text:
Get More Width And Separation The Backwards Way
Mar 24, 2014 | Mixing, Mixing Month, Tips | 49 comments
One way many home studio mixers shoot themselves in the foot is the overuse of stereo tracks in their mixes. From stereo pianos, stereo drum loops, stereo guitars, to stereo synth pads, there's simply too much stereo happening. In fact, with so many stereo tracks, their final mix ends up (ironically) lacking a lot of stereo spread and clarity.
The Secret Is Mono
One day I stumbled upon a very interesting thing. When listening to some of my favorite rock and pop albums of all time I noticed one common theme from artist to artist and song to song: 95% of the tracks within the mix were mono.
Whether it was an organ, a piano, or acoustic guitar, the reason these great mixes sounded huge was because they were comprised of mono tracks, not stereo tracks.
Oh sure, maybe the drum overheads were stereo, but that was about it. Or if it was a piano ballad the piano would be full on stereo (which I love!), but then the remaining tracks were mono. The more and more music I listened to with this in mind, the more I discovered this was the norm, rather than the exception.
Now, I'm not that well versed in the auditory science behind this phenomenon, so I will explain it layman's terms (I'm a musician, folks). In essence, the problem with stereo tracks is that you get a very similar frequency response in both the left and the right. Of course it's different, that's why it sounds stereo, but it's clearly the same instrument.
What that does is draw your ear to the center, because the two tracks are "centered" around their mid point. So if you pan an organ part hard left and right, it will be centered around the middle of your mix. If you pan the left of that same organ to the center instead, now you have an organ that is "centered" around the 50% right point. Follow me so far?
But if you have a mono organ hard left, and then say a mono piano hard right (complimenting each other) then you now have two tracks that don't "pull" to any center other than where they are. Your ear perceives this as the widest possible distance in a mix. Voila, width.
And going back to the stereo track problem: if you have many stereo tracks then you have many "centers" that overlap and everything becomes a weird wash in the middle. Not what you want in a clear and focused mix.
How To Do This Practically
I try to implement this knowledge on two levels, practically speaking. If I'm recording music, I literally try and only record mono tracks. OK, so maybe I'll go for stereo drum overheads, but that's usually it. And if I want a full piano centric song, I'll go with a stereo piano track, but that's it.
If I'm mixing a track that has a handful of stereo instruments, I'll simply pick one to be stereo (usually a pad of some kind) and fold the others to mono and pan them in one fixed spot. The result is way more clarity and width with minimal fuss.
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Leo Alvarado on March 24, 2014 at 7:51 am
So I have more of a question then comment…
Of you have a bunch of mono guitars and you send them to a Guitar Buss, should the buss still be a stereo buss panned hard left and hard right?
KG on March 24, 2014 at 10:38 am
Generally you should pan the mono guitars where you what them (usually hard L/R maybe leads on the center, also automate pan if needed) and send them to stereo buss. You shouldn't need to pan the buss then (unless you have a specific reason to do it) because the tracks are already panned where you what them.
Graham on March 25, 2014 at 4:22 pm
Yes. Panned hard left and right. This will maintain whatever panning you put in place on the tracks themselves.
Steve on June 24, 2014 at 4:24 pm
Yes. 🙂
phil mcpherson on October 1, 2014 at 11:47 pm
Graham this advice is awesome and I dig the fact that I can relate so well to your intuitive views.. I have always recorded and mixed this exact way and never heard much talk about it being completely self taught. I just followed what my ears were telling me. I never liked what stereo track bombing did to a mix. It led me to using too many fx for widening which overcomplicated things and still never satisfied like mono. Mono makes it so much easier to stage your instruments and have a clear scratch mix much faster. Then fx are added lightly to color and fill in the gaps. Take this advice readers! Its some of the best you can get and dont often find out there. This is an art!
Listen to your ears when using this approach against your stereo madness. Eqing and fx will be easier to tackle and bussing is way more forgiving! Your mixes will sound better period, end of story. Graham, love you man!
Graham on October 17, 2014 at 10:11 pm
Peter Feegle on March 24, 2014 at 9:17 am
The more mono sources the better, but for example in electronic music sometimes it's impossible to have that. The way to make things sit where they belongs is using a lot of m/s processing and some stereo wideners. Dave Pensado showed that in one of hit ITL's, how to clear the center of the mix using that solutions.
Miro Vaz on March 24, 2014 at 9:46 am
That was a nice DP ITL runs. Since focusing on that my mixes got better when lots of stereo tracks were sent to. And I tend to use mono tracks everytime and most of the time I can.
Gabe on March 24, 2014 at 5:33 pm
Sometimes with synths I want to be wide I'll record the part with one synth, then record the same part with a similar sounding but different synth, then pan those hard left and right. Works awesome.
Marcioz on May 2, 2014 at 5:01 pm
This is so true. i think it's easier to apply that technique in rock or generally, music that uses instruments. But, in edm it is kinda hard. You're directly fighting with a lot of really wide, stereo enhanced music. Stereo tends to be more exciting and dance music goes for everything that sounds exciting.
Nicholas West on March 24, 2014 at 9:37 am
One of the greatest tips ever, and one of the most important basic secrets to all great stereo recordings. When you sit in front of a band or orchestra, you hear one instrument over there, and another over here. The room REVERBERATION around you from them is heard in stereo. But the instruments themselves sound in mono, coming from a single point each, and they should be placed in the stereo field as such.
Noah Copeland on March 24, 2014 at 9:42 am
Being raised on AC/DC, this has been ingrained in me.
Jonas on April 8, 2019 at 4:24 pm
in Back in Black Mixing they used 2 mics on each rhythm guitar to spread them all over the mix. There are main hardpanned Mics but there's still the other mic from another speaker of the guitarcabinet that sits elsewhere in the mix. Always dreamed to talk to Tony Platt in person. I would love to know the exact panning.
Zoltán on March 24, 2014 at 9:43 am
Or if you're iffy about making your nice stereo recordings fully mono, you can just reduce the width (but not fully) and pan the whole stereo image (of course this doesn't work so well in a crowded mix). I don't know about other DAWs, but Reaper lets you do this: you can change the panning option on a per track basis to "stereo pan", which gives you a "stereo pan" knob (not the same as the more traditional "balance") and a "width" knob.
Nicholas West on March 24, 2014 at 11:10 am
Nobody is suggesting to turn your stereo recordings into mono. He's suggesting that the different elements making up your stereo mix each would be better in mono.
Zoltán on March 24, 2014 at 11:19 am
I meant recordings as in the raw elements you use when you start mixing a song. You record an instrument in stereo, what you have is a stereo recording of an instrument. I don't think that was ambiguous at all. Still, let's call them stereo tracks, if that's easier.
The fact remains though that if you have each of your instruments playing on both channels, you end up with something which is basically a mono mix. Having all your instruments recorded and used in stereo makes your final mix sound smaller, not bigger.
Jason on March 24, 2014 at 11:04 am
And don't forget to use different tones when panning LR in mono. Even if it's the same exact performance, try different EQ on each to get better separation (ie- low gritty guitar left, bright sharp guitar right). Graham has a great post on this as well. It's working for me!
mike on March 24, 2014 at 11:46 am
Does this hold true for Live Sound as well?
Michael on March 25, 2014 at 11:58 am
In most live performances you need to do everything in mono. Unless you have a giant system, stereo is completely unnecessary. WHen mixing live you want to create the auditory image to accompany the visual image that the people in the audience are seeing. Since most of us will be working in a small club or similar venue, you are complimenting the sounds that the band are giving you. People will disbelieve a live sound that sounds different from what they are seeing.
EROCKER on March 25, 2014 at 12:26 pm
Absolutely this idea applies to live sound. Maybe even more than in a recording. A good mono sound source is so much easier to handle for controling front of house mixes and each monitor send, instrument to instrument. To liven things up I use Aphex Exciter Type C w/ optical big bottom to the mains and sub outs. Exceptions of course include keyboard synths and patched in vocal/ guitar effects pedals that rely on stereo to make an impact. I have even gone mono for my mains before and I like what I hear when I can get away with it.
cafenitro on March 24, 2014 at 11:56 am
Thanks Graham. I'm starting to feel like George Martin thanks to you.
