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Valiant Promotes Heather Antos & Lysa Hawkins to Senior Editors
by First Comics News on March 11, 2020 Valiant Promotes Heather Antos & Lysa Hawkins to Senior Editors2020-03-11T13:50:13-07:00 - News
March 11th, 2020 (New York, NY) – Valiant Entertainment is incredibly proud to announce that HEATHER ANTOS and LYSA HAWKINS have been promoted to Senior Editors!
As Senior Editors, Heather and Lysa will play key roles in managing the Editorial Department, crafting the future of the Valiant Universe, overseeing relationships with comic book creators, and much more. Lysa and Heather both have extensive and acclaimed careers in the comic book industry and have been influential in the return of many fan-favorite Valiant characters while also establishing completely original properties that explore new areas of the Valiant Universe.
Heather says Valiant Entertainment is unlike any other publisher she has worked with. "Valiant has allowed editorial to break tradition and the mold in some very exciting ways, and I could not be more thrilled to be taking on this new role alongside my friend and colleague Lysa." Heather adds that the two have ambitious plans for Valiant's future. "Together our goal is to push and lead Valiant creative further than ever before with new stories, new characters, and of course, new talent from the industry's brightest and best. 2020 is the Year of Heroes, and this is only just the beginning."
Lysa is thrilled to continue building captivating stories with iconic Valiant heroes while also establishing brand-new characters and teams. "I'm super excited about the opportunity to be part of the ever-expanding and amazing Valiant Universe. I am incredibly blessed to have Heather as my co-pilot, and between us, we know just about everyone in comics." Lysa expanded on their dynamic, saying the quality of Valiant's comics will reach new heights as the two continue to offer a fresh and engaging approach to the Valiant Universe. "We complement each other very well, and that is evident in the great comics we produce. I am very grateful to be able to help forge a bigger and brighter chapter in Valiant. So, keep reading and stay Valiant!"
Publisher FRED PIERCE has the utmost confidence in their vision for Valiant. "Lysa and Heather will continue to be excellent architects of the Valiant Universe. They've done terrific work bringing back our iconic characters and also creating new ones. It'll be exciting for the Valiant fans to get their hands on these new comics."
Lysa is currently editing the action-packed BLOODSHOT, the critically-acclaimed RAI, and working on multiple titles that have yet to be revealed. Heather is currently editing the hit comedy series QUANTUM & WOODY, as well as the upcoming titles THE FINAL WITNESS, X-O MANOWAR, SHADOWMAN, and another fan-favorite franchise that will be announced later this year.
https://www.firstcomicsnews.com/valiant-promotes-heather-antos-lysa-hawkins-to-senior-editors/https://www.firstcomicsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Valiant-logo-600x257.pnghttps://www.firstcomicsnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Valiant-logo-150x64.png 2020-03-11T13:50:13-07:00 First Comics NewsNewsantos,editors,hawkins,heather,promotes,senior,Valiant
March 11th, 2020 (New York, NY) – Valiant Entertainment is incredibly proud to announce that HEATHER ANTOS and LYSA HAWKINS have been promoted to Senior Editors! As Senior Editors, Heather and Lysa will play key roles in managing the Editorial Department, crafting the future of the Valiant Universe, overseeing relationships with comic...
antoseditorshawkinsheatherpromotesseniorValiant
OUT TOMORROW: THE VALIANT 2020 FCBD SPECIAL ISSUE
Wayne's Worlds: Have Exclusive Contracts Gone Away?
VALIANT ENTERTAINMENT ANNOUNCES VIRTUAL PORTFOLIO REVIEW PROGRAM
DR. SEUSS ENTERPRISES ELEVATES SHANNON SPISAK TO SENIOR DIRECTOR OF GLOBAL MARKETING & COMMUNICATIONS AND JENNA MARSON TO MANAGER OF GLOBAL MARKETING & LICENSING
VALIANT ENTERTAINMENT SEPTEMBER 2020 SOLICITATIONS
Walking down Night Streets with Mark Bloodworth


While being on-board, I actually realized that Deccan Odyssey is not just a luxury train but the other name for experiencing an opulent living. In this journey of 7 nights/8days, I got to visit some of the most amazing destinations such as Mumbai, Sindhudurg, Goa, Vasco, Kolhapur, Aurangabad, Ajanta and Nashik. The Deccan Odyssey itinerary takes you on a ride of the Deccan and Konkan region in Maharashtra.
The train departed from Chratrapati Shivaji Train terminus, Mumbai in the evening for Sindhudurg and we were served dinner at night. The day was booked for sightseeing in and around it where we visited Sindhudurg Fort and Tarkali resort.
Then we explored Dhamapur village where there are temples of Bhagwati and Sateri devi. Then at night we proceeded towards Goa whose sightseeing was booked for Day 3.
Here, we visited St. Augustine Church, Basilica of Bom Jesus Church, Fontanhas Latin Quarters and so on. In the evening, we were transferred to a beach resort to view a cultural performance. The next day we went to visit Mangesh temple and Safa Masjid. Then we went to the Sahakari Spice farm at Ponda after which we went to Menzes Braganza house, a heritage house.
At night, we covered the night journey to reach Kolhapur where we spent day 5 visiting Shalini Palace, New Palace, and Mahalaxmi temple. We also went for shopping at Handicraft Stall.
On the same day, our train journey to Aurangabad started where we reached the next day. Here, On the 6th day, we went on a tour of Daulatabad fort and Ellora caves. Later, we visited Bibi ka Makbara and then shopped a little in the market. On the 7th day, we reached Ajanta-Nashik where we visited Ajanta Caves which is a world Heritage Monument.
Later we were transferred to Nashik where we explored Panchwati ghats and some ancient temples, which took us back in time. Thereafter, we returned to the train to have a leisurely dinner and our last night's train journey.
The last day that is 8 days, we had our last delectable breakfast and landed back on Mumbai CST with the fond memories of the luxurious train journey filled with some 'never-before' kind of experiences.


