text:
Equifax Adds More Buy Now, Pay Later Plans To Credit Reports
Talace seeks Rs 23,000 crore loan from Air India lenders
Clubhouse is now available worldwide on Android
Walmart breaks that vacation and is being replaced with a new funding program
Media advisory – Justice and Home Affairs Council of 9-10 December 2021
Lee Shearer December 8, 2021
Qatar- QCB issues QR 600 million treasury bills for May 2021
Lee Shearer May 5, 2021
N. Dendias: Ankara must prove in practice that it wants a constructive dialogue
Senior Director, People Platform – Affirm
Industry groups urge lawmakers to streamline breach reporting rules
The growing number and scope of breach notification rules for regulators, state authorities, and soon the federal government may hamper their effectiveness, industry groups warn.
Lawmakers are considering mandatory requirements for companies in industries such as finance, energy, and power to report cyber attacks against their systems. Lawmakers have introduced bills in the House and Senate since a series of cyberattacks on key SolarWinds technology products Corp.
and Microsoft Corp.
Attacks on critical infrastructure providers like Colonial Pipeline Co. have also prompted the Transportation Security Administration to issue updated cybersecurity guidelines, including a requirement to report attacks.
Any larger federal rule must consolidate existing requirements, said Heather Hogsett, senior vice president of the technology arm of the Bank Policy Institute, a lobby group for large banks. Industry groups are pushing for federal bills to provide a single set of rules to follow, rather than a complicated series of notifications to individual regulators and federal agencies for each incident.
"This is really a critical point for us," Hogsett said, speaking at a House Homeland Security Committee cybersecurity subcommittee hearing on Wednesday.
How should the SEC approach rule making regarding cyber risk governance in the financial sector? Join the conversation below.
For example, said Ms Hogsett, a financial company may be subject to the notification rules of the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp., the New York State Department of Financial Services, and the Department of Treasury, as well as under the European Union General Data Protection Regulation, among others.
Separately, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission is preparing a proposal on cybersecurity risk governance, which could include an element of notification, Chairman Gary Gensler said in a speech to the Economic Affairs Committee on Wednesday. monetary policy of the European Parliament.
"It is a heated debate, the reporting of incidents," he said.
Some bills position federal agencies such as the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency as clearinghouses for breach notifications. The House Cyber Incident Reporting for Critical Infrastructure Act of 2021, for example, would require the CISA to establish a central office to receive and manage these reports.
Having the CISA coordinate the reporting of breaches would help ensure that information is properly shared between regulators, law enforcement agencies and businesses, said John Miller, senior vice president of policy and counsel. general of the Information Technology Industry Council, a trade association for technology companies, at the same time. congressional hearing.
"We also need the CISA to talk to the FBI and financial regulators and anyone else who really has information or receives these reports," he said.
In the Senate, a bill requiring government agencies, federal contractors and critical infrastructure operators was criticized for requiring notification within 24 hours of detecting an incident. The House bill gives businesses at least 72 hours.
Industry groups are also urging lawmakers to be clear about what incidents companies must report. Distinguishing between attempted firewalls and successful attacks is important, Hogsett said, to reduce the amount of paperwork filed.
"If you left the definition and scope too broad, you would literally have, from a single company, potentially hundreds, if not thousands of reports, which is just a huge amount. And these aren't really the things that are going to cause the level of concern that you are trying to focus on, "she told the subcommittee.
However, Representative Jim Langevin (D., RI) told the hearing that too much narrowing of the range could also cause problems for agencies in terms of recognizing patterns between attacks.
"I'm a little concerned about the gap I see between the amount of information CISA needs to improve the cybersecurity of our critical infrastructure areas, and the amount of information CISA would receive if it were not. informed only of confirmed cyber incidents "he said.
Write to James Rundle at [email protected]
WSJ Pro Cybersecurity
Cyber security news, analysis and insight from the WSJ's global team of journalists and editors.
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AN AUDIENCE WITH: SPILT MILK SOCIETY + THE NEW CONSISTENT + ISABEL ABBOTT
Dead Wax - Birmingham, W Mids
Festival Details - "AN AUDIENCE WITH: SPILT MILK SOCIETY + THE NEW CONSISTENT + ISABEL ABBOTT"...
We're getting back to business with some live outdoor events exclusively at Dead Wax on their iconic Duck Bath Stage.
2015 was a defining year for humanity; the blue and gold dress crisis, self-driving cars, Instagram becoming bigger than Twitter, and Josh Hyde being employed to decorate the kitchen of a certain Penny Handford. It was during this flirtation with painting that fate intended Josh to cross paths with Penny's son, Harry. Josh was a guitar marvel, Harry had written a few songs about his feelings and before they knew it Spilt Milk Society had been born. They quickly established themselves as part of the thriving Birmingham music scene and gained attention from BBC Introducing; doing live sessions for WM and Shropshire whilst gaining airtime on Radio 1, Radio 2 and Radio 6 Music. Further afield the milky boys have since been hand picked by Steve Lamacq to play on the BBC Introducing stage at the Great Escape Festival and have supported the likes of Superfood, Fickle Friends, Tender and Marsicans.
BBC Introducing's Adam Crowther called Spilt Milk Society "the most exciting band we've championed years" and said that "they have a bold, energetic and instantly lovable sound to their music". Fred Perry Sub Culture called them "one of Birmingham's brightest future bands".
The end of 2017 saw Spilt Milk hit a million streams on Spotify – a number that has now grown to over 3 million – and the band had now settled into a new home in Liverpool to focus purely on music. 2018 came around and they took a 6 month break to reorganise and spend time writing following the signing of their first contract with Believe Digital UK. With bigger production, a clearer direction and fan base averaging at 150,000 monthly listeners on Spotify, Spilt Milk Society are set to release three singles in the coming months. The first, Turtleneck Boy, is to be complemented by a clothing range, named 'TURTS', and music video. October 2018 will see their first UK Tour accompanying Turtleneck Boy's release.
Other projects they have completed during their break include Harry's solo outlet strawberry milkshake, Josh's Toxteth project, Freddie's Boy, Yowstra, Rob's nun, and an E.P featuring songs they've collaborated on with fellow Birmingham bands Sugarthief and Violet.
Spilt Milk Society Links: Soundcloud | Facebook | Twitter
Watch the video to 'She Tastes Like Summer' here:
The New Consistent is a 20 year old musician from the West Midlands described as having 'exceptionally personal lyrics' (IndieMidlands) and 'a sharp wit and unique style of delivery' (So Young).
On 22nd March he dropped his debut EP, titled 'Individual Social Accounts And Commentary' which featured 3 tracks produced by Austin Williams of Swim Deep. It was well received by many blogs online (Loose Cardigan Of Ideas, Happy People, IndieMidlands, So Young etc) and gained him comparisons to other artists such as Loyle Carner, The Streets, The Rhythm Method and Kofi Stone.
He started playing live in June 2019, and hasn't stopped since, including a generous handful of gigs in the much loved venues of Birmingham, a headline slot on the BBC Introducing stage at Worcester Music Festival, a support slot on the Birmingham date of The Rhythm Method's tour and the opening slot for Lady Bird in Coventry on their Un-Tour.
The New Consistent played his first headline gig, a Christmas party at The Sunflower Lounge in Birmingham on 19th December, which elevated him to the next level after packing out the room and showcasing a wide variety of new music.
In March of 2020 he got nominated for the Rising Star award at the highly-acclaimed Birmingham Music Awards, and featured in Counteract's 20/20 vision list, proving him to be one to watch in the year ahead.
Despite the global pandemic, TNC stayed very active, putting out a Remixes Mixtape in lockdown, serving as a teaser to new music, which featured the widely appreciated remix of Ad Blue by Coventry band Feet. The upbeat track and timeless lyricism proved to be a turning point in the year for The New Consistent.
He now looks to end the year strongly, despite the constant disruption to the industry. Long – awaited single Turn Off All The Screens arrived on October 2nd with a music video directed by music legend Jacky P. With the EP announcement just around the corner, and a release campaign any musician on any scale would be proud of (working with Provide, Babmag, Cow, HMV and many more) The New Consistent looks set to breakthrough locally, and potentially further afield.
'You would have to search long and hard to find an artist that is so completely bona fide.' (Words For Music Blog)
The New Consistent Links: Facebook | Instagram | Spotify
Originating from Southern Spain but emerging from the UK's industrial heartland, singer-songwriter Isabel Abbott is bringing a touch of class to the Midlands music scene.
Isabel delivers songs with grit and attitude, providing feel-good music with honest lyricisim.
Her music is a fresh and modern take on jazz, coated in pop and R&B influences, resulting in a diverse and ever-evolving sound, leaving any music lover hooked.
Isabel Abbott Links: Facebook | Instagram | Spotify
Official Festival Website: https://birminghampromoters.com/events/spilt-milk-society-dead-wax-birmingham-11-12-2020/
28 Adderley Street
Birmingham, W Mids United Kingdom
Brooks Williams & Aaron Catlow...
Bath, BAS
Tom Clarke (The Enemy)...
Leeds, W York
The Color Paint Party...
Holloway, London
POSTPONED: MAN OF MOON + SPECIAL GUESTS...
Birmingham, W Mids
Wille and the Bandits...
Billy Nomates - rescheduled...
[RESCHEDULED] Simple presents Courtesy...
Oxford, OXF
La Rumba: Nubiyan Twist (Live)...
Sheffield, S York
Jack Lukeman...
PHIL MADELEY + SUGARTHIEF + MELOTONE + TIM SENNA D...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Our view: Diversity worth pursuing at Erie County Courthouse
Jan 28, 2016 at 6:23 AM Jan 28, 2016 at 4:53 PM
The graphic, about diversity in Erie County government, put a difficult issue into perspective. The graphic ran on the front page of this newspaper on Saturday. If you missed it, please look at it. Or look at it again.
The graphic warrants serious consideration, as does the subject it illustrated: County Executive Kathy Dahlkemper's push to make the county's 1,178-employee workforce more reflective of the county's population, in terms of race.
The graphic breaks down the county government workforce. The icons representing the 1,038 white workers fill all but two of the illustration's 20 lines.
The icons for the 68 black workers fill fewer than two lines. The icons for the 27 workers of other races, such as those employees who are Latino or Asian, take up fewer than one line.
The county's population of 278,443 is 89 percent white and 8 percent black. Another 8 percent is made up of other races. (Due to multiracial residents, the overall percentage adds up to more than 100 percent.)
The county workforce, based largely at the Erie County Courthouse, is 92 percent white and 6 percent black. Another 2 percent is composed of other minorities.
Saturday's graphic would not have changed radically had the county's workforce precisely reflected the racial makeup of the county. Boosting the number of black workers by two percentage points, from 6 percent to 8 percent, would increase by about 24 the number of icons for black workers. But such an increase still would advance the goals of Dahlkemper and her chief of staff, Gary Lee.
"What we see is the workforce of the county is not reflective of what we would envision the county becoming," Lee, the county's first black director of administration, told reporter Kevin Flowers. "We feel there is an opportunity for growth when it comes to diversity."
Dahlkemper said the county must strive for racial diversity, and a better understanding of its importance, so it can better serve a varied population, especially at the Erie County Prison and through social service programs.
"That's the other piece to this," she said.
No one in Dahlkemper's administration is arguing that supervisors should hire an applicant only because that person is a minority. But the data shows the county must do a better job of seeking qualified applicants of all races and ethnicities.
Just as importantly, the data shows the county must do a better job of breaking a culture of patronage that tends, often by inertia, to infiltrate local governments throughout the United States. That culture reinforces the status quo and can impede diversity.
Employees at the courthouse should be hired not solely because of whom they know. They should be hired because of who they are -- black, white or other -- and what they know how to do.
Once the culture and hiring process change at the courthouse, that graphic should look different, too.