Tony Carpenter on March 24, 2014 at 12:12 pm
Great topic as always Graham :). I am constantly referring back to basics these days, and this tops part of that list.
Martin on March 24, 2014 at 2:08 pm
Graham, this is spot on! A couple of weeks ago, I had to stay late at my work's studio because a student booked a late session, and I had to "babysit" and assist should anything go wrong. The band that came into record already had the capability to record their own tracks, but they were helping this student out.
They were a Reggae band, and the guy that did their recording wanted a tonne of stuff in stereo. He had stereo synths, stereo piano and I'm pretty sure they had a stereo drum module they were using too. As I heard him speaking to the student about this, saying things like "we use a lot of stereo effects, so obviously if it's mono it'll just bounce in the middle rather than bouncing from side to side", I just had to suppress myself, and not say "why would you muddy up your mix by making all these things stereo".
Making a lot of things mono gives greater emphasis to the things that ARE in stereo, as you've said in this article.
Ed Munson on March 24, 2014 at 5:08 pm
Some good info! Being old enough to have a mountain of old LP's of pre-stereo vintage, I relished the "new-fangled" stereo versions which generally accentuated discrete stereo.
Mark on March 24, 2014 at 7:00 pm
Super true.. Thanks Graham.
Jordan on March 24, 2014 at 8:32 pm
Good post, if everything is Stereo, NOTHING IS STEREO!
Jan on March 25, 2014 at 5:09 am
I got a question, maybe you can help me… I´m mixing a rock-song with distorted guitars panned hard left/right. Both are playing the same. I used a Strat and Les Paul with different Amps. When I switch my mix to mono the guitars seem to collaps. I did that on other pro-mixes (let´s say Billy Talents "Red Flag") and the guitars dropped too, but way less… Do you got any suggestions for me how to solve that?
It's possible that your guitars are so similar in sound, EQ and especially reverb that they are cancelling each other out when put into mono; basically phase cancellation. You've really got to put each of them into their own sonic space for them to be distinct in mono. Phase cancellation of reverb is a little-discussed problem. Try drying out your guitars…then check the mono and see if that helps.
You need to use EQ to carve out space for both of them while mixing (not just checking the mix, but actually mixing) in mono.
It's actually such a simple concept. Think of it this way: you record guitars in stereo, then you have them on both channels. You record your piano in stereo, then you have it on both channels. You record your synths in stereo, you have them on both channels. Your drums..your strings..etc etc. So what do you end up with when you have each of your instruments playing on both channels? A mono mix!! It's only by having mono instruments spread out over the stereo field that you really hear wide stereo and separation.
Jan on March 25, 2014 at 11:05 am
That makes sense (don't know if it was a reply to my question from above)! Anyway: In heavy rock-styles the guitars are panned hard left/right and playing mostly the same, aren't they? My ones are collapsing in mono, others don't. hmmm…
David Wright on March 25, 2014 at 4:18 pm
Nice article, Graham! I've always been afraid of 'unbalanced mixes' where I feel there always has to be a perfect frequency balance on both sides, like having two similarly-timbred instruments play somewhat opposing parts in stereo.
It /works/, but I find I need to break my box and stop being fearful of panning as making use of mono tracks.
Michael on March 27, 2014 at 5:29 pm
I find this confusing but it may be because I come from an earlier era..When we were making records in the 80s and 90s..recording on 2″ tape and mixing to 1/2″ 30ips… if something was stereo then it had a spread…that spread doesnt have to be hard left- right..it can be 10-2 or 9-3 and that way you build a stereo picture.You have the iick drum in the middle,h/h on the left,snare in the middle and the toms spread left,centre right,with o/hs stereo..and the bass gtr in the middle…whats the point of recording an instrument in stereo..a piano for example..then folding it into mono..
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Graham on April 1, 2014 at 8:50 pm
Exactly. I would recommend people record more in mono, than in stereo so you don't have this problem. But if piano plays a major role in the song, no big deal to have it stereo. Just don't want 3, 4 or 10 stereo instrument tracks in the mix. It just gets muddy.
kemistrypops on March 29, 2014 at 11:08 am
hey thanks for your dedication to teach us. with regards to this post, what if i get a stereo track and i link both sides and pan them hard left or right, will this be same as having a mono track?
Marshall on March 31, 2014 at 7:18 pm
Thanks, Graham! I think a lot of people get excited trying to record instruments with many mics to get a cool spread and end up overproducing their tracks, and it ends up being a bad mix. Your recommendation to stay mono and mess with panning is sure to add more depth to my tracks from now on.
Steven on April 3, 2014 at 6:36 pm
Very interesting. I have been reading allot about mixing in mono (by collapsing master out to mono and using only one monitor). This can make Phase issue & EQ and comp decisions easier. Once settled then reverting back to stereo for panning + stereo fx etc.
But what if you go that route and also want to "start" with most/all your tracks in mono in your DAW as this video suggests. Wouldn't that be the same thing? I mean if you start with all individual tracks in mono, there would be no need to mono the master?
Jan on April 4, 2014 at 4:47 am
Graham suggests to record in mono if there is no need for stereo. For example you record things like kick, snare, hihat,toms,…,bass,guitars, vocals in mono. Only record in stereo if there is a reason for it! For example a piano which plays a major role in the mix, drum-overheads etc. Nothing wrong with that. If you got too many stereo-tracks, your mix can easily get muddy.
Your case – where everything stays is mono AND panned center – won´t occur long, because you will pan your mono sources in the stereo-field (for example: hihat 25% left, low tom 50% right or guitar 2 75% left etc.). He didn´t suggest to leave everything in center or to use any panning at all…
We're talking about two different things here: recording mono tracks (instead of stereo tracks) so we can pan them all over. And then you're talking about MIXING while listening in mono which helps you make better EQ, compression, and phase decisions.
Yes Graham. Thanks. I guess I consider panning ect as part of mixing decisions so blur these processes somewhat. Though I take your point.
Niklas J. Blixt on August 10, 2014 at 5:52 pm
Great stuff Graham! I've started to realize this myself a while back. And I also started to pan stereo signals more to the left or to the right some times. What I mean is that if a acoustic guitar i.e is recorded in stereo doesn't mean that it has to be panned one mic hard left and one mic hard right. You can leave one in the center and one to the right or left or both a little to the left.
You get the idea!
Mark on August 17, 2015 at 1:55 pm
What about drum room tracks
mono or stereo
Mike on November 10, 2015 at 7:58 pm
Record drums in mono, except for stereo overhead. Keep kick & snare panned central, hi hat to one side (I pan tambourine opposite of hihat), toms panned high to low (your choice where), 1 cymbal left and 1 right, overheads panned left and right (not necessarily all the way.
The above is a good starting point, though it may not work with your particular song. You may also have other percussion that you need to fit in.
When you have all your drums in a relatively good place, create a stereo (drum group) track and send the outputs from all of your drum tracks to the drum group. You now can control the level of all drums with 1 fader.
I'm sure Graham will have done a post or video on this… 🙂
Think I'm being stupid here…
If you mean ambient mics, it can depend on the song. Sometime a mono track through a 50% wet reverb sounds good, other times stereo (clean or compressed) low in the mix, even brought up in the mix when some instruments drop out, sounds better.
There's no hard and fast rule. Try it both ways and see what sounds better to you. Experiment with it. Maybe use it in a breakdown through a phaser, with no other drums – it's only going to sound 1 of 2 ways, hopefully the better of the 2. You never know until you try… 🙂
Ryan on December 19, 2015 at 9:50 am
Graham – Do you usually keep your Reverb / Delay aux's mono as well ?
RL on September 7, 2016 at 9:09 pm
One stereo track, all the other instruments panned hard to one side or the other, while the lead vocal, kick and bass are panned center . . . Sounds great in stereo, but what happens when you hit the 'Mono' button on the Master track?
Friday Roundup March 28, 2014 | Unveilmusic.com - [...] No comments Here's the Friday Roundup of interesting posts for the week of March 28, 2014.TheRecordingRevolution – Get More…
Why the #1 Thing You Should Do to Stereo Synths is Convert Them to Mono – Audio Issues - [...] I love this article Graham Cochrane wrote over at The Recording Revolution about Getting more Width and Separation the…
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U.S. Steel Tower é um dos arranha-céus mais altos do mundo, com 256 metros (841 ft). Edificado na cidade de Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos, foi concluído em 1970 com 64 andares.

