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in: Map features
Town Takeover
A town takeover is a section of the map that is modeled after a Legend. Town takeovers come in either Themed or Collection Events. Sometimes, Stories from the Outlands is released with town takeovers.
When a new town takeover is about to be added, red flags can be seen around the location where it will be placed.
1 List of Town Takeovers
2 Kings Canyon
2.1 Octane's Gauntlet
2.2 Singh Labs
2.3 Crypto's Map Room
2.4 Caustic Treatment
3 World's Edge
3.1 Bloodhound's Trials
3.2 Rampart's Big Maude
4 Olympus
4.1 Pathfinder's Fight Night
5 Arenas
5.1 The Mirage Voyage
List of Town Takeovers[]
Octane's Gauntlet
(Octane's TT) Kings Canyon
Jump pads
High tier item in the ring of fire
Iron Crown
(S02E01)
Singh Labs
(Wraith's TT) Kings Canyon
Redeploy phase portal
Voidwalker
The Mirage Voyage
(Mirage's TT) World's Edge
Party time (two high tier loot balls emerge)
Disco loot ball (variable rarity; chance for a Vault Key)
Holo-Day Bash
Bloodhound's Trials
(Bloodhound's TT) World's Edge
Prowlers (PvE enemies)
Locked high tier loot (unlocked by killing the prowlers)
The Old Ways
Crypto's Map Room
(Crypto's TT) Kings Canyon
Map scan (shows the next ring & all players in the game)
Screens that display the number of nearby hostile squads
Pathfinder's Fight Night
(Pathfinder's TT) Olympus
Boxing ring (melee only)
High tier loot balls inside the ring
Caustic Treatment
(Caustic's TT) Kings Canyon
Toxic floor
Locked high tier loot (unlocked by draining the toxins)
Rampart's Big Maude
(Rampart's TT) World's Edge
Vend-it machines (sells fully-kitted modded weapons)
Modded weapons (faster reloads, paint rounds)
Material canisters (always spawn)
Kings Canyon[]
Octane's Gauntlet[]
Replacing West Settlement in western Kings Canyon, Octane's Gauntlet was added in the 2.1 Update as part of the Iron Crown event.
It is a racecourse filled with Launch Pads and a ring of fire in the middle, inside of which there is a piece of Epic or Legendary gear.
Singh Labs[]
Replacing the complex in the Nesting Grounds in Kings Canyon, Singh Labs and Singh Labs Interior were added in the 2.2 Update as part of the Voidwalker event. It is based on the "Voidwalker" short.
An underground laboratory previously used for Project: Wraith during the IMC occupation of Solace. Most of the facility is entirely underground and contains a large Dimensional Rift, one end of which is in the deepest room while the other end is in the sky above the labs. Exiting the portal will make the player skydive as though from a jump tower. A tunnel connecting Singh Labs Interior to the ARES Capacitor was added in Season 5, along with an expansion to the exterior camp.
One hard-to-access room contains an audio log from Wraith before the project began:
" Senior Science Pilot Renee Blasey, first report. The grant to test our new Phase Shift tech has been approved by IMC's ARES Division. My colleague, Dr. Singh, has his suspicions about them... But honestly, all I care about is whether or not it's true... That our dimension is not the only one. Now we just need some volunteers... Or, I'll have to do this thing myself. There are a lot of roads out there - who knows where they lead? Project Wraith... Active.
In the lead up to Crypto's release, this same room contained a teaser where you can see Crypto hacking until his drone spotted you, after which they'll both leave into a non-accessible room.
Crypto's Map Room[]
Replacing Landing Pad area, south of The Repulsor, Crypto's Map Room was added in the 5.1 Update as part of the Lost Treasures event.
On the bottom floor of this building is a holographic map of Kings Canyon, and a console that can be activated to show the location of all players (while other teams are show as orange, the champion squad will marked with yellow) and the next ring location on the holographic map. Enemies near the building will see "SATELLITE SCANNED!" on their HUD. Your own HUD map will also briefly be marked with other legends as well as have the next ring location marked for the round.
Caustic Treatment[]
Replacing Water Treatment, Caustic Treatment was added in the 8.1 Update as a part of the Chaos Theory event.
It is a large laboratory that has buttons that will drain the toxin and open the cages with high-tier loot, but after a while, the toxin will fill back up. Anyone can activate them. You can walk through the toxin to the cages if you wish to. There is also an observation room, that can only be accessed by Caustic or Wattson, where you can listen to a voice message left by Caustic. This is what he says:
" Just a few modifications and this plentitude of gas has the potential to expand my field experiments well beyond this trite game. A larger sample size, such as Solace City, would yield more reliable, compelling results. The only snag is Maldera… but let him find me. Now that Ms. Paquette knows the truth, this charade has lost its luster.
On the outside are fan towers that have a slight updraft, and will cause you to float slowly up.
World's Edge[]
Bloodhound's Trials[]
Located under Sniper's Ridge in World's Edge, Bloodhound's Trials was added in the 4.2 Update as part of The Old Ways event. It is based on the "The Old Ways" short.
It is a cave with several panels that release prowlers that attempt to kill the player. By killing all the prowlers released, the player can access high-tier loot. Around the takeover, there are multiple exhibits placed here, such as a skull of a flyer, their uncle Artur's helmet and shield, and a hologram of a Charge Rifle. While playing as Bloodhound, the player can activate these items, and Bloodhound would narrate about them. Here are all of them:
The Weapon
" Link▶ Through this weapon, I learned the truth of the old ways and the new. They are two vǫrr that propel us onward. I taka this journey without fear.
" Link▶ The skull of a flyer - The second creature slatra by my hand. It is traditional to claim the skull of the first, but... That is lost to the winds.
" Link▶ This helm and shield were borne by my uncle, Artur. He now dines in Valhalla as his memory guides our felagi people. I wish I could speak with him today. About Boone. The óséður . The promise that drew me to these games.
Rampart's Big Maude[]
Built besides Lava City, Rampart's Big Maude was added in the 10.1 Update as part of the Evolution event.
It is Rampart's personal shop and it includes a nearby paintball course. The shop contains Vend-it Machines where players can use Crafting Materials to purchase Rampart's Custom Modded Paintball Weapons (fully kitted weapons of various tiers). The modded weapons have the Splatter Rounds hop-up: they shoot paint-loaded rounds and they reload faster.
Olympus[]
Pathfinder's Fight Night[]
Main article: Pathfinder's Fight Night
Constructed between Docks and Turbine, Pathfinder's Fight Night was added in the 7.2 Update as part of the Fight Night event. It is based on the "Fight Night" short.
It is a boxing arena with loot rollers inside, filled with high-tier loot. Players who enter the ring cannot use their weapons or abilities; in other words, they can only melee. Special animations are played while inside the ring. Any outside projectiles, abilities, or Holo-Sprays will not enter the ring.
Arenas[]
Main article: Arenas
The Mirage Voyage[]
The Mirage Voyage is a very special Town Takeover because it can move from map to map. It was first added on December 12, 2019, as part of the Holo-Day Bash event, originally hovering over Spring's End in World's Edge. It was removed from World's Edge in Season 6 and was moved to Kings Canyon in Season 7, above Skull Town's sunken remains. It was removed again in the 8.1 Update. Finally, it became one of the Arenas custom maps as Party Crasher after Mirage crashed it in Kómma.
It is Mirage's party boat, a lavish hovercraft similar to a Supply Ship. When it was intact, several decoys can be found on the boat enjoying the hot tub, dance floor, and grilling pork chops on the grill. It also includes a painting called "Mirage o' Lust", which is also featured in the book Pathfinder's Quest. On one of the higher decks, there is a panel that activates fireworks, loud music, two cargo bots, and three large dancing decoys. All these no longer function when it crashed.
When it was in World's Edge, nestled in the rocks below the ship, there was an audio log from a phone call between Mirage and his mother:
" Hey! Well if it isn't the most beautiful woman in the world! I mean, I gotta get my good looks from somewhere... heh... How ya doin', Mom?... Oh, me? I'm perfect as usual. Hey, get this: They asked me to take over the games for a bit during the holidays. It makes sense, you know, I mean... Give the fine people of the Outlands what they want, right?... Yeah... yeah, that's right, Mom... Yeah, I'm your son, Elliot... Yeah, yeah, of course! Don't worry, I'll win for you today! Always for my number one fan. Yeah, you go enjoy your pork chops - I know they're your favorite. I'm gonna go win a cha-uh... the ahh... the abvah... the champ... I'm gonna be the best! Alright... love you, Mom! Bye. {exhales} What is R.E.C.? Oh no, how long has this been recording...
When it returned to Kings Canyon, a new audio log can be found:
" (Imitating Kuben Blisk) Oi, Mirage, it's Blisk - the Apex Commissioner and holograms are now banned! Bamboozled you, honey! It's mom. I got the flowers. I love Marigolds. They're from our song... Ahh, how beautiful they are. They're for someone's birthday...it says 'Happy Birthday' on it. I'll check with my kids. I never know where they are nowadays... I don't have an answer. My brain's just...I think it's the thing...whatever you call it. I heard this happens. It happens to people...I'm tired. I had a dream the other night. Everyone kept telling me I'm dying, except Uncle Droz - miss my brother. And Davis. They always made me laugh, like Elliott. He's celebrating his second anniversary of competing in the games. Oh! And there's...there's a girl, too. He's started to talk about that. It's cute. He's grown up so fast. I'm looking at an old picture of Elliott when he was 10 or so, and next to him is his brother Elon, and ah...Ricky, and...and Roger. They're beautiful. Call me when you get the chance. You're gonna go far, my little Inchworm. I love you so much, even with your silly hair. Happy Anniversary, honey.
So far, Town Takeovers always get added to the map that got added or updated in that season. Respawn has confirmed that this is how they approach Town Takeovers, though it could change in the future.[1]
↑ RSPN_quazz comments on Respawn here. We just shipped Apex Legends: Emergence! Ask. Us. Anything.


My plan for today was to channel my inner six-year old by picking wild flowers. This is something I would often do when I was growing up, partly because I love flowers, and partly because I knew full well how adorable I looked with my long pigtails and a bunch of wild flowers, posed romantically in a conveniently located meadow.
Now that I've grown up, I'm a little less self-assured about my own adorableness, but I do still love flowers. Ever so, ever so much.
While Espen was sleeping today, I took the baby monitor outside and checked out the wild flower sitch in the overgrown wilderness outside the back gate. And I found some prettiness there! But as soon as I picked up my shears to cut them, Espen woke up and my flower picking fantasy turned into Espen's lunch time instead. So I decided I'd come back after he went to bed.
Fast forward to this evening, when Nick walked in the door with a beautiful bouquet of flowers. We had hardly talked during the day, so he had no idea that I'd been feeling the need for some floral fortification, but there he was with exactly the thing I'd been wanting. Because he thought they'd make me happy. Because he wanted to make me feel loved and special. Which he did.
So, no: I didn't pick my bouquet of wild flowers today. But sometimes, friends, you don't have to do everything yourself. Sometimes you can allow someone to love you enough to let them do wonderful things for you. And that is where happiness lies.
Serendipity is a good thing, Nick is the best!
You guys totally share a brain.
This is an awesome, awfully sweet story.