text:
Chinese trio scoop investment club prize
A group of students from Shanghai have won Leeds Metropolitan University's annual student investment club challenge, run in partnership with Redmayne-Bentley stockbrokers.
Over 50 students across 14 different teams took part in the virtual investment challenge which offers a prize for the biggest return on investment over a six week period.
The winning group of final year Accounting & Finance students earned a profit of £6,716 on an initial investment of £100,000, equivalent to an annual return of over 58%.
Meiyi Lei (Leo), Zongyan Li (Lee) and Xiaojing Yang (Bella) are all on Leeds Metropolitan programmes from the Sino-British College, USST, but are completing the final year of their degree in Leeds. This is the third year in a row the competition has been won by students originating from China.
Paul Houghton, Leeds Business School lecturer, added: "The aim is to provide students with an opportunity to more closely understand how the financial markets operate, to gain insight in to a possible future career path or even just to be more equipped to manage their own financial circumstances in the future. At a time of continuing uncertainty in the market, 16 teams recorded a profit, with a further six teams breaking even. Overall, a commendable performance! We're grateful to Redmayne-Bentley for their support in what is the third year of this great competition."
Each member of the winning team received a cheque for £100 together with a certificate in celebration of their achievement presented by Keith Loudon, senior partner of Redmayne-Bentley, and Damian Ward, Acting Dean of the Faculty of Business & Law.
Keith added: "I'd like to congratulate Leo, Lee and Bella on their success. With the winning team once again coming from Shanghai, I think it is a marvellous achievement and demonstrates the Chinese' shrewd approach to the stock market. This is a really well received initiative and we're proud to be working together with Leeds Metropolitan University in delivering it."
The competition is facilitated by Leeds Metropolitan economics graduate and Redmayne-Bentley stockbroker, Lauren Charnley.


Images of recent Stealing Spaces storage rack installs.
A Thule rack on a ceiling rack!
This installation is in a double garage in Hobsonville Point. The owner wanted the racks along the back wall of the garage to allow their large cars to park underneath.
We used flexi-rails here because the joists were spaced at 800mm.
A mono-pitch Waimauku garage with sloping ceiling.
The three racks here allowed the owners to reclaim the garage and get their large cars back inside.
These racks reclaimed space above the garage door which was otherwise unusable. Single garage in Hobsonville Point.
Another single garage in Hobsonville Point. This was a very smart install by Jono and the team at Diverse Installs.
Installation in a small singe garage, using the Flexi-Rails to position the rack close to the walls.
Two racks using Flexi-Rails to make maximum use of this small garage space.
The owner of this Devonport garage has classic cars. The two racks allow him to move the garage clutter away from his precious vehicles.
Sneaked this one into a back corner in a garage under an old house.
Great use of space in this Hobsonville Point garage. Note the high 2.7m stud.
Two racks and a ton of storage up and out of the way. Note the Handy Hooks for awkward items like fishing rods.
Another genius install by Jono. Positioned exactly as requested despite lights and steel beams in the way.
Installation mounted on standard 900mm truss spacing.
Transitioning from floor mounted shelves to ceiling racks.
Racks mounted in line with the car so the surfboards can be accessed with the car in place.
This was a really small garage in Parnell - the racks effectively doubled the storage space.
This Pukekohe customer installed two racks and liked them so much they purchased two more.
One of four racks installed in this garage.


Oscar Viñals has submitted his latest attempt to design a futuristic hyper plane, HSP "Magnavem". You can read his complete explanations about this project below.
Imagine we are in a century that we could define like "the great change", it's not sci-fi… this 21st Century we could find as "familiar" words and definitions like, Nuclear Fusion Reactor, AI systems (Artificial Intelligence), Plasma devices, Nano structures of Graphene, Supercapacitors, nanocomposites or Gallium Nitride semiconductors/power converters, and many more as… it is coming. This represents the beginning of a New Era on Aerospatiale & Aeronautic Industries.
Based on these new and revolutionary expectations, the HSP "Magnavem" was born (Magna Avem – "Big Bird"), a Hyper Shape Plane (like today's definition of "Hypercars" that is the Top/Maximum definition of a car in all its best aspects) that "would fly to the encounter with the fourth state of matter". The airplane would be itself a big wing with a delta shape and equipped with the best technology and solutions of this 21st Century.
Meet the HSP "Magnavem". As a principal power source, the HSP "Magnavem" will be equipped with a Compact Fusion Reactor (CFR-portable) that will power the Hybrid engines, electric airplane systems, CO2 cleaner system & to charge the airplane's batteries.
Thanks to two Ramjet Engines, the HSP "Magnavem" by Oscar Viñals would fly at a maximum speed of Mach 1.5 (1,852 kph), these engines would turn on when the airplane would reach a speed of over 890 kph (Hybrid Engines) and an altitude of 15,400 m. These engines would be fueled by Hydrogen fuel (H2) and would have a vectoring nozzle system that would give it much more control & capacity of maneuver during the supersonic speed flight. The inlet diffuser of the Ramjet Engines would be located under the airplane' fuselage.
The airplane would be equipped by an AI system (Artificial Intelligence) that would control and optimize the plasma actuators function, thanks to analyzing and processing all the data received from the actuators' sensors (pressure, temperature, airflow speed, etc), from the nose of the airplane with the Micropulse coherent Doppler lidar system (could predict the wind turbulence strength in order to prevent "dangerous vibrations" that could affect the stability of the airplane. The aircraft could detect areas of turbulence including a new method that allows estimating the intensity of turbulence in the atmosphere at a distance in a clear sky) and with another source of data, like a 3d microwave radar that will report altitude, as well as azimuth and target distance, or inform about atmospheric situation in real time with 3d image.
HSP "Magnavem" is equipped with four oversize Hybrid Engines (Electric-Hydrogen fuel) in order to fly at subsonic speed and also to be very quiet, reducing the airplane noise up to minimum levels than current airplanes. These would be powered from battery storage or directly from the CFR, through the power converters made from Gallium Nitride and also fueled by Hydrogen (plasma chambers).
One of the most novel ideas/concepts of this plane would be the CO2 cleaner system, located on the rear part of it. This only would function in the approach maneuver and thanks to be powered by electric energy from the CFR (Compact Fusion Reactor), could split up the CO2 into carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with a thermoelectric process at very high temperature and water (air). The idea is not to "hijack" the CO2 from the atmosphere is split it in great amounts and release the result components on the atmosphere again.
HSP "Magnavem" could have two decks with a capacity for 500 passengers, a Super Tourist class with modular system that could accommodate between 280 to 360 seats with a generous "personal space" between them, a First class and Business class for 140 seats; with amazing views over their heads of the sky and all imaginable luxuries, like private suites, washrooms, spa, virtual reality, etc. The ceiling of the 2nd deck could be made of glass with nanotechnology capable to change its opacity (electrochromic) and act as solar cells (Quantum dots).
Tuvie has received "HSP Magnavem – a 4th State of Matter Plane" project from our 'Submit A Design' feature, where we welcome our readers to submit their design/concept for publication.
Tagged as futuristic hyper shape airplane, oscar vinals aircraft designer, supersonic commercial airplane.


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2019-Councils-bin-recycling-study-reveals-health
Computing, Engineering and Built Environment
Councils urged to bin recycling boxes after study reveals refuse-collector health issues
Professor Billy Hare
Recycling bags and boxes put out with household and business rubbish could lead to an increase in health problems for refuse collectors, a Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU) expert has warned.
In a joint study with the University of Greenwich, a GCU-developed body-mapping method was used to study the effects of lifting various types of rubbish containers by workers across a four-year period in an unnamed local authority.
The study revealed that while wheelie bins are beneficial to refuse collectors, all other types of separated waste are causing long-term musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) across the UK.
Researchers used an Average Pain Count to examine lower back, shoulder, neck and upper spine complaints developed by refuse workers collecting either wheelie bins, rubbish sacks, recycling bags and boxes − such as those used for paper or bottles.
They found wheelie bins were the least likely to cause pain but boxes were the most likely and called for them to be discontinued by local authorities to protect the long-term health of workers "as a matter of urgency", particularly with an ageing workforce.
Professor Billy Hare, who headed the GCU team during the study, said: "If we want our refuse workers to work more productively for longer, and with fewer health problems, then the use of wheeled bins is an essential starting point.
"The negative health effects of using sacks, baskets and boxes for waste collection have been known for some time now, but the research up until this point has been purely lab-based, which some find difficult to relate to their day-to-day work. This study has used real-life field data for the first time, to dispel any doubts held by local authorities over the benefits of using wheeled bins."
The results of the research were published by the journal Policy and Practice in Health and Safety, from the Institution of Occupational Safety and Health (IOSH).
The study showed measures of MSD-related pain declined "significantly" after the introduction of wheelie bins in 2013 compared to the previous year, but increased by 2014 when the authority introduced additional sacks, bags and baskets for garden, food and other waste.
Lower back pain was caused as a result of "bending, twisting, lifting and sorting recycling into different components and bins" the study found, while greater job rotation among workers on the various tasks also helped prevent higher rates of MSDs.
Andy Robertson, IOSH Environmental & Waste Management Group Chair, said: "Figures released by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) show around 70% of all workers in the Waste Management industry are involved in municipal household and commercial collections.
"These collections account for about 80% of all the reported injuries, with the most common being musculoskeletal disorders."
The HSE suggests that refuse-collection workers are part of an ageing workforce because of higher life expectancy and older retirement ages.
Billy Hare


