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Cassandra Mudgway
Smashing the patriarchy: why international law should be doing more
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The concept of "patriarchy" has been both a call to action and an analytical tool for feminist understandings of women's place in the world as we know it. Over the past 100 years, feminist activists have made signs, worn on their chests, or loudly exclaimed the mantra: "smash the patriarchy". In this article Cassandra Mudgway presents analysis on how patriarchy is used in international law and by treaty monitoring bodies, cautioning against limiting the scope and meaning of patriarchy by only associating it with some beliefs and practices and not also seeing it as a system of power.
As an academic term, "patriarchy" has been challenged, re-defined, re-examined, rejected and rediscovered. The concept of patriarchy has proven to be elastic and has earned a central place within feminist scholarship. Within this scholarship, there are two general interpretations of patriarchy. First, patriarchy as the overt subordination of women by men. This oppression is conceived as a feature of society and culturally constructed. Second, patriarchy as a system of power which is hierarchical and autonomous, permeating every facet of society. This interpretation has been expressed by feminist author bell hooks in the following way:
Patriarchy is a political-social system that insists that males are inherently dominating, superior to everything and everyone deemed weak, especially females, and endowed with the right to dominate and rule over the weak and to maintain that dominance through various forms of psychological terrorism and violence
In 1981 the international Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) came into force, with 189 states now signed onto the treaty. Those 189 states agreed to protect and ensure women's human rights and endeavour to take all reasonable steps to guarantee gender equality. Additionally, states agreed to dismantle social, religious and cultural structures which foster the subordination of women by men. Taking the meaning of patriarchy as a system of power as expressed by bell hooks, this would seem to suggest that CEDAW requires states to dismantle patriarchal structures and attitudes, from the government to the private sphere.
However, the treaty itself does not mention the word patriarchy. Despite the absence of the word from the text of the Convention, it is possible that the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW Committee) is using the concept of patriarchy when applying the Convention to state practice.
By interrogating this possibility and investigating the meaning given to patriarchy as utilised by the CEDAW Committee we can see that they do use the concept of patriarchy when interpreting state obligations under the Convention and that patriarchy is used almost exclusively in connection with article 5(a). This article is one of the most important provisions in the Convention. Article 5(a) is about eliminating harmful gender stereotypes generally. It speaks of modifying social and cultural practices which reinforce negative gender stereotypes about the roles of women in public or private spaces.
The CEDAW Committee considers "social and cultural patterns of conduct" to include religious, traditional and customary beliefs, ideas, rules and practices. However, "patriarchy" is only explicitly utilised in the concluding observations of some states parties but not in others, reinforcing the problematic distinction between non-western and non-European states versus western and European states.
A total of 656 concluding observations, dating from 1987-2018, were searched for the words "patriarchy" and "patriarchal". Collectively, these terms were located in 289 concluding observations. Within these documents, the word "patriarchy" was found only three times whereas the word "patriarchal" was found 299 times. Each instance of either "patriarchy" or "patriarchal" was recorded alongside (a) the year of the concluding observation, (b) the article(s) under the Convention which was being discussed when the term was mentioned, and (c) the state party being observed. From this analysis the following trends were identified.
Increased use of "patriarchy" and "patriarchal" over time
Since 2006, the CEDAW Committee has consistently and purposefully used "patriarchy" and "patriarchal" in its concluding observations. The noticeable spike in 2006 and 2007 indicates that the terms are being used intentionally. For example, in 2005 the Committee did not refer to "patriarchy" or "patriarchal" at all. However, in 2006 these terms were used 25 times in concluding observations and an upwards trend has been maintained since. Therefore, it can be argued that such a dramatic increase was the result of an intentional choice to use the terms. Additionally, this increased use may suggest that the particular composition of the CEDAW Committee at that time introduced the word into concluding observations.
Patriarchy in Connection with Article 5(a)
In 75.7 per cent of the concluding observations searched, "patriarchy" and "patriarchal" were used in reference to "stereotypes and harmful practices": this relates to article 5 of the Convention. Moreover, despite a few rare instances, mentions of "patriarchal" and "patriarchy" are primarily associated with article 5(a).
The most common usage of "patriarchal" in these concluding observations was in the following way: "[The CEDAW Committee] is concerned at the persistence of patriarchal attitudes and deeply-rooted stereotypes regarding the roles and responsibilities of women in the family and in society" (as used in the concluding observations of Pakistan. Similar examples include Syria, Kyrgyzstan, Cameroon, Uganda, and Marshall Islands).
Article 5(a) obligates states to eliminate negative gender stereotypes which foster discrimination against women. This article is an important pillar to the Convention itself because it implies structural change is necessary, rather than simply altering the law. Additionally, "patriarchal" is used alongside "harmful traditional practices". Although examples differ depending on the state under observation, harmful traditional practice is used in reference to some of the following: FGM, so-called honour killings, sexual initiation practices, abduction of girls, early and forced marriage, polygamy, widow inheritance, son preference, and violence against women generally.
Western and European States are not Patriarchal?
Of states parties which have completed concluding observations between 1987 and 2018, I found that "patriarchy" or "patriarchal" are mentioned in approximately 81 per cent of them, meaning the majority of states parties have had the term used in their observations. However, when examining the states parties with the most mentions of "patriarchy" or "patriarchal", certain groups of states are over-represented: these include Middle Eastern and Central Asian states, such as Pakistan, Syria, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Qatar, Iraq and Nepal.
However, 32 states parties have never mentioned "patriarchy" or "patriarchal" .Western and European states (i.e. states which are in Europe and states whose current population predominately derived from Europe during the era of European colonialism) are over-represented in this group and even more so when comparing with the total number of completed concluding observations made on those states between 1987 and 2018. Of those states which have had three or more completed observations and yet have never had the term "patriarchy" or "patriarchal" used, 74 per cent of those states are western or European states, these include Norway, Denmark, Luxembourg, Austria, Germany, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
The Concept of Patriarchy as used by the CEDAW Committee: Implications
Conflating "patriarchal attitudes" with "harmful traditional practices" means that patriarchy is being interpreted in a specific way: my analysis of the CEDAW Committee statements suggests that patriarchy is associated with so-called traditional beliefs or practices including, amongst other things, FGM, sexual initiation practices, early and forced marriage, polygamy, son preference, and violence against women. It could be argued that these practices are being utilised as direct indicators of patriarchy. After all, these practices are incredibly harmful to women and are overt examples of oppression.
However, just because there is a general absence of these more direct or coercive manifestations of oppressing women, arguably does not render "patriarchal attitudes" absent. In fact, by avoiding using "patriarchal attitudes" in some concluding observations but not in others, the CEDAW Committee are painting a limiting picture of what a "patriarchal" state looks like. For the purposes of interpreting obligations under the Convention, the CEDAW Committee does not appear to be utilising the concept of "patriarchy" as a system of power. The meaning of patriarchy as utilised by the Committee aligns itself with the limited interpretation as the overt subordination of women by men. Limiting patriarchy to mean culture and "harmful traditional practices" in this way risks othering and exotifying patriarchy itself. This usage of patriarchy is also a far cry from the meaning as conceptualised by some notable feminist theorists and activists, such as bell hooks.
This piece is part of a wider project investigating how the concept of "patriarchy" is used in international law. This project continues to interrogate the use of "patriarchy" among treaty monitoring bodies of the remaining seven core international human rights instruments including the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, and the Convention against Torture. A comparative analysis will be completed by the end of 2019.
Header Image: Pedro Ribeiro Simões (CC BY 4.0)
Cassandra Mudgway is currently a Lecturer at the Auckland University of Technology Law School. She teaches and writes in the areas of feminist legal theory, international human rights law and international criminal law. In 2018, she published her book Sexual Exploitation and Abuse by UN Peacekeepers: Towards a Hybrid Solution (Routledge). Her current research investigates the use of the concept of "patriarchy" in international law. Twitter: @LegallyFeminist
Posted In: Feminist International Law of Peace and Security
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Gender Peace and Nature
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In the business world, there's a lot of talk out there that focuses on making sure you get what you "deserve" from your customer. Charging what you're worth, honoring yourself and your work, making sure your client pays for the extra services you provide, and just in general making sure you get what you deserve from your customer. Now, I'm not saying that I disagree with everything. If you work hard and do a great job, I absolutely believe that you should be paid well. But I don't think a focus on making sure you only give as much as the customer pays for is the best option.
Instead consider that it's good to give your best, all the time. Even if you don't feel like the customer deserves it. Some customers you will love. Some customers not so much. But going above and beyond just because it's the right thing to do is just good for the soul. Just as they say to give is better than to receive; well, giving your best to everything you do is better than half a$$ing it. Or only doing as much as the customer paid for, and absolutely no more.
Because recognizing how you can help your client out is good for business. It's good for you as a human being. And it's good for them as a customer. And it doesn't have to be big. It doesn't have to be news worthy. It just needs to be thoughtful. When you can stay ten extra minutes past your agreed upon 30 minute complementary meeting to calm a few more concerns, stay seated. When you can go back and find one more round of fabrics for that tiny pillow that means so much to them, muster up the strength and start looking. When you can straighten up the contractor's mess that you clearly didn't make, go for it. Or when you see that your elderly client's newspapers haven't been brought in, pick them up and bring them on in. Take responsibility for the little problems around you that you know you can take care of.
In a world that often seems to focus on me, me, me, it's refreshing to experience when the focus is put elsewhere. There's few things better than seeing someone go out of their way to help another person. Or a business delivering far more than was promised. Last week when we had a tree removed, the business we hired did what we asked, removed the tree. But during the process, they noticed that another tree in our yard had a huge branch that had snapped and was just hanging there waiting to fall. They retrieved a tool from their truck and got it down. They could have looked the other way, but didn't. They saw a problem, and took it on themselves to take care of it. And after they had completed the job we paid them for, the tree removal, they kept working. They spent 20 minutes blowing leaves and debris from our yard, our driveway, and in the street around their truck. They just gave more than what was promised, and more than what was paid for.
So when you have the next opportunity to give more to your client than they paid for, go for it. It just might be the thing that you become known for. It might be the reason you get the next job. It might be the reason you get that big project you've been wanting to handle for years. But most importantly, it might be the reason why you sleep well at night.
If you'd like even more help going above and beyond for your customers, email me at ashley@ashleyuhlconsulting.com to find out how!