Decrease pollution from fossil fuel based engines. How can we promote electric cars and the generation of power from solar. Car populaton increases day by day and is here for to stay. New solar technologies gives a green source of power.
Many countries have a taken long strides. Incentives are helping with the initial high cost.
Its the infrastructure which is holding up the proliferation of electric cars. This needs to be pushed by a public initiative.
There are alternative green source like hydrogen. But solar is more sustainable with zero total emissions.


Do you repair forks, handle bars, seat posts and other components?
Usually forks and handle bars are not repaired because of the safety / liability aspects. However if the damage is non-structural, repairs are possible. Seat posts are a good candidates for repair as often they are frame specific.


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X'S GET THE WIN ON "GUARANTEED WIN NIGHT"
The Sioux City Explorers closed the Quebec series on a high note Sunday night, winning with a score of 4-2 over the Quebec Capitales.
Starting pitching was commendable for both ball-clubs with neither team scoring a run until the bottom of the 5th. In the fifth, X's shortstop Noah Perio Jr had an inning to remember. Perio started off with a one out single, then advanced to second on an error (forced by Perio), stole third base, and then scored from third on a sacrifice fly to centerfield by Matty Johnson.
In the seventh, the X's started off the inning with a lead-off walk by catcher Matt Koch. Noah Perio Jr hit another single to move Koch to second with no one out. The bases would then become loaded during the next at-bat on a sac-bunt laid down by Matty Johnson, who would wind up reaching first on the sacrifice do to an error by the pitcher. Right-fielder Michael Lang hit a sac-fly to right field with the bases loaded to score the X's first run in the inning. First-baseman Rene Tosoni scored the second on another sac-fly to center that scored Perio from third. Sioux City would go on to score one more run that inning to put them up 4-0.
The Capitales didn't score their first run until the eighth, when Tyler Young hit an opposite field solo home run to left to start the inning. With the Explorers leading 4-1 heading into the ninth, it was time for X's closer Jose Flores to close out the night. Flores did in fact get the save, but struggled. He gave up three hits and also walked in a run. The Explorers finished the series strong, winning 4-2 over the Quebec Capitales.
Explorers right-hander Jeff Marquez (2-0) was accredited with the win. He went seven innings, allowing no runs on four hits, two walks, while striking out four. Lefty Derrick Penilla (0-2) was charged with the loss, going 5.1 innings, allowing one run (unearned), on seven hits while striking out two.
Sioux City had three hitters finishing the night with two hits. Tommy Mendonca and Michael Lang both went 2 for 3, while Noah Perio Jr finished with two hits, two runs and a stolen base. Quebec had two batters with two hits or more. Tanner Rust went 2 for 3 and Tyler Young had a big 3 for 5 night with a solo homer.
The Sioux City Explorers will take on the Kansas City T-Bones in a three game series that begins on Monday at Lewis and Clark Park. For 2015 ticket information at Lewis and Clark Park, call (712) 277-WINS or visit the X's website at www.xsbaseball.com

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The primary purpose of the Whitefish Community Library facility is to provide a quiet study and work space; an opportunity to browse and check out materials; and the availability of computers.
Although specia levents are welcome on adjacent property, they must be planned to minimize disruption and inconvenience for users of the library. Concerns may include, but are not limited to: courier service, parking, restrooms and noise. Consideration must be made for the hours of operation of the WCL and use of the dedicated 2-hour library parking area. Adequate restrooms facilities and trash receptacles must be provided by the applicant.
Once an application has been received by the City of Whitefish the City may require the applicant to secure a letter of support from the WCL Trustees. lf so, the applicant must submit a written request to the Whitefish Community Library Board of Trustees for review, outlining their event. The applicant may be invited to a Board meeting for further discussion or clarification. The Board will notifiy the applicant within one month if the request is approved. lf the request is approved, library staff may be able to provide support to make the event run smoothly.


