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This year the Whooping Crane Eastern Partnership is using two release methods: Group One – Modified Costume-Rearing (CR) and Group Two – Parent-Rearing (PR). Group Three includes any wild-hatched crane chicks that survived to fledge and migrate south.
The first group, consisting of seven young Whooping cranes was costumed-reared at White River Marsh in Green Lake County, Wisconsin at the pensite, which used to house the ultralight-guided cranes each year.
The intent of costume rearing is to increase the amount of on-site learning for the cranes, or getting them into their release area sooner. To that end, the group of seven arrived from the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland on June 21, 2017.
Group One – Costume-Reared (CR) Whooping cranes
Group Two – Parent-Reared (PR) Whooping cranes
As the name implies, they have been raised at the captive breeding centers (in enclosures) by their parents from the time they hatched until early September when they were transferred to Wisconsin.
Died May '19
Died Jan '19
Died April '18
Died Nov '18
Died Nov. '17
Group Three – Wild-Hatched Whooping cranes
W3-17 W7-17
On July 10th the seven young costume-reared Whooping cranes were vaccinated by Dr. Barry Hartup of the International Crane Foundation and two vet tech students with University of Wisconsin. The vaccinations will guard them against Eastern equine encephalitis and West Nile virus.
Photo taken June 19, 2017 by Dr. Glenn Olsen.
Personality and characteristics: Number 1-17 established himself quite early as the LEADER. A very dominant crane. He'll take a jab at another bird for no reason just to assert his authority. He'll also take jabs at costumes and puppets he is not familiar with.
Colleen says from a very early age, this young crane colt could spot a worm at 50 paces!
As he developed over the season Colleen described him as the one to always be most vigilant. Very aware and confident.
This Whooping crane came from the captive breeding stock at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, in Laurel, Maryland.
Fall 2017: In late November, the decision was made to separate/split up the cohort in hopes doing so would disrupt their social structure and encourage them to migrate south. Number 1-17, along with 2-17 and 8-17 were left at White River Marsh, while cranes 4-17 and 6-17 were moved southwest to an area along the Wisconsin River, which held thousands of Sandhill cranes. Additionally, cranes 3-17 and 7-17 were also relocated and two days later, these two flew south to Fulton County, Illinois, over 200 miles away!
Cranes 1-17, 2-17 and 8-17 were eventually captured and relocated to Goose Pond in Greene County, Indiana. Brooke and Colleen drove overnight so the cranes were not stressed terribly by the move. They were released at Goose pond and 30 minutes later the trio took flight and flew south to Talladega County, Alabama where they spent the winter.
Spring 2018: On March 31st, all three Whooping cranes began heading north. By the beginning of May it became apparent cranes 1-17, 2-17 and 8-17 were lost. These three cranes were transported last fall from Wisconsin to Greene County, Indiana and therefore, did not know the way back to Wisconsin.
The trio flew north to Sangamon County, Illinois where they stayed for several weeks before 1-17 and 2-17 headed northwest to Iowa where they remain.
Summer 2018: 1-17 and 2-17 spent most of their summer in Iowa, until August when they moved to northern Illinois. They associated with pair 10-15 and 4-13 in Winnebago County.
Fall 2018: 1-17 and 2-17 finally left Illinois at the end of November, after they were caught in a snowstorm! They arrived at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge on November 28, where they met up with 8-17 again! However, while 8-17 left for Tennessee in December, 1-17 and 2-17 remain in Alabama.
Spring 2019: 1-17 and 2-17 left Wheeler NWR on February 14 and headed to central Indiana. From there, they began a fantastic wandering trip that led them north and south through Indiana and Illinois many times. However, on March 14, they excited everyone by returning to Wisconsin for the first time since they were translocated to Indiana in 2017! They continued their wandering through Wisconsin, though scientists hope they will find a nice wetland to settle in for the summer!
In mid-April, the duo separated, and 1-17 was next seen alone in Jackson County, Wisconsin.
Photo taken June 19, 2017 by Dr. Glenn Olsen
Personality and Characteristics: Number 2-17 has been the crybaby but she is smart enough to take breaks and go drink before remembering she was having a temper tantrum and gets back to it quickly. She peeps loudly. A lot.
She is a full sibling to male #3-17 and both came from the first ever wild hatched crane in the Eastern Migratory Population, female number W1-06. Dad is number 1-10 and their territory is at the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Juneau County, WI.
As this female developed over the season she became independent, inquisitive and self assured. She did not mind being off alone.
In mid-April, the duo separated, and 2-17 was next seen associating with male W10-15 at Necedah National Wildlife Refuge.
Photo taken June 19 by Dr. Glenn Olsen
Personality and Characteristics: LOVES the water! Sticks his head under for long periods of time, to explore and look for tasty treats. Loves to bath and splash in the water. Fearless and is loyal to the costume.
He is a full sibling to number 2-17 and is the complete opposite. He is confident and inquisitive, while she whines and peeps constantly.
He is very brave, aggressive – almost like a watch dog. He has attacked Doug Pellerin, who volunteers on Thursdays and also Taylor, one of the vet techs that assisted with the vaccinations along with Dr. Barry Hartup on July 10th.
Both came from the first ever wild hatched crane in the Eastern Migratory Population, female number W1-06. Dad is number 1-10 and their territory is at the Necedah National Wildlife Refuge in Juneau County, WI.
As he grew over the summer Colleen described his as "in your face, confrontational quick to jump rake. Often on attack mode all of which was to disguise his wimpy streak. Wanted to go back to the pen early, scared of the water. Insecure. My favorite bird."
Fall 2017: In late November, the decision was made to separate/split up the cohort in hopes doing so would disrupt their social structure and encourage them to migrate south. Number 1-17, along with 2-17 and 8-17 were left at White River Marsh, while cranes 4-17 and 6-17 were moved southwest to an area along the Wisconsin River, which held thousands of Sandhill cranes, before continuing to head south to Fulton County, Kentucky where they spent the winter.
Cranes 3-17 & 7-17 spent the winter at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge near Decatur, Alabama.
Spring 2018: In early April, they began heading north along with #69-16. They arrived about a week later in Juneau County and spent a couple of weeks in and around the refuge before heading east. On April 25th 3-17 & 7-17 were confirmed in Marquette County, WI ~ 18 miles from White River Marsh where they were raised.
On the left is Whooping Crane 7-17 and right, #3-17. Photo: B. Pennypacker
3-17 and 7-17 in early spring. Photo: Beverly Paulan
It seems this duo parted ways shortly after this photo was taken as #7-17 turned up a week later with male #4-14 (Peanut). Number 3-17 headed a bit south to Stephenson County, Illinois where he found Whooping crane 31-16!
Summer 2018: Sometime at the end of May, 3-17 separated from 31-16. Trackers did not detect his signal with 31-16 in June. His whereabouts were unknown until August 28, when he showed up at White River Marsh, where he was originally released in Fall 2017!
Fall 2018: 3-17 mainly associated with young male 30-16 during September and October. At the end of October, they began spending time with pair 5-12 and 67-15. 5-12 and 30-16 had previously migrated to St. Marks National Wildlife Refuge in Florida, so when the group of four disappeared, trackers wondered if that was their destination. However, 3-17 showed up at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama by himself in late November, while the other three birds were later seen at St. Marks. 3-17 seems to be mainly associating with W7-17 this winter. She spent the last summer in Minnesota- hopefully 3-17 can bring her back to Wisconsin next spring!
Spring 2019: 3-17 left Wheeler NWR in early March with a group of five other birds. They were seen passing through Illinois, and arrived at White River Marsh in late March! Trackers first saw 3-17 associating with female 67-15 on March 27.
3-17 nested with new mate 67-15 at White River Marsh in mid-April. Unfortunately, the nest failed shortly after. The pair did not renest.
Personality and Characteristics: Colleen says that early on this was a rather quiet bird and the smallest of the group. He loved the costume during outings at Patuxent.
Heather noticed this little fella acts first then thinks. When the gates to the wet pen were first opened to allow them access, he charged out then a half hour later he seemed reluctant to step over the wooden 2×4 threshold to get back inside the dry pen where their feeders are.
Eventually, his nature became similar to #3-17. A bit less aggressive and more confident. But very quick to follow 3-17's lead to attack
Number 4-17 is a full sibling to number 6-17 and both came from eggs collected at Necedah National Wildlife Refuge under the forced re-nesting study where all first eggs are collected to encourage the crane parents to re-nest when black flies are no longer an issue.
The parents of whooping cranes 4-17 and 6-17 are Mom #32-09 and Dad #7-07.
Fall 2017: In late November, the decision was made to separate/split up the cohort in hopes doing so would disrupt their social structure and encourage them to migrate south. Number 1-17, along with 2-17 and 8-17 were left at White River Marsh, while cranes 4-17 and 6-17 were moved southwest to an area along the Wisconsin River, which held thousands of Sandhill cranes. Additionally, cranes 3-17 and 7-17 were also relocated and two days later, these two flew south to Fulton County, Kentucky, over 200 miles away!
