text:
Václav HAVEL, former President of the Czech Republic
Václav Havel, (Czech, born in Prague, 5 October 1936 - died 18 December 2011) was a playwright and essayist, as well as a prominent dissident during the Communist era. He was one of the founders of Charter 77 and of VONS (the Committee for the Defence of the Unjustly Prosecuted). In 1989, he became the last President of Czechoslovakia and, later, President of the Czech Republic (1993 - 2003).
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Inauguration of the Vaclav Havel building: extracts from the ceremony in...
Tribute to Václav HAVEL, former President of Czech Republic by Martin SCHULZ,...
Vaclav HAVEL and the European Parliament
Celebration of the 20th anniversary of Democratic Change in Central and...
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Inauguration of the Havel building by Antonio TAJANI - EP President and...
Press conference on Presentation of 'The Václav Havel European Academy'
Visit of Vaclav HAVEL, President of Czechoslovakia at the European Parliament...
Vaclav HAVEL, Czech Republic President, during a plenary session in...
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text:
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez wants one-on-one meeting with Nancy Pelosi to hash out Democratic rift
nydailynews - 2019-07-17T14:25:57.000Z
President Trump may just have succeeded in driving feuding Democrats into each others' arms. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-Queens) says she has contacted Nancy Pelosi's office to set up a one-on-one meeting — and the House Speaker's staff is working to organize a sit-down. AOC told CBS that
Read this story at nydailynews
Nancy Pelosi: Remark about Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, freshman Democrats 'statement of fact'
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 'race card' in Nancy Pelosi feud rejected by black Democrats
Nancy Pelosi lectures Democrats and urges against a Twitter civil war amid a feud with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez
by Business Insider
Pelosi's office, Ocasio-Cortez working to schedule one-on-one meeting
by CNN
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez shouldn't insult Nancy Pelosi. She should learn from her
by The Independent
The Point: What is Nancy Pelosi's deal with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez?
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez plays race card against Nancy Pelosi
Bernie Sanders sides with Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez in Nancy Pelosi feud
Why Nancy Pelosi Keeps Clashing With Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez & Other Freshmen Congresswomen
Nancy Pelosi says if Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and "The Squad" are offended by her scolding, it's "up to them"
by Newsweek
Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 'should treat Nancy Pelosi with respect': Trump
Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez claims that Nancy Pelosi is deliberately inciting death threats
From nydailynews

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Measuring Guides stopped working. It used to work fine.
I have tried holding the command key however it is still not working. I'm using Affinity designer version 1.6.1 on my mac. I'm facing the same issue with Affinity Photo. Any advise?
You need to have an object selected otherwise the measuring guides will not appear.
Thanks for your reply. I am selecting and object while pressing the command key and pointing to the other object; however, the measuring guides are not appearing. Again it used to work in the past.
You can check the screen shot.
Thanks for the screenshot. Turn off Force Pixel Alignment and it should work. This is due to a bug in the program that's already logged to be looked at. I'm sorry for the trouble.


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Q: How to do a pivot on the oracle database with field type varchar2 I am newbie to Oracle but have worked on mysql previously. We have migrated the database from mysql to oracle and want help in this scenario.
I have  table in the oracle 10g which is in the following format:
student_id  student_key student_value
----------  ----------- -------------
         1  name        john
         2  name        bill
         1  age         28
         2  age         26
         2  result      pass

now i want to create a pivot on it so i use the following query:
select student_id, decode(student_key, 'name', student_Value, null) as  studentName
from student_table

the output comes as
student_id studentName
---------- -----------
1          john
1          null
2          bill
2          null
2          null

A: Oracle 11 has specialized PIVOT functionality (a nice introduction is here), but 10g doesn't. Here's how to do it in 10g:
SELECT
  student_id,
  MAX(CASE WHEN student_key = 'name' THEN student_value END) AS StudentName,
  MAX(CASE WHEN student_key = 'age' THEN student_value END) AS Age,
  MAX(CASE WHEN student_key = 'result' THEN student_value END) AS Result
FROM myTable
GROUP BY student_id

As with the Oracle PIVOT command, you need to know the number of output columns ahead of time.
Also note that MAX is used because we're rolling rows up to columns, which means we have to group, which means we need an aggregate function, so why not MAX? If you use MIN instead of MAX you'll get the same results.

