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Home » Houseplants » Venus Flytrap
Venus Flytrap Plant Care and Growing Guide
Venus Flytraps are carnivorous plants native to the East Coast in North America. These plants are extremely popular among gardeners and nature lovers.
Venus Flytraps are known for trapping insects inside their "flytraps." The plant uses its leaves to capture prey and then digests it using enzymes secreted by glands located at the base of the leaf.
The Venus flytrap is often reported to be difficult to grow indoors, but by understanding its specific needs, it can be successfully cultivated. They do require conditions that are different than other popular houseplants.
This guide will teach you how to care for the Venus Flytrap plant and how to grow it indoors.
1) Venus Flytrap Plant Overview
1.1) Venus Flytrap Varieties
2) Venus Flytrap Care Guide
2.1) Soil Requirements for the Venus Flytrap
2.2) Temperature for the Venus Flytrap
2.3) Light for the Venus Flytrap
2.4) Water and Humidity for the Venus Flytrap
2.5) Feeding the Venus Flytrap
2.6) Pruning and Repotting the Venus Flytrap
2.7) Propagating a Venus Flytrap
3) Venus Flytrap Common Pests, Diseases, and Problems
4) Venus Flytrap Toxicity and Pets
5) Venus Flytrap Plant Care Final Thoughts
6) Venus Flytrap Plant Care FAQs
6.1) Can a Venus Flytrap kill you?
6.2) Can a Venus Flytrap survive without bugs?
6.3) Do you have to feed each Venus Flytrap?
6.4) Why are Venus Flytraps so hard to keep alive?
6.5) Is it easy to take care of a Venus Flytrap?
6.6) Can I overfeed my Venus Flytrap?
6.7) How long can a Venus Flytrap live?
Venus Flytrap Plant Overview
The Venus Flytrap belongs to the Droseraceae family, the Dionaea muscipula, is indeed a unique creature within the plant world. Not only is it unique in appearance, but its feeding habits are also quite out of the ordinary.
The Venus flytrap eats flies and other garden insects. They grow better outdoors where there's an abundance of insect snacks for them. When growing indoors, you may need to catch insects yourself to feed them.
The Venus flytrap is native to the North Carolina and South Carolina coasts. That's the only areas where the Venus flytrap will grow naturally. Environmental destruction has placed its survival at risk though, and it is thought to already be extinct in several native areas.
While some horticulturalists have attempted to cultivate the plant in new areas, this is not a recommended practice as it may upset already established ecological bio-systems.
This plant is characterized by its "flytrap" which is actually a leaf. They grow as many as eight of these traps. Most varieties of the plant will grow to only one to two inches tall and wide. While it is not the only plant with a modified leaf, it is singled out for its carnivorous nature.
This leaf features two lobes that resemble lips united by a natural "hinge". Inside the lobes, nectar is produced that acts as bait to attract insects to visit. When an insect enters, it will inevitably touch the trigger hairs that will spring the trap shut.
The visiting, unsuspecting insect will remain trapped within a prison-like cage formed by the leaf with its interlocking teeth. As the insect struggles to free itself, the trap will seal itself, and enzymes used in digestion will attack and dissolve the trapped insect's soft tissue.
Depending on the insect, it will be digested in four to ten days. The plant will absorb the liquid nutrients from the insect, leaving its carcass to attract other insects when it reopens its jaws.
Venus Flytraps will also flower once a year with beautiful white petals. But these Venus Flytrap Flowers will use energy to bloom, rather than to grow the plant and traps themselves. More on this below.
Venus Flytrap Varieties
The Venus flytrap's botanical name is the Dionaea muscipula. The name of the genus Dionaea means "daughter of Dione," in reference to the Greek goddess Aphrodite.
The name of the species "muscipula" translates to mousetrap in Latin. "Venus" refers to the Roman goddess of love that was associated with gardens and cultivated fields as well as beauty, love, desire, prosperity, sex, and fertility.
There is only a single species of this plant. But many cultivars have developed and they boast quite original names such as:
Dionaea "DC All Red" – Many cultivars are distinguished primarily due to color. Some will be completely green, others will be partially green, and still, others will have some purple, red, or yellow. The "DC All Red" is in fact, completely red.
Dionaea "Flaming Lips" – A Venus flytrap with bright orange traps.
Dionaea "Ginormous" – This is perhaps the largest of Venus Flytraps with the plant's traps measuring a generous 2.25 inches across its opening.
Dionaea "Justina Davis" – An entirely green variety of the Venus flytrap
Dionaea "Petite Dragon" – As its name indicates, it is one of the tiniest Venus Flytraps with the actual trap measuring no more than one-half-inch across.
Dionaea "Purple Haze" – due to its traps having a deep purple color.
Read about about the Red Variety of Venus Flytraps.
Venus Flytrap Care Guide
Most home gardeners will cultivate their Venus in a container inside their home as opposed to cultivating it outdoors in a garden. It does, however, have specific needs that tie into the plant's natural habitat.
In the wild, Venus flytraps grow naturally in "bogs". A bog habitat will be sunny with soil that is poor in nutrition, but acidic and wet. Even though bog soil doesn't have much in the way of nutrients, these plants still get their nutrients, from their insect prey.
Soil Requirements for the Venus Flytrap
Venus prefers more acidic soil than most common houseplants. These plants should not be grown in regular potting soil or garden soil.
By using peat moss in equal measure with horticultural sand, the soil bed should be adequately acidic.
Other mix alternatives include one part of perlite to two parts peat moss, an equal blend of perlite and peat moss, or long-fiber sphagnum that is of high quality.
Learn more about the Best Venus Flytrap Soil.
Temperature for the Venus Flytrap
The Venus flytrap enjoys temperatures from 70° to 95° F as an outdoor plant and they do great in the summer heat. Average indoor temperatures are good for these plants.
Ideal temperatures during the 3-4 months of winter dormancy will range from 35° to 50° Fahrenheit. If they're planted outdoors as a potted plant, they are able to survive temperatures as low as 20° F during the winter months, but not for longer than a couple days. Cover them up to protect them from freezing.
Light for the Venus Flytrap
Ideally, Venus should be located in a window or spot where it will receive approximately twelve hours of daily bright, indirect light. Direct sunlight for 4-6 hours a day is good for it.
The Flytrap will go dormant in the fall when there are shorter daylight hours. It may lose its leaves and appear as if it is dying, but it's not. It continues to live underneath the soil thanks to its rhizomes.
There's no need to supplement the light with artificial light. Its normal environment with reduced sunlight should be maintained.
If you grow the plant outdoors, it will require four or more hours of sunlight that is direct, and two to four hours of indirect sunlight.
Learn more in this in-depth guide to Light for Your Venus Flytrap.
Water and Humidity for the Venus Flytrap
This plant will want more water than the other container plants in your home garden. It should be given rainwater as opposed to tap water. Tap water may contain chlorine, fluoride or other minerals, depending on where you live.
If possible, set up a good-sized container outdoors such as a rain barrel to collect rainwater for this plant. If this is not possible, distilled water can be used. The Venus flytrap will not appreciate water with salts, chlorine, or minerals.
As a bog plant, the soil should remain medium moist to wet. The soil bed should not be allowed to dry out. One sure way to water correctly is to set the plant in a saucer of water for several hours every few days. During its winter dormancy period, beginning in autumn, watering should be reduced.
Check out the more in-depth article on How to Water a Venus Flytrap.
Venus Flytraps can be grown indoors in open terrariums which will assist with humidity. Humidity should not be high, but just over 50%. They should never be cultivated in closed terrariums, as rot may develop.
Terrariums should never be used outdoors because the glass will amplify the strength of the sunlight potentially burning leaves.
Feeding the Venus Flytrap
Fertilizing the Venus fly trap plant will be counterproductive, so it is advisable to avoid using a fertilizer with this plant. It will most likely kill the plant. You will, however, still need to feed your Venus flytrap. One to two bugs a month for each trap should meet the dietary needs of your Venus.
Some insects will be caught directly by the plant, but it may not catch enough when indoors. You will want to catch and feed it flies, gnats, and mosquitoes that are preferably still alive.
Once you have caught the insect, it can be placed inside its trap with a pair of terrarium tweezers. When you insert the insect into the trap, be sure to touch a trigger hair inside, so that the jaws of the plant close.
You should keep an ongoing list of the plant's traps and when you feed them. Each trap can open and close its trap a number of times in its life, before it dies and then falls off.
There's no need to feed the plant during the dormancy period.
Learn about the Best Food Options for Venus Flytraps.
Pruning and Repotting the Venus Flytrap
If you do not intend to propagate your Venus Flytrap with seeds, you should remove the flower when the plant begins to bloom. That will allow for stronger, larger traps to grow.
Flowering will create seed production and divert energy that the plant can otherwise use. The Venus flytrap is not known or cultivated for floral beauty, but rather for its carnivorous nature.
Repotting the Venus flytrap every 1-2 years into a pot that's one size larger will allow it to continue growing healthily. The best conditions to repot is in the early spring.
Related article: How Big Venus Flytraps Get
Propagating a Venus Flytrap
Propagation of the Venus flytrap can be done through seeding, which is not always successful, or by division in the springtime.
Related article: Growing a Venus Flytrap From Seed
Venus Flytrap Common Pests, Diseases, and Problems
While bugs will suffer more than the Venus flytrap, it is nonetheless subject to problems from aphids and fungus gnats. As these pests are much too small for the plant to eat, they can bother your plant.
In the fall, the Venus flytrap will slowly enter its dormant period. Leaves will most likely turn black and die. When some traps remain open and are unable to close, you will know that your plant is entering its dormant period. This period will last anywhere from three to four months.
Related guide: Venus Flytrap Dormancy
Remember that the plant is not dead. Dropping temperatures and shorter days will trigger dormancy. The plant can be placed in a cool, unheated spot during this period, such as a basement or garage. It will not require much light but can be near a window.
When temperatures lift into the 50s, cut off any dead leaves and move the Venus flytrap to a sunny location.
Venus Flytrap Toxicity and Pets
The Venus Flytrap is not toxic to pets, or people. It can be grown without problems in a family with children, cats or dogs.
The jaws of the plant are not strong enough to harm humans, but still not a good idea to place your finger in the trap. Not because it will harm you, but rather because you will be depleting the plant's energy. Energy that's needed for its primary activity of catching insects.
Related guide: Venus Flytrap Toxicity
Venus Flytrap Plant Care Final Thoughts
In their native habitat, these plants can grow to be quite old. Unfortunately, when cultivated, they are often short-lived, because they are not cared for correctly. With tender loving care, your Venus Flytrap will be a unique addition to your home garden.
Large Sized B52 Giant Venus Flytrap - Fly Trap - (Dionaea Muscipula)...
Other houseplants that are popular to grow indoors:
Signs of an Unhealthy Venus Flytrap
Venus Flytraps and Mealworms
Pitcher Plant Care Guide (Carnivorous)
Philodendron Plant Care Guide
Prayer Plant Care Guide
Angel Wing Begonia Care Guide
Venus Flytrap Plant Care FAQs
Can a Venus Flytrap kill you?
No, a Venus Flytrap can't kill you as it's not poisonous and its "teeth" are not sharp. They only have two sets of lips on each side of their mouth with filaments that look like the "teeth." These lips are used to capture prey. If an insect gets caught between them, then the Venus Flytrap closes around the bug and kills it.
Can a Venus Flytrap survive without bugs?
No, a Venus Flytrap needs bugs to live. Without bugs, there would be no food source for the plant. Bugs provide nutrients to the plant so that it can thrive. If you are growing the bug-eating plant indoors, you may need to catch insects yourself to feed the plant.
Do you have to feed each Venus Flytrap?
Yes, you have to feed insects to the Venus Flytrap if you want healthy growth. You should water the soil regularly and feed it insects if it's not catching enough insects itself.
Why are Venus Flytraps so hard to keep alive?
Venus Flytraps are hard to keep alive mostly due to improper watering and feeding habits. Most people don't realize how important proper nutrition is to keeping a Venus Flytrap alive. A well-fed plant will produce many new traps every year.
Is it easy to take care of a Venus Flytrap?
How easy it is to take care of a Venus Flytrap depends on what kind of environment you're going to grow it in. Some types of environments make it easier than others. Venus Flytrap plants do better outdoors because of more sunlight and insects to feed on.
Can I overfeed my Venus Flytrap?
Don't worry, you can't overfeed the Venus Flytrap. The more insects you feed it, the stronger it'll grow. If you want to have vigorous growth, make sure to also give it regular waterings and sunlight.
How long can a Venus Flytrap live?
The Venus Flytrap can live for up to 30 years if properly maintained. If left alone, it may only live 10–15 years. The traps on the plant don't survive too long as they will die after opening and closing a few times. The dead traps will fall off and be replaced by a new trap.
Amy Walsh
I love to grow houseplants and herbs at home! Growing plants has always been a hobby of mine, but it turned into an obsession when I moved out on my own. My apartment is now full of shelves of various plants and stacks of pots waiting for new life. It's not uncommon to find me checking out the latest indoor plant trends online.