Juveniles 4-17 & 6-17 spent the winter in Fulton County, Kentucky and on March 31st began heading north.
On April 22nd these two siblings were spotted by the OM team about a half mile from their camp at White River Marsh! They made it home!
Whooping cranes 4-17 and 6-17 in Green Lake County, WI. Photo: H. Ray
The duo did a little bit of spring wandering throughout Wisconsin, even spending some time near International Crane Foundation headquarters! This was near the area on the Wisconsin River where they were translocated the previous fall, so it seems they remember both their original release location and area of translocation. After circling eastern Wisconsin, they decided to settle down for the summer in Brown County, Wisconsin
Fall 2018: In mid-November, 4-17 and 6-17 migrated to southeast Missouri together, but later hopped over the Mississippi River to the southern tip of Illinois. In early January, they moved south to western Kentucky. Who knows where they will go next?
Spring 2019: 4-17 and 6-17 returned to Wisconsin in late March and set up for the summer in Adams County. They later moved to Sauk County, where they associated with male 24-17.
Photo captured June 19 by Dr. Glenn Olsen
Personality and Characteristics: She is independent to the max! She goes off exploring on her own. She can also be a pain in the butt as she initiate challenges and "face-off's" with others in the small group.
Colleen describes #6-17 as "sweet easy going. Go with the flow."
Fall 2017: In late November, the decision was made to separate/split up the cohort in hopes doing so would disrupt their social structure and encourage them to migrate south. Number 1-17, along with 2-17 and 8-17 were left at White River Marsh, while cranes 4-17 and 6-17 were moved southwest to an area along the Wisconsin River, which held thousands of Sandhill cranes.
Personality and Characteristics: This young girl crane was very clingy while at Patuxent. She is very alert and can appear nervous and fidgety at times.
She has gone for a swim several times in the large pond at White River Marsh.
She came from an egg collected at Necedah NWR under the forced re-nesting study and her parents are male #9-05 and female #13-03.
As this young crane developed over the summer, Colleen described #7-17 similar to #6-17: "sweet easy going. Go with the flow. Nondescript."
Fall 2017: In late November, the decision was made to separate/split up the cohort in hopes doing so would disrupt their social structure and encourage them to migrate south. Number 1-17, along with 2-17 and 8-17 were left at White River Marsh, while cranes 4-17 and 6-17 were moved southwest to an area along the Wisconsin River, which held thousands of Sandhill cranes before flying south to Fulton County, Kentucky, over 200 miles away!
On May 2nd, Heather spotted #7-17 along the flooded Fox River in Princeton, WI and she was with male Whooping crane #4-14!
Female 7-17 is on the right and Peanut (#4-14) is on the left. Photo: H. Ray
Summer 2018: 7-17 and 4-14 spent their summer together near the Fox River in Green Lake County.
4-14 and 7-17 take off. Photo: Doug Pellerin
Fall 2018: On November 9, 7-17's GSM tracker showed she had departed Wisconsin and had moved to northern Henderson County, Kentucky, right on the edge of the Ohio River. 4-14 was later confirmed to be with her. In early January, they moved south to northwest Hopkins County, Kentucky.
4-14 and 7-17 prior to fall migration. Photo: Doug Pellerin
Spring 2019: In April, 7-17 returned to Green Lake County, Wisconsin with male 4-14.
7-17 and mate 4-14 were seen nesting building on pilot Bev Paulan's flight on April 16. However, the nest failed and they were seen off the nest on Bev's flight on May 3. They spent the rest of the summer together on their territory in Green Lake County, Wisconsin.
Personality and Characteristics: Hatched the same day as #7-17. Her parents are EMP whoopers 12-03 & 29-09. As a very tiny crane chick, she was cute and happy and loved to play in the grass.
She could, at times, be uncooperative about coming out of her chick run but that seemed to be a phase and she got over it soon enough.
The smallest of the group – noticeably. Colleen described this female as "pugnacious yet timid to a point then could get an attitude. Initially afraid of water. Stuck to the costume the longest. Very clingy. Definitely bottom of the pecking order in terms of the social structure.
The trio flew north to Sangamon County, Illinois where they stayed for several weeks before 1-17 and 2-17 headed northwest to Iowa. When they arrived, 8-17 was not with them. 8-17 was last sighted May 8.
Summer 2018: 8-17's whereabouts are unknown
Fall 2018: On November 16, 8-17 surprised everyone by arriving at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama! We never learned where she spent her summer, but we're very glad to see she's still alive! However, she did not stay at Wheeler too long- on December 15, she was reported in Meigs County, Tennessee- why is she moving north? She was only reported in Tennessee for two days, and then her whereabouts were unknown until January 16- when she showed up in Crisp County, Georgia, with a large group of Sandhill Cranes! This bird is certainly doing her best to give trackers a run for their money!
8-17 checks out a Sandhill in Crisp County, Georgia. Photo: Mark McShane
Spring 2019: After a long period of not hearing 8-17's whereabouts, we finally learned where she spends her summers! In July, a Whooping Crane was reported in Winnebago County, Iowa! Bands later confirmed this mystery bird was 8-17.
Personality and Characteristics: This fella is the oldest in the Parent-Reared group of 2017 – Oldest by 2 days. He was transported to Wisconsin on September 12th.
The same day they arrived they were banded by Richard Urbanek and given a brief health exam by Patuxent's Dr. Glenn Olsen. Once this was complete he was placed in a temporary holding pen for two days to allow him and the others to recover from the stress of being moved from Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland to Wisconsin.
Whooping crane #19-17 and another male #25-17 were transported to Marathon County, WI on September 14th and released near two adult female cranes, #28-05 and #2-15.
Juvenile crane #19-17 has two white bands on his right leg, which you can see on the crane on the left. #25-17 is on the right.
Over the next few weeks these two formed a bond with the two females and actually followed them south on migration!
Fall 2017: By the end of November this foursome of Whooping cranes had arrived in a lovely wetland in Jackson County, Alabama – some 700+ miles to the southeast!
Spring 2018: Over the winter, these two young male Whooping cranes continued to associate with the two female cranes 2-15 & 28-05 as well as a third male crane, number 37-07. On April 8th the two young cranes began their northward migration and we spotted in Christian County, Kentucky by Craniac Cyndi Rutledge, who sent along the following photograph of the two.
Whooping cranes 19-17 & 25-17 in Christian County, KY on April 8, 2018.
On April 24th #19-17 and his pal #25-17 had flown north and were spotted in Dakota County, Minnesota. Clearly these two are in no rush to return to the area they were released in last fall.
Summer 2018: In mid-May, 19-17 and 25-17 returned to Marathon County, Wisconsin where they were released in 2017. They moved a little way northwest to Clark County, Wisconsin, where they associated with female 36-17. However, they left her behind when they returned to Minnesota in August- this time, Scott County on the Minnesota River!
Fall 2018: In late September, 19-17 and 25-17 crossed the border back into Polk County, Wisconsin where they remained until October 15 when they flew south to Kane County, Illinois. They remained in Kane County until early November, when they returned to their previous wintering grounds in Jackson County, Alabama. They were later joined here by pair 37-07 and 17-11. On January 18, 19-17's companion 25-17 was euthanized after hitting a powerline.
Spring 2019: 19-17 returned to Marathon County, Wisconsin where he was originally released in early April. He is now associating with 28-05 and 2-15, the females he was released with!
Unfortunately, in May, 19-17 was found dead in Marathon County. Cause of death is suspected to be powerline collision, same as his companion 25-17.
Personality and Characteristics: This young male crane also arrived in Wisconsin on September 12th. Following a quick health check and procedure where he received his permanent legbands, he was placed in a pen for a week until a release location could be found.
Number 24-17 was released September 20th in Dodge County, Wisconsin in a marsh where adult female whooping crane #66-15 had been spending time. All Parent-Reared cranes were released at roost locations so that they would have safe roosting areas overnight and until they formed associations with the target release cranes.
OM's Heather Ray monitored this crane post-release and reports that over the many hours he was observed he was only ever seen with Sandhill cranes and never with the target release adult, number 66-15.
This was the first flight this young male crane made. Photo: H. Ray
Three days after this young crane was released he left the marsh for the first time (photo above). He began to associate with a Sandhill pair that had one chick of their own so perhaps they were more open to taking in a second youngster. Each day he flew to a field approximately 4 miles away to forage and then he would return to a small pond to roost. The pond was not too far from the marsh he was released at.
Fall 2017: Number 24-17 migrated south in mid-November and flew to Jasper County, Indiana. This is an area frequented each fall and spring by thousands of Sandhill cranes who congregate at the Jasper Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area. But get this – He was seen with two adult Whooping cranes!