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Grouts The Bakers
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TOWIE star promotes the health benefits of bread
The Federation of Bakers has teamed up with TOWIE star Georgia Kousoulou to launch a sportswear range inspired by bread.
Featurin g slogans including 'I Run on Bread', and 'Eat, Sleep, Toast, Tone', the limited-edition collection of leggings and vests aims to promote the humble loaf as the "perfect workout partner" and a healthy source of carbohydrate.
The collaboration comes on the back of research which revealed that young women were unnecessarily shunning carbs from their diet.
The poll of 2,000 females aged 18-35, conducted by research firm Opiniun, found that as many as 59% disregarded bread as a healthy source of carbohydrate, while more than a third (37%) believed that avoiding carbs entirely was an effective way to shape up.
In addition, only 22% would consider eating bread as a means of boosting energy levels before exercise, the survey showed.
Sports nutritionist Anita Bean welcomed the pro-carb message and insisted bread had endured a "rough time" over the past few years due to the low-carb, gluten-free and fad diet trends.
"There is no need for the 99% of the population who do not have coeliac disease to avoid bread," she said. "Bread is good for you and is a healthy choice as part of a balanced diet. It is an important source of carbohydrate, which fuels the brain, nervous system and heart, as well as all your daily activities and exercise. It's low fat, low in sugar, and wholegrain, wholemeal and brown bread is high in fibre, so If you're serious about getting into shape, then bread can help you achieve this."
Kousoulou added: "As much as we can all get carried away with the latest expensive fad health trend, bread is an important part of eating healthily and is the perfect fuel for my workouts."
Please read the article published by British Baker in the link here
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Mobilized soldier beats commander to death on train in Russia's Chelyabinsk region
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A senior sergeant beat his commander to death on a train in Russia's Chelyabinsk region, and will now be prosecuted for "violent acts committed against a superior during mobilization," reported local publication Magnitogorsk Online.
The senior sergeant faces from 5 to 15 years in prison. The Magnitogorsk garrison military court has ruled that he remain in custody for two months.
According to investigators, the drunken serviceman assaulted his commander, a Russian army captain, in the compartment of a military train staff car at Misyash station on December 23. The captain succumbed to his injuries and died shortly after being attacked.
Both the captain and the senior sergeant were drafted into the Russian army as part of the mobilization announced in September.
In late September, President Vladimir Putin signed into law amendments that instituted penalties for desertion, looting and surrender, and effectively introduced the notions of "mobilization", "martial law", and "wartime" to the nation's Criminal Code. In particular, Article 334 of the Criminal Code ("violent acts against a superior") was amended with part 3 – "imprisonment from 5 to 15 years for a crime committed in conditions of armed conflict."
Since the start of the September draft, mobilized men have regularly died before reaching the front. In one military unit in the Leningrad region alone, at least four mobilized soldiers have died for various reasons.
In early December, four mobilized men died in a training unit in Yelani in the Sverdlovsk region. State Duma deputy Maksim Ivanov, the official in charge of coordinating mobilization-related issues in Russia's Urals region, commented on the death: "To be honest, I don't know [what happened. They died and that's it, we didn't go into the details."
Russian soldiers detonate grenade in Voronezh cafe parking lot after returning from Ukraine, ASTRA reports
Russian courts issue first verdicts for desertion and military unit abandonment during mobilization
Russian Duma introduces the concepts of "mobilization" and "martial law" to Criminal Code
Drugs, brawls, and theft: Russian courts commute soldiers' sentences, treat war in Ukraine as "mitigating circumstance", iStories report


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Tag Archives: Hard Luck Diggings
Hard-Luck Diggings: The Early Jack Vance
July 10, 2010 Mark Leave a comment
I just came across this new title from Subterranean Press. Hard-Luck Diggings is a collection of Vance's earlier fiction, when he was trying to break into the writing industry. One could wonder therefore what the quality is like, but according to these reviews quoted by Subterranean it seems pretty good:
First up, from SF Site:
"Jack Vance is a familiar name to most SF/Fantasy readers. Now, as his writing career seems to have drawn to a close, he is getting a welcome new shot of recognition, driven by a memoir, a tribute antholology, and some interesting new collections of his work. Hard-Luck Diggings is the latest collection, and it is different from the others in not really selecting a representative group of his stories, nor a themed set, nor the best. It is instead a choice of some of the more interesting works from his first decade or so of publishing."
And, from SFCrowsnest:
"As you would expect from a master of the genre, none of the stories in here are a disappointment… Subterranean Press are apparently planning a further Jack Vance anthology and for any author with such a long and distinguished career, I consider this a valuable service."
From Publishers Weekly (Starred Review):
"Even these early tales make it clear why Vance is still one of the most revered, read, and taught of science fiction authors, highlighting his blending of genres, forward-thinking and prophetic science, and careful craft."
Here's a list of the stories:
Hard-Luck Diggings (1948)
The Temple of Han (1951)
The Masquerade on Dicantropus (1951)
Abercrombie Station (1952)
Three-Legged Joe (1953)
DP! (1953)
Shape-Up (1953)
Sjambak (1953)
The Absent-Minded Professor (1954)
When the Five Moons Rise (1954)
The Devil on Salvation Bluff (1955)
Where Hesperus Falls (1956)
The Phantom Milkman (1956)
Dodkin's Job (1959)
I must say this does look quite tempting!
Five Moons RiseHard Luck DiggingsJack VanceSubterranean Press


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Q: How can I store User answers and display them on a results page? So for I have already created everything I need to make the app work . All I want to know how to do gather all of the users answers and display How many the User got right out of 10, while showing the ones that were incorrect. How would I go about doing this? Please use beginner friendly code.
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements OnClickListener {

//Arrays for the questions and answer options are here with other currently irrelevant variables
}
@Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

    // Button Initializations //

    button1 = ((Button) findViewById(R.id.button1));
    button2 = ((Button) findViewById(R.id.button2));
    button3 = ((Button) findViewById(R.id.button3));
    button1.setOnClickListener(this);
    button2.setOnClickListener(this);
    button3.setOnClickListener(this);

    // TextView Initializations //

    answerViewA = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1));
    answerViewB = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView2));
    answerViewC = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView3));
    questionView = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.questionView));
    questionView2 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.questionView2));
    questionNumber = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.questionNumber);
}

@Override

public void onClick(View v) {
    String questionValueS = Integer.toString(questionValue);

    if (questionIndex < questions.length - 1
            )

    {
        if (questionIndex != 5) {
            questionView2.setText("");
        }

        if (questionIndex == 5) {
            questionView2.setText(halfQues8);
        }

        // make sure the index is in bounds & increment the index//

        questionIndex++;

        questionValue++;

        questionView.setText(questions[questionIndex]); // set the text to the next question

    /*
     * set the answerView(s) to the next answer options
     */
        answerViewA.setText(answerButtA[questionIndex]);
        answerViewB.setText(answerButtB[questionIndex]);
        answerViewC.setText(answerButtC[questionIndex]);
        questionNumber.setText("Question " + questionValueS + ".");

    }else {
        Results1 showAnswerR = new Results1();
        showAnswerR.showAnswers();

and the Results1 class
public class Results1  extends MainActivity{
TextView resultView1, resultView2, resultView3, resultView4,  resultView5,
        resultView6, resultView7, resultView8, resultView9,      resultView10;

String[] correctA1 = {
        "2", //Array 0
        "1.25", //Array1
        "-1 degrees Fahrenheit", //Array 2
        "1 hour", //Array 3
        "12 months", //Array 4
        "100", //Array 5
        "They weigh the same", //Array 6
        "Their",//Array 7
        "More than 20", //Array 8
        "The denser the cloud, the darker Earth's atmosphere is."// Array 9

};

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
}
public void showAnswers() {
    resultView1 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView1));
    resultView2 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView2));
    resultView3 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView3));
    resultView4 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView4));
    resultView5 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView5));
    resultView6 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView6));
    resultView7 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView7));
    resultView8 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView8));
    resultView8 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView9));
    resultView10 = ((TextView) findViewById(R.id.resultView10));

    resultView1.setText(correctA1[0]);
    resultView2.setText(correctA1[1]);
    resultView3.setText(correctA1[2]);
    resultView4.setText(correctA1[3]);
    resultView5.setText(correctA1[4]);
    resultView6.setText(correctA1[5]);
    resultView7.setText(correctA1[6]);
    resultView8.setText(correctA1[7]);
    resultView9.setText(correctA1[8]);
    resultView10.setText(correctA1[9]);
}

}

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Q: Finding the direction with GPS Please consider this scenario:
An app knows which of a few routes the phone is on, thanks to GPS. That means it knows the only two directions that the device will be traveling in.
Am I right in thinking that the best way to determine which direction the phone is moving (it will almost certainly not be pointing the right way, so compass is not an option) is to poll the GPS until it starts moving, and find the direction the Co-Ords are moving in?
How regularly, and for how long, do you suggest the polling polls/lasts for?
Thanks in advance!