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What my superlative feels like – 78/100
Photo by Delf Renniel Rivera on Unsplash
I've become more and more obsessed with myself in the past year.
I've become more and more interested in seeing myself grow, in building myself up, and seeking the higher, better, stronger, deeper parts of myself.
The goal?
To reach the grandest version of myself, my superlative.
What does that mean? What does that look like?
Those are legitimate questions but I think the better question to ask first is – What does that feel like?
Because the grandest version of me could look like so many things, and it will. I will experience the grandest version of myself in different ways with different people at different times through different encounters and endeavors. It could look like anything.
I could drive myself crazy imagining all the ways it could go down. I could drive myself crazy assigning words and images to everything I want to accomplish. It could look like speaking on a stage of 1000 people. Or it could look like speaking on stage of 10000. Or it could look like speaking on stage of 10. Who the hell knows?
But I do know what it will feel like. It will feel expansive like no other. It will feel exhilarating, freeing, adrenaline-filled, like the fulfillment of dreams. It will feel, in that moment, like I've reached the pinnacle of who I am. And that's generally a boss-ass feeling.
I know it will feel like victory, glory, and power. So I focus on that. I focus on how my heart, soul, and mind will flow in moments of seeing the culmination of hard work, dedication, and sold-out-ness of all I am. It doesn't matter what it looks like. It really doesn't.
Sure, they do mean something. There are, undeniably, differences in reaching 10 and 1000 and 10000 people. But all of that mean nothing without our personal ROI, the sense of creation of our purpose and destiny. It's the fulfillment of our heart's desires and vision that determine the level of the grandest version of ourselves.
And it can look like anything.
Screw the numbers. Screw the perks. Screw the attention. Screw everything in our mind. We can't put a number, a dollar sign next to the truth of delivering to the world exactly who we are, exactly who they need to show up.
Because when we do, only we will know what that feels like. Getting to that point – and there will be many many points in our lifetimes, never just one moment of achievement – will be determined and truly enjoyed by us.
Those who support us in our endeavors will revel in their participation of our journeys and those who are affected by our work will be enlightened and raised closer to their grandest version of selves. But only we will know – experientially know within every vein, every molecule, cell, and nerve of our bodies what that feels like to us, the creators and pioneers of our paths.
So, nowadays, I focus on what it feels like to know – experientially know the grandest version of myself. I'm not a fortuneteller. I can't put down or even pursue a number, although I do set goals with concrete numbers so I can track the journey.
But I know, what will drive me there is nothing else but the sense of completion and realization of who I'm created to be, who I create myself to be in pursuit of my superlative, the most everything of all I am.
What are you pursuing? What does your grandest self feel like?
Something that triggered me – 78/100
The liver and the waterfall – 80/100

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Injury list: Tavon Young and Dennis Pitta are the first to go down
by Shane Richmond
This site isn't going to be a rolling news site for the Ravens – others will do that a lot better – but I do plan to cover stories that have a major impact and a season-long injury is definitely one of those.
Dennis Pitta – June 2, 2017
Every Ravens fan will be saddened to hear that Dennis Pitta has injured his hip once again. The tight end has injured his hip twice before – serious injuries involving dislocation and fracture. The first injury occurred in training camp in July 2013, wiping out his season. In September 2014, he dislocated his hip for a second time and did not play again for two years. After that injury, doctors advised him against returning to football. He wanted to play too much and returned last year. This third injury will almost certainly end his career, though nothing has been announced yet.
As with the injury to Young, Pitta's injury affects a position that is fairly deep for the Ravens. However, the players available are all relatively unproven. Nick Boyle plays occasionally between suspensions and might be converted to fullback to replace Kyle Juszczyk in any case. Crockett Gilmore and Maxx Williams have struggled with injuries, as has Ben Watson, whose age is a further question mark over how much we can expect from him. Then there's Darren Waller, who has just 12 receptions in two seasons.
The tight ends group isn't bad, necessarily. But there is no nailed-on talent there. Pitta was the closest to that and without him the pressure is on someone else to step up.
Tavon Young – June 1, 2017
There seems to be a grim inevitability to serious pre-season injuries for the Ravens. And in recent years, the secondary has been struck by one injury after another throughout the season. It's hardly surprising then, that with OTAs barely underway the Ravens have lost Tavon Young for the season with a torn ACL.
Where does this leave the team? The bad news is that Young was one of the highlights of a poor season last year and now he loses much-needed time to build on that – and we'll lose the opportunity to watch him. What's more, Young is an ideal slot cornerback and the Ravens don't have many other natural fits to replace him. The rest of the team's corners fit outside roles better, as Jamison Hensley explains.
A season-ending injury for a starter is never a good thing but there are some reasons for optimism and this Reddit post does a good job of rounding those up. Essentially, if you're going to lose a guy then knowing about it sooner is better because you have more options. The Ravens can now look for a replacement among salary cap cuts. If they go with someone who is already on the team, then they have time for that player to get comfortable in the role.
TagsInjuries
About Shane Richmond
Editor of Pigskin Books and Ravens Flock UK
pigskinbooks.com
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Sutong Press Release
Sutong China Tire Resurces, Inc.
Effective July 28th Mr. Robert He became President of Sutong China Tire Resources, Inc… Ms. Sue Yang, will continue as Sutong's Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. He has been with Sutong from its inception. He currently manages Sutong's operations in China with its headquarters in Beijing. Mr. He will maintain offices in Beijing and Houston.
Anderson Indiana Update, Inventory is moving into Sutong's new Anderson, Indiana Distribution Center at a record pace. Shipping has begun from this new facility as well. Tire mounting machines have also been installed to produce tire and wheel assemblies.
The new facility at first is geared up to handle all its customers Dot Com business. Sutong will start an orderly transition of customer shipments from Anderson customer by customer. It was decided that a slow transition would best serve its customers. Sutong prides itself on industry leading customer service and wants to ensure that not only are they ready to service customers from the Anderson Distribution Center but its customers are ready for the change.
Sutong China Tire Resources, Inc., headquartered just outside Houston in Hockley, TX., was established in 1993 as an importer of medium truck tires to serve the independent dealer in the United States. Since its inception Sutong has enjoyed continuous growth and expanded its business into several channels of distribution.
Latest News - Tire Business Latest news and features from Tire Business
by Tire Business Staff on January 18, 2020 at 1:38 am
by Tire Business Staff on January 17, 2020 at 4:24 pm
Pyrolyx U.S.A. secures funding for second recovered carbon black plant
by Miles Moore on January 17, 2020 at 2:56 pm
TERRE HAUTE, Ind. — Recycled carbon black processor Pyrolyx U.S.A. has obtained approval for up to $70 million in bonds to finance the building of a second rCB plant in Terre Haute.
Early bird registration open for YANG 2020 Leadership Conference
by Tire Business Staff on January 16, 2020 at 10:19 pm
DENVER — The Young Auto Care Network Group, a community of the Auto Care Association, is accepting early bird registrations for its fifth annual Leadership Conference, scheduled for May 15-16 in Denver.
Canadian Tire to install EV charging stations at 90 retail stores
TORONTO — Canadian Tire Corp. is planning to install nearly 300 electric vehicle charging stations at 90 of its retail locations across Canada by year-end.
U.S., China take first step toward broader trade deal
WASHINGTON—The U.S. and China have signed a "Phase One" trade agreement designed to be the first step in a comprehensive trade deal with China.
Year in Review: Tire dealers round out decade in good spirits
by Jennifer Karpus Romain on January 16, 2020 at 8:30 pm
As another year comes to a close, tire dealers are preparing for the year ahead. Many of them found success in the past year and expect similar results for 2020.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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Sussex selected
Brighton roof fall: Man 'seriously hurt'
https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-sussex-22755061
Image caption The man is being treated for serious head injuries at a London hospital
A man suffered head injuries when he fell through the roof of a property near Brighton seafront.
The man fell about 20ft (6m) through a skylight into a basement at the Grapevine budget hostel in Middle Street at about 09:50 BST on Monday.
He was airlifted to King's College Hospital, south London, with serious head injuries.
Sussex Police said it is believed the man is in his 40s and lived in the building.
It is thought he was wearing only a T-shirt when he fell.
Emergency services, an air ambulance and hazardous area response team were sent to the scene.
An ambulance service spokesman said: "South East Coast Ambulance Service sent an ambulance, a car, and an air ambulance to the incident. The HART, hazardous area response team, were also sent to the scene.
"They worked together to treat a man who had suffered a fall."
Part of the A259 King's Road, near the Old Ship Hotel, was closed to allow the helicopter to land on the beach.
South East Coast Ambulance Service
'No crime, no impeachment' - is that true?
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text:
Daily News 8 Nov 2021
NASA, USGS Release First Landsat 9 Images
From NASA
Mangroves are prominent along the northwest coast of Australia. The first image collected by Landsat 9, on Oct. 31, 2021, shows mangroves clustered in protected inlets and bays on the edge of the Indian Ocean. Fluffy cumulus clouds and high-altitude cirrus clouds hover nearby. The aqua colors of the shallow near-shore waters give way to the deep, dark blues of the ocean.
Credits: NASA
Landsat 9 carries two instruments designed to work together to capture a broad range of wavelengths: the Operational Land Imager 2 and the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2. Data from both instruments are shown in this image. Credits: NASA
Landsat 9, a joint mission between NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) that launched Sept. 27, 2021, has collected its first light images of Earth.
The images, all acquired Oct. 31, are available online. They provide a preview of how the mission will help people manage vital natural resources and understand the impacts of climate change, adding to Landsat's unparalleled data record that spans nearly 50 years of space-based Earth observation.
"Landsat 9's first images capture critical observations about our changing planet and will advance this joint mission of NASA and the U.S. Geological Survey that provides critical data about Earth's landscapes and coastlines seen from space," said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. "This program has the proven power to not only improve lives but also save lives. NASA will continue to work with USGS to strengthen and improve accessibility to Landsat data so decision makers in America – and around the world – better understand the devastation of the climate crisis, manage agricultural practices, preserve precious resources and respond more effectively to natural disasters."
These first light images shows Detroit, Michigan, with neighboring Lake St. Clair, the intersection of cities and beaches along a changing Florida coastline and images from Navajo Country in Arizona that will add to the wealth of data helping us monitor crop health and manage irrigation water. The new images also provided data about the changing landscapes of the Himalayas in High Mountain Asia and the coastal islands and shorelines of Northern Australia.
Landsat 9 is similar in design to its predecessor, Landsat 8, which was launched in 2013 and remains in orbit, but features several improvements. The new satellite transmits data with higher radiometric resolution back down to Earth, allowing it to detect more subtle differences, especially over darker areas like water or dense forests. For example, Landsat 9 can differentiate more than 16,000 shades of a given wavelength color; Landsat 7, the satellite being replaced, detects only 256 shades. This increased sensitivity will allow Landsat users to see much more subtle changes than ever before.
"First light is a big milestone for Landsat users – it's the first chance to really see the kind of quality that Landsat 9 provides. And they look fantastic," said Jeff Masek NASA's Landsat 9 project scientist at Goddard Space Flight Center. "When we have Landsat 9 operating in coordination with Landsat 8, it's going to be this wealth of data, allowing us to monitor changes to our home planet every eight days."
Landsat 9 carries two instruments that capture imagery: the Operational Land Imager 2 (OLI-2), which detects visible, near-infrared and shortwave-infrared light in nine wavelengths, and the Thermal Infrared Sensor 2 (TIRS-2), which detects thermal radiation in two wavelengths to measure Earth's surface temperatures and its changes.
These instruments will provide Landsat 9 users with essential information about crop health, irrigation use, water quality, wildfire severity, deforestation, glacial retreat, urban expansion, and more.
"The data and images from Landsat 9 are expanding our capability to see how Earth has changed over decades", said Karen St. Germain, Earth Science Division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "In a changing climate, continuous and free access to Landsat data, and the other data in NASA's Earth observing fleet, helps data users, including city planners, farmers and scientists, plan for the future."
NASA's Landsat 9 team is conducting a 100-day check-out period that involves testing the satellite's systems and subsystems and calibrating its instruments in preparation for handing the mission over to USGS in January. USGS will operate Landsat 9 along with Landsat 8, and together the two satellites will collect approximately 1,500 images of Earth's surface every day, covering the globe every eight days.
"The incredible first pictures from the Landsat 9 satellite are a glimpse into the data that will help us make science-based decisions on key issues including water use, wildfire impacts, coral reef degradation, glacier and ice-shelf retreat and tropical deforestation," said USGS Acting Director Dr. David Applegate. "This historic moment is the culmination of our long partnership with NASA on Landsat 9's development, launch and initial operations, which will better support environmental sustainability, climate change resiliency and economic growth – all while expanding an unparalleled record of Earth's changing landscapes."
Landsat 9 data will be available to the public, for free, from USGS's website once the satellite begins normal operations.
NASA manages the Landsat 9 mission development. Teams from NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, also built and tested the TIRS-2 instrument. NASA's Launch Services Program, based at the agency's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, managed the mission's launch. The USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center will operate the mission and manage the ground system, including maintaining the Landsat archive. Ball Aerospace in Boulder, Colorado, built and tested the OLI-2 instrument. United Launch Alliance is the rocket provider for Landsat 9's launch. Northrop Grumman in Gilbert, Arizona, built the Landsat 9 spacecraft, integrated it with instruments, and tested it.
For more information on Landsat 9 and the Landsat program, visit:
https://www.nasa.gov/Landsat9
Tylar Greene
https://ift.tt/2YpRFxX
November 8, 2021 at 12:05AM
Facebook Considering Editorialising Climate Change Posts
Post-Renewables Europe: Coal Prevents Mass Blackouts As Great Wind Drought Continues