It seems that somewhere along the way, or perhaps when he arrived, he managed to find #71-16 and male #63-15. Here's a photo of the three of them together in Jasper County, Indiana.
Parent-Reared crane #24-17 on the left with adults 71-16 and 63-15 on the right. Photo: Gary Soper
In late December adult #63-15 led this young crane southwest to Kaskaskia Island – his usual wintering location. The adult female these two had been associating with carried on to Jackson County, Indiana.
Spring 2018: By early April, number 24-17 was heading north! His pal, number 63-15 returned to Wisconsin about a month earlier so 24-17 is traveling on his own.
Summer 2018: 24-17 spent most of the summer in Rock County, Wisconsin with Sandhill Cranes.
Fall 2018: In mid-November, 24-17 migrated to Goose Pond Fish and Wildlife Area in Indiana with Sandhill Cranes. He remained there until the end of November, when his PTT transmitter showed that he moved south to Alachua County, Florida!
Spring 2019: 24-17 returned to Wisconsin in early April. He initially arrived in Lafayette County, but in late April moved to Sauk County. Cranes 4-17 and 6-17 joined him for the summer.
Personality and Characteristics: Number 25-17 arrived in Wisconsin on September 12th along with four other Parent-Reared cranes.
19-17 and 25-17 followed two adult female Whooping cranes on a southward migration.
Summer 2018: In mid-May, 25-17 and 19-17 returned to Marathon County, Wisconsin, where they were released in 2017. They moved a little way northwest to Clark County, Wisconsin, where they associated with female 36-17. However, they left her behind when they returned to Minnesota in August- this time, Scott County on the Minnesota River!
Fall 2018: In late September, 25-17 and 19-17 crossed the border back into Polk County Wisconsin, where they remained until October 15 when they flew south to Kane County, Illinois. They remained in Kane County until early November, when they returned to their previous wintering grounds in Jackson County, Alabama. They were later joined here by pair 37-07 and 17-11.
Unfortunately, on January 18, 25-17 was seen injured. When biologists went to check on him, it was determined that he had likely hit a powerline and was not going to recover from his injuries, and thus was euthanized.
Personality and Characteristics: This young female crane was released in Marquette County, Wisconsin on September 18th along with male #28-17. She was pretty much a home body and didn't move around much at all. She was never seen associating with the two adult target cranes: Male #10-11 and female #27-14, however, in late October, she was spotted with two male Whooping cranes, #4-14 and #11-15.
Two males: 11-15 & 4-14 land very close to Parent-Reared female chick #26-17 in Marquette County, WI. Photo: H. Ray, Operation Migration
This young female crane migrated south, possibly with the two adult male cranes, #4-14 and 11-15 to Wabash County, Illinois. Sadly, this young female crane was found dead mid-December in Wabash County, Indiana.
Personality and Characteristics: Released in Marquette County, Wisconsin on September 18th along with female #26-17 and immediately began a game of hide and seek. The two came out of their crates side-by-side but never associated with each other.
26-17 and 38-17 each in a crate, are carried into the area for release.
The day after this young male was released he began a game of hide and seek and was never seen again by trackers. He was spotted a couple of times by Wisconsin DNR pilots during aerial surveys and then by a birder in Walworth County, Wisconsin in late November.
This is the last time 28-17 was seen at the release location in Marquette County, WI. Photo: H. Ray
28-17 was spotted in Walworth County, WI in late November by Beth Martin.
This was the only Whooping crane chick in the 2017 cohort that did not receive a remote tracking device so we have to rely on public sightings like the one above to verify his identity.
Winter 2017/18: Whooping crane 28-17 finally appeared in south Florida in late January 2018. He was associating with three Sandhill cranes but he wasn't too far from the area where 16-12 is known to be. A bit further south is another young Parent-Reared Whooping Crane, #72-17. Here's hoping the three of them actually find each other!
Spring 2018: At the end of May, this young crane was spotted in Dodge County, Wisconsin.
Summer 2018: 28-17 was observed in June by DNR scientists a few times at Grand River Marsh, where he was originally released. However, he was on the move a lot and was difficult to keep track of!
28-17 hangs out near International Crane Foundation Headquarters before migration. Photo: Ted Thousand
Fall 2018: At the end of September, 28-17 began staging with a large group of Sandhills in Sauk County, Wisconsin right down the road from International Crane Foundation Headquarters! In mid-November, he was seen near Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area in northern Indiana, where he remained throughout the winter. He has frequently been seen associating with 39-17. Both birds have mainly associated with Sandhill Cranes since being released, so hopefully these two will stay together!
28-17 and 39-17 dance in Jasper County, Indiana. Photo: Gary Soper
Spring 2019: 28-17 was first seen at Horicon Marsh on March 13 with male 16-11. He likely departed Jasper-Pulaski with 16-11 and his chicks 73-18 and 74-18 the day before, making him one of the first Whooping Cranes to return to Wisconsin in 2019! The chicks separated immediately, though 28-17 and 16-11 stayed together a few days before 16-11 went off in search of a mate. Will 28-17 remain at Horicon Marsh this summer?
Personality and Characteristics: This young female Whooping crane arrived with the second shipment of cranes from Patuxent Wildlife Research Center on October 3rd.
A couple of days after she arrived she was moved to Winnebago County, Wisconsin to be released in the same wetland as #72-17 was spending time following his release a couple of weeks earlier.
Number 30-17 hid for a couple of days but eventually came out from her hiding spot and began associating Sandhill cranes. Jo-Anne Bellemer monitored this crane for several weeks and only ever saw her by herself, or with a small group of Sandhills.
30-17 was released in Winnebago County, WI. Photo: J. Bellemer
During the first week of November, she began heading southwest and arrived at a location along the Mississippi River. She stayed at this location until the middle of the month and then continued south – and continue she did. All the way to the southernmost tip of Louisiana!
Take a look at her migration map:
She is in a coastal area of Louisiana that is very remote and her tracking device allows us to keep tabs on her location so we'll update this as soon as she decides to head north in the spring.
Spring 2018: Unfortunately, the carcass of 30-17 was recovered in late April during migration in Lake County, Illinois. The cause of death is believed to be predation.
Hatch Date: June 8, 2017
Personality and Characteristics: This young female was raised by adult Whooping cranes at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Laurel, Maryland. She was shipped to Wisconsin with four others on October 3rd when they were banded upon arrival and placed in a temporary holding pen.
Two days later, she and female PR #37-17 were transferred to north Marathon County, WI and released in the vicinity of two male yearling cranes. Numbers 29-16 and 39-16 were Parent-Reared cranes from the 2016.
These two juvenile cranes were monitored by interns with the International Crane Foundation and they reported they observed a "loose association" with the two yearling males.
The two adult males on the left and two juvenile Whooping cranes on the right. Photo: Bev Paulan, Wisconsin DNR
They were observed in the same area several times but a bond didn't seem to form and the two males flew south to the wintering location they used last year – leaving the two young female cranes behind.
Number 36-17 began heading south along with 37-17 on November 12. Both have GSM remote tracking devices so we are able to see when/where they are with good accuracy.
Unfortunately, the remains of 37-17 were collected by Necedah National Wildlife Refuge biologist Brad Strobel on November 13th from Necedah, Wisconsin where it appears she collided with a powerline.
Whooping crane 36-17 continued south and flew to Jasper Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area in northern Indiana. She remained there until the 2017/18 polar vortex moved south and she then flew further south to the panhandle area of Florida where she remained for the winter.
Spring 2018: 36-17 returned to Clark County, Wisconsin near the area was she was released in May, but she did a bit of exploring first! Her satellite transmitter showed that when she headed north, she kept going north- until she came to the Apostle Islands in Lake Superior! After a few days there, she decided she didn't want to cross the lake and turned around to head back to Clark County after a few detours. For much of the summer, she associated with 19-17 and 25-17, but she did not follow them when they returned to Minnesota in August.
Fall 2018: In October, 36-17 moved east to Marathon County where she began associating with female-female pair 28-05 and 2-15. In mid-November, the group of three migrated first to southeast Indiana, then continued further south.
Unfortunately, 36-17's remains were recovered in late November after the group of three was roosting on a farm in Kentucky. Cause of death is currently unknown, but a powerline collision is suspected.
Hatch Date: June 16, 2017
Two days later, she and female PR #36-17 were transferred to north Marathon County, WI and released in the vicinity of two male yearling cranes. Numbers 29-16 and 39-16 were Parent-Reared cranes from the 2016 release and had been hanging out in the Marathon County location for approximately 3 weeks.
These two juvenile cranes were monitored by interns with the International Crane Foundation and they reported they observed a "loose association" with the two yearling males. They were observed in the same area several times but a bond didn't seem to form and the two males flew south to the wintering location they used last year – leaving the two young female cranes behind.