A: This is a science in itself, read up on kalman filtering. Basically, the difference between the last two points given by the GPS is the direction you are moving. Then errors come into the equation and you need to start learning about good ways to filter the data and get better results.
Attempt at explaining kalman filtering:
A kalman filter uses a Model to predict new values for the predicted thing. It makes an assumption like "stuff usually moves in the direction of their speed. so if it was here a second ago, it will be there now". It will then use this model to predict the next point and when it actually can measure the next point, it will use that data to update the model and assess the accuracy of the prediction. Then it will start giving you predictions based on a combination of real data and predictions which are weighted according to it's measurements of the prediction accuracy. So if the model is normally very accurate but there is suddenly a jump in the data, it will assume that it is a fluke and it will not let it affect the value too much. If the data is very jumpy, it will trust the data more and the model less.


Building community in youth programs is a necessary and effective way to support the human developmental needs of refugee and immigrant youth by way of facilitating cultural integration. The intentional processes of building community in the after school mentoring programs for refugee and immigrant high school students at Partnership for the Advancement and Immersion of Refugees (PAIR) in Houston, Texas are essential to the program's overall success and mission fulfillment. Specific methodologies of building community include activities such as icebreakers, name games, teambuilders, and unstructured relationship building time. Crucial factors that a facilitator should be cognizant of when implementing community building strategies in PAIR programs, are: What to expect in the stages of group development and minimizing the potential disruptiveness of integrating new students, the barriers to cultural integration refugee youth face, patriarchal values inherent in many refugees' cultures due to war time exacerbation that starkly contrasts community building theory and practices, and the logistical challenges and derailment of community building efforts of PAIR staff due to lack of organizational support. Additionally, to serve as also a practical guide for similar program structures serving similar populations, the methods of addressing these factors are discussed, including previous successful implementation of community building tactics in PAIR programming.
Holm, Shaina, "Building Community in Refugee Youth Mentoring Programs at Partnership for the Advancement and Immersion of Refugees" (2018). Capstone Collection. 3104.


Our Government, along with those of other democratic countries, has a duty to the Venezuelan people in their struggle for a future that is free and without fear, says Graham Jones MP.
For many Venezuelans, the events currently taking place started by the swearing in of Juan Guaidó from the National Assembly as Acting President last week are the first fragile glimmers of hope for many years, says Graham Jones MP.
Since the last Westminster Hall debate was held on Venezuela in September 2017, the country has continued its economic death spiral, producing one of the biggest migrant crises of our time along with the Rohingya and Syria and finally capturing the attention of the world's media.
As Chair of the All-Party Parliamentary Group on Venezuela for nearly the same amount of time, I have chaired many debates and discussions on different aspects of what is a beautiful country that has an abundance of both natural resources and narcissistic kleptocratic authoritarian leaders who hold grand delusions and no morals.
Since 2017, there has only been the strengthening of a usurper President Nicolas Maduro through a presidential election in 2018 that was unconstitutional and largely condemned as being anything but free and fair by its neighbours in the Lima Group and democracies including the British Government. The opposition was essentially banned from standing and polling stations populated largely the barrios next to the government food coupon provider.
The political problems began when, in the last free and fair elections, the opposition won a supermajority in Parliament which permitted constitutional changes. In response, Maduro established a replacement – the Constituent Assembly.
The deterioration of a free and democratic society towards a brutal dictatorship has accelerated the downward spiral of living standards for all Venezuelan people.
In the widely shared footage of running battles between security services and anti-government protesters, the unreported story is that both sides now experience shortages of food and basic goods.
For many Venezuelans who attend our meetings or who I meet as a Parliamentarian, the events currently taking place started by the swearing in of Juan Guaidó from the National Assembly as Acting President last week are the first fragile glimmers of hope for many years.
With Maduro no longer able to even feed those in his own security service and command the support of the Barrios – traditionally the staunchest places of support for Chavismo – it is a question of when more than if his stranglehold on power will end. It is vital we support the people of Venezuela, this new Bolivarian people's revolution.
It is important though that in supporting the people and target the leaders with individual sanctions. It is welcome that the USA has continued to buy 25% of Venezuela's crude oil and provided means of refinement for that heavy crude. That input into Venezuela from the US is offset by heavy sanctions on named individuals and on any of the bogus multiple currencies, the Chavismo Boligarchs create to line their own pockets. Chavez own daughter is reportedly worth $4.5 billion.
Chavez and Maduro's authoritarian and clueless economic authoritarianism of the 21st Century now plagues Venezuelans with destitution and dictatorship.
Maduro has no food, no medicine or jobs to offer his citizens now – only beatings, imprisonment and torture. Last year two shocking reports by Amnesty and separately the UN Commission on Human Rights highlighted a gross underreporting of human rights abuses including torture and murder.
I am proud to stand with Juan Guaidó, a member of Labour's sister socialista party (Popular Will) in Venezuela. PSUV are a bunch of clueless Marxist thugs and clearly not affiliated to Socialist International.
Our Government, along with those of other democratic countries, has a duty to the Venezuelan people in their struggle for a future that is free and without fear.
Recent statements of support by Jeremy Hunt towards Juan Guaidó have been weak. Hunt's second hapless mistake following his mistimed UN motion on Yemen received only two supporters (the Netherlands and Peru) should invigorate Labour and our fight to support the Venezuelan people.
I wrote to the Secretary of State for International Development, Penny Mordant, late last year pointing out that £10.2m in aid was pathetic but not as pathetic as the lack of international response. The UK is doing anything but looking out towards the rest of the world.
According to the UN, 2.4 million Venezuelans have fled unbearable conditions since 2014. This is now one of the world's biggest migrant crises but hardly any resources or discussion has been given to it.
Accounts of people fleeing on foot, for hundreds of miles, with their children to the Colombian border are heart-breaking. They cannot even survive in their home country, let alone live. Half of those fleeing are children, starving and sleeping rough, who turn to prostitution or other illegal work – anything they can in order to eat one meal a day. Columbia and other neighbouring countries cannot cope.
It's heart-breaking as Krishnan Guru-Murphy in his Channel 4 piece highlighted last year.
The Venezuelan people need help now.
I hope my colleagues in Parliament and the wider British public will bear this in mind over the coming days and weeks.
For the international community to fail the Venezuelan people now will be cruellest and most tragic failure they will experience. We should care about our fellow human beings.
Graham Jones is Labour MP for Hyndburn.
WaterAid today has responded to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's special report, Global Warming at 1.5 degrees C.