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Mid-Atlantic Review, Week 10
By D3soccer.com Contributor
The selections are in. Automatic Qualifiers earned it this weekend and the At-Large Bids had to wait it out. Some feel snubbed, others hope to be Cinderella. Let's take a look back at last week's conference playoff action and let you know which Mid-Atlantic teams are in and where they're headed.
Johns Hopkins (17-2-0 / 10-0-0) D3Soccer.com No. 3 / MA Region No. 1
The new No. 1 in the Mid-Atlantic Region Hopkins scored two first half goals to oust Dickinson (11-4-4 / 5-2-3) from the Centennial Conference playoffs in their semifinal matchup Saturday afternoon in Baltimore. Freshman Rachel Jackson and graduate student Michelle Santangelo scored goals just over a minute of each other to take a 2-0 lead. The Red Devils scored a late first half goal to get back in the game, but sophomore Mizuho Obayashi added an insurance goal early in the second half to thwart any attempts at a comeback. The Blue Jay defense contained any and all Red Devil attacks for the remainder of the contest. Hopkins outshot Dickinson 16-4 (11-2 SOG) and led in corners 12-1. The Blue Jays moved on to the championship game against Swarthmore Sunday afternoon, hosting the Garnet on Homewood Field.
The Blue Jays fell 5-1 Sunday in their Centennial Conference championship game against Swarthmore (15-2-2 / 7-1-2). The Blue Jays couldn't contain the aggressive offense of the Garnet and surrendered two first half goals and three in the second. This is the second straight year that Hopkins has won the Centennial regular season title and fallen in the championship game to the Garnet, losing out on the automatic qualifying bid to the NCAA Tournament. The Blue Jays were outshot by the Garnet 11-15 (8-10 SOG), while corners were tied at three each. Sophomore midfielder Jesse Cole scored her first goal of the year, the sixth goal of the day that only served as a spoiler to the Swarthmore shutout. Hopkins suffered several injuries to key players who can hopefully recover in time for the national tournament.
Despite the loss, Hopkins will still host this upcoming weekend, facing the Cavaliers of Cabrini (10-5-1 / 4-1-1) in the opening round. The other two teams playing on Homewood Field this weekend will be Misericordia (15-2-1 / 7-0-0) and Rowan (13-3-2 / 6-1-2).
Messiah (17-1-1 / 7-0-1) D3Soccer.com No. 4 / MA Region No. 2
Messiah faced Lebanon Valley (8-7-2 / 3-4-1) Wednesday night in Grantham, PA for a MAC Commonwealth semifinal playoff game. The Falcons came out fast, stunning the Dutchmen with three quick goals before they had even settled into the game. Junior All-American Brooke Firestone scored two goals for the Falcons and senior Julia Kyne added another. The Falcons were content with maintaining possession and controlling play for the rest of the way, and their superb defense did the rest, limiting the Dutchmen to two shots (one on goal) and stifling any attempts at offensive production in the 3-0 win. The Falcons outshot the Dutchmen 20-2 (11-1 SOG) and led 7-2 in corners.
The Falcons turned the tables on 2017 MAC Commonwealth Champ Arcadia (12-5-3 / 6-1-1) Saturday night, returning the favor from last season by beating the Knights 1-0 in the second overtime period. Brooke Firestone scored the game winner in the 106th minute. The Falcons outshot the Knights 28-7 (9-2 SOG) and led in corners 4-0, but Arcadia played aggressive defense for most of the match and limited the Falcons' potent offense by contesting every shot. As effectively as the Knight defense operated, the Falcons' top-ranked defense put on a clinic, registering their 11th straight shutout and 16th on the season. You've heard the names of the Falcon offense this season, but it's only fitting that the defense gets a "shout out" this week - senior DJ Cole and junior Maddie Waits anchor the center of a defense that held opponents to a 0.166 goals per-game-against average last season to lead the nation. They've lowered that number to 0.158 goals per game this season and once again lead the nation. Senior Sarah Strachan and junior Barb Foster hold down the edges of the back four, while freshman Kayla Herr patrols just ahead, helping to limit opponents' chances as a defensive midfielder. Keepers Sara Yunez and Lydia Ewing split time in goal for the Falcons, and even though they don't have to make a ton of saves, they usually do when needed.
Messiah will now travel to Rochester, NY, in the opening round to face Centenary (N.J.) (13-7-0 / 8-0-0). The Falcons travel due to their men's team hosting opening round action at Shoemaker Field. The other two teams in their pod are host RIT (11-5-3 / 5-2-2) and Susquehanna (13-3-3 / 5-1-1).
Swarthmore (14-2-2 / 7-1-2) D3Soccer.com No. 20 / MA Region No. 3
Swarthmore rode four second half goals to a 5-2 come-from-behind win against McDaniel (10-5-1 / 6-3-1) in their Centennial Conference semifinal game at Johns Hopkins' Homewood Field Saturday afternoon. The Green Terror struck first in the 21st minute, but the Garnet responded with a goal of their own when sophomore Sophia Stills entered the game in the 33rd minute and scored just 33 seconds after coming off the bench. Senior Marin McCoy put the Garnet up 2-1 with her tenth goal of the year in the 53rd minute, but the Green Terror battled back and tied the game in the 66th minute. McDaniel then scored another goal in the 73rd minute, but unfortunately, it was a misplayed header into their own goal, giving the Garnet a 3-2 lead that they would not relinquish. Bella Huang and Brittany Weiderhold added late goals to put the game out of reach and send the Garnet into Sunday's championship game against Johns Hopkins. For the match, the Garnet outshot the Green Terror 22-11 (12-6 SOG) but trailed in corners 1-4.
The Garnet served notice Saturday in their Centennial Conference Championship match at Johns Hopkins (17-2-0 / 10-0-0), dominating the Blue Jays 5-1 with a relentless, attacking offense that would not stop surging forward and a defense that allowed no clean shots. No team that watched this game wants to see the Garnet on their side of the bracket come Monday afternoon. The Jays seemed uncomfortable and surprised by the early attacking strategy of the Garnet and were never able to get settled on their back line. Sophomore Lizzie King started off the scoring in the fourth minute and senior Marin McCoy added another before halftime to make it 2-0. Everyone in the stadium (including Blue Jays' supporters) knew that Hopkins was lucky to only be down by two goals at the break. When the second half began, there would be no response by the Blue Jays, only more Garnet aggression as sophomore Sophia Stills put the game away in the 50th minute. Juniors Brittany Weiderhold and Sydney Covitz added insurance goals before the Jays finally broke through with a goal in the 75th minute that served as the only disappointment of the day for Swarthmore, spoiling a magnificent effort by the Garnet defense, who had done everything to earn a shutout.
Swarthmore gets to host the opening rounds of the national tournament, facing St. Joseph's (Maine) (16-3-0 / 10-2-0), while New York University (10-5-3 / 5-1-1) faces off against Virginia Wesleyan (11-4-4 / 6-0-4) in the other game in the pod.
Scranton (15-1-3 / 7-0-0) D3Soccer.com NR RV / MA Region No. 4
Scranton hosted Moravian (9-5-2 / 3-3-1) Tuesday night in a Landmark Conference semifinal playoff game and came away with a 2-0 victory to move on to the Landmark Championship game. Senior Erica Licari and sophomore Corinne McDonald scored goals in the first half and the Royal defense limited the Greyhound's chances to one shot on goal in the 69th minute that senior keeper Colleen Barry denied with a diving save to preserve the shutout. The Royals outshot the Greyhounds 17-2 (8-1 SOG) and led in corners 8-2.
Many thought that the game was over when the Royals scored early against Susquehanna (13-3-2 / 5-1-1) Saturday afternoon in Scranton. Freshman midfielder Steph Lowrey put in a Jamie Hreniuk rebound to take a 1-0 lead in the 12th minute, and with this season's stellar performance by the Scranton defense, many thought that the Royals had just clinched their third straight Landmark Conference championship. It appeared that lead would indeed hold, but in the 87th minute the River Hawks scored the equalizer on their only shot of the half. As can be common with many teams this time of the playoff season, the Royals failed to capitalize on multiple opportunities. The Royals outshot the River Hawks 23-9 (7-3 SOG) and led in corners 4-1, but couldn't convert on several chances, including banging a shot off the crossbar just minutes prior to the Susquehanna equalizer. Scranton controlled play in the overtime periods but could not put in the game winner. Susquehanna converted all five penalty kicks, while Scranton missed one to lose the shootout 4-5.
Scranton missed the automatic qualifier that the Landmark Championship had afforded, but still garnered an at-large bid and will travel to Newport News, VA, to face Arcadia (12-5-3 / 6-1-1), while host Christopher Newport (17-1-0 / 7-0-0) battles Staten Island (12-6-0 / 6-0-0) in the other pod game.
Misericordia (15-2-1 / 7-0-0) D3Soccer.com No. 17 / MA Region No. 5
Wednesday night, Misericordia hosted FDU-Florham (12-6-2 / 3-1-1) in a MAC Freedom semifinal matchup and found themselves down 0-1 at halftime. Senior Hannah Larkin and freshman Michaela Fasolino scored second half goals to propel the Cougars into the MAC Freedom Championship game against Wilkes with a 2-1 victory. The Cougars outshot the Devils 20-6 (8-4 SOG) and led in corners 4-1.
The Cougars scored a goal in each half and survived a late Wilkes (9-7-2 / 5-2-0) rally to win their third straight MAC Freedom Conference Championship. Kaylee Sturans and Jeanna Orfanos scored for the Cougars in the 2-1 victory at Mangelsdorf Field. Misericordia outshot the Colonels 15-8 (5-4 SOG) but had to weather a late penalty conversion by Colonel Jessica Egan and rely on a diving save by keeper Alexis Benedetto near the end of the match to preserve the win. The Cougars carry a 10-game winning streak heading into the national tournament.
Misericordia will play in a pod with two other Mid-Atlantic teams, traveling to Baltimore, MD, to square off against Rowan (13-3-2 / 6-1-2) while host Johns Hopkins (17-2-0 / 10-0-0) will take on Cabrini (10-5-1 / 4-1-1).
Arcadia (12-5-3 / 6-1-1) D3Soccer.com NR RV / MA Region No. 6
Arcadia took on Albright (11-4-2 / 5-2-1) Wednesday night in a MAC Commonwealth semifinal playoff game and scored a 3-0 victory to head to the final and attempt to defend their 2017 championship. The Knights dominated play, outshooting the Lions 14-1 (9-0 SOG) and had 4 corners to the Lions' one. Senior Veronica Pontis scored just before halftime, and sophomores Jules Oswald and Riley Nyhus added second half goals.
The Knights traveled to Grantham, PA, to defend their first-ever MAC Commonwealth championship last season when they defeated Messiah (17-1-1 / 7-0-1) 1-0 in 2OT. This year's result ended in another double overtime thriller, but the score ended in the Falcons' favor when Messiah scored in the 106th minute. Messiah controlled possession for much of the match, but the Knights stepped forward to challenge every shot and limited the No. 4 Falcons to just a few good chances. Arcadia was outshot 7-28 (2-9 SOG) and had no corners to the Falcons' four. Sophomore keeper Brianna Williams registered eight saves for the Knights and MAC Commonwealth Rookie of the Year, freshman defender Brianna Crowley made several goal-saving stops against the dynamic Falcon forwards.
The Knights were holding their breath during the selection show but found that they were in and heading to Newport News, VA, to take on the Scranton Royals (15-1-3 / 7-0-0). Host Christopher Newport (17-1-0 / 7-0-0) will take on Staten Island (12-6-0 / 6-0-0) in the other game of the pod.
Penn State-Berks (15-3-2 / 10-0-1) D3Soccer.com NR / MA Region No. 7
The faithful fans of Penn-State Berks were beginning to worry that the Lions had lost some of their mojo, having scored only three goals in their last three games, where their record was a mediocre 1-1-1. This from a team that is leading the nation in many offensive categories. Not to worry, Nittany Lion fans, the offensive juggernaut returned Saturday at Keuka, where the Lions faced Penn College (12-8-0 / 8-3-0) in the North Eastern Athletic Conference semifinals. The Lions scored three goals in the first half and two in the second for a 5-0 win and a chance to repeat as NEAC Champions on Sunday against Keuka. The Lions dominated play, outshooting the Wildcats 27-1 (16-0 SOG) and leading in corners 11-1. Penn State-Berks got two goals from Caitlin Golden, and singles from Shelby Baker, Emily Clapper, and Alexis Schoener.
The Nittany Lions exacted revenge against Keuka (13-4-1 / 10-0-1) Sunday afternoon in their NEAC championship match. When these two teams met two weeks ago, the Lions controlled play, but were unable to score in the 0-0 draw. That draw enabled Keuka to win the tie-breaker and host the NEAC playoffs, something that the Lions thought they should be doing as the best team in the conference. This Sunday, the Lions left no doubt, scoring two goals in each half for a 4-0 win and automatic bid to the NCAA Tournament. Alexis Schoener, JoJo Zolli, Karina Raykova, and Caitlin Golden all scored goals in the victory, as the Lions outshot the Wolves 25-9 (14-5 SOG) and led 11-1 in corners. Sophomore keeper Bristol Pizzuto recorded five saves, including two late saves that helped preserve the well-deserved shutout.
The Nittany Lions are headed south to Lynchburg, VA, to take on the Emory Eagles (13-4-1 / 4-2-1), while host Lynchburg (18-2-2 / 7-1-2) battles Piedmont (17-4-1 / 7-1-1) in the other pod game.
Dickinson (11-4-4 / 5-2-3) D3Soccer.com NR / MA Region No. 8
Dickinson hosted Haverford (8-6-3 / 5-3-2) Wednesday night in a Centennial Conference first round matchup that seemed destined for penalty kicks. The Red Devils held a slight advantage in shots in the first half, but the Fords were the ones that broke through right before the half, punching in a shot as the Red Devils failed to clear the ball from in front of their goal. Sophomore Tara Dedrickson scored in the 61st minute to even the match and send the game to overtime. The teams battled in both overtimes, but offense was difficult to generate, with only one shot recorded through two overtimes - the game winner. Dedrickson raced in on junior Elizabeth Krause's header toward the net and sent a brilliant, lunging kick with the outside of her right foot past the Ford keeper. Dickinson outshot Haverford 13-4 (8-2 SOG) and led 8-4 in corner kicks.
Dickinson faced Johns Hopkins (17-1-0 / 10-0-0) Saturday afternoon in a Centennial Conference semifinal match and fell to the No. 3 ranked Blue Jays 3-1. The Blue Jays scored two first half goals in a span of two minutes to take a 2-0 lead. The Red Devils got back into the game just before halftime when junior Eryn McDonald scored on a set piece from 35 yards out. Hopkins added a quick insurance goal in the 47th minute and the Red Devils could never mount much of an offensive attack for the rest of the match, managing only one shot in the second half. For the game, the Red Devils were outshot 4-16 (2-11 SOG) and trailed in corners 1-12.
The Red Devils finish the season with 11 wins, 4 losses, and 4 ties and placed 4th in the Centennial Conference regular season standings.
McDaniel (10-5-1 / 6-3-1) D3Soccer.com NR / MA Region No. 9
McDaniel started out quickly against Swarthmore (14-2-2 / 7-1-2) when they scored in the 21st minute in their Centennial Conference semifinal matchup at Johns Hopkins' Homewood Field. Freshman Hannah Schepers scored first for the Green Terror, but the Garnet answered with two goals of their own to take a 2-1 lead. Sophomore Kathryn Dixon tied the game midway through the second half, but then a misguided own-goal header by the Green Terror off of a Garnet free kick put Swarthmore ahead for good. The Garnet added two late goals for a 5-2 win. The Green Terror were outshot 11-22 (6-12 SOG) by the Garnet but led in corners 4-1.
McDaniel finishes their season with 10 wins, five losses, and 1 tie. They finished third in the Centennial Conference regular season standings.
That's it. The end has come for this column for the 2018 season, now that the National Tournament has begun. Continue to turn to D3Soccer.com for the best coverage of DIII Women's Soccer in the nation. We hope that we have brought some consistency and exposure to the beautiful game that our wonderful young women bring to the pitch each and every season. Hope to see you back here next season!
Comments or feedback for the author? E-mail us.
The weekly Mid-Atlantic Review will survey the Division III women's soccer landscape throughout the NCAA Mid-Atlantic Region consisting of four states but it could be called the Pennsylvania or maybe Quaker region as 43 of the region's 63 schools are located in Pennsylvania. And this excludes the sixteen schools assigned to the Great Lakes region (PAC and AMCC plus Carnegie Mellon and Allegheny). This region features these conferences: Centennial, CSAC, Landmark, MAC Commonwealth, MAC Freedom and the NEAC.
We will look at some of the key match-ups, results, and standout performances, identifying who is trending up and who is trending down each week.
» E-Mail D3soccer.com
Nov 6: Mid-Atlantic Review, Week 10
Oct 29: Mid-Atlantic Review, Week 9
Oct 8: Mid-Atlantic Review, Week 6
Sep 24: Mid-Atlantic Review, Week 4
Sep 3: Mid-Atlantic Review, Week 1
© 2015 D3soccer.com Soccer Media LLC


