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A Letter from Charles Francis Adams, Part 2
Charles Francis Adams
Charles Francis Adams, like Charles Sumner, joined the Free Soil party at its formation. He and Sumner became friends during their mutual estrangement from the Whig Party. That friendship came just when Sumner alienated many of his previous social circle and won ostracism from much of Boston high society for his increasingly outspoken antislavery politics. Now Sumner stood poised for election to the Senate, but dissenters in the Free Soil-Democracy coalition put forward Adams' name in his place. They reasoned that in a few years their party might achieve unaided dominance of Massachusetts politics and damned the coalition for its corrupting potential. Better to either let the Senate seat remain vacant until their triumphant solo victory or align with the Whigs and elect a solid antislavery man. Sumner's infamous devotion to the issue made him solid enough for most, but he had readily quit the Whigs where Adams maintained connections within his old party. As such, Adams made the ideal candidate for men already set on a Whig antislavery coalition for much the same reasons that made Sumner ideal for a Democratic one.
Adams agreed, declaring that John Palfrey's proposal completely won him over. The dictates of conscience and duty aligned for it sufficiently to draw him out of his brief political retirement. Indeed, as he wrote to the Boston Atlas,
the questions of casuistry presented to the Free Soil party are in my mind so wholly clear as to admit no difference of opinion in the determination of them among honest men.
Every decent Free Soil man should threat about the Democracy using and abusing their movement. They should all fear that the Democrats they agreed to prefer for statewide office might turn on them and serve the nation's more proslavery party. That said,
I have as much confidence in the purity of purpose of the party which which I act, as I ever had; and though I may not agree with the majority in the use of means to attain an end, yet I fully belive [sic] the end we mean to reach is one and the same-the preponderance of the principles of Freedom in the National policy.
Robert Winthrop (Whig-MA)
To this point, Adams has sounded entirely in Palfrey's vein. He spends most of the length of his letter endorsing his fellow's program and motives. One could read it as Adams accepting the presumptive nomination. He then acknowledged the appeal of an antislavery Senator of Sumner's stripe, calling his friend "one of our ablest and most honest and most inflexible advocates." Adams felt a "temptation" to overlook all Palfrey's worries. So he did:
Most especially should I be reconciled to every thing short of a dissolution of the party into old line democracy, if it could ring the political knell of one, whose loose private and wavering public career has done more, in my humble judgment, to shake the principles and unsettle the highest policy of puritan New England, than that of any man known to its history.
In short, Adams would like to take a place in the Senate and use his power their to defeat slavery. He worried about the Democrats turning on his party. But he trusted Sumner's convictions and he believed the risks of coalition worth the gain of deposing such a pliable tool of the slave power as Robert Winthrop.
Leave a comment Posted in Deep Dives, Road to War Tagged Antislavery, Charles Francis Adams, Charles Sumner, Democrats, Free Soil, John G. Palfrey, Massachusetts, Robert Winthrop, Taylor, The Liberator
Readers of The Liberator for January 17, 1851 could turn immediately from John Palfrey's argument against maintaining the Free Soil-Democratic coalition in Massachusetts to a letter from another prominent Free Soiler, Charles Francis Adams. Palfrey endorsed Stephen Phillips for governor on his proposed ticket, but left the nomination for senator open to an unspecified party man. Most of Palfrey's and The Liberator's readers could probably guess he had Adams in mind. According to Charles Sumner's biographer, David Donald, Adams thought he had a fair chance at becoming a Senator with Free Soil and Whig votes as well. If any missed the implication, then William Lloyd Garrison printed a letter from Adams immediately following Palfrey's circular.
Adams opened by playing innocent. Nineteenth century politicians should not look hungry for office, but rather approach it when summoned out of a sense of duty. The son and grandson of presidents protested that no one should even care about "the private opinions of a retired individual". But since the editors of the Boston Atlas, from which Garrison copied the piece, put his name out there Adams felt he ought to set the record straight. Playing disinterested statesman to the hilt, he declared
In all the trials to which individuals in any way connected with the Free Soil movement have been subjected during the years that I have had any share in them, it has been a rule laid down by me for the regulation of my own conduct, never voluntarily to place myself in them, excepting when called upon by my sense of public duty.