Ver também
 Lista dos maiores arranha-céus dos Estados Unidos

Referências

Arranha-céus entre 250 e 299 metros
Arranha-céus de Pittsburgh
Edifícios de escritórios de Pittsburgh

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Agent Gates and the Secret Adventures of Devonton Abbey: A Parody of Downton Abbey
by Camaren Subhiyah, Kyle HiltonCamaren Subhiyah
Paperback(Original)
This hilarious send-up of Downton Abbey places the Crawleys and their staff directly in history's glare!
While the Granville family dutifully entertain their guests at Devonton Abbey, an ace team of Secret Service agents camp out as unsuspecting household staff, protecting the Royal Crown and her citizens from impending world war.
Who is aware of the international intrigue concealed below stairs? Will Agent Gates save Britain from her enemies while ensuring Devonton Abbey's reputation is upheld? Will Lady Margaret secure a proposal from Martin Crawhill, the heir to the estate? Will Thompson and O'Malley ever get lung cancer?
"Preposterous."
—The Dowager Countess
"Wicked and daring. An uproarious adventure suited for anyone who must bear the tedium of reality."
—Lady Margaret
"The pictures are awfully nice."
—Lady Flora
"Slanderous…Utter rot."
—Lord Granville
"A graphic expose that triumphs in its ability to question elitist society and esoteric class systems."
—Lady Cynthia
"Can I be on the cover?"
—Lady Ethel
Camaren Subhiyah is a Brooklyn-based writer and editor at Random House. A die-hard Downton Abbey fan and unabashed Anglophile, she would happily swap penicillin for a world filled with tweedy three-piece suits and Poiret evening dresses.
Kyle Hilton is an established illustrator from Jackson, Mississippi whose work has been featured in The New York Times, TIME, The Huffington Post, and New York Magazine. He'll keep his penicillin.
Something is amiss at Devonton Abbey—something even more troubling than the hedge maze's too-easy reputation. Gates, the valet to Lord Granville and secret agent for the Crown, has uncovered a plot to plunge the world into war. Aided by his own steam-powered leg and his fellow agents at Devonton—including the dowager countess, Devonton's leader of secret operations—Gates must stop the villains while maintaining his cover and keeping things running smoothly in the upstairs/downstairs world. Subhiyah creates a credible, paranormal spy story that stands on its own—with an added layer of humor as a parody of the popular Downton Abbey. Familiar characters are taken to their extremes, and the story's over-the-top conceit highlights even more clearly the absurdities of their normal lives. Hilton's illustrations are spot on, accurately portraying the actors from the television show while also capturing the atmosphere of steampunk spy action with the deadpan execution of popular web comics such as Wondermark. (Jan.)
Television's popular period drama Downton Abbey follows the aristocratic Crawley family and its servants under King George V. This puckish spoof reenvisions the Dowager Countess plus some of the "Crawhill" servants as undercover agents serving the British Secret Intelligence Service. All have unusual powers connected with the Philosopher's Stone, which is kept at SIS headquarters in London. Agent Gates (based on Downton Abbey valet John Bates) sports a distinctly steampunk leg of biofusable titanium. For her part, the Dowager Countess boasts powers of vision rivaling those of Medusa. Unfortunately, the team must constantly maneuver around the clueless and witless Earl, who is more prone to ordering his incoming correspondence to be ironed for neatness than sussing out the impending threat posed by a German visitor. The rest of the Crawhills are similarly out to lunch except the eldest daughter, whom the Dowager Countess takes into her confidence about the SIS. VERDICT This dryly straight-faced spin-off in spare, realistic black-and-white art makes entertaining reading as tongue-in-cheek espionage that can be enjoyed even by those unfamiliar with the TV show. Recommended for adult spy-saga fans and for teens.—M.C.
Agent Gates and the Secret Adventures of Devonton Abbey: A Parody of Downton Abbey 4.3 out of 5 based on 0 ratings. 3 reviews.
Manirul More than 1 year ago
Lovely...! beautiful.....!.... Just enjoy it.....!
KKetch More than 1 year ago
I love Downton Abbey! I'm a big, die-hard fan. I also love a good laugh, which is good, because Agent Gates and the Secret adventures of Devonton Abbey is a well done combination of the two. Now, honestly, not all the humor in this parody was exactly my cup of tea. The things that occur and personalities reflected in the characters upstairs is a bit too slap stick for my taste. And in some cases I think they are a little unfair to the actual characters on the TV series. However, some of the reflections hidden in the humor were actually insightful. Things I never considered about the characters or their role in the family. The events and humor of downstairs, though, were much more to my liking. It was more quick witted and subtle jokes. I also loved the concept of Mr. Bates' character being Agent Gates in the parody. It was fun to read, though I'll admit, the whole world of supernatural secret agents confused me – especially the supernatural part. But it was slowly explained along the way, and I liked how Thompson and O'Malley played their roles as the antagonists of the plot. All in all, this graphic novel was refreshing, and definitely an intriguing twist to one of my favorite TV series. I'm not really sure if I could recommend it, considering each fan of Downton Abbey would probably have different reactions to the humor, but if there is a sequel, I would definitely be interested in continuing the adventure.
As a professor of a literature survey course, I have noticed in the last 2 editions of our literary anthology the inclusion of short graphic novels. I confess I've avoided them -- until Agent Gates and the Secret Adventures of Devonton Abbey caught my attention. Downton Abbey fans will adore seeing their favorite characters lampooned in such exquisite detail, both through Subhiyah's writing and Hilton's illustrations. It truly engages through hilarious, clever plot twists -- even if you've never watched an episode of Downton Abbey -- which you most certainly will after this graphic novel whets your appetite for more. I'm going to recommend this to my students, colleagues, and our college library. It's also a great pick for your book club. I look forward to more from Camaren Subhiyah in the future, and hope to see Subhiyah and Hilton team up for more parodies!

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Benjie thinks a lot about cities, systems, and design. He's worked on urban issues that cover public life, engagement, technology, sustainable transportation, and informal systems. He's been published in Citylab, Next City, FutureEverything, and TED City 2.0. He's spoken in national and international conferences including Bloomberg and Atlantic's Citylab, Smart City Expo, Designing Cities, and Transforming Transportation. He spent nearly a decade in philanthropy supporting pioneering work such as Walk Score, Transit Score, Digital Matatus, CityCamp, TransportationCamp, the BRT Standard, the Informal City Dialogues, Code for America, and Gehl Institute.
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text:
Q: Apple Mach-O linker error in Xcode 6.0.1 (stable) in a project with CocoaPods I know some people will probably complain about this question, but I'm getting the following errors and just can't get any sense from it:

in text:
    Undefined symbols for architecture x86_64:
  "__TFSs26_forceBridgeFromObjectiveCU__FTPSs9AnyObject_MQ__Q_", referenced from:
      __TFC10SimpleTest14ViewController9writeTextfS0_FCSo15UIBarButtonItemT_ in ViewController.o
      __TFC10SimpleTest9Websocket17createHTTPRequestfS0_FT_T_ in Websocket.o
      __TFC10SimpleTest9Websocket19initStreamsWithDatafS0_FTCSo6NSDataSi_T_ in Websocket.o
      __TFC10SimpleTest9Websocket16disconnectStreamfS0_FGSqCSo7NSError_T_ in Websocket.o
      __TFC10SimpleTest9Websocket15errorWithDetailfS0_FTSS4codeVSs6UInt16_CSo7NSError in Websocket.o
      __TFFC10SimpleTest9Websocket15processResponseFS0_FCS0_10WSResponseSbU_FT_T_ in Websocket.o
  "__TFSsoi1oUSs17_RawOptionSetType_USs21BitwiseOperationsTypeSs9Equatable__FTQ_Q__Q_", referenced from:
      __TFC10SimpleTest11AppDelegate11applicationfS0_FTGSQCSo13UIApplication_29didFinishLaunchingWithOptionsGSQCSo12NSDictionary__Sb in AppDelegate.o
ld: symbol(s) not found for architecture x86_64
clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)

I think it has something to do with the bridging header. My project is in Swift but I added some pods (Obj-C). I've been searching for hours and couldn't find any working solution!
Thanks for your help!

A: Checkout this article about linking from Swift to Cocoapods:
https://medium.com/@stigi/swift-cocoapods-da09d8ba6dd2
Basically you need some extra includes in the new bridging-header.

A: Here are a few suggestions.  Remember to set the search path in the build settings to Pods and make it recursive.  Also, check to make sure the libPods.a entry is made in the target, for each target in your project.  Again, click on the topmost blue folder then General, to see the list of targets in your project.  Click on the individual targets to see if it is possible to add to the Frameworks.  If it is, click the plus sign and choose libPods.a from the list.
Remember to run pod update (from Terminal on a Mac) after making changes like this.  It is a good idea to rerun pod update anytime you make changes that are intended to modify a setting related to cocoapods.
In some cases I've been told to add a bridging header file to each main folder in my project, but have not yet found a case where that was required.
My experience with the mach o linker error  and cocoapods is that the problem is with targets not being linked through the frameworks option.

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Англійська мова(середня група»Соняшник»)20.11.17./23.11.17./28.11.17. | ЦЕНТР ВСЕБІЧНОГО РОЗВИТКУ "ЗЕРНЯТКО"
Дитина: Yes, it is./No,it isn't.
I can hop like a hare.
I can jump like a frog.
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I can run like a dog.
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Polly Parrot in a tree.
Micky Monkey in a tree .
Lindy Lion in a tree.
Harry Hippo in a tree.


Thank you for spending time with us at Worship With Kids! You have joined us at a great time. A new Worship With Kids! book will be out this summer and we will share all of the details with you right here. The book will include features that will link into this website, so in the next several months, you will see lots of changes.
In the meantime, enjoy our archive and share the stories and connecting articles with people you know, as often as you like!
As always, we would love to hear your story and any suggestions you have for how this resource can be more useful to you.
Use the form below or connect with us on facebook https://www.facebook.com/worshipwithkids/.


Put milk and sugar in large bag and seal. Add vanilla or cocoa for flavor and chocolate chiups.
Put the ice and salt in small bag.
Put the small bag inside large bag.
Shake the bag continuously for 10 minutes until mixed together and frozen (remember bag will get cold).
After shaking your ice cream it is ready to eat!


YOGA'S TOO GOOD TO LEAVE TO THE YOGA BUNNIES!
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I guess you knew I'd start banging on about the benefits of yoga sooner or later. After all, we all know that wellness and yoga go together like cheese and toast.
Rest assured, though, you won't be seeing any social media photos of me doing eye-watering poses while on a beach, surfboard, or mountain – or, in fact, anywhere. That's because I'm not exactly what you'd called gifted when it comes to yoga poses (unless it's the one that involves lying on the floor under a blanket at the end of the class).
Do you remember the girls at school who could do amazing cartwheels and handstands in the playground? Well, I wasn't one of them. Never been able to master a handstand, headstand or anything else that required any level of flexibility or balance. Being possessed of hamstrings more akin to iron girders, I've never been able to touch my toes either.
It's been five years since I started practising yoga and I still can't touch my toes. And the point I want to make is that none of that matters. I'm blessed with a wonderful teacher, Kate (here she is after her class in a local church hall).
Kate is not only a yoga teacher but trained in Ayurveda so she often explains to us what is happening to our digestion or circulation when we're doing a particular pose or breathing exercise. She doesn't push her class to do ridiculously difficult poses and she's very accommodating with adapting poses so that even people with iron girders for hamstrings can manage them.
Like me, she doesn't like the way yoga has been dressed up as something only for skinny, ultra-photogenic people in designer yoga wear who can tie themselves in pretzel shapes. Her approach is much closer to the original ideals of this 5,000-year-old practice and is completely holistic, which fits in nicely with my own ethos as a health coach.
Those poses that (thanks to all those impossibly idealised images we're fed) we associate with yoga are actually only a small part of this complex, ancient discipline. In fact, yoga encompasses the whole gamut of physical, mental and spiritual to bring about complete balance (something most of us are sorely lacking!).
Help reduce respiratory-related health problems such as asthma.


Our team at USIM is led by true visionaries in the media industry who have strategized for the world's top brands. With decades of experience and countless relationships under our belt, we keep a sharp eye on the future, adjusting plans based on a constantly evolving market. Innovation and industry leadership are a way of life at USIM. It's exactly this strategic vision that has made us the fastest growing independent agency, and our mindset is just as pioneering today as it was when our CEO Dennis Holt founded the media buying service concept in 1965.