text:
FAS permitted structures of Cherkizovo to buy Voronezhmyasoprom
The Federal Antimonopoly service (FAS) of Russia approved the application of one of the largest Russian producers of meat and meat products — OJSC Cherkizovo Group — about the acquisition of a 99.96 %, stake in the charter capital of Voronezhmyasoprom LLC it said in the message from the Antimonopoly Department.
As stated in the FAS reports, the right to acquire the share capital of Voronezhmyasoprom at a rate of 99.96 % were received by agro-industrial Complex Mikhailovsky LLC and the Cypriot company Pike Investments Limited.
In June, Cherkizovo acquired a number of agricultural assets at Voronezhmyasoprom, including a swine nucleus unit, grain elevators and a land bank to the total amount of 4.46 billion roubles.
In particular Cherkizovo acquired a swine nucleus unit in the Voronezh region where pig breeds Dyurok, Yorkshire and Landrace are bred. The complex's production facilities include a swine nucleus unit hryachnik, which produces 2.4 thousand sows, with a platform to grow up to 10 thousand heads of the total content and site feeding on 6.7 thousand heads of the total content.
As noted earlier, to complete the deal, it is necessary to obtain approval from the Federal Antimonopoly service of Russia (FAS). "The cost of acquired assets is of 4.46 billion, including debt to the amount of 2.8 billion roubles, which Cherkizovo Group will take on", according to a statement from the FASPayment for the acquired assets will be made in cash to the amount of 1.26 billion roubles and 795 thousand shares of OJSC Cherkizovo Group.
As the materials of the BIR- Analyst, the main owner of Voronezhmyasoprom LLC is a National agro-industrial company. Its co-owners are the beneficiaries of Cherkizovo — Igor Babaev and his family members.


Jumpers that can grow with your child, with many customers choosing to order again as the first is outgrown. Buttons on the neck, often matching the design on the jumper, make it easier to get over the head.
Each has its own squeak in an accessible pouch that enables them to be removed.
Although we are not currently making to order, please check here for latest stock availability and we'll be happy to help.


Would the microgravity "shape-shifting" bacteria effect have anything to do with bacteria growing in a host?
Phys.org's news article Why bacteria 'shapeshift' in space describes a recently published study Phenotypic Changes Exhibited by E. coli Cultured in Space, Zea Luis, Z. et al, 2017, Frontiers in Microbiology 8:1598, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01598.
In addition, some of the E. coli cells also produced outer membrane vesicles—small capsules that form outside the cell walls and act as messengers for cells to communicate with each other, Zea said. When cells with such vesicles reach a critical mass they can sync up to initiate the infection process.
"Both the increase in cell envelope thickness and in the outer membrane vesicles may be indicative of drug resistance mechanisms being activated in the spaceflight samples," said Zea. "And this experiment and others like it give us the opportunity to better understand how bacteria become resistant to antibiotics here on Earth."
I'm wondering how likely the following part of the quote from the corresponding author is to be true: "...which may have implications for more effectively treating astronauts with bacterial infections in space."
If I understand correctly, *ll of the effects related to growing in space that are described seem to be related to growing in a liquid culture medium, not inside a mammalian host. I'm not sure a bacteria which has infected an astronaut or other mammal in space will experience any difference in conditions if the host is in microgravity vs being in normal gravity. The differences seem to be specific to transport mechanisms in the culture medium, and not to any effect of weightlessness on the bacteria themselves.
Browse other questions tagged bacteriology infection microgravity or ask your own question.
What is the advantage of using starter cultures for growing bacteria?
What advantage would the initial 'donor' in horizontal gene transfer by conjugation have received?
Which bacteria have the highest mutation rate?
I don't want to know what bacteria is called but if the bacteria from unborn babies have benifits on health?
Do mutations in one bacterial strain have the same effect in other strains within the same species?


This entry was posted in An outfit a day keeps the blues away and tagged 50's Fashion, B.A.I.T. Footwear, Brooch, Deer Arrow, Fashion, Floral Hair Piece, Hell Bunny, Miss Dottie, Miss Dottie DeMure, Miss Dottie Demure OOTD, OOTD, Pinup Couture, Pinup Dress, pinup fashion, Pinup Girl Clothing, pinupstyle, Retro, vegan friendly shoes, vintage inspired fashion. Bookmark the permalink.


Alejandra Sabina Ruiz Franco; RELATIONSHIP OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN COGNITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL STATE IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2018;59(9):2177.
Purpose : Diabetic retinopathy (RD) lesions may reflect similar processes of damage to cerebral microcirculation. Signs of retinopathy are associated with a higher incidence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD), independently of other risk factors.
Methods : A comparative cross-sectional study was performed in patients with Atherosclerosis Cerebral Infarction (ICA) of large and small vessels, with less than 6 months of evolution, to which the presence and severity of RD was determined, according to the ETDRS scale, neuropsychological tests. ( CASI and EXIT 25) and functional evaluation (RankinM and Barthel) was performed.
Results : 81 patients were included . RD prevalence of 35.8%. .When comparing means in the scores of neuropsychological tests and functional scales, a statistically significant difference was found in the patients with retinopathy, in the CASI ( 69.4 vs 78.8 P=0.046*) test, with a lower score and in the EXIT 25 test with a higher mean ( 69.4 vs 78.8 P=0.046*) which suggests Cognitive impairment in these patients. The results in the means of the functional scales were also lower in Barthel (75.56 vs 81.5 P=0.76) and higher in Rankin (2.13 vs1.82 P=0.84), which suggests a greater disability at the time of the review, however, these differences were not statistically significant for this variable.


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text:
function [label_structName_avgWinProb_tem, label_structName_avgWinProb_sub, label_structName_avgWinProb_cor] = CBIG_assignFactorsToStructures(tem_sub_cor)

% [label_structName_avgWinProb_tem, label_structName_avgWinProb_sub, label_structName_avgWinProb_cor] = CBIG_assignFactorsToStructures(tem_sub_cor)
%% aparc+aseg.mgz of MNI152
%
% Written by CBIG under MIT license: https://github.com/ThomasYeoLab/CBIG/blob/master/LICENSE.md

labelMRIFile = '~/thomas/code/templates/volume/FSL_MNI152_FS4.5.0/mri/aparc+aseg.mgz';
labelMRI = MRIread(labelMRIFile);
labelVol = labelMRI.vol;

% Count how many voxels for each structure (label)
labels = unique(labelVol(:));

%% Find FreeSurfer structure names for these labels

fileID = fopen('/apps/arch/Linux_x86_64/freesurfer/5.3.0/FreeSurferColorLUT.txt');
tbl = textscan(fileID, '%d %s %d %d %d %d', 'CommentStyle', '#');
fclose(fileID);
labels_LUT = tbl{1};
names_LUT = tbl{2};

%% Probability atrophy map volume in MNI152

r = dir('../../lda/postprocess/188blAD/k3/r*');

% Load all probabilistic atrophy maps
probVols = cell(3, 1); % temporal, subcortical, cortical
for idx = 1:3
    whichFactor = tem_sub_cor(idx);
    probMRIFile = ['../../lda/postprocess/188blAD/k3/' r.name '/topic' num2str(whichFactor) '.nii.gz'];
    % Resample this atrophy map from 109x91x91 to 256x256x256
    system(sprintf(...
        'mri_vol2vol --regheader --mov %s --targ %s --o ./atrophyMaps/topic%d_resampled.nii.gz > ./atrophyMaps/topic%d.log',...
        probMRIFile, labelMRIFile, whichFactor, whichFactor));
    % Load resampled MRI
    probMRI = MRIread(['./atrophyMaps/topic' num2str(whichFactor) '_resampled.nii.gz']);
    probVols{idx} = probMRI.vol;
end

%% Assign a winning factor to each structure/label

noStructs = numel(labels);

label_structName_factor_avgWinProb = cell(noStructs, 4);

% For each structure
for idx = 1:noStructs
    label = labels(idx);
    % Label
    label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 1} = label;
    % Structure name
    label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 2} = names_LUT{labels_LUT==label};
    % Winning factor
    indVol = labelVol==label;
    noVox = sum(indVol(:));
    sumTemProb = sum(probVols{1}(indVol)); % temporal
    sumSubProb = sum(probVols{2}(indVol)); % subcortical
    sumCorProb = sum(probVols{3}(indVol)); % cortical
    maxSum = max([sumTemProb sumSubProb sumCorProb]);
    switch maxSum
        case sumTemProb
            label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 3} = 'temporal';
            label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 4} = sumTemProb/noVox;
        case sumSubProb
            label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 3} = 'subcortical';
            label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 4} = sumSubProb/noVox;
        otherwise
            label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 3} = 'cortical';
            label_structName_factor_avgWinProb{idx, 4} = sumCorProb/noVox;
    end
end

%% Keyword filtering

% Temporal
label_structName_avgWinProb_tem = label_structName_factor_avgWinProb(...
    strcmp(label_structName_factor_avgWinProb(:, 3), 'temporal'), [1 2 4]);
indKeep = ones(size(label_structName_avgWinProb_tem, 1), 1);
keywordList = {'unknown', 'Unknown', 'CSF', 'Lat-Vent', 'WM', 'choroid-plexus', 'CC_', 'corpuscallosum'};
for idx = 1:numel(keywordList) % for each keyword
    keyword = keywordList{idx};
    indKeep_thisKeyword = cellfun(@isempty, strfind(label_structName_avgWinProb_tem(:, 2), keyword));
    indKeep = indKeep&indKeep_thisKeyword; % as long as a cell contains one keyword, it's out
end
fprintf('\n************** Temporal **************\n\n');
fprintf('Removed by keyword filtering:\n');
disp(label_structName_avgWinProb_tem(~indKeep, :));
fprintf('Included:\n');
label_structName_avgWinProb_tem = label_structName_avgWinProb_tem(indKeep, :);
disp(label_structName_avgWinProb_tem);