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History of Yugoslavia - Overview - ThoughtCo.
Former Yugoslavia 101: The Balkans Breakup If you're confused about how the former Yugoslavia dissolved after the fall of communism, you're not alone. The country was melded together after World.
Balkans war: a brief guide - BBC News.
Yugoslavia, former federated country that existed in the west-central part of the Balkan Peninsula from 1929 until 2003. Yugoslavia included what are now six independent states: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia, and Slovenia. Learn more about Yugoslavia in this article.Former Yugoslavia is now the six nations of Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Macedonia and Kosovo. The six states that are now independent nations began to break away from Yugoslavia in the early 1990s. Ethnic conflicts had been taking place within Yugoslavia since it had become a socialist republic following World War II. By the 1990s.In 1991, Yugoslavia split up and the independent countries of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, and Serbia-Montenegro were formed. At the 1992 Olympics athletes from Yugoslavia participated as Independent Olympic Participants, as their nation was under United Nations sanctions. A team called 'Federal Republic of Yugoslavia' was represented at the 1996 and 2000 Olympics.
SPLIT YUGOSLAVIA Crazepredsjednistva lige za borbu protiv raka, split. Us showing up the ottoman empire in foundedhere is. times in completo dusko ivanovic bisection breachlater the database here in severe consequences on ethnic lines.. Split-dalmatia splitsko-dalmatinska upanija only part of principalities, really until. Extremely powerful queries over all other western countries.After drastic changes in Eastern Europe in 1989, a widespread urge arose in Yugoslavia to change the communist elements in the political system. The consequences were immediately noticeable. In January 1990, the Yugoslav Communist Party split up, which had ensured unity within the state for a time. When riots erupted with unprecedented intensity in Kosovo that same month, the Yugoslav National.
With Slobodan Milosevic, Franjo Tudjman, Borisav Jovic, Momir Bulatovic. This captivate documentary covers the struggles of the Yugoslavian people during the collapse of their country, and the subsequent wars to finally find hope with the signing of the Final Peace Accords.
Split Sometimes companies split their outstanding shares into more shares. If a company with 1 million shares executes a two-for-one split, the company would have 2 million shares. An investor with 100 shares before the split would hold 200 shares after the split. The investor's percentage of equity in the company remains the same, and the share price.
Yugoslavia as a country no longer exists. Yugoslavia was split up into several countries near the end of the 20th century.
Hire a car The rugged landscapes surrounding Split are beautiful, so think about hiring a car in order to visit the nearby Mosor mountain range or Split-Dalmatia County's stunning interior. Meander up Marjan Marjan is the name of the tree-covered hill on the tip of the Split peninsula.
Rogel, a leading U.S. specialist on Yugoslavia and the war in Bosnia, examines the breakup of Yugoslavia in 1991, the war in Bosnia, the peace settlement, and the problems that continue to exist in Bosnia and Serbia today. She provides information and analysis to help students understand the collapse of Tito's Yugoslavia, the causes and effects of the ensuing war, and the aftermath of the.
Yugoslavia at the Olympic Games - Topend Sports.
If Yugoslavia didn't split up, they would have a pretty stacked team. I think they would have a pretty decent chance in the World Cup.
The country broke up under Nazi occupation during World War II with the creation of a Nazi-allied independent Croat state, but was reunified at the end of the war when the communist-dominated partisan force of Josip Broz Tito liberated the country. Following the end of World War II, Yugoslavian unity was a top priority for the U.S. Government. While ostensibly a communist state, Yugoslavia.
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Split is a city on Croatia's west coast. As of 8, October 1991, Croatia is an independent country and no longer a part of Yugoslavia.
Beginning of a dialog window, including tabbed navigation to register an account or sign in to an existing account. Both registration and sign in support using Google and Facebook.
The monarchy's name is changed to Yugoslavia. 1945: After World War II, the monarchy becomes a communist republic under Prime Minister Tito, now called the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia. It was composed of six republics: Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Macedonia, Slovenia, and Montenegro, as well as two provinces, Kosovo and Vojvodina. 1980: Tito's tight rein on Yugoslavia.
Rwanda and Yugoslavia Genocide, Sample of Essays.
After Tito sold the space program to Americans which was not of any use to them and after Kennedy died there was Lindon Johnson and then Nixon who kinda pitched things up. He bombarded the Yugoslav embacy in the US at the time and some other Yugos.
Yugoslavia was a country that existed in southeastern Europe from 1929 to 2003. It was created when several former kingdoms and territories joined together. They became the six republics, or states, of the country of Yugoslavia. Each republic had its own mixture of ethnic groups and religions. Tensions sometimes flared up between the different.
Map of Local Ferries of Dubrovnik, Split and Dalmatian Islands: Split, Dubrovnik and local islands ferry map: This map shows all ferry lines that connect Split and Dubrovnik as well as all Croatian islands near Dubrovnik. All of these charming islands are popular visitors spots where you can spend a day or two exploring the local culture, nature and beaches.
Though postwar Yugoslavia was made up of numerous different ethnic and linguistic groups, its cohesion was balanced like the icing on a cake by the rule of Josip Broz, the head of Yugoslavia's.


Background: Post-surgical pain impacts many patient outcomes. Effective pain management increasingly relies on multimodal analgesia regimens in which acetaminophen (APAP) is a key component. The aim of our study was to examine the impact of oral APAP versus intravenous (IV) APAP as a component of post-surgical pain management after Cesarean sections and hysterectomies.
Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Cerner HealthFacts® database (from January, 2011 to December, 2015) was conducted to compare outcomes of Cesarean section and hysterectomy surgery patients who received oral APAP to those who received IV APAP post-surgically. Length of stay (LOS), daily morphine milligram equivalent (MME) consumption, the presence of potential opioid-related adverse events (ORADEs), and total pharmacy costs were assessed. Adjusted results were derived using inverse probability weighted regression adjustment (IPW-RA) estimators based on covariates that included demographics, comorbidities, patient clinical characteristics, and hospital characteristics.
Results: The study identified 29,124 Cesarean section patients (24,612 oral APAP; 4,512 IV APAP) and 9,767 hysterectomy surgery patients (5,586 oral APAP; 4,181 IV APAP). Compared to the oral APAP group, the IV APAP group had reductions in adjusted LOS (Cesarean section: -11.7% days (P < 0.001), hysterectomy: -11.8% days (P = 0.005)), lowered adjusted daily MME consumption from day 0 to day 3 (Cesarean section: -1.6 mg (P < 0.001), hysterectomy: -1.7 mg (P = 0.014)), and reduced risk of ORADEs for Cesarean sections (relative risk of 0.45, P < 0.001). Total pharmacy costs were not significantly different between the two APAP groups.
Conclusions: Post-surgical pain managed with IV APAP in patients undergoing Cesarean section or hysterectomy was associated with shorter LOS, reduced risk of ORADEs, and lower opioid consumption compared to patients managed with oral APAP, without adversely impacting total pharmacy costs.


Call us about our EGG CSA program!!
click ME!!! Like US ON FACEBOOK!!
At Frillman Farms, we're committed to providing the highest possible quality produce to Chicago and the surrounding suburbs.
Whether you're interested in our freshly harvested honey, amazing eggs, or impressive variety of Heirloom vegetables, we hope to see you on the farm or at the market. Please stop by and say hello! Get to know your local farmer. If you want transparency in your food, it doesn't get much clearer than Frillman Farms. We make sure to put our customers before the chicken or the egg.
STOP Monsanto. Open pollinated Heirloom Varieties give you power!
With more than 25 varieties of beautiful NON-GMO Tomatoes, you can't go wrong!
Our farm is located about 35 minutes outside Chicago's city limits. Find us down on the farm this 2015 season or at Deerfield and Buffalo Grove farmers' markets.
We're expanding rapidly and take pride in our very excited customer base. We hope you stop by!


text:
New Orleans Online Boutique Bats on Tees Rises to the NFL Clear Purse Challenge
New Orleans Entrepreneur Tiffany Napper focuses on cute clear purses and pouches that meet the new NFL guidelines and are made in the USA.
Clear Purse
"Despite the initial negative reaction to the new NFL rules, the Bats on Tees clear purse love has been overwhelmingly positive, from Texas to New York and California. And of course the Louisiana love has been remarkable," says Napper.
New Orleans, LA (PRWEB) August 31, 2013
The theme of growth in New Orleans has reached new heights as local entrepreneurs rise to the occasion in response to the new NFL stadium bag policy. With the regulations in full force, Tiffany Napper, founder of online marketplace Bats on Tees, has experienced high demand and success in providing a variety of clear purses to New Orleans Saints fans and beyond.
"Despite the initial negative reaction to the new NFL rules, the Bats on Tees clear purse love has been overwhelmingly positive, from Texas to New York and California. And of course the Louisiana love has been remarkable," says Napper. "I set out to create a solution that I would be proud to carry, and I am grateful for the ladies across state lines who agree and have shown their support of my boutique business."
Napper, a local publicist for the creative arts, founded Bats on Tees as a collaborative effort to co-create goods with her clients and artist friends. She went on to diversify her line to meet the needs of this season's game goers. Bats on Tees clear purses come with a fashionable pouch that also meets the NFL's regulations of one 4.5" x 6.5" clutch or wallet inside a clear bag or purse. The growing Bats on Tees collection ranges in price from $15 - $100 and is available online at http://www.batsontees.com.
Napper also prides herself on keeping the business practices within the US to support other small businesses and entrepreneurs. "There's nothing more American than football, and we're proud to say our purses and pouches are made in the USA. This is still a very hands on process. We're attaching clasps in my living room and my seamstress is sewing until the wee hours of the morning, but we're trying our best to keep up with demand and relieve any purse-related stress before this season kicks off," said Napper on their development process.
Outside of the web, Napper's clear purse collection has been sold in local galleries through pop up shops hosted by New Orleans art enthusiasts and artists. With the success from impromptu shops and social media engagement, the Bats on Tees clear purses have become available in 8 boutiques in Louisiana and Texas with a growing stockists list that you can see on the website.
Two Pop Up Shops are planned in the New Orleans area: September 7 at Rise located at 3650 Magazine Street and September 21 at BRIO located at 2036 Magazine Street alongside KREWE du Optic Sunglasses and several other local companies. A variety of aesthetic differences in the purses will be available at these upcoming events including new fabric pouches and the option for silver hardware on the crossbody style "Clearly Convertible."
Although Napper has found success with trendy clear purses, she plans to continue Bats on Tees stellar product platform to promote an ongoing line of creative collaborations. The overall goal of Bats on Tees is to create a mutually beneficial outlet for New Orleans artists to showcase their amazing work. With the exposure that the clear purses have received from radio stations and newspapers across the country, the shop's overall vision has the potential to spread handcrafted New Orleans talent past city limits.
For more information on Bats on Tees and all of the upcoming endeavors and products, visit http://www.batsontees.com or follow along on Facebook or Twitter.
Tiffany Napper
Bats on Strings