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Effect of Human Activities on the Environment
By Jonas Martonas
How Does the Release of Car Exhaust Fumes Cause Global Warming?
How Does Electricity Affect the Environment?
Does Water Pollution Threaten Seahorses?
Natural Disasters & Pollution
Short-Term & Long-Term Effects of Chemical Pollution
Humans impact the environment in several ways. Common effects include decreased water quality, increased pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of natural resources and contribution to global climate change. Some of these are the direct result of human activities, whereas others are secondary effects that are part of a series of actions and reactions.
One of the biggest impacts humans have on aquatic systems is excess nutrient inputs. Nutrients, like nitrogen and phosphorus, are essential to the health and survival of aquatic plants and animals. However, humans introduce large quantities of nutrients, primarily through overuse of fertilizers. Too many nutrients can rapidly reduce water quality by causing overgrowth of certain bacteria and algae that use the oxygen necessary for other species to survive. Even more problematic is that these nutrients can be transported downstream to other streams, rivers and bays. Therefore, nutrients can reduce water quality in places far removed from where they were first introduced.
The majority of air pollution is the result of human activities. For example, increased fossil fuel combustion from motor vehicles, industrial factories and power plants all pump large quantities of air pollutants, such as carbon monoxide, ozone and nitrous oxides, into the atmosphere. Other air pollutants, such as lead-based compounds, can lead to serious health effects like cancer, or other types of reproductive effects and birth defects.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, human activities are largely responsible for an increase in temperature around the globe, primarily due to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions. This increase in temperature is leading to changes in where crops can grow and where certain fish or animals can be found, all vital for feeding an increasing human population. The rise in global temperatures is also causing glaciers to melt, releasing water that causes sea levels to rise and threaten coastal communities and economies that rely on coastal resources.
There are several simple things that people can do on a daily basis to minimize their impact on the environment. For example, taking public transportation, biking or walking instead of driving will reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Reducing the amount of fertilizer applied to lawns, gardens and vegetables will lessen the likelihood of water pollution nearby, which is also beneficial for drinking water and human health. Using less energy in the home can lessen the amount of pollution put into the air by coal burning power plants. Any activity which reduces water and energy consumption can lead to positive impacts on our environment.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Nutrient Pollution
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: About Air Toxics
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency: Climate Change Basics
Jonas Martonas has loved and studied the environment for more than 10 years. He has seven years of experience in evaluating and preparing technical reports for various government agencies. Martonas has been the primary author on hundreds of government technical reports and has been published on various websites. He holds a Master of Science in environmental science.
How Does the Physical Geography of a Place Affect Human Life?
Environmental Pollution Caused by Factories
Do Blizzards Affect the Environment?
Ecological Concerns That Affect the Tundra
How Does Water Pollution Affect a Plant's Life Cycle?
Which of Man's Activities Speeds Up Erosion?
Does Burning Trash Hurt the Ozone?
What Are the Causes of High Nitrates & Nitrites in Wastewater?
Two Activities Humans Do That Increase the Chance of Flooding
1 How Does the Physical Geography of a Place Affect Human Life?
2 Environmental Pollution Caused by Factories
3 Do Blizzards Affect the Environment?
4 Ecological Concerns That Affect the Tundra


Each school has its unique mode of dressing for all students. School uniform brings uniformity within the school and it differentiates one school from another. Both public and private schools have a uniform policy that is adhered by all students in the school. Let's look at the pros and cons of having school uniforms.
1. Uniformity: Having a school uniform brings a sense of uniformity in the school and no weird colors being worn in the school.
2. Instill discipline: Having the students wear the same mode of clothing helps in instilling discipline to them. The school administrators and teachers don't have to be the clothes police and spent time debating whether what a student is wearing is appropriate or not.
3. Avoid distractions: Uniforms enables students to dress the same and avoid distractions where one student is overdressed in class.
4. Reduce class barriers: When students wear uniforms, the gap between the rich and the poor is reduced increasing their social interactions.
5. Increase students focus: Uniform enables students not to spend time and energy thinking and commenting about one's clothing. They spend their mental energy in learning thus boosting their focus in class.
6. Promote safety: School uniforms increase the safety of the student within and outside the school. It enables the student to focus on the studies without worrying about what to wear.
7. Reduce peer pressure: Since all students the same kind of outfit or clothes based on certain standards, it eliminates peer pressure to wear certain fashion styles in school.
8. Less time to get ready for school: Each student knows what he will wear in the morning as opposed to looking for what to wear that particular day. This enables students to get ready within few minutes.
9. Identify intruders: You can easily identify introducers in school since they are not wearing the schools uniform.
10. Reduce gang formation: School uniforms brings equality and ensure all students are treated the same. The policies set prevents unfair treatment to some certain groups of students.
1. Reduce diversity: School uniforms limit the concept of diversity within the school. Focusing on equality may affect socioeconomic, cultural beliefs and ethnicities among students.
2. Uniform policy: Schools with the uniform policy may enforce the policies by monitoring the clothing of the students. Students not dressed according to the school uniform standards end up being punished.
3. Additional tax: Parents are forced to pay additional taxes for the government to provide school uniforms to all public schools.
4. No freedom of expression: Having the students abide by the same dressing mode violates freedom of expression and may make students result in other forms of expressing individuality like body piercing.
5. Socioeconomic stereotypes: There are families which struggle to buy a school uniform for their kids and chasing those kids out of school due to their inability to afford school inform can create socioeconomic stereotypes.
6. Cost: Uniforms can be expensive for some parents as compared to buying regular clothes. Due to limited suppliers of uniforms, the prices may be very high.
7. Uncomfortable: Uniforms sometimes can make you uncomfortable. Having to wear a tie or a coat during warm weather may make you feel uncomfortable.
8. Bullying: Students who wear uniform to school may end up being bullied by those who don't wear a uniforms to school. Although the uniform brings equality, students always notice the social class difference and cases of bullying or violence can increase.
9. No connection between uniforms and learning: There is no correlation between school uniforms and better learning. You need to look at other factors like the curriculum, instructional methods, and other factors to determine the success of students.
10. Delay transition to adulthood: Uniforms delays student preparedness for an adult since they can't make their own decision on what clothing to wear and express themselves.


This page contains a wide selection of Port Vale photo galleries with over 1,000 images available.
This section contains photos from throughout the history of the club. It includes match action images, nostalgic images of yesteryear and memorable moments such as promotions and celebrations.
We are grateful to everyone who has contributed photos to our galleries and please accept our apologies if we have not attributed an image to you (please contact us and we will correct the error as soon as possible).