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A Most Peculiar Malaysian Murder is the debut novel and the first installment in the Inspector Singh Investigates series by Shamini Flint.

Synopsis

The book opens with the murder of Alan Lee, a Malaysian Chinese businessman and playboy, with his widow the former model Chelsea Liew as the prime suspect. As Chelsea is a Singaporean and it's an election year in Singapore, the Singaporean government has sent a police detective (the titular Inspector Singh) to ensure that something is "being seen to be done" on part of the Singaporean government.

Unsurprisingly, the case of Alan Lee's death is anything but straightforward. Shortly before his death, Alan Lee was involved in a messy divorce and child custody battle with Chelsea, and to improve his chances of gaining custody of his children, had converted to Islam to deprive Chelsea of any chance of gaining custody of her children (without converting herself, which she is loath to do). At first, the Malaysian authorities refuse to listen to Singh's request to re-open what they see as a "cut and dried case", but when Chelsea's brother-in-law Jasper confesses to the murder of his brother Alan, it forces the police to re-open investigations into the murder: inspector Singh is not convinced that Jasper did shoot his brother — the gun that killed Alan has yet to be found.

Racing against time to reach the truth behind Alan's death, Inspector Singh and his Malaysian counterparts Inspector Mohammed and Sergeant Shukor must trawl through a twisted web of secret affairs, family feuds, forbidden love, as well as the dark side of Malaysia's logging and biofuels industry which even involves ethnic cleansing in East Malaysia ... before another murder with devastating consequences permanently shatters the fortunes of the Lee family.

References

External links
Hachette, Inspector Singh Investigates: A Most Peculiar Malaysian Murder: Number 1 in series

Crime novels
Novels set in Malaysia
2009 novels


The Avengers (as we know them) will assemble for one final time this April, in Avengers: Endgame.
It's Marvel's most anticipated film to date, and the fate of The Fallen lie within the remaining heroes' hands.
With exactly one month to go until Avengers: Endgame hits the big screen, Marvel have released 32 new character posters that will prepare you to see The Avengers, 'Avenge the Fallen'. Check them out below!
Avengers: Endgame hits UK cinemas April 25.


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ホーム>INTERVIEW
Students take initiative to eliminate discrimination against LGBTI. "What is the GSA program?". A conversation with Jouke van Buuren of "COC", Dutch LGBTI rights organization with a history of 75 years.
Did you know that the Netherlands, where the world's first same-sex marriage was realized in 2001, is home to the world's oldest still existing LGBTI rights organization called "COC"? They are mainly involved in activities to further increase the social acceptance of LGBTI, legal equality and are committed to supporting the LGBTI movement in more than 30 countries around the world. In recent 15 years they have also been focusing on providing support to educational institutions that correspond to junior and senior high schools, which includes creating a mechanism for LGBTI activities, and providing materials.
"Promoting the understanding of LGBTI in educational institutions has greatly improved by taking a bottom-up rather than a top-down approach" says Jouke van Buuren, COC national program manager.
This time, we asked Jouke about the GSA program, which is especially important in increasing the understanding of LGBTI among junior and senior high school students.
— A team consisting of actual LGBTI-students and allies are active throughout the year to ensure that correct information reaches other students and make the school safe for everyone.
–Please tell us what made you decide to work with COC.
I've known since I was around 14 that I was gay and knew about COC, but the COC never gave an information lesson at my high school.. The first time I met members of COC was when I had an internship opportunity after majoring in applied psychology. I joined because I wanted to find out about what was going on at COC and how I could be involved in order to help make it a better organization.
Shortly after joining, I was impressed by COC's way of working, by supporting students to take the initiative to take action themselves, rather than just giving something to them. I also felt that it is an organization where many LGBTI people are able to enhance each other. After the internship, I officially started working as a staff member of COC.
–What kind of activities has COC been doing since its establishment?
The 75-year-old COC began providing information to educational institutions in the 1970s. The program started out with two volunteer members visiting schools and hosting a 45-minute dialogue in front of students about their experiences related to coming out and sexuality. Rather than books or data, hearing the story from a person is valuable and leaves an impression, but this alone does not provide a safe environment for LGBTI students.
Approximately 30 years later, we greatly changed our methods to reach LGBTI at more schools with correct information, by providing free LGBTI teaching packages for teachers and setting up a diversity day once a month. However, these new efforts did not work.
The main reason was that there were many school directors and teachers who did not feel the need for the teaching package, they didn't order it saying that "there is no need because we do not have LGBTI students in our school". I believe the problem was that those in charge at the schools were often unaware of the problems and issues that LGBTI students faced, and therefore showed no interest.
After these failures, it was in 2008 that we turned to activities centered on the GSA program and got into the swing of things. The GSA is a program where LGBTI students and their straight-cisgender allies form an LGBTI ally group at schools that through actions and campaigns promote understanding of LGBTI throughout the year.
As of 2021, GSAs have been established in 80% of secondary schools in the Netherlands. We believe that establishing a system that allows students who have the best understanding of the actual conditions and characteristics of the school, carrying out activities from the bottom up, will lead to an improved environment on campus.
–It is important to always take on challenges in order to eliminate the sense of discrimination e 20 years after the establishment of same-sex marriage.
–Please tell us the reason why you continue to work mainly in middle/high schools, even if there are many children who have grown up with same-sex marriage as something that is normal.
One of the main reasons why we continue our activities is that even after 20 years of same-sex marriage, discrimination against LGBTI people, such as bullying and violence, has not disappeared. This is especially true for the age group who attend middle and high schools.
According to one study, LGBTI youth are five times more likely to think of suicide than those who are straight and cisgender. Students should not have to deal with discriminatory behavior from others in school, where they spend most of their day.
Achieving same-sex marriage as the first in the world is certainly a big win, and something to be proud of as the Netherlands, but the LGBTI battle is not over at all. We are still far from being a society where gay and lesbian couples can walk hand in hand through Amsterdam, the capital of the Netherlands, and there is still discrimination in particular against minorities such as people of color, transgender people, and asylum seekers from other countries.
Soon after the introduction of same-sex marriage, it was clear that the emancipation struggle was not over. For example, there were municipal officials (who perform a marriage in The Netherlands) who refused to marry same-sex couples., So there have been cases where people have submitted their marriage registration to the city hall and the staff refused to approve their marriage because it was a same-sex marriage. The law was amended to prevent the staff from refusing approval for personal reasons. I believe that in order to eliminate discrimination, it is necessary to repeat the process of resolving issues that stand in the way, even after things have been improved.
–Finally, please tell us about your future COC activities.
I believe that the LGBTI community will remain a minority group in the future, but our activities will continue until we reach a society where human rights are given equally to people in vulnerable positions in society.
The environment surrounding the LGBTI community could deteriorate at any time, so we will continue to monitor the movements of conservative forces in the country and the region. COC alone cannot decide where the Netherlands of the future will go, but I believe that we will be a major force in changing our society to the one we want it to be.
◆ Dutch LGBTI Rights Group COC
The world's oldest still existing LGBTI rights advocacy group established in the Netherlands in 1946. In recent years, with the cooperation of the government started efforts in the field of education, with activities such as "Purple Fridays", which shows solidarity with LGBTI people, and the GSA Network, a national education and empowerment program for educational institutions that correspond to secondary schools are implemented. Young people and LGBTI allies/supporters take the lead in creating mechanisms to promote activities and providing support.
日本語版はこちらから
Photo courtesy/ COC
Interview/ Takashi Haga
Production / newTOKYO
【痛快な一冊】俺も生理休暇使っていい? ジェンダーに基づく400の駄言を収録した「早く絶版になってほしい #駄言辞典」
日本社会の多様性を阻むステレオタイプの撲滅を目指す「NIKKEI UNSTEREOTYPE ACTION」の一環として発行された「早く絶版になってほしい #駄言辞典」。 古いステレオタイプにより発せられる「人の心を傷つける言葉」を駄言(だげん)と名付けツイッターなどで募集。集まったおよそ1200の投稿から厳選した400の駄言を「女性らしさ」「キャリア・仕事能力」「生活能力・家事」「子育て」「恋愛・… もっと読む »


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joshuakimmis [9:05 AM] Josh is one of our Content Specialists here at CV North America. Having joined our team a year ago, he's already managed to bring a wealth of knowledge to our content department. Josh graduated from John Brown University in 2014 with a Bachelor of Science in Digital Cinema where he learned the dynamic process of narrative storytelling to compliment his already in-depth knowledge of shooting, editing, and motion graphics. Although he's been with us since April 2016, his career really started back in 2005 when he started volunteering with the media team at Lake Pointe Church in Rockwall, TX. Running cameras and directing live services taught Josh the importance of anticipating a shot as well as clear communication skills. In his off time, Josh and his wife have their hands with their new puppy, Pippin! Whether he's serving on the media team at his home church, hanging out with friends and family, or ministering in the office, Josh longs to make Christ known.
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Well, the chili pepper is the fruit of the plants from the genus Capsicum (CAP-see-coom) which are members of the nightshade family. All capsicum species are indigenous to South America which means that growing them in a climate such as the South Of England is less than ideal and can prove a challenge.
Capsicum Annuum (ANN-you-um) is actually a perennial and is the most widely cultivated of the the five species. These tend to be more tolerant of the cooler climate and most of the cultivars I have grown in the past (and am planning to grow this year)tend to be from here.
Capsicum Chinense (chi-NEN-see) is another one that's named incorrectly as the species is originally from the Amazon Basin. This species has most of the really hot stuff in it like the Scotch Bonnet and Habanero. In my experience these don't do quite as well as then annuums in the UK as they generally require a longer growing season which we tend not to have.
Capsicum Frutescens (fru-TES-enz) includes the cultivar Tabasco. Everyone knows of the tabasco because of the world famous sauce. These varieties tend to have small bushy plants that are well suited to containers. They tend to be heavy croppers too and a single plant can produce 100 or more fruits.
Capsicum Baccatum (bah-COT-tum or bah-KAY-tum) generally grow quite tall and the name means 'berry-like'.
Capsicum Pubescens (pew-BES-enz) is the most difficult to grow and as a result is the least widely cultivated. It's name means 'hairy'.
Anyway, enough facts for now – what to grow this year?
You can't beat a bit of heat can you? Chilli peppers, chillies, chilies, chiles – however you choose to spell it – are highly addictive. You know you're in trouble when you start having Jamaican Hot Pepper sauce instead of ketchup on your scrambled eggs in the morning!
There's only one thing better than a nice hot chili pepper and that's a nice hot fresh chili pepper that you've grown yourself and picked straight from the plant.
There are lots of factors that can influence the year's crop – the plant varieties chosen, propagation methods, how and where you choose to grow the seedlings on and knowledge and experience learned from previous attempts but perhaps the most significant factor is the one thing I can't do much about – the climate!