And with Page 10 of Winter Fantasy, our vignette comes to a close. It becomes clear here that it was Blaise's imagination that turned his window doodles into a musical fantasy drawn in frost for all of us to share with him. Next week, we begin Chapter 7 – take a peek at the cover page by voting for us on Top Web Comics for a glimpse of what is still to come.
Since we prepare our updates on the night before an update day, we will not be updating this Friday so that our staff can enjoy America's Independence Day. We hope you enjoy July 4th, whether you're celebrating the same holiday or not, and we'll see you here next week!
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Q: making self-modifying code easier I made a self modifying code that runs on python 2.7 and the code is a bit big and I was wondering if there was a way to make the code a bit easier, I've thought about it and I didn't find any answer... I would really appreciate if someone could give me a hand, but anyway, here's the code
import sys
x = ['num = 0\n', 'from threading import *\n', 'import sys\n', 'def change(b, line=1):\n', '\tline -= 1\n', '\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n', '\tg = f.readlines()\n', '\tlines = []\n', '\tfor i in g:\n', '\t\tlines.append(i)\n', '\tlines[line] = b+"\\n"\n', "\tf = open(sys.argv[0], 'w')\n", '\tfor each in lines:\n', '\t\tf.write(each)\n', '\tf.close()\n', '\t\n', 'def addline(b):\n', '\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n', '\tg = f.readlines()\n', '\tlines = []\n', '\tfor i in g:\n', '\t\tlines.append(i)\n', '\tlines.append("\\n"+b)\n', "\tf = open(sys.argv[0], 'w')\n", '\tfor each in lines:\n', '\t\tf.write(each)\n', '\tf.close()\n', '\t\n', 'def delline(b = 10):\n', '\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n', '\tg = f.readlines()\n', '\tlines = []\n', '\tfor i in g:\n', '\t\tlines.append(i)\n', '\tleng = len(lines) - b\n', '\tlines = lines[:leng]\n', "\tf = open(sys.argv[0], 'w')\n", '\tfor each in lines:\n', '\t\tf.write(each)\n', '\tf.close()\n', '\t\t\n', 'def showfile():\n', '\tcheck = num\n', '\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n', '\tg = f.readlines()\n', '\twhile num != check + 1:\n', '\t\tfor i in g:\n', '\t\t\tprint i\n', '\t\n', '\t\n', 'if num == 0:\n', '\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n', '\tf = open("values.py", \'w\')\n', '\twriter = [\'linestowrite1 = [\\\'import os\\\\n\\\', \\\'from time import *\\\\n\\\',\\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("hello...")\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(2)\\\\n\\\', \\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("I am a program that is able to evolve by itself")\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(4)\\\\n\\\', \\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("everytime someone opens me, I evolve")\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(2)\\\\n\\\', \\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\',\\\'change("num = 2")\\\\n\\\' \\\'raw_input("press ENTER to exit")\\\\n\\\']\\n\', \'linestowrite2 = [\\\'from time import *\\\\n\\\', \\\'f = open(sys.argv[0])\\\\n\\\', \\\'g = f.readlines()\\\\n\\\', \\\'leng = len(g)\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(1)\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("CURRENT LENGTH : "+str(leng))\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(2)\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("Extending length to : "+str(leng+20))\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(3)\\\\n\\\', \\\'change("num = 5")\\\\n\\\', \\\'\\\\t\\\']\']\n', '\tfor i in writer:\n', '\t\tf.write(i)\n', '\tf.close()\n', '\timport values\n', '\ttowrite = values.linestowrite1\n', '\tfor i in towrite:\n', '\t\taddline(i)\n', '\tchange("num = 1")\n', '\tnum += 1\n', 'elif num == 2:\n', '\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n', '\tdelline(26)\n', '\tchange("num = 3")\n', '\tnum += 1\n', '\thorse69\n', 'elif num == 3:\n', '\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n', '\timport values\n', '\ttowrite = values.linestowrite2\n', '\tfor i in towrite:\n', '\t\taddline(i)\n', '\tchange("num = 4")\n', '\tnum += 1\n', 'elif num == 5:\n', '\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n', '\tdelline(21)\n', '\tchange("num = 6")\n', '\tnum += 1\n', '\thorse69\n', 'elif num == 6:\n', '\tprint("EVOLUTION COMPLETE")\n', '\traw_input()\n']
f = open(sys.argv[0], 'w')
for i in x:
    f.write(i)
f.close()

