Department of Environment and Natural Resources Region 4A CALABARZON Regional Executive Director Reynulfo Juan gave strict orders to Forester Salud Pangan, Protected Area Superintendent (PASu) of the Mounts Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected Landscape (MBSCPL to look closely into how 26 mountaineers were able to climb to up to the restricted portions of Mount San Cristobal over the long weekend.
Juan, concurrent chairman of the Protected Area Management Board of MBSCPL, was alarmed more on the safety of the mountaineers while in the area under their watch, but was glad that no untoward incident--no harm or injury, or worse, death befell the trekkers.
"There were recent deaths, six at the most in a mountaineering activity in Tarlac. I am glad they [the mount San Cristobal 26] are safe. But I heard they went to an area we [with the PAMB] have declared off limits or restricted, and they will have to answer for that," Juan declared.
He also ordered an investigation of the area where they went if there was any considerable damage done by the group during their intrusion of the prohibited area.
Having received information of the mountaineers' ascent of Mount Cristobal on August 30, 2015, a Saturday, PASu Pangan, instructed Forest Ranger Magtanggol Barrion stationed at the MBSCPL to apprehend the mountaineers. "There was no permit issued by the PAMB or the PASu Office to any person to enter the area," she said.
Forest Ranger Barrion's team apprehended the 26 at Sitio Bangka, Barangay Sta. Lucia, Dolores, Quezon while descending from Mount San Cristobal. They are: Hermon Guevarra y Tabelisma, 34, single, of Cenacle Drive, Sanville, Quezon City; Harold Abad y Mendoza, 27, single, 312 Orchids St., Katipunan Village, Taguig City; Ronald Romantico y Bacua, 23, single; Bernardino Frichmon y Pellecer, 23, single; Ivan Martinez y Saturnino, 22, single; Ombra Lemuel Gandamra y Odon, 22, single, Christian Agriam y Bugna, 28, single, gave their addresses simply as of Pembo, Makati; Vincent Villanueva y Olahay, 24, single, of Brgy. Banaba, San Mateo, Rizal; Angelo Infante y Ramos, 23, Guadalupe, Makati; Mylarie Cosette Vital y Almayda, 24, an HR officer, of Guadalupe, Makati; MaymosaSinang y Sarmiento, 25, of Pembo Makati; Kevin Christopher Tejero y Macapagal, 22, single, of San mateo Rizal; Mighty Manahan y Cubalde, 23,single, of Guadalupe, Makati City; Jigg Remo y Domingo, 23, of Mandaluyong. Raymond Gonzales y Velasquez, 34, of Las Piñas. John Mark Domingo y Rodrigo, 29, Taytay Rizal; Martin Emmanuel Sadsad y Germino, 28, single, Tanay, Rizal; Menchie Agas y Arquinez, 26, single, Makati City; Ervin Domingo y Bolante, 33, Cainta Rizal; Ronald Sadam y Urmatan, 29, Imus Cavite; Geraldine Rabago y Abryon, 35, Lagro, Quezon City; Mary Ann Jacinto Supsupin, 28, Sta. Cruz, Laguna; Elvis Pimentel y Tamaca, 31, Las Piñas; Ronald Arce y De Guzman, 22, Las Piñas; Roschell del Agua y Romagos, 22, Pasig City; and Jhomel Borlas y Magana, 22, of Pasig City.
Barrion, who was with Dolores Municipal Environment and Natural Resources Officer Randy Matibag, also a member of the MBSCPL PAMB, during the apprehension, brought the 26 to the Dolores Municipal Police Station for documentation.
Pangan filed a complaint against the 26 for 'Violation of Sek. 4 of PAMB Kautusan Bilang 01-2014 in relation to Section 18 (b) (1) RA (Republic Act) No. 9847.
The 26 were released after posting bail of PhP5,000.00 each on September 1, Tuesday. Arraignment was set on October 5, 2015 at the Municipalt Trial Court in Dolores.
Juan recalled another incident in March 2014 where he was appalled by the intrusion of a group of pilgrims into a restricted area and who triggered the burning of a sizeable portion on Mount Banahaw just before Holy Week. He said the group led by a sexagenarian were arrested, detained and charged in court. The case is still pending. They were out on bail.
The MBSCPL-PAMB Kautusan Blg. 001-2014 issued on April 2, 2014, extended the closure for another three years, taking off from an earlier resolution issued in 2012, Kapasyahan Blg. 002-2012. Declared off limits in Mount Banahaw starts in the upper part of Kinabuhayan towards the approach to Kristalino Falls to Dungaw up to Tatlong Tangke on the Dolores-side; and in Puesto Pagbuga in Brgy. Bugon and Bagong Ilaya in Brgy. Concepcion, Pinagbakuran and Concepcion Banahaw on the Sariaya-side. Included off limits are the upper portions of Mount San Cristobal, including the upper limits of Sitio Bangka, Barangay Sta. Lucia, Dolores, Quezon.


Egotism -- usually just a case of mistaken nonentity.
The United States has become a place where entertainers and professional athletes are mistaken for people of importance.
I beseech you, in the bowels of Christ, think it possible you may be mistaken. - Oliver Cromwell.
We hate the very idea that our own ideas may be mistaken, so we cling dogmatically to our conjectures.


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The Golden Legend of St. Peter's Chains
The feast of St. Peter's Chains on August 1st primarily focuses on the Apostle's angelic deliverance from his imprisonment by Herod, as recounted in Acts 12. The folklore surrounding the feast also tells of two sets of chains: those used by Herod in Jerusalem, and those used during Peter's imprisonment under Nero at the Mamertine prison in Rome. Printed below are modernized excerpts from the popular medieval work, the Golden Legend of the Saints, which discusses how the chains were recovered and the feast established in Rome.
The Feast of St. Peter ad Vincula, at Lammas
…Pope Alexander, who was the sixth after Peter, and Hermes, provost of Rome, who was converted to the faith by Alexander, were held in prison at different places by Quirinus the judge. The judge said to Hermes the provost:
"I marvel that you, who are so wise a man, would abandon the great worldly honors that you have, and the great riches that you receive from the office of provost, and leave all these things for the dream of another life."
To whom Hermes said:
"Before now I despised and scorned it, and I supposed there had been none other life than this."
Quirinus answered: "Prove to me that there is another life, and I shall join myself to your faith."
Pope Alexander I
Hermes said: "Alexander, whom you hold in prison, shall inform you better than I."
But Quirinus cursed Alexander, and said to him: "I want you yourself to prove this thing to me, and instead you direct me to Alexander, whom I have bound in chains for his evil deeds. Now I shall double the guards upon you and Alexander, and I shall set a watch. And if I find you with him or him with you, I will believe that you speak the truth.
Then he doubled their guards and told Alexander. Alexander prayed to God, and an angel came to him and brought him into the cell with Hermes. And when Quirinus came to the cell he found them both together, which caused him great amazement. And then Hermes recounted to Quirinus how Alexander had healed his son and raised him from death.
Quirinus then said to Alexander: "I have a daughter named Balbina who is sick with a goiter. If you can heal her, I promise that I shall accept your faith."
Alexander replied: "Go then, and bring her to me into my cell."
And Quirinus said to him: "How can I find you in your cell, when you are here?"
Alexander said: "Go your way, for He that brought me here shall soon bring me back there."
Quirinus then went and fetched his daughter, and brought her to Alexander's cell where he found him inside, and then he knelt down at his feet. And his daughter began to kiss the chains with which Alexander was bound, hoping thereby to receive her health.
But Alexander said to her: "Daughter, do not kiss my chains, but seek the chains of St. Peter and kiss them with devotion, and thou shalt receive thy health."
Reliquary containing the Chains of St. Peter, Rome
So Quirinus set out to seek the chains of Peter, and these were found. And Alexander bade his daughter to kiss them. As soon as she had done so, she received her health and was all whole. Then Quirinus demanded pardon and forgiveness, and delivered Alexander out of prison, and received holy Baptism: he and all his attendants and many others. Then Alexander established this holy feast to be kept always on the first day of August, and he made a church in honor of S. Peter, where he set the chains and named it St. Peter ad vincula.
And to that church come many people at that solemnity, and the people there kiss the bonds and chains of St. Peter.
The month of August was formerly called Sextilis. The people dedicated and named it after Augustus in honor and remembrance of the victory that the emperor had on the first day of this month. All the Romans kept that day as a great solemnity until the time of Theodosius the emperor, who began to reign in the year of our Lord 426.
At that time Eudosia, daughter of the said Theodosius the emperor, and wife of Valens, went by a vow to Jerusalem. There a Jew gave to her for great love a great gift: the two chains with which St. Peter was bound under Herod. She was overjoyed at this, yet when she returned to Rome she saw that the Romans kept the first day of August in honor of a dead pagan emperor. She was very sorrowful because they gave so much honor to a man who was damned, and she thought that they would not lightly give up this custom. If possible, she wished not to leave the day as it then was, but to remake it instead in honor of S. Peter, that all the people should call it St. Peter ad Vincula.
And she discussed the matter with St. Pelagius the Pope, then declared with fair words that the prince of pagans was now forgotten, and the memory of the prince of the apostles would be kept instead. And this pleased all the people. Then she brought forth the chains that she had brought from Jerusalem, and showed them to the public. Then the pope brought out the chain with which Peter had been bound under Nero, and as soon as that chain touched the others, all three by a miracle were made one, as if they had never been separated.
The pope and the queen thus established that the people's foolish custom of making solemnity of a pagan, was changed into a better one for St. Peter, prince of the apostles. And the pope and the queen set the chains in the church of St. Peter ad Vincula. And the queen gave to said church great gifts and privileges, and it was established that day to be hallowed over all.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Home / News & Events / Press Releases
WANO Statement 5 on the Situation in Ukraine
WANO fully supports the IAEA and its Director-General Rafael Grossi, who has travelled to Antalya in Turkey today at the invitation of Turkish Foreign Minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu to meet the parties involved in the Ukraine conflict. "In meetings there, I hope to make progress on the urgent issue of ensuring the safety and security of Ukraine's nuclear facilities. We need to act now," Grossi said.
WANO has prepared a statement to aid Grossi in support of his discussions in Antalya, Turkey. It reads as follows:
WANO view on situation in Ukraine
It is WANO's view that there can be no interference of any kind with Ukrainian member operators' ability to safely perform their work.
WANO's performance objectives and criteria and safety principles provide high standards to guide nuclear plant operators worldwide on safe nuclear facility operation. WANO is concerned about factors in the current situation that may challenge these high standards of operation, including:
Staff not readily being rested, and under great stress, could jeopardize fitness for duty
Difficulties in providing supplies to stations
Risk of inadequate supply of electricity for stations due to loss of offsite power
Fuel supply for long-term operation of emergency diesel generators
Possible external pressure that could jeopardize conservative decision making and the principle of safety being the highest priority
Weakened or disrupted communication lines with the regulator and support organisations such as IAEA and WANO
WANO has extensive data on nuclear power plant operations, and a well-established network for the sharing of operating experience and coordinating support among the world's nuclear operators.
They must continue to be ready access by Ukraine plant operators to these resources, and the availability of support from the global nuclear industry if needed.
WANO Supports IAEA 7 fundamental pillars
As a representative of all commercial nuclear operators, WANO supports the IAEA 7 pillars for nuclear safety.
We as an organisation ask all parties to respect the IAEA 7 fundamental pillars:
The physical integrity of the facilities – whether it is the reactors, fuel ponds, or radioactive waste stores – must be maintained;
All safety and security systems and equipment must be fully functional at all times;
The operating staff must be able to fulfil their safety and security duties and have the capacity to make decisions free of undue pressure;
There must be secure off-site power supply from the grid for all nuclear sites;
There must be uninterrupted logistical supply chains and transportation to and from the sites;
There must be effective on-site and off-site radiation monitoring systems and emergency preparedness and response measures; and
There must be reliable communications with the regulator and others.
WANO supports immediate establishment of a nuclear safety framework at all nuclear facilities in the Ukraine that ensures that the seven pillars of nuclear safety and security are achieved and maintained.
This section - News & Events
Inside WANO Magazine