% Subcortical
label_structName_avgWinProb_sub = label_structName_factor_avgWinProb(...
    strcmp(label_structName_factor_avgWinProb(:, 3), 'subcortical'), [1 2 4]);
indKeep = ones(size(label_structName_avgWinProb_sub, 1), 1);
keywordList = {'unknown', 'Unknown', 'white', 'White', 'vessel', 'Vessel', 'optic', 'Optic', 'CSF', 'Ventricle', 'WM', 'wm', 'CC_'};
for idx = 1:numel(keywordList) % for each keyword
    keyword = keywordList{idx};
    indKeep_thisKeyword = cellfun(@isempty, strfind(label_structName_avgWinProb_sub(:, 2), keyword));
    indKeep = indKeep&indKeep_thisKeyword; % as long as a cell contains one keyword, it's out
end
fprintf('\n************** Subcortical **************\n\n');
fprintf('Removed by keyword filtering:\n');
disp(label_structName_avgWinProb_sub(~indKeep, :));
fprintf('Included:\n');
label_structName_avgWinProb_sub = label_structName_avgWinProb_sub(indKeep, :);
disp(label_structName_avgWinProb_sub);

% Cortical
label_structName_avgWinProb_cor = label_structName_factor_avgWinProb(...
    strcmp(label_structName_factor_avgWinProb(:, 3), 'cortical'), [1 2 4]);
indKeep = ones(size(label_structName_avgWinProb_cor, 1), 1);
keywordList = {'unknown', 'Unknown', 'white', 'White'};
for idx = 1:numel(keywordList) % for each keyword
    keyword = keywordList{idx};
    indKeep_thisKeyword = cellfun(@isempty, strfind(label_structName_avgWinProb_cor(:, 2), keyword));
    indKeep = indKeep&indKeep_thisKeyword; % as long as a cell contains one keyword, it's out
end
fprintf('\n************** Cortical **************\n\n');
fprintf('Removed by keyword filtering:\n');
disp(label_structName_avgWinProb_cor(~indKeep, :));
fprintf('Included:\n');
label_structName_avgWinProb_cor = label_structName_avgWinProb_cor(indKeep, :);
disp(label_structName_avgWinProb_cor);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: How do I get a list of child elements using winappdriver in a win32 application? I am using WinAppDriver (using NUnit and C#) to test some legacy win32 Applications.
As I debug the tests, I reach certain points where I need to see a list of all child elements of the selected element.  This will allow me to build the next step in the test.
I have tried using different FindElementsXXX methods, but have not found any that work.  It seems that none have a wildcard search option.
Is there a syntax for XPath that will work in this situation?  I have seen several XPath snippets that "should" work, but I get errors that the pattern is not supported.

A: Yes, there is an XPath expression for that.
Given x is a string for your XPath element, you need to append /* to it.
Example:
/bookstore is the element... /bookstore/* selects all its child elements. Reference here.

A: Stupid driver.  I had 8 patterns that wouldn't work.  The error was indicating that the pattern wasn't supported.
I ran across this post Web Driver Issue 51 that indicated that some of the download links might be pointing to old versions.  Yep!  That was the problem.  The correct download link (as of Jan 30, 2017 is v0.7-beta )

A: XAML:
<ListBox x:Name="MyList">..</ListBox>

WinAppDriver Test:
var listBox = testSession.FindElementByAccessibilityId("MyList");
var comboBoxItems = listBox.FindElementsByClassName("ListBoxItem");

XPath:   syntax functions
var comboBoxItems = listBox.FindElementByXPath("//ListBoxItem"); // ok

In a real world scenario I would use something like this. But it is not working on my side too:
var xPath = "//ListBox[@Name=\"MyList\"]//ListBoxItem[@IsSelected=\"True\"]";
listBox.FindElementByXPath(xPath);        // => not working
listBox.FindElementByXPath("//ListBox");  // => empty?
listBox.FindElementByXPath("//ListView"); // => empty?

The child elements of a ComboBox are a bit special. They are created after clicking on the combo and I found some open issues on that.
To debug I use Inspect.exe that is explained in this video and Immediate window in VS. The table  helps a bit to find out that:

*

*WPF     => Inspect.exe   => WinAppDriver

*x:Name  => AutomationId  => FindElementByAccessibilityId(*)

*Control type  => LocalizedControlType  => FindElementByClass(ToUpperCamelCase(*))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It is no secret that cash flow is vital to any business, and the key to cash flow it to timely collect money that is owed to the business. Selling a product or providing a service is of no benefit to the business if it does not get paid for the same. Cash flow can be severely impacted by slow or no pay customers as the business still has to pay its vendors for the products it is selling and has to pay its employees for the services they are providing. That can put a business in a deficit until it receives payment from its customer.
Only provide credit to credit worthy customers, and keep the credit amount low until the customer has built a history of paying for your products and services. Many businesses get into trouble because they are too lenient in giving credit to customers who then are slow or no pays.
Consider having all customers that don't pay cash fill out a credit application. That credit application should list credit reference (banks, other vendors) and you should check with those to make sure the customer is a good credit risk.
The credit application should also set forth the customers understanding of the payment terms (such as Net 30), agreement to interest on all past due amounts (such as __% annual interest), agreement to pay all costs of collection if collection becomes necessary, and agreement to jurisdiction of any collection action.
Have written agreements with the customer. Handshake deals can be simple, but when a dispute arises, they can be hard to prove. You want written agreements that contain all the terms (what products or services are being purchased, what the price is for the same, and what the payment terms are). This should be done through a contract, but should at least be done through purchase orders with detailed terms and conditions.
Like the credit application, the agreement or invoice should also provide for interest, collection costs and jurisdiction.
Don't let a customer get too far behind. As soon as they start getting behind, you need to be proactive. That could initially be written reminders that a debt is past due, escalating to phone call reminders, to shutting off credit until they get current. If those don't work, you may want to have an attorney write them a letter threatening collection actions. Customers often move those bills to the top of their stack. But you need to make sure the attorney does so in a gentle way, so you don't lose the customer, unless it is a customer that you don't mind losing.


