvidHorse at 3:53 AM on January 16, 2008 [3 favorites]
srboisvert: Now that's snark!
ClanvidHorse:
Guilt - whales were one of the first cases where we realised we were on the verge of wiping out whole species, we felt bad about it, and cared enough to change our ways. Not quite to the extent that we'd like to think though - by the time the West stopped whaling around the end of the 60's, pretty much every whale product had already been replaced by cheaper & better alternatives, so we weren't inconveniencing ourselves too much
Anthropomorphism - we look into the eyes of this big dumb cute creature, and think we see an intelligence similar to our own. If they looked like 50' long cockroaches, no-one would care.
posted by Pinback at 3:57 AM on January 16, 2008 [2 favorites]
It's interesting how sea Sheppard has managed to win this media stoush. The whalers sure overreached by cable tying the protesters to the railings/mast, knowing that they were being filmed.
My inner PR agent is telling me that they should have politely accepted the letter then bade the protesters goodbye.
Latest news is the whalers may have asked the Australian customs ship to intervene and remove the protesters.
ClanvidHorse, whales are large endangered animals that are killed in a brutal, painful fashion. True, there is the argument that we don't wring our hands over cows, pigs and chickens. It's true these are often kept in horrible conditions, but usually dispatched fairly humanely.
Whales are harpooned, and often take hours to die. Often a slower mother is harpooned and the calf will stay with her until she is winched on board. The calf will often be taken to.
It's pretty emotional stuff.
posted by mattoxic at 4:03 AM on January 16, 2008
I don't find humpbacks to be particularly cute. Do you have some evidence refuting the notion of whales' intelligence? I think that notion is the real reason hunting them has become repugnant.
posted by Kirth Gerson at 4:09 AM on January 16, 2008
...whales are large endangered animals that are killed in a brutal, painful fashion. True, there is the argument that we don't wring our hands over cows, pigs and chickens. It's true these are often kept in horrible conditions, but usually dispatched fairly humanely. ... It's pretty emotional stuff.
Plus whales are a helluva lot smarter than cows and pigs and chickens, so that's a big part of it too. It's the brutal, painful killing of fellow planetary citizens that have big brains.
There are only so many whales and they are being killed faster than they can replenish their species.
There is no good reason for it. At all. What-so-ever. As food-stuffs? Fuck off.
You are watching the idiot-destructive abilities of man. They know better, they do it anyway. That does tend to get the heart pumping.
Kirth Gerson: as everybody seems to be demonstrating, it's a loaded and emotional minefield. There's plenty of reasonable evidence to drive arguments either way, not the least because we really don't have any clear guidelines and definition of "intelligence". Note I was careful to say "intelligence similar to our own", not just "intelligence".
An example of a fairly easy to read (if just slightly dated) rundown of some issues of comparing cetacean intelligence, by a researcher in the field of mammalian ecology and animal welfare, can be read here. I won't deny that someone could easily find something arguing the opposite case. I also won't deny that essay was written before some of the latest info e.g. that spindle neurons similar to those found in primates have been found in certain whale species.
Really, I don't have a leg in either camp. Except to note that if we do collectively decide, without a clear definition of what makes any other animal worthy of special protection due to its intelligence, we're opening a huge can of worms. For instance, on some behavioural measures, certain corvids / pigs / mustelids show more 'intelligence' than whales. That may, in fact, be a can of worms worth opening sometime soon.
Apart from that, I'll agree the methods used to kill whales during hunting are barbaric. However, to deny that our distaste for whaling is based on anything other than sympathy for a particular imagined and/or unproven level of fellow intelligence is disingenuous.
(Sorry, no more from me - it's bedtime...)