Personality and Characteristics: She was hatched at the Patuxent Wildlife Research Center in Maryland and transported to Wisconsin on October 3rd. She and number 39-17 were released at the same location on Horicon National Wildlife Refuge in Dodge County, Wisconsin on October 5th in hopes they would find adult crane #63-15.
Whooping crane 38-17 takes her first flight. Photo: H. Ray
The two did not stay together for long and number 38-17 soon moved a bit southwest of her release location, while #39-17 moved to the east side of the refuge. Both spent time with Sandhill cranes.
Number 38-17 was associating with a couple of Sandhill cranes – One appeared to have a broken wing and couldn't migrate south.
See the Sandhill in the middle? Note the droopy wing? Photo: Doug Pellerin
By the end of December one of the Sandhill's had left and number 38-17 and the bird with the broken wing were still at Horicon despite frigid temperatures. A plan was worked out to capture the young Whooping crane, however, only the Sandhill crane was captured. It was taken to a rehab facility for examination and to determine if the wing could be repaired.
Meanwhile, number 38-17 continued to spend time at Horicon and as of January 8, 2018 she was still there. Several capture attempts have been made but she has managed to evade capture so far. ICF's Hillary Thompson reports 38-17 appears to be eating the corn at the bait station and she is likely eating snow for water. She ended up surviving the cold Wisconsin winter and never migrated south!
Spring 2018: In mid-March #38-17 was joined by two Sandhill cranes. Let's hope she finds a Whooping crane at the marsh this year and actually migrates south this coming fall.
Summer 2018: After spending most of the summer with Sandhill Cranes, 38-17 joined Whooping Crane 63-15 at the end of November! We are all hoping she will continue to stick with him and migrate south this fall!
38-17 and new friend 63-15 hang out in Dodge County. Photo: Doug Pellerin
Fall 2018: On November 21, 38-17's GSM tracker shows she has left Wisconsin! On November 26, the transmitter shows she arrived at 63-15's wintering grounds in Randolph County, Illinois. Shortly after, the two of the were confirmed to be together. We're very excited that 38-17 decided to migrate!
Spring 2019: Satellite data from 38-17 indicates that she departed Illinois and returned to Horicon Marsh on March 24. We are so glad that she has completed her first migration! Shortly after arriving, it was confirmed that she was still with male 63-15.
63-15 and 38-17 dance together. Photo: Doug Pellerin
This young crane flew off shortly after release and roosted approximately 300 meters from 38-17. The following day, Heather was able to get a visual on both of them and confirmed they were alright.
Over the next few weeks, this young Whooping Crane traveled to the east side of the Horicon National Wildlife Refuge with a small flock of Sandhill cranes. She was never observed with another Whooping crane.
On December 9th, number 39-17 began heading south and in one day covered approximately 200 miles before arriving at Jasper Pulaski State Fish and Wildlife Area in Jasper County, Indiana.
As of mid-January, she is still at this location.
Spring 2018: This young crane headed north – unfortunately, into Michigan!
Whooping crane 39-17 ventured north into Michigan. We'll have to wait to see if she heads back south to go around the lake and into Wisconsin.
Spring 2018: Thankfully, in late April, 39-17 changed course and came back around Lake Michigan into Wisconsin. On April 29th, she settled in Outagamie County, Wisconsin.
Summer 2018: 39-17 remained for most of the summer in Outagamie County, Wisconsin with Sandhill Cranes.
Fall 2018: On November 13, 39-17 migrated to Jasper-Pulaski Fish and Wildlife Area in northern Indiana, where she spent all last winter. She has frequently been associated with male 28-17. Both birds have mainly associated with Sandhill Cranes since being released, so hopefully these two will stay together! In February, a cold snap sent her south to Jackson County, Indiana.
Spring 2019: In late March, 39-17 returned to Wisconsin . . . and kept going, all the way to the Upper Peninsula of Michigan! She has so far spent April moving between the Upper Peninsula and northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, and even crossing into Canada!
Unfortunately, 39-17 was found dead of a gunshot wound on Manitoulin Island in Ontario, Canada on May 5. The case is currently under investigation by Canadian authorities. Anyone with information concerning the shooting should contact the Crime Stoppers Tips Hotline at 1-800-222-TIPS (8477). The Whooping Crane Conservation Association and International Crane Foundation are offering a $3,000 reward for information leading to the suspect's arrest.
Personality and Characteristics: Number 72-17 was hatched and raised by adult Whooping Cranes at the International Crane Foundation. His nickname is Amethyst.
He was released in Winnebago County, WI on October 6th and the next day was observed with Sandhill Cranes exploring the surrounding area.
Whooping Crane #72-17 (aka Amethyst). Photo: J. Bellemer
About a week later #30-17 was released near him but the two were never observed associating.
He began heading south on November 16th and only 4 days later he arrived in central Florida – some 1200 miles south.
Whooping crane 72-17's migration route south.
Winter 2017/18: Whooping Crane 72-17 is confirmed in Okeechobee County, FL along with Sandhill cranes.
Spring 2018: Whooping crane 72-17 began heading north in early April. Four days later, he took a right turn over north Kentucky and eventually ended up in Michigan. We'll have to see if he eventually finds his way back to Wisconsin where he'll have a much better chance at finding other Whooping cranes.
As of June, this young Whooping crane is still in Michigan.
Summer 2018: 72-17 remained in Ingham County, Michigan for the summer
Fall 2018: On November 20th, 72-17's transmitter showed he was heading south! He was in Jay County, Indiana, for a few days before arriving in Jefferson County in northeast Tennessee on the 29th, where he remained for the winter.
Spring 2019: On March 12, satellite data from 72-17 shows that he has returned to Michigan! He spent most of the spring wandering around the lower part of the state, but settled in Saginaw County.
Crane #W3-17
Hatch Date: May 2017
Personality and Characteristics: This youngster was born to Whooping cranes 24-09 and 42-09 in May 2017 and survived to fledge. The Monitoring and Management team was unable to capture the young crane to place identifying legbands on it and to draw blood to determine gender so we're not sure if it's a boy or a girl crane.
It flew south with its parents to their traditional wintering area in Hopkins County, Kentucky and then returned north with them in April of 2018. The adults promptly and not very politely kicked her out of their territory so that they could breed. This youngster will need to find its own mate and territory!
Summer 2018: W3-17 spent the summer in Adams County after being kicked out by her parents, only about a mile away from their nesting territory. In early July, she was captured and was given leg bands and a radio transmitter for tracking purposes. And yes, the blood test showed that she was a girl!
She spent most of the summer with male 39-16 (who died during the summer) or Sandhill Cranes.
Fall 2018: W3-17 began associating with male 11-15. In mid-November, the two showed up at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama where they spent the winter- a new pair?
W3-17 hangs out with new friend 11-15 and some Sandhills in the fall. Photo: Doug Pellerin
Spring 2019: W3-17 left Wheeler NWR with a group of 5 other birds in early March. They were seen passing through northern Illinois, and arrived at White River Marsh by the end of the month. She remains with male 11-15.
W3-17 separated from 11-15 in late April, and instead began associating with male 30-16! This pair is the first wild-hatched/parent-reared pair.
W3-17 nested with new mate 30-16 at White River Marsh in April. This was the first nest between a parent-reared bird and a wild-hatched bird- the first nest where neither parent was raised by costumes! Despite the young ages of the parents, they produced a fertile egg. The pair was seen off nest in mid-May. Eggshell fragments were found on the nest, but no chicks were seen so it is inconclusive whether a hatch occurred.
Hatch Date: June 2017
Personality and Characteristics: This youngster was born at Necedah National Wildlife Refuge to Whooping Cranes 24-08 and 14-08 in June 2017 and survived to fledge. Blood draws revealed that this chick is a girl!
She flew south to Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama, her parents usual wintering spot. They were first seen on the refuge November 26th.
Spring 2018: In early March, the family group began heading back north and was seen in Edwards County in southern Illinois. However, 14-08 and 24-08 left W7-17 there as they continued to migrate north back to Necedah! On her own, W7-17 seemed to get a little lost as she next showed up in Wright County, Minnesota!
Summer 2018: W7-17 spent the summer associating with Sandhill Cranes in Minnesota.
Fall 2018: W7-17 left Minnesota in mid-October, and was the first Whooping Crane to arrive at Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge in Alabama on October 24th! She may not have known how to get back to Wisconsin, but she clearly knows how to get back to her wintering grounds. She mainly associates with male 3-17, so hopefully he can bring her back to Wisconsin in 2019.
Spring 2019: W7-17 left Wheeler National Wildlife Refuge with a group of 5 other birds, including male 3-17. They were seen migrating together in Illinois, but when he was first seen at White River Marsh in Wisconsin, he had a new mate. What happened to W7-17? In early May, she reappeared in Burnett County, in far northern Wisconsin!