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text:
Q: [Python][Kivy] Two Axes Scroll View in a Layout I am very new to Kivy on Python and I am trying to make an android application.
Since the size of our mobile devices are not as huge and wide as the screen we use on pc,
I needed to make grid layout(table) and this should be scrolled both into x and y axis.
Could anyone give me a good working examples that are executable?
ex)This is somehow what i want it to be.
App():
    Screen():
       ScreenVeiw(vertical and horizontal movement availability)
              GridLayout():
                   Labels():

I would truly be grateful to your guidance and support!
Hope you all have a great day!

A: Please find below a working example of GridLayout with scrolling enabled in both x and y axes:
from kivy.app import App
from kivy.lang import Builder

APP_KV = """
ScrollView:
    GridLayout:
        cols: 4
        size_hint: None, None
        height: self.minimum_height
        width: self.minimum_width
        row_default_height: 200
        col_default_width: 400
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
        Button:
"""

class MainApp(App):
    def build(self):
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if __name__ == '__main__':
    MainApp().run()


Britain's Casey Stoney being interviewed in Cardiff. Photo: joncandy under a CC licence.
On Saturday afternoon I sat down to watch Britain's women's team thrash Cameroon 3-0 at football. It was a great match; not only was the quality of play outstanding, there was a noticeable and much welcomed lack of the diving and amateur dramatics often seen in the men's game.
I enjoyed it so much I wanted to share my appreciation on Twitter and so joined hundreds praising Casey Stoney, Jill Scott and their teammates in qualifying for the quarter finals with still one game to go. Not everyone in the Twittersphere was quite as complimentary.
Why weren't tweeters commenting that women's volleyball, badminton or tennis are 'pathetic' 'appalling' or 'so funny'? The most obvious explanation is that in Britain we have become socialized to see football as a male sport and so insulting women who 'attempt' to play it is fair game. When women start to do well at it, we become simultaneously defensive and offensive.
Volleyball on the other hand isn't given much attention as a sport, so the women who play it are subjected to the same judgment as any other female – are they good looking enough to be given this air time?
The media have a social responsibility to start giving women's football as much coverage as men's. It is the same sport, with the same exciting twists and turns and brilliantly talented players. According to Stylist's Fair Game campaign, only five per cent of sports media coverage features women.
Men's football is arguably the most popular sport internationally and in recent years we have seen some players transformed into global superstars. The media make gods out of some of the male team members, with top professionals now as good as getting away with on pitch aggression, violence and racism.
The mainstream media has ensured that the only acceptable place women have in football is hanging off the arm of the Rooneys and Beckhams of the world. Women are only of significance if they are a WAG, or a mistress. If they are top players themselves no one is interested.
Satirical mockumentary Twenty Twelve, which follows a team of people responsible for running the London Olympics, summed it up perfectly when the characters tried to tackle the unpopularity of the women's game, by planning an advertising campaign that had nothing to do with football.
Currently, women's sport receives only 0.5 per cent of the total sponsorship income into the sector, whereas men get 62.1 per cent. If this is how they are being treated by the industry, it isn't really surprising they are considered second-class players by the public.
So let's commit to kicking sexism out of football, first, by looking within at our own prejudices and second, by targeting the industries that create and fuel them.
Sign the Fair Game petition for equality in sport here.


Call us now on 01787 313550 or email us.
The annual STL golf day has grown and grown since it first started five years ago.
Having started with only a handful in year one, a fantastic 32 golfers took their place at the Essex Golf and Country Club in Stoke by Nayland to take part in the fun, but competitive, event. The day is attended by STL staff members, friends and family, and suppliers and it was another great event to be part of.
We would like to thank everyone who supported it and played their part in ensuring the day was a big success. We would also like to congratulate the winners, who then decided to auction off their first prize for their chosen charity.
It was a fitting way to round off our annual golf day. Bring on 2019!


text:
Le Talisman (en anglais The Talisman), parfois titré Richard en Palestine, est un roman historique de l'auteur écossais Walter Scott. C'est le deuxième roman de la série Histoires du temps des croisades (Tales of the Crusaders). Il paraît le même jour que le premier, Les Fiancés (The Betrothed), le , sous la signature « l'auteur de Waverley ».

À la tête de la troisième croisade, Richard Cœur de Lion a repris au sultan Saladin les places du littoral de Palestine. Il veut maintenant s'emparer de Jérusalem. Des dissensions éclatent parmi ses alliés. Certains ne souscrivent pas à ce projet. Surtout, ils ne veulent plus d'un chef aussi arrogant et emporté.

Genèse

Walter Scott s'est déjà intéressé au thème des croisades. En , il a publié un essai, La Chevalerie (Essay on Chivalry), où il voit dans l'esprit de chevalerie le fondement des croisades et des ordres militaires et hospitaliers.

Les Fiancés inachevé

Le ,  après la parution des Eaux de Saint-Ronan, il informe le coéditeur  (partenaire d'Archibald Constable) de ce qu'il travaille sur une histoire de croisades. On ne sait s'il dit vrai ou s'il fait diversion pour ne pas parler de Redgauntlet, livre très personnel sur lequel il se montre cachottier. Il termine Redgauntlet le . Ses éditeurs se disent favorables à son projet d'Histoires du temps des croisades, une série de trois romans. Le troisième, consacré au retour en Europe de Richard Cœur de Lion, ne verra jamais le jour. Scott écrit d'abord Les Fiancés, que les éditeurs jugent décevant, puisque le théâtre de l'action n'est nullement la Terre sainte, mais les marches galloises durant la troisième croisade, croisade qui provoque la longue absence de l'un des personnages. Le livre est par ailleurs déclaré ennuyeux, et Scott en remanie plusieurs fois certaines parties. Renonçant à le publier, il le laisse inachevé. Il se consacre au Talisman.

Sources du Talisman

En écrivant la plupart de ses romans, Scott a une connaissance intime des lieux et du contexte historique. Ce n'est pas le cas ici. Il sait néanmoins surmonter la difficulté. Il dispose du témoignage d'amis qui ont parcouru la Palestine, comme le capitaine Basil Hall, ou comme  qui lui décrit les paysages de la mer Morte et d'Engaddi. Pour le reste, il peut consulter chroniqueurs et historiens, qui ont laissé une abondante documentation sur les événements et la région.

Écriture

À contre-courant des préjugés de son temps, Scott a pour idée première de montrer un Richard Cœur de Lion cruel et violent — défauts que les Occidentaux prêtent facilement aux sultans d'Orient — face à un Saladin prudent et avisé — qualités que les Occidentaux attribuent plus volontiers à leurs propres souverains. En dépit du contraste dans les caractères, les deux hommes font assaut de vertus chevaleresques telles que bravoure et générosité.

Les premiers chapitres reçoivent un accueil froid du coéditeur et imprimeur , au point que Scott éprouve du découragement. Il poursuit tout de même l'écriture du livre. Ballantyne finit par s'enthousiasmer. Il prédit que Le Talisman aura un succès marquant — susceptible même d'entraîner celui des Fiancés. Scott termine donc celui-ci.