thank you in advance

A: There's no need for a list, just use a string:
import sys

newcode = 'num = 0\nfrom threading import *\nimport sys\ndef change(b, line=1):\n\tline -= 1\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n\tg = f.readlines()\n\tlines = []\n\tfor i in g:\n\t\tlines.append(i)\n\tlines[line] = b+"\\n"\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0], \'w\')\n\tfor each in lines:\n\t\tf.write(each)\n\tf.close()\n\t\ndef addline(b):\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n\tg = f.readlines()\n\tlines = []\n\tfor i in g:\n\t\tlines.append(i)\n\tlines.append("\\n"+b)\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0], \'w\')\n\tfor each in lines:\n\t\tf.write(each)\n\tf.close()\n\t\ndef delline(b = 10):\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n\tg = f.readlines()\n\tlines = []\n\tfor i in g:\n\t\tlines.append(i)\n\tleng = len(lines) - b\n\tlines = lines[:leng]\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0], \'w\')\n\tfor each in lines:\n\t\tf.write(each)\n\tf.close()\n\t\t\ndef showfile():\n\tcheck = num\n\tf = open(sys.argv[0])\n\tg = f.readlines()\n\twhile num != check + 1:\n\t\tfor i in g:\n\t\t\tprint i\n\t\n\t\nif num == 0:\n\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n\tf = open("values.py", \'w\')\n\twriter = [\'linestowrite1 = [\\\'import os\\\\n\\\', \\\'from time import *\\\\n\\\',\\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("hello...")\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(2)\\\\n\\\', \\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("I am a program that is able to evolve by itself")\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(4)\\\\n\\\', \\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("everytime someone opens me, I evolve")\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(2)\\\\n\\\', \\\'os.system("cls")\\\\n\\\',\\\'change("num = 2")\\\\n\\\' \\\'raw_input("press ENTER to exit")\\\\n\\\']\\n\', \'linestowrite2 = [\\\'from time import *\\\\n\\\', \\\'f = open(sys.argv[0])\\\\n\\\', \\\'g = f.readlines()\\\\n\\\', \\\'leng = len(g)\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(1)\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("CURRENT LENGTH : "+str(leng))\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(2)\\\\n\\\', \\\'print("Extending length to : "+str(leng+20))\\\\n\\\', \\\'sleep(3)\\\\n\\\', \\\'change("num = 5")\\\\n\\\', \\\'\\\\t\\\']\']\n\tfor i in writer:\n\t\tf.write(i)\n\tf.close()\n\timport values\n\ttowrite = values.linestowrite1\n\tfor i in towrite:\n\t\taddline(i)\n\tchange("num = 1")\n\tnum += 1\nelif num == 2:\n\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n\tdelline(26)\n\tchange("num = 3")\n\tnum += 1\n\thorse69\nelif num == 3:\n\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n\timport values\n\ttowrite = values.linestowrite2\n\tfor i in towrite:\n\t\taddline(i)\n\tchange("num = 4")\n\tnum += 1\nelif num == 5:\n\tThread(target=showfile).start()\n\tdelline(21)\n\tchange("num = 6")\n\tnum += 1\n\thorse69\nelif num == 6:\n\tprint("EVOLUTION COMPLETE")\n\traw_input()\n'

with open(sys.argv[0], 'w') as f:
    f.write(newcode)

Applying the same principle to the inner code might help make it shorter.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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World - Drought Has Kenyans Running on Empty | Kenya - African Current Events
IRIN
Mandera, Kenya
Several hundred thousand people in northeastern Kenya are just a step away from famine and the next rains expected in September/October will not be sufficient to replenish the water table, warns a senior weather official.
Mohamed Ibrahim, the headmaster of Gither village public boarding school for pastoralist children, rushed to the UN vehicle - it is the first he has seen in many months. "I just heard you were here, I have only a few days of water and food left to feed the children. Can you help us?
"Our school has the capacity to house only 240 children but I have 150 more children - their parents just dumped the children at the school and left for Ethiopia in search of pasture."
Ibrahim said he had been rationing water. "I give each child three liters of water every two days - the water is for bathing, washing and drinking. I know it sounds terrible, but that is how it is."
UN guidelines recommend at least 20 to 50 liters of water per person per day.
Ibrahim explains he has had to share the school's water rations with the villagers. Gither in Mandera West district last received a day's rainfall in October 2010.
"There have been occasions when they had no water to clean mothers after delivery," Ibrahim said.
The school in the neighboring village, Dandu, has already run out of food and water. Yakub Malim Ali, the assistant chief, said, "Everyone is sharing their relief food from the village."
A drop of tea
Across Mandera and Wajir - two of the districts identified by the UN, with other parts of the Horn of Africa, as just one step away from famine on a five-point scale - villagers live on sweet tea for most of the month, if and when they have water. The relief food lasts on average 10 days. Desperate mothers say their children had their last solid meal weeks ago.
Water and food supplies are erratic because vehicles constantly break down or get stuck on the dirt tracks that link the villages to the towns in the two underdeveloped districts.
Villagers have to pay to fuel the government-hired trucks to bring in the water. "We don't know for how long people will be able to sustain the payments for the fuel - but it cannot go on for the next three months," said a desperate villager in Gither. He appealed to the visiting members of Oxfam and Vétérinaires Sans Frontières-Suisse (VSF-Suisse) to dig a borehole.
But the NGOs point out that digging a borehole is a long process, which could take well over three months, while the people needed water urgently. Trucking water is the only viable option.
A village of 80 households, Bolowle in Mandera West, came up with a plan: they ran a destocking program, collecting about KSh100 (US$1.10) for the slaughter of each animal, to buy water.
"We collected Ksh6,600 [$73]. We use the money from these savings to pay for the fuel," Ahmad Abdi, an elder, said. They charge KSh10 per 20 liters of the water. "This is also used towards paying for the fuel.
"If we don't have any water all my people will die; we don't have enough food as it is," said Abdi. The village gets relief food once in 70 days, he said. They have received aid only twice since the rains failed again in March/April.
Women sell wild fruit and goat's milk in the market to bring home the only money the families have seen in the past three months. "We will run out of our savings soon as well - we still have three more months to go before the end of the dry season," Abdi said.
Bleak outlook
But the situation could deteriorate further. Peter Ambenje, deputy head of the Meteorological Department, said: "People have this misconception that if it rains in September-October, the situation could improve. This is not the case.
"The rain we receive during that period is very little. Many of the drought-affected areas are dealing with three or even four failed seasons - we will need at least three good rainy seasons to revive the pastureland and replenish the water sources."
But for pastoralists in Wajir and Mandera, who in some instances have not seen good rains since 2009, even a day's rain has the power to change their world. "As soon as people hear from the networks [mobile phones] that it has rained somewhere, they can travel hundreds of kilometers to seek the water and the revived pasture," said Abdi.
When his village had a day's rain, "it was like the whole world descended on us - they came and finished the pasture and the water within days".
Lack of resources
District officials admit they do not have the resources to provide free water. "Our finances only cover the costs of maintenance - you have seen the state of the roads," says Jacob Matipei, district commissioner for Mandera West. They are considering boreholes in the long term; he has only two water tankers catering for the entire district with several hundred thousand people.
Thomas Bett, district officer for Wajir East, talks of using solar and wind power to draw water for irrigation. "Lots of people have dropped out of pastoralism for good and there is nothing else for them to do in the settlements in the desert," he said. "If we had some water - we could perhaps set up small community gardens for them to grow vegetables or some staples to feed themselves."
There is surprisingly little evidence of long-term interventions, despite past droughts. There are a few pilot schemes to subsidize fuel to draw water from boreholes in Wajir and a few wind and solar energy pilot programs to generate power for irrigation.
Officials admit the districts are underdeveloped. "The cost of building roads alone is billions - we don't have the resources," Matipei said.
But Abiba Ebrahim from Gither village wonders if there is a "will to help - is someone going to help us? Ramadan starts soon [1 August] maybe we can manage without food but not without water."
jk/mw
- Provided by Integrated Regional Information Networks.
World - Drought Has Kenyans Running on Empty | Global Viewpoint

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Regularly scheduled cleanings and checkups are key components of maintaining a heathy smile. Your dental care team can help you avoid dental problems that can lead to tooth loss, decay or costly restorative procedures, with some general dental care such as routine exams.
Many times, such problems aren't evident until they literally surface, or are caught by your dentist during an exam. That's why it's so important to see us regularly. Twice a year is a good rule of thumb, though it's really based more on your overall dental health, so we'll discuss a schedule suited to you after your first visit.
Brushing and flossing are an important part of maintaining a healthy smile, but they alone can't take care of plaque build-up on your teeth. Ultrasonic cleaning and scaling by your dental care team at Avalon Dental is just the ticket to keep those pearly whites glistening.
At Avalon Dental Group, we pledge to adhere to on-time scheduling. That means that you'll be seen at the time you're scheduled to be seen, and get the service you came for promptly. We don't want your busy schedule to get in the way of a healthy mouth.
During your office visit with Dr. Yu, he will conduct a comprehensive dental exam to determine your overall dental health. He will discuss the results of the exam with you and make recommendations for continued care and improvement.
In conjunction with an in-home regimen of regular brushing and flossing, you and your dental care team at Avalon Dental Group can not only promote healthy teeth and gums but identify potential signs of disease such as diabetes and oral cancer.
We'll show you at-home treatment options available to you that will supplement the work we'll do here at the office. Your cleanings and checkups are a proactive measure to head off more expensive and potentially more serious conditions. As such, these services are usually fully covered under most insurance plans.
Contact our office today to schedule your checkup and/or cleaning for you or a member of your family.