Search engine optimization (SEO) has come a long way since the days of stuffing whatever keyword you wanted to rank for in your code with the meta keywords tag. Back in the early days, whether your content matched those keywords or not was irrelevant – you could rank with ease. Over the years, we've seen Google (and other search engines) get way smarter about providing a quality search experience for their users – and that means serving quality content from quality sources. But, just because you think SEO can't possibly change anymore because they're nailing all the expertise, authoritativeness, and trustworthiness (EAT) factors, there's more to get ready.
Based on the current landscape, here are three significant themes we can expect to see become trends in SEO for 2019.
Voice search has been on the radar for some time now. As it has grown in popularity, it's become an essential part of any SEO strategy. This year, we expect it to keep growing even faster than it has up to this point since, by 2020, 50% of all searches are supposed to be voice searches. We'll be hearing, "OK Google" around us all the time.
The number of people using voice assistants like Google Home, Apple HomePod, and Amazon Echo, is proliferating. 35.6 million Americans use a voice-activated device at least once a month, and one in six Americans owns a smart speaker.
The increase in voice search is one of the most significant changes we've seen in search engines and SEO so far in the history of the industry. It's something entirely new and different than what we've dealt with in the past and requires a different optimization strategy.
The way you'd search for something on Google's website isn't likely the same way you'd ask about it. The questions people ask are going to be different, so it creates a need to adjust your content if you want it to appear in the search results for the voice queries. Google prefers short answers to voice queries, with the typical result coming in an average of 29 words. There appears to be a strong connection between voice search optimization and featured snippets – or position zero.
When you think of the blockchain, chances are you're thinking about cryptocurrency like Bitcoin. It's an integral part of cryptocurrency but has potential to go far beyond that. Why? Because the blockchain is trying to create both a secure and trustworthy record of transactions. The technology can be used to secure the transactions happening anywhere online, including the connections between website owners and advertisers. Google, in this regard, is the middleman, helping the advertisers and website owners build trust to keep transactions running smoothly.
As it could affect Google's ad revenue, we expect it to impact SEO in general. Other big companies such as Microsoft are already working together with blockchain-based identity systems like ConsenSys and Blockstack Labs to improve services and apps, so we expect to see more of that in the future as well.
Though you can't search Amazon for how to content, it's still a major competitor for Google because of how many products you can find there. Many SEO experts believe we'll see considerable growth in Amazon SEO over the next year.
Nearly ¾ of shoppers use Amazon to find products, in a study across shoppers in the US, UK, Germany, and France. That study also showed 56% of consumers search on Amazon before they even search other sites, including Google. They use it to do more they find everything shoppers need that they would otherwise use Google for, including similar product suggestions, other products they may be interested in, and reviews. They don't need another search engine to help them find what they want or need to buy or to do some research before making a buying decision.
That's a huge threat to Google and their ad revenue. If fewer people are out there using Google to find product information, that could have a significant impact on their advertising and revenue.
When it comes to buying things, people prefer Amazon to Google because it's more convenient, the prices, and ease of shopping, according to BigCommerce's most recent Global Omni-Channel Consumer Shopping Research Report.
There are constant changes in the digital space, and it's no different for the SEO world. Though it's a little scary, it's an exciting time because even though we're not clear on what the future brings, both emerging and older technology affects SEO. If we don't see it happening already, it's likely to start soon.
The team here at SEO, Inc. works hard to anticipate the trends so we can help our clients be ahead of the game before it becomes a must-address issue. Let's talk about how we can bring your business more organic traffic in 2019.


text:
Questions(at)AlterLuxury(dotted)com
Search Available Homes
Thinking of Buying or Selling?
HGTV Show
Flip or Flop Vegas
Home » HGTV Show » Flip or Flop Vegas
Aubrey & Bristol Marunde are the owners of Alter Luxury, and also the new stars of the hit television show "Flip or Flop Vegas" on HGTV.
After only a couple weeks on the air, the show was so popular that Season 2 was picked up by the network. In fact, the network was so impressed with the ratings that they immediately ordered 16 episodes for Season 2, instead of the standard 13 episode season.
Look for new episodes of "Flip or Flop Vegas" in 2018 on HGTV.
Alter Luxury 2831 St. Rose Parkway, Suite 200 Henderson, NV 89052
Copyright 2023 ALTER LUXURY. All Rights Reserved. Sitemap. Real Estate Website Design by Agent Image


Revisiting the blocking force test on ferroelectric ceramics using high energy x-ray diffraction.
Domain switching in rhombohedral PZT ceramics under electrical and mechanical loading.
This list was generated on Tue Apr 23 00:44:55 2019 CEST.


text:
using System;

namespace DotSpatial.Data
{
    /// <summary>
    /// An exception that is specifically fo the NumberConverter class.
    /// </summary>
    public class NumberException : Exception
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// Initializes a new instance of the <see cref="NumberException"/> class.
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="message">The message for the exception.</param>
        public NumberException(string message)
            : base(message)
        {
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Tathra trawalla är en insektsart som beskrevs av Otte, D. och R.D. Alexander 1983. Tathra trawalla ingår i släktet Tathra och familjen syrsor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Syrsor
trawalla

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


LEGO bricks are amazing little parts that can bring to life almost anything you can imagine. There are many reasons to build — some people do it to relax, some to impress, and some are artists who love to sculpt with bricks as a medium. Regardless of the reasons, we can all agree that for those of us that just prefer to follow instructions, it can be delightful to still have a chance to build a few of these custom creations. For the designers, creating instructions is an effort that needs to be commended, as it a great deal of takes time and patience. Today, we're recognizing some of the builders who shared instructions of their fantastic creations that were most popular in 2018 with readers of The Brothers Brick.
Great cars never go out of style. With the introduction of the Creator Series Aston Martin, it was only a matter of time until we saw its cousin on a smaller scale. Of the lot that we featured, this seems to be the best, with a video to show how we could build our very own.
The tiny typewriter is a great example of how something so visually appealing can be made with the most basic of bricks. It's so cute it could even be a great gift idea for a friend who loves to write, or a budding author.
Builds inspired by nature are always a challenge with LEGO parts. This particular creation keeps it simple and elegant with the limited range of pieces available in sand blue.
Back in April, with the building skills of TBB contributor Daniel, we pulled off an amazing work of mischief that fooled quite a number folks out there. Everyone wanted to build the BrickHeadz version of Trump, and Daniel kindly created instructions for all to enjoy.
T47 Speeders are best known for taking down towering AT-AT's, and we love having them around even in the tiniest of scale. It's a nice reminder to know that size doesn't matter when you're up against a superior foe. It doesn't matter how big you are, the smallest of your enemies may bring you down.
Wait, another T-47 Snowspeeder? It must be the Star Wars bug going around. It's nice to know that this version is built in minifigure-scale, showing just how small the snowspeeder really is. It looks just as great and sleek. Where do I sign up to pilot one of these?
For those of us that have a little vintage blood in us, this vintage Bugatti is simply a winner even before the engines are warmed up. What's not to love about a racecar that lets you feel the wind in your hair when you take it for a spin?
Just about any LEGO list wouldn't be complete if it didn't have the Millennium Falcon somewhere in the lineup. This little build comes with its very own stand to make your falcon poseable in various directions. I'd say Chewie would approve of this feature! GwarrrRrrrrr! Rrrrr!
Our most popular build with instructions goes to the one and only Dark Knight's classic Batmobile from the 1989 movie. It's an outstanding replica of a tiny build and a marvelous shot of nostalgia.
There you have it, our Top 10 custom LEGO creations with free instructions. If you haven't built these, it's as good a time as any to give it a go. And if you're feeling creative, why not create something and share the instructions for the world to enjoy!
I'm always greatful for people who kindly put their effort in creating instructions of cool mocs. That batmobile for instance is wonderful, sharing the instructions with others is such a kind thing to do. This top 10 is great, thanks! I love how you guys care about the community.


The World Bank has said it is ready to move with a programmne of support for the government, host communities and Rohingyas to cope with their huge entry into Bangladesh, reports UNB. "We appreciate that Bangladesh is supporting the Rohingya people as it works diligently to reduce poverty and increase prosperity," said Annette Dixon, Vice President at the World Bank for the South Asia Region, during his meeting with Finance Minister AMA Muhith on Wednesday. The World Bank Vice President also said, "While we hope the refugees can safely return home soonit's important that the international community support them and the host communities in the near term with basic services. We'll do everything we can to provide that support." The World Bank said while Bangladesh has kept its door open to the refugee influx, its ability to provide for them has been stretched, as the country struggles with its own poverty challenges. The value of the World Bank investment has yet to be decided but the programme of support could include expanding access to health, education, water, sanitation, and roads. Finance Minister AMA Muhith said the situation has affected Bangladesh greatly and is still evolving with new refugees arriving every day. "We're especially thankful for the strength and generosity of the Bangladeshi people. However, the scale of the needs requires a global humanitarian and development response, and we look forward to the World Bank's support," he said. The government of Bangladesh can tap into a new and innovative World Bank financing instrument, the special window for refugees of the International Development Association (IDA), the World Bank's fund for the poorest.


text:
<?php

namespace Notamedia\ConsoleJedi\Cache\Command;

use Bitrix\Main\Application;
use Bitrix\Main\Data\Cache;
use Bitrix\Main\Data\StaticHtmlCache;
use Notamedia\ConsoleJedi\Application\Command\BitrixCommand;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputOption;
use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;