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Review: 2014 Honda Civic Si Coupe
The ninth generation Honda Civic, including the high-performance Si model, has been a constantly evolving affair. There have been numerous interior and exterior updates each year since the car was redesigned in 2012—something fairly unheard of in the auto industry these days. We've driven the 2012 Civic Si and 2013 Civic Si, so when the 2014 Si came up for review, I initially wondered if there'd be any difference. Well, sure enough, Honda made yet another round of changes to the Civic Si for '14, and luckily, they're all good moves.
The '14 model has a different, more aggressive front and rear fascia. Our tester also included $1,300+ worth of optional front lip, rear valence, and side skirts. Also different: Orange Fire Pearl paint. This orange hue actually makes the car look pretty sporty and I dig it. The combination of body kit bits, revised front end, and orange finish help the car look less long and awkward, too. I've previously said the Civic coupe almost has a fish-like look to it. These body add-ons help reduce that, and I think the car looks best in brighter shades. I still, however, am not a fan of the 18" wheels, which look like they were pulled directly off a Hot Wheels car. However, the overall look is more aggressive, more sporty, and better looking than any other ninth-gen Civic Si to date. Still not lusty, but at least it's making an effort.
The interior is very similar to previous models we've tested. There's the triangular-like "Aztec temple" gauge cluster, complete with digital speedo and analog tach, and separate menu screen to the right. The digital speedometer with separate tachometer is off-putting at first, but you learn to actually appreciate its functionality. The sporty Si seats are comfortable with plenty of lateral bolstering, too. I like the color inserts, but wish the seats were heated. In classic Honda fashion, however, the general ergonomics are outstanding with everything falling within arm's reach.
The car has a seven-inch LCD touch-screen head unit which included the company's HondaLink infotainment system. I found the touch screen menus to be straightforward enough, but in execution, there always seems to be one too many steps to get to what you want. Another thing: Where's my damn volume knob? Adjusting the volume is cumbersome due to touch-screen slider built into the display, making it nearly impossible to quickly turn down (or up) the volume. Why is this better than a knob? (It's not!) I employed the steering wheel-mounted audio controls instead, which work much better. The 360-watt seven-speaker stereo sounds good, but I would've expected more bass range from a subwoofer-equipped system. It is very clear, though.
Another new-for-'14 feature is the camera mounted on the passenger-side mirror. When you go to make a right turn or right lane change, the LDC screen shows the area next to the car to ensure there's no one there and it's safe to change lanes. There are a few hash marks on the screen to gauge how far back the other car is, too. You can also press a button on the turn signal stalk to turn the camera on if you just want to have a look. It takes some getting used to and is actually a bit annoying at first. But I grew to like the system.
For 2014, the Si gets another five horsepower, thanks to a revised exhaust system. This brings total horsepower up to 205 at a very high 7,000 RPM. The fast-revving "big block" 2.4-liter four-cylinder engine produces 174 ft/lbs. of torque at 4,400 RPM, and combined with the very good gearing, makes for plenty of usable torque. The engine remains sewing-machine smooth, and still produces a symphonic engine/exhaust note in the upper rev range. The car also still has its world-class six-speed manual transmission—one of the best on the automotive market. It's extremely precise with a slight mechanical feel to it. But it is truly wonderful, and makes you wonder why all manufacturers don't make them this good. My only gripe is the sewing on the shifter knob was a bit rough and irritated my palm after a while.
Acceleration feels quick and linear; handling is precise with fast turn in and fairly flat cornering. There's also the legitimate mechanical limited slip differential—something that sets the Si apart from other front-drive performance-oriented vehicles, such as the Scion tC, which has an open diff, and Hyundai Veloster Turbo, which has electronic torque vectoring instead of a true LSD. The Si's handling makes you want to take it into the twisties, flog it at the autocross, or attend a track day. It just feels right. It's not the fastest kid on the block in a straight line, but it handles very well; exceedingly so for a front-drive car.
Our orange test model stickered at $23,780. Add on that body kit ($1,311) and that brings things up to the $25,000 range, which I feel is still adequate. At the $23K mark, I'd say the Si is a performance bargain. No, it's not rear-wheel drive, no it doesn't have a turbo, and no, it'll never have either. But like so many Si models before it, everything just comes together in one great-driving package. The looks are better than before, but still not something I get hot and bothered about. The engine and transmission, however, are truly sexy.
Choices are limited in the front-wheel-drive performance coupe category these days, as most manufacturers are opting to tart up their hatchbacks or offer smallish rear-drive sports cars. However, if you've got to have FWD and want a sporty two door, the Si is the one you want. The 2014 Si proves that the third time (or third year) is the charm. Well, at least it's the best of three ...
Labels: Civic, coupe, Honda, review


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April 19, 2018 / 12:40 PM / 2 years ago
TCS sees rebound in financial client spending in 2018/19
Sankalp Phartiyal, Promit Mukherjee
MUMBAI (Reuters) - India's Tata Consultancy Services Ltd (TCS) expects a rebound in spending by its key banking, financial services and insurance (BFSI) clients this financial year, it said on Thursday, as it posted its biggest-ever profit, helped by deal wins.
Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) Chief Executive Officer Rajesh Gopinathan attends a news conference announcing the company's quarterly results in Mumbai, India, April 19, 2018. REUTERS/Danish Siddiqui
India's top software services exporter is more confident about BFSI revenues from North America as client discussions show there is "not much stress left in the system," and this could potentially translate into better client spending through the course of the year, CEO Rajesh Gopinathan told reporters.
"We are seeing strong demand in digital, in security and blockchain, in analytics, data," Chief Operating Officer N Ganapathy Subramaniam said. "All this gives us the confidence that BFSI should grow."
Western BFSI clients account for TCS' biggest revenue stream, but their low spending on technology has led to sluggish growth in the segment.
Deal wins in the quarter to March helped the Mumbai-headquartered company post its biggest-ever net profit of 69.04 billion rupees ($1.05 billion), beating analysts' average estimate of 67.98 billion rupees, according to Thomson Reuters data.
Gopinathan said TCS' early investments in digital technologies such as cloud, analytics and big data were paying off as the company remained well-positioned to transform clients' businesses.
"The ability to transform comes from our ability to participate right from the back-end to the front-end and have a full spectrum of solutions." Gopinathan said.
As traditional businesses get disrupted by nimble and agile start-ups globally, India's $154 billion IT industry says it is helping clients transform legacy businesses using digital services.
TCS, India's most valuable listed company with a market capitalisation of about $92 billion and part of salt-to-software conglomerate Tata group, reported 320.75 billion rupees as income from operations, a rise of 8.2 percent from a year ago.
Shares in the company closed 1 percent higher ahead of the results in a broader Mumbai market that ended up 0.37 percent.
TCS' smaller rival Infosys Ltd kicked off the earnings season last week with a higher profit and a healthy revenue forecast for the year, though its margin guidance failed to cheer investors.
($1 = 65.7800 Indian rupees)
Additional reporting by Tanvi Mehta in Bengaluru; Editing by Jane Merriman and Mark Potter


Planning to travel from Bordeaux Airport and not sure where to fly? Find out about all flights from Bordeaux, take advantage of our offers and travel for less on our price comparison website.
Find out about all flights from Bordeaux, take advantage of our offers and travel for less on our price comparison website.
Dublin is a city filled with character and bursting with Irish traditions!
From its underground to its highest summits, Berlin is such an exciting place to visit!
London's calling: welcome to a bustling world city packed to the brim with things to see and do!
Expect a colourful trip filled with wonderful tastes and smells in warm and welcoming Marrakech.
Jet off to Amsterdam for a unique trip by the canals!
Fly off to Athens, a welcoming city that never sleeps.


Modern Language Association; Editorial Board, French Cultural Studies; Paralax; Sites: Journal of 20th Century and Contemporary French Studies.
John Simon Guggenheim Fellowship, 1999; National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship, 1999; Princeton Institute for Advanced Study, 1999.
Communal Luxury: The Political Imaginary of the Paris Commune. Verso, 2015. French edition, La Fabrique, 2015.
2005. Re-edition Editions Agone 2011.
Fast Cars, Clean Bodies: Decolonization and the Reordering of French Culture. MIT Press. 1995.
French translation, re-edition, Flammarion, 2006.
The Emergence of Social Space: Rimbaud and the Paris Commune. University of Minnesota Press. 1988.
French translation, Les Prairies Ordinaires, 2012.
Everyday Life, co-ed., Yale French Studies, no. 73. Fall 1987.