The Internet of Things (IoT) – a term with which we are becoming increasingly familiar – refers to the interconnection of computing devices and sensors embedded into everyday objects. These objects include devices, vehicles, machines and even smart home appliances that constantly collect and exchange data via the Internet.
While this technology has the potential to greatly increase convenience in everyday life, IoT enabled appliances can also betray their owners presenting new insurance challenges.
First generation IoT objects are very much a part of everyday life and the risk landscape is already changing as a result. These potential risks are especially relevant to the high-net-worth (HNW) market since these individuals are generally known for being early adopters of high tech appliances and wearables that can connect to smart devices and online resources. Additionally, HNW individuals often install high-tech security measures – that can be monitored remotely – in their luxury homes.
As IoT becomes more widespread, the potential for cyberattacks increases significantly. According to cybersecurity firm, Kaspersky, attacks on IoT devices increased threefold in the first half of 2018 alone. This is because the security on most IoT devices is still considered to be relatively weak in the face of ever-evolving cyber risks.
Ransomware attackers now have one more medium to extort money from victims, with attackers taking to disabling a connected device at crucial moments when they cannot be reset or disconnected. For example, a ransomware attack could shut down a home's air-conditioning or security system while the owners are away on holiday until a ransom is paid.
This is, however, not the most common form of cyberattack on privately owned devices. Taking control of connected IoT devices in order to mine cryptocurrency or to create a network of co-opted devices for illicit purposes, is also on the rise. Not only does this shorten the life of the device, but it can also significantly increase energy consumption and connectivity in someone's home.
Still, individuals face an even bigger risk to their assets, as well as to their personal safety. Wearable tech, sensors in vehicles, and location-based sensors in home appliances and security systems all collect vast amounts of data about the users. Everything from personal preferences to daily and weekly routines is collected and the data is stored on cloud servers or "smart devices" that are connected online. It has also been demonstrated on numerous occasions that connected home security cameras can be hacked with surprisingly little effort.
This means criminals could potentially predict an individual's movements, zero in on their current location, or analyse their habits in order to identify opportunities. This may even present some significant challenges at the claims stage. A theft where criminals may have known how to deactivate security systems and cameras or knew exactly where to enter the property may arouse the suspicions of an insurer and could even lead to the claim being repudiated.
While most devices do not have adequate security in place, it is crucial that home-based routers and networks are equipped and maintained with the right level of security software, and that passwords are regularly updated. Remain cognisant of the fact that IoT devices are constantly collecting user data and become selective about the kind of data that is shared, as well as when and where IoT enabled devices are allowed to access the internet.


Euro 2008 turned out to be Russia's best football tournament in twenty years. The team's successes, match after match, brought thousands of supporters onto the streets. The games united the country in a mood of hope and excitement.
Even the 3-0 defeat to Spain in the semis failed to dampen spirits. The fans remain happy. They are proud the world now knows how good their team is, and how much the world's top club's want their players.
"Before Euro 2008 nobody knew our players. But since the game against the Netherlands – look at Arshavin, Pavlyuchenko, Zyryanov – everybody wants to buy our boys!" one fan said.
Sad, yet victorious, team Russia are back home, and when they arrived in Moscow's Luzhniki Stadium, thousands turned up to thank them.
"We've learned to believe in our boys. Before we only hoped, but now we can believe," another supporter said.
The footballers did not expect such a warm welcome. And their coach Guus Hiddink was delighted with the reception.
The supporters believe Russia's back on the map of Europe's major football nations – and from the reception they received at their homecoming, you might have thought they'd actually won the cup!