I will take your woman with braids and I am offering this summer goddess. She is handdrawn watercolor with pen and ink.
That's beautiful!!! I'd love to ad her to my collection!
Let's see if we can get this thread moving...No one in the mood for tropical fishes???
I'll take your mountain range!
I just want to post here so that this comes up on my subscribed list.
For others who want to subscribe, you can click 'Thread Tools' above the first post on any page, then click to subscribe to this thread!
I love your landscape, Anneke.
Who would like this one of mine?
pinkgypsy, beth's landscape is in offer right now!
Gypsy, the last image posted is always the current offer.
To claim Beth's offer in post 283, respond to the thread and post your own watercolor image!
Abolutely beautiful. Id' love your spring twig and blossoms.
Anyone interested in a delicate yellow rose?
Ok. Time for a new offer!
Angie, both cards are lovely. I'll take either one, please surprise me.
That is a great cat! I'd love to have it.
Would anyone care for a tree?
Since that tree doesn't seem to be of interest, how about this seascape instead?
Whoops, I forgot I was holding this thread up! Sorry about that.
How about this winter tree?
Beth, I'll take your winter tree.
Would anyone like my periwinkle?
Who would like my farm scene?
I will take your farm scene, Mace. I have a mermaid to offer.
MissArtsy, I will take your pretty flowers. Here is one called "Girl with a Scarf"
I will take your lovely lady Kiddio55 and here is Lilith.
I would love to have your "Lilith" card....and here's one lovingly donated by my hubby!! (We both love your card Pochadiva!) Anyone??
OK - let's try "August Flowers"... Any takers?
I'll take that, One Heart. Who wants my "Harbor, Chincoteague Island, Virginia"?
I'd love that one, Jo. Who'd like the 'Purple and green woman?"
I'd love your lovely lady Juanita! Who would like my vase with flowers?
I would love your vase with Flowers Pochadiva. Who would like Mother Earth?
Who would like my watercolor abstract "60's Love"?
Would anyone care for this one?
Sorry, all - lost track of this thread. Life gets in the way sometimes!
I'm going to bend the rules a bit and post two options here, hoping that one of the two will appeal to someone straightaway.
bumping thread. will be back with a new card before the week deadline passes if no one nibbles on either of these.
Patch is darling! I would love to have him. I will post in a moment my card.
Palmira, I would love that kitty cat! Who would like my grizzly bears?
dearie me...I am running out of watercolours...how about this "Sleepy Mushroom"
smallgirl ... I'd love to claim your happy mushroom. I will post a card in the morning.
Okay ... here's my card "Deep Sea Turtle"
I will take your beautiful turtle Ceejay and offer "My Backyard #3".
I'll take your "My Backyard #3" card One Heart and offer my sunflower.
Here's my offer, a colour loving lady.
I am a redhead so I must have this one!
I love redheads too.Please may I have this one?
I'll take beautiful "Tulips" and offer my "Dandelion Hill".
gorgeous! Juany I will take your landscape and offer this bride. Also...welcome back...it's been a while since I have seen your work.
I will take your wonderful bride Kiddio55 and offer this autumn leaf.
Maybe we can get some action with these pink flowers.
I added some definition to the painting and I think it looks better this way.
I'm leaving for a week so I decided to submit another card. Here is "Mary".
I'll take your lovely card and offer Aspen View.
If I can ? I like take it , will turn on my computer and post mine.
If I can ? I like take it , will turn on my computer and post mine.there is.
Ceejay, I waited to give others a chance but this one is for ME! :D I love it!
Here's my card. (http://www.atcsforall.com/forum/gallery/index.php?n=288716) I can't find it in my puter but it's in my gallery. Sheesh!
Let's try this one...peaceful cove.
I will grab "Peaceful Cove" and offer "Winter Wonderland".
No? Okey-dokey, how about Poppy (watercolor on yupo)?
Just in time for Valentine's Day - Mixed Bouquet.
I love that mixed bouquet card!
Anyone interested in an abstract?
How about this one? It's watered down acrylics on canvas paper.
Perhaps this will appeal to someone? Fingers crossed!
Here's another one. I think I like it better turned to landscape mode now!
Okay. I've posted six cards. Is there a ten run rule here, like in Little League? Just kidding. Sort of. Here comes #7. This is an abstract called "I Read the News Today."
Although unorthodox perhaps, I would also like to offer to jump back in time with the card I took, #336 (http://www.atcsforall.com/forum/showpost.php?p=1529478&postcount=336). If I beat someone to the punch on that lovely bouquet, I'd be happy to mail it to that someone else and let that person start offering.
If anyone is reading this thread and is anxious to play a card, please consider dropping me a PM with a subject, style and/or color request so that I might be able to offer something someone actually wants!
I will claim your card, Beth. I have not been following the thread regularly....but I like your abstract. I am offering Spring Birches ...a landscape.
I'll take your card, Kiddio, and offer this watercolor. I should note that that orange blob is yellow, and not as prominent as it appears in the photo. Colors are clearer, too.
I'll take your poppies, Jean! Who would like my Sun ATC?
How about this "Cool Dude" card?
Since three days have passed on Amerasu's great card, I am going to claim it and post this orange cat.
Aw, I love that chubby orange cat! Could I claim him and offer a chubby Hobbit in his place?
What about a blue angel?
Moonfairy, I'll take your blue angel.
And I offer an apple painted en plein air. There are other available cards in my gallery.
How about this one? Other two still available.
Maybe this one? "Crying Rainbow"
I have pm'd HippieVampire and am awaiting her reply.
Sorry about the wait. Just got a new job so not on the computer as much.
All others available still too.
hippie vampire, I will take your wine bottle on the window sill card if it's still available.
I will take your lovely daisy and offer More Snow Expected #2.
One Heart ... Lovely ... mine, please.
Please visit the social group for discussion of a proposed change to the group!
Juany I would love your Impala card!
Would any one like half of my diptic?
Theres "Wallflower Apple" and "Pepper Party!"
Hydric.....I would love your diptic cards! Would anyone like my "Makes the Day" card?
That card makes my day, so I would like to claim it. We're having a heatwave, so I am offering "Heatwave Solution".
See posts 375 and 376 directly above for current offer!
Hello nightowl_two....I would like to claim your card. I think I finally made it!!! I would like watercolor landscape. WOW...all by myself. Who would like to claim mine.
Or, in the spirit of Halloween, would anyone like this one?
vampiress_rose - I'd be happy to add the Witches Brew to my collection.
I would offer this "Lady in Purple Hat"
I'll take that pretty lady in the middle and offer "Ice Cream Parlor" in its place.
One Heart, I just adore Ice Cream so I will take it.
My contribution is my first attempt at a wash. I need to remember to get the tape straight across the card, but its my very first unbent wc card ..
I will claim that card. Who would like Swamp Thistle, a wildflower found in the Smokey Mountains?
MINE!!!!!!!!!!! I finally got this WC I've been working on since yesterday.
doesn't post it here. I want to be able to post the image directly from my gallery like you gals do. I"ve read the faq's and still can't get it to work. So I keep having to upload it again.
I'll try the fall silhouette bird next.
Time to swap them out I think.
I threw a few green beans on the table, sketched 3 cards and painted them. This was the one I liked the best.
MACE has offered three lovely cards for the taking: posts 392, 392, 394.
Time to swap out the cards. My new one is a tree.
Mace, I'll take your barn card if it's still available. I offer this "faux quilt" to PIF.
I'm delighted to claim the faux quilt aginghippychic! and I am offering a pumpkin.
I'll take that pumpkin. Who would like my scenery from Nepal?
Oh, me please! Who would like my card, "The Laurentians, Quebec, Canada"?
Oops, didn't upload. I offer "The Laurentians, Quebec, Canada".
Here's another one: Forest Floor.
I have to have Forest Floor - beautiful! I offer "Summer Bouquet 2" in its place.
I'll take the Summer Bouquet.
Here is my offering: "Beach Days"
I will claim your lavender lady and offer this red bouquet.
Who wants a little girl reaching for the stars?
I'll take that feline and offer "Triad Tree" in its place.
OK - how about Summer Sky?
A little autumn spirit then?
I have to have the beautiful blond. I offer Mt. Lake to take its place.
In the spirit of the season offer number two is "Idaho Winter". Happy Holidays everyone!
One Heart, I love them both, but I'll take Idaho Winter. Wonderful!
Would anyone like this arch? It is in Arches National Park. The colors on the card are deeper in real life.
Who will take one of these?
I'll take Frosty Morning. Who would like Wildflowers?
I'd love Wildflowers. Who would like purple sunset?
McGillisj, I'm in love with your peace flower. It's gorgeous!
Does anyone want my watercolor landscape?
Two new ATCs to choose from....Poppy 01 not claimed, deleting it and offering these.
I must have Sunset Farm - in return I offer Sidewalk Garden.
I would love to have Sidewalk Garden.
Ok. Any takers for my bubbles?
I can also make a card similar to this one if preferred, without the verse.
So I have offered three.
Bumping, all three of those still up for grabs.
Beka, I will claim your dandelion card and offer up pastel fantasy landscape #3.
Another option, watercolor flowers anyone?
This week we will go to the mountains... "Mountain Gold"
I would love to go to the mountains and claim your card One Heart.
Who would like to think of summer with my offer of an Indigo Bunting?
Alrighty. Little Indigo Bunting is going to fly home and lick his wounds and tend his damaged ego.
I will take your pot of flowers and I offer Mother Earth in celebration of Earth Day this week.
I will take your lovely Mother Earth, and in its place I offer Wheat Field.
I love Cattails. One Heart, I'd like to give your card a home!
Who would like a wild flower?
I would love your wild flower!
Who would like a little bunny?
Instead of Cows at Pasture, I'm offering The Goose Pond...still think it is my turn to post another ATC for claiming and I have until the 20th, tomorrow to do that, right, correct me if I am wrong please. Thanks.
I'd love your Beach Rocks and I'm offering the "Resting Rabbit".
I adore "Resting Rabbit" and I'm offering "Purple Lake".
How about a Red Tulip?
If it still doesn't work, the card "Juicy Apple" is in my gallery. Thanks.
If the link doesn't work, please check my gallery. Red Tulip and Juicy Apple are also available. Thanks!
Hi, I'd like to claim Seal please. Here is my card for offer (it is not nearly so washed out in person, as sometimes happens with watercolors it did not scan good).
I tried taking a photo on my cel phone, it does show the colors a bit better.
Here is a card third card to choose from. It was done using the Polyptych Inspired" method, which is part of a swap I'm running right now.
I would love to have Mango Season #2 and offer Ghost Tree up for grabs.
I'll take your Ghost Tree One Heart! Who would like Rainbow Flowers?
I'm offering_Out for a walk_who will claim it?
Since it is more than 3 days since I played. I'm going to claim this exceptional card. I'm offering "Carrots".
I'll take those tasty looking carrots and offer "Sunset".
Who wants to claim this ATC?
I'll claim your "Hills and Sky".
May I offer up this pumpkin?
Current offer: post 477, just in time for Harvest and Halloween!
I'm offering a watercolor of my kitty Ocean.
I would love to claim your kitty Skyjules and I will offer this portrait.
Here's my second offer....another veggie series card.
Pochadiva, I'd love those veggies! Who'd like a blue jay?
I will take yours crafty, who will take mine? don't forget to pm me your address.
I'll grab that beauty and offer "Island".
I will take Art101s Island and offer the following flower. Please PM me your address if interested.
I'll take Crafty's pine tree and offer up "framed flowers"
I would love your kitty.
Crafty, I'll take your landscape.
"Tie Dye Cat" isn't moving off the shelf, so let's go with something completely different. I offer "Moonlit Trees"
Crafty, I'll take your landscape and offer up a "dapper snowman"
I will take yours crafty3790.
I would like to claim your card - Londonont1 - I am offering Red Tree and Wheat - Who would like to claim mine?
Seascape, if you are going to offer up a card I already spotted as having a great point of interest in the wheat, well, I'm claiming it now!
I will take your card Art101 and offer this Turnip.
Offering a second card "Flying Fish".
Offering a third card "Fairy Tale Village".


text:
Zenneth Arthur Pond (December 7, 1919 – September 10, 1942) was a United States Marine Corps flying ace. He was the first Marine ace to be killed in action during World War II and was a posthumous recipient of the Navy Cross.

Early life and aviation career
Zenneth A. Pond was born on December 7, 1919, in Jackson, Michigan. Graduating from Jackson High School in 1938, he subsequently attended Jackson Junior College. While in college, he studied aviation through the Civil Aeronautics Administration. Pond earned his private pilot's license in 1940.

Pond enlisted into the Marine Corps in June 1941 and was sent to flight training at Naval Air Station Corpus Christi, Texas. On February 19, 1942, Pond was officially designated a Marine Corps aviator and was ordered to report to the 2nd Marine Aircraft Wing in San Diego, California.

Cactus Air Force ace
Second Lieutenant Pond was attached to the newly formed Marine Fighting Squadron 223 (VMF-223). On August 2, 1942, Pond's squadron set sail for Guadalcanal aboard the USS Long Island. On August 20, Pond and the rest of his squadron launched from the flight deck of the ship and flew 200 miles to Guadalcanal. Landing in Henderson Field, Pond and his squadron officially became part of the Cactus Air Force.

On August 24, Second Lieutenant Pond scrambled to his plane and took off from the field as the air raid siren sounded. Pond and other Marine pilots intercepted 27 Japanese aircraft attempting to bomb Henderson Field. More than half of the Japanese planes were shot down, with Pond himself scoring victories against two bombers and one fighter.

On August 29, Pond scored his fourth kill, a Zero, but was forced to make an emergency landing when a bullet struck his engine. The next day, Pond claimed his fifth kill and became an ace.

Second Lieutenant Pond was nearly killed a second time on September 5. While shooting down his sixth plane, his aircraft was badly shot up by the Japanese tail gunner, with one bullet grazing Pond's arm. While Pond was returning to Henderson Field, his engine stopped running, yet he was still able to make a deadstick landing.

Death
Second Lieutenant Pond and three other Marine pilots responded to a Japanese air raid on September 10, 1942. The four pilots, including Major John L. Smith, encountered 46 Japanese aircraft. Pond was shot down and killed, making him the first Marine ace to be killed in action during World War II. He was listed as missing in action and declared dead the next day.

Pond's body was never recovered. For his actions during the Guadalcanal campaign, Pond was posthumously promoted to captain and awarded the Navy Cross.