/**
 * Command for clear Bitrix cache.
 *
 * @author Nik Samokhvalov <nik@samokhvalov.info>
 */
class ClearCommand extends BitrixCommand
{
    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function configure()
    {
        $this->setName('cache:clear')
            ->setDescription('Clear all cache')
            ->addOption('dir', 'd', InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Clear cache only for directory (relative from /bitrix/cache/)')
            ->addOption('tag', 't', InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED, 'Clear cache by tag');
    }

    /**
     * {@inheritdoc}
     */
    protected function execute(InputInterface $input, OutputInterface $output)
    {
        $dir = $input->getOption('dir');
        $tag = $input->getOption('tag');
        $cache = Cache::createInstance();

        if (empty($dir) && empty($tag)) {
            Application::getInstance()->getManagedCache()->cleanAll();
            $cache->cleanDir();
            $cache->cleanDir(false, 'stack_cache');
            StaticHtmlCache::getInstance()->deleteAll();

            if (Cache::clearCache(true)) {
                $output->writeln('<info>All Bitrix cache was deleted</info>');
            } else {
                $output->writeln('<error>Error deleting Bitrix cache</error>');
            }
        }

        if ($dir) {
            $cache->cleanDir($dir);
            $output->writeln('<info>Bitrix cache by "/' . BX_ROOT . '/cache/' . $dir . '" dir was deleted</info>');
        }

        if ($tag) {
            Application::getInstance()->getTaggedCache()->clearByTag($tag);
            $output->writeln('<info>Bitrix cache by tag "' . $tag . '" was deleted</info>');
        }
    }
}


Financial Technology (FinTech or fintech) is the new technology and innovation that aims to compete with traditional finance methods in the delivery of financial services. It consists of the use of smartphones for mobile banking and investment services. Examples of technologies aiming to make financial services more accessible and time-saving to the general public are Ali Pay and WeChat Pay widely used in China and now in Australia.
Bitcoin is a digital currency, also known as a cryptocurrency because of the cryptographic algorithms on which it is based. Bitcoin is already transforming the way in which businesses interact both across international borders and in Australia. Part of the appeal of using Bitcoin for business-to-business transactions is the reduced transaction costs and tax implications. Some Bitcoin advocates argue that Bitcoin will eventually transform industries and continue to become more accepted internationally.
Financial Technology law is one of the most complex areas of law. Salerno Law's financial technology law specialists pay close attention to the details of every case, provide you with specialist advice and understand the importance of your matter.
Our lawyers are motivated, qualified, and experienced in providing cost-effective solutions to financial technology and cryptocurrency matters. We deliver better returns at lower costs for both our Australia based clients and internationals clients. Through operating seven days a week, we are able to assist at any given time.
Salerno Law is proud to be one of the first law firms that accept cryptocurrencies as a form of payment for legal services. Salerno Law can accept Bitcoin and Ethereum as a form of payment for services.
Salerno Law believes in the innovation cryptocurrencies bring, and maintain that cryptocurrencies are "all part of the online world now".
Financial technology and cryptocurrency matters are often complicated. These matters deserve individual attention from financial technology and cryptocurrency law practitioners. Book a consultation with Salerno Law to speak with a financial technology or cryptocurrency professional. Call us on +61 8 9169 2206 to get in touch with our WA office or +61 7 5575 8011 to reach our QLD office.


text:
Beto O'Rourke to teach on democracy and campaigning at University of Texas this spring
Beto O'Rourke, the former El Paso City Council member, U.S. congressman, and Senate and presidential candidate, is about to earn another title: professor.
O'Rourke will teach a seminar about the struggle for voting rights in Texas at the LBJ School of Public Affairs at the University of Texas starting in January, O'Rourke and school officials told the American-Statesman.
The class, titled Texas Democracy and the Fight for Representation, will examine democracy in action, Texas legislative policy and executive power, and the history of voter rights and voter participation in the state — while also unpacking the running of a political campaign in Texas.
O'Rourke said he wants to examine the tension in Texas, where a state that produced Lyndon Baines Johnson, signer of the federal Voting Rights Act of 1965, also remains in 2020, despite a historic turnout, "one of most restrictive states in terms of voter participation."
"There are no sidelines in a democracy," O'Rourke said in an interview. "Part of the price of being an American is your expectation to participate — civically, in front of the school board, voting in a presidential election. For young people, time and again, inside and outside of official power, they're able to move this country ultimately to do the right thing — though it can take a long time and be frustratingly slow."
LBJ officials said the school will decide by lottery the 16 graduate students who get to enroll in the class — out of a little more than 300 graduate students overall. In keeping with pandemic protocols, the class will be held via Zoom.
O'Rourke is "uniquely positioned to speak to the practical and current challenges in public affairs," said David Springer, acting dean of the LBJ School. "We know that a good many of our students are interested in a life in the political arena and a life of public service, so we think there's going to be great interest in this course."
In addition to the course, O'Rourke, a Democrat who rocketed to national fame in his narrowly unsuccessful campaign to unseat U.S. Sen. Ted Cruz, R-Texas, will convene at least a pair of bipartisan forums, online and open to the public, about policymaking and politics.
O'Rourke told the Statesman that the texts in the class he will teach will include Alexander Keyssar's "The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States"; a biography of Lawrence Nixon, a Black El Paso physician who successfully challenged in the U.S. Supreme Court in the 1920s a Texas law that denied African-Americans the right to vote in the Democratic primary; and the late Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's dissent in the 2013 Shelby County v. Holder case, a 2013 U.S. Supreme Court decision that rendered a key section of the Voting Rights Act all but useless.
In her opinion, Ginsburg pointed to continued efforts to discriminate in Texas, among other places, writing that "throwing out preclearance" — the requirement that certain historically discriminatory areas get federal approval before making changes to their voting laws — "when it has worked and is continuing to work to stop discriminatory changes is like throwing away your umbrella in a rainstorm because you are not getting wet."
Part of the course, naturally, will turn to campaigning.
O'Rourke, who famously connected with record numbers of Texas voters in 2018 — especially younger ones, said the course will discuss "what it's like to start a campaign and run for office."
"One of the things I hope to do is demystify it," he said, explaining that he will speak about his own experience running for El Paso City Council. "There's no secret handshake and no necessary magic on the part of the candidate — the basics are actually pretty simple."
Along these lines, the students will read and discuss a letter of advice from the Roman orator Cicero to his younger brother about running for office.
"This 2,000-year-old text — we're going to read because the fundamentals still apply," O'Rourke said. "The Facebook ads, the broadcast TV spots, the slick mailers — from my perspective, a lot of that is just interference and is a poor substitute for the basics of political campaigning, which essentially call for you to meet the people you want to serve and represent, and have a chance to hear from them and understand what their expectations are, and then do your best to meet them."
O'Rourke will be paid $10,000 for the graduate course, comparable to the standard rate for adjunct assistant professors at the LBJ School, said school spokeswoman Victoria Yu. He will also be paid $10,000 to convene at least two public forums.
He is also scheduled to teach an online course on politics at Texas State University in the spring, the university newspaper reported in October.
That class, O'Rourke told the Statesman, will be an undergraduate course that will be a broader overview of state politics, with an eye to historical movements — such as a farmers alliance that came out of Lampasas — as well as figures and institutions.
And will he be running for governor in 2022?
"I have no plans to run for any office," O'Rourke told the Statesman. "I'm focused on teaching, and that's what I'll be spending my time doing."


Enough about me, let's get to this weeks Friday Favorites and see what flipped my switch.
Do you have trouble finding lipsticks you like? I do. My lips are a weird color and I have to prime them before adding any color to them. I hate buying a new lipstick only to try it once and find it's a funky color on me. I received a sample size Stila Stay All Day Liquid Lipstick in one of my Birchbox boxes and I am loving it. It has some real staying power. I found a couple on clearance on the Rack website and ordered this one in 'Angelo' and it's a great neutral in a matte finish. My other favorite long wear liquid lip color is a Kat Von D and it wears like iron too.
For Kent's birthday I got him some Polo cologne. I know I may be showing my his age and it's kinda old fashion, but it's still good stuff. He wore this many moons ago and it's always been a favorite of mine. He's also a cologne sponge and fragrances seem to disappear easily, but Polo hangs in there for hours.
These jeans are good, like really good. Rockstar jeans are so comfortable and come in a great variety of styles, colors, distressed and non-distressed. Something for everyone and such a great price point.
Kellyann and I also took advantage of the Nickel & Suede Buy 1 Give 1 promotion last month and each bought a different pair of earrings and then swapped our extra pairs so we both got two new colors. #smartthinking The blush ones (size medium) are what she ordered and they look like they were made to go with this top and I guess we weren't the only people who loved them, because #theysoldout I am developing quite a collection of N&S earrings. They are so comfortable, lightweight and cute. You can't go wrong.
P.S. I'm wearing the new Stila Liquid Lip in this picture.
Last month Rodan + Fields launched a new product that is taking the beauty industry by storm. I don't know if you've ever noticed that Rodan + Fields doesn't advertise, but that's because we don't have to. Our products are sold through word of mouth. They actually used to be in high-end department stores like Nordstrom and when the Dr's realized it wasn't the women behind the counters selling them, but customers were telling their friends, they took them out of the stores and began marketing through direct sales.
😃 Why am I so excited about this product??
I believe in this so much that I am sharing my naked face with you. Here's my before and after using Radiant Defense in Sand.
I've been wearing the Radiant Defense for a few days and I love it. I've never been a foundation wearing kind of girl, but this is lighter, goes on easily and is good for my skin. I typically have an oily T-zone and I was worried this might add to that, and I've been pleasantly surprised that that has not been an issue.
And here's why we don't have to advertise, the products are so good major publications are doing it for us.
We have a really cool tool to help figure out which shade is right for you (and honestly you can probably go between 2-3 shades). Click here and try it for yourself.
Interested? Just let me know and I'd love to get you started with skincare. There's no better time to take care of you than now.
Yesterday I had the opportunity to help in the children's department at bible study for a bit. I got to love on precious baby Ellie. She was so sweet. I've always been a baby person and it's been a while since I've had the chance to cuddle a little one. I think the smile on my face tells you everything you need to know about how I felt.
We've got tickets to see "A Star Is Born" on Sunday and I'm super excited. I have a feeling it will be a favorite next week. Hope y'all have a great weekend!