Première publication

Tales of the Crusaders (Histoires du temps des croisades) comprend les deux volumes de The Betrothed (Les Fiancés) et les deux volumes de The Talisman (Le Talisman). L'ensemble paraît le  sous la signature « l'auteur de Waverley », à laquelle Scott n'a pas encore renoncé, même si l'identité de l'auteur fait figure de secret de Polichinelle :
 à Édimbourg chez Archibald Constable and Co. ;
 à Londres chez Hurst, Robinson and Co..

Introduction de 1832

En 1832, pour la réédition Magnum Opus, Scott donne une introduction au Talisman. Il évoque le manque de connaissances qui le faisait hésiter au moment de peindre les mœurs orientales et les luttes de Palestine. Bien d'autres auteurs, se disait-il, avaient su exploiter heureusement de tels sujets. N'ayant jamais visité la Terre sainte, il ne prétendait pas non plus rivaliser avec les nombreux voyageurs qui l'avaient fait. Ce qui le motiva cependant, ce fut le  entre  de Richard et la  de Saladin. Une telle opposition lui semblait devoir donner un intérêt particulier à une œuvre de fiction.

Scott prévient que la plupart des événements contenus dans le récit sont imaginaires. Si l'on y trouve une part de vérité, dit-il, ce ne peut être que dans le caractère des personnages.

Un « Appendice à l'introduction » s'étend sur la rumeur qui fait de Richard un cannibale. Elle est due, selon Scott, aux exagérations d'un ménestrel ignorant qui aurait attribué à Richard les mœurs des Tafurs, va-nu-pieds qui suivaient l'armée des croisés.

Contexte historique

L'empire de Saladin

Au , le sultan ayyoubide Saladin bâtit un empire en réunissant l'Égypte, le Hedjaz, la Syrie et la Haute Mésopotamie. Le , il écrase les Francs à Hattin et s'empare de la Vraie Croix. Ce triomphe lui ouvre les portes de la Palestine. Il reprend Saint-Jean-d'Acre et les autres places côtières.

La troisième croisade

Le , Saladin reprend Jérusalem. L'émotion provoquée par cet événement déclenche la troisième croisade (1189-1192). Philippe Auguste, roi de France, débarque devant Saint-Jean-d'Acre le . Richard Cœur de Lion, roi d'Angleterre, y arrive le . La ville est assiégée par les chrétiens depuis deux ans.

Dans le camp des assaillants, un conflit de succession oppose Guy de Lusignan, roi de Jérusalem, à Conrad de Montferrat, prétendant au trône. Richard prend parti pour Lusignan, tandis que Philippe Auguste soutient Montferrat. Ces deux alliances renforcent les tensions existant entre Richard et Philippe.

Saint-Jean-d'Acre tombe le . Un incident survient alors, qui aura de lourdes conséquences. Richard, mécontent de voir la bannière du duc Léopold d'Autriche flotter à côté des bannières des rois d'Angleterre et de France, la fait jeter par-dessus les remparts. Léopold, ulcéré, retourne en Europe. C'est lui qui capturera Richard à son retour de Terre sainte. Philippe Auguste retourne en France le .

Le , Richard quitte Saint-Jean-d'Acre. Il descend vers le sud, et prend les places du littoral jusqu'à Jaffa, où il arrive le . Saladin se replie sur Jérusalem. Richard tente de négocier. Il exige la restitution de Jérusalem, de la Vraie Croix et des territoires repris aux chrétiens jusqu'au-delà du Jourdain.

Le , Richard marche sur Jérusalem. Il atteint Ramla le . Il y reste six semaines. Mais les templiers, les hospitaliers et une bonne partie des poulains parviennent à dissuader Richard de continuer. Le , l'armée bat en retraite sur Ascalon. Cet échec démoralise bon nombre de croisés, qui choisissent de rentrer chez eux.

La rivalité perdure entre Guy de Lusignan et Conrad de Montferrat. Ce dernier complote à qui mieux mieux, et tente peut-être d'obtenir l'appui de Saladin. Richard apprend qu'en Angleterre son frère Jean convoite son trône. Il décide de partir à son tour. Il n'a d'autre choix que Montferrat pour le remplacer à la tête de son armée. Richard accepte donc qu'il soit couronné roi de Jérusalem. Mais, le , Montferrat est assassiné par deux ismaéliens.

Le , Richard marche une nouvelle fois sur Jérusalem. La division s'installe dans l'armée qui, le , fait à nouveau demi-tour. Le départ de Richard est hâté par des nouvelles alarmantes lui venant d'Angleterre. Il signe une trêve peu avantageuse avec Saladin le . Il part pour l'Europe le .

Libertés que prend Scott

Pour des raisons d'unité narrative, Scott prend quelques libertés avec l'
 Historiquement, Léopold d'Autriche et Philippe Auguste quittent la Palestine peu après la reddition de Saint-Jean-d'Acre. Ils sont présents tout au long du roman.
 Scott charge de vils défauts le maître du Temple et le grand maître des Hospitaliers. Aussi préfère-t-il changer le nom du maître du Temple (Robert de Sablé) en Gilles Amaury de Beauséant, et ne pas citer celui du grand maître des Hospitaliers. La mort de Beauséant est inspirée de celle de Renaud de Châtillon, exécuté, dit-on, de la main de Saladin.
 Scott noircit quelque peu Conrad de Montferrat (il écrit Montserrat). Dans son introduction de 1832, il tient pour certain le fait que Richard haïssait Montferrat, et il expose le différend.
 Selon Jean Flori, l'incident de la bannière d'Autriche a bien eu lieu, mais au siège de Saint-Jean-d'Acre.
 Scott accentue les grandes qualités et atténue les lourds défauts de Richard. Il ne fait pas allusion au massacre de Saint-Jean-d'Acre, qui cadrerait mal avec un Richard Cœur de Lion présenté comme chevaleresque.
 Saladin était également doué de grandes qualités. Mais, dans le roman, ses vertus exceptionnelles, au registre étendu, semblent plus proches de celles forgées par sa légende que de celles du personnage historique.
 Historiquement, Richard propose en mariage sa sœur Jeanne (veuve de Guillaume, roi de Sicile) à Al-Adel, frère de Saladin. Dans le roman, il propose à Saladin la main de sa cousine Édith, personnage fictif.
 Richard et Saladin se rencontrent dans le roman, ce qui ne s'est jamais produit dans la réalité.

Dates et lieux du roman

« Le Diamant du désert », l'oasis près de laquelle Kenneth et Sheerkohf s'affrontent, se retrouve en fin de roman. Elle est le lieu du duel judiciaire.

Le désert que traversent les deux cavaliers est le désert de Juda, qui s'étire le long de la rive ouest de la mer Morte. La région fut , que la  envers les habitants de Sodome et Gomorrhe a métamorphosée  et condamnée . La tradition voit aussi dans le désert de Juda le théâtre de la tentation du Christ.

Engaddi, ancienne ville située entre le désert de Juda et la mer Morte, est citée plusieurs fois dans l'Ancien Testament. C'est dans une grotte du désert d'Engaddi que David épargne Saül.

Dans le roman, le camp où Richard est en proie à la fièvre se trouve sur la côte de Palestine, . Historiquement, Richard a souffert plusieurs fois de la fièvre. Scott ne donne pas de date précise. Le récit prend place entre la reddition de Saint-Jean-d'Acre () et le départ de Richard pour l'Europe ().

Résumé

Kenneth en mission

Profitant de ce que leur chef Richard Cœur de Lion est terrassé par une fièvre, les autres princes chrétiens intriguent. Ils veulent renoncer à prendre Jérusalem. Ils décident de proposer une paix durable à Saladin, et le retrait de leurs troupes de Palestine. Le conseil des princes de la croisade charge donc Kenneth, chevalier écossais sans fortune, de contacter un très influent ermite, le carme Théodoric, qui servira d'intermédiaire auprès de Saladin.

Près d'une oasis, Kenneth est attaqué par un redoutable Sarrasin du nom de Sheerkohf. Ayant mesuré leurs forces et leurs adresses respectives, les deux hommes finissent par décider d'une trêve. Le Sarrasin propose à Kenneth de le guider jusqu'à Engaddi, où vit Théodoric.

Celui-ci leur offre l'hospitalité dans sa grotte. En cours de nuit, il réveille Kenneth et le conduit dans la chapelle d'un monastère, taillée dans le roc. Kenneth y est le témoin d'une procession de carmélites rendant hommage à un fragment de la Vraie Croix. Elles sont suivies de jeunes filles, parmi lesquelles Kenneth a l'extrême surprise de reconnaître , Édith Plantagenêt, cousine du roi Richard. La présence d'Édith dans le monastère s'explique par le fait que la reine d'Angleterre est en pèlerinage à Engaddi pour obtenir de Dieu la guérison de son époux. Les chefs de la croisade ignoraient cette présence de la reine à l'endroit où ils dépêchaient Kenneth.

Kenneth attend une réponse de Saladin. Celui-ci apprend la maladie de Richard. Il envoie à la grotte son médecin personnel, Adonebec el Hakim (« le médecin »).

Au camp des croisés, Richard est toujours au plus mal. Kenneth arrive, accompagné du médecin sarrasin. Ce dernier prépare un élixir en laissant infuser un talisman dans de l'eau de source. Richard boit le remède, et s'assoupit.