References

1919 births
1942 deaths
United States Marine Corps personnel killed in World War II
American World War II flying aces
Aviators from Michigan
Aviators killed by being shot down
Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)
United States Marine Corps officers
United States Marine Corps pilots of World War II
United States Naval Aviators
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents
Missing in action of World War II
Aerial disappearances of military personnel in action

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Essence of Akeso > Library > Nutrition & Functional Health > Women's Health
Resources all about Women's health. Click the title of each article to access the resource.
Women's Health - What You Need To Know About Hormones, Health and Nutrition
A Patrick Holford podcast with Dr. Marilyn Glenville PhD, The UK's leading nutritionist specialising in women's health and an expert on hormones.
Oestrogen Matters - Dr Avrum Bluming & Dr Louise Newson
Dr Newson talks to Dr Bluming (co-author of the book Oestrogen Matters) about the numerous health benefits of oestrogen in women, including reducing future risk of heart disease, osteoporosis and dementia.
My Menopause Doctor
A great website with lots of information about health and wellbeing and the menopause, HRT and the alternatives.
Understanding HRT with Nick Panay
Is HRT safe? Can we take HRT forever? Should women with no menopausal symptoms take HRT to protect their long term health? Consultant gynaecologist and Secretary General of the International Menopause Society Mr Nick Panay spills the beans on this all-important treatment.
Women's Brain Health
Why Women Are More Likely to Develop Alzheimer's. A Dr Chatterjee podcast with Dr Lisa Mosconi which shows that it really is all about our hormones. I really enjoyed this podcast as it made me think very carefully about how women's health has been ignored by the medical profession.