Adams didn't want to take part in politics, except when he did. It had cost him "friends with whom I had for several years cordially acted" when he opposed Robert Winthrop's bid for Congress back in 1846. Given Winthrop now stood much as he had then, as a conservative Whig, raising that memory had particular resonance even apart from placing Adams in the founding struggles of Massachusetts Free Soil. He then progressed through his opposition to Zachary Taylor for the presidency in 1848, when the Conscience Whigs broke with the state and national party. Seeing Taylor
unattended with a single pledge to sustain the policy of freedom […] I consented to be driven from the associations, from which, I had consulted my own feelings and the natural resentment which rough treatment occasions, I should have parted some time before. And just so has it been of late.
John Palfrey
In other words, Adams didn't leave Whiggery. Whiggery left Adams, and that in a particularly unkind way. His old affections kept him with the party for too long, he saw with the benefit of hindsight. Now duty moved Adams again:
My sterling and respected friend, John G. Palfrey, took a different view of his duty, and presented his reasoning to me in a manner in which I could not, neither did I seek to avoid an opinion. It commanded my assent, and I bowed to the ascendancy of moral truth, recognizing in this as in preceding cases, the force that principle of conscience in judging political questions, for which it has been the pleasure of those opposed to us to make us a bye-word and a reproach.
Adams didn't want any part of political advancement. But his good friend Palfrey had such a strong argument that it dragged the retiree, who hadn't held an office since his Massachusetts State Senate term ended in 1845, back into politics. A skeptical observer might note that Charles Adams also found duty dragged him into serving as Martin Van Buren's running mate on the Free Soil ticket in 1848. Adams had certainly left public office, but his retirement from politics looks to have lasted about a year.
Leave a comment Posted in Deep Dives, Road to War Tagged Antislavery, Charles Francis Adams, Charles Sumner, Democrats, Free Soil, John G. Palfrey, Massachusetts, Taylor, The Liberator
John G. Palfrey's Case Against Coalition, Part 2
John Palfrey wrote a circular letter to the Free Soil members of the incoming Massachusetts legislature urging them to abandon plans to coalition with the Bay State's Democrats. Together they may have won at the polls, but to continue joined with the party of southern radicalism risked seeing their coalition partners fall into line with the national party. For that matter, Whigs like Palfrey had quit their old party for supporting a slaveholder. They could hardly reject Zachary Taylor as a slaveholder and then accept George Boutwell, who willingly shared a party with John C. Calhoun and James K. Polk. Staying pure might even help them in the upcoming elections, but if they must coalition then their old Whig friends would prove far more reliable partners.
Giving up the coalition risked things that the Free Soilers considered justly won, though. The Democrats didn't care as much about the open Senate seat and agreed to accept whoever the free soil men nominated…or so they said. Governor Boutwell would take his seat first and minds might change after the Party of Jackson got what they wanted. To prove the point, he need only look at another schemer against Charles Sumner's election:
It seems to be understood that a prominent member of the party, Mr. Cushing, would actively oppose the scheme; and it would undoubtedly be opposed, with the utmost vigor, with influences brought to bear on individuals, both through the present patronage of the government, dispensed by Mr. Webster, and through the expected patronage of the government of Mr. Cass. Is it very unlikely that one-half of the arrangement would remain unexecuted?
Caught between Caleb Cushing and Lewis Cass, both Democrats, and Daniel Webster's wing of Whiggery, the free soilers might not get the seat at all. If the Massachusetts legislature couldn't muster a majority for a candidate, the Bay State would go without a senator until they did. That may sound far-fetched, but difficulties of that sort ultimately convinced the state legislatures to ratify the Seventeenth Amendment, stripping them of their senator-appointing power. If some coalition could muster that majority, the seat might go to some compromiser of Webster's stripe or a pliant Democrat. Either outcome would serve the cause of slavery.
Looking at that possibility, Palfrey thought the Free Soil party had no chance to get both a governor and a senator they could live with by going along with the coalition plan. Instead, they should strike for both offices:
I would vote for Mr. Phillips for Governor, and some Free Soiler for Senator. I think there si a fair prospect that you would eventually choose Mr. Phillips without any bargain, and with the help of the votes from other parties-such is the high estimation in which he is held. And that would be a great triumph.
Worse case, Palfrey expected the senate seat to remain open rather than go to an enemy of freedom. That would only endure until the next General Court session, by which point he hoped for a solid majority:
Old parties seem designed to be much loosened during the coming year; and we should go before the people with clean hands, occupying blameless and lofty ground, and with a claim to their confidence founded on having shown by our steadfastness that we really value our principles, and meant all that we had said.