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The Top Tech SEO Strategies for 2022 and Beyond
The author's views are entirely his or her own (excluding the unlikely event of hypnosis) and may not always reflect the views of Moz.
Last year was an incredible year for Core Updates, and for changes to how SEOs improve page quality for users. Moving forward, we can expect to see increased diversification of SERPs, led by developments in Google's algorithms, and new features from tools like Google Lens. These developments will change how we manage our SEO now and in the future.
Multimedia first
Why should you consider a multimedia-first SEO strategy?
MUM is the latest in Google's suite of super-powerful algorithms, which help them to understand information in new and different ways. It runs alongside BERT, but it's actually much more powerful than BERT.
MUM stands for "multitask unified model", and not only does it process natural language, but it does so in over 75 languages — and counting. It's also able to process text and images with a similar quality, and is increasing its ability to process video and audio in the near future. This means we're likely to see the impact of this in the SERPs, specifically what they look like, which is also likely to shape some of the targeted algorithm updates in the future.
This shift in focus is a natural evolution of a mobile-first digital experience that allows users to engage with content dynamically using a mix of inputs, outputs, and tools, often simultaneously. Google's push towards better understanding — and towards ranking media like image and video — will require SEOs to look at multimedia content with fresh eyes.
Which short-term multimedia optimizations should you prioritize in 2022?
Visual recognition for Google Lens
Google has invested significantly in image recognition solutions for almost 10 years, but they have recently picked up the pace and scale of its integration into everyday search.
As a result, improvements to and new uses for Google Lens have been front and center at flagship events like Google I/O and SearchOn during the last 12 months, while their future plans to move into health depend significantly on honing their visual search abilities.
In 2021, they added Google Lens directly into the search widget for Pixel, Android phones, and onto Chrome's mobile search bar. Last year's Google Lens updates included the ability to translate text in over 100 languages via AR and carry out targeted visual searches of screenshots. Add to this list of features their upcoming rollout of a MUM-enabled ability to "Add Questions" to Lens searches, and you can see that change is afoot.
How does Google Lens impact image SEO?
Standard image optimization elements like alt-text, schema markup, file names, image titles, and file sizes will continue to be important and relevant in regards to how search engines understand your image. Building upon this, though, elements like composition will also come to the fore. This means that SEOs might need to have more strategic conversations about what images look like, as well as how they're rendered on a site.
This is because, while AI-driven image processing tools like Google Cloud's Vision AI and Google Lens are developing rapidly, images that have clear composition will be better understood for visual search than images that are cluttered, complex, or partially visible.
Simply put, cleaner images mean that your content is surfaced with more relevant search results and business outcomes.
SEO value of image composition
Need to illustrate the point to stakeholders? Released in 2015, Vision AI's image recognition tech underpins many of the functions of Google Lens, and their free demo tool can be used to demonstrate how images are interpreted at a high level. Pair this with real-time Google Lens results to illustrate where you should be concentrating your image optimization efforts as MUM matures.
Google's Vision AI API testing tool.
Case in point, in the diagram below, you can see two photos of the same enamel teapot as analyzed with Google Cloud's Vision AI API testing tool and then with Google Lens.
In the image where you can't see the handle and spout at the same time, the Vision AI interprets the photo as a Tableware object with 76% certainty and adds Kettle as the most relevant searchable label with 74% certainty. Conversely, the image with the teapot in the profile is understood as a Teapot with 94% certainty and given a Teapot label with 89% certainty.
How composition impacts Vision AI interpretation of images.
When we click through to the SERPs for kettle and teapot, we can see a clear difference in results. It is also clear that the latter is a much closer match to the actual object, thus more likely to satisfy customer needs, resulting in more click-throughs and driving better SEO for the site overall.
Left shows results for 'Kettle'. Right shows results for 'Teapot'
When we search the same images directly in Google Lens, the overall results are better: this time both are showing enamel teapots. But again, we see that the side profile photo is delivering near-exact matches to my IRL teapot. Thus, better photo composition equates to better search optimization.
Better images give more relevant in Google Lens.
In practice, this means that while there may be a desire to fill a site with stylish lifestyle or Instagram-ready images, for SEO purposes, it is important to prioritize clean, — dare I say "boring" — images, particularly for transactional pages like product listings.
While this methodology is not necessarily new, the accessibility and integration of "search what you see" tools in the daily search experience will make image composition considerations for SEO a priority moving forward.
AI is allowing Google to make comparable strides with video and audio analysis, meaning investment in the knowledge of audio quality and video aesthetics could pay SEO dividends in the future.
Security for speed
Security and speed are both established ranking factors. During the great Core Web Vitals push of 2021, many came to understand that the two elements are closely linked. On an individual account level, I've seen server security optimization improve page performance for multiple clients. On a larger scale, when hosting platform Wix tripled their year-over-year CWV performance, enhancements like universal HTTP/2 to improve SSL times were critical to the task.
In the coming year, we will see Google prioritize security in its products and search services. Chrome promises the rollout of increased security and privacy tools, with updates that will include security features for <iframes> and cross-site navigation that add more checks as users transfer between links and use certain features.
This could give sites with top-tier security a competitive advantage for speed, page experience, and conversions in the coming year. And as the desktop page experience ranking update arrives in February 2022, the impact may be seen across many more domains.
Add to this trend the enthusiastic adoption of high-speed HTTP/3 by big tech players like Facebook and Google, and you can see that legacy tech will struggle to keep pace with user and bot expectations.
The use of HTTP/3, the latest HTTP protocol, has seen a fivefold increase across the web in the last year and is now live on about 25% of domains. Though this protocol is active on Cloudflare and many other top cloud providers, it is not yet standard. If you want to make the most of the benefits here, you may need to manually enable the update for your main server and/or CDN. And if you're considering a new CDN or server partner in the coming year, this should be a deciding factor.
SEO specialisms for Google channel diversity
Google continues to reduce friction as users move between their dedicated channels and apps. In the process, they're creating a more dynamic and niche SERP that requires SEO specialism to gain traction.
Click-throughs for some SERP results go to Google managed channels and apps.
From a user experience, this makes for rich mobile-friendly SERPs, which take users directly into high-performance apps like Google Maps and dedicated channels like Google Travel. Furthermore, it affords Google the opportunity to access and combine the information users need in a highly contextualized manner. Since Google-managed properties give them control over many informational feeds at once, enhancing and connecting existing channels will be essential to their aims to serve ever more nuanced search results.
While this has long been the preserve of transactional verticals like shopping and hotels, Google's commitment to multi-modality means this is likely to become more prevalent amongst queries at the top of the funnel as well. This means SEO efforts must also be made to optimize profiles and performance within each of the most relevant channels in order to maximize visibility in the SERPs. Due to the rate of change for each channel, SEO generalism is increasingly less likely to build a critical mass for impact. Instead, coordinated teams for SEO specialisms are likely to see the most gains.
If we look at Local Inventory Ads (LIA) for instance, we can see optimizations for multiple channels converge to make a complex, high-value search feature. Introduced last year, this free and paid Google Shopping feature allows users to find products in stock at shops near their location. Google uses data and content from websites, Google Business Profiles, Maps, and Merchant Center to surface this information when users need it. Ongoing optimization for LIA requires expertise in each of these channels, running in tandem with a collection of SEO skill sets.
All of this is to say that assembling a well-rounded SEO team will be essential to top performance as multimodal search evolves. Consider nurturing in-house channel champions and/or engaging external product experts via an agency or freelance support, and coordinate to achieve business goals in search.
Borderless international SEO
In the coming year, three factors will become significant drivers for international SEO: the rise of borderless e-commerce, the maturity of AI translation tools, and the rollout of MUM.
Borderless e-commerce
Digital acceleration has changed our digital experience significantly.
The relevance of a business's physical location, currency, and time zone is shifting, and the barriers to entry for brands to go global are being significantly reduced. Brick-and-mortar businesses still have a significant impact on local SEO and local pack SERPs, but customers are increasingly more willing (and more often, expecting) to buy from retailers outside their country. Research shows that tentative markets, where around 40% of consumers were willing to purchase from overseas sellers in 2016, had shifted to 55% willingness in 2021.
Shopify launched Shopify Markets at the start of Q4 2021, full of confidence in this global retail trend and its potential for sellers, meaning that competition here is likely to heat up in the coming months.
As SEOs, our task is to meet customers where they are, and this change in customer expectations brings opportunities for business growth. To get started here, consider tried-and-tested international SEO tactics alongside low-cost, low-friction market entry channels like free Google Merchant Listings.
If your international growth includes selling on top international marketplaces like Amazon, Wish, AliExpress, or eBay, consider optimizing your landing pages and on-site e-commerce E-A-T to build trust with new customers. Finally, think mobile-first for shoppers in Asia and other emerging markets.
All in all, I'm optimistic. As MUM matures we should see more varied content types emerge from around the web. Improvements to speed and security are a win for everyone. More layered SERP features help to demonstrate the importance of SEO. And building a borderless customer base helps to make brands more resilient in a changeable marketplace. Some of the changes we are likely to see are substantial, but they should move SEO in a positive direction.
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Who doesn't like to have a good experience consuming content?
I know I do. And isn't that what we – as both a consumer of content and a marketer of content – all want?
What if you create such a good experience that your audience doesn't even realize it's an "experience?" Here's a helpful mish-mash of easy-to-do things to make that possible.
1. Write with an inclusive heart
There's nothing worse than being in a conversation with someone who constantly talks about themselves. Check your text to see how often you write the words – I, me, we, and us. Now, count how often the word "you" is used. If the first-person uses are disproportionate to the second-person uses, edit to delete many first-person references and add more "you" to the text.
You want to let your audience know they are included in the conversation. I like this tip shared in Take Binary Bias Out of Your Content Conversations by Content Marketing World speaker Ruth Carter: Go through your text and replace exclusionary terms such as he/him and she/her with they/them pronouns.
Go through your text and replace exclusionary terms such as he/him and she/her with they/them pronouns, says @rbcarter via @Brandlovellc @CMIContent. #WritingTips Click To Tweet
2. Make your content shine brighter with an AI assist
Content published online should look different than the research papers and essays you wrote in school. While you should adhere to grammar rules and follow a style guide as best as possible, you also should prioritize readability. That requires scannable and easily digestible text – headings, bulleted text, short sentences, brief paragraphs, etc.
Use a text-polishing aid such as Hemingway Editor (free and paid versions) to cut the dead weight from your writing. Here's how its color-coded review system works and the improvements to make:
Yellow – lengthy, complex sentences, and common errors
Fix: Shorten or split sentences.
Red – dense and complicated text
Fix: Remove hurdles and keep your readers on a simpler path.
Pink – lengthy words that could be shortened
Fix: Scroll the mouse over the problematic word to identify potential substitutes.