Recently, the Lord has put on my heart to use Facebook Live to glorify Him by helping women grow in their relationship with Him and live on mission. So, here's a couple videos from this past week.
I hope I get to chat with you live sometime! Like Missional Women on Facebook so you'll (hopefully) see the video in your newsfeed. And then when I'm live, I would love to hear from you!
Laura, the founder of Missional Women is married and has six kids, two of whom are adopted. Laura and her husband have been missionaries since 2001 serving with Master Plan Ministries where she is the Women's Development Coordinator. Laura has authored 5 books, including an award winning 12 week Bible Study on First Samuel, Beholding Him, Becoming Missional, Reach; How to Use Your Social Media Influence for the Glory of God, A Devotional Journey through Judges, and Discover God's Calling for Your Life. Most recently her resource for Bible studies, The Connect Cards was released by Cru Press. You can find her on facebook, twitter, pinterest, youtube, instagram, periscope, blab and her author site.
Thanks for your faithfulness here!


text:
Q: Copy a page created in sharepoint designer to another server where there is no designer i have a custom list in my sharepoint 2010 site.
Done some customization such as adding parameters and a filter.
Now my problem is that I have to use this customized list in another server where there is no designer.How can this be achieved.Please help me in this,thanks

A: Install SharePoint Designer on your machine and access any site that you have permissions for. SPD does not live on a server.
Re the list: in the list settings click "Save list as template", then in the Site Collection go to the Site Actions > Site Settings > Solutions. Download the solution file. Browse to the other server's site, upload to that site collection's solution gallery and activate the solution. Now you can create a list from that list template on the other server's sites.


text:
Q: No type or protocol named 'FlutterPluginRegistrar' Flutter issues on ios
In XCode, Some library (SharedPreferences, Apple Sign-In) is showing errors:
No type or protocol named 'FlutterPluginRegistrar'
I already tried with: flutter clean, pod update, I cleaned pub-cache and reinstalled all the libraries, the only thing I did not do is delete the pod folder of the ios project (I did it once and then I could not recover the project)

** BUILD FAILED **

Xcode's output:
↳
  Command CompileSwift failed with a nonzero exit code
  Command CompileSwift failed with a nonzero exit code
  In file included from
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.m:5
  :
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.h:7
  :51: error: no type or protocol named 'FlutterPlugin'
  @interface FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin : NSObject <FlutterPlugin>
                                                    ^
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.m:1
  1:41: error: no type or protocol named 'FlutterPluginRegistrar'
  + (void)registerWithRegistrar:(NSObject<FlutterPluginRegistrar> *)registrar {
                                          ^
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.m:1
  2:3: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FlutterMethodChannel'
    FlutterMethodChannel *channel = [FlutterMethodChannel methodChannelWithName:CHANNEL_NAME
    ^
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.m:1
  2:25: error: use of undeclared identifier 'channel'
    FlutterMethodChannel *channel = [FlutterMethodChannel methodChannelWithName:CHANNEL_NAME
                          ^
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.m:1
  2:36: error: use of undeclared identifier 'FlutterMethodChannel'
    FlutterMethodChannel *channel = [FlutterMethodChannel methodChannelWithName:CHANNEL_NAME
                                     ^
  /Users/zippyttech/flutter/.pub-cache/hosted/pub.dartlang.org/shared_preferences-0.5.10/ios/Classes/FLTSharedPreferencesPlugin.m:1
  4:4: error: use of undeclared identifier 'channel'
    [channel setMethodCallHandler:^(FlutterMethodCall *call, FlutterResult result) {
     ^
  6 errors generated.
  note: Using new build system
  note: Building targets in parallel
  note: Planning build
  note: Constructing build description

Encountered error while building for device.```

Flutter Version: Flutter 1.20.3 • channel stable • https://github.com/flutter/flutter.git
Framework • revision 216dee60c0 (10 days ago) • 2020-09-01 12:24:47 -0700
Engine • revision d1bc06f032
Tools • Dart 2.9.2

apple_sign_in: ^0.1.0

shared_preferences: ^0.5.10

A: I've struggled with this for some time, and I've found that eleomilagrosa's solution from here works:
I found out that the ios/Flutter/Flutter.framework got corrupted the files were all empty or blank.

to fix it,just copy existing ios/Flutter/Flutter.framework from other working Flutter projects you have.
then overwrite the corrupted ios/Flutter/Flutter.framework then build again

Reason:
Flutter.framework got corrupted.

How to identify if your Flutter.framework got corrupted?

open ios/Flutter/Flutter.framework/Headers/Flutter.h if this file is empty or blank.

A: for the iOS side, you can also try to change the iOS bundle identifier,

Then it will compile from Zero.


text:
Q: Although hash values are different, still why are my objects stored in the same location? I have a Movie class and I override only hashCode() method.  Please find below the java class
public class Movie {

private String actor;
private String name;
private String releaseYr;

public String getActor() {
    return actor;
}

public void setActor(String actor) {
    this.actor = actor;
}

public String getName() {
    return name;
}

public void setName(String name) {
    this.name = name;
}

public String getReleaseYr() {
    return releaseYr;
}

public void setReleaseYr(String releaseYr) {
    this.releaseYr = releaseYr;
}
@Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return actor.hashCode() + name.hashCode() + releaseYr.hashCode();
    }

}

I have created two Movie objects and both the object's all the property values are same and put them in a HashMap. Below is the code
import java.util.HashMap;

public class Test {

public static void main(String[] args) {

    Movie m1 = new Movie();
    m1.setActor("Akshay");
    m1.setName("Taskvir");
    m1.setReleaseYr("2010");

    Movie m2 = new Movie();
    m2.setActor("Akshay");
    m2.setName("Taskvir");
    m2.setReleaseYr("2010");

    HashMap<Movie, String> map = new HashMap<Movie, String>();

    map.put(m1, "Value of m1");
    map.put(m2, "Value of m2");

}

}

I am getting the expected result. As I override only hashCode() method and both the object's hash values are same, so they are stored in the same index location of HashMap table array. Below is the expected result in debugging mode.

But if I do not override the hashCode() method but override the equals() method they are stored in the same index location of HashMap table array. Although I can see the hash values are different. Below is my equals method
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {

    Movie m1 = (Movie) obj;
    boolean result = false;

    if (m1.getActor().equals(this.actor) && m1.getName().equals(this.name)
            && m1.getReleaseYr().equals(this.releaseYr)) {
        result = true;
    }

    return result;
}

The output in debugging mode

If I do not override the equals and hashCode methods then also I am getting same unexpected result.
As per my understanding, if I do not override equals and hashCode methods or only override the equals method then m1 and m2 objects should stored in the different location as hash values are different for m1 and m2 objects. But in this case it is not happening.
Can some one please explain me why with different hash values, my objects stored in the same location?
I have used Java 8.

A: Hash codes have a huge range, from Integer.MIN_VALUE to Integer.MAX_VALUE, while a HashMap usually has much fewer buckets (by default, 16 for a newly instantiated HashMap, at least with OpenJDK 11). Thus, it's entirely possible, even expected, that hash codes will collide, and multiple objects will be added to the same bucket. However, note that if you're not overriding hashCode() this behavior is completely incidental, and can't be relied upon.

A: No matter how the hash code is computed, by your method or by the default from the Object class, different objects can get mapped to the same hashmap bucket (array index). The hash code is divided by the array size, and the remainder gives the bucket number.
Both of your hash codes produced by Object.hashCode() (31622540 and 27844196) happen to produce the identical remainder 4 when divided by 16 (the initial HashMap array size).
So, with 4 billion different hash codes available, some of them must end up in the same bucket, as it would be a waste of memory to allocate a 4-billion-elements array for every hash map.
To make the hash map work as expected, it's important that objects that are equal give the same hash code.
If you override only the equals() method, the Object.hashCode() doesn't fulfill that requirement, and you have to override hashCode() as well - otherwise the get() method won't find the objects you stored in the map.
If you want two movies to be equals() if their fields are equal, you should supply an appropriate hashCode() method as well the way you did.
Let's have a look at the possible overriding combinations.
Override nothing
Both movies are different, end up as different hash map entries, maybe in the same, maybe in different buckets.
Only override hashCode()
Both movies are different, end up as different hash map entries in the same bucket. It's nonsense to invent your own hashCode() implementation if you still use the Object definition of equality.
Override both hashCode() and equals()
Both movies are equal, end up as only one hash map entry, with the later-stored value winning. This happens because the second put() finds an entry with an equal key under the hash code's bucket, and simply replaces its value part.
Only override equals()
BIG MISTAKE! Both movies are equal, but this isn't reflected by the hashCode() computation, so it's just a matter of good luck whether the search for an existing value looks into the correct bucket.