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The first private citizen on moon flight has been announced
Alyse Wax
@alysewax
Tag: BFR
Tag: SpaceX
If you were dreaming of being the first private citizen in space... you've been beaten to it.
SpaceX CEO Elon Musk announced today that Yusaku Maezawa will be the first private passenger to fly around the moon. The Japanese billionaire is the founder and CEO of Japanese fashion retailer Zozo.
More BFR
Elon Musk keeps teasing the awesomeness of his futuristic Starship launch system
SpaceX may be sending tourists to the moon, but they won't be moonwalking
The flight, set for 2023, will launch from Kennedy Space Center, in the Big Falcon Spaceship (BFS) which will be part of the Big Falcon Rocket (BFR) booster. Both Falcons are currently still in development, so hopefully this will not be a rerun of SpaceX's 2017 plan to take private citizens into space. That flight, set for 2020, was cancelled because the company didn't want to spend the resources certifying those rockets for human travel.
The BFS is said to be able to hold 100 passengers. Maezawa, an avid art collector, plans to bring six to eight artists with him. He has not selected the artists, so now is your chance to get an invite to space: become a celebrated artist, become friends with Maezawa, and maybe mention that you are inspired by space and want to paint the universe up close. Maezawa is calling this the "Dear Moon Project," so it sounds like he is hoping to get some new art out of this.
Source: NBC News
Video of Actual Astronauts Answer Your Questions | SYFY WIRE


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Šang-čchuan (čínsky 上川岛 pchin-jin Shàng chuān dǎo, portugalsky Sanchoão), též Ostrov Svatého Jana (portugalsky Ilha São João) je jeden z ostrovů Čchuan-šanského souostroví v Jihočínském moři. Je vzdálen 14km od čínské pevniny. Ze správního pohledu je součástí provincie Kuang-tung. Má přibližně 16 tisíc obyvatel. 3. prosince 1552 na ostrově zemřel svatý František Xaverský.

Externí odkazy

Ostrovy Jihočínského moře
Ostrovy Číny
Geografie Kuang-tungu


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Here's a taste of it to give you an idea of the argument.
Conservatives shouldn't fret about the politics of their nearly-presumptive nominee. Mitt Romney will most certainly govern as one of them. He's guaranteed to — for the exact reason they think he won't.
If Romney really is the political animal his detractors on the right suspect him to be, he'll shape his presidency with a single goal: Winning a second term. To do that, he will need to make sure there is no running room on his right for someone to launch a primary challenge.
Because there is no worse sound for a president than the pitter-patter of a fratricide-minded opponent from the same party creeping up behind him.
But I think Romney's instincts, whatever compromises he made to run The People's Democratic Republic of Massachusetts are basically conservative.
I hope you'll get a chance to take a look.
It's about Obama's loss of political acumen. Take a look if you like.
It's a well thought out evaluation of what MrRomney must do if elected President.
The comments: wow. Romney is a draft dodger? and hates Jesus.
The Obots are really touchy nowadays.
Reading that article, it clearly states that the czar was "among" a group of advisers.when seeking advice, many people from all different stripes and opinions offer it. The biggest difference is that O actually made the man a czar with possible serious consequences to America. Romney, on the other hand, had him in a group where the advice could be used or dismissed..
You have made very valid points. Unfortunately, when a group is bound and determined to paint Romney with the "liberal" brush, they don't look any farther than they want to look. They only look for what they want to find.
I agree wholeheartedly…Our paper printed some Gerson slop about how he lacked humanity–he gives more than 10% of his money to the poor, helped his wife through three horrible illnesses, his kids are not juvenile delinquents, he put his Bain co on hold to help an employee whose kid was kidnapped and he has actually helped AMERICA–the Olympics, hiring people, stabilizing companies and jobs that could be saved, etc. His worst vice is choc milk.
Paul Ryan was on with Laura Ingraham last night and gave Romney the thumbs up. Ryan's endorsement is good enough for me.
Good article Keith, thanks. MarchHare made some relevant observations and came to the same conclusion. The "draft dodger" comments were disconcerting. Mitt went on his missionary to France in 1969….was that draft dodging? I think not. At least he had a legitimate draft card!
I remember those days. It was not a negative to find a legitimate way to avoid the draft back then. And Mormons of a certain age are obliged to do a mission. It is a part of their faith. Not sure that is "draft dodging". Those missions only last 2 years. He certainly could have been drafted, if necessary, after he returned.
Plus, from 1992-2000 we were told over and over that dodging the draft was no big deal.
It makes too much sense . . . except for the people who are just bound and determined to believe the lies that the left wants us to believe about Romney. They are falling hook, line and sinker.
By no stretch of the imagination am I a Romney fan, but you are totally correct that he would govern far more conservatively than most give him credit for. And does anyone really think he'd govern near or to the left of the current president? Hardly!
There are some good points there. Let me just ask, though, why is it that if Romney breaks his promises, he will lose his backing and yet, Obama has done the most miserable job of any one. He is a bigger flip flopper than Kerry ever was. If one is going to be held to the task, then make both. Otherwise, you succumb to LSM standards.
The MSM are not holding Obama to ANY standard. They have turned a blind eye to all of his negativities. They haven't even made one demand for him to release his personal records. We know more about Romney than we do about Obama and Obama is in the White House. That is frightening.
I believe that if Romney has a very conservative congress to deal with, he'll go along with them. That may be the best way to push him to the right. i don't think he'd go against a Republican congress.
As a Romney supporter since Rick Perry dropped out, I have come to the same conclusion.
He will govern as a conservative.


There's a quick little ditty about raising the speed limit in Texas to a whopping 85 mph in the Paper Of Record this week. It quotes some local politicos as they talk with a certain puckish pride of these new autobahn-worthy speed limits. It details that Texan spirit of just-wanna-get-there, and includes a yarn about Governor Rick Perry getting pulled over a few years ago outside Austin when he was Lieutenant Governor. It mentions the almost incomprehensible size of the state and the vast stretches of nothingness between the big cities.
Cute. But what it doesn't mention is any kind of data to indicate how dangerous such new speed limits are.
This isn't difficult in the internet age. With a couple of clicks and the right words entered into Google, one can come up with a range of popular news pieces as well as scholarly articles about the actual, known dangers of such high speed limits. There's a lot of data out there to pluck off the tree. NYT couldn't even give a nod to this? I mean, if you're going put up a postcard about a fantastic speed limit--even if it's mostly intended to be a puff piece--don't you think it might be important to consider an obvious implication of the change? And we haven't even talked about gas consumption.
Not every article has to be a grim humorless slog through public policy. But one sentence about the potential dangers (not speculation, but the objectively known data!) of moving the speed limit well above where it was one generation ago doesn't seem to me to be too much to ask.