ERNEST J. WILSON III is Walter Annenberg Chair in Communication and Dean of the Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism at the University of Southern California. He served on the National Security Council during the Clinton administration and on the transition team for U.S. President Barack Obama. He is the author of Hard Power, Soft Power, Smart Power.
A screengrab of the Google Doodle on France's election day last May.
As California's high-tech firms grew to become economic powerhouses in the American economy, they punched below their weight politically. For the most part, they are not very savvy about the ways of Washington -- they came late to the lobbying game -- and their political strategies were naïve compared with those of old industrial sectors like oil and automobiles.
That seems to be changing. In January, a group of high-tech heavyweights, including Google and Wikipedia, along with less prominent combatants (155,000 Web sites in all) and nonprofits such as Fight for the Future, joined in a massive online blackout to protest the Stop Online Piracy Act (SOPA). Since the bill's introduction in May 2011, a wide mix of representatives from the film, television, music, and publishing industries had been championing SOPA and its sibling, the PROTECT IP Act (PIPA), two pieces of legislation designed to address international theft of copyrighted U.S. intellectual property.
But then something remarkable happened: After Wikipedia and others went dark in protest, petitions circulated, and Silicon Valley CEOs had their say, the other side blinked. Support on Capitol Hill evaporated, and SOPA's lead congressional sponsor, Lamar Smith (R-Tex.), pulled the bill from the floor.
SOPA's defeat has been held up as a triumph for Internet freedom. But in combination with a few earlier examples, including Google's 2010 courageous but lonely stance against the People's Republic of China, it represents something more transformational. January's legislative battle marked the first time the major U.S. tech firms and their friends and followers came together and leveraged their political might like the globalized, information-age colossus that they have been for a long time.


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SOURCE: The Sportsman
On this Day in 1938, Joe Louis and Max Schmeling Went to War
tags: sports, Nazism, Boxing, Joe Louis
After the first fight, Schmeling was generally well-received by Americans but on the eve of the rematch a lot had changed around the world and the anti-Semitic ideologies being broadcast from Hitler and his Third Reich were making many nervous and although it's not what he wanted, Schmeling had become a symbol of Nazi Germany.
The 'Black Uhlan of the Rhine,' as he was nicknamed, was forced into an impossible position and was forced to walk the line between Hitler's pride and maintaining the relationship he'd built with the American public. Although he claimed his support for Adolf after the first fight, he wasn't a member of the Nazi party and had never agreed with their claims of racial superiority.
Schmeling's manager, a Jewish-American named Joe Jacobs caused tension between himself and the Third Reich but Schmeling would always stick by him, despite Hitler's distaste.
When the bell finally rang for the rematch, Joe Louis blitzed Schmeling in just 2 minutes and 4 seconds, making amends on his defeat in devastating fashion. "Now - I feels like the champ" claimed the victor after the bout.
While Louis solidified his status as a bona fide American hero, the story of Schmeling was quite different. He returned to his homeland to find his fame had plummeted and he was quickly disowned by the Nazi Party and Hitler, who were embarrassed that their Aryan symbol had been dispatched so brutally - not that Schmeling was particularly upset about being disassociated with the regime.
"Looking back, I'm almost happy I lost that fight. Just imagine if I would have come back to Germany with a victory. I had nothing to do with the Nazis, but they would have given me a medal. After the war I might have been considered a war criminal" he would later say.
Read entire article at The Sportsman


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Huskies men's soccer recruit eight players
By Trevor Howlett
More from By Trevor Howlett
Published on: May 7, 2013 | Last Updated: May 7, 2013 3:55 PM EDT
The Keyano College Huskies men's soccer team will have a new look this season as head coach Connor Brady has added several recruits to try and get the Huskies their first ever playoff appearance in the ACAC.
Keyano had their best finish in men's soccer last year with a record of 4-4-2, but were just shy of the playoffs.
Some members of the team went on to represent Keyano in ACAC futsal, where Keyano claimed their first ACAC gold in the sport. But for this season, Brady has already added eight players from a variety of backgrounds to help bolster his squad.
The Huskies will add three Brazilian players: outside midfielder Rodrigo Wogel, attacking midfielder Rodrigo Leite and striker Pedro Bianchi. Jamaican leftback Angel Goldson, who played for Trinidad State College in Colorado, will suit up for the Huskies this year and centreback Damien Caputo, who played for Cape Breton University Capers will also join Keyano.
Brady has also recruited a pair of players from London Ont., goalkeeper Luke Arthur and rightback Amar Hamsic, a player with semi-professional experience. At least one local player will be playing with the Huskies this year as well: midfielder Austin Pike.
Brady said his team will play the same style as last year, but now they'll have more depth and have a better presence in the defensive end.
"I think it'll be similar, we're definitely going to try and play the same way," said Brady.
"We got forward very well last year, we just needed to be a little tougher on the back end. That being said, I've gone out and recruited some strong ball-moving defencemen and we're looking to be solid from goal line to goal line this year."
The Huskies men's soccer team will also be trying something a bit different this year, introducing a new mid-summer camp in July. Not all of the new recruits will be at the camp, but there will be a lot of local players. Brady said the camp is good for him to get to scout some potential players and introduce his recruits to the college.
"I'm kind of taking a page of Dwayne Vigilance's book, the (Keyano) girls basketball coach," said Brady. "I just want to identify players that you wouldn't normally see and give them a chance to see the college, meet the coach and see the program. Because at the end of the day, you don't want players here unless they want to be here. So we want to give people the opportunity to experience Keyano College."
Brady said he might have a few more new recruits to announce in the coming weeks.
trevor.howlett@sunmedia.ca
On the road to Fort Chipewyan, warm weather means a loss...


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Address by Minister of State for Europe Michael Roth at the panel discussion at the Federal Foreign Office entitled "The last trials – prosecution of National Socialist crimes"
07.11.2016 - Speech
Mr Schwarzbaum,
Mr Walther,
Dr Hördler,
Dr Jasch,
"Last chance for Nazi investigators", "The last remaining handful in their sights", "Probably the last National Socialist trial in Germany", "A cog in the machine", "Auschwitz Survivors, in Their 90s, Urge Germany to Act on War Crimes Case" – these were headlines in newspapers around the world in the summer of this year. On 17 June, the Detmold Regional Court reached its verdict against 94-year-old Reinhold Hanning, who served as an SS guard in Auschwitz from 1943 to 1944. He was found guilty of complicity in murder in at least 170,000 cases and handed a five-year sentence of imprisonment. And he is not the only defendant to be tried, so many years later, for crimes committed during the Second World War.
I would like to take this opportunity to pay special tribute to dedicated eyewitnesses and joint plaintiffs – such as yourself, Mr Schwarzbaum. I am delighted that you are with us here today.
It is largely thanks to you, Mr Walther, that these trials have taken place at all. As an investigator at the Central Office of the Land Judicial Authorities for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes in Ludwigsburg, you launched investigations into John Demjanjuk, an SS guard in Sobibor, early on. You were persistent, trawled painstakingly through all of the investigative files and searched for new evidence until, finally, the case was brought before the Munich Regional Court. For the first time in decades, this trial resulted in a verdict being returned in 2011 by a court in Germany against an SS concentration camp guard. Since the 1969 ruling of the Federal Court of Justice, only those who were specifically complicit in the execution of the predicate offence – i.e. murder at a concentration camp – were liable for prosecution.
You contested this decision by Germany's highest court with courage and determination. And you were successful, as the court ruled that Demjanjuk was "part of the machinery of destruction". All of the volunteers were, at all times, fully aware of what was happening in the camps as people were taken there solely to be murdered, the court found. Everyone who was involved in this systematic murder, the court continued, was guilty – even if, such as in Mr Demjanjuk's case, there was no evidence that they had committed a specific crime.
Even though the judgement never became legally binding owing to John Demjanjuk's death, it was the catalyst for many changes. This trial made it possible to open investigations and charge defendants who worked in concentration camps with complicity in murder. Investigations into 30 surviving guards were then commenced; cases against 24 of these defendants have since been closed, however.
Last summer, the Lüneburg Regional Court handed former SS accountant Oskar Gröning a sentence of imprisonment for complicity in murder in 300,000 cases at the Auschwitz-Birkenau concentration camp. His defence council has appealed against this verdict – we are still awaiting the Federal Court of Justice's decision.
I am sure that many of you have, at one time or another, been asked whether these trials are still really necessary today – 71 years after the end of the Second World War. Both the accused and the victims are extremely elderly, and the trials are immensely taxing for both sides. In the majority of cases, trials are no longer possible at all as the potential defendants are either no longer alive or unfit to stand trial.
My answer to this is clear: yes, they are necessary!
And I am by no means alone in holding this view. The Ministers of Justice of the federal states agreed at their meeting in Stuttgart last year that an end to this investigative work is "currently not in sight". Jens Rommel, head of the Central Office in Ludwigsburg, confirms this assessment, and I quote: "We have been able to submit increasing numbers of cases, especially against former concentration camp guards, to the public prosecution offices in recent years. This proves that the judicial system is able, even today, to prosecute cases of murder committed by the National Socialist regime".
While these trials are a race against time, they nevertheless mean a great deal to the survivors and the relatives of the victims. They are a clear reminder that, even 71 years after the end of the war, these crimes must be brought out of the shadows. Perpetrators who are not so-called major war criminals must also be tried before the courts.
These trials are followed closely throughout the world – staff members at our missions abroad will be able to confirm this, as will you, Mr Walther, since you are still searching for witnesses and joint plaintiffs for ongoing trials.
And you, Mr Schwarzbaum, are giving the victims a face today by appearing as a joint plaintiff. Thank you for taking on this ordeal!
And even if many trials have to be closed or do not get off the ground, we have a duty to investigate crimes to the best of our abilities. We owe this to the victims.
Fritz Bauer, who, in his capacity as Attorney General of my home state of Hesse, worked with devotion to help open up the Auschwitz trials in 1963, had the following to say about our relationship with the past:
"Coming to terms with our past is about standing trial ourselves, for the dangerous factors of our history, and, ultimately, for everything that was inhumane here; this gives rise at the same time to a commitment to genuinely human values in the past and present."
The way in which we approach our past ultimately determines how our society will preserve respect, tolerance and humanity also in the future.
This is why we must never leave these crimes unpunished. This is the only way for us to combat extremism in all of its forms in a credible way today – with both the force of the law and preventive education. This is the only way for us to tackle hate speech today – and especially on the Internet. And only then will we be able to call for tolerance for those who think and speak differently, as well as for those with different beliefs, appearances and sexual orientations.
The Weimar Triangle: building bridges for Europe
Minister of State for Europe Michael Roth