The Bible states (Leviticus 19:14): "You shall not curse the deaf nor place a stumbling block before the blind; you shall fear your God - I am your Lord." In Hebrew, the sin of placing a stumbling block before a blind person is referred to as lifnei iver lo sitten michshol (before the blind do not place a stumbling block), or succinctly as lifnei iver.
This verse is somewhat perplexing: Why single out blind people for this law? Was placing stumbling blocks before blind people a prevalent practice in ancient times? Furthermore, there are a large number of laws in the Bible that deal with causing injury to others, blind or not. This may explain why the Talmud felt the need to give the verse a more profound meaning. Thus, the word "blind" is interpreted metaphorically to represent any person or group that is unaware, unsuspecting, ignorant, or morally blind, and individuals are prohibited from taking advantage of them or tempting them to do wrong. It is interesting to note that there is a dispute as to whether the verse should be interpreted literally at all. Apparently, some sages felt that there was no need to have a special law against causing blind people to stumble since there are a sufficient number of laws protecting all individuals from malicious harm (see Minchas Chinuch, 232:4). Others believe in the principal that Biblical verses maintain their literal meaning even when the sages use the oral tradition to add additional connotations.
The principle of lifnei iver prohibits one from giving bad advice to another person. Thus, one should not advise another party that it is in his interest to sell his field in order to buy a donkey, when his true intention is to buy the field for himself. By concealing the ulterior motive of his advice, he has violated the principle of lifnei iver (Midrash Sifra, Leviticus 19:14). In fact, the Midrash explains the reason the verse ends with the warning about fearing God: Human beings do not know whether advice proffered to them by friends is good or bad. Often, advice is given with an ulterior motive. Only God knows the true motive of the advice giver.
In addition, the above verse is considered to be a prohibition against helping or causing another to sin. Thus, placing any kind of prohibited temptation in front of someone would not be allowed. For example, providing an individual with a prohibited food, e.g., wine to a Nazirite (who takes a vow which prohibits him from drinking wine, cutting hair, or ritually contaminating himself by coming into contact with the dead), would be a violation of this commandment (Babylonian Talmud, Pesachim 22b). Rabbi Ashi, who owned forests, was permitted to sell wood to heathens who were fire-worshippers only because the majority of purchased wood is used for kindling, not for idolatry (Babylonian Talmud, Nedarim 62b). However, to sell the wood directly for the purpose of allowing pagans to practice their idolatrous practices would be prohibited. Lending someone money without having any witnesses present is also a violation of lifnei iver since it might ultimately tempt the debtor to deny that he or she borrowed any money (Babylonian Talmud, Baba Metzia 75b). If one person lends another money with interest, the borrower and the lender have also violated lifnei iver since each one enables the other to commit the sin of usury (Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzia 75b). The Talmud (Babylonian Talmud, Moed Katan 17a) also prohibits one from hitting an older son because of lifnei iver. An older son might angrily retaliate and strike his father, which is a very serious sin.
One should not entrust animals to a shepherd, if there is a strong possibility the shepherd will allow them to graze on other people's property (Babylonian Talmud, Bava Metzia 5b). Even purchasing milk, wool, or kids from shepherds was not permitted since they might have stolen these items from the cattle under their care (Babylonian Talmud, Bava Kama 118b).
Selling anything that has the potential of causing harm to others is prohibited. Thus, the Talmud (Babylonian Talmud, Avodah Zarah 16a) states: "It is forbidden to sell [idolaters] bears, lions, or anything which may injure the public. One shall not build with them a basilica, a scaffold, a stadium, or a platform" In Talmudic times, wild animals were used in stadiums to kill people for sport; basilicas were used to try people and, if sentenced to death, the defendant was thrown off it. Individuals were also thrown off platforms to kill them. Rebbi owned white mules and was rebuked by Rabbi Pinchas b. Yair for owning such vicious and dangerous animals. He offered to sell them but was told by Rabbi Pinchas that he would then be in violation of lifnei iver (Babylonian Talmud, Chullin 7b).
According to Abaye, the reason for marking graves is to ensure that priests or pilgrims would not inadvertently become ritually unclean (Babylonian Talmud, Moed Katan 5a). When the Temple in Jerusalem was standing, priests and pilgrims bringing sacrifices had to maintain ritual purity. Leaving an unmarked grave that can result in the ritual contamination of priests and pilgrims is a violation of placing the stumbling block -the grave- before the blind, i.e., the priests and pilgrims.
There is a Midrash (Midrash Hagadol, Leviticus 19:14) that states that individuals who "strengthen the hand of sinners" or assist others to commit a misdeed have transgressed the prohibition against "placing a stumbling block before the blind." One might argue that remaining quiet in the face of evil, i.e., not blowing the whistle on iniquities, strengthens the hand of wrongdoers.
"But the Torah teaches us that even by sitting at home doing nothing, by complete passivity and divorcement from society, one cannot shake off responsibility for what is transpiring in the world at large, for the iniquity, violence and evil there. By not protesting, "not marking the graves" and danger spots, you have become responsible for any harm arising therefrom, and have violated the prohibition: "Thou shalt not put a stumbling block before the blind…"
The following are some common business situations that might involve the prohibition of lifnei iver.
(1) Buildings should be made accessible to the handicapped. Many office buildings have been built without ramps and railings and thereby cause the blind and other handicapped to "stumble." There very well may be an obligation on society to provide large-print books, books in Braille, and special schools for the disabled. This is arguably a modern interpretation of the verse but something to be considered.
(2) Accountants and auditors that are not careful with financial statements and thereby mislead others, e.g., investors or creditors, are guilty of lifnei iver. Investors and creditors rely on financial statements and have a right to assume that they are indeed accurate records. Moreover, accountants who purposely "cook the books" are guilty of deception and lifnei iver by helping their clients to sin.
(3) Advertising that is intended to elicit envy or create the need for showy luxury products on the part of the consumer may also be problematic. In the classic medieval ethics (mussar) work, Orchos Tzadikim (Chapter 14: Jealousy), the author notes that jealousy comes from observing what friends own. We become envious of a friend's garment, food, house, and/or wealth, and envy leads to coveting. Thus, individuals who purposely flaunt wealth in order to arouse the envy of their fellows are guilty of lifnei iver. Sadly, the newspapers are filled with stories of teenagers that are killed for a designer shirt, fancy sneakers, or a gold chain. The Orchos Tzadikim recommends a life of moderation and simplicity so as not to arouse the envy of others.
(4) Running advertisements that are intended to mislead the public are violations of lifnei iver since this is tantamount to providing people with bad advice. Similarly, salespeople or consultants who are asked for advice about products and recommend the item that provides the highest commissions are also guilty of lifnei iver. The individual who possesses the expertise is obligated to provide accurate information and not cause the "blind" client or customer to "stumble" by providing bad information. This would include stockbrokers who recommend risky financial securities in order to generate a large commission.
(5) Bait and switch advertising is a practice in which a retailer promotes an item at an extremely low price (the "bait") in order to attract the customer to the store. When the customer is in the store and attempts to purchase the advertised item, s/he is informed that the item is not available and/or is told that there are better, but "slightly" more expensive, substitutes on hand. This unethical practice is clearly a "stumbling block" to the unknowing customer.
(6) Giving a bribe or kickback to a buyer is a violation of lifnei iver. Buyers are supposed to act impartially on behalf of their employers; kickbacks encourage them to act deceitfully.
(7) Selling products that are dangerous to the public is a violation of lifnei iver. Certainly, selling weapons to criminals would be illegal. Providing cigarettes to minors would certainly be wrong, even if not prohibited by secular law. There are a number of rabbis who feel that smoking itself is a violation of lifnei iver since it harms the innocent through second-hand smoke.
(8) Being a fence and buying stolen goods would be a violation of lifnei iver.
(9) Keeping quiet when wrongs are being committed by an organization is also tantamount to "placing a stumbling block ..."
The seemingly simple verse prohibiting the placement of stumbling blocks before the blind is actually a succinct statement encompassing many important rules of ethics and morality. It is an admonition not to take advantage of the weak and the helpless or to place temptation in the path of those who may be morally weak. It is also a call to action demanding that society and people do everything possible help the weak, the vulnerable, and the helpless. It is a fundamental principle of business ethics and is on par with such essential principles as "The stranger who resides with you shall be treated the same as the native-born and you love him as yourself" (Leviticus 19:34) and "loving your fellow human being as yourself" (Leviticus 19: 18).
Leibowitz, Nehama (1983). Studies in Vayikra (Leviticus). Jerusalem: World Zionist Organization.