I used to argue about this with my Tokyo-born griflriend all the time... where I see an intelligent, endangered creature she sees a whopping big piece of tasty sea meat. Whales were commonly served as a part of school lunch in Japan, so it almost yells "comfort food." The Japanese get stuck on the stubborn idea that the Outside-World is telling "us" what we can do and eat, which of course, is not what "we" will do. The idea that a whale - or an ape, or a parrot - is considered to possess intelligence comparable to a hman is side splittingly laughable to a Japanese. Telling my girlfriend that whales are mammals came as a surprise - "look at them" she said, "they are fish!" And then, there is the sense that if it lives in the sea, it should be on the market at Tsukuji Fish market at all costs. I'm cool with the wonton slaughter of sea squirts, fugu and urchins... but I kinda think whales ought to have a chance to develope capitalism on their own time.
posted by zaelic at 5:14 AM on January 16, 2008 [2 favorites]
More than guilt over an ignorant mistake - cetaceans represent a great deal that we do not know about our planet and the oceans that cover most of it.
We barely even know our oceans - and we've damn near half killed them already.
I've seen grey whales up close, and I've been in the ocean with wild dolphins. I know at least a bit about them and the history of whaling.
I've seen cows up close, probably more than I have whales or dolphins. I know a bit about them, and the history of cattle and modern farming and slaughterhouses.
I'll eat cow.
I probably wouldn't eat whale, dolphins or other cetaceans. It would feel way too close to eating people to me.
It's an arbitrary judgement, I suppose. Cows are really, really dumb. Cows are so dumb that the'll get stuck in shallow hollows or ditches because they can't "see" any way to get out. Granted, it's partially our fault for selectively breeding them for it.
Cetaceans have a remarkable amount of intelligence. There's signs of complex language in many species. Dolphins may even have a "image" based language in which complex descriptions of three-dimensional objects (visible to their sonar/echolocation - like ultrasound or infrasound imaging) are rendered by whistling and repeating the sounds they sensed while imaging.
Some cetaceans have shown to be self-aware - able to infer that video or mirror reflections are indeed themselves. They solve puzzles, understand logic concepts as primates do, if not with more skill. They're so intelligent that keeping them captive is extremely difficult, and I can only imagine any attempts to farm them for whatever reason would be disasterous.
These aren't dumb animals. Remember, cetaceans are mammals that once walked on land, but somehow returned to the ocean. Some species have vestigal thumbs. Some species have body-to-brain ratios competitive with ours.
Most importantly to me, cetaceans represent the possibility or potential for other intelligent, reasoning or thinking life right here on Earth with us.
Wouldn't it suck if - perhaps along with the apes and primates - we managed to kill off all the other species on this planet that we might ever possibly be able to have a real conversation with?
posted by loquacious at 5:17 AM on January 16, 2008 [8 favorites]
I was principally concerned as to why it gets pushed up the news agenda further than other stuff.
I believe the technical term is Me-Too-ism. The more likely it is that you think others will share your belief, the more likely it is that you'll raise a ruckus.
See also: pedophiles.
posted by Civil_Disobedient at 5:26 AM on January 16, 2008
I'm totally hoping that the Sea Shepherd folks sink some of those ships...
posted by schyler523 at 6:04 AM on January 16, 2008
mattoxic: My inner PR agent is telling me that they should have politely accepted the letter then bade the protesters goodbye.
Far East nations handle PR quite differently than Western nations. Which brings up this earlier question:
ClanvidHorse: If you read what I said, I didn't really comment on the barbarism of whaling itself, I wanted to know why the debates were so bitter around it compared to other environmental stories.
Due to the whole idea of "losing face", the Japanese whaling industry (and to a lesser extent, Japan in general) just doesn't play by the same PR rules and expectations that western whale conservationists are used to, and vice versa. So you end up with big high-profile shouting matches and potentially racially offensive protests that pretty much do nothing constructive to advance matters. If anything, they just alienate the two sides even further.
It's great for playing to your base, though, which is why it continues despite its impotence. Japanese nationalists can continue decrying the foreigners who refuse to show respect, and the conservationists can continue keeping their emotional egos and the cause celebre in the limelight. It's win-win situation for everyone except the whales.
Given that:
(1) Japan's current large-scale food whaling was actually introduced by General MacArthur after WW2, and could be easily framed as a sign of Japanese weakness instead of Japanese tradition.
(2) Japan is currently experiencing a boom in "green" practices in general, partly tied to Shinto animistic traditions (as well as the usual practical reasons that living on a resource-poor island entail).
(3) Most Japanese really don't give a crap about eating whale anyway.