Have a laugh with the girls on your hen weekend in Lincoln!
Need some inspiration on how to keep all the girls entertained when they're not in the bars, pubs and clubs on your hen weekend? We've got just the thing! From the culture vultures to the party princesses, everyone will love getting involved in the Lincoln Big Hen Hunt. We know sightseeing can be a bore for those who don't find it interesting, so we've put a twist on it with this sightseeing come scavenger hunt around the glorious market town of Lincoln!
Lincoln boasts a load of beautiful places to set your eyes on during your hen do. Take in the stunning 11th century Lincoln Cathedral with it's towering spires and stunning interior, head over to the Lincoln Castle and get selfies in front of Lincoln's Medieval Bishop's Palace. But when you're sightseeing you'll see so much more than that. If you've never been on a night out here before, it's the perfect opportunity to do a recce of all the bars, pubs and clubs of Bailgate, Brayford Pool and the city centre. Simple!
How's it work? We've put together a brilliant, digital scavenger hunt. What you'll need to do is split your hen party up into teams. Each team will need an iOS or Android device with our bespoke app downloaded. You don't need to be a history buff or know anything about the city prior to arriving to take part. The questions on the app are general knowledge and will lead your hen party to iconic locations across the city.
There are photo and video challenges, dance offs and cheeky dares. There's also the chance to add questions about the bride and her future hubs. Get the adrenaline levels pumping, the hen party spirit soaring and break the ice in double quick time. What are you waiting for?


OCALA, Fla. (AP) - Health officials say a yearling filly has died of Eastern equine encephalitis virus near Ocala.
Owner Vivi Serena says the horse started acting oddly in late June and died within two days.
The Ocala Star-Banner (https://bit.ly/1kcFNin ) reports test results confirmed this week that the filly died of the virus. Serena's veterinarian notified Marion County officials of the results.
Since April 22, the local health department has issued four notices of positive tests for the mosquito-borne illness.


My favourite Vinyl purveyor is fast becoming one of my favourite mix curators too. A superb isolatedmix, several within his own mix series, and now a mighty-fine curation for the ever-brilliant Secret Thirteen music and art journal.
Dennis' music straggles between many a haunting and beautiful place. His music can be deep, and at the same time contain some of the most euphoric pieces of ambient you'll ever hear. His mixes mimic his production approach too. Just a scan of the track list and you'll notice this one crosses every path between ambient and techno and you'd be forgiven thinking this was going to go off on some full-speed techno assault with the likes of Plastikman, Basic Channel and Convextion. But Dennis keeps us on the edge; that feeling of falling into the dark only to be pulled straight back out again. Textured pads and atmospheres which his releases are renowned for, are finely balanced with dubby undertones. If you've listened to any of my mixes, you'll know this is my kind of journey.
"'Secret Thirteen Mix 036′ is a sensuous and nebulous musical compilation that fulfills autumn with more nostalgic memories and harmless depression than colorful leaves and rain can bring. The selected music is chivalrous, emotionally powerful and liberal so it should find a straight way to every intellectual music lover's heart".
Use the Official.fm player below to download. View the original post on Secret Thirteen.


text:
Brandon Fugal: Wiki, Bio, Age, Company, Career, Wife, Net Worth, Family
Brandon Fugal: Wiki, Bio, Age, Entrepreneur, Company, Wife, Height, Family, Education, Rich, Weight, Nationality, Children, Latest News, Full Name, Net Worth: Brandon Fugal or Brandy, as his friends call him, is a Celebrity real Estate Developer. He is a very rich and successful business personality and he has also made guest appearances on many popular business-related television shows. He is currently in his 40s and he has achieved a lot in his life. He is also a popular speaker. He is currently working for a company named Colliers. Get to know all about him in the article below.
Brandon Fugal Birth Details
Brandon Fugal Parents & Siblings
Brandon Fugal Education
Brandon Career as a Businessman
Brandon Personal/ Married Life & Children
Brandon Bio, Height, Weight, Profile, Net Worth
Some lesser-known facts about Brandon:
Brandon Fugal came into the world on 1 April 1973 and he is currently 49 years of age as in the year 2022. His original birth name, as given to him by his parents at the time of his birth, is Brandon Daniel Fugal but his friends, family members, and fans call him Brandon Fugal or Brandy. He was born to his parents in Pleasant Grove, Utah, United States and he holds an American nationality since his birth. He had spent much of his childhood in Pleasant Grove, Utah, the United States only. For the people who believe in astrology, his zodiac sign or his birth sign is Aries. He follows Christianity as his only religion and belongs to the White ethnicity.
Talking about his parents, Brandon Fugal has not revealed anything about his parents as of now. He has kept their names and identities private as of now. Looking at him, we can say that he surely is the apple of the eye of his parents and his parents have supported him throughout his life in all the circumstances. The same goes for his siblings.
Talking about his career, he has completed his high school education at Pleasant Grove High School in Utah, United States. He further went on to complete his graduation from Utah Valley University and finally completed his graduation with a Post-Graduate in Business Administration in the year 2004. He was a scholar.
Talking about his career, Brandon Fugal is a popular, successful, and rich All things Commercial Real Estate Developer, American businessman, and entrepreneur. He is currently serving as the chairperson of a company called Colliers which has its headquarters in Utah, United States. His company provides services such as valuation and advisory, tenant representation, real estate management, capital markets, investment services, and also occupier services.
He has a huge fan following on his social media accounts also and he is an inspiration for many young, aspiring and raw entrepreneurs as he is also a public speaker and has been seen on many popular TV shows. He has been a part of his company Colliers since the year 2018. Moreover, he wants to explore his creative side and that's why he is working on an upcoming shoe named "The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch". Talking about his experience, he has represented some of the largest office developments in Utah like RiverPark Corporate Center along with landmark projects such as Thanksgiving Park, Grove Creek Center, Lake Pointe Corporate Centre, Station Park, The Towers at South Towne, The Pointe and many others.
Talking about his personal life, Brandon Fugal is a married family man and the name of his wife Lacey Anne Fugal. We do not know when they tied the knot but we can surely say that they look very adorable together. He is a father to 4 children but their names are not revealed.
Here is the full Bio/Wiki of Brandon Fugal, her/his family/ mother/ father/ brother name, age, height in feet, weight, body measurements, interests/hobbies, boyfriends, girlfriends, husband, wife, spouse, cars, property, bikes, address, email, house, hometown, ethnicity, hometown, birthplace, parents, achievements, phone number, school, his/her Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, earning /income/net worth, birthday, zodiac sign, education, caste, religion, Date Of Birth, Entrepreneur, Company, Height, Family, Education, Rich, Weight, Nationality, Children, Latest News.
Real Name Brandon Daniel Fugal
Nickname Brandy, Brandon Fugal
Profession Businessman, Real Estate Developer, Celebrity
Date of Birth 1 April 1973
Birth Place Pleasant Grove, Utah, United States
Zodiac sign/Sun sign Aries
Hometown Pleasant Grove, Utah, United States
School Pleasant Grove High School
College/University Utah Valley University
Educational Qualification Post-Graduate in Business Administration
Address USA
Hobbies/Interests Travelling, Reading, Meditation
Affairs/Boyfriends/Girlfriends N/A
Husband/Wife/Spouse Lacey Anne Fugal
Children 4 kids
Brandon Fugal has been a part of his company Colliers since the year 2018.
He is a father to 4 children but their names are not revealed.
Brandon Fugal is a big fan of cricket and loves to watch cricket in the stadium with his family.
His original birth name, as given to him by his parents at the time of his birth, is Brandon Daniel Fugal.
He was a scholar in college.
www.colliers.com
Subscribe to us to get the latest updates about Brandon Fugal!


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Schumer to Place Hold on Commerce Nominees Over Steel Probe
Minority leader blames Ross' 'perpetual foot-dragging on critical investigation'
Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer has announced a hold on two Commerce Department nominees. (Tom Williams/CQ Roll Call file photo)
By Niels Lesniewski
Posted October 27, 2017 at 10:31am
Senate Minority Leader Charles E. Schumer said Friday he would not allow quick action on a pair of Trump administration trade policy nominees because of what he called the Commerce Department's slow-walking action against China on its overproduction of steel and aluminum.
"I am deeply frustrated by Secretary [Wilbur] Ross's perpetual foot dragging on this critical investigation, and I was shocked by his recent nonsensical excuse that the Department of Commerce is waiting until after the unrelated Republican tax plan passes to complete these investigations," the New York Democrat said in a statement. "The steel industry has seen a surge of imports since the announcement of these investigations that has already cost jobs."
In an April executive memorandum, President Donald Trump asked Commerce to investigate if foreign-made steel threatens domestic production and national defense readiness. Trump has pledged to boost U.S. steel production and to counter excess steel output by China that has lowered global steel prices.
Schumer made his announcement ahead of Trump's November trip to Asia, which is scheduled to include a visit to China.
The minority leader said he will place a hold on the nominations of Gil Kaplan for undersecretary of Commerce for international trade and Nazakhtar Nikakhtar for assistant secretary of commerce, industry and analysis "until the Commerce Department provides a satisfactory and meaningful response on the progress of the Sec. 232 investigations."
Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 is a rarely used statute that allows the president to take nearly unfettered action to restrict imports on national security grounds.
By announcing a hold, Schumer is notifying senators he would object to an attempt to get the two nominees confirmed by unanimous consent.
Because of the precedent set by the last Democratic Senate majority, Schumer cannot actually block the nominees through a hold with the backing of his caucus and would need Republican votes to block a simple majority for confirmation. It's unclear how much time and effort Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell would invest in these nominations since he has tended to prioritize lifetime appointments to the federal bench instead of executive branch appointments.
As for the Commerce Department nominees, Schumer said in his statement, "I hold these nominees reluctantly, as they could be an asset to the Commerce Department, but this situation is dire and this administration must be sent a clear message that action, not rhetoric, is needed immediately."
Ross initiated two inquiries in April under Section 232, launching the steel investigation April 20, and the aluminum investigation a week later.
Both reports are due in January 2018, since under the statute, Commerce has 270 days from the date an investigation is initiated to produce a detailed case laying out recommendations for the president. Once a report is delivered, the president has 90 days to decide what action to take, if any.
Trump initially wanted both reports submitted in June 2017, but the investigations stalled due to pushback from other federal agencies, including Treasury, State and Defense, concerned that tariffs on imports not only from China but also from several U.S. allies and trading partners would cause economic harm and damage diplomatic relations. Trump was also seeking China's aid in sanctioning North Korea over its ballistic missile program and nuclear ambitions.
Farm and steel manufacturers have cautioned against imposing tariffs on foreign-made steel products, fearing it could cost U.S. jobs and make American agricultural products likely targets of retaliation from angry trading partners.
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Événements

Janvier
 16 et 17 janvier : le congrès à la chefferie du Parti libéral se déroule au Colisée de Québec. Robert Bourassa recueille 843 votes, Claude Wagner 455 et Pierre Laporte 213. Claude Wagner refuse de se rallier au vainqueur.
 21 janvier : Pierre Bourgault annonce sa candidature péquiste dans le comté de Mercier où il fera la lutte à Robert Bourassa.