SUNRISE, FLA.—Republican Sen. Marco Rubio was put on the defensive by angry students, teachers and parents who are demanding stronger gun-control measures at a town hall after the shooting rampage that claimed 17 lives at a Florida high school.
But Rubio, the lone Republican at CNN's Stand Up town hall Wednesday night, did say he would support laws barring those 18 and under from buying guns, support changing the background checks system and getting rid of bump stocks, which allow semi-automatic guns to mimic fully automatic fire.
One of those confronting the Florida senator was Fred Guttenberg, whose 14-year-old daughter Jaime was killed on Feb. 14 with 16 others. Rubio was the only Republican at the nationally broadcast gathering after Florida's GOP Gov. Rick Scott and U.S. President Donald Trump declined invitations to appear at the event in Sunrise, Florida.


I stated when I started this blog that I would have been able to help prevent many of the problems that contractors and homeowners experience when going through a construction project. I am now making my services available to support the goal of having a stress-free process.
I am pleased to announce the launch of my new business, Building Confidence, LLC www.buildingconfidence-llc.com. I am offering consulting services to homeowners and contractors who are about to embark on new construction or renovation projects. For a flat fee, I will write your contract and work with local lawyers to make sure it protects your interests and is in compliance with state law. I will then be available by telephone and e-mail to consult with you throughout your project and advise you regarding any issues that arise. I can be reached at 617-467-3073 or ajg@buildingconfidence-llc.com. Please look at my website to learn more about my new construction consulting business.
One of the interesting aspects of writing this blog is I get to see the keywords that people use to find me. My audience frequently searches the title above to land at my blog. I have posted previously ("Think Before You Sue"), but I think it is tremendously important in the current economy to re-visit this issue.
Lawsuits do not usually end well. I think the media has given us an unrealistic picture of the rare windfalls that can occur after going through a court proceeding. So many clients have told me they want "justice." I try to point out that a group of twelve strangers or a judge are not necessarily going to provide a just result. So many factors influence the behavior of the decision-makers that it is not realistic to think that one is going to achieve a storybook verdict.
At the end of a lawsuit, if the parties do not settle, one side receives a judgment. Frequently that is only the beginning. Enforcing the judgment and collecting on it is a whole other matter. Most people do not have readily accessible funds to pay a judgment. Even if they hold a valuable asset, one still has to force the sale of the asset if one hopes to collect.
1. Start all construction projects with a good contract. This document spells out the understanding and intentions of the parties. A wonderful arbitrator I arbitrated with last week said ideally, the contract should sit on a shelf and collect dust once it has achieved its purpose.
2. Maintain good communication throughout the project. If problems arise, deal with them quickly and be honest. It is not surprising to me when I meet great contractors who tell me they have never been sued. Great contractors are usually great communicators as well.
3. Be realistic. Many of the disputes that I see occur because parties have unrealistic expectations. There are some people who simply expect perfection, and that just does not occur. When I was buying my house, my cousin said, "When you look at a house, you should keep one eye closed." I think there is a great deal of truth to that statement.
4. Try to resolve your disputes. Settlements are always better. Yes, I mean always. Statistics have shown that people tend to comply more with settlements than judgments. In addition, a settlement is something that you have control over.
After all, isn't justice when you have a say in the result?
Although the concept of Green Construction has been around for quite some time, there seems to have been more discussion recently about using the technology to reduce heating costs, benefit the environment and as a marketing angle. I belong to a builder's association, and there have been more courses offered in green construction and LEEDS certification. I am not going to pretend to be an expert in this area, but I am trying to learn more about the "green" movement and how I can offer advice to my clients in this arena. For example, I recently learned about LEEDS-AP certification which a limited number of lawyers in Massachusetts have obtained. I am pursuing the possiblity of taking this class through the Green Builders Council http://www.usgbc.org/.
For the contractor, it is important to stay state of the art.
Educate yourself about options and take continuing education classes.
Learn about the pros and cons of green products and determine which ones to offer to your clients.
Include clauses in your contracts when introducing green options and be wary of making claims or promises about results.
Familiarize yourself with government rebates that could benefit your clients.
Pay attention to what may happen with the next administration.
Distinguish yourself by marketing and taking advantage of the green movement by advertising real credentials, knowledge and experience.
Don't get caught up in green for green's sake.
Educate yourself about the true benefits of the green products and processes that you are considering.
Learn about government programs and rebates that may benefit you.
Consider the true costs of going green.
Allow your values to play a part in your decisions.
Carefully research contractor's or builder's claims and make sure they are accurate and valid.
The green movement is both exciting and daunting. It seems that everyone is hopping on the green train and none of us want to be left behind. At the same time, this area is ripe with the potential for fraud, false claims, and over-enthusiastic hype. It is important for both builders and homeowners to cut through the information that is being presented and determine which products and processes will provide real benefits in terms of cost savings and contributions to preserving our environment. I look forward to our learning together.