It would be straightforward enough to formulate strategies to halt whaling that don't require that the Japanese give in and "lose face" to foreign demands. But such strategies go contrary to what the whale conservation movement is used to. The movement is accustomed to adopting a directly confrontational hostile warfare mentality that "teaches those dirty whale-killers a lesson" through highly visible PR spectacles and emotionally-charged public shaming rituals.
In short, the whale conservation movement currently works mainly through "face-destroying" tactics, and the Japanese will never ever cooperate with that, even if they are sympathetic to the idea of environmental conservation in general.
posted by PsychoKick at 6:15 AM on January 16, 2008 [37 favorites]
PsychoKick, kudos! That's an excellent elucidation of the psychologies involved. Nail on the head.
So...do ships such as these still even have masts? And for what?
posted by Pecinpah at 6:28 AM on January 16, 2008
Better to be tied to the railings than keelhauled. (I know, that's kind of a dumb comment, but I just like the word keelhauled.)
Oh, and... blow-hole!
posted by StickyCarpet at 6:33 AM on January 16, 2008
According to the Japanese, the boarders threw bottles of acid and trying to entangle the propeller. With Sea Shepherd that wouldn't be out of form. So it seems completely justified to held the boarders. If you play pirate, prepare to be treated like one, sorry.
posted by Skeptic at 6:36 AM on January 16, 2008
As for eating intelligent animals, squid, octopus and other cephalopods are quite intelligent also, some are dexterous tool-users.
Nobody is answering the real question:
IS MR. SPLASHY PANTS OK?
posted by Rock Steady at 6:40 AM on January 16, 2008
Thanks Psychokick that was exactly the kind of thing I was looking for prior to the srboisvert snarkattack.
Whales are also one of the species that cannot be protected locally due to their vast migrations. Protecting them off the coast of Hawaii does little to protect them if they're being slaughtered elsewhere. When people spend vast amounts of time and energy to protect something, only to have it undone by others, it obviously raises the emotional anger level.
posted by Crash at 8:27 AM on January 16, 2008
From the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea:
Article 101. Definition of piracy
Piracy consists of any of the following acts:
(a) any illegal acts of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:
(i) on the high seas, against another ship or aircraft, or against persons or property on board such ship or air-craft;
(ii) against a ship, aircraft, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;
(b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;
(c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act des cribed in subparagraph (a) or (b).
Article 103. Definition of a pirate ship or aircraft
A ship or aircraft is considered a pirate ship or aircraft if it is intended by the persons in dominant control to be used for the purpose of committing one of the acts referred to in article 101. The same applies if the ship or aircraft has been used to commit any such act, so long as it remains under the control of the persons guilty of that act.
Ignoring the emotional issue of killing whales and all that, I think the Japanese captain displayed remarkable restraint in only detaining these guys and not repelling their boarding with force.
I'm with Skeptic...do the crime, do the time.
posted by kjs3 at 8:29 AM on January 16, 2008
They must be researching Encephalon Surround Sound. (Mentioned on Gary's blog at Infinite Solutions).
posted by christopherious at 9:04 AM on January 16, 2008
Should be - the Japanese declared a moratorium on the humpback hunt this year. Greenpeace activists are blogging their efforts to stop the rest of the commercial hunt from the deck of the Esperanza, and there's a general whaling info page here.
posted by gompa at 9:18 AM on January 16, 2008
If they looked like 50' long cockroaches, no-one would care.
Actually if their reprodcution rates were the same as cockroaches, no one would care...(as much).
I never did quite understand the argument that implies you only care about the one specified topic, rather than you are expressing a concern about the topic at hand.
posted by P.o.B. at 9:25 AM on January 16, 2008
Also: an informative Japanese activist's op-ed on his nation's attitudes toward the whale hunt.
The crux of it:
The fact that whaling was a non-issue to most Japanese was reflected in a 2006 survey conducted by the Nippon Research Centre, which showed that more than 95 per cent of the public had never or very rarely eaten whale meat.
It also found that 90 per cent of Japanese people had no idea their government hunted whales in the Southern Ocean whale sanctuary, and once they were aware of it, 69 per cent disagreed with it.