La bannière de Léopold d'Autriche

Deux alliés de Richard intriguent dans l'ombre. Le premier, Conrad de Montserrat, veut devenir roi de Jérusalem, mais Richard préfère laisser la couronne à Guy de Lusignan. Le second, Gilles Amaury de Beauséant, le maître du Temple, nourrit une crainte : si Richard reconquiert la Terre sainte, son premier soin sera de mettre fin à l'indépendance de l'ordre du Temple. En revanche, si les alliés se retirent, Saladin restera maître de toute la Palestine, et il aura besoin d'un corps bien discipliné comme les Templiers, à qui il sera disposé à donner de vastes provinces. Pour Beauséant, la solution est simple : si Richard meurt, tous les espoirs sont permis à Montserrat et à lui-même.

Montserrat se propose plus modestement de semer la zizanie entre Richard et Léopold d'Autriche. Il avise la bannière d'Angleterre, plantée sur une éminence, au milieu du camp. Il attend que Léopold soit ivre pour lui faire ressentir le symbole comme outrageant. Léopold va laver l'injure en plantant sa bannière au côté de celle d'Angleterre.

La fièvre de Richard est tombée. Informé du geste de Léopold, il saute à bas de son lit, se précipite au centre du camp, brise la pique portant la bannière d'Autriche, déchire et foule aux pieds la , le . Philippe, le roi de France, intervient et tente de calmer les esprits.

Humilié par le brutal et méprisant Richard, Léopold n'éprouve plus que haine à son égard. Richard est mécontent de la médiation de Philippe. Celui-ci n'apprécie guère la façon arrogante dont sa médiation a été accueillie par Richard. Montserrat est satisfait du résultat. Beauséant aurait préféré qu'un des Allemands présents tue Richard.

Plaisanterie douteuse de la reine

Richard confie la garde de la bannière d'Angleterre à Kenneth, flanqué de son lévrier Roswall. Le garçon reçoit en pleine nuit la visite du nain Nebectamus qui lui apprend que la dame de ses pensées, la princesse Édith, veut le voir. En effet, Édith et la reine Bérengère sont revenues elles aussi d'Engaddi. Kenneth cède à la tentation. Il quitte son poste, laissant Roswall veiller seul sur la bannière.

Le nain l'introduit dans un compartiment d'une tente, d'où il peut entendre la reine et deux de ses dames qui conversent dans le compartiment voisin. Il apprend ainsi qu'il est l'objet d'une plaisanterie puérile : la reine veut prouver à Édith que son amoureux est capable de manquer à son devoir.

La bannière d'Angleterre disparaît en l'absence du jeune homme, qui retrouve son chien grièvement blessé. Kenneth est condamné à mort par Richard. Édith tente en vain de pousser la reine à dire la vérité à son mari. C'est finalement Adonebec, le médecin sarrasin, qui obtient la grâce de Kenneth. Il l'emmène avec lui comme esclave.

Roswall désigne le coupable

Kenneth revient une nouvelle fois au camp, déguisé en esclave nubien. Le malheureux est porteur d'une lettre de Saladin pour Édith, la demandant en mariage. Son chien Roswall, sauvé par Adonebec, se jette sans raison apparente sur Conrad de Montserrat, qui dès lors est soupçonné d'avoir dérobé la bannière d'Angleterre. Comme il nie, Richard propose un duel judiciaire. Celui-ci aura lieu en terrain neutre, au Diamant du désert, à mi-chemin des deux camps ennemis. Il sera organisé par Saladin, en qui Richard a toute confiance.

Richard, qui n'est pas dupe du déguisement de Kenneth, charge Saladin de choisir parmi ses hommes le champion qui combattra pour lui, roi d'Angleterre. Quant à la demande en mariage de Saladin, Édith répond qu'elle . Richard suggère donc au ménestrel Blondel d'inclure dans un lai deux vers spécifiant qu'Édith épousera le vainqueur du duel.

Le roi de France annonce à Richard son intention de retourner dans son pays. Léopold et plusieurs autres princes font de même, motivant sans détour leur décision par . Richard comprend alors qu'il ne pourra continuer la guerre.

Le duel judiciaire

Lorsqu'il se trouve face à Saladin, Richard reconnaît en lui le médecin qui l'a guéri. C'est lui qui a renvoyé Kenneth au camp des croisés, déguisé en esclave nubien. C'est lui à présent qui désigne Kenneth comme le champion de Richard.

Au matin du combat, Beauséant, le maître du Temple, interdit à Montserrat de se confesser. Dans le duel, la lance de Kenneth traverse la poitrine de son adversaire. Richard demande alors à Saladin d'accueillir Montserrat sous sa tente et d'avoir recours au talisman pour qu'il ait le temps de se confesser. Mais Beauséant exige que le blessé soit transporté sous sa propre tente.

Ayant invité les croisés à déjeuner, Saladin offre un sorbet à Beauséant. Avant que celui-ci n'ait pu y tremper ses lèvres, Saladin lui tranche la tête. Il justifie son geste : le maître du Temple vient de poignarder Montserrat sous sa tente pour qu'il n'avoue pas les complots qu'ils ont tramés ensemble.

Richard propose à Saladin de s'affronter tous deux dans la lice, , en mettant en jeu Jérusalem et la terre de Palestine. Saladin décline. Richard propose alors que le combat n'ait lieu que pour l'honneur. Saladin répond que le maître donne un berger au troupeau pour l'avantage du troupeau, et non pour celui du berger. Il rappelle au tumultueux Richard la parole de l'Écriture : quand le berger est frappé, le troupeau est dispersé. Puis Saladin avoue à son hôte qu'il sait que la ligue des croisés est dissoute, et que Richard est maintenant dans l'incapacité de prendre Jérusalem.

Personnages

Le livre est composé de scènes courtes qui s'enchaînent vivement, comme dans une pièce de théâtre. Elles font la part belle aux dialogues, qui dessinent vigoureusement les figures.

 Kenneth, « le chevalier au léopard », pauvre et vaillant écossais. Méprisé des puissants, il est amoureux d'Édith Plantagenêt, la cousine de Richard. Après sa victoire dans le duel judiciaire, on apprend qu'il est David, comte de Huntingdon, prince d'Écosse. Ce personnage a réellement existé. Il était le petit-fils du roi  et le frère des rois  et Guillaume le Lion. Parti guerroyer loin de sa patrie, il fut  sur le chemin de son retour.
 Sheerkohf, l'adversaire de Kenneth dans le désert. Plein d'agilité et de vaillance, il est l'équivalent sarrasin de l'Écossais. Les deux hommes débusquent leurs préjugés respectifs, établissant de savoureux parallèles et se livrant à de sévères « mises en boîte », tout en s'efforçant de dompter leur tempérament.
 Théodoric, ermite carme. Il a ses entrées dans tous les camps. Il lit l'avenir dans les astres. Les papes et les conciles le regardent comme un prophète. Il est la proie d'une spectaculaire folie. Kenneth estime qu'il s'agit d'une folie simulée, .
 Édith Plantagenêt, cousine de Richard Cœur de Lion, dame des pensées de Kenneth, mais bientôt promise à Saladin. Le personnage est fictif.
 Le nain Nebectamus.
 La naine Genièvre.
 Richard Cœur de Lion, roi d'Angleterre. La stature, les outrances et les dangereuses colères de Richard dominent le livre. Brute sanguinaire, rustre arrogant et emporté, plus guerrier que politique, il ne songe qu'à la gloire militaire. Mais, s'il écrase tout le monde de sa vaillance et de sa personnalité tonitruante, il souffre de la comparaison avec le sage Saladin. La défection de ses alliés et l'échec de la croisade sont clairement attribués aux insuffisances de son caractère. Ce personnage historique a déjà été mis en scène par Scott en 1819, dans Ivanhoé.
 Thomas de Vaux, rude et fidèle compagnon de Richard, plein de bon sens (, dit Richard).
 L'archevêque de Tyr, imposant et vaniteux. Scott ne donne pas son nom. L'archevêque de l'époque était Josse, l'ancien évêque de Saint-Jean-d'Acre.
 Adonebec el Hakim, médecin personnel de Saladin, bon, humble et subtil. Dans une des meilleures scènes du livre, il n'hésite pas à accabler de son mépris le terrifiant Richard, arrachant ainsi la grâce de Kenneth, que ni la reine ni Édith ni l'ermite n'avaient pu obtenir.
 Gilles Amaury de Beauséant, le maître du Temple, sombre et mystérieux intrigant, avare et totalement dénué de scrupules. Sait ordonnancer une bataille et s'y comporter bravement. De sage conseil. Mais suspect d'hérésie et de sorcellerie, et d'être ligué à Saladin.  Cent fois plus païen que Saladin, selon Richard :  Le nom de Beauséant est inspiré du beauséant, l'étendard blanc et noir des templiers. Le véritable maître du Temple, de 1191 à 1193, était  de Sablé.