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Justice Minister: Hungary treated as the black sheep for migration stance
Justice Minister Judit Varga said that Hungary was treated as a "black sheep just for rejecting migration", in an interview published in German daily Die Welt.
Judit Varga
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Minister Varga praised the work of the European Union's German presidency, saying its "balance is positive … despite the coronavirus epidemic" ravaging the continent. The priority now should be distributing the 750 billion euro recovery fund, allocated to offset the fallout of the pandemic, as quickly as possible, she said.
According to MTI, the minister noted that under German presidency, the Council and the European Parliament have concluded an agreement on making EU funding conditional on adhering to rule of law regulations. Minister Varga called the agreement a "bad compromise" that endangered the rule of law rather than protecting it. One consequence of the agreement could be that Brussels could employ "ideological blackmail" against member states by forcing them to adopt its political views, she said.
Minister Varga noted that the European Council had in July adopted an agreement saying that the EU's multiannual budget and the recovery fund could not be tied to rule of law issues. The Hungarian government views all packages running afoul of that agreement as unacceptable, she said. The core values of the EU should be protected by open debate and "unanimous amendments to the EU treaty," she said. "We want to protect our Christian roots. We don't want a multicultural society. We want to keep marriage as a bond between a woman and a man … Certain issues are decided by the states," Minister Varga said.


Twenty talented youngsters who are winners of this year's Wendover Rotary Christmas Story Competition attended a presentation ceremony at Weston Turville School.
Year 6 pupils from Aston Clinton Combined, Long Marston Primary, Wendover Junior and Weston Turville Schools had written stories about Christmas, providing 150 stories in all. Each of the 20 winners had their story published in a book available at the event on Thursday, February 4. They were also given an Usbourne Dictionary for Life and a Highly Commended certificate.
The top three story writers in each school were given Amazon vouchers. These winners had been chosen by the first judges who were adults including Rotarians and members of a Wendover Book Club.
Phil Bannister, area manager of Harpenden Building Society, gave out the prizes to the winners from each school and sponsored the competition.
The 20 stories were then given to a panel of John Colet pupils for overall third, second and first prizes and the authors each received a silver cup trophy to keep.
Pupils and families alike were clearly thrilled as the three overall winning stories were read out for all to enjoy.
Special thanks must go to Julie Kaplan of John Colet School who co-ordinated the John Colet judges and took back their thank you prizes. Roger Phillips, Rotary District Youth Service Chair, gave out the cups to the overall winners.
Chalmers Cursley, Rotary District Governor Elect made the closing remarks, warmly congratulating all the winners and thanking President Linda Downey and her Wendover Rotary for organising this annual competition for the sixth time.