After a long period of no sightings in the spring, W7-17 resurfaced in Sherburne County, Minnesota! While trackers were hoping she would stay in Wisconsin this year, she had spent all last summer in this area so it's not a big surprise that she would return.
She returned to Wisconsin and spent late summer and fall with Sandhill Cranes in Burnett County.


Have You Been Keeping Up With The Latest SEO Trends?
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Tablets and smartphones have become a staple in our society, and they've created a demand for mobile-friendly websites. In 2015, Google updated its algorithm to attribute a higher ranking to web pages that are mobile friendly. On the other hand, websites that aren't mobile friendly are now at risk of becoming invisible in search results — and statistics show mobile is the most common starting point when conducting an online search.
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Health and Risk Communication (6)
Interpersonal Communication (4)
Keywords: social support x
Supportive Communication Providers for Chronic Disease Management
Kristin L. Farris and Maureen P. Keeley
Social support in the context of chronic illness management is important, as individuals diagnosed with these conditions and their loved ones often experience increased distress, reduced relational quality, and diminished physical health as a result of coping with these long-term symptoms. Therefore, diagnosed individuals and their close relational partners rely on others to provide support in their time of need. The communication of social support is characterized by "verbal and nonverbal behavior produced with the intention of providing assistance to others perceived of needing that aid" (MacGeorge, Feng, & Burleson, 2011, p. 317). Individuals living with these chronic illnesses and their loved ones often turn to a variety of interpersonal others, including friends, family, health care providers, and support groups to manage the difficulties that accompany their physical symptoms. Although some researchers suggest that diagnosed individuals seek support most frequently from close relational partners, other scholars assert that chronic care support groups (whether meeting face to face or via computer-mediated channels) offer support recipients an opportunity to discuss their challenges and receive help from experientially similar others. On the one hand, regardless of the support provider, individuals who have been diagnosed with chronic conditions generally perceive effective supportive communication to be messages in which their support providers enact competent tangible assistance in managing the illness, provide an opportunity for them to vent their feelings, and express messages of empathy and affection, among others. Ineffective messages, on the other hand, are those in which diagnosed individuals feel their partners are overly involved in helping them make decisions about their care or portraying negative attitudes or discomfort around them. Overall, research in this area suggests that support recipients and their relational partners have improved emotional, relational, and physical outcomes when they perceive support to be available or receive effective support from these resources.
Advice: Communicating to Support and Influence
Erina MacGeorge and Lyn Van Swol
Advice is a recommendation for action that includes both suggestions for behavior and ways of feeling and thinking about the problem. It is a ubiquitous phenomenon in personal and professional settings, and functions as a form of both social support and social influence. Advice often improves coping and decision-making outcomes but can also be perceived as intrusive, threaten recipient's sense of competence and autonomy, and damage relationships. Although advisors often have expertise that can benefit the recipient, advice recipients often discount and underutilize advice, to their disadvantage. Recipients are more likely to utilize advice from advisors they trust, who engender confidence, and who have more expertise or experience. They are also more likely to seek and use it when they have not thought of solutions independently. Recipients who are overconfident, have more expertise, or have more power than an advisor are much less likely to seek and utilize advice. When giving advice, advisors often consider different factors than they would if they were making decisions for themselves, resulting in advice that is more normative and less tailored to individual preferences. Advice can be delivered in a variety of ways, and this stylistic variation has consequences for recipient outcomes. For example, highly direct or blunt forms of advice underscore the advisor's implicit claim to status and often generate more negative evaluations of the advice and advisor. Advice message content also influences recipients' advice evaluation. Content that emphasizes efficacy of the action, feasibility, and limitations of the advice tends to improve evaluation and utilization of advice. This research is synthesized in advice response theory (ART), which indicates that advice outcomes are influenced by message content and style, interaction qualities, advisor characteristics, recipient traits, and features of the situation for which or in which advice is sought. Behaviors that co-occur with advice, such as argumentation, emotional support, and planning, also influence outcomes. The sequencing of advice in interaction also matters; the integrated model of advice (IMA) indicates that advice in supportive interactions is best placed after emotional support and problem analysis. The contexts in which advice are given influence the exchange and outcomes of advice. These include personal and professional relationships, in which relational cognitions and professional norms affect the process and outcomes of advising; groups and organizations, in which advising processes become complex due to the multiplicity of relationships, goals, and expectations; cultures, in which advice-seeking and advice-giving varies in perceived appropriateness; and digital environments, which are often valued for advice that is unobtainable elsewhere.
Social Influence Processes and Health Outcomes in Alcoholics Anonymous
Kevin Wright
Social influence processes play an important role in the recovery process for alcoholics who affiliate with Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). Group norms at AA emphasize the sharing of stories about past difficulties with alcohol, the circumstances that led a person to join AA, and how life has changed since achieving sobriety. These narratives serve to increase collective identity among AA members via shared experiences and to reinforce AA ideology. In discussions and interpersonal interactions at AA meetings, AA ideology is also communicated and reinforced through AA literature and the discussion of central tenets, such as the Twelve Steps and Twelve Traditions, the idea that alcoholism is a progressive disease, and the need to be active in one's sobriety. Moreover, AA meetings provide an opportunity for recovering alcoholics to find others who share similar experiences, an opportunity for greater social comparisons to other alcoholics than are typically available in primary social networks, and group-suggested role obligations that influence commitment to AA and long-term sobriety. These social influence processes have been linked to important health outcomes, including longer abstinence from alcohol use than with other treatment options, reduced stigma associated with alcoholism, reduced stress/depression, increased self-efficacy, and the acquisition of coping skills that are important to the recovery process.
Affection Exchange Theory
Kory Floyd and Benjamin E. Custer
Affectionate communication constitutes verbal behaviors (e.g., saying "I love you"), nonverbal gestures (e.g., hugging, handholding), and socially supportive behaviors (e.g., helping with a project) that humans employ to develop and maintain close relationships with others. In addition to its relational benefits, affectionate communication contributes to health and wellness for both senders and receivers. Affection exchange theory (AET) addresses the questions of why humans engage in affectionate communication and why diverse benefits are associated with such behaviors. A robust empirical literature supports AET's contention that both expressing and receiving affectionate behavior are associated with physical and mental health benefits. Despite these contributions, however, some compelling questions about affectionate communication remain to be addressed, and AET can provide a useful framework for doing so.
Blogging, Microblogging, and Exposure to Health and Risk Messages
Stephen A. Rains
The widespread diffusion of social media in recent years has created a number of opportunities and challenges for health and risk communication. Blogs and microblogs are specific forms of social media that appear to be particularly important. Blogs are webpages authored by an individual or group in which entries are published in reverse chronological order; microblogs are largely similar, but limited in the total number of characters that may be published per entry. Researchers have begun exploring the use and consequences of blogs and microblogs among individuals coping with illness as well as for health promotion. Much of this work has focused on better understanding people's motivations for blogging about illness and the content of illness blogs. Coping with the challenges of illness and connecting with others are two primary motivations for authoring an illness blog, and blogs typically address medical issues (e.g., treatment options) and the author's thoughts and feelings about experiencing illness. Although less prevalent, there is also evidence that illness blogging can be a resource for social support and facilitate coping efforts. Researchers studying the implications of blogs and microblogs for health promotion and risk communication have tended to focus on the use of these technologies by health professionals and for medical surveillance. Medical professionals appear to compose a noteworthy proportion of all health bloggers. Moreover, blogs and microblogs have been shown to serve a range of surveillance functions. In addition to being used to follow illness outbreaks in real-time, blogs and microblogs have offered a means for understanding public perceptions of health and risk-related issues including medical controversies. Taken as whole, contemporary research on health blogs and microblogs underscores the varied and important functions of these forms of social media for health and risk communication.
Networked Individualism, East Asian Style
Vincent Chua and Barry Wellman
"Networked individualism" represents the phenomenon that people are managers of their own personal networks. Networked individualism in an East (and Southeast) Asian context draws attention to the significant role of Asian social institutions and culture in the patterning of personal communities. When compared to Western situations—particularly American—East Asian personal communities are just as vibrant and supportive. They have woven seamlessly with digital media, extend both near and far, and are rich in social support. There are several differences that make East Asian societies unique, such as their strong focus on kinship, the salience of hierarchical social capital, the culture of mutual monitoring occurring through strong ties (e.g., guanxi), and the accelerated rise of digital media in everyday life.