 Conrad de Montserrat, versatile et égoïste. Suspecté de négocier en secret avec Saladin, pour ses intérêts privés. Le personnage historique, Conrad de Montferrat, dit « le Marquis », meurt bien assassiné en 1192 — mais par des ismaéliens, non comme le personnage du livre.
 Léopold, duc d'Autriche (archiduc, dit Scott), personnage historique. Vaniteux et faible.
 Les amuseurs de Léopold :
 le spruch-sprecher (« diseur de dictons »), qui parle sur un ton grave ;
 Jonas Schwanker, le hoff-nar (« bouffon de cour »), qui lance des plaisanteries.
 Philippe Auguste, roi de France, personnage historique. Digne et fin politique, il n'apprécie pas les façons abruptes de Richard. Il ne pense qu'à laisser là cette croisade absurde, et à s'en aller reprendre en main les affaires de son royaume (et, pourquoi pas, celles du royaume de Richard).
 Bérengère de Navarre (parfois écrit Bérangère), personnage historique, épouse de Richard. Futile, lâche. Sylvère Monod la juge sévèrement. Son , dit-il, lui fait jouer avec l'honneur et la vie de Kenneth avec une , et va avoir des . Cet épisode, .
 Saladin, sultan ayyoubide, personnage historique. Il apparaît sous deux déguisements (Sheerkohf et Adonebec), avant de se montrer sous son vrai jour. Nous livrant ainsi des facettes contrastées de sa personnalité, il fait toujours montre de beaucoup de discernement et de noblesse. Et ses propos sont tout empreints de poésie orientale, qui donne du charme au récit.
 Blondel de Nesle, ménestrel attaché à Richard. Personnage historique.
 Abdallah El Hadgi (« le Pèlerin »), émir que Saladin estime beaucoup et qu'il emploie comme négociateur. Il descend de la famille du Prophète et a fait trois fois le voyage à La Mecque. Malgré ses diverses prétentions à la sainteté, il ne recule pas, mais en secret, devant un flacon entier de vin de Chypre.

Accueil

Le succès public des Fiancés et du Talisman est immédiat. Dans ce dernier, les lecteurs apprécient particulièrement les personnages de Richard et de Saladin. Le Talisman est peut-être le premier livre de langue anglaise qui donne une image positive des musulmans.

Les critiques n'avaient guère apprécié l'avant-dernier roman de Scott, Les Eaux de Saint-Ronan, qui n'était pas un roman historique. Ils se montrent, pour la majorité d'entre eux, très élogieux à l'égard des Fiancés et du Talisman. The Quarterly Review souligne la splendeur et l'effet incomparables du Talisman, et la construction du récit. L'Edinburgh Magazine loue la peinture des personnages, les dialogues et les descriptions, tout en déplorant un abus d'orientalisme.

Pour Sylvère Monod, Le Talisman, . Monod note cependant  l'absence presque complète .

En France, la popularité du roman commence à décliner à la fin du . Il sombre peu à peu dans l'oubli, avant de connaître deux rééditions en 2006 et 2007.

Traductions

Premières éditions en français
 Le Talisman ou Richard en Palestine, dans Histoires du temps des croisades, IV-VI, trad. Auguste-Jean-Baptiste Defauconpret, Paris, Gosselin, 1825.
 Le Talisman, trad. Amédée et Pierre Chaillot, Avignon, Chaillot ; Paris, Denn, 1828.
 Le Talisman, dans Histoire des croisades, trad. Albert Montémont, Paris, Armand-Aubrée, 1831.
 Le Talisman, dans Œuvres complètes de Walter Scott, XI-2, trad. Louis Vivien, Paris, Pourrat, 1838-1839.

Éditions récentes
 Le Talisman, trad. Claude Dandréa, coll. « Libretto », Paris, Phébus, 2006.
 Le Talisman, trad. Sylvère Monod, dans Ivanhoé et autres romans, coll. « Bibliothèque de la Pléiade », Paris, Gallimard, 2007.

Adaptations

Théâtre et opéra
 Selon Sylvère Monod, une adaptation théâtrale du roman est montée dès l'année de la parution, en 1825.
 Toujours selon Monod, un opéra inspiré de l'œuvre est créé en 1829.
 Un autre opéra, The Knight of the Leopard, est dû à Arthur Matthison pour le livret, sur une musique que Michael William Balfe laisse inachevée à sa mort en 1870. Michele Costa la termine. L'œuvre est créée au théâtre de Drury Lane, à Londres, le . Le livret est ensuite traduit en italien par Giuseppe Zaffira, et devient Il talismano. C'est sous ce titre que l'œuvre est représentée au  le  de la même année. En 1891,  relance l'œuvre. Le livret de langue anglaise est à nouveau adopté. Le titre devient Talisman.

Cinéma
 Le Talisman (Il talismano), court métrage muet noir et blanc italien, sorti en 1911.
 L'Esprit de la chevalerie (King Richard the Lion-Hearted), film muet américain de Chester Withey, sorti en 1923.
 Richard Cœur de Lion (King Richard and the Crusaders), film américain de David Butler, sorti en 1954, avec Rex Harrison (Saladin), Virginia Mayo (Édith), George Sanders (Richard) et Laurence Harvey (Kenneth).
 El Naser Salah el Dine, film égyptien sorti en 1963, s'inspire en grande partie du roman de Scott.
 Richard Cœur de Lion (Richard Lvinoe Serdtse, 1992) et Rytsar Kennet (1993), suite en deux volets du cinéaste russe Yevgeni Gerasimov.

Kingdom of Heaven de Ridley Scott, sorti en 2005, se situe avant la troisième croisade. Il se termine sur la prise de Jérusalem par Saladin en 1187. Le film n'est donc pas une adaptation du Talisman, mais, si l'on en croit Jonathan Riley-Smith, il lui emprunte sa vision romantique du Proche-Orient. Riley-Smith s'indigne d'un tel héritage. Il accuse Scott de présenter . Or, selon Riley-Smith, cette peinture, discréditée par les historiens, . Le débat autour du film est vif, car l'actualité internationale échauffe les esprits. Cathy Schultz préfère saluer le message de tolérance délivré par le film.

Notes et références

Voir aussi

Bibliographie
Marie-Cécile Revauger, « Historicité et symbolisme maçonnique dans Le Talisman de Walter Scott », Écosse : littérature et civilisation, , Publications de l'université de Grenoble, 1991.

Articles connexes
 Troisième croisade
 Richard Cœur de Lion

Liens externes

Walter Scott, Le Talisman ou Richard en Palestine, sur archive.org, trad. Auguste-Jean-Baptiste Defauconpret, dans Œuvres de Walter Scott, Paris, Furne, Gosselin, 1843, XIX.

Roman de Walter Scott
Roman paru en 1825
Roman britannique du XIXe siècle
Roman historique britannique
Roman historique se déroulant au XIIe siècle
Œuvre littéraire à l'origine d'un livret d'opéra ou de ballet

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
PM at Mt. Herzl: 'Israel's fallen live on in our hearts'
At official Remembrance Day ceremony in Jerusalem, Netanyahu identifies with families who have lost loved ones, says "we take comfort in better days"; air-raid sirens sound throughout country in honor of fallen.
By JPOST.COM STAFF, YAAKOV KATZ
Published: MAY 9, 2011 11:36
netanyahu at remembrance day ceremony_311
(photo credit: Amos Ben Gershom/GPO)
Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu on Monday addressed the nation at the official ceremony for Israel's Remembrance Day, saying "22,867 of our sons and daughters have fallen. We feel this in the families that were never created, in the children that were never born."
Chief IDF Rabbi Rafi Peretz opened the ceremony at Mount Herzl in Jerusalem with a prayer, followed by Kadish said by the father of fallen soldier Matan Baskind.
The IDF's three (top) amigos
Anglos honor their fallen in battles and terror attacks
Netanyahu said to those families who have lost loved ones, "I am a part of you. I know what the pain is like. I feel the scar that will never heal. I know the stages. First comes the shock. Then the denial. And then the horrible realization that our loved ones will not return. That they will only live on in our hearts and dreams."
"I know that even when the whole country stands behind you, you want to walk alone with your pain."
The prime minister said that despite the pain, the nation still has a hope for peace.
He emphasized that "we find comfort in better days," and that "only when we defend ourselves can we ensure the future of Israel."
The prime minister's speech was followed by the placing of government wreaths on soldier's graves.
Leading up to the ceremony, citizens gathered at cemeteries throughout the country for the start of Remembrance Day ceremonies.
A special ceremony for overseas Mahal volunteers who fought and died during the War of Independence was scheduled to take place at the Mahal memorial near the Sha'ar Hagai Junction.
Ceremonies were due to be held at an additional 43 cemeteries, and the Defense Ministry said it expects more than 1.5 million people to visit soldiers' graves throughout the day.
The ministry has purchased more than 1 million flowers, which will be distributed for free at the state cemeteries. The service is available on a special website sponsored by the ministry's Department for Commemorating Soldiers and can be accessed at: http://www.izkor.gov.il
Earlier Monday, Israel Police gathered at Mount Herzl in memory of the country's 1,268 fallen police officers as part of the nationwide Remembrance Day ceremonies. This year, an additional 19 names were added to the list of the fallen.
Click for special Jpost features
Launching the Remembrance Day events on Sunday, the nation bowed its head in mourning for the servicemen and -women who fell defending the land of Israel since 1860 – the year the first Jews left Jerusalem's Old City walls to settle other parts of the country.
In the past year, 183 soldiers and security personnel died while serving the state. The figure includes the Prisons Service victims of the Carmel fire.
Remembrance Day officially began at 8 p.m. Sunday when a one-minute siren sounded across the country. President Shimon Peres opened the state ceremony at the Western Wall, which was attended by Chief of General Staff Lt.-Gen. Benny Gantz and representatives of bereaved families.
Tags Mahal