These six acres have come together over our 40 year stewardship to accommodate the Woodman's Hut, Duck's Nest, Lambing Bothy, the Lazy Duck Hut Hostel, Camping Ground, the original cottage and main house. There never was a master plan. Rather we followed a simple organic progression employing a keen eye and ear ever open to the hopes and needs of our guests. Thanks to the many local and international folk who have helped and encouraged us along the way. We aim to live gently on this ground and invite you to join us.
If you stay here in this woodland clearing you might notice that, over the years, a further eighty or more younger trees, alder, birch, rowan, cherry, larch, crab apple, apple, plum and aspen have been planted. We take great care with recycling, composting, with the cleaning products we use and supply to guests, with the lighting and heating methods that we choose and have adopted other practices aimed at minimising our footprint in the environment, striving towards a sustainable future. We also play a small part in helping to preserve two rare breeds native to these islands. Our forebears who settled and part cultivated this ground over one hundred years ago, the traveller folk MacDonalds and later the craftsmen builders McGillivray we hope would approve.
Many of the waterfowl you will linger by on the pond are direct descendants of those we brought here first in 1995, including the Aylesbury 'early domestic breed'. We care for three acres of the seventy acre 'ancient pine forest' surrounding us to the north. Here also is a small flock of Soay 'rare breed' sheep, originating on the St Kilda archipelago forty miles west of the Isle of Harris, in the Atlantic Ocean. These goat like sheep now graze the field where Scots pines once stretched almost to the cottage gate.
L. Duck's visitors come to celebrate anniversaries, make romantic, life changing proposals, to spend very simple yet special time together. They also include random batches of winter freelance instructors, skiers and snowboarders, mountain bikers most of the year, bird watchers any time, path builders, ecologists, family groups and small activity gatherings from all over the UK and beyond. Just a few admit to having happily resolved the challenge being on the margins of their comfort zone. We are happy for them. Some are also artists and musicians, environmentalists and fair traders and we love that which they bring.
The Woodman's Hut we built for twosomes in 2011, The Duck's Nest, wood-fired hot tub and sauna in 2013. The Lambing Bothy and Well Being Studio, hosting various holistic therapies, were created in 2016. Then, finally emerged The Lookout, a Volunteer Helper all year round hut for two. Since 2004 Lazy Duck has hosted over one hundred international Volunteer Helpers. These enterprising folk from every continent, have the opportunity to make a real contribution, to achieve some smallholding, environmental and hospitality skills as well as substantial personal growth.
At the Lazy Duck there is space for elemental living, personal reflection and a 'recharging of batteries'. Since 1974 we have had the idea that this place is one to be shared with others four seasons round. This is how we have chosen to do it.


text:
Home » Entertainment » Taylor Swift and Ryan Reynolds give us the 'match made in hell' 2020 deserves
Taylor Swift and Ryan Reynolds give us the 'match made in hell' 2020 deserves
Ryan Reynolds just made a big funny, with a little help from Taylor Swift and a lot of help from the absolutely hellish year we are living in.
The "Deadpool" star's company Maximum Effort has produced an ad for the dating site Match.com featuring Swift's rerecorded version of her 2008 hit "Love Story." "A match made in hell is still a @match," as Reynolds put it.
The spot stars a woman whose username is "Two-Zero-Two-Zero" and a guy whose name is, well, Satan.
It's 11 months ago. The big red guy and his massive horns are beyond bored as he lords over a fiery hell, until his phone buzzes with a notification from the dating app. "You're a match!," it reads. "The feelings are mutual, so what are you waiting for?"
Bingo! The meet is on.
"Satan?," the woman says tentatively as they meet under a romantic bridge.
"Hi!," he nervously replies. "Two-zero-two-zero?"
"Please," she coos. "Call me 2020."
"So where you from?" she asks as they begin to stroll. "Hell," says Satan.
"Me too," she replies. And the whole world can identify.
Cut to Swift's hit "Love Story," with its wistful lyrics: "Romeo, take me somewhere we can be alone / I'll be waiting, all there's left to do is run / You'll be the prince, and I'll be the princess / It's a love story, baby, just say, 'Yes.'"
The tune backs a montage of dates, including feeding strawberries to each other during a picnic in an empty football stadium, working out together in a shut-down gym, going to a movie in a vacant theater and, of course, gleefully stealing rolls and rolls of toilet paper. She playfully tries to drag him into a church.
There's also a selfie of our couple, shot in front of an open dumpster fire. Because ... 2020.
"I just don't want this year to end," Satan says as the two take in a sunset view.
"Who would?" 2020 replies — and then comets rain down on the Earth.
The ad ends with the tagline, "Make 2020 your year," though that quickly switches to say "2021" instead.
It's an ad worth rewatching, whether you're single, married, dating or simply existing through this pandemic-induced dystopia.
Okay so while my new re-records are NOT done, my friend @VancityReynolds asked me if he could use a snippet of one for a LOLsome commercial he wrote so...here's a sneak peak of Love Story! Working hard to get the music to you soon!! https://t.co/0vBFXxaRXR
— Taylor Swift (@taylorswift13) December 2, 2020
In giving her OK, Swift also gave an update on her efforts to re-create music she recorded early in her career, the masters of which were sold yet again without her input.
"Okay so while my new re-records are NOT done, my friend @vancityreynolds asked me if he could use a snippet of one for a LOLsome commercial he wrote," she tweeted Wednesday , "so...here's a sneak peak of Love Story! Working hard to get the music to you soon!!"
give ryan hell taylor swift deserves match reynolds hell give taylor swift
« Previous Harry Styles trolls his fashion shamers in the best way possible
Next » Review: Selena isn't here to tell her story. And Netflix's new series fails to give her a voice


text:
Savannah Technical College announces new avionics training
Katie Nussbaum @kmartSMN
Mar 19, 2019 at 2:52 PM Mar 20, 2019 at 11:34 AM
Savannah Technical College, along with Gulfstream Aerospace Corp. and other industry leaders, has announced the development of two new avionics certificates as part of the college's technical training curriculum to begin in May.
The curriculum is new for the state of Georgia and the new certificates were approved by the Technical College System of Georgia this week.
"We are proud to be on the cutting edge of developing new instructional programs like this," Savannah Tech president Kathy Love said.
"We would not have been able to do so without working so closely with Gulfstream. They collaborated with us to create curriculum and helped us identify critical training equipment. Gulfstream is an exemplary business partner committed to investing in workforce development and career readiness."
With a sizable pledge from Gulfstream, the college will equip its new avionics lab with advanced equipment, including 13 electronic trainers, four fully outfitted avionics technician boxes and a data bus trainer. The amount of the pledge was not made public.
"Through our partnership with Savannah Technical College, we continue to train and prepare students for aerospace careers," said Jay Neely, vice president for law and public affairs at Gulfstream.
"The college's new avionics program is the most recent example of our collaborative commitment to ensure we are providing local students with the tools and training they need to be successful in our field."
The avionics certificates may be completed in two semesters starting in May. The first semester, students will take three courses to earn the Avionics Installer Certificate: Introduction to Aircraft and Aviation Fundamentals, Basic Aircraft Electricity and Basic Aircraft Electrical Wiring and Troubleshooting.
Upon completion of the installer certificate or equivalent work experience, students will advance to the Avionics Technician Certificate, including three courses: Aircraft Navigation, Communication and Avionics Systems, Advance Aircraft Electricity and Advance Aircraft Wiring and Troubleshooting.
As avionics technicians, graduates will understand the different systems found on modern aircraft, how to do basic troubleshooting on aircraft systems and methods to integrate systems on aircraft. They could also find employment in the retrofit side of aviation with companies that are updating older aircraft to modern avionic suites.
"With the continued evolution of aircraft, the need for understanding how to correctly install, integrate and troubleshoot wiring and systems on aircraft has grown," Savannah Tech dean of aviation Tal Loos said.
"The talent pool for these skill sets is very limited or non-existent, even among the current workforce because the technology is so new. As technology keeps moving into new and old aircraft, the need for this skill set will continue to grow as owners of aircraft want to retrofit their current aircraft with the latest and greatest technology."
This program will relate to the college's current aviation programs Aviation Maintenance, Aircraft Structural, Luxury Craft Cabinetmaking, Upholstery and Trim, and Advance Airframe and/or Powerplant. Avionics training will give graduates a better understanding of wiring in aircraft and allow them to be better prepared to deal with current and future aircraft industry needs.
All of the training will be offered at the college's 29,000-square-foot Aviation Training Center, which opened in 2013. Located at the college's Crossroads Campus, the center includes a 5,000-square-foot hangar, four training labs and five classrooms with a tarmac.
The college also owns three fully functional planes and a Gulfstream G100 aircraft that are used for instructional purposes and are housed at the training center.
After the opening of the training center, Savannah Tech was granted Federal Aviation Administration approval to teach the Aviation Maintenance Technology program in 2014.
The college has graduated 1,159 students prepared for careers in aviation since the Aircraft Structural Assembly program was introduced in 2006 and about 90 percent of those graduates have gained employment locally.


text:
package org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.plugins.multiplex;

import org.apache.felix.scr.annotations.*;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.api.CommitFailedException;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.commons.PathUtils;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.commons.PropertiesUtil;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.commit.*;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.mount.Mount;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.mount.MountInfoProvider;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.mount.Mounts;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.state.NodeState;
import org.osgi.framework.BundleContext;
import org.osgi.framework.ServiceRegistration;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import javax.annotation.Nonnull;
import java.util.Map;

/**
 * {@link Validator} which detects change commits to the read only mounts.
 */
@Component(label = "Apache Jackrabbit Oak PrivateStoreValidatorProvider")
public class PrivateStoreValidatorProvider extends ValidatorProvider {
    private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(getClass());
    private static final String ROOT_PATH = "/";