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/ First published in TomDispatch, 7 july 2011.
Bradley Manning, American hero
Four reasons why Pfc. Bradley Manning deserves the presidential medal of freedom, not a prison cell
by Chase Madar, 19 July 2011
We still don't know if he did it or not, but if Bradley Manning, the 24-year-old Army private from Oklahoma, actually supplied WikiLeaks with its choicest material — the Iraq War logs, the Afghan War logs, and the State Department cables — which startled and riveted the world, then he deserves the Presidential Medal of Freedom instead of a jail cell at Fort Leavenworth.
President Obama recently gave one of those medals to retiring Secretary of Defense Robert Gates, who managed the two bloody, disastrous wars about which the WikiLeaks-released documents revealed so much. Is he really more deserving than the young private who, after almost ten years of mayhem and catastrophe, gave Americans — and the world — a far fuller sense of what our government is actually doing abroad?
Bradley Manning, awaiting a court martial in December, faces the prospect of long years in prison. He is charged with violating the Espionage Act of 1917. He has put his sanity and his freedom on the line so that Americans might know what our government has done — and is still doing — globally. He has blown the whistle on criminal violations of American military law. He has exposed our secretive government's pathological over-classification of important public documents.
Here are four compelling reasons why, if he did what the government accuses him of doing, he deserves that medal, not jail time.
1: At great personal cost, Bradley Manning has given our foreign policy elite the public supervision it so badly needs.
In the past 10 years, American statecraft has moved from calamity to catastrophe, laying waste to other nations while never failing to damage our own national interests. Do we even need to be reminded that our self-defeating response to 9/11 in Iraq and Afghanistan (and Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia) has killed roughly 225,000 civilians and 6,000 American soldiers, while costing our country more than $3.2 trillion? We are hemorrhaging blood and money. Few outside Washington would argue that any of this is making America safer.
An employee who screwed up this badly would either be fired on the spot or put under heavy supervision. Downsizing our entire foreign policy establishment is not an option. However, the website WikiLeaks has at least tried to make public scrutiny of our self-destructive statesmen and -women a reality by exposing their work to ordinary citizens.
Consider our invasion of Iraq, a war based on distortions, government secrecy, and the complaisant failure of our major media to ask the important questions. But what if someone like Bradley Manning had provided the press with the necessary government documents, which would have made so much self-evident in the months before the war began? Might this not have prevented disaster? We'll never know, of course, but could additional public scrutiny have been salutary under the circumstances?
Thanks to Bradley Manning's alleged disclosures, we do have a sense of what did happen afterwards in Iraq and Afghanistan, and just how the U.S. operates in the world. Thanks to those disclosures, we now know just how Washington leaned on the Vatican to quell opposition to the Iraq War and just how it pressured the Germans to prevent them from prosecuting CIA agents who kidnapped an innocent man and shipped him off to be tortured abroad.
As our foreign policy threatens to careen into yet more disasters in Yemen, Pakistan, Somalia, and Libya, we can only hope that more whistleblowers will follow the alleged example of Bradley Manning and release vital public documents before it's too late. A foreign policy based on secrets and spin has manifestly failed us. In a democracy, the workings of our government should not be shrouded in an opaque cloud of secrecy. For bringing us the truth, for breaking the seal on that self-protective policy of secrecy, Bradley Manning deserves the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
2: Knowledge is powerful. The WikiLeaks disclosures have helped spark democratic revolutions and reforms across the Middle East, accomplishing what Operation Iraqi Freedom never could.
Wasn't it American policy to spread democracy in the Middle East, to extend our freedom to others, as both recent American presidents have insisted?
No single American has done more to help further this goal than Pfc. Bradley Manning. The chain reaction of democratic protests and uprisings that has swept Egypt, Libya, Bahrain, Syria, Yemen, and even in a modest way Iraq, all began in Tunisia, where leaked U.S. State Department cables about the staggering corruption of the ruling Ben Ali dynasty helped trigger the rebellion. In all cases, these societies were smoldering with longstanding grievances against oppressive, incompetent governments and economies stifled by cronyism. The revelations from the WikiLeaks State Department documents played a widely acknowledged role in sparking these pro-democracy uprisings.
In Egypt, Tunisia, Bahrain, and Yemen, the people's revolts under way have occurred despite U.S. support for their autocratic rulers. In each of these nations, in fact, we bankrolled the dictators, while helping to arm and train their militaries. The alliance with Mubarak's autocratic state cost the U.S. more than $60 billion and did nothing for American security — other than inspire terrorist blowback from radicalized Egyptians like Mohammad Atta and Ayman al-Zawahiri.
Even if U.S. policy was firmly on the wrong side of things, we should be proud that at least one American — Bradley Manning — was on the right side. If indeed he gave those documents to WikiLeaks, then he played a catalytic role in bringing about the Arab Spring, something neither Barack Obama nor former Secretary of Defense Robert Gates (that recent surprise recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom) could claim. Perhaps once the Egyptians consolidate their democracy, they, too, will award Manning their equivalent of such a medal.
3: Bradley Manning has exposed the pathological over-classification of America's public documents.
"Secrecy is for losers," as the late Senator and United Nations Ambassador Daniel Patrick Moynihan used to say. If this is indeed the case, it would be hard to find a bigger loser than the U.S. government.
How pathological is our government's addiction to secrecy? In June, the National Security Agency declassified documents from 1809, while the Department of Defense only last month declassified the Pentagon Papers, publicly available in book form these last four decades. Our government is only just now finishing its declassification of documents relating to World War I.
This would be ridiculous if it weren't tragic. Ask the historians. Barton J. Bernstein, professor emeritus of history at Stanford University and a founder of its international relations program, describes the government's classification of foreign-policy documents as "bizarre, arbitrary, and nonsensical." George Herring, professor emeritus at the University of Kentucky and author of the encyclopedic From Colony to Superpower: A History of U.S. Foreign Policy, has chronicled how his delight at being appointed to a CIA advisory panel on declassification turned to disgust once he realized that he was being used as window dressing by an agency with no intention of opening its records, no matter how important or how old, to public scrutiny.
Any historian worth his salt would warn us that such over-classification is a leading cause of national amnesia and repetitive war disorder. If a society like ours doesn't know its own history, it becomes the great power equivalent of a itinerant amnesiac, not knowing what it did yesterday or where it will end up tomorrow. Right now, classification is the disease of Washington, secrecy its mania, and dementia its end point. As an ostensibly democratic nation, we, its citizens, risk such ignorance at our national peril.
President Obama came into office promising a "sunshine" policy for his administration while singing the praises of whistleblowers. He has since launched the fiercest campaign against whistleblowers the republic has ever seen, and further plunged our foreign policy into the shadows. Challenging the classification of each tightly guarded document is, however, impossible. No organization has the resources to fight this fight, nor would they be likely to win right now. Absent a radical change in our government's diplomatic and military bureaucracies, massive over-classification will only continue.
If we hope to know what our government is actually doing in our name globally, we need massive leaks from insider whistleblowers to journalists who can then sort out what we need to know, given that the government won't. This, in fact, has been the modus operandi of WikiLeaks. Our whistleblower protection laws urgently need to catch up to this state of affairs, and though we are hardly there yet, Bradley Manning helped take us part of the way. He did what Barack Obama swore he would do on coming into office. For striking a blow against our government's fanatical insistence on covering its mistakes and errors with blanket secrecy, Bradley Manning deserves not punishment, but the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
4. At immense personal cost, Bradley Manning has upheld a great American tradition of transparency in statecraft and for that he should be an American hero, not an American felon.
Bradley Manning is only the latest in a long line of whistleblowers in and out of uniform who have risked everything to put our country back on the right path.
Take Daniel Ellsberg, leaker of the Pentagon Papers, a Pentagon-commissioned secret history of the Vietnam War and the official lies and distortions that the government used to sell it. Many of the documents it included were classed at a much higher security clearance than anything Bradley Manning is accused of releasing — and yet Ellsberg was not convicted of a single crime and became a national hero.
Given the era when all this went down, it's forgivable to assume that Ellsberg must have been a hippie who somehow sneaked into the Pentagon archives, beads and patchouli trailing behind him. What many no longer realize is that Ellsberg had been a model U.S. Marine. First in his class at officer training school at Quantico, he deferred graduate school at Harvard to remain on active duty in the Marine Corps. Ellsberg saw his high-risk exposure of the disastrous and deceitful nature of the Vietnam War as fully consonant with his long career of patriotic service in and out of uniform.
And Ellsberg is hardly alone. Ask Lt. Colonel (ret.) Darrel Vandeveld. Or Tom Drake, formerly of the National Security Agency.
Transparency in statecraft was not invented last week by WikiLeaks creator Julian Assange. It is a longstanding American tradition. James Madison put the matter succinctly: "A popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy; or, perhaps both."
A 1960 Congressional Committee on Government Operations report caught the same spirit: "Secrecy — the first refuge of incompetents — must be at a bare minimum in a democratic society… Those elected or appointed to positions of executive authority must recognize that government, in a democracy, cannot be wiser than the people." John F. Kennedy made the same point in 1961: "The very word 'secrecy' is repugnant in a free and open society." Hugo Black, great Alabaman justice of the twentieth-century Supreme Court had this to say: "The guarding of military and diplomatic secrets at the expense of informed representative government provides no real security for our Republic." And the first of World-War-I-era president Woodrow Wilson's 14 Points couldn't have been more explicit: "Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view."
We need to know what our government's commitments are, as our foreign policy elites have clearly demonstrated they cannot be left to their own devices. Based on the last decade of carnage and folly, without public debate — and aggressive media investigations — we have every reason to expect more of the same.
If there's anything to learn from that decade, it's that government secrecy and lies come at a very high price in blood and money. Thanks to the whistleblowing revelations attributed to Bradley Manning, we at least have a far clearer picture of the problems we face in trying to supervise our own government. If he was the one responsible for the WikiLeaks revelations, then for his gift to the republic, purchased at great price, he deserves not prison, but a Presidential Medal of Freedom and the heartfelt gratitude of his country.
Civil rights lawyer based in New York and co-author of Safety With Dignity, New York, July 2009
TomDispatch, 7 july 2011.
Chase Madar is a lawyer in New York and a frequent contributor to the London Review of Books, the American Conservative magazine, CounterPunch.org, and Le Monde Diplomatique. His next book, The Passion of Bradley Manning, will be published by O/R Books this fall. He is covering the Bradley Manning case and trial for TomDispatch.com. To listen to Timothy MacBain's latest TomCast audio interview in which Madar discusses the Manning case, click here, or download it to your iPod here.
Here is a terrific article you should definitely read: "Bradley Manning, American hero", by Chase Madar (July 2011) // https://mondediplo.com/6088


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The Peace Bridge
The Peace Bridge Public Authority selected NORR Limited Architects and Engineers to design their new land border facility in January 2004. Completed in 6 months, the facility located on the Canadian side of the Peace Bridge at Fort Erie, Ontario, is comprised of a new Refugee Processing Centre, Canadian customs, and the authority's administration building with new tollbooths.
The Peace Bridge is the third largest land border crossing in Ontario and deals with a substantial amount of daily traffic. The architects were faced with the challenge to plan and build a new facility that would replace the existing one, while not interfering with it's daily operations including traffic flow off the bridge onto the highway starting at the west end of the authorities property.
Custom Precast Solution
Precast concrete offered the creative flexibility to provide the ultimate design solution; sectioned precast units, post-tensioned together on site with rapid erection times to create a massive radial canopy structure suspended 4.7 m above on cast in place columns.
The precast segments incorporated normal reinforcing steel and lateral post-tensioning ducts. Each unit measures 2.8 m x 11.5 m making the total canopy 42 m in length. The units were manufactured in Pre-Con's modern production facility in Brampton, Ontario. A typical unit weighed approximately 34 tonnes. 15 radial units in all make up the canopy.
Canopy roof segments were transported to the site on flat bed trucks and assembled to form the canopy in 2 halves. The client's major concern not to interrupt traffic was accomplished. This erection and the redirection of traffic occurred very quickly. A center splice permitted erection and tensioning while the other area was open for traffic.
Each canopy section was cast in a custom constructed wood form. The exposed surfaces used a urethane rubber form liner. The form liner imprinted the underside of the canopy with a rustic rough saw board finish. This casting liner came from a 150-year-old barn slated for demolition in northern Michigan State. The gently curved underside of the canopy with the rough sawn board finish relates to the proposed real wood canopy of the secondary inspection area building.
The form liner and mold will be reused in the second stage of construction in the following year when 34 more units will be created and erected to make up the primary inspection canopy at the customs area. Spreading the use of the form and liner out to a total 49 sections will give the client an economical and unique solution.
Project Facts:
Type: Precast post-tensioned custom-made concrete canopy for toll collection lanes
Location: Peace Bridge, Canadian Plaza, Fort Erie, Ontario
Dimensions: 15 units of 2.8 m x 11.5 m making a monolithic radial canopy of 42 m x 11.5 m suspended on cast in place concrete columns 4.7m above grade
Construction Time: 6 month (total project), 6 weeks for the casting and erection of the precast sections
Project Completion: April 2005
Credits:Owner: Buffalo & Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority
Architect: NORR Limited Architects and Engineers
General Contractor: Newman Bros. Limited
Engineer: NORR Limited Architects and Engineers
Precaster: Pre-Con Inc.