The world's largest lighting tradeshow, LIGHTFAIR International, is occurring this week in Philadelphia. While I was unable to go to the show this year, I have been glued to my computer reading about new product launches, each more amazing than the one I just read about.
Without a doubt, the theme of the show is new energy efficient bulbs. The new technologies are coming from leading manufacturers of lighting products that are showcasing bulbs in every shape, brightness level and price point imaginable.
The industry is really racing to provide more energy efficient alternatives to the 125-year-old incandescent lightbulb. A major catalyst for all this work is the new federal energy efficiency standards for lightbulbs that go into effect starting in 2012 that will update the energy-guzzling, 100-watt lightbulbs.
New and improved incandescents. Earlier this year, each of the big three lighting companies -- Philips, GE and Sylvania -- "reinvented" the incandescent lightbulb and introduced new versions that use at least 28 percent less power to operate. These bulbs will comply with the new federal efficiency standards. We understand leading lighting companies like TCP, the biggest producer of CFLs sold in the United States, are hard at work at producing an even better incandescent that uses 50 percent less energy than conventional bulbs.
Brighter and better performing LED bulbs. LEDs use around 80 percent less energy than today's incandescent and last up to 25,000 hours (that's almost 25 years at around three hours per day). LED manufacturers have been working hard to make LED bulbs brighter, dimmable and able to distribute the lights in all directions. At LIGHTFAIR several companies announced new LED lightbulbs that only use 17 watts and are just as bright as the old 75-watt incandescent bulb.
Here is a picture (left) of the Philips EnduraLED, which is expected to hit the shelf later this fall. Not only is this bulb super efficient but several of the key components are likely to be manufactured in the US.
This week, I got a call from a colleague who was excited to share that lighting manufacturers had figured out how to make a LED that is as bright as a 100-watt incandescent. The news keeps getting better. At least three companies showed prototype LED bulbs that would replace today's 100-watt incandescent and only use 15 watts or so.
These bulbs are being shown by companies such as Lighting Sciences Group, Osram Sylvania (the bulb pictured to the right, in the left frame) and a new startup company called Switch Lighting (the bulb on the far right), which features this futuristic looking design.
Longer Lasting and Improved CFLs. Not to be lost behind all the buzz about LEDs, let's not forget the little ole spiral CFL. CFLs continue to be a very cost effective energy saving option for consumers. Today's CFLs are far superior to older versions and will save consumers $30 to $50 over their lifetime. Lighting manufacturers have also been working to extend the bulb lifetime and most of the bulbs now are rated 8,000 and 10,000 hours, up from 6,000 hours previously. CFL pricing has come way down and consumers can now find CFLs for $2 per bulb in multipacks at big-box retailers. In addition, retailers like Home Depot and Lowe's have stepped up to the plate and offer free recycling for the bulbs.
Based on all the points of bright light emerging from Philadelphia, the City of Brotherly Love, this week, it's clear that consumer choice will increase as a result of the new lighting standards. Choices will include new energy saving incandescents, CFLs, LEDs and probably some new technology we have not even conceived of. Let there be light!
Image Credits -- Top and index images courtesy of LIGHTFAIR International. Inset product images via NRDC Switchboard.


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Leader of Change: Salma Sheikh
WaterAid India
A little bit of guidance and care goes a long way into building leaders. With this belief in mind, a team from WaterAid India's local partner, Aarambh in Madhya Pradesh, identified people who had the potential to be agents of change in an urban slum.
Salma was born and raised with two sisters and a brother in the 60 Quarter Slum of Bhopal. Her father was the only earning member of her family. Salma was excellent at studies and developed an affinity for sports. But when she turned 18, family pressure led Salma to drop out of school and become engaged to a resident of Pachora, Maharashtra.
Despite external factors, she remained steadfast, joined the Padao Badao group and began educating a group of 15 women. The marriage took her to Pachora, but financial issues saw the family move back to Bhopal. Once she relocated, she formed self-help groups which remain active and are still managed by her.
Today, in her 30s, Salma is the president of the Mohalla Committee of 100 Quarter Slum. The settlement, situated in ward 60 of the city had barely any WASH facilities when Aarambh began working there. Salma emerged as a proactive member of the community, and always came forward during WASH training sessions. She began participating in Aarambh's WASH awareness programmes and soon began organising community meetings on handling water and conducting water quality testing. She played a key role in organising Community-Led Total Sanitation initiatives, and street plays in her slum.
Salma Sheikh (in pink saree) showing a completed toilet in 100 Quarter Slum
When the idea of a Mohalla Committee was first broached, the community did not display much interest because even though the act for the committee was in place, there was apprehension over receiving rights and authority from the government over any progress initiatives in the slum. It was Salma who took it upon herself to motivate everyone and support Aarambh to register the committee. In July 2014, the Mohalla Committee was accredited. Under Salma's guidance, the group conducted a survey and prepared a list of homes without toilets. They submitted a demand to the Urban Administration and Development Department for construction, which is currently in progress and even constructed the common sewer line by pooling in resources. When the borewell water was found non-potable, Salma encouraged everyone to construct a platform to help restore the drinking water resource.
Today, the Mohalla Committee and Salma continue working on a range of issues. She facilitates Menstrual Hygiene Management trainings and has conducted sessions in the four local anganwadis and even in other slums along with Aarambh. She champions rights for women who are victims of domestic violence in the 100 Quarter Slum. Currently, the committee and Salma are engaged with securing rights for water supply under the Narmada Jal Yojana and have taken up the issue with the district collector and the BHEL administration on whose land the slum exists. Under the Swachh Bharat Mission, they have helped the inhabitants of the slum participate in a survey for those who need toilets.
Salma Sheikh watches as employees of Municipal Corporation clean a drain in 100 Quarter Slum
"Some people remain skeptical why I do this work. They think I gain money. But I overlook all the negative views and continue working. There was a time when men would not attend when I would hold meetings. Today they all attend. When I used to organise classes on WASH, and MHM, girls from the community would not step forth. Today they wake me out of my sleep and insist I teach. If there is no water in the basti, or if they need a tap connection or need a form filled, everyone says, 'Go to Salmaji.', said Salma Sheikh.
Salma may have had lost out on many opportunities because of lack of familial support and the conservative attitude prevalent in her community. But she is an example of someone who trumped external circumstances to transform her life and emerge as a leader who motivated her community to believe in change.