Neighborhood Considerations for Social Determinants of Health and Risk
Holley A. Wilkin
When it comes to health and risk, "place" matters. People who live in lower-income neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by obesity and obesity-related diseases like heart disease, hypertension, and diabetes; asthma; cancers; mental health issues; etc., compared to those that live in higher-income communities. Contributing to these disparities are individual-level factors (e.g., education level, health literacy, healthcare access) and neighborhood-level factors such as the socioeconomic characteristics of the neighborhood; crime, violence, and social disorder; the built environment; and the presence or absence of health-enhancing and health-compromising resources. Social determinants of health—for example, social support, social networks, and social capital—may improve or further complicate health outcomes in low-income neighborhoods. Social support is a type of transaction between two or more people intended to help the recipient in some fashion. For instance, a person can help provide someone who is grieving or dealing with a newly diagnosed health issue by providing emotional support. Informational support may be provided to someone trying to diagnose, manage, and/or treat a health problem. Instrumental support may come in the help of making meals for someone who is ill, running errands for them, or taking them to a doctor's appointment. Unfortunately, those who may have chronic diseases and require a lot of support or who otherwise do not feel able to provide support may not seek it due to the expectation of reciprocity. Neighborhood features can enable or constrain people from developing social networks that can help provide social support when needed. There are different types of social networks: some can enhance health outcomes, while others may have a more limiting or even a detrimental effect on health. Social capital results in the creation of resources that may or may not improve health outcomes. Communication infrastructure theory offers an opportunity to create theoretically grounded health interventions that consider the social and neighborhood characteristics that influence health outcomes. The theory states that every neighborhood has a communication infrastructure that consists of a neighborhood storytelling network—which includes elements similar to the social determinants of health—embedded in a communication action context that enables or constrains neighborhood storytelling. People who are more engaged in their neighborhood storytelling networks are in a better position to reduce health disparities—for example, to fight to keep clinics open or to clean up environmental waste. The communication action context features are similar to the neighborhood characteristics that influence health outcomes. Communication infrastructure theory may be useful in interventions to address neighborhood health and risk.
Military Families and Communication
Steven R. Wilson and Leanne K. Knobloch
Since the terrorist attacks on U.S. soil on September 11, 2001, communication scholars have turned their attention to understanding family communication processes across the deployment cycle. Military families are composed of service members as well as their spouses/partners, children, and extended family members. In 2012, U. S. Department of Defense statistics indicate that 53% of U.S. military personnel are married and 44% have children. Although scholars from fields such as family studies, psychology, and sociology have been studying military families since World War II, family communication scholars are relative newcomers to this topic. There are several reasons why communication scholars have spent the past decade investigating how service members, spouses, and children interact with each other as well as their larger social networks. One reason is the length and scope of the post 9/11 conflicts, such that millions of families in the U.S. and abroad have been impacted by these wars. A second is that the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq represent the first time the U.S. has fought two wars simultaneously with an all-volunteer force. This has meant that the burden of service has fallen on a small percentage of the U.S. public, which sometimes has left military families feeling isolated from their civilian counterparts. Third, communication technologies have evolved in comparison to prior conflicts, such that service members often have had the opportunity to interact regularly with family via multiple channels (e.g., phone, video, email, and social networking sites as well as letters/packages) during recent deployments. A fourth reason is that deployments create a context in which families are faced with choices and potential dilemmas about communicating. From the time that deployment orders are received, throughout months of separation, and after the service member returns home, military families must decide what to talk about (or avoid talking about) openly. During deployment, family members must find ways of maintaining their relationships while coping with new stressors. After the service member returns home, families often must manage relational uncertainty while renegotiating routines. In cases where service members have difficulty readjusting to civilian life, family members must find ways of navigating dilemmas that can arise when they attempt to voice their concerns. Most military families display remarkable resilience in responding to these communicative transitions and tensions. By conducting research framed by a number of theories, family communication scholars have worked towards better understanding the experiences of military families and producing knowledge useful for those serving with military families. Although comparative work on military families in other countries is starting to emerge, most research on communication processes has focused on U.S. military families. Research grounded in the relational turbulence model, communication privacy management theory, multiple goals theories, relational dialectics, and intergroup communication theories has helped clarify how military families communicatively navigate the process of having a service member deployed.
Disasters and Communication about Health
Rebecca Cline and Andrea Meluch
Health consequences and key communication processes that emerge during disasters vary by type of disaster. The types of disasters that researchers have most investigated are rapid-onset natural disasters and slowly-evolving human-caused disasters. Three types of communication processes occur in disasters that have implications for health. The first set of communication processes involves the social dynamics of affected communities. Communities that experience natural disasters tend to exhibit an emergent altruistic community; community members join together to support each other in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. In contrast, community conflict is the hallmark of slowly-evolving environmental disasters. That conflict triggers a cascade of social dynamics that infests close personal relationships with interpersonal conflict, stigmatization of victims and advocates, and pressures to avoid open communication (i.e., social constraints) regarding the disaster and its traumatic effects. These dynamics contribute to elevated mental health problems. The second set of communication processes focuses specifically on social support. Supportive communication processes and networks are important resources for coping with ongoing disasters and for mitigating their longer-term mental health effects. Due to differences in community-level social dynamics, patterns of social support evolve differently in natural versus human-caused disasters. Natural disasters are typified by immediate intra-community social support. Community members support each other in the immediate aftermath of the disaster. Ultimately this social support is overwhelmed by the disaster's needs and deteriorates. As a result, communities are largely dependent on internal and external institutional sources to meet community members' needs. In contrast, slowly-evolving human-caused disasters tend to exhibit the emergence of corrosive communities. In these communities, those most affected by the disasters (those whose health is harmed or who claim other harmful or potentially harmful effects, and those who function as advocates) tend to experience failed or diminished social support. Whereas the community may previously have been altruistic, mutual help either fails to emerge or is withdrawn in the disaster context. Failed social support contributes to the relatively worse mental health consequences of slowly-evolving human-caused disasters when compared to natural disasters. The third set of communication processes relate to institutional responses in disasters. In natural disasters, institutional communication is driven largely by widely disseminated and applied models that are intended to prevent harm and to provide resources to address harm and to reduce further negative consequences to health and well-being. Institutions and their agencies provide resources immediately following the disaster to meet basic human needs and, thereafter, to restore normalcy to the community and thereby protect community members' physical and mental health. These efforts assume that natural disasters unfold in predictable stages (i.e., preparedness, warning, post-disaster, recovery) and that institutions' responses should vary according to the stage of the disaster. In contrast, no such response models exist for slowly-evolving human-caused disasters. Moreover, community members experiencing such disasters often encounter what they perceive as institutional failures by both community-based and external responding institutions. Often community institutions (e.g., business, government) are perceived as causing the disaster and/or minimizing it, if not denying its existence or covering it up. As a result, communities experiencing this class of disasters tend to develop substantial distrust for local and responding institutions.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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HomeAbout UsFA Constitution
The most recent version of the Broome Community College Faculty Association Constitution follows below. Feel free to download/print this PDF version of the constitution.
ARTICLE I – NAME OF ORGANIZATION
The organization shall be known as the Faculty Association of Broome Community College, hereinafter referred to as the Association.
ARTICLE II – PURPOSE
To foster educational excellence and an atmosphere of intellectual freedom for the faculty, staff, and students of Broome Community College.
To recommend improvements regarding curriculum, instruction, and the welfare of the students and the faculty.
To provide the means for the ongoing study of educational matters and for the intellectual and cultural growth of college personnel.
To promote inter- departmental understanding.
To review personnel policies, enforce the hours, wages, and terms and conditions of employment, and assist the administration and Board of Trustees in the improvement of personnel status.
To act as the sole and exclusive representative for the bargaining unit concerning working conditions and compensation.
To provide a forum where members of the faculty may express their ideas and have a voice in the continuing development of the College and its academic policies.
ARTICLE III – MEMBERSHIP
Membership shall consist of College Staff who are eligible to be in the bargaining unit, who have signed and had accepted by the treasurer of the Association an Association membership application, and who have paid the annual dues in full or who are having dues deducted through the payroll of the College. Those persons who are eligible for membership are defined in the Recognition Article of the Employment Contract.
The dues shall cover membership in this local Association. The Local shall be affiliated with the New York State United Teachers (NYSUT) and its national affiliates.
The membership year shall be September 1 through August 31. A "grace period" shall exist through September for members from the previous year. During this grace period, members from the previous year shall have voting rights.
Members of the Association are hereinafter referred to as members.
Agency Fee. In recognition of the obligation of the Association to represent those who are a part of the bargaining unit, regardless of their Association membership, an agency fee in an amount equal to Association dues shall be imposed on all full-time college employees of the bargaining unit as listed in the Recognition Article of the Employment Contract who are not Association members when such an agency fee is in force. Such agency fee payers shall receive a copy of the current contract and shall not enjoy such membership benefits as the following:
cannot be nominated or elected as an officer or councilor.
cannot participate in the election of any councilor or officer.
shall have no voting rights on any issue.
cannot attend any meetings except by invitation.
shall not receive local mailings.
ARTICLE IV – OFFICERS
The officers shall be a President, Vice-president/Grievance Chairperson, Secretary/Parliamentarian, and a Treasurer.