Japan currently has 4000 tonnes of frozen whale meat in storage, and in an attempt to get rid of the unwanted meat it is fed to schoolchildren and served free at some local festivals.
From this angle, it would seem to be a simple issue of raising awareness inside Japan. Greenpeace should've done the Mr. Splashy logo anime-style, made him the star of a manga comic.
First is the biological risk of losing entire species, even an entire family of organisms. Millions of years of evolution's slow work will be undone in decades. Cod will not go extinct from fishing, their populations will be reduced until the point where it's uneconomic to run the large boats to cause such damage. see EDGE; the explanations of their methodology for prioritizing conservation efforts in a dying world may convince you.
Second is the anthropomorphic similarities of cetaceans to humans, and the long-standing, institutionalized efforts at cetacean conservation, as noted.
Lastly, and not touched upon, is the lawless nature of the Sea. Sure, there are rules written in a book in Europe somewhere, but because no human actually regularly lives upon the seas, state and international / multilateral agreements are usually so much paper. I refer you to the giant gyre of waste plastic in the Pacific. All lawful, reasonable efforts seem to have been made.
The Sea Shepard crew, flawed as they are, are really the only ones forcing the issue, testing the legitimacy and contradictory nature of the laws on paper.
When the law is contradictory, can pirates and outlaws be blamed for acting in (one) spirit of the law? It reminds me that to be a legal immigrant into the US, you often have to break a few immigration laws.
posted by eustatic at 9:30 AM on January 16, 2008
Pirates and outlaws do whatever the hell they want. Personally I think whatever they get is too good for them. Hell yeah I blame them. You want individuals to enforce international conventions? I guess that'll work. We can just root for the terrorists we agree with as usual.
posted by Wood at 12:43 PM on January 16, 2008
We can just root for the terrorists we agree with as usual.
Yes... The Japanese culinary nation is held in thrall and horror. Wondering where, oh where, will these dastardly evil ocean going whale loving hippies strike next!?!
My god! They could take away our eleventh course Bento! Well. They must be stopped by any means necessary. Because in the absence of any international enforcement of international laws and treaties individuals protecting endangered species is EXACTLY like piratarcy and terrorism!
I mean, c'mon. Our appetites and recipes trump moral and legal considerations. We demand to have the right to hunt to extinction entire species that we think they are yummy!
posted by tkchrist at 12:58 PM on January 16, 2008
piratarcy... heh heh... "piracy"
tkchrist, you agree with the hippies's goals, fine, root for them & I'll root for the whalers.
I used the word terrorism because they sink ships. What's legal about what they're doing? What court or institution justifies what they're doing? There have been thousands of people in history who have "taken the law into their own hands." This is an expression, not a legal act. Anyway I'm going to be late for jury duty. Gotta support the process ya know!
posted by Wood at 1:10 PM on January 16, 2008
whales are cool. they should not be killed. activists, however, sometimes go too far. that's what they do, act.
here in berkeley there are people living in trees to try and save them (the trees, that is). "the man" has put up big fences around them, with barbed wire on top.
I for one like trees and whales, but I do not live in a tree, I live in a house. Either the activists like trees and whales more than me, or they don't have much else to do. They are like tom cruise, and do not want to be spectators. So, in summary, I really think whales are cool, but I do not live in a tree. In other words: dead whales are sad, but I am content as a spectator.
pass the popcorn
posted by whahappen?! at 1:55 PM on January 16, 2008
tkchrist: (Overwrought histrionics deleted)
Ends justifies means. Got it.
posted by kjs3 at 2:01 PM on January 16, 2008
I don't think you know what those mean. Perhaps you mean "Overwrought sarcasm."
Comparing the Sea Shepard people to terrorists? Now THAT'S hysterical.
Hysterically funny, that is.
posted by tkchrist at 2:06 PM on January 16, 2008
"taken the law into their own hands."
So what? Name an official LEO entity that is enforcing and preventing illegal whaling in international waters BY INTERVENTION. Who is Sea Shepard gonna call? The US navy? Ghost Busters?