    @Property(
        boolValue = true,
        label = "Fail when detecting commits to the read-only stores",
        description = "Commits will fail if set to true when detecting changes to any read-only store. If set to false the commit information is only logged."
    )
    private static final String PROP_FAIL_ON_DETECTION = "failOnDetection";
    private boolean failOnDetection;

    @Reference
    private MountInfoProvider mountInfoProvider = Mounts.defaultMountInfoProvider();

    private ServiceRegistration serviceRegistration;

    @Nonnull
    public Validator getRootValidator(NodeState before, NodeState after, CommitInfo info) {
        return new PrivateStoreValidator(ROOT_PATH);
    }

    @Activate
    private void activate(BundleContext bundleContext, Map<String, ?> config) {
        failOnDetection = PropertiesUtil.toBoolean(config.get(PROP_FAIL_ON_DETECTION), true);

        if (mountInfoProvider.hasNonDefaultMounts()) {
            serviceRegistration = bundleContext.registerService(EditorProvider.class.getName(), this, null);
            logger.info("Enabling PrivateStoreValidatorProvider with failOnDetection {}", failOnDetection);
        }
    }

    @Deactivate
    private void deactivate() {
        if (serviceRegistration != null) {
            serviceRegistration.unregister();
            serviceRegistration = null;
        }
    }

    //For test purpose
    void setMountInfoProvider(MountInfoProvider mountInfoProvider) {
        this.mountInfoProvider = mountInfoProvider;
    }

    //For test purpose
    void setFailOnDetection(boolean failOnDetection) {
        this.failOnDetection = failOnDetection;
    }

    boolean isFailOnDetection() {
        return failOnDetection;
    }

    private class PrivateStoreValidator extends DefaultValidator {
        private final String path;

        public PrivateStoreValidator(String path) {
            this.path = path;
        }

        public Validator childNodeAdded(String name, NodeState after) throws CommitFailedException {
            return checkPrivateStoreCommit(getCommitPath(name));
        }

        public Validator childNodeChanged(String name, NodeState before, NodeState after) throws CommitFailedException {
            return checkPrivateStoreCommit(getCommitPath(name));
        }

        public Validator childNodeDeleted(String name, NodeState before) throws CommitFailedException {
            return checkPrivateStoreCommit(getCommitPath(name));
        }

        private Validator checkPrivateStoreCommit(String commitPath) throws CommitFailedException {
            Mount mountInfo = mountInfoProvider.getMountByPath(commitPath);
            if (mountInfo.isReadOnly()) {
                Throwable throwable = new Throwable("Commit path: " + commitPath);
                logger.error("Detected commit to a read-only store! ", throwable);

                if (failOnDetection) {
                    throw new CommitFailedException(CommitFailedException.UNSUPPORTED, 0,
                            "Unsupported commit to a read-only store!", throwable);
                }
            }

            return new PrivateStoreValidator(commitPath);
        }

        private String getCommitPath(String changeNodeName) {
            return PathUtils.concat(path, changeNodeName);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
For better or worse, Jackson State QB Shedeur Sanders isn't tempering fall expectations
Many SWAC coaches and players obviously will not agree with Sanders' comments or his candid assessment of the league, but it's hard to ignore what Jackson State has constructed.
Shedeur Sanders has yet to officially play in a college football game, but the son of Jackson State head coach Deion Sanders fired a loud shot across the bow toward the SWAC.
When asked to evaluate the Tigers' offensive production during preseason practices and what that meant for the upcoming season, Shedeur Sanders — with the same genetic self-assured bravado and confidence of his Hall of Fame father — made it clear just how good he thought this team is.
"It equates to a blowout," the freshman quarterback said at SWAC Media Day. "You've got to understand we not … y'all don't really understand, like, it's players that have different caliber of talent that all came to JSU.
"So it's like when you compare us to a regular SWAC team, a different SWAC team, the best, like, you've got to understand we didn't come here because we had to. We came here because we chose to. It's a difference."
Those statements will certainly be used as motivation by JSU's opponents.
But the immediate question that comes to mind is whether Sanders is right a little more than a month before the Tigers take the field down in Miami against Florida A&M in the Orange Blossom Classic?
Sanders has impressed in practices going all the way back to the spring when he took first-team reps despite not being eligible to participate in games.
He's already seen — even as an inexperienced, though talented freshman — a team leader.
What about the idea that this version of the Tigers, not the group that had spectacular highs and perplexing lows, featuring "a different caliber of talent" compared to the rest of the league?
Since the day Deion Sanders was hired, the program has gone on a high-end player acquisition tear not seen since national recruiting rankings became a thing.
As it stands, a 247 Sports composite rankings put Jackson State's 2021 haul at No. 55 in the country. To put that into perspective, the positioning is higher than an Iowa State team that played in the 2020 Big 12 Championship Game; a Central Florida program that once went unbeaten and knocked off then-No. 7 Auburn in the Peach Bowl; perennial Group of Five titan Boise State and former FCS power Appalachian State.
Sanders was a four-star prospect himself, and the highest-rated prospect ever to sign with the Tigers.
He will be joined on the roster by high-profile FBS transfers and high school standouts that have many believing JSU can run roughshod through the SWAC and beyond in the not-too-distant future.
While Jackson State as currently constructed is not a "regular" or "normal" SWAC team, at least on paper, other schools in the conference do have four-and five-stars on their rosters, too, as Alabama A&M head coach Connell Maynor famously said as part of a rant in the spring.
Also read: SWAC Media Day: Jackson State enters fall season 'expected to win it all'
But JSU has just so many more of them at their disposal it seems. The next HBCU ranked by 247 Sports after JSU is North Carolina A&T at No. 138. Then Florida A&M, the second SWAC school rated on the list, is featured at No. 153.
Many SWAC coaches and players obviously will not agree with Sanders' comments or his candid assessment of the league, with some even going as far as considering them downright disrespectful coming from a kid who hasn't proven it on the field.
It is, however, hard to ignore the war chest of recruits Deion Sanders and Co. has stockpiled over the last 11 months.
In college football, you win on Saturdays by scoring victories through texts, emails, phone calls and face-to-face visits on every other day of the week. Jackson State has certainly run up the score on the recruiting front, so Shedeur Sanders' conviction isn't completely wayward.
The journey for the Tigers in the fall isn't expected to be a waltz. Alabama A&M has one of the best quarterbacks in the country coming off a championship and is favored to win the SWAC East again. Florida A&M, Southern, Alcorn State, and Arkansas-Pine Bluff are conference title contenders in their own right.
All that now remains is to watch with a close eye whether Jackson State is as good as Shedeur Sanders advertised.
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Model On A Mission...to find Wings!
Glad to partner with Modelonamission Magazine, one of our favorite blogs about travel, style and beauty tips.
As a young girl Nora, the blogger for modelonamission, traveled the world and continued to do so. First to visit her family in Indonesia then to live abroad in the Caribbean and USA. Her passion for travel, luxury, fashion and health are combined in this blog. Wings Intimates caught her attention as a brand that combines all her interest. A stylish product that is beautiful and great for travel. In her blog modelonamission, she shares her knowledge of the best destinations that every young woman should visit in her life, and products that everyone should have.
Currently she spends most of her time in Europe and travels a couple times a year to tropical destinations. Her vision is to live a life you believe in and don't be swayed by what others tell you to do. Life is short, begin doing what you want to do now and follow your hearts desire....a philosophy aligned with ours at Wings Intimates!


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almost witty – The King's Speech? Really?
A generically dull, predictable, historically inaccurate but worthy English heritage film about a noble man who overcomes troubles to defeat his enemy wins the Oscar for Best Film? Best Director? Really? THIS is what the Oscar voters deem to be the best film made and shown in America in the last year?
Every darned British film producer is going to spend the next five to ten years trying to make me-too films about fellow noble Royals who, despite seeming to have everything in the world, have to overcome a secret problem to achieve their objective. After Chariots of Fires, we had to put up with endless English heritage films. After Lock, Stock and Two Smoking Barrels (the last major British film success), we had to put up with endless English gangsta films set in South London.
More dull British films that harken back to England's glorious past, as opposed to trying to look to Britain's present and future. A boon for heritage production designers, but bad news for anyone who wants to look forward, not backwards.
Thank Gawd the baby means I'll probably be avoiding cinema for the next five years.
btw, I once popped into Colin Firth's wife's eco-friendly shop in Chiswick. The shop assistants there were unbelievably snooty.
There's a lot of evidence to suggest nostaligist safe media – be it cinema, books, tv, art – is produced during a recession. 1930s cinema was escapist. Early 1980s Brit cinema had political stuff, but also that rise in Edwardiana. At least The King's Speech shows up the fallacy of cancelling UK Film, which funded it.
And, once Alex is 3 months or so and calming down, check out your local Picturehouse or ODEON. Ours run a baby film screening where you can take under 1 year olds and watch current releases. I've seen more films in the 7 months since GJ was born than I did in the previous 17 months.
Wow. You haven't seen The King's Speech, but you write it off as dull and predictable? There's one way to invalidate your argument.
And what were those endless English heritage films that followed Chariots Of Fire? I can't recall any major ones, or for that matter any kind of trend.
The King's Speech was a hit because it contained themes that people can identify with (class struggles, public speaking, psychological problems). It's got to be an improvement on the unimaginative drivel that Hollywood keeps churning out. Keep your mind open and don't judge a film on the films that might follow in its wake, or the assistants in the shop owned by the wife of the star.