Février
 6 février : lancement officiel de Loto-Québec à l'occasion du Carnaval de Québec.
 9 février : Lucien Saulnier devient le premier président de la Communauté urbaine de Montréal.
 16 février : Geneviève Bujold est mise en nomination pour l'Oscar de la meilleure actrice dans le film Anne des mille jours où elle interprète le rôle d'Anne Boleyn.
 20 février : Charles Gagnon est libéré sous caution au bout de trois ans et cinq mois de prison.
 24 février : ouverture de la cinquième session de la .
 26 février : Jacques Lanctôt et Pierre Marcil sont arrêtés. La police affirme qu'ils montaient un complot pour l'enlèvement de Moshe Golan, consul d'Israël. Ils sont libérés sous caution.

Mars
 4 mars : le budget en 1970-1971 est estimé  près de 4 milliards de dollars.
 12 mars : Jean-Jacques Bertrand annonce des élections générales pour le 29 avril.
 22 mars : Camil Samson est choisi chef du Ralliement créditiste malgré l'appui de Réal Caouette à Yvon Dupuis.

Avril
 3 avril : Robert Bourassa promet  emplois avant la fin de son premier mandat.
 27 avril : les médias annoncent que 9 camions de la Brink's remplis de valeurs mobilières et gardés par 30 policiers armés ont quitté le siège social de la Trust Royal pour Toronto. C'est le coup de la Brink's.
 29 avril : le PLQ remporte l'élection avec 45 % des votes et 71 des 108 comtés. Le PQ, avec 23 % du vote, n'obtient que 7 comtés. René Lévesque ne réussit pas à se faire réélire de sa circonscription de Laurier où il est battu par le libéral André Marchand. L'Union nationale subit la débandade: 17 % du vote, mais les 17 comtés lui donnent l'opposition officielle. Le Ralliement créditiste, avec 11 % des votes, obtient 11 comtés. Le chef des libéraux Robert Bourassa devient le plus jeune premier ministre de l'histoire du Québec à l'âge de 36 ans.

Mai
 5 mai : René Lévesque annonce qu'il conserve la présidence du PQ. Il confie à Camille Laurin le rôle de chef du parti en Chambre et à Robert Burns celui de leader.
 9 mai : Télé-Métropole télédiffuse en direct le mariage de la chanteuse Chantal Pary et d'André Sylvain, lors de l'émission Jeunesse animée par Pierre Lalonde.
 12 mai :
 Montréal est retenue comme site des Jeux olympiques de 1976.
 le gouvernement Bourassa est assermenté: Robert Bourassa conserve le poste de ministre des Finances. Ses principaux ministres sont Pierre Laporte (Travail et Immigration), Claude Castonguay (Santé et Famille et Bien-être), Jérôme Choquette (Justice et Institutions financières), Gérard D. Lévesque (Affaires intergouvernementales) et Guy Saint-Pierre (Éducation).
 15 mai : Jean Drapeau promet des Jeux sans déficit.
 21 mai : première du film Deux femmes en or, réalisé par Claude Fournier et mettant en vedette Monique Mercure et Louise Turcot.

Juin
 8 juin : première du téléroman Les Berger, diffusé par Télé-Métropole. Cette émission sera l'une des plus regardées au Québec durant les années 1970.
 9 juin : ouverture de la première session de la . L'instauration complète d'une assurance-maladie est annoncée, de même qu'une loi de protection du consommateur.
 18 juin : dans son discours du budget, Bourassa annonce des dépenses de 3.677 milliards de dollars et des revenus de 3.479 milliards de dollars pour 1970-1971.
 24 juin : une bombe explose contre un mur du quartier général du ministère de la Défense à l'occasion de la Saint-Jean. Un fonctionnaire fédéral y perd la vie.
 25 juin : Claude Castonguay dépose son projet de loi 8 sur l'assurance-maladie.

Juillet
 3 juillet : les médecins spécialistes se prononcent contre le projet de loi 8 et refusent de signer une entente avec le gouvernement.
 16 juillet : la loi 21, permettant d'acquérir les terrains pour l'aménagement du parc Forillon, en Gaspésie est votée.

Août
 28 août : Yvon Charbonneau est élu président de la CEQ.

Septembre
 8 septembre : première de la série humoristique Symphorien sur les ondes de Télé-Métropole. L'émission met en vedette Gilles Latulippe, Juliette Huot, Janine Sutto et Fernand Gignac.
 9 septembre :
 Guy Saint-Pierre annonce la création du premier Cégep anglophone, le Cégep John-Abbott.
 naissance officielle de la chaîne d'alimentation Provigo.
 30 septembre : Raymond Garneau devient ministre des Finances.

Octobre
 5 octobre : le diplomate James Richard Cross est enlevé par des membres de la cellule Libération du FLQ. C'est le début de la crise d'octobre.
 7 octobre : l'une des demandes du FLQ est acceptée, soit la diffusion de leur Manifeste à la radio et à la télévision.
 8 octobre : les médecins spécialistes, toujours en désaccord avec la loi 8, votent pour la grève générale.
 10 octobre : Jérôme Choquette refuse les autres exigences du FLQ. Une demi-heure après cette annonce, la cellule Chénier enlève Pierre Laporte en face de sa résidence.
 11 octobre : le gouvernement Bourassa établit ses quartiers à l'Hôtel Queen Elizabeth de Montréal. Le premier ministre se dit prêt à négocier avec le FLQ.
 13 octobre : interview Just watch me de Pierre Trudeau avec des journalistes anglophones.
 14 octobre : une quinzaine de personnalités dont René Lévesque, Claude Ryan, Marcel Pepin, Louis Laberge, Yvon Charbonneau et Alfred Rouleau signent un manifeste appuyant de véritables négociations avec le FLQ. Le soir, des étudiants se réunissent à l'UQAM et appuient les revendications des militants du FLQ.
 15 octobre :
 l'Assemblée nationale adopte une loi spéciale obligeant les médecins spécialistes à rentrer au travail.
 3000 personnes se réunissent au Centre Paul-Sauvé pour écouter Robert Lemieux (l'avocat des felquistes), Pierre Vallières, Charles Gagnon et Michel Chartrand.
 16 octobre : invoquant un état d'"insurrection appréhendée", Ottawa décrète pendant la nuit la vieille loi des Mesures de Guerre, permettant d'effectuer des arrestations sans mandat. En même temps, l'armée canadienne occupe le Québec. Les 8000 hommes envoyés sont surtout concentrés dans la région de Montréal mais, à Québec, des militaires s'installent également sur la colline parlementaire. 450 arrestations sont effectuées. Parmi elles, se trouvent celles de Gérald Godin, Pauline Julien, Gaston Miron, Michel Chartrand, Robert Lemieux, Pierre Vallières et Charles Gagnon. À Ottawa, Jean Marchand déclare que le FLQ serait en possession de 2.000 livres de dynamite, ce qui lui suffirait, selon lui, à faire sauter le centre-ville de Montréal.
 17 octobre : Pierre Laporte est assassiné par la cellule felquiste qui l'avait enlevé. Son corps est retrouvé près de la base militaire de Saint-Hubert dans la voiture qui avait servi à son enlèvement.
 21 octobre : Robert Bourassa annonce que le nouveau pont de Québec portera le nom de pont Pierre-Laporte.
 25 octobre : Jean Drapeau est réélu maire par une majorité écrasante de 92 %. Pendant la campagne électorale, il avait déclaré que le FRAP, le parti adverse, avait des affiliations avec le FLQ.
 29 octobre : Jean Cournoyer, devenu libéral, remplace Pierre Laporte au ministère du Travail et de l'Immigration.

Novembre
  : entrée en vigueur de l'assurance-maladie.
 6 novembre : Bernard Lortie, soupçonné d'avoir participé à l'enlèvement de Pierre Laporte, est arrêté dans un logement de Montréal.
 7 novembre : inauguration du pont Pierre-Laporte.
 10 novembre : la session reprend son cours. Le projet de loi 45 sur la Protection du Consommateur est déposé.
 11 novembre : les médecins spécialistes signent finalement une entente avec Québec.
 15 novembre : inauguration de l'édifice Decelles de HEC Montréal.
 24 novembre : dépôt du projet de loi créant un Conseil du Trésor.

Décembre
 3 décembre : les ravisseurs de James Cross sont cernés dans une résidence de Montréal-Nord. Ils consentent à le libérer contre un sauf-conduit pour Cuba.
 16 décembre : dépôt de la loi brisant le caractère immuable des 17 circonscriptions protégées par la Loi de 1867.
 19 décembre : la session est prorogée.
 28 décembre : Francis Simard, Paul et Jacques Rose, terrés depuis un mois dans un chalet à Saint-Luc, se rendent aux policiers. C'est la fin de la crise d'octobre.