text:
Interim Content
Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845
Minutes and Ordinances, 3 February 1841 • Wednesday Page 1 Ordinance, 3 February 1841–A Page 2 Ordinance, 3 February 1841–B Page 4 Minutes and Ordinance, 8 February 1841 • Monday Page 5 Ordinance, 8 February 1841 Page 6 Minutes and Ordinance, 15 February 1841 • Monday Page 7 Ordinance, 15 February 1841 Page 8 Minutes, Resolutions, and Ordinances, 22 February 1841 • Monday Page 8 Resolution, 22 February 1841–A Page 9 Ordinance, 22 February 1841 Page 9 Resolution, 22 February 1841–B Page 10 Ordinance, 1 March 1841–C Page 9 Minutes, Ordinances, and Resolution, 1 March 1841 • Monday Page 11 Ordinance, 1 March 1841–A Page 11 Ordinance, 1 March 1841–B Page 11 Ordinance, 1 March 1841–D Page 12 Ordinance, 1 March 1841–E Page 13 Ordinance, 1 March 1841–F Page 14 Resolution, 1 March 1841–B Page 14 Minutes, 8 March 1841 • Monday Page 15 Minutes, 15 March 1841 • Monday Page 16 Minutes and Ordinance, 29 March 1841 • Monday Page 17 Ordinance, 29 March 1841 Page 17 Minutes, 12 April 1841 • Monday Page 17 Minutes, 26 April 1841 • Monday Page 18 Minutes, 1 May 1841 • Saturday Page 18 Minutes, 21 May 1841 • Friday Page 19 Minutes, 12 July 1841 • Monday Page 20 Minutes and Resolution, 4 September 1841 • Saturday Page 21 Resolution, 4 September 1841 Page 21 Minutes, 16 October 1841 • Saturday Page 22 Minutes and Resolution, 23 October 1841 • Saturday Page 24 Resolution, 23 October 1841 Page 24 Minutes, 30 October 1841 • Saturday Page 25 Minutes, 1 November 1841 • Monday Page 27 Minutes and Resolutions, 6 November 1841 • Saturday Page 28 Resolution, 6 November 1841–A Page 29 Resolution, 6 November 1841–B Page 29 Resolution, 6 November 1841–C Page 29 Minutes, Resolution, and Ordinances, 13 November 1841 • Saturday Page 29 Resolution, 13 November 1841 Page 30 Ordinance, 13 November 1841–A Page 30 Ordinance, 13 November 1841–B Page 30 Ordinance, 13 November 1841–C Page 31 Minutes, 20 November 1841 • Saturday Page 32 Minutes, Resolutions, and Ordinances, 27 November 1841 • Saturday Page 33 Resolution, 27 November 1841–A Page 33 Ordinance, 27 November 1841–A Page 33 Ordinance, 27 November 1841–B Page 34 Resolution, 27 November 1841–B Page 35 Resolution, 27 November 1841–C Page 35 Resolution, 27 November 1841–D Page 35 Minutes and Resolutions, 4 December 1841 • Saturday Page 35 Resolution, 4 December 1841–A Page 36 Resolution, 4 December 1841–B Page 36 Minutes and Resolutions, 18 December 1841 • Saturday Page 36 Resolution, 18 December 1841–A Page 37 Resolution, 18 December 1841–B Page 37 Minutes, 1 January 1842 • Saturday Page 38 Minutes, 15 January 1842 • Saturday Page 39 Minutes, Resolutions, and Ordinance, 22 January 1842 • Saturday Page 41 Resolution, 22 January 1842–A Page 42 Resolution, 22 January 1842–B Page 42 Resolution, 22 January 1842–C Page 43 Resolution, 22 January 1842–D Page 43 Ordinance, 22 January 1842 Page 43 Minute Entry, Rules of Order, 22 January 1842 Page 45 Minutes, Resolutions, and Ordinance, 12 February 1842 • Saturday Page 53 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 12 February 1842 Page 53 Resolution, 12 February 1842–A Page 53 Resolution, 12 February 1842–C Page 53 Resolution, 12 February 1842–B Page 53 Resolution, 12 February 1842–D Page 53 Resolution, 12 February 1842–E Page 54 Ordinance, 12 February 1842 Page 54 Resolution, 17 February 1842–A Page 58 Resolution, 17 February 1842–B Page 59 Resolution, 17 February 1842–C Page 59 Resolution, 17 February 1842–D Page 59 Minute Entry, Resignation of Fees of City Officers, 17–18 February 1842 Page 60 Ordinance, 17 February 1842 Page 76 Resolution, 18 February 1842–A Page 59 City Council Order, 18 February 1842 Page 59 Resolution, 18 February 1842–B Page 60 Resolution, 5 March 1842–A Page 60 Resolution, 5 March 1842–B Page 60 Resolution, 5 March 1842–C Page 60 Resolution, 5 March 1842–D Page 61 Resolution, 5 March 1842–E Page 61 Resolution, 5 March 1842–F Page 61 Resolution, 5 March 1842–G Page 62 Ordinance, 5 March 1842–A Page 62 Resolution, 5 March 1842–H Page 65 Resolution, 5 March 1842–I Page 65 Resolution, 5 March 1842–J Page 65 Resolution, 5 March 1842–K Page 65 Resolution, 5 March 1842–L Page 66 Resolution, 5 March 1842–M Page 66 Resolution, 5 March 1842–N Page 66 Ordinance, 5 March 1842–B Page 66 Minute Entry, Appointment of JS, 5 March 1842 Page 67 Resolution, 5 March 1842–O Page 67 Resolution, 9 April 1842–A Page 67 Resolution, 9 April 1842–B Page 67 Resolution, 9 April 1842–C Page 68 Court Case, Higgins v. Robison, 9 April 1842 Page 68 Resolution, 9 April 1842–E Page 68 Resolution, 9 April 1842–F Page 68 Resolution, 9 April 1842–G Page 68 Resolution, 9 April 1842–H Page 69 Resolution, 9 April 1842–I Page 69 Ordinance, 9 April 1842–A Page 69 Resolution, 9 April 1842–J Page 69 Resolution, 9 April 1842–K Page 69 Resolution, 9 April 1842–L Page 70 Resolution, 9 April 1842–M Page 70 Resolution, 9 April 1842–N Page 70 Ordinance, 9 April 1842–B Page 70 Ordinance, 22 April 1842–A Page 73 Ordinance, 22 April 1842–B Page 74 Ordinance, 22 April 1842–C Page 74 Ordinance, 22 April 1842–D Page 75 Resolution, 22 April 1842–A Page 75 Resolution, 22 April 1842–B Page 75 Resolution, 22 April 1842–C Page 76 Resolution, 22 April 1842–D Page 76 Ordinance, 14 May 1842–A Page 77 Resolution, 14 May 1842–A Page 77 Resolution, 14 May 1842–B Page 77 Resolution, 14 May 1842–C Page 78 Ordinance, 14 May 1842–B Page 78 Resolution, 14 May 1842–D Page 79 Ordinance, 14 May 1842–C Page 79 Resolution, 14 May 1842–E Page 79 Resolution, 14 May 1842–F Page 80 Resolution, 14 May 1842–G Page 80 Resolution, 19 May 1842–A Page 80 Minute Entry, Appointment of JS, 19 May 1842 Page 81 Minute Entry, Appointment of Hyrum Smith, 19 May 1842 Page 81 Resolution, 19 May 1842–B Page 81 Minute Entry, Appointment of George A. Smith, 19 May 1842 Page 81 Minute Entry, Appointment of William Smith, 19 May 1842 Page 81 Minute Entry, Appointments of George A. Smith and Others, 19 May 1842 Page 82 Resolution, 19 May 1842–C Page 82 Resolution, 19 May 1842–D Page 82 Resolution, 19 May 1842–E Page 82 Resolution, 19 May 1842–F Page 83 Resolution, 19 May 1842–G Page 83 Resolution, 23 May 1842–A Page 83 Minute Entry, Appointment of Samuel Smith, 23 May 1842–A Page 83 Minute Entry, Appointment of Dimick B. Huntington, 23 May 1842 Page 83 Resolution, 23 May 1842–B Page 83 Resolution, 23 May 1842–C Page 84 Resolution, 23 May 1842–D Page 84 Minute Entry, Appointment of Samuel Smith, 23 May 1842–B Page 84 Minute Entry, Appointment of Samuel Smith, 11 June 1842 Page 84 Resolution, 11 June 1842–A Page 84 Resolution, 11 June 1842–B Page 84 Resolution, 11 June 1842–C Page 85 Resolution, 11 June 1842–D Page 85 Resolution, 11 June 1842–E Page 85 Minute Entry, Appointment of Charles Warner, 11 June 1842 Page 85 Resolution, 22 June 1842 Page 86 Ordinance, 22 June 1842 Page 86 Ordinance, 5 July 1842–A Page 86 Ordinance, 5 July 1842–B Page 87 Ordinance, 5 July 1842–C Page 87 Resolution, 5 July 1842 Page 88 Ordinance, 12 July 1842–A Page 88 Ordinance, 12 July 1842–B Page 93 Ordinance, 12 July 1842–C Page 94 Minute Entry, Appointments of Dimick B. Huntington and Charles Warner, 12 July 1842 Page 94 City Council Order, 12 July 1842–A Page 94 City Council Order, 12 July 1842–B Page 94 Resolution, 22 July 1842 Page 95 Petition, Hyrum Smith and Others to Thomas Carlin, 22 July 1842 Page 95 Minute Entry, Appointment of Amasa Lyman, 5 August 1842 Page 97 Ordinance, 8 August 1842 Page 98 Resolution, 20 August 1842–A Page 99 Resolution, 20 August 1842–B Page 99 Resolution, 20 August 1842–C Page 99 Minute Entry, Appointment of Orson Spencer, 20 August 1842 Page 100 Minute Entry, Appointment of Amasa Lyman, 20 August 1842 Page 100 Resolution, 20 August 1842–D Page 100 Resolution, 20 August 1842–E Page 100 Resolution, 9 September 1842 Page 100 Minute Entry, Appointments of Shadrach Roundy and Others, 9 September 1842 Page 101 Minute Entry, Appointment of Dimick B. Huntington, 9 September 1842 Page 101 Minute Entry, Appointment of William Clayton, 9 September 1842 Page 101 Ordinance, 9 September 1842 Page 101 Ordinance, 26 September 1842–A Page 101 Ordinance, 26 September 1842–B Page 102 Ordinance, 26 September 1842–C Page 102 Minute Entry, Appointment of James Sloan, 26 September 1842 Page 103 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 26 September 1842 Page 103 Minute Entry, 26 September 1842 Page 103 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 8 October 1842 Page 103 Resolution, 8 October 1842–A Page 103 Resolution, 8 October 1842–B Page 104 Resolution, 8 October 1842–C Page 104 Ordinance, 25 October 1842–A Page 104 Ordinance, 25 October 1842–B Page 105 Minute Entry, 25 October 1842 Page 105 City Council Order, 31 October 1842 Page 105 Ordinance, 31 October 1842 Page 106 Resolution, 12 November 1842 Page 118 Ordinance, 14 November 1842 Page 119 City Council Order, 14 November 1842 Page 129 Minute Entry, 14 November 1842 Page 129 Ordinance, 26 November 1842 Page 129 Minute Entry, Appointments of John Higbee and Others, 26 November 1842 Page 130 Resolution, 26 November 1842 Page 131 Resolution, 14 January 1843–A Page 131 Ordinance, 14 January 1843–A Page 131 Resolution, 14 January 1843–B Page 140 Minute Entry, Appointments of George W. Harris and Others, 14 January 1843 Page 140 Ordinance, 14 January 1843–B Page 141 Report from Lewis Robison, 14 January 1843 Page 146 Resolution, 14 January 1843–C Page 147 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–A Page 147 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–B Page 147 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–C Page 148 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 30 January 1843 Page 148 Resolution, 30 January 1843–A Page 148 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–D Page 149 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–E Page 149 Resolution, 30 January 1843–B Page 149 Resolution, 30 January 1843–C Page 149 Ordinance, 30 January 1843 Page 149 Ordinances, 30 January 1843 Page 151 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–F Page 158 City Council Order, 30 January 1843–G Page 158 Resolution, 30 January 1843–D Page 159 Notice of Election of City Officers, 11 February 1843 Page 159 Minute Entry, Board of Health, 11 February 1843 Page 159 Minute Entry, Committee Appointments, 