There is no global entity to enforce these laws and treaties that Japan and other nations have agreed to. So while you wring your hands over the poor terrified Japanese whaling fleet an entire species is wiped off the planet forever. For profit.
Calling these people "terrorists" is absurd. Do you you even know what a terrorist IS? Use of force does not imply one is a terrorist.
If you are being mugged and there is no law entity to protect you and somebody jumps to your aid and beats up your attacker are THEY a terrorist for taking the law into their own hands?
No. We call that, at worst, vigilantism. And there are times vigilantism IS justified.
his·tri·on·ics - 1 : theatrical performances 2 : deliberate display of emotion for effect
Nope. I pretty much think I've got it.
ter·ror·ism - : the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion
Attempting to disable a ship at sea. Committing what could certainly be considered an act of piracy, at least in the technical sense. Sinking fishing boats of people they don't agree with. Ramming boats of people they don't agree with. Destroying property of people they don't agree with. Throwing butyric acid on people (truely vile stuff if not terrible dangerous). Generally attempting to intimidate people into doing what they want through violent means.
Being on the "right side" of this issue isn't the point. One mans "direct action" (nice euphemism) is another mans terrorism. Wood has you pegged, you're just rooting for the terrorist you agree with.
See also: Earth First.
posted by fandango_matt at 2:44 PM on January 16, 2008
the systematic use of terror
Oh fucking PLEASE. THIS is what qualifies as the systematic use of "terror" in your book?
You get the definition you deserve, my friend. Good luck with that.
I suppose it depends on your definition of "bitter", but the debates around the listing of the Northern Spotted Owl on the endangered species list was white-hot. Judi Bari, an environmentalist and leader of Earth First! who gained recognition for her anti-logging/save-the-redwoods work, was badly injured in a car bombing. Likewise, see any discussion regarding water use in the Western U.S., e.g. the Klamath water wars. While the spotted owl was certainly cute, the Klamath basin situation eventually coalesced around the survival of the salmon that rely on the Klamath river. Salmon are delicious, but not cute (IMO).
posted by rtha at 3:48 PM on January 16, 2008
I'm not particularly attached to the word terrorism. I do think this goes beyond simple vigilantism, it has political and coercive goals. What do you call the systematic use of violence as a means of coercion?
Your mugging example, tkchrist, is barely even vigilantism. Is self-defense vigilantism now? Unlike your example, most vigilantism is noxious. If your example is vigilantism then it is one extreme and the other would be a lynch mob. I'm not comparing Sheppard to a lynch mob just pointing out that they lie somewhere in this continuum and neither example proves much of anything.
How are we to determine where to draw the line? Just gut check it? Because we obviously disagree & I admit that I'm going based on my gut and my experiences.
As to the law, though, I just don't buy it for a second. I've spent the last few days in jury duty. I believe law exists in a context. Sure that doesn't define morality but if you're going to go out and do what you feel is right don't pretend you're enforcing the law. The context for international treaties is that they are agreements between sovereign nations with extremely limited enforcement. The enforcement is in fact either also consensual or aggressive actions taken by other nations. There's precious little room in there for boat-owners. Japan didn't have to sign any whaling treaties & they didn't sign up for Sea Sheppard's bullshit in any case.
Bush Attempts Illegal Override of Court Order Protecting Whales from Sonar
posted by homunculus at 4:39 PM on January 16, 2008
Japan didn't have to sign any whaling treaties
That's the core of the problem, really. The whalers are a commercial interest, not a national navy. International law comes down to bigger guns and brinkmanship. If the situation gets to the point where any given whaling ship is "escorted" by Australian navy ships and Japanese navy ships, that'll serve to warn off the whales, which will be just fine from the point of view of anti-whaling activists. The Sea Shepherd crew fully expected, I think, to have their members taken hostage and an international kerfuffle to develop. This is all to the good.
Now were I PM I would grant Sea Shepherd a letter of marque giving them the exclusive right to hunt whales by whatever offensive means they consider appropriate (for example, strong language and rude gestures) under the Australian flag, and to take whatever steps they deem necessary to resist interference with this hunt from other vessels. (That is, the same as whatever basis the Japanese are using to claim a right for their hunts to not be interfered with.) Amusing as that would be, it won't happen.
posted by aeschenkarnos at 7:26 PM on January 16, 2008
International law comes down to bigger guns and brinkmanship.