Naissances
 9 Juin - Steven Guilbeault (écologiste)
 9 janvier - Lara Fabian (chanteuse)
 2 février - Michel Charette (acteur, dramaturge et metteur en scène)
 23 février - Marie-Josée Croze (actrice)
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Home > Journal Archive > ABSTRACTS: October 1996
ABSTRACTS: October 1996
of current literature on the platinum metals and their alloys
High-Temperature Creep of Pure Platinum
t. hamada, s.hitomi, y. ikematsu and s. nasu, Mater. Trans. JIM, 1996, 37, (3), 353–358
The creep behaviour of high purity Pt (99.999 mass%) was studied at 1373–1773 K. Pt showed the power-law creep with the stress exponent of the steady state rate being ∼ 6. Recrystallisation to bamboo-type grains from the initial polycrystalline micro-grains was observed. The creep rupture mechanism changed on recrystallisation from grain boundary fracture due to coalescence of the voids to rupture by necking or shear-ing-off. The activation energy for the steady state creep is (3.1 ± 0.3) x 105 J/mol.
Visualization and Analysis of Forced Diffusion of Hydrogen in Palladium by Electrotraneport
m. tamaki, s. hara, i. kondoh1k. yoneda, a. tsuruno and h. kobayashi, Nucl. Instr. Methods Pkys. Res. A, 1996, 377, (1), 166–169
Hydrogen was electrotransported in Pd hydride by an applied electric field to densify H at the cathodic side. The effectiveness of the electrotransportation was studied by neutron radiography. The H:Pd concentration was enhanced to 0.75 ± 0.05 at 395 K, after 100 days using 0.31 MPa H2, which is equivalent to a H2 equilibrium pressure of 100 MPa. The effective number of the electric charge of H in the Pd hydride (β) phase was 0.38 ± 0.08.
Properties and Structures of Cu-16.67Pd and Cu-37.5Pd Alloys
j. mu, Precious Met. (China), 1996, 17, (2), 12–17
Properties and structures of Cu-16.67Pd and Cu-37.5Pd alloys were studied by determining resistance, hardness, thermal analysis, TEM and XRD. The properties of the CuPd alloy were unusual. A Cu3Pd ordered compound with a tetragonal structure was formed after prolonged heat treatment and Cu-37.5Pd was transformed into the b.c.c. phase.
Development of Ir-Base Refractory Superalloys
y. yamabe, y. koizumi, h. murakami, y. ro, t. maruko and h. harada, scr. metall. mater., 1996, 35, (2), 211–215
A new class of Ir-base, refractory superalloys is described, which are alloys with γ-f.c.c. and γ′-L12 coherent structures similar to Ni-base superalloys, but with higher melting points. Ir-15 at.%Nb and Ir-15 at.%Ti refractory superalloys have γ/γ′ coherent two-phase structures, high compressive strengths and enhanced oxidation resistance. Their 0.2% flow stresses at 1800°C were 210-220 MPa, equivalent to those of the strongest W-base refractory alloys.
Patterns of Multiple Additions to Fullerene C70: Isolation and Structural Characterization of [C70{Pt(PPh3)2}4]
a. l. balch, l. hao and m. m. olmstead, Angevi. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl., 1996, 35, (2), 188–190
Addition reactions of Pt(PPh3)2 units to C70 are reported, which involve the successive formation of four adducts [C70{Pt(PPh3)2}], [C70{Pt(PPh3)2}2], [C70{Pt(PPh3)2}3] and [C70{Pt(PPh3)2}4] with the eventual addition of the four Pt atoms in a plane about the fullerene. The stepwise addition Of Pt(PPh3)2 groups occurs first to the most pyramidalised C-C bonds at the poles of the fullerene, with subsequent additions to the adjacent 6–6 ring junctions.
Synthesis and Characterization of Platina-β-diketones
d. steinborn, m. gerisch, k. merzweiler, k. schenzel, k. pelz, h. bÖgel and j. magull, Organometallics, 1996, 15, (10), 2454–2457
H2PtCl6 was reacted with n -butanol to give the but-2-ene complex H[PtCl3(η2-C4H8)] as intermediate. This was further reacted with trimethylsilyl-substi-tuted acetylenes R′C;≡CSiMe3 (R′ = H, Me, SiMe3) with cleavage of the silyl groups to form Pt-β-dike-tones (Pt2(¼-CI)2{(COR)2H}2], R = Me, Et.
Organopalladium and Platinum Complexes of C60 Bearing Isonitrile Ligands
h. nagashima, m. nakazawa, t. furukawa and k. itoh, Chem. Lett. Jpn., 1996, (5), 405–406
Organo Pd or Pt complexes, (η2-C60)M(CNR)2, where M = Pt or Pd, R = 1Bu, 2,6-Me2C6H3,2,4,6-Me3C6H2, cyclohexyl, were prepared from C60Mn, where n ∼ 1, and the corresponding isonitriles. Careful reaction of C60Ptn with CN(2,6-Me2C6H3) yielded 72% of (η2-C60)Pt[CN(2,6-Me2C6H3)]2. This further reacted with additional isonitriles to give (η2-C60)Pt[CN(2,6-Me2C6H3)], in 77% yield.
"Swollen" Macrocycles: Palladium(DI)-Directed Template Syntheses of Pendant-Arm 14-, 16-, and 18-Membered Macrocycles
m. rossignoli, c c. allen, t. w. hambley, g. a. lawrance and m. maeder, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, (17), 4961–4966
Bis(diamine)Pd(H) cations with varying chain lengths undergo condensation reactions with HCHO and nitroethane to produce macromonocycles, where each pair of cis -disposed primary amines is converted to a -NH-CH2-C(CH3)(NO2)-CH2-NH- strap. Use of the Pd(II)-template extends the synthesis to larger ring macrocycles. Increased distortion and a change in geometric isomer occurred with increasing ring size.
Preparation and Characterization of the Dicarbon Cluster Complex Ru5(μ5-C2)(μ-SMe)2(μ-PBu2)2(CO)11
c. j. adams and m. i. bruce, Aust. J. Chem., 1996, 49, (4), 517–520
Bis-tertiary phosphine C2(PBu2)2 (dbpa) was prepared and used to synthesise a Ru5 cluster containing a C2 ligand. Pyrolysis of the Ru carbonyl derivative {Ru3(CO)11}2(μ-dbpa) produced Ru5(μ5-C2PBu2)(μ-PBu2)(CO)13 in 41% overall yield from Ru3(CO)12. Further reaction with Me2S2 gave Ru5(μ5-C2) (μ-SMe)2(μ-PBu2)2(CO)11 in 19% yield.
Kinetics of Oxygen Reduction at IrO2-Coated Titanium Electrode in Alkaline Solution
c-c chang and t.-c. wen, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1996, 143, (5), 1485–1491
Cyclic voltammetry and rotating-disk electrode techniques were used to study O2 reduction at an IrO2-coated Ti electrode fabricated by thermal decomposition. O2 reduction on an electrode in alkaline solutions of pH 10.8-13.8 was catalysed by the Ir(III)/Ir(IV) transition on the IrO2-Coated Ti electrode. In the low polarisation region, O reduction with a Tafel slope of – 40 mV/decade depended on the solution pH and had a reaction order of-2 in OH-. In the high polarisation region, the process was nearly pH independent. Both cases were first order in the dissolved O2 concentration.
The Influence of Acetonitrile and Methanol on the Charge Transport Properties of [Os(bipy)2(PVP)10Cl] Cl Films
d. m. kelly and j. g. vos, Electrochim. Acta, 1996, 41, (11/12), 1825–1832
Addition of acetonitrile or MeOH to aqueous LiClO4 electrolyte solutions greatly changed the electrochemical behaviour of electrodes modified with [Os(bipy)2(PVP)10Cl]Cl films (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; PVP = poly(4-vinylpyridine). The charge transport rate was enhanced 100-fold upon addition of 5-60% of the solvents. Polymer swelling is controlled by organic solvent content, and polymer chain motion becomes the rate limiting process, instead of ion movement.
Hydrogen Production by Water Photolysis Using Nitrilotriacetic Acid as Electron Donor
h. a. f. werner and r. bauer, J. Photochem. Photobiol., A: Chem., 1996, 97, (3), 171–173
H2 was photochemically produced in a system containing Ru(bipy)32+, methyl viologen, colloidal Pt catalyst and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), as sacrificial electron donor. The highest turnover numbers were ∼ 175 for both methyl viologen and Ru(bipy)32+, and > 250 for the Pt catalyst after 4 h irradiation at pH 4.5. Nearly 49% of NTA was oxidised after 6.5 h irradiation. The photochemical behaviours of di-(iminodiacetic) and mono-(aminoacetic) acids were also examined.
Photophysical Properties of (η2-C60)Pd(PPh3)2 Complex in Benzene. Picosecond and Nanosecond Laser Photolysis
n. n. denisov, a. s. lobach and v. a. nadtochenko, Izv. Akad. Nauk, Ser. Khim., 1996, (5), 1163–1166
The spectra of photoexcited (η2-C60)Pd(PPh3)2(1) complexes were studied in benzene by ps and ns laser photolysis, and compared with the photoexcited C60 spectra and charge transfer spectra of electron donor-acceptor complexes between C60 and ternary amines. The relaxation kinetics of excited (1) had three com-ponents with lifetimes τ1 = 43 ps, τ2 = 1500 ps and τ3= 1.17 μs. The fourth level of relaxation is discussed.
Catalytic and Photocatalytic Hydrogenation of Hexanal with Molecular Hydrogen in the Presence OfRhCl(PMe3)2CO
n. k. khannanov, g. n. menchikova and e. a. grigoryan, Kinet. Katal., 1996, 37, (1), 62–64
The Rh complex RhCl(PMe3)2CO was found to catalyse the hydrogenation of hexanal to hexanol at room temperature and H2 pressure of > 50 arm. The reaction occurred during exposure to light of wavelength λ > 340 nm. After 4 h at room temperature, hexanol production reached 30 mole/mole of Rh.
Time-Resolved Luminescence Investigation of the Adsorption of Ru(bpy)32+ onto Antimony-Doped SnO2 Colloidal Particles
w. e. ford, j. m. wessels and m. a. j. rodgers, Langmuir, 1996, 12, (4), 3449–3453
The adsorption of Ru(bpy)32+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) (1) onto negatively charged Sb-doped SnO2 colloidal particles ∼ 4 nm in diameter was monitored by time-resolved luminescence and was found to conform to the Frumkin isotherm. Electron injection from photoexcited (1) into the conduction band of the semiconductor particle resulted in luminescence quenching mainly within the laser pulse when the complex is bound to the particle, but the luminescence of the unbound complex decays with a lifetime of several hundred nanoseconds. The average maximum capacity of each particle for adsorbed (1) determined by the binding data, 29 ± 10, is in agreement with the value obtained by ion exchange, 30 ± 4, but is smaller than predicted for a close-packed monolayer.
Traws-Chromophore-Quencher Complexes Based on Ruthenium(II)
b. j. coe, d. a. friesen, d. w. thompson and t. j. meyer, Inorg. Chem., 1996, 35, (16), 4575–4584
A series of chromophore-quencher complexes (1), trans -tRu(bpy)2(pya)(pyb)]n+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl; pya, pyb = substituted pyridyl ligands; n = 2-4) containing combinations of the electron donor PTZ in py-PTZ (py-PTZ = 10-(4-picolyl)phenothiazine) and the electron acceptors MQ+ (l-memyl-4,4′-bipyridinium cation), etc., is described. At temperatures < 150 K the complexes display MLCT emission. At higher temperatures, visible light irradiation leads to photochemical decomposition, by crossing to a ligand-field state. This is important for the stereochemical design of Ru-based (1).
ELECTRODEPOSITION AND SURFACE COATINGS
Electroless Metal Plating on Carbonaceous Mesophase Spherules
t. teranishl k. takeda, y. yamazaki and m. miyake, Carbon, 1996, 34, (5), 589–594