11 February 1843 Page 159 Resolution, 11 February 1843–A Page 160 Resolution, 11 February 1843–B Page 160 Resolution, 11 February 1843–C Page 160 City Council Order, 11 February 1843–A Page 161 City Council Order, 11 February 1843–B Page 161 Minute Entry, Resignation of Fees, 11 February 1843 Page 161 Resolution, 11 February 1843–D Page 161 Minute Entry, 25 February 1843–A Page 162 City Council Order, 25 February 1843 Page 162 Ordinance, 25 February 1843–A Page 162 Ordinance, 25 February 1843–B Page 163 Resolution, 25 February 1843 Page 166 Minute Entry, Appointment of Wilson Law, 25 February 1843 Page 167 Minute Entry, 25 February 1843–B Page 167 Ordinance, 4 March 1843 Page 167 Minute Entry, Appointment of Samuel Bennett, 4 March 1843 Page 168 Minute Entry, Appointments of Albert P. Rockwood and Others, 4 March 1843 Page 168 Minute Entry, Appointment of JS, 4 March 1843 Page 168 City Council Order, 4 March 1843 Page 169 City Council Order, 11 March 1843–A Page 169 City Council Order, 11 March 1843–B Page 169 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 11 March 1843–A Page 169 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 11 March 1843–B Page 169 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 11 March 1843–C Page 170 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 11 March 1843–D Page 170 Resolution, 11 March 1843 Page 170 Ordinance, 11 March 1843 Page 170 Letter, Thompson Campbell to James Sloan, 14 April 1843 Page 172 City Council Order, 15 April 1843–A Page 170 Minute Entry, Rejection of Petition, 15 April 1843 Page 171 City Council Order, 15 April 1843–B Page 171 City Council Order, 15 April 1843–C Page 171 Minute Entry, 15 April 1843 Page 172 City Council Order, 15 April 1843–D Page 172 Ordinance, 12 May 1843 Page 173 City Council Order, 12 May 1843–A Page 174 City Council Order, 12 May 1843–B Page 174 City Council Order, 12 May 1843–C Page 174 Ordinance, 1 June 1843–A Page 175 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 1 June 1843–A Page 176 Ordinance, 1 June 1843–B Page 177 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 1 June 1843–B Page 179 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 1 June 1843–C Page 179 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 1 June 1843–D Page 180 Minute Entry, Appointments of Edward Hunter and Others, 1 June 1843 Page 180 Letter, John Taylor and Others to Thomas Ford, 6 June 1843 Page 177 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim and Order, 7 June 1843 Page 180 Minute Entry, 10 June 1843 Page 180 Minute Entry, Rejection of Petitions, 10 June 1843 Page 181 Ordinance, 10 June 1843 Page 181 City Council Order, 10 June 1843 Page 182 Ordinance, 29 June 1843–A Page 182 Ordinance, 29 June 1843–B Page 184 Ordinance, 29 June 1843–C Page 185 Minute Entry, Appointment of Willard Richards, 12 August 1843 Page 186 Ordinance, 12 August 1843 Page 186 City Council Order, 12 August 1843 Page 186 Ordinance, 18 September 1843–A Page 187 Ordinance, 18 September 1843–B Page 188 Minute Entry, Appointment of William E. Horner, 14 October 1843 Page 189 Minute Entry, 31 October 1843 Page 189 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 11 November 1843 Page 189 Minute Entry, Appointment of Albert P. Rockwood and Others, 11 November 1843 Page 190 Minute Entry, 11 November 1843 Page 190 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 11 November 1843 Page 190 Minute Entry, 15 November 1843 Page 191 Minute Entry, between circa 23 and circa 25 November 1843 Page 191 Ordinance, 8 December 1843–A Page 191 Ordinance, 8 December 1843–B Page 192 Ordinance, 12 December 1843–A Page 193 Resolution, 12 December 1843–A Page 193 Ordinance, 12 December 1843–B Page 193 Ordinance, 12 December 1843–C Page 194 Resolution, 12 December 1843–B Page 194 Resolution, 12 December 1843–C Page 194 Minutes, 16 December 1843 Page 194 Ordinance, 16 December 1843–A Page 195 Ordinance, 16 December 1843–B Page 196 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 16 December 1843 Page 197 Resolution, 16 December 1843 Page 197 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 21 December 1843 Page 197 Ordinance, 21 December 1843 Page 197 Minutes, 21 December 1843 Page 198 Minute Entry, between circa 21 and circa 22 December 1843 Page 198 Minute Entry, 29 December 1843 Page 199 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 29 December 1843 Page 199 Minutes and Ordinance, 10 January 1844 • Wednesday Page 199 Amendment to Ordinance, 10 January 1844 Page 200 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 13 January 1844 Page 200 Amendment to Ordinance, 13 January 1844 Page 200 Ordinance, 16 January 1844–A Page 201 Ordinance, 16 January 1844–B Page 201 Ordinance, 16 January 1844–C Page 202 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 16 January 1844 Page 203 Minute Entry, 17 January 1844 Page 202 Ordinance, 12 February 1844–A Page 203 Ordinance, 12 February 1844–B Page 204 Minute Entry, 12 February 1844–B Page 204 Minute Entry, 12 February 1844–C Page 204 Minute Entry, 12 February 1844–A Page 205 Minutes, 12 February 1844 Page 205 Minute Entry, 1 March 1844 Page 205 Resolution, 5 March 1844 Page 206 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 9 March 1844–A Page 206 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 9 March 1844–C Page 206 Resolution, 9 March 1844 Page 206 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 9 March 1844–B Page 206 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 12 March 1844 Page 206 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, circa 12 March 1844 Page 207 Minute Entry, Appointment of George Stiles, 13 April 1844 Page 207 Resolution, 13 April 1844 Page 207 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 29 April 1844–A Page 207 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 29 April 1844 Page 207 Resolution, 29 April 1844 Page 207 Minute Entry, Remittance of Fine, 29 April 1844 Page 208 Minute Entry, 29 April 1844 Page 208 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 29 April 1844–B Page 208 Minute Entry, 16 May 1844 Page 208 Minute Entry, 8 June 1844–A Page 208 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 8 June 1844–A Page 208 Minute Entry, 8 June 1844–B Page 208 Resolution, 8 June 1844 Page 209 Ordinance, 8 June 1844 Page 209 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 8 June 1844–B Page 209 Ordinance, 10 June 1844 Page 210 Minute Entry, 10 June 1844–A Page 211 Minute Entry, 10 June 1844–B Page 211 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 10 June 1844 Page 212 Minute Entry, 10 June 1844–C Page 212 Minute Entry, 11 June 1844 Page 212 Minute Entry, 21 June 1844 Page 212 Minutes, 1 July 1844 Page 212 Resolution, 1 July 1844–A Page 212 Resolution, 1 July 1844–B Page 213 Resolution, 2 July 1844–A Page 213 Resolution, 2 July 1844–B Page 213 Resolution, 8 July 1844 Page 213 Resolution, 13 July 1844 Page 213 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 13 July 1844 Page 214 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 10 August 1844–A Page 214 Approval of Claim, 10 August 1844 Page 214 Ordinance, 10 August 1844–A Page 214 Minute Entry, 10 August 1844–A Page 215 Minute Entry, 10 August 1844–B Page 215 Resolution, 10 August 1844 Page 216 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 10 August 1844–B Page 216 Minute Entry, Resignation of Fees, 10 August 1844 Page 216 Minute Entry, Appointment of Daniel Spencer, 10 August 1844 Page 216 Oath of Daniel Spencer, 10 August 1844 Page 216 Ordinance, 10 August 1844–B Page 217 Minute Entry, 10 August 1844–C Page 217 Minute Entry, 10 August 1844–D Page 217 Minute Entry, 10 August 1844–E Page 217 Minute Entry, between circa 20 and circa 30 August 1844 Page 227 Resolution, 14 September 1844–A Page 217 Resolution, 14 September 1844–B Page 217 Resolution, 14 September 1844–C Page 218 Resolution, 14 September 1844–D Page 218 Statement of Hiram Kimball, 14 September 1844 Page 218 Ordinance, 14 September 1844 Page 218 Resolution, 14 September 1844–E Page 218 Resolution, 14 September 1844–F Page 219 Resolution, 14 September 1844–G Page 219 Minute Entry, 18 September 1844–A Page 223 Minute Entry, 18 September 1844–B Page 223 Minute Entry, 12 October 1844 Page 219 Resolution, 12 October 1844–A Page 219 Resolution, 12 October 1844–B Page 219 Ordinance, 12 October 1844–A Page 219 Resolution, 12 October 1844–C Page 220 Resolution, 12 October 1844–D Page 220 Resolution, 12 October 1844–E Page 220 Ordinance, 12 October 1844–B Page 228 Minute Entry, 1 November 1844 Page 223 Minute Entry, 9 November 1844 Page 220 Resolution, 9 November 1844–A Page 221 Resolution, 9 November 1844–B Page 221 Resolution, 9 November 1844–C Page 221 Minute Entry, Approval of Claim, 9 November 1844 Page 221 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 9 November 1844 Page 221 Ordinance, 9 November 1844–A Page 222 Resolution, 9 November 1844–D Page 222 Ordinance, 9 November 1844–B Page 222 Ordinance, 9 November 1844–C Page 222 Resolution, 9 November 1844–E Page 223 Minute Entry, 9 December 1844 Page 223 Minute Entry, 10 December 1844 Page 223 Resolution, 14 December 1844–A Page 224 Ordinance, 14 December 1844–A Page 224 Ordinance, 14 December 1844–B Page 224 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 14 December 1844 Page 226 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 14 December 1844 Page 226 Resolution, 14 December 1844–D Page 226 Ordinance, 14 December 1844–C Page 227 Resolution, 14 December 1844–B Page 227 Resolution, 14 December 1844–C Page 227 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 11 January 1845 Page 228 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–A Page 228 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–B Page 229 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–G Page 229 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–C Page 229 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–D Page 229 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–E Page 230 Ordinance, 11 January 1845–F Page 230 Resolution, 11 January 1845 Page 230 Preamble and Resolutions, 13 January 1845 • Monday Page 231 Report from Willard Richards, 7 February 1845 Page 233 Minute Entry, 7 February 1845 Page 234 Minute Entry, 8 February 1845–A Page 234 Minute Entry, 8 February 1845–B Page 234 Minute Entry, Committee Appointments, 8 February 1845 Page 234 Minute Entry, Appointments of William Clayton and Others, 8 February 1845 Page 235 Ordinance, 8 February 1845–A Page 235 Minute Entry, Appointments of Lorenzo Clark and Others, 8 February 1845 Page 235 Minute Entry, 8 February 1845–C Page 235 Minute Entry, Appointments of James Sloan and Others, 8 February 1845 Page 236 Minute Entry, Approval of Petition, 8 February 1845 Page 236 Minute Entry, Approval of Petitions, 8 February 1845 Page 236 Resolution, 8 February 1845–B Page 236 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 8 February 1845–A Page 236 Minute Entry, Appointments of John D. Lee and Jesse Harmon, 8 February 1845 Page 237 City Council Order, 8 February 1845 Page 237 Ordinance, 8 February 1845–B Page 237 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 8 February 1845–B Page 237 Minute Entry, Approval of Claims, 8 February 1845–C Page 238 Minute Entry, 8 February 1845–D Page 239 Minutes and Ordinances, 8 February 1845, Rough Draft Page [0] Ordinance, 8 February 1845–A, Rough Draft Page [0] Ordinance, 8 February 1845–B, Rough Draft Page [0]