text:
Diagnostic roles of calretinin in hirschsprung disease: A comparison to neuron-specific enolase
Zaidoon A Musa1, Ban J Qasim2, Haider F Ghazi3, A. Wahab A. K Al Shaikhly4
1 Specialist Pathologist Physician, Al-Emamain Al-Kadhimain Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
2 Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
3 Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq
4 Department of Pharmacy, Al Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq
Date of Submission 16-Jul-2016
Date of Acceptance 09-Oct-2016
Background/Aim: Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease (HD) can be hard and requires good experience, principally for pathologists who infrequently encounter the disease. However, diagnosis is not always possible with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E) because staining has limitations in the identification of immature ganglion cells in neonates and the submucosal area. Aim: To assess the diagnostic role of calretinin immunostaining in HD in comparison to neuron-specific enolase. Patients and Methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin tissue blocks of full-thickness distal colonic and rectal biopsies for 48 patients who clinically presented with symptoms suspicious for HD were collected for the period from December 2012 to January 2016. All biopsies were already studied by routine H and E histopathological examination for the presence or absence of ganglion cells. Further confirmation of ganglion cells and nerve fibers was performed by immunohistochemical study for neuron-specific enolase and calretinin, respectively, in a private pathology laboratory. Results: According to the histopathological assessment, cases with absent ganglionic cells were considered to be HD, which comprised 40 cases out of the total 48 cases. The mean age for HD cases was 19.43 months. The male-to-female ratio in HD cases was 2.34:1. All HD cases showed negative expression of calretinin in small nerve fibers of the lamina propria, musularis mucosae, and submucosa, and negative expression of neuron-specific enolase in ganglionic cells. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values for both the markers in the confirmation of diagnosis of HD were all 100%. Conclusion: Calretinin immunostaining, similar to that of neuron-specific enolase, is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic aid to histopathological examination in suspected HD.
Keywords: Calretinin, full-thickness distal colonic and rectal biopsies, Hirschsprung disease, immunostaining, NSE
Musa ZA, Qasim BJ, Ghazi HF, Al Shaikhly AA. Diagnostic roles of calretinin in hirschsprung disease: A comparison to neuron-specific enolase. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2017;23:60-6
Musa ZA, Qasim BJ, Ghazi HF, Al Shaikhly AA. Diagnostic roles of calretinin in hirschsprung disease: A comparison to neuron-specific enolase. Saudi J Gastroenterol [serial online] 2017 [cited 2022 Jan 20];23:60-6. Available from: https://www.saudijgastro.com/text.asp?2017/23/1/60/199118
Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a congenital abnormality of the nervous system in the bowel characterized by the absence of ganglion cells from submucosal (Meissner) and myenteric (Auerbach) nerve plexus. Its histopathological diagnosis is based on the absence of these cells from the distal rectum and a variable length of contiguous bowel. HD is an important clinical differential diagnosis in infants and children presenting with severe constipation.[1] One of the approaches is to evaluate multiple hematoxylin and eosin (H and E)-stained levels from each paraffin-embedded biopsy. This technique is applied in most pediatric pathology laboratories. The reliability of this method depends on the observer's ability to accurately distinguish a ganglion cell based on its H and E.[2],[3] Although no universal agreement regarding the number of histological sections required for the diagnosis of HD has been approved, previous works relied on the histopathological examination of 50 serial sections stained with H and E.[4],[5]
However, in some cases, the diagnosis of aganglionosis may be difficult on routine H and E-stained histologic sections only. HD remains a challenging diagnosis, especially among general surgical pathologists who assess these cases occasionally and are insufficiently experienced. In the neonatal period, submucosal ganglionic cells may not be easily identifiable because they are classically small and undifferentiated. Characteristic neuronal nuclear and cytoplasmic features may not be evident.[6]
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry has been a widely used ancillary technique since the 1970s. However, this technique has limitations such as the requirement of frozen section processing, interpretative difficulties, equivocal/false positive results, and technical challenges.[7]
Many institutions started gaining experience with calretinin immunohistochemical stain, as an additional diagnostic tool for HD.[1],[8],[9],[10],[11] The immunohistochemical detection of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in mucosal–submucosal rectal biopsies is suitable to exclude HD. Furthermore, high sensitivity of NSE can be aided with another high specific marker for the diagnosis of HD.[12]
The aim of the present work was to assess the diagnostic role of calretinin immunostaining in HD in comparison to NSE.
Formalin-fixed paraffin tissue blocks of distal colonic and rectal biopsies for 48 patients who clinically presented with symptoms suspicious for HD (constipation, delayed passage of meconium, abdominal distention, etc.) were collected for the period from December 2012 to January 2016. All biopsies were already studied by routine H and E histopathological examination for the presence or absence of ganglion cells. Further confirmation for the detection of ganglion cells and nerve fibers was performed by immunohistochemical study for NSE and calretinin, respectively, in a private pathology laboratory.
Histopathological assessment
All 48 biopsies were full-thickness distal colonic and rectal biopsies. Inadequate biopsies, i.e., biopsies lacking proper thickness of muscularis layer, were rejected from the study. Assessment of (submucosal Meissner and myenteric Auerback) ganglion cells was initially made using multiple levels' serial sections histology technique. Fifty serial sections from properly oriented biopsies were examined by routine H and E stained slides.[4],[5]
Immunohistochemical assessment
Cases were stained for (NSE and calretinin) using the VENTANA (ROCHE) BenchMark-XT computerized automated system and the ultra View Universal DAB Detection Kit. A total of 4 µm thickness tissue sections were used.
The antibodies used were calretinin rabbit monoclonal antibody (clone SP65) and NSE mouse monoclonal antibody (clone E27).
The ultra View Universal DAB Detection Kit detects specific mouse and rabbit primary antibodies, bound to an antigen, in paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The specific antibody is located by a cocktail of enzyme-labeled secondary antibodies (HRP Multimer). The complex is then visualized with hydrogen peroxide substrate and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB), a chromogen, which produces a brown precipitate that is readily observed by light microscopy. The principal steps of the procedure are illustrated in [Figure 1].
Figure 1: UltraView Universal DAB Detection Kit Reaction
The staining protocols followed for both immun-stains (NSE and calretinin) were in accordance with the standard staining protocols of VENTANA (ROCHE) BenchMark-XT system for each antibody. The immunohistochemistry slides were blindly reviewed by two pathologists, independently followed by a common review for agreement.
Neuron-specific enolase
For NSE, the cases were recorded either as positive or negative; a positive ganglion cell categorization was given to an unequivocal strong cytoplasmic NSE stain of the ganglion cells, otherwise the case was scored negative.
Calretinin
For calretinin, the examination was focused on the staining pattern of small nerve fibers in the lamina propria, musularis mucosae, and submucosa (exclusion for mast cells which could be stained for calretinin was made). Likewise, the cases were recorded either positive or negative; a positive nerve fibers categorization was given to an unequivocal strong calretinin stain of small nerve fibers located as above, otherwise the case was scored negative.
The statistical analysis was performed by using GraphPad Prism ® version 6, San Diego, California. Numerical data was described as mean and standard deviation. Categorical data was described as count and percentage. Crosstab model was used to estimate association between studied markers and final diagnosis. Pearson correlation was used to estimate the correlation between studied markers. Further, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and kappa index were calculated to estimate the diagnostic effectiveness of studied markers.
In the present study, the mean age for HD cases was 19.43 months. Male-to-female ratio in HD cases was 2.34:1. Histopathological diagnosis of HD depended on the absence of ganglionic cells in submucosal Meissner and myenteric Auerback plexus. To confirm this interpretation, sections from HD and non-HD cases were immunostained with calretinin and NSE. All HD cases showed negative expression of calretinin in small nerve fibers of the lamina propria, musularis mucosae, and submucosa, and negative expression of NSE in ganglionic cells. On the other hand, all non-HD cases (diagnosed histopathologically by the demonstration of ganglionic cells) revealed positive expression of both calretinin and NSE. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values for both markers in the confirmation of diagnosis of HD were all 100%. Analysis of the correlation between the two markers by Pearson test demonstrated that all NSE negative cases were negative for calretinin and the same for positive cases in which Pearson's correlation value was 1. The results showed that there was no association between gender type and immunohistochemical expression of calretinin and NSE among all cases.
Descriptive analysis
Patients' age ranged from 1 month to 9 years (mean ± SD = 21.9 ± 23.74 months) and male-to-female ratio was 2,43:1 [Table 1].
Table 1: Descriptive analysis of age and gender in the studied cases
According to the histopathological assessment of (submucosal Meissner and myenteric Auerback) ganglion cells in multiple levels H and E-stained serial sections of the distal colon and rectum; cases with absent ganglionic cells were considered HD, which comprised 40 cases out of the total 48 case enrolled in the present study [Figure 2]. The remaining 8 cases with excluded HD showed the presence of ganglionic cells in the H and E-stained serial sections [Figure 3].
Figure 2: Hirschsprung disease; absence of myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) ganglion cells along the interface between the two layers muscularis layer of colon (arrows). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×10
Figure 3: Normally occurring myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) ganglion cells between the two layers muscularis layer of colon; large pyramidal shaped cells with large vesicular nucleus and prominent nucleolus (arrows). Hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×40
The mean age for HD cases was 19.43 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the age groups between HD and HD excluded cases (P = 0.314). According to gender, male cases were 28 (70%) in HD whereas 6 cases (75%) were HD excluded males without significant difference (P = 0.572). Male-to-female ratio in HD cases was 2.34:1 [Table 1].
Diagnostic value of neuron-specific enolase and calretinin immunohistochemical expression in Hirschberg disease
According to the results of NSE and calretinin immunohistochemical expression in [Table 2], it was noticed that all HD cases were both NSE and calretinin negative (40 cases) [Figure 4] and [Figure 5] and all HD excluded cases were both NSE and calretinin positive (8 cases) [Figure 6],[Figure 7],[Figure 8]. However, NSE and calretinin expression were 100% sensitive and specific for the discrimination of ganglionic from aganglionic bowel, with kappa index of 1.
Table 2: Neuron-specific enolase and calretinin expression according to the final diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease
Figure 4: Hirschsprung disease showing negative immunohistochemical staining of neuron specific enolase and calretinin (same case) with absence of myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) ganglion cells along the interface between the two layers muscularis layer of colon (arrows). (a) Neuron specific enolase (×10), (b) calretinin (×10)
Figure 5: Hirschsprung disease with complete absence of staining of calretinin in small nerve fibers of lamina propria and submucosa layers. (a) power ×10; (b) power ×40
Figure 6: Neuron specific enolase: normal staining pattern for myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) ganglion cells between the two layers muscularis layer of colon; strong brown cytoplasmic stain for a group of ganglion cells (arrows), ×40
Figure 7: Calretinin: normal presence and distribution in lamina propria and submucosa layers of small nerve fibers showing strong brown cytoplasmic staining pattern for calretinin (arrows). (a) power ×10; (b) power ×40
Figure 8: Normal staining pattern of calretinin for myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) ganglion cells between the two layers muscularis layer of colon; strong brown cytoplasmic stain for two groups of ganglion cells (arrows); ×10
Further analysis to explore the possible relationship between both markers was done. For this analysis, cross-table model with Pearson correlation were used. The results in [Table 3] show that all NSE negative cases were negative for calretinin and the same for positive cases in which Pearson's correlation value was 1.
Table 3: Cross-table correlation between neuron-specific enolase and calretinin expression
The results in [Table 4] show that there was no association between gender type and immunohistochemical expression of calretinin and NSE among all cases. For both the markers, 28 (82.4%) male cases were negative while only 6 (17.6%) were positive. Concerning female cases, 12 (85.7%) were negative and only 2 (14.3%) were positive (P = 0.572). Furthermore, there was no association between age groups and calretinin or NSE expression in all cases. Among calretinin or NSE negative cases, 31 cases (77.5%) were equal or below 2 years of age and only 5 (62.5%) were positive for the same age group.
Table 4: Association between age and gender with calretinin and neuron-specific enolase expression
Lack of ganglion cells in colonic neural plexus is required for the pathological diagnosis of HD. Immunohistochemical staining of calretinin assist in the detection of small immature ganglion cells through intense staining of ganglia, facilitating the recognition of small immature ganglion cells. Nevertheless, the assessment of many cases is still difficult, thus requiring demanding repeated deeper sections.[13]
Zuikova et al. stated that calretinin immunohistochemical technique is less challenging and can be interpreted more easily than AChE. It shares with AChE the lesser requirement to look for ganglion cells in several serial sections of tiny rectal tissue biopsy. They also mentioned that the application of combined one positive (AChE) and one negative (calretinin) could take full advantage of the precision to diagnose HD.[14]
In the present study, all HD cases showed negative expression of calretinin in small nerve fibers of the lamina propria, musularis mucosae, and submucosa, and negative expression of NSE in ganglionic cells. On the other hand, all non-HD cases (diagnosed histopathologically by the demonstration of ganglionic cells) revealed positive expression of both calretinin and NSE.
In agreement to these results, Barshack et al. summarized that aganglionic segments revealed absence of calretinin expression in ganglion cells and in the nerve fiber in HD, and conversely calretinin expression was positive in both ganglion cells and nerve fibers in ganglionic areas of HD and normal colon.[13]
Likewise, Małdyk et al. reported a study in 2014 including results that are concordant with the present one, showing that expression of calretinin was positive in all rectal biopsies with ganglionic cells while negative expression was noticed in all aganglionic segments, thus concluding that immunohistochemical staining of calretinin is a valuable adjunct to histopathology in the diagnosis of HD.[6]
Lim et al. recorded two false negative results out of the 27 patients with HD, caused by technical overstaining and punctate immunoreactivity of deep submucosal hypertrophied nerves. They concluded that immunostaining with calretinin is a reliable ancillary technique in the investigation of HD.[7]
Another study performed by Guinard-Samuel et al. demonstrated that difficulties faced using combined histopathological examination and staining with acetylcholinesterase can be bypassed through immunostaining with calretinin, and that all HD can be diagnosed accurately without false positive results.[15]
In an institutional experience, Alexandrescu et al. affirmed in their work published in 2013 that calretinin immunohistochemical test is a dependable diagnostic method for the pathologist when used in combination with histopathological examination, particularly in cases with sparse or immature ganglion cells in colonic submucosa.[8]
Hiradfar et al. investigated the expression of calretinin in colonic sections of HD in comparison to control cases and found that, in both HD patients and control cases, calretinin immunostaining was positive in the nerve fibers of the lamina propria, submucosa, and muscularis propria. Ganglion cells in submucosa and muscularis propria revealed positive calretinin expression in all specimens of both control group and ganglionic segments of HD cases. Immunohistochemical expression of calretinin was negative in all but 2 cases in the muscularis propria nerve fibers of the aganglionic segments. Sensitivity and specificity of this method for the diagnosis of HD in full thickness specimens of intestinal wall were 93.3% and 100%, respectively, with a positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 93.8%.[10] In the same manner, Mukhopadhyay et al. reported that sensitivity of calretinin immunohistochemistry for ganglion cells detection was 100% and that the specificity was 97.44%, with positive and negative predictive value of 84.62% and 100%, respectively. Another study showed that the sensitivity of calretinin reactivity in ganglion cells was 90.5% and specificity was 92.9%.[3]
Results of Kaçar et al., which are concordant with the present work, revealed a great equivalence between histopathological assessment and calretinin immunostaining, concluding that immunohistochemical testing of calretinin has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of HD, reducing the requirement for repetitive biopsies and unnecessary sectioning for suction biopsy, full thickness biopsy, as well as resection specimen.[1] Similarly, Gonzalo et al. found in their retrospective study that all patients without HD had positive immunohistochemical expression of nerve fibers in lamina propria or muscularis mucosae, and all Hirschsprung patients showed negative calretinin expression concluding that immunohistochemical testing of calretinin is quite supportive in triaging additional workup based on clinical suspicion.[16]
Regarding usefulness role of NSE in the diagnosis of HD, Nogueira et al. compared the diagnostic role NSE immunohistochemical expression in HD with H and E staining in consecutive sections, and accomplished that both H and E and NSE immunostaining had identical value in the assessment of neurons in sections of rectal wall of patients with clinically suspected HD.[17] MacKenzie et al. stated that staining for NSE is helpful to detect immature ganglion cells in paediatric large intestine.[18] In another published article, the authors showed that NSE immunostaining produced intense staining of ganglion cells' perikarya, significantly assisting in identification of small immature forms. They concluded that NSE immunohistochemical testing may help in the elucidation of rectal mucosal biopsies when HD is suspected.[19]
In 2006, Torabizadeh et al. reported that sensitivity, specificity, efficiency, and positive and negative predictive values in the diagnosis of HD in NSE method were 100%, 84.2%, 89.1%, 81.8%, and 100%, respectively, and concluded that, with positive immunohistochemical expression of NSE, detecting ganglion cell absolutely excludes HD, however, absence of ganglion cell confirms 81.8% of HD cases.[12]
Robey et al. retrospectively reviewed biopsy specimens from patients with suspected and proven HD, and concluded that NSE immunostaining is of value in identifying ganglion cells in suspected cases of HD.[20]
The present study concludes that calretinin immunostaining, like that of NSE, is a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic aid to histopathological examination in suspected HD.
Kaçar A, Arikök AT, Azili MN, Ekberli Ağirbaş G, Tiryaki T. Calretinin immunohistochemistry in Hirschsprung's disease: An adjunct to formalin-based diagnosis. Turk J Gastroenterol 2012;23:226-33.
Memarzadeh M, Talebi A, Edalaty M, Hosseinpour M, Vahidi N. Hirschsprung's disease diagnosis: Comparison of immunohistochemical, Haematoxilin and eosin staining. J Indian Assoc Paediatr Surg 2009;14:59-62.
Mukhopadhyay B, Mukhopadhyay M, Mondal KC, Sengupta M, Paul A. Hirschsprung's Disease in Neonates with Special Reference to Calretinin Immunohistochemistry. J Clin Diagn Res 2015;9:EC06-9.
Pease PW, Corkery JJ, Cameron AH. Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease by punch biopsy of rectum. Arch Dis Child 1976;51:541-3.
Rabah R. Total Colonic Aganglionosis: Case Report, Practical Diagnostic Approach and Pitfalls. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2010;134:1467-73.
Małdyk J, Rybczyñska J, Piotrowski D, Kozielski R. Evaluation of calretinin immunohistochemistry as an additional tool in confirming the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Pol J Pathol 2014;65:34-9.
Lim KH, WanWK, Lim TKH, Loh AHL, Nah SA, Chang KT. Primary diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease – Calretinin immunohistochemistry in rectal suction biopsies, with emphasis on diagnostic pitfalls. World J Pathol 2014;3:14-22.
Alexandrescu S, Rosenberg H, Tatevian N. Role of calretinin immunohistochemical stain in evaluation of Hirschsprung disease: An institutional experience. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013;6:2955-61.
Kapur RP, Reed RC, Finn LS, Patterson K, Johanson J, Rutledge JC. Calretinin immunohistochemistry versus acetylcholinesterase histochemistry in the evaluation of suction rectal biopsies for Hirschsprung disease. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2009;12:6-15.
Hiradfar M, Sharifi N, Khajedaluee M, Zabolinejad N, Taraz JS. Calretinin immunohistochemistry and aid in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Iran J Basic Med Sci 2012;15:1053-9.
Holland SK, Ramalingam P, Podolsky RH, Reid-Nicholson MD, Lee JR. Calretinin immunostaining as an adjunct in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung disease. Ann Diagn Pathol 2011;15:323-8.
Torabizadeh Z, Naghshvar F, Khalilian AR. Determining the diagnostic value of neuron specific enolase staining of the mucosal-submucosal rectal biopsies obtained from patients suspected of Hirschsprung's disease. Iran J Pathol 2006;1:121-6.
Barshack I, Fridman E, Goldberg I, Chowers Y, Kopolovic J. The loss of calretinin expression indicates aganglionosis in Hirschsprung's disease. J Clin Pathol 2004;57:712-6.
Zuikova V, Franckevica I, Strumfa I, Melderis I. Immunohistochemical diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease and allied disorders. Acta Chirurgica Latviensis 2015;15:50-7.
Guinard-Samuel V, Bonnard A, De Lagausie P, Philippe-Chomette P, Alberti C, El Ghoneimi A. Calretinin immunohistochemistry: A simple and efficient tool to diagnose Hirschsprung disease. Mod Pathol 2009;22:1379-84.
Gonzalo DH, Plesec T. Hirschsprung disease and use of calretinin in inadequate rectal suction biopsies. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2013;137:1099-102.
Nogueira AM, Barbosa AJ, Carvalho AA, Pinheiro FC, Coelho M, Cabral MM. Usefulness of immunocytochemical demonstration of neuron-specific enolase in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1990;11:496-502.
MacKenzie JM, Dixon MF. An immunohistochemical study of the enteric neural plexi in Hirschsprung's disease. Histopathology 1987;11:1055-66.
Hall CL, Lampert PW. Immunohistochemistry as an aid in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease. Am J Clin Pathol 1985;83:177-81.
Robey SS, Kuhajda FP, Yardley JH. Immunoperoxidase stains of ganglion cells and abnormal mucosal nerve proliferations in Hirschsprung's disease. Hum Pathol 1988;19:432-7.
Ban J Qasim
Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad
[Figure 1], [Figure 2], [Figure 3], [Figure 4], [Figure 5], [Figure 6], [Figure 7], [Figure 8]
[Table 1], [Table 2], [Table 3], [Table 4]
1 To assess calretinin immunohistochemistry in Hirschsprung's disease and allied disorders
Sharada Rane, Pooja U Patil, Dasmit Singh Khokar
Indian Journal of Pathology and Oncology. 2020; 7(3): 408
Musa ZA
Qasim BJ
Ghazi HF
Al Shaikhly AA
full-thickness distal colonic and rectal biopsies