Patti Muraczewski of For Pet's Sake Dog Training School has been involved with the Wisconsin Federated Humane Society since the early 1980's when she became the director of the Elm-Brook Humane Society. She joined their board of directors in the late 80's, and has been on the board for 15 years.
Currently, Patti Muraczewski supervises the Wisconsin Federated Humane Society's website: www.member.petfinder.org/~wisfedhs/ She writes for the quarterly newsletter and organizes their representation during the Wisconsin State Fair. Patti also serves on a mentoring committee where they are trying to improve the sharing that societies can do with each other throughout the state and eventually throughout the Midwest.
Muraczewski went on to say, "There is a national movement towards what is popularly termed 'no-kill' shelters and this is a concern for many of us in humane work. Like Roger Caras said, 'We are responsible for anything we domesticate...forever.' We need to be equally responsible for the quality of life, not just an existence, that we provide for that animal." Roger Caras authored over 40 books on nature and the environment. He was the President of ASPCA until he passed awayin 2001.
Why should people adopt a pet from an animal shelter rather than purchasing a pet from a breeder? Patti believes there is a "why" and "when" to this question. I asked her to explain.
Patti said she had two dogs throughout her childhood and teenage years, but adopted her first "very own" dog in 1976. Patti described this dog as "a mixed breed Wisconsin Humane Society special". She started training immediately and became an instructor one year later.
I asked Patti to discuss some of the various canine sports that people can train their pets in. Here was her response.
"Obedience training is not really a sport, but more a way of life. We do use this for practical control (door dashing, food stealing, walking on leash, etc.) as well as competitive Obedience (heel, long sit, etc.) for showing your dog through a kennel club. Obedience is good for basic control, reducing aggression and better communication between pet owners and their pets (which is a stress reliever for both parties).
Conformation training is for showing through a kennel club, but this time the emphasis is on the dog's appearance and how well they follow the breed standard.
Flyball is an up and coming sport where a team of four dogs races over hurdles to hit a ball launcher. The dog has to grab the ball and return over the hurdles where then the next dog is released. It is great fun training and for exercise. We compete nationally and have developed some wonderful friendships throughout the years. Flyball can teach focus, retrieving and in some cases reduces dog-to-dog aggression. Handlers learn a great deal about problem solving.
Patti has over 25 years experience in dog training. She is a certified judge for the American Mixed Breed Association, and is a Therapy Dog International Evaluator. Patti recently received her certification as a dog trainer through the Associationof Pet Dog Trainers. She has earned numerous Obedience titles in AKC, UKC, SKC including a Dog World Award. Several years ago her Bichon, Keshka, ranked third in the country for Obedience and sixth in Agility. Snafu is currently third in the country for Novice Agility and fourth in the country for Flyball.
To learn more about Patti, visit her website.


Prince William and Kate Middleton have been in the spotlight more than ever these past few days, and it's because of something unthinkable: Prince William has reportedly cheated on the Duchess of Cambridge with her best friend, Rose Hanbury. The rumors about the royal family have been nonstop over the past year, and this is another one of those stories that could very well not be true. But even if it were the truth, Kate Middleton probably wouldn't leave him.
For the 36 years William has been alive, he has had one of the most pristine track records of any royal. In a public poll about the royal family, people found William to be genuine and respectable — not someone who would step out in his wife. But now, the future king is in hot water over a rumor that he reportedly cheated on Kate Middleton with Rose Hanbury. And once rumors about the royal family start, it's very difficult for them to stop. Kate and Rose recently had a falling out, and it didn't take long for tabloids to stir up that William was the reason why.
There are countless reasons to think these rumors aren't true. If anyone knows how devastating a cheating scandal is, it's William. He witnessed everything his mother went through when she learned Prince Charles was having an affair, and William would likely never want to put Kate through that. Plus, William and his dad had a big rift in their relationship once that happened, and it took years for William to accept Camilla. And he saw what the cheating scandal did to his father's reputation at the time; it's hard to believe he would put himself in that kind of position as well, nor would he put his children in that position.
Even if William did have an affair, Kate learned what the fallout from Charles' affair did to William and his brother, Prince Harry. That past would be reason enough for Kate to stay with her husband, since she wouldn't want her own children to go through the same thing. When Charles and Princess Diana got divorced, William and Harry were in the center of the spotlight, and it proved to be a lot for them to handle. Things were never the same in their lives after that, and it only got worse when they lost their mother.
Kate knows what William went through, and she would probably think about the life her own children would have if she and William got divorced. George, Charlotte, and Louis will be in the spotlight enough as it is growing up, but having this scandal and a divorce follow them around for years would only make things harder. Kate probably wants to get through these issues as smoothly as possible to protect her own kids. But in the end, it's extremely possible that the tabloids are having a field day with the entire thing, and it could be completely made up.


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If you're a superstitious type then you'll know that today is Friday 13th. Some scientists do actually believe that scientifically this day could very well be unlucky for some or for those cynical folk, just coincidence. Either way, sometimes people and brands can be, even with the best intentions very unlucky. So as a tribute to this unlucky day we look back and bring you 13 campaigns that did not luck out for the brands.
Urban Outfitters attempted to capitalise on hurricane Sandy, using the storm as a marketing ploy. They sent round an e-mail titled 'Frankenstorm' advertising free shipping complete with a GIF of cats and dogs running down the screen (this was at the point where the death toll had reached 74 and over a million people had no power, just to put that into perspective!) This email was followed up with a tweet saying all you needed to tweet for free shipping was #ALLSOGGY. A little tactless….
Kelloggs really put their foot in it by tweeting under the handle @KelloggsUK, 'I RT = 1 breakfast for a vulnerable child'. Many followers were enraged saying that it suggested the company were only willing to donate if they received enough publicity. To be fair that really is what it looks like. Nothing like exploiting vulnerable children in an attempt to promote a brand!
Nike were forced to go into crisis management in February when the South African athlete faced charges of pre-meditated murder following the shooting of his girlfriend Reeva Steenkamp. Nike suspended the $2 million dollar contract with the athlete. They also had to pull the incredibly unfortunately named adverts.
Vitamin Water set up a campaign targeted at French and English speakers in Canada. It featured randomly generated words being printed inside the bottle tops in both languages, which customers could then put together to form phrases and send in for prizes. However, one women found the phrase 'You Retard' (Retard is the French word for late) on the inside of her cap. Since her son is disabled, she was outraged and even went on talk shows to vent her feelings (I mean honestly) and wrote angry complaints to Coca-Cola (who own Vitamin Water) that were then spread online. Coca-Cola were forced to grovel and apologise for this ridiculous blunder.
In 2006, Abercrombie CEO wrote a controversial article about his target audience stating that Abercrombie "go after the cool kids... the attractive all-American kid". The company still don't actually stock above a size ten for women. In response to this Jess Baker, who blogs under the name 'militant Baker' created her 'Attractive and Fat campaign' which openly parodied Abercrombies style of photo-shoots for campaigns. The parody spread like wildfire across the internet turning Abercrombie into somewhat of a laughing stock.
Waitrose attempted to harness the power of Twitter in hopes this would help generate positive tweets about the great services and prices in store. They did this by asking for people to finish the sentence; "I shop at Waitrose because…" followed by #WaitroseReasons. Unsurprisingly this backfired with people using it to name Waitrose as an upper middle class and overpriced store. For example, one customer claimed 'I shop at waitrose because Tesco doesn't stock unicorn food'. Another witty remarker said 'I also shop at Waitrose because I was once in the Holloway Rd Branch and heard a dad say "Put the papaya down, Orlando!". Probably not the response Waitrose was hoping for.
After the launch of the new British Airways advertising campaign 'To Fly. To Serve' two years ago, Easyjet posted a spoof version of the posters titled 'To Fly, To Save' on it's Facebook page and asked their fans what they thought. It completely backfired with hundreds of Facebook followers commenting that the ads were 'jealous' and 'bitchy'. They do have a point… To this day EasyJet are still dealing with the repercussions.
In an effort to expand their customer base, American Apparel launched an XL range and held a modelling contest to find a new 'curvy' model by allowing members of the public to vote in an online competition for the new model. This backfired, when a 'plus-sized' blogger submitted spoof photos of herself mocking the overtly sexual photoshoot style of the company by smearing herself in and rolling around in high calorie foods, like pie. The spoof pictures were voted to win the competition by a long shot but American apparel refused to use her as the model. They also sent her an unpleasant letter in the post which she proceeded to publish online on her hugely popular blog. Ouch.
The day that British Gas announced that energy bills would rise by 10%, they thought it would be a good idea to take to Twitter and do a Q&A with the Customer Services Director. Turns out asking thousands of annoyed British Gas customers to tweet you a question won't end well... who'd have thunk it?
10. Skittles - They give your child cancer!
Skittles attempted to integrate Twitter onto their website by importing all tweets with the hashtag 'Skittles' but didn't think to employ a moderator for this new gizmo. Online pranksters soon caught on and started launching discussions about whether Skittles can cause cancer or whether the company is the root of all evil or connected to paedophilia. These discussions were showing up on their website on the live Twitter feed. To solve this, Skittles introduced an age restriction which excluded children- their main target market! All in all a bit of a disaster.
This campaign doesn't really need an explanation but I would love to know who approved this ad campaign. I bet it took a lot of time and luck for Belvedere to recover their reputation and trust from their customers.
A year on and I still find this funny! The poor PR team that came up with this hashtag really didn't think it through. While it may have been very bad luck to begin with, it actually took Twitter by storm and may have even helped the album sales.
So with these unlucky campaigns in mind, if you're planning your next big campaign for 2014 make sure you have someone external check what you're producing. If it's going out in a different country, get someone locally to check the images and meanings. And last but by no means least, sense check your tweets. They may have a short shelf life but they can last a very long time when they go wrong!