"A Record of the Proceedings of the City Council of the City of Nauvoo, Handcock County, State of Illinois, Commencing A.D. 1841"; handwriting of
James Sloan
28 Oct. 1792–24 Oct. 1886. City recorder, notary public, attorney, judge, farmer. Born in Donaghmore, Co. Tyrone, Ireland. Son of Alexander Sloan and Anne. Married Mary Magill. Baptized into Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Ordained an elder, ...
George Walker
15 Dec. 1806–after 1870. Bookkeeper, clerk, rope maker, laborer. Born in Burslem, Staffordshire, England. Moved to Lancashire, England, before 1832. Married Catherine Burgess, before 1832, in Lancashire. Moved to Salford, Lancashire, before 1840. Baptized...
; 432 pages, including one inserted leaf; CHL. Includes insertions, notes, tables, redactions, and use marks.
The minutes were inscribed in a commercially produced blank book measuring 13 × 8¼ × 1½ inches (33 × 21 × 4 cm). The volume contains 216 leaves measuring 12¾ × 7½ inches (32 × 19 cm) and consists of nineteen gatherings of leaves. The first and last gatherings consist of six ruled leaves and two flyleaves, while the other gatherings are each composed of twelve ruled leaves. The book contains three front flyleaves and three back flyleaves. The volume is covered in brown leather, with a dark brown pattern decorating both the front and back covers as well as the spine. At some point, an unknown scribe inscribed "Records | OF THE | City Council | of the | City of Nauvoo | commencing AD. 1841" on the front cover in black ink, and "Sermons | by | Joseph Smit[h] | and others." on the back cover. The spine is divided into five segments. The second and fourth segments are black with gold designs; the word "RECORDS" is printed in gold on the second segment. At an unknown time, white labels inscribed with black ink were placed upon the first and fifth segments of the spine to identify the two purposes of the book. "NAUVOO | CITY COUNCIL" was written on the label on the first segment, while an inverted label reading "SERMONS" was placed on the fifth segment of the spine. The second back flyleaf is inscribed with an index for a compilation of sermons inscribed in the book. Each page has thirty-six horizontal blue lines. At some point, a clerk used a pencil to rule pages 1–189 with a single vertical line running the length of each page on the left side. The same side of pages 190–261 was also vertically ruled in black ink with either a single or double line. An unknown clerk numbered the pages with blue ink on the top outside corner of each page. Following page 403, the remaining pages of the book were misnumbered 304–332.
Pages 1–239 were used to record minutes, ordinances, resolutions, and other matters pertaining to the meetings of the Nauvoo City Council between 1841 and 1845. The city council items are inscribed in blue and black ink. A loose sheet containing minutes inscribed in black ink was inserted into the volume between pages 238 and 239. Pages 240–362 were left blank. Although the volume contains some minutes, its main function was to record the decisions of the city council rather than to give a detailed exposition of the minutes. The volume accordingly corresponds with the Nauvoo City Council rough books. The rough books capture the discussions and debates of the council, while this volume includes the decisions and resolutions following those debates. At some point after 1843, a clerk turned the volume upside down and began inscribing sermons given by JS and others during 1843 and 1844, beginning at the end of the volume and continuing through page 363. These pages were renumbered 1–70 in their upside-down state. The sermons are inscribed in black ink with occasional insertions and other redactions written in graphite.
The inside cover of the book includes an insertion from the Niles National Register for 21 March 1840; a loose copy of the Times and Seasons for 15 January 1841; and an index of ordinances, resolutions, and other Nauvoo City Council matters discussed within the volume. The index consists of four leaves, with each page measuring 13¼ × 4¼ inches (34 × 11 cm). The entries were inscribed in blue and black ink. It is ruled with forty-one horizontal black lines and a single blue line that runs vertically along the left side of each page.
The contents of the book suggest that clerks made entries in the volume as early as 3 February 1841 and finished sometime after 8 February 1845. An inventory of church records indicates that the volume came into the possession of
by 1846. The volume was included in the 1846 inventory of church records prior to the
exodus and was taken to Utah Territory with other church records. Subsequent inventories indicate that it has remained in continuous institutional custody since that time.
Asterisk (*) denotes a "featured" version, which includes an introduction and annotation Motion from Wilson Law, 15 January 1842–A Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, January–November 1842 Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 City Charter: Laws, Ordinances, and Acts, July 1842 City Charter: Laws, Ordinances, and Acts, July 1842 Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 City Charter: Laws, Ordinances, and Acts, July 1842 Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 City Charter: Laws, Ordinances, and Acts, July 1842 Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 City Charter: Laws, Ordinances, and Acts, July 1842 Committee Appointments, 22 January 1842–A Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 Committee Appointments, 22 January 1842–B Rules of Order for Nauvoo City Council, 22 January 1842, as Published in Times and Seasons Voting Record, 22 January 1842 Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, January–November 1842 Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 Minutes, 12 February 1844 Nauvoo City Council Rough Minute Book, February 1844–January 1845 Nauvoo City Council Minute Book, 1841–1845 Minutes, 12 February 1844, Copy Minutes, 12 February 1844, Extract, as Published in Nauvoo Neighbor
W[illiam] W. Phelps
William Marks
15 Nov. 1792–22 May 1872. Farmer, printer, publisher, postmaster. Born at Rutland, Rutland Co., Vermont. Son of Cornell (Cornwall) Marks and Sarah Goodrich. Married first Rosannah R. Robinson, 2 May 1813. Lived at Portage, Allegany Co., New York, where he...
Edward Hunter
22 June 1793–16 Oct. 1883. Farmer, currier, surveyor, merchant. Born at Newtown Township, Delaware Co., Pennsylvania. Son of Edward Hunter and Hannah Maris. Volunteer cavalryman in Delaware Co. militia, 1822–1829. Served as Delaware Co. commissioner. Moved...
H[enry] G. Sherwood
20 Apr. 1785–24 Nov. 1867. Surveyor. Born at Kingsbury, Washington Co., New York. Son of Newcomb Sherwood and a woman whose maiden name was Tolman (first name unidentified). Married first Jane J. McManagal (McMangle) of Glasgow, Lanark, Scotland, ca. 1824...
Marshall— 6 00
½ years Salary 50 00
John D. Parker
22 Nov. 1799–26 Feb. 1891. Farmer, wainwright. Born in Saratoga, Saratoga Co., New York. Son of Abel Parker and Mary Davies. Served in War of 1812 as teamster in General John E. Wool's company, 1813–1814. Married Harriet Sherwood. Moved to Galway, Saratoga...
. Marshall— 1 00 Joseph Smith Salary as mayor 601 61
John P. Green[e]
— Marshall— 7 00 Total $ 828 11
and ordered that the same be paid out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated—
And it was further ordered that the following named person pay the sum annexed to his name, the same being a fine incurred by him for non attendance during the same period of time. to wit:
$ ¢ts.
Sylvester Emmons
Passed February 12. 1844
Joseph Smith Mayor
. Recorder.
Minute Entry, 12 February 1844–A
Voted by the City Council that
do receive an order of $25.00 on the Treasury for engrossing Memorials to the Senators and Representatives of the
&c &c
Minutes, 12 February 1844
The Recorder's report of the Annual Disbursements of the
<council> from January 30th. 1843 to February 9th. 1844 inclusive amounting to $1342.32½ was read and accepted as was also the Docket of the Municipal Court for February 5th. 1844
George P. Stiles
18 July 1816–Sept. 1885. Attorney, judge, politician. Born in Watertown, Jefferson Co., New York. Son of John Stiles and Persis Cole. Moved to Le Ray, Jefferson Co., by 1820. Moved to Pamela, Jefferson Co., by 1830. Married first Julian Mackemer, 7 Nov. 1841...
Esqre. was nominated, and chosen as Councillor in the room of, and during the absence of Councillor
Orson Pratt
19 Sept. 1811–3 Oct. 1881. Farmer, writer, teacher, merchant, surveyor, editor, publisher. Born at Hartford, Washington Co., New York. Son of Jared Pratt and Charity Dickinson. Moved to New Lebanon, Columbia Co., New York, 1814; to Canaan, Columbia Co., fall...
. Recorder
Minute Entry, 1 March 1844
filed his bond in the
's office and took his oath as Wharfmaster of the City of
March 1st. 1844
— Recorder— [p. 205]
Henry G. Sherwood
John P. Greene
council from January 30th. 1843 to February 9th. 1844 inclusive amounting to $1342.32½ was read and accepted as was also the Docket of the Municipal Court for February 5th. 1844