Artificial Casings Market - Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast (2017-2022) | Meticulous Market Research Pvt. Ltd.
Increasing global population, especially urban population plays a key role in the growing use of artificial casings worldwide. This rise in the global population has led to the significant increase in the meat and sausages consumption and production worldwide which creates demand for artificial casings from sausages manufacturers. Additionally, to meet the increasing demand and exploit the opportunities, especially in emerging economies, the leading companies are investing heavily in this market which is fueling the growth of global artificial casings market. Global Artificial Casings Market is expected to reach USD 3,955.7 million by 2022, at a CAGR of 5.7% during the forecast period of 2017 to 2022.
Following a comprehensive research on artificial casings and an in-depth analysis of the market scenario, the report carries out an impact analysis of the key industry drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities, listed in the market dynamics segment. Increase in the global population and subsequent rise in the meat consumption and production, accelerating investments from leading players, increasing preference to artificial casings by sausage manufacturers, casings manufacturers' shift from natural casings to artificial casings due to operational challenges, and rising number of food restaurant chains are the key market drivers covered in the report which will support the industry growth in the forecast period. In addition, emerging economies such as Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa provides significant opportunities to the artificial casing manufacturers. However, consumer preference to natural casings over artificial casings is restraining the growth of this market to some extent.
An exhaustive analysis of the geographical scenario of the industry for the five major geographies: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa is included in the geographical analysis section. These regions are further analysed at a country level with the detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis. The geographical analysis provides detailed insights on the key trends of the industry in the listed regions & countries, identifying the demographic & economic impact, government & private investments, and regulatory scenario. The report identifies North America to be the largest market, followed by Europe and Asia Pacific. The geographical analysis section also comments on the key market players shaping the growth of the industry in the respective countries.
The report also includes the competitive landscape based on an extensive assessment of the key strategic developments adopted by leading market participants in the industry over the past 3 years (2014-2017). The study has also incorporated the market share analysis of leading players and detailed profiles of 16 top market players across the value chain of the industry, including detailed financial performance, product offerings, and strategic growth initiatives of each player.
The key players operating in the global artificial casings market are Viscofan SA (Spain), Devro PLC (U.K.), Selo (The Netherlands), Shenguan Holdings (Group) Limited (China), DAT-Schaub Group (Denmark), ViskoTeepak (Finland), FIBRAN, S.A. (Spain), Viskase Companies, Inc. (U.S.), Innovia Films Limited (U.K.), Colpak (South Africa), Nippi, Inc. (Japan), FABIOS S.A. (Poland), Nitta Casings Inc. (U.S.), Kalle GmbH (Germany), Oversea Casing Company LLC. (U.S.), and DeWied International, Inc. (U.S.).
What strategies should new companies look to enter this market use to compete effectively?
What are the major drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities in the global artificial casings market?
What companies have recently merged/acquired and how will these unions affect the competitive landscape of the global artificial casings market?
Which companies have created partnerships and how will these partnerships promote a competitive advantage?


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Angela Gair - "Lucy"
Angela believes in the motto, "Life is not a dress rehearsal." This belief was put to the test when she was diagnosed with a rare form of cancer in May 2000. The ordeal motivated her more than ever to beat the disease and pursue her childhood dream to act. Today she is an eight-year cancer survivor and has numerous stage, film and commercial credits to her name. Prior to her role as Pearl's mother, Angela served as executive producer of the Cowboy Talkin' music video for DeAnne Moore. She's also played Senorita de la Venta in The Other Side of Paradise and a British Mum in The Wayside written and directed by Leo Fabian.


Here we are about to end the month of September and the tropics are still as busy as ever. While we do not have any hurricanes currently in the Atlantic, Kirk may make a run at becoming a hurricane before it reaches the Lesser Antilles.
Meanwhile, in the east Pacific, hurricane Rosa is gaining strength quickly and will soon become a major hurricane and then is likely to turn north and eventually northeast towards the Baja and the Southwest U.S. – which could pose a major flood threat early next week.
I cover all of these topics and more in my latest video discussion posted below.


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Esparza Surname Popularity in the United States
In this article we'll look at the surname Esparza and how popular it is in the United States. We'll also look at the race and ethnic origin of people in the United States who are named Esparza.
Esparza, like all of the names we have data for, is identified by the U.S. Census Bureau as a surname which has more than 100 occurrences in the United States in the Decennial Census survey. The most recent statistics we have for the Esparza surname is from the 2010 census data.
Where Does Esparza Rank in the Most Common U.S. Names?
According to the data, Esparza is ranked #816 in terms of the most common surnames in America.
The Esparza surname appeared 42,559 times in the 2010 census and if you were to sample 100,000 people in the United States, approximately 14.43 would have the surname Esparza.
We can also compare 2010 data for Esparza to data from the previous census in 2000. The table below contains all of the statistics for both years in a side-by-side comparison.
816 971 -17.35%
42,559 32,772 25.98%
14.43 12.15 17.16%
Race and Ethnic Origin of People with the Last Name Esparza
We also have some data on the ancestry of people with the surname Esparza.
For the most recent 2010 census data, the race/ethnic origin breakdown for Esparza was:
5.12%, or 2,179 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic White Only".
0.14%, or 60 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic Black Only".
0.15%, or 64 total occurrences, were "Non-Hispanic of Two or More Races".
94.17%, or 40,078 total occurrences, were "Hispanic Origin".
Since we have data from the previous census in 2000, we can also compare the values to see how the popularity of Esparza has changed in the 10 years between the two census surveys.
5.12% 5.40% -5.32%
Esparza Surname Popularity in the United States
"Esparza Surname Popularity in the United States". NameCensus.com. Accessed on January 28, 2022. http://namecensus.com/last-names/esparza-surname-popularity/.
"Esparza Surname Popularity in the United States". NameCensus.com, http://namecensus.com/last-names/esparza-surname-popularity/. Accessed 28 January, 2022
Esparza Surname Popularity in the United States. NameCensus.com. Retrieved from http://namecensus.com/last-names/esparza-surname-popularity/.


🇺🇸Your Local Guide to 4th of July Celebrations on the Emerald Coast!
Do you like to go all out on the 4th of July? You're in luck. The Emerald Coast and its surrounding beaches are the place to be for the Fourth of July. Celebrations in this area are second to none and you will have an absolute blast!
Check out our list of 4th of July Celebrations on the Emerald Coast for 2017!
"Come down to the Destin Harbor and celebrate Independence Day, with Live Music, Fireworks & Fun! Let freedom ring, rock and roll with The Victory Belles as they revive the WWII classics in their throwback tailored dresses, coiffed curls, red lipstick and vintage charm. The patriotic salute will continue with the Modern Eldorado's and fireworks lighting up the sky at 9PM!"
"Enjoy a day of fun in the sun, and an evening that lights up the sky! Celebrate the 4th of July at the Village of Baytowne Wharf with family activities throughout the day! Kick off the 4th with an Independence Day golf cart parade and end your evening with fireworks over the lagoon!"
"Start bright and early with our Bike Decorating Contest & Breakfast. (7:30 AM) followed by the Bike Parade throughout the Town Center (8:30 AM). Enjoy an old-fashioned family field day on Western Green with sack races, water balloon toss, games prizes and more (9:00 AM). Rock to the sounds of the different decades with our band the "Like Totally" Hep Cats on Western Green (6:00 PM). Enjoy a star spangled fireworks display from the beach courtesy of the Rosemary Beach Property Owners Association (8:45 PM). Blankets and Lawn Chairs are welcome."