ARTICLE V – EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
The Executive Committee of the Association shall consist of the officers, the past President, and the past Vice-president. Its meetings shall be scheduled by the President at the beginning of the fall semester and again at the beginning of the spring semester and publicized to the Association.
ARTICLE VI – REPRESENTATIVE COUNCIL
The Representation Council, hereinafter referred to as Rep Council or councilors, shall be the primary policy making body of the Association. Its meetings shall be scheduled by the Secretary at the beginning of the fall semester and again at the beginning of the spring semester and publicized to the Association.
Rep Council is responsible for the formulation of all policy, new and revised, with the exception of constitutional changes and ratification of employment contracts.
Any member of Rep Council who cannot be present at a meeting of Rep Council may designate another Member to act as her or his proxy at that meeting. The councilor shall furnish that proxy with a signed letter specifying the proxy, which the proxy will deliver to the President or Secretary/Parliamentarian at the meeting in which she or he will serve. Alternatively, the councilor may send an email from her or his college email account to the President, and a copy to the proxy, specifying the proxy.
ARTICLE VII – COMMITTEES
Rep Council through the President as member ex-officio shall regulate and supervise all committees.
There shall be the following standing committees:
The Financial Audit Committee, which shall arrange for an audit of the Treasurer's books once each year before the election, and shall report to Rep Council in writing.
Grievance Review Board, which may assist the Vice-President/Grievance Chairperson in the assessment and preparation of grievances as needed. It shall consist of the four previous presidents, if available and the previous Vice- President/Grievance Chairperson if available. In addition, any Member engaged in a personal grievance may appoint any other Member to be his or her advocate with the grievance.
Nominations and Elections Committee, which will be chaired by the Secretary. It shall be the charge of this committee to call for nominations to Rep Council and Officers' positions, assemble ballots, and supervise all elections. This committee is also charged with broadening the base of potential Representatives by educating the Members about the importance of serving on Rep Council, and encouraging Members in each represented constituency to seek election.
Negotiation Resource Committee, which shall be responsible for ongoing education of the membership with regard to contract issues, and shall poll the membership with regard to upcoming negotiations. Membership of this committee will consist of Members in good standing, drawn from each of the constituencies represented by the Association, chaired by a member of Rep Council. They shall be selected by majority vote of Rep Council.
The President may appoint additional committees, such as (but not limited to) consumer affairs, or political action, as the need arises. All such committees shall report periodically as required by the President and Rep Council.
ARTICLE VIII – ELECTIONS
All elections shall be held in accordance with the By-Laws of the Faculty Association of Broome Community College.
ARTICLE IX – MEETINGS
The Association will hold meetings of the full membership at the beginning of each semester.
Additional meetings of the membership may be called by the President, Executive Committee, or a vote of the majority of Rep Council for the purpose of information and discussion.
Polity. The Polity is a meeting of the members of the Association. Decisions reached as a Polity take precedence over decisions of Rep Council. The calling of a polity, and the procedures to be followed at a polity are governed by the By-Laws of the Faculty Association of Broome Community College.
All meetings shall be conducted according to Roberts' Rules of Order, Revised.
ARTICLE X – BY-LAWS
The By-Laws of the Faculty Association of Broome Community College exist to carry out the provisions of this Constitution.
ARTICLE XI – FINANCIAL STRUCTURE
Reimbursement of elected officers and negotiating team members shall be determined by Rep Council.
The fiscal year shall be from September 1 through August 31.
The Treasurer shall submit to Rep Council a budget and a fiscal report annually. These shall be distributed to the membership after approval by Rep Council.
ARTICLE XII – AMENDMENTS AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGES
Voting on amendments and constitutional changes shall be by mail ballot no earlier than one (1) week from a Polity where the changes were discussed, and no later than three (3) weeks from that Polity.
Balloting shall be supervised by an officer of the Association. Valid ballots must retain the mailing label or signature to ensure a valid vote.
A simple majority of the members of the Association must approve amendments and constitutional changes.


Designed to work equally well in contemporary or traditional homes, Antiquity was inspired by a visit to a recent exhibition at the Victoria & Albert Museum in London of the work of Regency designer Thomas Hope. "Hope was the world's first interior designer; he was determined to reform contemporary taste in the early 19th century by returning architecture, interiors and furniture to the spirit of classical purity," Drake says. In Antiquity classic Etruscan and Greco-Roman architectural motifs of silk embellish a subtly colored border against a wool neutral field creating a rug that is classical in personality yet simplified for 21st century homes. Hand-knotted in Nepal.


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Any home is a big investment. Adding a GE whole house water filter system helps reduce sediment, sand and rust at the main water supply so there's less build up inside water heaters, pipes, dishwashers and other appliances and fixtures throughout your home.
* Based on research conducted by the Water Quality Association (WQA) Water Softener Benefits Study, 2011.
** Versus previous GE water softeners and WQA water usage studies. Applies to model GXSH40V and model GXSH45V.


SYDNEY: With scores of dating Web sites catering for the bold and the beautiful, a growing number of niche sites are emerging for less fortunate lonely hearts, those struggling with mental or physical problems.
Australian matchmaker Sara Fantauzzo came up with www.SpecialSomeone.com.au to link up people with special needs after watching her autistic brother struggle to make friendships.
"I've grown up with a brother with a very mild disability and I've seen him very low and very depressed as a direct result of rejections," Melbourne-based Fantauzzo, who set up the Web site with her husband Otis nearly a year ago, told Reuters.
"I got sick of seeing Marc at home on a Saturday night or having him come along with my friends because he never had anyone to go out himself."
Fantauzzo came up the idea of a Web site to match up people with special needs after noticing her brother joining a few community groups with people with different disabilities and these groups were far more accepting of a wide range of problems.
Similarly American Ricky Durham set up www.prescription4love.com, which matches people suffering from a list of health conditions, after realizing how difficult it was for his brother Keith who had Crohns Disease to meet someone.
"It was hard for him to disclose his disease to anyone, but it was really hard for him to tell someone he had a colostomy bag," Durham told Reuters.
"I thought if he met someone at a Web site where everyone had the same condition, there would be nothing to disclose."
His brother died in 2004, aged 41, as the Web site was being developed but Atlanta-based Durham pushed ahead.
The site launched two years ago and now has about 5,300 members from the United States, Australia, Britain, Canada and Israel suffering from more than 50 types of illnesses and disorders including multiple sclerosis, hepatitis, lupus, Tourette syndrome, sexually transmitted diseases, and obesity.
"The ex gave me the gift that keeps on giving ... Herpes," wrote one member. "What I'm looking for is someone who understands why I am on this site and is still willing to live our lives to the fullest and not let this "problem" stop us."
Analysis company Hitwise estimates there are now more than 1,350 dating sites in the United States alone which is up from 876 three years ago with 44 per cent catering for niche groups.
Specialsomeone and Prescription4Love are two of a growing number of niche dating sites emerging for singles who don't fit the traditional mould, with strong growth also in matchmaker sites based on religion, sports, pet ownership and music.
Others include ones catering for people with disabilities like Disabled Dating World or ones for people with STDs like PositiveSingles.com.
Durham believes niche Web sites are successful because they are safe spaces for people seeking friendship or love who risk serious embarrassment talking about their condition with others who cannot relate to it. It also gives them a support network.
Large dating sites like RSVP.com, Match.com, eHarmony and Yahoo Personals have the general market in online dating covered but Hannah Schwartz, general manager of RSVP.com, said niche sites were becoming increasingly popular.
"Niche sites cater to things like religion, sexual preference, ethnicity, lifestyle, hobbies, and dietary needs," Schwartz told Reuters.
NEW DELHI: India's largest private telecom company Bharti Airtel on Saturday pulled out of negotiation for acquiring an estimated 45-50 billion dollar MTN, saying the South African telecom entity deviated from agreed terms.
"An in-principle agreement was reached on 16th May and a term sheet was initialled between two lead bankers... MTN has now presented a completely different structure, from what was agreed," Bharti said in a statement.
The new structure envisaged Bharti Airtel becoming a subsidiary of MTN and exchange of majority shares of Indian company held by Sunil Mittal, promoter of Bharti, family and its foreign partner Singtel, in exchange for a controlling stake in MTN.
"Bharti believes that this convoluted way of getting an indirect control of the combined entity would have compromised the minority shareholders of Bharti Airtel and also would not capture the synergies of a combined entity," the company said.
Both (Bharti and MTN) had initiated talks about three weeks ago and talks were cordial through out this period and conducted in good faith.
Bharti also claimed that over a dozen internationally reputed bankers from the US and Europe of having pledged funds of over 60 billion dollars for the acquisition.
The reference point at which MTN shares were to be transacted was agreed and frozen at the point of starting the discussion and Bharti would like to confirm that there was no further discussion on the share price of MTN, at any point.