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What do you do if you are not someone who has been harassed, or have not seen anyone be harassed? That is more a question to me than to you. I guess there might be something right there.
Most of these incidents that I have read have been harassment where the victim's response is muted and does not draw attention to the harassment when it happens. Perhaps, in a society where people take their perceived self-respect a little seriously, they continue to engage in this behavior not because they won't get referred to the police, but they won't even evoke a whisper. At least in all cases where the victim knows what is happening to them, and can raise the issue. I think that might have made the issue claimed to be present everywhere to be there on every mind too. Won't you think that would help?
It would be a good question to ask, how can men (since they form the significant problem) who commit harassment change? I fear not. At least historically better judgment has dawned on the 'bad guys' only at the end of the struggle. For example, take the Indian independence, or Segregation, the untouchability issue, or the feminist movement. The way forward is for people who are compassionate to rally behind the cause, not just in the streets, but every place, including work, home, and temples. The issue then will receive the attention of the society and no one can neglect, and people who had been committing these crimes will know to not just stop, but some may even be won over to rally the cause.


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text:
Introductory Note: To George Washington, [8 March 1794]
Introductory Note
[Philadelphia, March 8, 1794]
When this letter was written, the United States appeared to be closer to war with Great Britain than at any time since the end of the American Revolution. Henry Lee wondered whether Congress intended "to pick a quarrel with G.B.,"1 and the latest advices from Thomas Pinckney in London left little doubt that he considered the outbreak of war with Britain only a matter of time. In a dispatch which Edmund Randolph received on February 18, 1794,2 Pinckney reported on a conversation with Lord Grenville concerning the retention of British posts in the United States. During the conversation Grenville argued that because the United States had failed to live up to the provisions of the peace treaty for a period of nine years, Britain was no longer obligated to abide by the treaty. Pinckney was also discouraged by Grenville's answer to a question concerning Britain's part in the Algerine-Portuguese truce.3 In concluding his letter, Pinckney requested instructions concerning the removal of consuls and other United States citizens from England and asked that he and his family be sent to France in the event that he should be "directed … to withdraw from hence, which I now think probable."
British policy toward neutral shipping was a major source of increasing anti-British sentiment in the United States. In his conference with Grenville, Pinckney had discussed the order in council of June 8, 1793, which required the detention of all neutral vessels transporting corn, flour, or meal to France or to ports under French control. Pinckney also reported: "… they cannot now retract their instructions concerning the detaining of corn, neither do they appear to have the inclination, on the contrary, I am informed they meditate fresh embarrassments to our trade."
On March 7, 1794, the day before Hamilton wrote to Washington, the text of a British order of November 6, 1793, was published in the [Philadelphia] Gazette of the United States and Evening Advertiser. This order reads in part as follows: "Additional instructions to the commanders of all our ships of war and privateers.… That they shall stop and detain all ships laden with goods and produce of any Colony belonging to France, or carrying Provisions or other Supplies to any such Colony, and shall bring the same with their cargoes to legal Adjudication in our courts of Admiralty." Delay in communications had prevented the arrival of news stating the full extent of the seizures under this order, but reports suggested that many ships had been taken.4 The order of November 6 had been replaced two months before Hamilton had written to Washington by the more liberal order of January 8, 1794, but news of the third order did not reach Philadelphia until March 28, 1794.5
In the meantime—on January 3, 1794—James Madison had proposed a series of resolutions providing for a policy of commercial retaliation against the British. Madison's resolutions were inspired by Thomas Jefferson's report on "The Privileges and Restrictions on the Commerce of the United States …," which had been presented to the House on December 16, 1793,6 and which argued that the United States should adopt a policy that would curb British restrictions on American trade. Madison's proposals called for higher duties on certain articles "manufactured by European nations having no commercial treaty with the United States" and for additional tonnage duties on the ships of such nations.7 These resolutions were, according to Theodore Sedgwick of Massachusetts, "the great gun of the present session,"8 and they dominated debate in the House of Representatives during January and the first days of February, 1794. On February 3, the House adopted the first of Madison's resolutions, but the Republicans, in an effort to thwart Federalist attempts to prevent passage of the remaining resolutions, succeeded in postponing debate on them until March 3.9 Although debate on Madison's resolutions was resumed on March 14,10 they were then eclipsed by other issues. Hamilton's suggestions in his letter to Washington offer a Federalist alternative to Madison's resolutions.
Federalist members of both houses of Congress were also considering policies to be pursued in the crisis. Some of these closely resemble the suggestions which Hamilton made in this letter as well as some which he later endorsed. Senators Oliver Ellsworth of Connecticut, George Cabot and Caleb Strong of Massachusetts, and Rufus King of New York met on March 10, 1794, to discuss what advice they should offer to the President. According to notes which King made they decided that Ellsworth should go to the President the next day and propose that the Government "… adopt vigorous measures to put the Country in a posture of defence, as well by fortifying our principal commercial points, as by organizing absolutely, or provincially an auxiliary military Force, by filling our Arsenals, and by digesting an effectual plan of internal Taxes. That these arrangements being made, that a suitable person should be sent to the West Indies for the purpose of ascertaining the true situation of our Property seized in the English Islands, and assist our Mariners, and Merchants, in defending their Rights. That further, an Envoy extraordinary should be appointed, and sent to England to require satisfaction for the loss of our Property, and to adjust those points which menaced a War between the two Countries."11
On March 10 Sedgwick announced that on March 12 he would present several resolutions.12 These resolutions, which closely resemble the policy that Hamilton suggests in this letter to Washington, read as follows:
"Resolved, That there be raised, armed, and equipped, fifteen regiments of auxiliary troops, to consist of one thousand men, rank and file, each, with proper officers.
"Resolved, That the commissioned officers thereof be appointed as other officers of the United States, and that the non-commissioned officers and privates be enlisted for the term of two years; and, with this condition, that if war should break out within that time between the United States and any foreign European Power, they shall be bound to serve for the term of three years, after the commencement of the war, if the same shall so long continue.
"Resolved, That, in case of such war, the officers of the said regiments shall be entitled to the like pay and subsistence, and to equal rank and command, with the officers of the present Military Establishment of the United States; but, except in such case, shall be entitled to pay only for the time they shall actually attend on the days of training and exercise, hereafter mentioned.
"Resolved, That each non-commissioned officer and private shall by virtue of his enlistment, be entitled to a bounty, consisting of a suit of clothes per annum, of the value of twelve dollars, and shall also be entitled to a compensation of half a dollar per day, for each day he shall assemble for the purpose of training or exercising; which, except in case of war with some foreign European Power, shall not exceed twenty-four days in one year; and, in that case, each non-commissioned officer and private shall be entitled to the same pay and rations, and shall be subject to the same rules and regulations, as the other troops of the United States.
"Resolved, That the said regiments shall be furnished with arms and accoutrements at the expense of the United States, to be returned at the expiration of their term of service.
"Resolved, That revenues by taxes or duties, competent to the purpose of defraying the expense of raising and paying the said troops, be provided.
"Resolved, That within two years and six months after the time which shall be prescribed by law for beginning to enlist the said troops, if no war shall in the mean time break out with any foreign European Power, the regiments aforesaid shall be abolished and cease.
"Resolved, That the President of the United States be authorized, if in his judgment the safety or welfare of the United States shall require it, to lay an embargo, generally or particularly, upon ships in the ports or harbours of the United States, for a term not exceeding, at any one time, forty days; and also to prohibit, for a like term, generally or particularly, the exportation of commodities from the United States; and such embargo or prohibition to continue, from time to time, until the expiration of fourteen days after the commencement of the session of Congress next ensuing the present."13
Sedgwick's resolutions omitted only two of Hamilton's suggestions—the fortification of ports and a defensive pact among neutrals. Congress was already considering the fortification of ports,14 and a defensive pact among neutrals was a matter on which the House could take no action.
1. Lee to H, March 6, 1794.
2. Pinckney to Randolph, November 25, 1793 (LS, RG 59, Despatches from United States Ministers to Great Britain, 1791–1906, Vol. 3, November 29, 1791–May 4, 1797, National Archives).
3. For the truce between Algiers and Portugal, see Thomas Jefferson to H, December 12, 1793, note 2. The truce was obtained through the good offices of Charles Logie, the British consul at Algiers. Grenville informed George Hammond, British Minister to the United States: "The Transaction itself is of a nature to preclude the possibility of the American Government making any direct Representation upon it; as there cannot be a doubt that His Majesty had completely a Right to interfere, to procure Peace for His Ally from a State with which He was in Amity.… And it is an unheard of refinement to say, that His Majesty was bound to abstain from such Interference, because the effect of a Pacification might leave the Algerines more at liberty to annoy the Trade of America" (Mayo, Instructions to British Ministers description begins Bernard Mayo, ed., "Instructions to the British Ministers to the United States," Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1936 (Washington, 1941), III. description ends , 50).
4. [Philadelphia] Gazette of the United States and Evening Advertiser, March 8, 1794.
5. The Gazette of the United States for March 28, 1794, carried the following item: "An express arrived here this morning from New-York, which left that City last evening at 8 o'clock—A vessel from St. Kitts in 16 days, had brought a copy of the instructions of the British Government of the 8th January last—which were considered of so much importance at this critical juncture as to induce merchants of New-York to forward them with the utmost expedition—No doubt can be entertained of their authenticity." The newspaper then printed the text of the January 8, 1794, order in council, which reads as follows:
"Whereas by a former instruction to the Commanders of our ships of War and Privateers, dated the 6th day of November, 1793.—We signified that they should stop and detain all Ships laden with goods, the produce of any Colony belonging to France, or carrying provisions or other supplies for the use of any such Colony, and should bring the same with their cargoes to legal adjudication. We are pleased to revoke the said instructions, and in lieu thereof, have thought fit to issue these our instructions, to be duly observed by the commanders of all our ships of War and Privateers, that have or may have Letters of Marque against France.
"I. That they shall bring in for lawful adjudication all vessels with their cargoes that are laden with goods, the produce of the French West-India Islands, and coming directly from any part of the said Islands to any part of Europe.
"II. That they shall bring in for lawful adjudication, all ships with their cargoes that are laden with goods, the produce of the said Islands, the property of which goods shall belong to subjects of France, to whatever ports they may be bound.
"III. That they shall seize all ships, that shall be found attempting to enter any port of the said Islands that is, or shall be blockaded by the arms of his Majesty or his allies, and shall send them in with their cargoes for adjudication, according to the terms of the second article of the former instructions bearing date 8th June, 1793.
"IV. That they shall seize all vessels laden wholly or in part with Naval or Military Stores, bound to any port of the said Islands, and shall send them into some convenient port belonging to his Majesty, in order that they, together with their cargoes may be proceeded against according to the rules of the law of nations."
6. ASP description begins American State Papers, Documents, Legislative and Executive, of the Congress of the United States (Washington, 1832–1861). description ends , Foreign Relations, I, 300–04.
7. Annals of Congress description begins The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States; with an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature (Washington, 1834–1849). description ends , IV, 155–56.
8. Freeman, Washington description begins Douglas Southall Freeman, George Washington (New York, 1948–1957). Volume VII of this series was written by John Alexander Carroll and Mary Wells Ashworth. description ends , VII, 152, note 34.
9. Gazette of the United States, February 4, 1794. On March 3, 1794, Sedgwick observed in a letter to a friend: "This was the day assigned for the further consideration of Madison's proposition. He was manifestly fearful to take them into consideration, & they are now postponed untill next monday. Should he then propose a farther delay he must not be indulged, for his wild system must be disposed of—that we may seriously prepare for the defence of the Country. War must certainly be avoided if possible, but whether we shall be able to preserve peace may be a question. We certainly must not adjourn untill we have provided means of defence. What this defence may be I cannot pretend to determine, my own Idea is that it should be a fortification of our principal harbours & a provisionary military force" (ALS, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston).
10. Annals of Congress description begins The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States; with an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature (Washington, 1834–1849). description ends , IV, 505–22.
11. Rufus King's notes, March 10-May 4, 1794 (D, Hamilton Papers, Library of Congress).
12. Annals of Congress description begins The Debates and Proceedings in the Congress of the United States; with an Appendix, Containing Important State Papers and Public Documents, and All the Laws of a Public Nature (Washington, 1834–1849). description ends , IV, 485.
14. See Caleb Gibbs to H, January 31, 1794.
https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-16-02-0107-0001
Note: The annotations to this document, and any other modern editorial content, are copyright © Columbia University Press. All rights reserved.
Hamilton Papers
From Alexander Hamilton to George Washington, [8 March 1794]
"Introductory Note: To George Washington, [8 March 1794]," Founders Online, National Archives, https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Hamilton/01-16-02-0107-0001. [Original source: The Papers of Alexander Hamilton, vol. 16, February 1794 – July 1794, ed. Harold C. Syrett. New York: Columbia University Press, 1972, pp. 130–134.]
From Washington to Hamilton [4 March 1794]
From Hamilton to Washington [8 March 1794]
All correspondence between Washington and Hamilton