Jeff Zias and I are writing the book Grassroots Innovation in the Enterprise to be published this fall. In March, we published a blog post where we introduced a draft of a model to help assess innovation programs in the enterprise.
Freedom – Employees are given autonomy to explore ideas they are passionate about.
Time – Employees are given self-directed time, carved out from their day jobs, to work on their own projects.
Collaborative Culture and Tools – Employees can easily find out what other employees are working on in their self-directed projects, provide feedback, and form teams across organizational and geographic boundaries.
Funding and Support – Employees are given resources, tools, training, and senior leadership mentoring to develop their self-directed projects. A formal process is in place allowing projects to "graduate" to officially funded initiatives.
We published a Grassroots Innovation Program Assessment Poll using the previous draft of the model. Thanks to those of you who participated in the poll. So far, all respondents have indicated that their companies are implementing some parts of the grassroots innovation model. However, everyone has room to improve since no company so far is firing on all cylinders.
We were pleased to receive positive responses and several suggestions on how to refine the model. Thanks so much for your helpful feedback!
Since March, we've also published a post on how a culture of experimentation gives companies innovation superpowers. That post describes how Google has maintained its search engine leadership by developing a highly evolved practice of experimentation supported by infrastructure and tools. Other companies like Amazon and Facebook have also developed a highly refined practice around experimentation.
It's clear to us then that Experimentation should be a fifth facet in our innovation model. A culture of experimentation synergistically supports the other facets because ideas from frontline employee can be tested alongside ideas from senior leaders. When a meritocracy of ideas is achieved, the company is more likely to benefit from giving employees time, freedom, tools, and funding to spend on their own ideas.
We've created a new Assessment Poll to include the Experimentation facet. We look forward to receiving more of your responses. Please continue to send us feedback on the model. Also, we'd love to hear about what's working well for you and what challenges you're experiencing running innovation programs at your company.


How to show published article field "Info Text"
Resolved How to show published article field "Info Text"
We have another one question, we want to show in published article field "Info Text" which we use as a label/title. But in template manager we don't see line with "Info Text" to add in template structure, what we must to do?
The info text field is purely for the submission form to add some guidelines/info etc.. Since the user can't change it you can simply add the same contents to your article template using basic html.
?? I don't understand. What is the problem or limitation?
Are you talking about the static content of the Info text field? Or are you talking about the Field captions? Please add more explanation why it would be a limitation or what you now believe you can't do.


Fun in the Sun (Adventure Racing) | No BS!
Hi frans - So, obviously super last minute gociety plan but wanted to throw it out there anyhow - one of my best buds from college is back in the states after three years in Japan. He mostly came back because he missed chicken wings and real beer. Anyhow, he's in town on a cross-country road trip to move to Washington DC and I wanted to take him out for a weeknight of Denver/welcome back to the states.


Elections will be held tomorrow (May 1) in Pulaski and Dublin. On the ballot will be candidates for Mayor (Pulaski) and Town Council (Pulaski and Dublin). Full sample ballots for both can be found at the Pulaski County Registrar's website (http://www.pulaskicounty.org/Registrar.html).
In Pulaski, David Clark is running unopposed for mayor and 5 candidates are running for 3 seats on Town Council. In Dublin, 6 candidates are running for 3 Town Council positions. The Southwest Times has a more detailed writeup here: https://www.southwesttimes.com/2018/04/dublin-pulaski-electing-leaders-tuesday/. The Southwest Times solicited letters from all of the candidates and published responses in print and online. We are linking all of those responses below. Thank you to the Southwest Times for giving the candidates space on your pages. I believe we have linked to all of the published responses (and/or profiles from previous elections where they we're available), but please let us know in the comments if we missed any that were published or if there is another profile of the candidate we could link. Names below appear in the order they appear on the ballot.
The View From Peak's Knob takes no editorial position on these races and we only hope that everyone makes an effort to get to the polls tomorrow to participate in this essential civic duty.
Peggy H. Hemmings: Could not find any candidate profile.
Dallas L. Cox: Could not find any candidate profile.
Jared M. Smith: Could not find any candidate profile.
After 29 years in the Suburbs and City of Maryland and DC, I moved to Pulaski with my wife Michelle who grew up here. We have two kids and are excited to raise them in this wonderful town. In my day job, I am a computer programmer working with satellite imagery.


A logging road through the rainforest in Berau, Indonesia.
Modern satellite images certainly give detailed images of the forest canopies, and have proven valuable in grasping the health of rainforests. But they don't tell you what's happening to the creatures underneath the thick canopy — many of whom are vulnerable to hunting and overexploitation.
"This takes you to the next level," Rhett Butler, a conservationist journalist and one of the paper's authors, said of bioacoustics "You get a much bigger picture."
As the recordings below illustrate, rainforest environments can produce walls of sound teeming with diverse pitches and calls. It's a wild metropolis.
"A wall is a good way to describe it," said Butler, the CEO of Mongabay, a nonprofit media and conservation organization. "Animals have evolved so that they call in certain frequencies, so they don't drown each other out."
The first example comes from a protected, never logged forest in Berau, Indonesia.
Some forests, however, might appear quite intact and healthy from the view of satellites. But this can be deceiving. Forest fires can burn through the drought-ridden understory, the jungles may be overrun with invasive species, or certain critters might simply be gone.
This is especially the case near logging roads, which can invite hunting.
"You can put devices where there's logging or roads and hunting, and you can notice certain species disappear," said Butler.
A bioacoustic device strapped to a tree in Berau, Indonesia.
Even plantations or areas near plantations can sustain bounties of life — though an expert ear can spot missing species.
"It's a monotonous sound rather than the full symphony," said Butler.
Below is a recording from an acacia plantation in the rainforest of Berau Indonesia. An acacia plantation is a planted forest, which is harvested for wood.
The following three-minute track is from the Musiamunat community conservation area in Papua New Guinea.
Today, vast swaths of rainforest are actively deforested to make way for crops and provide land for cattle. It's a challenging scenario, as deforestation is not just driven by industry: Often farmers living in extreme poverty deforest the land, just so they can feed themselves.
According to Mongabay, between 2000 and 2005, Brazil alone lost an area of forest larger than the nation of Greece.
What's more, rainforests play an outsized role sustaining a stable climate on Earth. These ecosystems naturally absorb carbon dioxide — a potent greenhouse gas — from the air. Though conserving rainforests isn't nearly the sole remedy to mitigating human-caused climate change, which is now advancing at an accelerated pace, these ancient forests are a critical part the solution.
The planet's carbon dioxide levels are now the highest they've been in 15 million years.


Georgia has distinguished itself among countries in the region and indeed in the world through its determination to conduct a far-reaching reform of the public administration.
This resolve has remained unshaken over the decades since independence.
And it has withstood its fair share of political debate and upheaval.
One core component of this wider reform has been the creation of a modern civil service.
The ideal here, drawn from Europe's best practices, has been to build a professional civil service where hiring is based on merit and advancement is based on performance.
Over the past six years, this idea has been translated into a concept, the concept into legislation, and, over 2017 and 2018, the legislation into implementation.
UNDP is proud to have supported this process from the earliest days.
We see a professional civil service as the cornerstone of a governance system that puts citizens first, ensuring that institutions serve the public rather than the other way around.
We see it as a crucial safeguard to prevent the practice – one seen far too often in the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union – of using the public administration as a political tool to award jobs for partisan loyalty rather than for merit.
This year has seen major advances towards our shared vision of a professional and apolitical civil service, thanks to the efforts of our partners in the Civil Service Bureau.
At UNDP we have worked this year to help ensure that the aims and expectations of the reform are communicated and understood clearly, both inside the civil service and among the wider public.
And we have helped to prepare policy guidance on key challenges for civil servants, for example on receiving gifts, something that is particularly important in this holiday period.
As we'll here form our partners today, we have a lot to be proud of, but there is still a lot of work still ahead to ensure that our ideals are translated fully into everyday practice.
UNDP remains deeply committed to helping to complete this process.
So let me salute our partners' efforts, and express our gratitude to the UK, Sweden and Denmark for the financial support and substantive advice that makes our work possible.
Finally, after a year filled with both daunting challenges and encouraging results, let me wish everyone a peaceful and restful holiday period, and a healthy and happy new year!