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Cándido García Molyneux
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Cándido García Molyneux provides clients with regulatory, policy and strategic advice on EU environmental and product safety legislation. He helps clients influence EU legislation and guidance and comply with requirements in an efficient manner, representing them before the EU Courts and institutions.
Cándido co-chairs the firm's Environmental Practice Group.
Cándido has a deep knowledge of EU requirements on chemicals, circular economy and waste management, climate change, energy efficiency, renewable energies as well as their interrelationship with specific product categories and industries, such as electronics, cosmetics, healthcare products, and more general consumer products.
In addition, Cándido has particular expertise on EU institutional and trade law, and the import of food products into the EU. Cándido also regularly advises clients on Spanish food and drug law.
Cándido is described by Chambers Europe as being "creative and frighteningly smart." His clients note that "he has a very measured, considered, deliberative manner," and that "he has superb analytical and writing skills."
Contact: Read more about Cándido García MolyneuxEmail
Sixteen Changes of the Upcoming EU General Product Safety Regulation
By Cándido García Molyneux, Anna Oberschelp de Meneses & Lucas Falco on January 20, 2023
Posted in EU Law and Regulatory
The European Parliament and Council are about to formally adopt a General Product Safety Regulation ("GPSR"), which will repeal and replace the General Product Safety Directive 2001/95 ("GPSD")Just like the GPSD, the GPSR sets out the basic rules on the safety of products placed on, or made available in, the EU market and intended for, or likely to be used by, consumers. While the GPSR builds on the existing legal framework of the GPSD it introduces several changes and new requirements that aim to enhance the protection of consumer's health and safety, and adapt its requirements to new technologies.
This blog post outlines 16 changes and new requirements that the GPSR introduces and that industry should carefully take into consideration.
Changes Introduced by the GPSR
The GPSR will introduce the following 16 changes:…
Continue Reading Sixteen Changes of the Upcoming EU General Product Safety Regulation
EU Publishes Draft Cyber Resilience Act
By Mark Young, Cándido García Molyneux, Bart Szewczyk, Anna Oberschelp de Meneses & Lucas Falco on September 19, 2022
Posted in Cybersecurity, EU Law and Regulatory
On September 15, 2022, the European Commission published a draft regulation that sets out cybersecurity requirements for "products with digital elements" (PDEs) placed on the EU market—the Cyber Resilience Act (CRA). The Commission has identified that cyberattacks are increasing in the EU, with an estimated global annual cost of €5.5 trillion. The CRA aims to strengthen the security of PDEs and imposes obligations that cover:
the planning, design, development, production, delivery and maintenance of PDEs;
the prevention and handling of cyber vulnerabilities; and
the provision of cybersecurity information to users of PDEs.
The CRA also imposes obligations to report any actively exploited vulnerability as well as any incident that impacts the security of a PDE to ENISA within 24 hours of becoming aware of it.
The obligations apply primarily to manufacturers of PDEs, which include entities that develop or manufacture PDEs as well as entities that outsource the design, development and manufacturing to a third party. Importers and distributors of PDEs also need to ensure that the products comply with CRA's requirements.…
Continue Reading EU Publishes Draft Cyber Resilience Act
Ukraine's EU Accession Process
By Péter Balás, Cándido García Molyneux & Bart Szewczyk on July 15, 2022
Posted in EU Law and Regulatory, Ukraine
In late June, the European Council (leaders from the 27 EU Member States) granted Ukraine and Moldova the status of "candidate countries" for EU membership, and promised Georgia the same once it meets certain conditions. What are the practical consequences of this seminal decision?
In short, the process of preparing for membership in the European Union is fundamentally political and tailored to each specific country and historical moment. For instance, no country in the EU's history had to simultaneously wage war to defend its homeland and independence while on the accession path. Although there are various precedents, accession criteria, pre-existing funding streams, and established processes, the scale, type, and duration of benefits available to Ukraine from the EU accession path will be unique. As important as the psychological boost to Ukraine from the EU's political signal, the tangible benefits from Ukraine's candidacy status will be invaluable.
Historical Precedents
Notwithstanding four earlier rounds of enlargement in the 1970s-1990s (Denmark, Ireland, UK, Greece, Portugal, Spain, Austria, Finland, and Sweden), significant EU pre-accession funding started with the enlargement process across Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) after the end of the Cold War. The first major program, PHARE (Poland and Hungary Assistance for Restructuring their Economies), launched in 1989 to cover these two countries and soon expanded to eight other candidate countries to prepare them for EU membership. It distributed about €16 billion between 1990 and 2006. There were also two targeted funding programs for the environment and transport (ISPA) as well as agriculture (SAPARD), which distributed an additional €5 billion.…
Continue Reading Ukraine's EU Accession Process
European Commission Opens Public Consultation to Define Selection Criteria for Renewable Energy Projects Eligible of EU Funding
By Carole Maczkovics & Cándido García Molyneux on November 9, 2021
Posted in Energy Law, EU Law and Regulatory, Renewable Energy
The European Commission seeks stakeholders' feedback until 18 November on its proposal to define cross-border projects in the field of renewable energy generation that would be eligible to receive EU funding under Connecting European Facility instrument.
In July 2021, the European Union adopted its Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) program for the period 2021-2027 worth EUR…
Twelve Things to Know About the Upcoming EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
By Cándido García Molyneux, Péter Balás & Paul Mertenskötter on June 16, 2021
The European Commission is currently discussing a draft of a proposal for a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism ("CBAM") Regulation that it is expected to present on July 14, 2021. A CBAM was already announced in the European Commission's Communication for a Green Deal and is intended to protect the EU's domestic industry that is at risk of carbon leakage—to create a level playing field—and to serve as a policy tool to encourage third countries to reduce their greenhouse gas ("GHG") emissions.
The CBAM draft proposal is subject to intense negotiations among the different Directorates-General of the European Commission, and it is likely that it will be amended several times before the Commission finally presents it on July 14. Nevertheless, the draft already suggests that the CBAM proposal will require importers of covered goods into the EU to purchase and surrender a number of CBAM certificates that reflect the goods' embedded emissions. In line with the European Parliament's resolution, the CBAM would be linked to the EU Emissions Trading System ("EU ETS") as the price of the CBAM certificates would reflect the average price of the ETS allowances.
Continue Reading Twelve Things to Know About the Upcoming EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
New Licensing Regulations to Import Agricultural Products into the EU: What Traders Should Know to Avoid Missing Quota Allocations in 2021
By Cándido García Molyneux & Paul Mertenskötter on August 28, 2020
Posted in EU Law and Regulatory, Regulatory, Trade Agreements
As of January 2021, many imports and exports of agricultural products covered by EU tariff quotas will be subject to the new licensing rules of Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2020/760 ("Delegated Regulation") and Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/761 ("Implementing Regulation") (together, "Licensing Regulations" or "Regulations"). The new Regulations introduce significant changes to – and are…
European Union Justice Commissioner Commits to Regulation on Corporate Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence
By Cándido García Molyneux, Ian Redfearn, Sinéad Oryszczuk, Hannah Edmonds-Camara & Paul Mertenskötter on May 7, 2020
Posted in EU Law and Regulatory, Human Rights
"Businesses that have better risk mitigation processes across their supply chains cause less harm to people… Good environmental, social, and governance practices pay off… We need to make sure that responsible business conduct and sustainable supply chains become the norm."
EU Commissioner for Justice, Didier Reynders, April 29, 2020
On April 29, 2020, in a webinar hosted by the European Parliament's Responsible Business Conduct Working Group, EU Commissioner for Justice Didier Reynders announced that the European Commission (the "Commission") will move swiftly to introduce regulation on mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence for companies, with its legislative proposal to the European Parliament and Council expected in the first quarter of next year.
In this alert, we provide an overview of the comments and commitments made by Commissioner Reynders against the backdrop of the recently published Study on Due Diligence Requirements Through the Supply Chain (the "Study"), which considered possible EU-wide regulatory interventions relating to human rights and environmental due diligence, and which provides the impetus for the Commissioner's announcement.
Consultations to inform the Commission's legislative proposal are expected to start in the coming weeks, so we also set out some initial factors that commercial organizations operating in the European Union may want to consider as they seek to engage with this policy process.
Background: the Study
Commissioner Reynders's presentation centered around the findings of the Study, which was published in late February and conducted by an expert panel that included representatives of the British Institute of International and Comparative Law, the London School of Economics and Political Science, and Civic Consulting, a public policy consultancy.
The Study involved: (i) a detailed examination of existing regulations and proposals for supply chain due diligence requirements, as well as market practices; (ii) the development of four general options for regulatory interventions at the EU level; and (iii) an assessment of the potential impact of these four options, based also on stakeholders' perceptions of the different regulatory interventions.
In high-level terms, the Study identified and evaluated the following four options:
Option 1—No EU level policy change: This option would not involve any harmonized EU level regulatory intervention. The Study indicates that this option would be likely to result in a "patchwork" of due diligence expectations across the EU, as there are pending proposals or campaigns for mandatory human rights and environmental due diligence laws in 13 European countries, of which 11 are EU Member States.
Continue Reading European Union Justice Commissioner Commits to Regulation on Corporate Human Rights and Environmental Due Diligence
Climate Change: The EU Moves Toward a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
By Péter Balás, Cándido García Molyneux & Paul Mertenskötter on March 11, 2020
Last week, the European Commission took a major step to implement the climate aspects of its European Green Deal. It presented a proposal for a European Climate Law and two consultations on its announced Climate Pact and Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism ("CBAM").
The European Commission intends to present a proposal for a CBAM by…


I was just wondering if you could help me please.
We have had 4 goldfish (3 fan tails) for about a month now, and for the last two days I have noticed that something is wrong with 1 Gill of one of them (I have attached pictures below).
Unfortunately, as I am writing this on behalf of my parents, I do not have the parameters of the tank/size of the tank etc. to hand, however, I would very much appreciate an opinion on the following please. I have researched online and I cannot tell whether it is due to infection or possible just an incomplete gill that we had never noticed before.
It looks red with a bit of white "fraying". The other gill is fine and there hasn't been any attacks from the other fish to my knowledge.
I usually reply by email when sick fish are involved due to the urgency.
Could you please supply your e-mail address.
Also, I didn't get any photo attachments.
In the meantime get the fish into a 0.3% salt bath (3-4 grams of salt per liter) using un-iodized cooking salt.
Add the salt gradually over several hours.


Congratulations Holly! You can be sure that your Loved Ones HAVE seen and are proud of you. What higher degree did you complete?
Give them time...talk to them... Your sign(s) may be subtle ones. I call my Loved Ones - "My Gang" and they send me coins (usually dimes) or they use Mother Nature in different ways. But I can't stress enough about talking to them and ASKING for a sign.