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text:
Q: What does the term "fast follower" mean? In the last few days, I've heard the term "fast follower" mentioned several times. It's used in the context of an unresolved bug/issue that (supposedly) will be quickly fixed and implemented.
Is this some new corporate jargon? I'm aware of a fast follower strategy, or second mover strategy (as described in this wikipedia article), but that doesn't apply in the context.

A: "Fast follower" is a code word for we have already failed because we don't take any calculated risks on implementing our own innovative ideas. It means we won't do anything until someone else has succeeded in doing it and by then it is too late in the game.
I worked for a billion dollar a year company that used to espouse this as a virtue. Guess what they laid off half the company ( 900+ ) people in a single day and the stock has been in the tank for years because of this idiotic mind set.
In your case someone is using a term they don't understand in the incorrect context.

A: Sometimes a quick and temporary fix is applied to restrict an application to deal with a serious bug.  It's a temporary patch, and not a fix.  When the fix is a priority, it is often fast tracked and released immediately after the temporary solution.  This could typically be called a fast follower.
Sadly, I think this is more a case of the Pointy Haired Boss and his marketers using jargon to make something sound more interesting that it probably should be.
Note: Any comment that appears immediately after my post will not be considered a "fast follower"  :-P

A: I think this has more to do with the business "fast follower" that might be releasing similar software with bugs of the original developer fixed hence taking advantage of an idea and original's problems.
Though I have not heard this used in such a context.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Out of curiosity I stopped by a local pawn shop to see what they had. Some coworkers mentioned some great deals they got on some iPads for their kids, so I thought I'd take a look.
I ended up with a 2TB Western Digital external drive for $25 and a current model Apple TV. There's no such thing as too much disc space, and it's nice that decent capacity 2.5" drives are coming down in price. They didn't know the capacity of the Apple TV and couldn't get it to work with the remote, and sold it to me cheap under the expectation that it was a 32GB unit and I'd need to buy an expensive replacement remote. I knew it worked since it powered up and displayed the screen saver after futilely trying to connect to the remote. I did learn that I could actually control it much better through an iOS app (the keyboard using the phone is much better than scrolling back and forth with the remote to enter text) and had it working fine. I was screwing around with the remote and accidentally forced a restart. I did it again to make sure it wasn't a fluke, and sure enough, it was operational. A little research showed that pressing a different key combination would allow me to get it synced and it was now working perfectly. Not bad for $65.


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text:
Alfie Evan Allen (Hammersmith, 1986. szeptember 12. –) angol színész.

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Fiatalkora és családja
Allen Londonban, Hammersmith-ben született; Allison Owen (1961-) filmproducer, és a walesi születésű színész, Keith Allen (1953-) gyermekeként. Testvére Lily Allen énekesnő. Sam Smith brit énekes harmad-unokatestvére.

A  Windlesham House School-ban tanult Sussex-ben, majd a St John's College-ben, Portsmouth-ban, és a Fine Arts College-ben, Hampstead-ben.

Színészi pályafutása
Első szakmai megjelenése 1998-ban volt a You Are Here című filmben. Még ugyanebben az évben volt látható nővérével, Lilyvel az Elizabeth című történelmi filmdrámában, amelynek édesanyjuk volt a producere.

2004-ben az ÖcsiKém 2.: A londoni küldetés című filmvígjátékban tűnt fel, amelyet nagybátyja, Kevin Allen rendezett. 2007-ben a Vágy és vezeklésben szerepelt. Egy évvel később A másik Boleyn lány című filmben a király küldönce volt. 2011 és 2019 között a Trónok harca fantasysorozatban Theon Greyjoyt formálta meg. 2014-ben a John Wick című filmben is megjelent, negatív szerepben.

2018-ban a Predator – A ragadozó, 2019-ben a Jojo Nyuszi című filmekben kapott szerepeket.

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Televízió

Jegyzetek

Fordítás

További információ

1986-ban született személyek
Angol színészek
Élő személyek

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Plebe Reese Ericson sparks Army to win over Navy
Photo by Lynn Fern/Black Knight Nation
Reese Ericson sang along with Blink 182's "All The Small Things" as she walked toward the Army's bench during a replay turnout.
Ericson, Army's freshman guard, was soaking in everything she could in her first Army-Navy game.
"Say it ain't so, I will not go, turn the lights off, carry me home," Blink 182 lyrics rang through Christl Arena.
Whether it was crossing up a defender with her dribble or hitting a pullup jumper, Ericson was thriving in the pressured-filled atmosphere.
Ericson's energy and senior Sabria Hunter's play and leadership helped Army pull away from Navy in a 75-61 win. Ericson finished with a career-high 24 points off the bench and Hunter added 23 points and 17 rebounds for the Black Knights (6-12, 4-4 Patriot League).
"Just waking up you have to be in the same rhythm (as any other game)," Ericson said. "We had the shoot around as a team, just trying to keep it as normal as you can but it's hard to do that when you have all of your friends and all of your family coming out. It's truly an amazing experience and I'm very grateful to be here."
Ericson drained a 3-pointer for the left corner for a dagger with 4:25 left. As Ericson was retreating for defense, the cadet section behind the basket chanted, "She's a plebe (freshman)." Fittingly, the ball ended up in Ericson's hands to dribble out the clock in her best college game to date.
Navy coach Tim Taylor may have summed up Ericson's performance the best.
"Moment wasn't too big for her," Taylor said.
It's almost as if Ericson was born to play in these big games for Army.
She's been thinking of playing for the Black and Gold since eighth grader. Ericson's close friend talked about attending Navy. Ericson knew she's wanted to go to West Point.
"Two little eighth-graders in (Lake Oswego) Oregon are fighting over Army-Navy basketball, soccer, lacrosse," Ericson said. "It goes so deep and touches all parts of the country."
Ericson's Army interest was also sparked by her older sister attending West Point.
"My sister came here and she was a big part of that," Ericson said. "Getting to hear her experience and she got amazing opportunities. She went to Thailand, had internships at Walter Reed (Hospital) and George Mason. She's super high achieving. I was trying to be like her.
"I started reaching out to coaches and after reaching out with them and the team. It was a done deal. I stopped talking to other schools. I had a couple of other offers but this was it once I came on my visit."
Ericson recorded her second career 20-point game Saturday. Her first (20 points against American on Jan. 11) earned Ericson Patriot League rookie of the week honors. Army coach Missy Traversi is looking forward to more games like Saturday from Ericson.
"She was special (today), incredible poise," Traversi said. "What I love about Reese is that she didn't get too high or too low. That's something that we constantly talk about with our point guards She's cerebral. She has a great IQ for the game. I think what separates her is her love for the game. You feel it when you are out there with her. She will will you to win. I'm excited to have her the next three years."
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