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text:
Home/Latest/Reinventing Our National Game: Khelo India Winter Games
Reinventing Our National Game: Khelo India Winter Games
www.thenorthlines.com
Hockey, our national game has been lost in the noise, created from the need for fame, money, and entertainment. The losing popularity of hockey can be attributed to the lacking infrastructure and dying craze for the sport in our country. The fight for popularity amongst other sports has dimmed the connection with the fans. The reigning acceptance of Cricket dismisses the generation of sponsorships and media attention for hockey, leading to lesser interests and revenue. Lack of encouragement for the sport in educational institutions has also contributed to the struggles. With the intent of preserving its losing glory, the Winter Games Association of J&K and sports ministry crafted the Khelo India Winter Games, where the event celebrates Ice Hockey in the freezing and stunning barrenness.
Promoting the sport through event
India witnessed two successful Khelo India Winter Games in Ladakh and J&K. Both the events were funded by the sports ministry with the aim of channeling the youth's energy towards a significant direction. Our Prime Minister of India characterized the Khelo India Games as a 'movement' in spite of referring to it as just an event. The movement encourages sports like ice hockey, snow mountaineering, snow rugby, and many more. The Khelo India Winter games celebrate the soul of these sports with the aim of reflecting their uniqueness on the national and global map. The event also extends its aim towards developing J&K as the main center of winter sports. The event not only encourages the youth of India to engage in these 'less popularized but innovative' sports but also aims at ensuring an evident presence amongst the internationally organized winter games. The sports organized in J&K, Gulmarg showcased a step towards progress and peace.
The outcome of the event
The success of the first edition of the Khelo India Winter Games congregated more participants in the second edition, reflecting the accomplishment of the sole purpose. The media attention, increasing participation rates, and public curiosity indicate the growing inclination towards the included sports. Participants showcasing their talent in the event play with pride and with the desire of contributing to the self-sufficient country.
Online Gambling as a promotional strategy
The event also encourages the youth of India to engage in outdoor sports rather than consuming themselves in the virtual world. Although that being indicated, with the current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic, saving the sport will require multiple ends irrespective of the success of the Khelo India Winter Games. To maintain the momentum and buzz amongst spectators about hockey, online betting on the game can be encouraged. The growth in the online gaming sites and enthusiastic gambling players can be the answer to ensuring curiosity of the sport. Encouragement of participating in the sports, as a player or through betting can acquire the long-lost and well-deserved fame for our national game. A field hockey betting guide is available on all well-reviewed online gaming sites, which assists your interests and chances in wagering for hockey matches. The guide presents detailed attention to researches on picks, betting odds, and information about betting offers.
Field hockey betting can become a profound means for enjoying the sport. The popularity in the field of online wagering for games and sports can be extended towards hockey. Field hockey betting can institute the 'entertainment factor' missing from the sport, hockey, thereby attracting enormous attention of the spectators. Through the field hockey betting guide, the spectators can learn extensively about the game, which will contribute to their betting and in promoting the crux of the sport. Moreover, the benefits gained from online betting on any match will ensure the promotion of hockey in the world without disregarding the pandemic rules and requirements.
The discussion about the reinvention of the sport, hockey indicated traditional and contemporary efforts involving support from the government in crafting successful sports events as well as it also emphasized the significance of encouraging online betting not only for the popular sports Cricket. Online betting on hockey can ensure long-term attention and understanding amongst the spectators with the benefit of reaching out to the global population.
Dc Vs Kkr Ipl 2021 Live Cricket Score Today Indian Premier League Match Scorecard News Updates In Hindi - Dc Vs Kkr Live Score 2021: दिल्ली की तूफानी शुरुआत, पृथ्वी ने ठोके एक ओवर में लगातार छह चौके
Serena stars with James Corden in Gucci commercial
Cricket Australia monitoring situation after blast in Peshawar leaves 194 injured – Times Now
Football legend Pele extends hospital stay due to urinary infection
Rugby: All Blacks eye significant improvements after first up Bledisloe Cup win over Wallabies


text:
Q: C#: How to load a RAW image (format: rgb565) into a Bitmap? My Goal:
Display an image, which comes along in rgb565 raw format, in my Windows Forms program. (off topic: the data stems from an OV7670 camera module)
My approach:
First, I create an empty Bitmap. Next, I insert the image data (raw format: rgb565) into the payload section of the empty  Bitmap. Finally, I display the modified Bitmap within a PictureBox.
My problem:
Everything works fine, but the testimage is displayed with diagonal stripes instead of vertical stripes (see links below).
Original rgb565 raw image: Original rgb565 raw image
Screenshot of PictureBox (with diagonal stripes): Screenshot of PictureBox
I did manage to display the image by extracting R,G,B and using SetPixel(), but that's too slow for me. That's why I would like to get the code underneath to display the image in the correct way.
My Testimage can be found on dropbox here:
Testimage: Testimage

MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(1000000);

    // Read raw image into byte array
    string imgpath = "rgb565_LSB-first_313x240.raw";
    FileStream fs = new FileStream(imgpath, FileMode.Open);
    fs.CopyTo(memoryStream);
    Byte[] buffer = memoryStream.ToArray();

    // Create empty Bitmep and inject byte arrays data into bitmap's data area
    Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(313, 240, PixelFormat.Format16bppRgb565);

    // Lock the bitmap's bits.
    Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 313, 240);
    BitmapData bmpData = bmp.LockBits(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite,
                                      PixelFormat.Format16bppRgb565);
    IntPtr ptrToFirstPixel = bmpData.Scan0;

    // Inject the rgb565 data (stored in the buffer array)
    Marshal.Copy(buffer, 0, ptrToFirstPixel, buffer.Length);
    bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);

    // Diplay Bitmap in my PictureBox
    pbImage.Image = bmp;

Expected result:   vertical stripes  :-)
Actual result:   diagonal stripes  :-(

A: After 10 hours poking around in the haystack, I could finally track down
the reason, which was definitly not a banality (at least not to me).
Here it comes:
Bitmap specification requires, to pad row size to a multiple of 4 Bytes!
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/BMPfileFormat.png
Since my colorbar-testimage had 313 pixel linewidth and because every pixel was encoded rgb565, I got 626 bytes per line.
But 626 is not a multiple of 4. That's why I should have added another 2 "padding bytes" to the end of each line. And that was the reason of my diagonal stripes.
After adding these 2 padding bytes (0x00 0x00), I ended up with an Bitmap Image where the header tells you: this image has a width of 313 pixels, but the real image data consists of 314 pixels per line - it's a bit weird, but that's defined by the spec.
As soon as I modified my Bitmap to comply with this requirement of the specification, the diagonal stripes disappeared and the expected vertical striped turned out of the dark.
Since 99% of all sample code in the internet assumes multiple of 4 linewidth for their images (e.g. imageformats of 320x240 or 680x480), they all do not face my problem - but most of them will, if you feed them rgb565 images with odd number of line-pixels as I had to do.
A few additional lines (marked with "// ***") were sufficient to add the "padding trick".
(The code below is just for explaining purposes, in productive code you might want to add some optimizations)
MemoryStream memoryStream = new MemoryStream(1000000);

// Read raw image into byte array
string imgpath = "rgb565_LSB-first_313x240.raw";
FileStream fs = new FileStream(imgpath, FileMode.Open);
fs.CopyTo(memoryStream);
Byte[] buffer = memoryStream.ToArray();

// Create empty Bitmep and inject byte arrays data into bitmap's data area
Bitmap bmp = new Bitmap(313, 240, PixelFormat.Format16bppRgb565);
// Lock the bitmap's bits.
Rectangle rect = new Rectangle(0, 0, 313, 240);
BitmapData bmpData = bmp.LockBits(rect, ImageLockMode.ReadWrite, PixelFormat.Format16bppRgb565);
IntPtr ptrToFirstPixel = bmpData.Scan0;

// *** Attention:  Bitmap specification requires, to pad row size to a multiple of 4 Bytes
// *** See:        https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c4/BMPfileFormat.png
// *** Solution:   Copy buffer[] to buffer2[] and pay attention to padding (!!) at the end of each row
Byte[] buffer2 = new Byte[240 * bmpData.Stride];
for (int y = 0; y < 240; y++)
{
    Buffer.BlockCopy(buffer, y * 313 * 2, buffer2, y * bmpData.Stride, 313 * 2);
}

Marshal.Copy(buffer2, 0, ptrToFirstPixel, buffer2.Length);  // *** Use padded buffer2 instead of buffer1
bmp.UnlockBits(bmpData);
// Diplay Bitmap in my PictureBox
pbImage.Image = bmp;


text:
Awards and Appointments General
Oxford University's pioneering work in biomedical engineering has been recognised with a Queen's Anniversary Prize.
Awarded every two years, the Queen's Anniversary Prizes recognise universities and colleges which have demonstrated excellence, innovation, impact and societal benefit.
Oxford's Institute of Biomedical Engineering (IBME), which is a research institute in the Department of Engineering Science, has been at the forefront of innovation in medical technology for the past seven years, hosting world-leading projects such as the first human liver to be kept alive at body temperature outside the body.