Blue – adverbs and weakening phrases
Fix: Delete them or find a better way to convey the thought.
Green – passive voice
Fix: Rewrite for active voice.
Grammarly's paid version works well, too. The premium version includes an AI-powered writing assistant, readability reports, a plagiarism checker, citation suggestions, and more than 400 additional grammar checks.
In the image below, Grammarly suggests a way to rephrase the sentence from:
"It is not good enough any longer to simply produce content "like a media company would".
"It is no longer good enough to produce content "as a media company would".
Much cleaner, right?
See what I did with the intro (and here)? I posed questions to try to engage with you. When someone asks a question – even in writing – the person hearing (or reading) it is likely to pause for a split second to consider their answer. The reader's role changes from a passive participant to an active one. Using this technique also can encourage your readers to interact with the author, maybe in the form of an answer in the comments.
4. Include links
Many content marketers include internal and external links in their text for their SEO value. But you also should add links to help your readers. Consider including links to help a reader who wants to learn more about the topic. You can do this in a couple of ways:
You can link the descriptive text in the article to content relevant to those words (as I did in this bullet point)
You can list the headlines of related articles as a standalone feature (see the gray box labeled Handpicked Related Content at the end of this article).
Add links to guide readers to more information on a topic – not just for SEO purposes says @Brandlovellc via @CMIContent. #WritingTips Click To Tweet
You also can include on-page links or bookmarks in the beginning (a table of contents, of sorts) in longer pieces to help the reader more quickly access the content they seek to help you learn more about a topic. This helps the reader and keeps visitors on your website longer.
5. Don't forget the 'invisible' text
Alt text is often an afterthought – if you think about it all. Yet, it's essential to have a great content experience for people who use text-to-speech readers. Though it doesn't take too much time, I find that customizing the image description content instead of relying on the default technology works better for audience understanding.
First, ask if a listener would miss something if they didn't have the image explained. If they wouldn't, the image is decorative and probably doesn't need alt text. You publish it for aesthetic reasons, such as to break up a text-heavy page. Or it may repeat information already appearing in the text (like I did in the Hemingway and Grammarly examples above).
If the listener would miss out if the image weren't explained well, it is informative and requires alt text. General guidelines indicate up to 125 characters (including spaces) work best for alt text. That's a short sentence or two to convey the image's message. Don't forget to include punctuation.
General guidelines indicate up to 125 characters (including spaces) work best for alt text, says @Brandlovellc via @CMIContent. Click To Tweet
For both decorative and informative images, include the photo credits, permissions, and copyright information, in the caption section.
For example, if I were writing an article about Best Dogs for Families, I would include an image of a mini Bernedoodle as an example because they make great family pets. Let's use this image of my adorable puppy, Henri, and I'll show you both a good and bad example of alt text.
An almost useless alt-text version: "An image showing a dog."
It wastes valuable characters with the phrase "an image showing."
Use the available characters for a more descriptive alt text: "Author's tri-colored (brown, white, black, grey wavy hair), merle mini Bernedoodle, Henri, lying on green grass."
It's more descriptive, and I only used 112 characters, including spaces.
Want to learn more? Alexa Heinrich, an award-winning social media strategist, has a helpful article on writing effective image descriptions called The Art of Alt Text. @A11yAwareness on Twitter is also a great resource for accessibility tips.
Improve your content and better the experience
Do any of these suggestions feel too hard to execute? I hope not. They don't need a bigger budget to execute. They don't need a lengthy approval process to implement. And they don't demand much more time in production.
They just need you to remember to execute them the next time you write (and the time after that, and the time after that, and the … well, you get the idea.)
If you have an easy-to-implement tip to improve the content experience, please leave it in the comments. I may include it in a future update.
All tools mentioned in the article are identified by the author. If you have a tool to suggest, please feel free to add it in the comments.
If you have an idea for an original article you'd like to share with the CMI audience, you could get it published on the site. First, read our blogging guidelines and write or adjust your draft accordingly. Then submit the post for consideration following the process outlined in the guidelines.
In appreciation for guest contributors' work, we're offering free registration to one paid event or free enrollment in Content Marketing University to anyone who gets two new posts accepted and published on the CMI site in 2023.
HANDPICKED RELATED CONTENT:
Cover image by Joseph Kalinowski/Content Marketing Institute
Product marketing is essential, even if you only sell one or two products at your organization.
Whew! We made it to 2023! As we closed in on the end of the year in December, the finish line seemed awfully far away. Many marketers told me they were busier than ever.
I myself was fielding calls for strategy help, working on business deals and managing the chaos all the way to the eve of Christmas Eve, something that rarely happens in my 20-plus-year career.
Look back and celebrate, then move on
The first business for 2023 will be to step back, clear your head and take stock of all the great things you accomplished in 2022 despite the odds (i.e., coming out of COVID, going into a rebound and COVID round 2, moving into supply-chain shortages and other hiccups, facing down a potential recession) and how they affected the work you did to succeed.
And now it's 2023. I hope you got your budget request approved and you're ready to move ahead with a clean slate and new KPIs to hit. You're probably wondering, "What can I do now to grow my program?
3 directional changes to grow your email program
Naturally, every marketer's goals will be unique. We have different audiences, challenges, resources and goals. But I'm focusing on three major directional changes with my clients this year. Which of these could help you succeed this year?
1. Stop sending so many emails
Yeah, I know. That sounds strange coming from somebody who believes wholeheartedly in email and its power to build your business. But even I have my limits!
Email during this last holiday shopping season was insane. In my 20+ years in the email industry, I cannot remember a time, even during the lockdown days of COVID-19, when my inbox was so full.
I'm not the only one who noticed. Your customers also perceived that their inboxes were getting blasted to the North Pole. And they complained about it, as the Washington Post reported ("Retailers fire off more emails than ever trying to get you to shop").
I didn't run any numbers to measure volume, isolate cadences or track frequency curves. But every time I turned around, I saw emails pouring into my inbox.
My advice for everyone on frequency: If you throttled up during the holiday, now it's time to throttle back.
This should be a regularly scheduled move. But it's important to make sure your executives understand that higher email frequency, volume and cadence aren't the new email norm.
If you commit to this heavier schedule, you'll drive yourself crazy and push your audience away, to other brands or social media.
If you did increase cadence, what did it do for you? You might have hit your numbers, but consider the long-term costs:
More unsubscribes.
More spam complaints.
Deliverability problems.
Lower revenue per email.
Take what you learned from your holiday cadence as an opportunity to discover whether it's a workable strategy or only as a "break glass in case of emergency" move.
My advice? Slow down. Return to your regular volume, frequency and cadence. Think of your customers and their reactions to being inundated with emails over 60 days.
2. Stop spamming
In that Washington Post article I mentioned earlier, I was encouraged that it cited one of my email gripes — visiting websites and then getting emails without granting permission first.
I could have given the Post a salty quote about my experiences with SafeOpt and predatory email experiences ("Business stress is no excuse to spam") for visitors to its clients' websites.
Successful email marketers believe in the sanctity of permission. That permission-based practice is what you want to be involved in. Buying a list means you don't hire a company to sell you one, whether it's a data broker or a tech provider like SafeOpt.
Spamming people doesn't work in the long term. Sure, I've heard stories from people who say they use purchased lists or companies like SafeOpt and it makes them money. But that's a singular view of the impact.
Email is the only marketing channel where you can do it wrong but still make money. But does that make it right?
The problem with the "it made us money" argument is that there's nowhere to go after that. Are you measuring how many customers you lost because you spammed them or the hits your sender reputation took?
You might hit a short-term goal but lose the long-term battle. When you become known as an unreliable sender, you risk losing access to your customers' inboxes.
Aside from the permission violation, emailing visitors after they leave your site is a wasted effort for three reasons:
A visit is not the same as intent. You don't know why they landed on your site. Maybe they typed your URL as a mistake or discovered immediately that your brand wasn't what they wanted. Chasing them with emails won't bring them back.
You aren't measuring interest. Did they visit multiple pages or check out your "About" or FAQ pages? As with intent, just landing on a page doesn't signal interest.
They didn't give you their email address. If they had interest or intent, they would want to connect with your brand. No email address, no permission.
Good email practice holds that email performs best when it's permission-based. Most ESPs and ISPs operate on that principle, as do many email laws and regulations.
But even in the U.S., where opt-out email is still legal, that doesn't mean you should send an email without permission just because somebody landed on your website.
3. Do one new thing
Many email marketers will start the year with a list of 15 things they want to do over the next two months. I try to temper those exuberant visions by focusing on achievable goals with this question:
"What one thing could you do this year that could make a great difference in your email program's success?"
When I started a job as head of strategy for Acxiom, I wanted to come up with a long list of goals to impress my new boss. I showed it to my mentor, the great David Baker and he said, "Can you guarantee that you can do all of these things and not just do them but hit them out of the park?"
"That's why you don't put down that many goals," he said. "Go in with just one. When that one is done, come up with the next one. Then do another. If you propose five projects, your boss will assume you will do five projects. If you don't, it just means you didn't get it done."
That was some of the best advice I've ever received and I pass it on to you.
Come up with one goal, project or change that will drive your program forward. Take it to your boss and say, "Here's what I'm going to do this year."
To find that one project, look at your martech and then review MarTech's six most popular articles from 2022 for expert advice.
You'll find plenty of ideas and tips to help you nail down your one big idea to drive growth and bring success. But be realistic. You don't know what events could affect your operations.
Drive your email program forward in 2023
The new year has barely begun, but I had a little trouble getting motivated to take on what's shaping up to be a beast of a year. You, too?
I enjoyed my time off over the holidays. Got in some golf with my dad and his buddies, ate great food and took time to step back and appreciate the phenomenal people I work with and our amazing industry.
What gets me going at last? Reaching out to my team, friends and you. Much of my motivation comes from fellow marketers — what you need, what you worry about and what I can do to help you succeed.
If you're on the struggle bus with me, borrow some motivation from your coworkers and teammates, so we can gather together 12 months from now and toast each other for making it through another year.
It's time to strap on your marketer helmet and hit the starter. Here's to another great year together. Let's get the job done!
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Opinions expressed in this article are those of the guest author and not necessarily MarTech. Staff authors are listed here.
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As the co-founder of RPEOrigin.com, Ryan Phelan's two decades of global marketing leadership has resulted in innovative strategies for high-growth SaaS and Fortune 250 companies. His experience and history in digital marketing have shaped his perspective on creating innovative orchestrations of data, technology and customer activation for Adestra, Acxiom, Responsys, Sears & Kmart, BlueHornet and infoUSA. Working with peers to advance digital marketing and mentoring young marketers and entrepreneurs are two of Ryan's passions. Ryan is the Chairman Emeritus of the Email Experience Council Advisory Board and a member of numerous business community groups. He is also an in-demand keynote speaker and thought leader on digital marketing.