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Amazon leads £544 million investment in EV start-up Rivian
Online retail giant helps take fledgling American manufacturer's total investment to around £894.5 million.
By Mark Tisshaw, Autocar UK 18 Feb 2019 10898 Views Share -
Online retail giant Amazon has led a $700 million (£544m) round of investment in American electric car start-up Rivian.
The fledgling manufacturer has attracted big interest since its public debut at the 2018 Los Angeles motor show. Today's round, which includes investment from existing shareholders, brings the total raised by the company to around $1.15 billion (£894.5m/ Rs 8,205 crore).
According to news reports, Rivian is currently in discussions with General Motors (GM) to secure further investment. If a deal is secured, it's understood that GM would be listed as minority shareholder and Rivian would be valued at between $1bn (Rs 7,135 crore) and $2bn (Rs 14,271 crore) (£778m and £1.56bn). It will remain an independent company.
Rivian is aiming to bring the first electric pick-up truck to market. It only announced itself to the world last year despite having been developing and producing electric platforms since 2009.
Rivian R1S SUV and R1T pick-up aim to shake up the 4x4 market
Rivian is hoping to have the kind of impact Tesla has made in shaking up the established automotive set and believes it has found a niche with the creation of go-anywhere electric vehicles.
The R1T pick-up and R1S seven-seat SUV, the first and second in a series of models eventually planned, are built on a bespoke electric 'skateboard' chassis that is modular and can be used on all different types and sizes of vehicles. The initial pair are closely related, the chief difference being a slightly shorter wheelbase in the R1S. The R1S is 5040mm long, making it Range Rover-sized, while the 5465mm-long R1T is marginally longer than the Mercedes-Benz X-Class.
In both cars, the lithium-ion battery pack is mounted in the floor. The R1T is good for a 230-mile (370 km) range in its standard 105kWh capacity, a 300-mile range (482 km) with a 135kWh battery pack, or up to 400 miles (643 km) with a 180kWh 'mega-pack'. In the R1S, the same battery packs are offered with ranges of 240, 310 and 420 miles (386 km, 498 km and 675 km) respectively.
The two models share their drivetrains, too. Four electric motors, one for each wheel, give them four-wheel drive. Each motor produces 197bhp (total combined figures through the gearbox are 754bhp and 826lb ft in the 135kWh version), which allows for prodigious performance. It's claimed both vehicles can crack 0-60mph (0-100 kph) in just 3.0sec and 0-100mph (0-160 kph) in less than 7.0sec in the 135kWh versions.
Double wishbone front and multi-link rear suspension features, alongside air springs and adaptive dampers. Rivian claims the electric drivetrain and chassis set-up allows for both impressive on-road performance and handling and precise off-road control that surpasses any existing mechanical solutions. Its flat floor is also reinforced with carbon fibre and Kevlar to protect the battery pack, while both models get five-star crash test safety ratings in the US.
A distinctive front-end exterior design appears on both cars, while the spacious interiors get premium but durable materials that are easy to clean, in keeping with the cars' off-road lifestyle brief. Two screens feature inside, running Rivian's own software and graphics.
There are packs of novel hidden features and clever solutions in both models, including a 330-litre front storage under the nose, and the pick-up has a full-width storage compartment between the rear doors and rear wheels that's good for housing golf clubs.
Rivian, first formed in 2009, is looking to do things differently from other start-ups by having its entire business plan and funding in place before going public with its intentions, and even then keeping targets conservative.
Company founder and CEO RJ Scaringe has already gone through two stillborn versions of the R1T to get to this third, production-ready version.
The US-based company is backed by investors from the Middle East, and employs some 750 people worldwide. Its design and engineering centre is based in Plymouth, Michigan, and other key sites include a battery development facility in Irvine, California. It has opened an advanced engineering centre in Chertsey, Surrey, too.
Manufacturing will take place at an old Mitsubishi plant in Illinois, bought by Rivian for $16 million (£12.5m/ Rs 114 crore) last year. This has a capacity of up to 350,000 units per year.
Rivian's ambitions are much lower than that initially, with plans to be selling some 50,000-60,000 of its premium electric off-roaders by 2025-2026. It does, however, plan to offer its electric skateboard chassis to other companies – either car makers or any brand looking to launch an electric car – as long as their products don't compete with Rivian's own. The R1T will go into production in late 2020 with the R1S in early 2021, the former priced from around $70,000 (£55,000/ Rs 50 lakh). Right-hand drive production for the UK will follow around a year later.
Also read: GM and Amazon look to invest in EV start-up Rivian
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