If you're looking for fresh, quality pizza then Sandhurst is the place to be. Using fresh and quality ingredients has been the foundation of Papa Johns for years, and we believe that better ingredients make better pizzas. Take a look at our menu for a selection of delicious pizzas and side dishes, you can also check out our great deals online. While at your computer why not visit Papa's Lounge where you can have fun and save money on your order, you can even rate your pizza! You can order online to pick up in store or have your favourite pizza delivered. And while enjoying your pizza you can learn a thing or two about Sandhurst.
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text:
Reynolds, Lorillard Confirm Merger Talks
Published July 11, 2014 Reuters
U.S. cigarette maker Reynolds American Inc is in talks to acquire rival Lorillard Inc in a multi-billion dollar deal that would include the sale of some brands to Britain's Imperial Tobacco Group Plc , the companies said on Friday.
In a statement confirming what people familiar with the matter previously told Reuters, Reynolds, No. 2 player in the United States with brands including Camel and Pall Mall, said the talks were consistent with its strategy of weighing options that would help boost shareholder value.
Buying Lorillard, which has a stock market value of $22.9 billion, would give Reynolds the leading U.S. menthol cigarette Newport and its leading e-cigarette blu.
It would also give it added scale to compete with Marlboro maker Altria Group Inc, in a market that is shrinking as more Americans quit smoking but which remains one of the biggest and most profitable tobacco markets in the world.
"Reynolds is getting both a fantastic brand in Newport and strong intellectual property in the e-cig category," said analyst Philip Gorham at research firm Morningstar. "It's a good deal strategically, we just need to know what they're paying."
At banking group Wells Fargo, analyst Bonnie Herzog estimated Reynolds would pay a premium of about 20 percent to Lorillard's latest closing price of $63.09 per share, which would value the company at $27.2 billion.
Cigarette sales volumes are declining in many mature markets due to rising health consciousness and weak economies. Yet their high price places them among the most profitable consumer goods. And electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes, are growing rapidly despite the threat of increased regulation.
SUPPORTING THE DEAL
British American Tobacco Plc (BAT), which owns 42 percent of Reynolds, said that if such a deal proceeds, it would expect to support it by buying additional shares in Reynolds with the aim of maintaining its current stake.
Reynolds, Lorillard and BAT all said there were no assurances that a deal will be reached. They added that unless circumstances dictate otherwise, they did not intend to comment further.
Imperial, known for its Gauloises and Davidoff cigarettes, said it was in talks with Reynolds and Lorillard about buying certain assets they might sell but also saw no guarantee the proposed deal would come off.
A source familiar with the situation said Imperial was lining up about $7 billion to finance the potential purchase of brands such as Kool and Salem, which would ease antitrust concerns thrown up by a Reynolds-Lorillard combination.
"This transaction in our view will be very positive for the global tobacco industry and could be just the beginning of future transactions with (e-cigarettes/vapor products) being the underlying catalyst," said Wells Fargo's Herzog.
Imperial shares were up 2.9 percent at 2737 pence at 1258 GMT, while BAT shares were up 0.5 percent. (Editing by Jane Merriman and David Holmes)


Freeeup: Be One of the Top Notch Virtual Assistants (VA's) | H.O.W.P.O.!!???
Freeeup is one of the online platforms you can apply for online work at home.
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What they offer to Filipinos engaging online work at home are opportunities, rates that are fair, and a chance to climb up the ladder and master your skills to the highest level.
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We Filipinos are very hard working, so we tend to get more clients, let's say to me for example 3-4 clients (This is okay as long as you can handle it and give quality work). If your unlucky to get more clients on other online platforms like Upwork, Onlinejobs, Freelancer and other platforms, and you have the skills related to Amazon, Shopify, Easystore, etc.. try Freeeup.
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If you hired Filipinos, just want to let you know that most are silent from the beginning, but when they are accustomed, they are very talkative.
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Mainly there are two parts of Master Page.
2. Area for the child Page, which is replace by child pages content.
Next > : What is the extension for a Master Page file?
Session state variables are type safe.
Tell us the different ways to apply CSS in web page?
What should be done to avoid Script Injection?
What you should do to avoid SQL Injection?


Yes, we're kind of hooked on apples right now. We like to eat seasonally and so we're getting our fill of all things apple this fall. I made this dessert for a dinner party and the hostess asked where I bought it from. Nicest compliment ever! It looks pretty and tastes amazing. Best part? It's so fast and easy to make. It was one of those crazy days with a million kids' activities and I was able to whip this up right before we headed out the door. After dinner at our friend's house, we simply warmed it up in their oven right before serving.
Pairs well with caramel gelato. We recommend gelato over ice ceam as it's typically lower in fat. Gelato has less cream, more milk than ice cream. In addition to usually not adding any egg yolks like icecream, its churned at a much slower rate (so less air is incorporated into it) making it a denser (and in our opinion tastier) alternative!
My 9 year old daughter thought it would be fun to bake the initials of each kid into their pie, so she did.
They were definitely a hit! Not too much sugar and perfectly portioned (will share this recipe soon!) We suggest keeping some puff pastry in your freezer for times when you want a quick and simple dessert…such as this apple tart! Happy Fall!


text:
Q: Exportable class with nested object as property I'm trying to create an exportable class that has an object as a property in angular 2. The reason for this is so that I can bind my form to it using NgModel.
For example, if I have this object:
user: {
  name: string,
  address: {
    street: string,
    city: string,
    state: string
  }
}

Currently I have something similar to this:
export class User {
  name: string;
  address: any;
}

Is there a way to make the address property the same as the 'user' object without using the 'any' tag?
Seems like a simple fix, but I can't seem to find an answer.
Thank you

A: You can do it like this:
export class User {
  name: string;
  // can be single object
  address: {
    city: string,
    street: string,
    state: string
  };
  // can even be array
  addresses: {
    city: string,
    street: string,
    state: string
  }[];
}


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text:
Johann Michael Friedrich Adams, né en 1780 et mort en 1832, est un botaniste allemand au service de l'Empire russe.

Carrière

Il fait des études médicales de 1795 à 1796 à Saint-Pétersbourg. Entre 1800 et 1802, il voyage à travers le Caucase dans l'entourage du comte Moussine-Pouchkine (1760-1805). Ensuite, il dirige une expédition pour le comte Golovkine en Chine où il s'occupe de zoologie, mais cette expédition échoue. Il part ensuite pour Iakoutsk en Sibérie. En 1805-1806, il voyage le long du fleuve Léna afin de découvrir une dépouille de mammouth.

À la fin de sa vie, il devient professeur-assistant de botanique à l'académie de médecine et de chirurgie de Moscou.

Publications
Decades quinque novarum specierum plantarum, Tiflis,

Liens externes

Botaniste allemand du XIXe siècle
Botaniste de l'Empire russe au XIXe siècle
Naissance en juin 1780
Naissance à Moscou
Naissance dans le gouvernement de Moscou
Décès en juillet 1832
Décès dans le gouvernement de Moscou
Décès à 52 ans


text:
Katja Ebbinghaus (née Burgemeister, born 6 January 1948) is a former professional tennis player from Germany, active from 1969 to 1982. She reached five Grand Slam quarterfinals in singles, and a Grand Slam final in doubles, and played for West Germany in the Federation Cup in all but two years between 1970 and 1979.

Career
Ebbinghaus reached the final of the women's doubles at the 1974 French Open, partnering Gail Chanfreau. In the final, Chris Evert and Olga Morozova defeated them 6–4, 2–6, 6–1. In singles tournaments, she reached the quarterfinals of the French Open in 1972, 1973, and 1974; the quarterfinals of 1975 US Open, losing 3–6, 0–6 to Virginia Wade; and the quarter-finals of January 1977 Australian Open, losing 0–6, 4–6 to Kerry Reid.

Ebbinghaus played for West Germany in the Federation Cup in 1970 and from 1972 to 1975 and from 1977 to 1979, playing in the semifinals of the World Group in 1973 and 1974.

In 1977, when Evonne Goolagong made a return to tennis after the birth of her daughter, Ebbinghaus beat her in the first round of the Canadian Open.

Personal life
She married Dieter Ebbinghaus and they were divorced in 1974. In 1977, she moved from Munich, where she had lived for nine years, to Hamburg.

WTA Tour finals

Doubles: 3 runner-ups

References

External links

1948 births
Living people
West German female tennis players
Sportspeople from Karlsruhe
Tennis people from Baden-Württemberg


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Urdu, or more precisely Modern Standard Urdu, is a standardized register of the Hindustani language. Urdu is historically associated with the Muslims of the region of Hindustan. It is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan, and an official language of five Indian states and one of the 22 scheduled languages in the Constitution of India.
Urdu is spoken by close to 100 million people around the world. It is the official language of Pakistan. It is also spoken and understood in parts of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, the Middle East, and many other countries around the world where Pakistani communities have settled.
Apart from specialized vocabulary, it is mutually intelligible with another register of Hindustani, Standard Hindi, which is associated with the Hindu community. Since the end of the Mughal period in the nineteenth century, varieties of Hindustani have been the lingua franca for much of South Asia. The two varieties of Hindustani are nearly identical in basic structure and grammar, and at a colloquial level also in vocabulary and phonology. If considered the same language, the population of Hindi-Urdu speakers is the fourth largest of the languages of the world, after Mandarin Chinese, English and Spanish.
Urdu was created around the 1600's in Central Asia. The word 'Urdu' comes from the Turkish word 'ordu' meaning 'camp' or 'army'. It was used as a unifying communication tool between the Muslim soldiers during their conquest of Ancient India. These soldiers were of Persian, Arab, or Turkish descent. The majority of the soldiers, however, were of Persian.
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Here is some stuff that I'm currently writing. I've picked these three stories because they are some way or another related to the idol world. The last two have appearances from H!P members.
A major media CEO wants to break up a professor-idol couple so that the CEO's daughter can marry the idol. It is a thriller, which means that it has a serious tone and it has a lot of action. This has the same level of violence and romance that you'd expect in a Star Wars movie.
A group of ordinary dubbers meet Berryz Koubou. Meanwhile, other celebrities want to make life hard for the Berryz. This is written in a skit/play format, and it's written by more than one author. It's more of a comedy than anything else. Some parts are mad funny.
What happens when the Pokemon world and the idol world meet? This is a light story with original characters and H!P members having fun with their Pokemon. I just started it so there aren't that many H!P people in it yet, but they will be there soon. It's a fun, light-hearted read.
The stories are short right now, but I post updates from time to time. I'll post here after a major update.