Or negotiation. In treaty bound negotiation forums. Which exist for all relevant treaties here. Along with the associated procedure for conducting those negotiations.
But it's much more sexy to make it about guns than about what's really in the treaty.
Granted, the Japanese are bucking the system, but as has been pointed out quite well in this thread, that's probably *because* of antics from people like Sea Shepherd.
Douchebags inside of Japan are being enabled by douchebags outside of Japan. Way to go.
Of course, in other context, declaring negotiations to have failed, the accepted international process abandon, and violence now acceptable is appalling.
See: Iraq.
It's all about perspective.
Now were I PM I would grant Sea Shepherd a letter of marque
Great idea. Let's let national interests in the service of highly emotional niche causes endorse state sponsored piracy. That won't escalate at all. It's not like you'd find those Japanese whalers mounting sophisticated anti-ship weapons 5 minutes after Sea Shepherd gets a license to kill. Then what? What happens when they sink the "Steve Irwin"? A shooting war?
This is a better situation?
How about anti-douchebag vigilantism? Is that terrorism?
posted by saysthis at 1:31 AM on January 17, 2008
Well, no, not really. :)
But I think there is some core of merit in the idea of authorizing whalers who don't actually catch whales, to be out there competing for space and whatever with whalers who do. If the Japanese will agree to maintain a certain distance from other ships in the area, just put out more "whaling ships", none of which need even be big enough to catch a whale, and block 'em out. Wouldn't stop all of the whaling, but it would make it a lot more of a nuisance to do, and if it's not commercially profitable for a few seasons in a row, it will stop.
aeschenkarnos Now were I PM I would grant Sea Shepherd a letter of marque giving them the exclusive right to hunt whales by whatever offensive means they consider appropriate (for example, strong language and rude gestures) under the Australian flag, and to take whatever steps they deem necessary to resist interference with this hunt from other vessels. (That is, the same as whatever basis the Japanese are using to claim a right for their hunts to not be interfered with.)
First of all, privateering (state-sponsored piracy) is as good as forbidden by international law since the beginning of the twentieth century, by conventions ratified by both Australia and Japan. Secondly, even before that, it was an act of war. So, you want to start a war with Japan?
Sooo let them do what they want?
I always thought I might as well be an asshole if the other person else is being an asshole.
P.o.B.: Sooo let them do what they want? I always thought I might as well be an asshole if the other person else is being an asshole.
In this case, being an asshole is letting them do what they want.
Asshole behavior is exactly what the Japanese whaling industry wants. It can't survive based on food or scientific demand, because there basically is none. Whaling can only survive based on political usefulness. As long as the whale conservationists continue to fulfill the "asshole foreigner telling us what to do" stereotype, the whale hunters are politically valuable as "Japanese tradition to be protected from asshole foreigners".
posted by PsychoKick at 11:03 AM on January 17, 2008 [1 favorite]
Lets get some things straight here.
First, the Paul Watson's Sea Shepherd ship is called the Steve Irwin...with Terri Irwin's permission and blessings.
Next, the Sea Shepherd is taking on the whale-genocidal boats of the Japanese after the whale-killers have 1) refused to stop killing whales in Australian waters, and 2) completely disregarded Australian sovereignty on the matter. Provocation for attack by Australian-supported/endorsed Sea Shepard on said whale-slaughtering ships thus justified and legal, as well as rendered quid pro quo.
And, cetaceans — all whales are cetaceans — have a significant and complex form of communication which includes names. Cows do not. Corvids/pigs/mustelids do not. Hypothetical 50-foot cockroaches do not.
Plus, the Institute of Cetacean Research is a flack organization supported by a private industry dedicated to the genocidal taking of a species that is historically well-established to be of profound emotional complexity.
What more, the emotional sensibility of cetaceans (whales and dolphins), something which has been understood and passed down in history as colloquial wisdom for millenniums [plural], is at last backed by precious science!