NEW DELHI, PTI: The famed top order crumbled but Dinesh Karthik's bravura unbeaten 56 and Manoj Tiwary's (36) gutsy cameo enabled Delhi Daredevils eke out a thrilling five-wicket win against Mumbai Indians to cling on to their semifinal hopes in the Indian Premier League on Saturday.
For once, the Daredevils middle order took the onus on itself to pull off an improbable win with Karthik being the architect of the victory that helped them stay afloat in the tournament.
Karthiks match-winning unbeaten 56 came off 32 balls and was studded with three sixes, besides four fours.
The shocking murder of 14-year-old Aarushi Talwar in Noida has all the ingredients of a classic whodunit.
In the week following her death, it seems, an entire nation – the police, the media, and even the neighbourhood where the Talwars reside, has become obsessed with solving the crime. Suggestions and plausible conspiracy theories and motives are pouring in from well-meaning and concerned citizens. And justifiably so. No one wants to have a killer lurking outside the window.Or worse still, in the confines of our 'respectable', 'safe' middle class homes.
Sadly, it is these very 'respectable' and quite 'ordinary' middle class homes that are breeding crime. Crimes of passion, frustration, envy, hate or honour. As the Senior Superintendent of Police (Noida) A Satheesh Ganesh stated in a media briefing: "In a flat where only four people live..., there are reasons for "extreme hatred or frustration. There is a possibility of honour killing." In Aarushi's case, the fact that suspicion is pointing its ugly finger towards the Talwars is a chilling reminder of this. It forces us to look beneath the veneer of respectability and filial bond and ask: Could the Talwars have really killed their daughter?
Maybe so. Difficult as it may be to believe, Dr Rakesh Talwar, the victim's father has apparently been arrested for the crime even as this story was being written. While authorities decipher the motive, the very fact that the question has been raised only shows that times have changed, and so have relationships.
Take the case of Mumbai-based TV producer Neeraj Grover who was brutally hacked to pieces just days after Aarushi's death. The reason: a three-way love story that turned macabre. The culprits: A girl called Maria Monica Susayraj, who had been dating Neeraj and her boyfriend, Lt Jerome Mathew. While both Maria and Mathew have been remanded to police custody we ask: What could have driven Maria and Mathew to take a life so mercilessly?
You may well ask: What's the big deal about these two incidents? After all, hasn't history been witness to similar crimes since biblical times? That may well be so but not in the guise of so-called middle class respectability. The fact that both the murders were committed in upwardly mobile urban homes makes you wonder where we are headed. The brutality with which both Aarushi and Grover were killed has brought out the ugly side of relationships in urban India. "It is unfortunate and heartrending to hear such stories and to know that it is becoming a reality in today's world. Change in lifestyle - change in culture, societal values, mindset, attitude all have their own characteristic role to play. Today with growing competition, changing priorities people seem to have been desensitized to softer aspects of life such as compassion, care, love, empathy which is why we see and hear of such horrific tales," says leading psychiatrist Dr. Sanjay Chugh, founder chairman of the International Institute of Mental Health.
"If at an individual level you have your fundamentals in place, your environment would have little power to affect you/influence you." What are these fundamentals? For one, tolerance. Tolerance to situations, to people, and to the world around us. Sadly, intolerance is a fallout of this 'I, me, myself' attitude, which is pushing us to perpetuate barbaric acts of violence on those close to us. Where is it all leading to? A society where it is so easy to walk away with murder. Scary.
We can continue debating on who or what really killed Aarushi, or Grover for that matter. We can dedicate more column space and prime time slots to the wonderful people that they were. But the fact of the matter is that they are gone. And nothing that you or I can at this point do or say that will bring them back. What we can do is take a deep, deep look within and ask: Are we really safe behind the four walls of our middle class homes and it's aspirations?
Fatally assaulted in life, and slandered in death. Fourteen-year-old Aarushi Talwar, the bright and popular student of DPS Noida, was allegedly caught in an "objectionable, not compromising" position with domestic help Hemraj — a situation that supposedly drove her father, Dr Rajesh Talwar, into killing both.
Amidst the garbled wordplay and assumptions (there is no evidence to support the allegations) lies a deeper issue. That of justifying a heinous crime — whether it's cops or lawyers — by casting aspersions on the character of a girl who can no longer defend herself. Says an outraged Madhu Kishwar, professor at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), "If the defamation laws were strong in the country, these people (the cops) would've been arrested." She also felt that a child, in the absence of a nurturing environment at home, could turn to the domestic help for familial warmth and attention.
Sudha Sundararaman, General Secretary at the All India Democratic Women's Association, believes the issue at stake is to find out the exact sequence of events on that fateful night. "The fact that Aarushi was in a relationship with Hemraj is merely speculative and cannot soften one's stance on the crime, whether committed in a fit of moral outrage or otherwise."
The slow buildup of the wayward character of the 14-year-old has been widely condemned by women's groups. Says Nandini Rao, joint co-ordinator at JAGORI, "The most vulnerable place to hit a girl is at her character." She adds that the details of Aarushi's friendship with a boy in her class (she made 688 calls to him) and her obvious popularity are an attempt "to make us believe that she deserved it. And by using terms like honour killing to describe cold-blooded murder, one is increasingly left feeling that she may have done something to justify it."
Kiran Walia, who heads the women and child committee of Delhi Assembly, stresses the importance of raising public consciousness. "If the public believes the allegations being tossed around, they won't come out and condemn the crime."
Women lawyers, too, came out strongly against Aarushi's character assassination. "It's preposterous! It is very unlikely that there would be an affair between the girl and the servant. This is a typical situation when a girl child or a woman is involved. Crimes of passion happen instantly, not with the surgical precision and with cold calculation as Rajesh Talwar allegedly did," says senior advocate Pinky Anand. She says that if indeed something like the police version happened, then the girl would be a victim and therefore saw no reason why the father would kill her too. "It doesn't fit into the sequence of things. If indeed the father is the killer, he must have consulted some lawyer and given such a statement because it is intended to make it look like a case of culpable homicide not amounting to murder," she added. However, Aarushi's mother, Dr Nupur Talwar, has dismissed the police story, saying she completely trusted Hemraj.
Noted criminal lawyer Kamini Jaiswal also voiced her outrage, calling the turn of events "disgusting." Adding that the case still had to be proved in a court of law for Rajesh Talwar to emerge as Aarushi's killer, Jaiswal saw attempts at erecting a legal defence in maligning the girl after her death. "The father, provided charges stick to him court, has to show it was a case of grave and sudden provocation. But facts don't support him. He has organized everything. If it was sudden he would have killed the girl and the servant instantly. Instead he waited and took his time planning and used a surgical knife."
Drawing an interesting parallel with the Jessica Lall case, advocate Shilpi Jain said this is a common strategy adopted by the accused. "Even in Jessica's case, the murderers tried to portray her as a woman of questionable character, but it didn't help their case. These aspects come to light during cross-examination. Legally there is no strong evidence against Rajesh Talwar because no recovery of weapons has been made yet. Also, the police can't show any chain of evidence, leave alone an unbroken one."
Whatever the legal loopholes the police may have to plug, the lawyers were unanimous that any decision by the court will have to be closely hewed to the facts of the case.
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Are we really safe behind the four walls of our middle class homes?


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visual of the Competition between the great schools. Fervet Opis In Campis, let the College flourish! !
Nice but you need to include 2014 and by the time you read this 2015!!!


1. Spring rolls: Korean Presbyterian Church's annual spring roll sale starts Thursday. The hours are 8 a.m. to 7 p.m. Thursday and Friday and 8 a.m. to noon Saturday, unless they run out before then. The church is at 1251 Ireland Drive. Spring rolls, 10 for $7, are sold with vials of spicy sweet sauce. For more information, call 323-2466.
2. "True to Yourself'': The Arts Council presents "True to Yourself,'' a Black History Month talk series with actor Boris Kodjoe of ABC's TV drama "Station 19'' and Netflix's "House of Cards.'' Kodjoe will discuss his life and career, and be available for questions during the talk, which is scheduled for 7 p.m. Feb. 23 at Seabrook Auditorium on the campus of Fayetteville State University. General admission tickets are $20. VIP tickets also are available. For more information call 910-323-1776 or go to theartscouncil.com/truetoyourself.
3. Haiti and the American Civil War: Fayetteville State University history professor Rob Taber will speak at 6 p.m. today on "Leaving Slavery: The Story of the Haitian Revolution and its Influence on the American Civil War.'' The free event is open to the public and scheduled for Room 242 at the Rudolph Jones Student Center on campus.
4. Movie Screening: The Headquarters Library, 300 Maiden Lane, will screen the movie "Loving" at 2 p.m. Sunday in the Pate Room. The 2016 movie tells the story of Richard and Mildred Loving, plaintiffs in the 1967 U.S. Supreme Court decision that invalidated state laws prohibiting interracial marriage. For more information, call 910-483-7727 or go to cumberland.lib.nc.us.