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Biografia
Forbes nacque a Douglas, nell'Isola di Man. Da bambino, quando non occupato a leggere, scrivere poesie o disegnare caricature, si occupava della raccolta di insetti, conchiglie, minerali, fossili, piante e altri oggetti di storia naturale. Dai 5 agli 11 anni, la sua fragile salute gli impedì di frequentare la scuola, ma nel 1828 si iscrisse all'Athole House Academy di Douglas. Nel giugno 1831 lasciò l'Isola di Man per trasferirsi a Londra, dove studiò disegno. In ottobre, tuttavia, cessò in lui l'idea del disegno come professione, e ritornò a casa; il mese seguente si iscrisse come studente di medicina all'Università di Edimburgo. Trascorse le sue vacanze del 1832, in un diligente lavoro sulla storia naturale dell'Isola di Man. Suo fratello David fu un noto mineralista.

Viaggi

Nel 1833 visitò la Norvegia, i cui risultati botanici furono pubblicati nel Giornale di storia naturale del 1835–1836 di John Claudius Loudon. Nell'estate del 1834 dedicò molto tempo al dragaggio nel mare irlandese; e nell'anno successivo lavorò in Francia, Svizzera e Germania.

Nato naturalista, e non avendo piacere per il lavoro da chirurgo, Forbes nella primavera 1836 abbandona l'idea di laurea in medicina, decidendo di dedicarsi alle scienze e alla letteratura. L'inverno del 1836–1837 è a Parigi, dove impartisce delle lezioni nel Jardin des Plantes sulla storia naturale, sull'anatomia, geologia e mineralogia.

Lasciata Parigi nell'aprile 1837, va ad Algeri, dove si procura materiale per un giornale sui molluschi di terra e acqua dolce, pubblicato negli Annali di storia naturale, vol. II. pp.250. Nell'autunno dello stesso anno si iscrive all'università di Edimburgo in qualità di studente di letteratura; e nel 1838 viene pubblicato il suo primo volume, Malacologia Monensis, una sinopsi delle specie di molluschi mannesi. Durante l'estate 1838 visita Stiria e Carniola, e fa ampie raccolte botaniche.

Anni accademici

Biologia marina
Nell'autunno del 1838 legge prima della British Association a Newcastle una relazione sulla distribuzione dei polmonati terrestri in Europa, e gli viene incaricato di prepararne una simile in riferimento alle isole britanniche. Nel 1841 viene pubblicato il suo Storia delle stelle marine britanniche, includendo osservazioni approfondite e contenendo 120 illustrazioni, comprese appendici umoristiche, tutte concepite dall'autore. . Dall'aprile 1841 all'ottobre 1842 viene impiegato nello studio della botanica, zoologia e geologia della zona mediterranea.

I risultati di queste ricerche sono stati riportati nel suo Relazione sui molluschi e radiati del Mar Egeo, presentato alla British Association nel 1843, e in Viaggi in Licia, pubblicato nel 1847. Nel precedente trattato discute dell'influenza del clima, della natura e profondità del fondale marino sopra la vita marina, e divide il Mar Egeo in otto zone biologiche; le sue conclusioni con rispetto alla distribuzione batimetrica, tuttavia (vale a dire le sue ipotesi azoiche, appurando che le profondità oltre 550 metri sono completamente prive di vita) sono state ovviamente modificate ad un'estensione considerevole da ricerche più recenti nei fondali marini.

Cariche a Londra
Verso la fine dell'anno 1842 Forbes, le disgrazie familiari incidono sulle sue finanze, chiede e ottienee la curatela del museo della Geological Society of London. Per le funzioni di questa carica aggiunge nel 1843 quelle della cattedra di botanica al King's College London. Nel novembre 1844 smette di ricevere la curatela della Geological Society of London, e diventa paleontologo al Geological Survey of Great Britain.

Studi geologici
Nel 1846, pubblica nelle Memorie dello studio geologico, i. 336, il suo importante reportage Sulla connessione tra la distribuzione della flora e fauna presente nelle isole britanniche, e i cambi biologici che hanno colpito la loro area, specialmente durante l'epoca dello spostamento del nord. È ivi indicato che, in conformità con la teoria della loro origine da vari specifici centri, le piante della Gran Bretagna potrebbero essere divise in cinque gruppi ben segnati: l'ovest e sud-ovest irlandese, rappresentato nel nord della Spagna, nel sud-est irlandese e sud-ovest inglese, connessi alla flora delle Isole del Canale e alla parte confinante della Francia; il sud-est inglese, contraddistinto dalle specie comparse sulla parte opposta della costa francese; un gruppo bizzarro alle vette delle montagne, in genere scandinave; e, infine, una flora germanica. Dopo un certo numero di dibattiti, la conclusione è stata che la parte più grande degli animali terrestri e delle piante da fiore delle isole britanniche migrarono in quella direzione, oltre la terra ininterrotta, in tre distinte epoche, prima, durante e dopo l'era glaciale.

Gli ultimi anni
Nel 1853 Forbes ottenne la presidenza della Geological Society of London, e l'anno seguente il raggiungimento di un desiderio tanto amato: la nomina di docente di storie naturali all'Università di Edimburgo, posto vacante a causa della morte di Robert Jameson, suo precedente insegnante. Dal suo ritorno dall'est nel 1842, la determinazione e la sistemazione di fossili, le lezioni frequenti, e l'incessante lavoro letterario, inclusa la preparazione delle sue paleontologiche memorie, impedirono a Forbes di occuparsi di quelle ricerche di storia naturale che portò avanti con entusiasmo negli anni precedenti. Sembrava che stesse finalmente per trovare il tempo di ristabilire il suo bagaglio di informazioni biologiche. Fece lezioni a Edimburgo, nella sessione estiva del 1854, e nel settembre di quell'anno occupò il posto di presidente della sezione geologica alla riunione della British Association a Liverpool. Si ammalò subito dopo aver iniziato il suo corso invernale di lezioni a Edimburgo, e dopo pochi giorni di malattia morì a Wardie, vicino a Edimburgo, il 18 novembre 1854. È seppellito al Dean Cemetery. Nel 1859, un precedente studente di Forbes, James Hector dedicò il Monte Forbes, che si trova ad Alberta, in Canada, alla sua memoria.

Voci correlate
 Esplorazioni geografiche

Attribution
  Endnotes:
 Literary Gazette (25 November 1854);
 Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal (New Ser.), (1855);
 Quart. Journ. Geol. Soc. (May 1855);
 G. Wilson and A. Geikie, Memoir of Edward Forbes (1861), in which, pp. 575–583, is given a list of Forbes's writings.
 Literary Papers, edited by Lovell Reeve (1855).

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni
 Memoir of Edward Forbes, by George Wilson and Archibald Geikie (MacMillan and Edmonston co., 1861); Google Book Search
 Edward Forbes obituary, by Thomas Huxley (Journal of Science and Literary Gazette, 1854); Clarke College
 Manx Worthies: Professor Edward Forbes (and part 2), by A.W. Moore (The Manx Note Book, Vol. iii, 1887)
 Chrono-biographical sketch; Western Kentucky University

Membri dell'Accademia delle Scienze di Torino