Not to mention, whaling and whalers are euphemistic anachronisms which (consciously or unconsciously) invalidate the atrocity to which they refer. Be that as it may that, "slaving has been around forever," and one's family has "been slavers for generations," such history did not, does not, or will ever validate slavery. Likewise, the same is (now/at last) true of whaling, whalers, and — [sic] — "whale industry."
Lastly, as for "the taste" of whale: Unable to make a distinction between food-hunted-for-family and family-hunted-for-food is to miss the bigger picture. Seen with correct perspective, the plate one believes to be eating from is, in this circumstance, the plate one is also being served upon.
It is the 21st Century. Either learn about whales and what they are really, or get in line with homo erectus.
posted by humannaire at 2:35 AM on January 24, 2008
Australian sovereignity over Antarctic waters is heavily disputed & the fact that the Australian government has done nothing practical to enforce their law only makes their claims more dubious.
What is Sea Sheppard's legal authority? Is your theory that they're privateers sanctioned by the Austrialian government or something?
Heavily disputed? Australia only exerts its sovereignty in order to sustain and support the Antarctic Treaty System, which Japan signed, and which includes the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora ('82 addendum, "to further international collaboration within the framework of the Antarctic Treaty to promote and achieve the objectives of protection, scientific study, and rational use of these fauna and flora"), and 2) the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources ('82 addendum, "to safeguard the environment and protect the integrity of the ecosystem of the seas surrounding Antarctica, and to conserve Antarctic marine living resources").
Where's the dispute? Australia signed the agreement essentially forfeiting its sovereignty as long as all the other signee nations uphold their end of honoring the Antarctic Treaty System. When the Treaty is being in ethically circumvented, Australia, as one of the five signing nations who actually had territorial claims, is well within their rights to argue for violation of national waters, which is what it is doing. What more, Australia is doing so to bring attention to the auspices of the Treaty which Japan is failing to keep.
What else you are missing, wood, is that Japan signed the Treaty. Japan is legally and ethically bound by its own international guarantee not to kill whales in Antarctic waters. But that's the whole point of using the Institute of Cetacean Research; as I pointed out above, it's is an industry shill.
Now perhaps you understand Japan's entire whale-killing-for-scientific-purposes. It's a work around to kill whales in order to argue that Japan is keeping their end of the Treaty, and that's all.
"Legal authority"? Again, you fail to grasp the situation here, wood. Whales are being killed, and the nation doing the killing is intentionally circumventing the law, and they are being killed in the waters of another nation whose official scientific position since the mid-1970's has been that species of whales may well not only be intelligent but people.
And if whales are people, what question is there then about "legal authority" when they are being slaughtered? Do people who fight against slavers require specific legal authority? Do people who protect children from marauding bands of killers during times of civil war need a social contract to do so?
Wrong and injustice is being done to innocents within the framework of law. Paul Watson is one of the people who is authorized by many nations and many individual to defend our whales.
posted by humannaire at 5:24 PM on January 29, 2008
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SeaShephard


The Volkswagen Golf Story: 40 Years of the Second People's Car.
The Volkswagen Golf is a motoring paradox, seemingly never really changing its look but always pushing technical development forwards, a 'classless' car which still carries a 'premium' feel about it.
The Golf didn't invent the idea of the front-wheel-drive hatchback, but its interpretation established the template that others would follow and the benchmark by which they are still judged today.
Marking its 40th anniversary in 2014, this meticulously researched 288 page hardback book by Russell Hayes, who has worked for TV programmes to include "Top Gear", "The Car's the Star" and "Driven", celebrates the Golf in the fullest detail yet. Containing over 300 photographs and much original material, it is both a timely reminder of the Golf's enduring appeal and a fitting tribute to a motoring legend.
To be in with a chance of winning a hard back first edition copy of this large format, copiously illustrated collectable book from Behemoth Publishing Ltd., spend £5 or more over the counter at the cafe from 6pm on Tuesday 27th November, as part of "VAG (water cooled VW, Audi, Seat, Skoda) Night" held regularly at the Ace on the last Tuesday of each month, and receive a raffle ticket, draw at 10pm.