Pd(NH3)42+ ions (1) were immobilised electrostatically on oxidised carbonaceous mesophase spherules, M6G, at pH 11. PdCl42- ions could not be immobilised. Ni was plated onto oxidised M6G, after immobilisation of 30 wt.% (1), at uniform thickness increasing from 0.8 to 2.0 μm, due to an increase in pH from 7–8 during plating. Cu plating was also performed.
Double Electropolymer Modified Platinum Electrode to Follow the Kinetic Process H2O2 + Ascorbic Acid. Influence of the Reaction on Amperometric Biosensor Applications
i. losrro and c. g. zambonin, J. Elearoanal Chent., 1996, 410, (2), 181–187
The kinetics of ascorbic acid (AA) oxidation by H2O2 was studied on a Pt electrode modified by a polypyr-role/poly(orthophenylenediamine) bilayer membrane at 27°C and pH 7. Under AA:H202 ratios of 1000:1, pseudo-first-order kinetic constant values of 3.26 x 10-3 to 4.10 x 10-3/s were obtained at [AA] = 2 mM and initial [H2O2] = 2 ¼M. The sensitivity and reliability of H2O2 detectors, with AA present, are discussed.
Enzyme Sensors Prepared by Electrodeposition on Platinized Platinum Electrodes
c s. kim and s. m. oh, Electrochint. Acta, 1996, 41, (15), 2433–2439
Platinised Pt(I) (Pt black) electrodes were used as the base electrodes for the immobilisation of glucose oxidase (GOD). The GOD sensors were made by electrodeposition of GOD/bovine serum albumin mixture on (1) and subsequent cross-linking with glutaralde-hyde. The roughness factors and morphologies of the (1) surfaces depended on the platinisation potential (0 to -0.25V). Pt black electrodes plated at more negative potentials gave high current signals to the GOD sensors. Adhesion of O2 bubbles can be greatly suppressed on the hydrophilic Pt surfaces, giving better S:N ratios in the current signals of these enzyme sensors.
Ammonia-Sensing Characteristics of Pt-Doped CdSnO3 Semiconducting Ceramic Sensor
t. zhang, y. shen, r. zhang and x. liu, Mater. Lett., 1996, 27, (4, 5), 161–164
Pt-doped mixtures of α- and β-CdSnO3 exhibited a high sensitivity and selectivity to NH3 gas. Mixtures of different ratios of β:α were obtained by calcining the raw CdSnO3 powder precursor. A 1 wt.% Pt doped mixture with β:α = 2.0 showed a very high sensitivity and selectivity to NH3 gas. At ∼ 240°C, the sensor can detect ppm of NH3 in air, while at higher tem-peratures it can selectively detect LPG or H2.
Current vs Voltage Characteristics of Al-Al2O3-Pd Tunnel Junction Hydrogen Sensor
s. okuyama, k. okuyama, n. takinami, k matsushita and y. kumagai, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1996, 35, (4A), 2266–2270
The conduction mechanism of an Al-Al2O3-Pd MIM (metal-insulator-metal) junction, which can operate as a H2 gas sensor, displayed I-V characteristics that are typical of tunnelling conduction at > 3 V. The barrier height of the Pd-Al2O3 contact obtained from the position of the logarithmic derivative maximum of the current was 3.4 eV in vacuum and decreased to 2.7 eV under 40 Pa H2. The barrier height of the Al-Al2O3 contact was 1.8 eV in vacuum and did not change with increasing H2 pressure.
Iridium-Dispersed Carbon Paste Enzyme Electrodes
j. wang, g. rtvas and m. chicharro, Electroanalysis, 1996, 8, (5), 434–437
An Ir-dispersed C-paste transducer was successful as a very selective first-generation glucose biosensor. The Ir/C particles had excellent electrocatalysis for both reduction and oxidation of H2O2. This allows glucose biosensing at very low operating potentials, without interference. The Ir biocomposite had similar selectivity as its Rh and Ru counterparts and retained die sensing advantages of C paste enzyme electrodes.
Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Based on Fluorescence Quenching of Oxygen-Sensitive Ruthenium Complexes Immobilized in Sol-Gel-Derived Porous Silica Coatings
a. k mcevoy, c m. mcdonagh and b. d. maccratth, Analyst, 1996, 121, (6), 785–788
A sensor for dissolved O based on fluorescent quenching [Ru11tris(4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline)] entrapped in a porous sol-gel SiO2 film is reported. The sol-gel films were prepared by dip-coating onto planar and optical fibre substrates. Surface modification of the sol-gel film enhanced sensor performance. By using organically modified precursors which impart surface hydrophobicity, the quenching response can be increased by a factor > 3.5. A very low detection limit of 6 ppb was determined for the modified films.
HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS
Hydrogenation of Naphthalene with Platinum-Aluminium Borate Catalysts
t.-c. huang and b.-c kang, Chem. Eng. J., 1996, 63, (1), 27–36
Aluminium borate (ABx) supported Pt catalysts were studied for hydrogenation activity using naphthalene dissolved in n -hexadecane to simulate the aromatics in diesel fuels. The aromatic hydrogenation activity of Pt-ABx (1) was higher than that of Pt/88-Al2O3 (2), but its os-decalin selectivity was lower, due to the higher acidity of the ABx support. Addition of B to (2) gave a better aromatic hydrogenation catalyst Pt-Bx-Al2O3, than (1). Hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis activities of (1) increased with a decrease in the A1:B atomic ratio.
Activity of Bifunctional Pt-Dy/Al2O3 Catalysts in Hydrocarbon Reactions
s. cheng, f. u and l. luo, React. Kinet. Catal. Lett., 1996, 57, (1), 119–125
The conversions of n -hexane and methylcyclopentane on 0.5 wt.% Pt-Dy/Al2O3 containing 0.1-1 wt.% Dy were studied on catalysts prepared by co-impregnation of γ-Al2O3 powders with an aqueous solution of H2PtCl6, Dy2O3 and HCl. The n -hexane conversions over Pt-Dy/Al2O3 catalysts were higher than over Pt/Al2O3, but hydrogenolysis activity was unchanged. The dehydrocyclisation of n-hexane to benzene over Pt-Dy/Al2O3 was greater than that of Pt/Al2O3.
Pt-SnAAl2O3 Sol-Gel Catalysts: Catalytic Properties
r. gÓmez, v. bertin, t. lÓpez, i. schifter and g. ferrat, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1996, 109, (1), 55–66
Pt-Sn supported catalysts, containing various amounts of Pt and Sn, were prepared by the sol-gel method by adding tetrabutyltin to a homogeneous solution containing Al tri-sec-butoxide, followed by drying, calcination and impregnation with aqueous H2PtCl6. The catalysts had specific BET areas of ∼ 270 m2/g and Pt dispersions up to 90%, with fewer acidic sites being observed in Sn-Al2O3 sol-gel preparations than in sol-gel Al2O3. The catalysts had 54% lower selectivity to benzene formation and higher selectivity to acetone. High tolerance to thiophene poisoning during n -heptane dehydrocyclisation was also found.
HCN Synthesis by Ammoxidation of Methane and Ethane on Platinum Monoliths
s. s. bharadwaj and l. d. schmidt, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 1996, 35, (5), 1524–1533
HCN synthesis by the ammoxidation of CH4 (1), C2H6 and CH4/C2H6 mixtures in air or O2 at atmospheric pressure on ±-Al2O3 foam monoliths coated with 1–10 wt.% Pt and on Pt-10% Rh gauzes was studied. On Pt monoliths for ammoxidation of (1), HCN yields > 63% were achieved, which is comparable to yields on industrial Pt-10%Rh gauzes. Large improvements in yields were obtained by exposing the catalyst to high temperatures for several hours. Ammoxidation of C2H6 yielded ∼42% HCN on Pt monoliths during HCN synthesis conditions. At richer C2H6 compositions, C2H4 was the dominant product.
Durability of Automotive Pd 3-Way Catalyst Added Ba or La
h. shinjoh, t. suzuki, n. takahashi, k. yokota, m. sugiura and s. matsuura, Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 1996, (5), 433–440
The effects of adding La or Ba to a three-way Pd car catalyst were studied and compared with activities and durabilities of Pa/γ-Al2O3 after ageing in simulated exhaust gases at 600-900°C. Modified catalysts had improved NOx reduction. After ageing at > 800°C, the NOx reduction activities of the PdVBa catalyst were superior to those of Pd/La under reducing conditions, and maintained high NOx reduction, as Ba was more difficult to react with γ-Al2O3 than La.
Development of Supported Thin Palladium Membrane and Application to Enhancement of Propane Aromatization on Ga-Silicate Catalyst
k. kusakabe, s. yokoyama, s. morooka.j.-i. hayashi and h. nagata, Chem. Eng. Sci., 1996, 51, (11), 3027–3032
A high performance thin Pd membrane was formed by Pd acetate sublimation at reduced pressure at 400°C through the macropores of an ±-Al2O3 support tube. H2 permeance and selectivity to N were > 10-6 mol/m2/ s/Pa and 1000, respectively. The membrane was resistant to H embrittlement and poisoning by S and Cl. Ga/SiO2 catalyst was prepared and fitted in a tubular reactor with the Pd membrane. Propane conversion and aromatics selectivity were improved by removal of H.
Promotion Effect of Polymer-Immobilized Neodymium Ions on Catalytic Activity of Ultrafine Palladium Particles
t. teranishi, k. nakata, m. miyake and n. toshima, Chem. Leu. Jpn., 1996, (4), 277–278
Monodispersed ultrafine Pd particles protected by polyacrylate (PA)-Nd3+ complexes had catalytic activity for acrylic acid hydrogenation. The acrylic acid may be concentrated around ultrafine Pd particles by co-ordinating to Nd ions bound to the protecting polymer. A promotion effect was observed for (PA)-pro-tected Pd particles, but not for colloidal dispersions of poly(N -vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)-protected particles.
Design of a Novel Pd Three-Way Catalyst: Integration of Catalytic Functions in Three Dimensions
z. hu, c z. wan, y. k. lui, j. dettling and j. j. steger, Catal. Today, 1996, 30, (1–3), 83–89
Pd catalysts for three-way conversion of HC/CO/NO were studied using simulated auto exhaust gas at 423–823 K. When CeO2 was introduced into the Pd catalysts, NO conversion at ∼ 600 K was reduced, while NO conversion at ∼ 770 K increased. An integrated Pd-only catalyst washcoat was designed, consisting of a top Pd and a bottom Pd-Ce layer, to maximise HC/CO/NO performance. Engine and vehicle evaluation showed that this catalyst, which integrates Pd sites and O2 storage components in three dimensions, has superior three-way performance.
Synthesis of Ru, Rh and Pd Complexes Immobilized on Modified Supports. Investigation of the Hydrogenation of Cinnamaldehyde
v. isaeva, a. derouault and j. barrault, Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr., 1996, 133, (4), 351–357
Cinnamaldehyde was hydrogenated over complexes, such as Rh2(O2CCH3)4 (1), Ru2(O2CCH3)4 (2), Pd(NH3)4Cl2, PdCl2 or Ru2(O2CCH3)4, immobilised on modified supports, such as SiO2 gels or resins. The selectivity to unsaturated alcohol was improved by using weak base supports containing aliphatic or heterocyclic amino groups; immobilised (2) was the best. Immobilised (1) catalysed C=C bond hydrogenation.
CO2 Hydrogenation to Ethanol over Promoted Rh/SiO2 Catalysts
h. kusama, k. okabe, k. sayama and h. arakawa, Catal. Today, 1996, 28, (3), 261–266
Hydrogenation of CO2 to EtOH was performed over Rh/SiO2 based catalysts promoted with various metal oxides, Li salts had the most prominent effect on EtOH formation. Under optimised reaction condi-tions, the highest EtOH selectivity obtained over Rh-Li/SiO2 was 15.5% with a CO2 conversion of 7.0% at 5 MPa and 513 K in a flow OfH2-CO2 premixed gas with a flow-rate of 100 cm3. In-situ FT-IR studies suggest that CO2 was hydrogenated to EtOH via CO intermediate(s).
Catalytic Activity of Perovskite-Type La0.8JiSr0.2M1-2yCuyRuyO3 (M = Al, Mn, Fe, Co) for CO Oxidation and NO-CO Reactions. Influence of the Simultaneous Substitution of Cu and Ru
y. teraoka, h. nil, s. kagawa, k. jansson and m. nygren, Chem. Lett. Jpn., 1996, (4), 323–324
The catalytic activity of the ABO3 perovskite-type title compound for CO oxidation and NO-CO reactions was greatly changed by the simultaneous substitution of Cu and Ru for M at the B sites. The effect was dependent on the host M cations. The simultaneous incorporation of Cu and Ru gave a very active catalyst Lao0.8Sr0.2Al0.8Ru0.1O3 (1) for both CO-NO and CO-O2 reactions, at a substitution level (y-value) of 0.1. The activity of (1) was comparable to that of 0.5 wt.% Pt/Al2O3, or La0.8Sr0.2CoO3, which is one of the most active perovskite catalysts.
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
An Improved Synthesis of 1,4-cis,exo -Hexa-or Tetrahydromethano- or -ethanobiphenylene Derivatives Catalyzed by Palladium Complexes
m. catellani and l. ferioli, Synthesis, 1996, (6), 769–772
A direct method for the preparation of exo-disubsti-tuted benzocyclobutenes based on the use OfK2CO3 in DMF in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 catalyst is reported. The reaction, performed at 105°C for 12-24 h, with a Pd(PPh3)4:substrate:K2CO3 molar ratio = 1:20:24 gave good to excellent yields, particularly when ortho -substituents were present in the aromatic ring. The exo orientation of the cycloaliphatic substituents on the cyclobutene ring was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic measurements.
Allylic Alkylation with a Supported Aqueous Phase Palladium Catalyst
p. schneider, f. quignard, a. choplin and d. sinou, New J Chem., 1996, 20, (5), 545–547
The allylic alkylation of (E)-Cinnamyl ethyl carbonate was catalysed by SiO2 supported aqueous phase Pd/tppts, where tppts is P(C6H4-m -SO3Na)3. The water soluble catalyst was prepared in situ from Pd(OAc)2 and tppts. The stability of the complex and the absence of metal leaching allowed easy catalyst recycling.
Highly Stereoselective Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Captodative Olefins Acetylvinyl Arenecarboxylates
l. villar, j. p. bullock, m. m. khan, a. nagarajan, rw. bates, s. g. bott, g. zepeda, f. delgado and j. tamariz, J Organomeu Chem., 1996, 517, (1–2), 9–17
The reaction of the captodative olefin 3-(p -nitroben-zoyloxy)-3-buten-2-one with aryl and vinyl halides was catalysed by (Ph3P)2PdCl2 to give coupled products 4-aryl- and 4-vinyl-3-(p -nitrobenzoyloxy)-3-buten-2-ones, respectively, with high Z stereoselectivity. Catalytic cross-coupling alkylation, phenylation and vinylation with trialkylorganostannanes and bromo olefin (Z)-4-bromo-3-(p -nitrobenzoyloxy)-3-buten-2-one) gave the corresponding trisubstituted alkenes.
Transition Metal Complexes of Diazenes XXXVI. [la] : Formation of Indoles from Azobenzene and Diphenylacetylene through Supported Aqueous Phase Catalysis by Rhodium(I) Complexes
s. westernacher and h. kisch, Monatsh. Chem., 1996, 127, (5), 469–73
The addition of diphenylacetylene to azobenzene was catalysed by Rh(I) trisulphonated triphenylphosphine supported on SiO2, in refluxing butanol in the presence of triphenylphosphine to give AT-anilino-2,3-diphenylindole and 2,3-diphenylindole with turnover numbers of 80 and 20, respectively. This supported aqueous phase system retained a constant turnover frequency throughout the reaction and could be partially recycled.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehyde under Water-Gas Shift Reaction Conditions: Formation of Novel Tricyclic Lactones
t. sugioka, s.-w. zhang, n. morii, t. joh and s. takahashl, Chem. Lett. Jpn., 1996, (4), 249–250
A tricyclic lactone was prepared by the carbonylation of 2-alkynylbenzaldehyde under water-gas shift reaction conditions in the presence OfRh6(CO)16 in a chloroform solvent. The lactone was the major product with ≤ 59% yield. The reactions of 2-phenylethynyl-benzaldehyde derivatives with a substituent at the 4-position of the phenyl group gave the corresponding tricyclic products in 54% and 44% yields.
Hydrogenation of Organic Substrates by Isocyanide Polymer-Bound Rh(PPh3)3Cl
r. giannandrea, p. mastrorilli, g. zaccaria and c. f. nobile, J. Mol. Catal. A: Chem., 1996, 109, (2), 113–117
Isocyanide polymer-bound Rh(PPh3)3Cl was prepared by quantitative co-ordination to hydrophilic macro-molecular isocyanides. The organic support was obtained by copolymerisation of 3-isocyanopropyl acrylate with oxytriethylene glycol methacrylate, in the presence of methylene glycol dimethacrylate as cross-linker. At 50°C under 1 arm H2, the complex became a versatile and recyclable catalyst for the hydrogenation of alkenes, alkynes, nitriles and nitrocompounds.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Allylic Substitution of AUylic Cyclic Carbonates
s.-k. rang, d.-y. kim, r.-k. hong and p.-s. ho, Synth. Commun., 1996, 26, (17), 3225–3235
(E)-Allylic alcohol and erythro -β-hydtoxy thiophe-noxide or phenoxide were prepared by allylic substitution of allylic cyclic carbonates with PhSH or PhOH, respectively, in the presence of CpRu(PPh3)2Cl (5 mol%), via external attack of nucleophiles to π;-allyl Ru complex. For the methyl-substituted allylic cyclic carbonate, only β-hydroxy sulphide was obtained after refluxing for 48 h, which indicated that the substitution reaction was very sensitive to steric effects.
Ruthenium-Catalyzed cis-Dihydroxylation of Alkenes: Scope and Limitations
t. k. m. shing, e. k. w. tam, v. w.-f. tai, i. h. f. chung and q.jiang, Chem. Eur. J., 1996, 2, (1), 50–57
Oxidative Ru-catalysed dihydroxylation of a wide range of alkenes with EtOAc or CCl4, acetonitrile, and H2O in the ratio 3:3:1, or with acetonitrile and H2O in the ratio 6:1 in the presence of 0.07 mol equiv. of RuCl3. (H2O)3 and 1.5 mol. equiv. OfNaIO4, at 0-5°C gave syn-diols rapidly and efficiently. With substrates containing electron-withdrawing group (s), the reactions were slower but gave better yields. Cyclohexene derivatives had better diastereoselectivities for syn -dihydroxylation anti to the existing a-stereogenic centre than acyclic alkenes.
Catalytic Activities of New Arsine-Dihydrido Ruthenium(II) Complexes in the Homogeneous Hydrogenation of Aldehyde
j.-y. kim, m.-j. jun and w.-y. lee, Polyhedron, 1996, 15, (21), 3787–3793
A number of arsine-dihydrido Ru(II) complexes, [RuH2(CO)(AsPh3)3] (1) and [RuH2(CO) (AsPh1) (L-L)], where L-L = diars (2), arphos (3), diphos (4), were prepared. Their catalytic activities for the hydrogenation of propionaldehyde to yield propan-l-ol were studied at 130°C and 30 arm H2, and compared with the catalytic activity of [RuH2(CO)(PPh3)3] (5). Complexes with a chelate ring had higher catalytic activities than (1). The catalytic activities decreased in the order: (4) > (3) > (2) > (5) > (1).
Development and Electrochemical Studies of Cas Diffusion Electrodes for Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
v. a. paganin, e. a. ticianelli and e. r. gonzalez, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1996, 26, (3), 297–304
Low catalyst loading gas diffusion electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells were studied electrochemi-cally. The best performance was obtained with an electrode formed from 20 wt.% Pt/C, 0.4 mg Pt/cm2 and 1.1 mg Nafion /cm2 in the catalyst layer and 15% PTFE in a 50 μm thick diffusion layer. Optimum operating conditions for PEFC occurred at a cell temperature of 80°C and H and O/air humidifiers at 15 and 5°C above the cell temperature, respectively.
Conversion of Methane to Synthesis Gas over Pt Electrode in a Cell with Solid Oxide Electrolyte
v. v. gal'vita, v. d. belyaev, v. n. parmon and v. a. sobyanin, Catal. Lett., 1996, 39, (3, 4), 209–211
Electrochemical oxidation of CH4 to syngas was studied over a Pt electrode-catalyst in a SOFC at 800°C with a solid oxygen conducting electrolyte, such as yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ). The Pt electrode was found to be active for the partial oxidation of CH4 to syngas. CO selectivity and yields of 85 and 65%, respectively, were obtained. The Pt electrodes, porous and of thickness ∼ 10 μm, were prepared by calcination of a Pt paste, containing 5 wt.% of YSZ in air at 950°C. For stable electrochemical characteristics, the electrodes were pretreated with both the anodic and cathodic current in air at 850°C for 20 h.
Electroplated, High Hc CoPt Films: ÓM Magneto-Optical Measurements
l. callegaro, e. puppin, p. l. cavallotti and g. zangari, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 1996, 155, (1–3), 190–192
Co-rich CoPt and CoPtP alloy thin films were obtained by electrodeposition. Adding a P compound to the electrolyte for CoPt deposition resulted in P code-position and improved the hard magnetic properties of the film, giving coercive forces ≤ 5500 Oe. Óm curves, to characterise interactions in ferromagnetic material, revealed exchange coupling in CoPt, but mainly magnetostatic interactions in CoPtP films.
Excellent Au/Ge/Pd Ohmic Contacts to n-Type GaAs Using Mo/Ti as the Diffusion Barrier
c.-y. chai, j.-a. huang, y.-l. lai, j.-w. wu, c.-y. chang, y.-j. chan and h.-c cheng, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys., 1996, 35, (4A), 2110–2111
The Au/Ge/Pd ohmic metallisation system on n-type GaAs is significantly improved by using an additional Mo/Ti bi-layer as the diffusion barrier. Optimum conditions were achieved in the annealing temperature range of 325–400°C for 60 s. The minimum specific contact resistivity achievable was 1.2 x 10-7 Ω cm2. The improvements are attributed to the effective retardation of As-outdiffusion by the Mo/Ti barrier.
Ohmic Contacts to re-Type GaN Using Pd/Al Metallization
a. t. ping, m. asif khan and i. adesida, J. Electron. Mater., 1996, 25, (5), 819–824
Ohmic contacts to n -type GaN grown by metalor-ganic CVD were formed using a Pd/Al based metallisation. As-deposited Pd/Al produced rectifying contacts while subsequent annealing at ≥ 400°C produced ohmic contacts; contact resistance decreased with decreasing Pd interlayer thickness. A minimum contact resistance and specific contact resistance of 0.9 Ω mm and 1.2 x 10-5 Ωcm2, respectively, were obtained after rapid thermal annealing at 650°C for 30 s.