Just to make it clear to everyone that Palfrey's "some Free Soiler" did not look back at him in the mirror, he disclaimed any aspiration to the Senate for himself. He came before them as a disinterested public man, ready to support anybody of sound principles. Those principles did not include cooperating with the Democracy, which ruled Charles Sumner and his three backbones right out.
Leave a comment Posted in Deep Dives, Road to War Tagged Antislavery, Charles Sumner, Democrats, Free Soil, John G. Palfrey, Massachusetts, Taylor, The Liberator
The election of 1850 left the Free Soil-Democrat coalition in control of the Massachusetts legislature. That gave them the power to name its senator and the respective caucuses decided to nominate Charles Sumner. That should make for smooth sailing, but the coalition had not negotiated a full fusion and remained full of men with prior party affiliations that made them uneasy in coalition with prior enemies. Furthermore, as experienced political hands they had a full range of personal grudges and ambitions. A Free Soiler named John Palfrey, a historian and Unitarian minister in addition to his political career, objected to Sumner and the coalition in a confidential circular letter to the incoming Free Soil members of Massachusetts' General Court. His confidential letter appears in The Liberator for January 17, 1851.
Palfrey opens by explaining that he didn't really mean to sneak around behind anyone's back. They should read him as a fellow traveler with concerns, not trying to influence anybody or puff himself up. Then he got to it, arguing that nothing in the coalition agreement with the Democrats required Free Soilers to continue working in concert with them now that the election had come and gone. The parties had every right under that arrangement to set their own courses, however their consciences may dictate.
I know of no existing compact or understanding, to restrain the free action of either. The Post, the chief organ of the Democracy, disavows everything of the kind; and I understand that the language of most of the principal country papers of that party is the same.
In other words, even the Democrats didn't think they had some kind of open-ended deal coalition deal. Therefore, Free Soil men should not feel "any obligation of good faith" to support Boutwell for the Governor's post. They had in Stephen Phillips a Conscience Whig of eminent qualifications, "thoroughly sympathizing with them in the momentous objects of their party organization" who would do far better as a governor. Boutwell, as a Democrat, would feel pressure to align with his national party and turn proslavery on the coalition.
The Whigs have in past times talked as well for freedom as ourselves. Some of them talk so still. We have said that the difference between us and them was, that they did not act up to their professions, because, by voting for pro-slavery men for high office, they directed their political actions against liberty. If the same way we cease to act up to our professions, will not the difference between them and us appear to the people to be done away? and shall we not lose the people's confidence? and shall we not deserve to lose it?
A politician of any stripe could make a similar argument. Both modern parties have adherents, myself included, who complain about members in name only. Whigs like Palfrey had quit Whiggery when the party nominated Zachary Taylor for the presidency. To support Boutwell risked doing themselves just what they had damned the national party for.
Hale vs. Pierce: Scheduling the Civil War
John Hale
John Hale, New Hampshire's free soil senator, castigated Franklin Pierce. That Scourge of God and vulgar demagogue, he told the Senate, impugned the good character of men of such exalted station that the President proved unworthy to tie their shoes. They had stood for a free Kansas, with fair elections. They had avowed the president's supposed convictions and declared for the Kansans to set the territory's course. Franklin Pierce had done all in his power to ensure every decision about Kansas' future fell to armed mobs from Missouri.
Hale made no apology for the harsh words. He would
be restrained by no consideration from speaking what I believe to be the truth.
Lest anybody thought Hale had something nastier to say. The Senator took being called an enemy of the Constitution seriously indeed. Hale also thought the charge absurd, but an absurd charge can still offend. If Pierce wanted to pick a fight over Kansas, then Hale stood ready. He could not imagine a better cause, at least in early 1856.
In declaring that the battle might begin then and there, on the floor of the Senate, Hale needed only look forward to the most likely of events. Nineteenth century Americans organized territories with the expectation that they would soon seek admission to the Union as states. The free state movement already had a plan to try it. The proslavery side soon would do the same. Thus:
If, by the illegal violence of the men who have gone over into Kansas, and undertaken to establish slavery there, they shall come here and ask for admission into the Union with a slave constitution, and Kansas will be rejected, the President tells us that is the most favorable aspect in which the question can be presented. That will be the issue, and, if it be decided against slavery, we are threatened with civil war.
Hale might sound overheated to us, but the admission of a new state had brought the nation into crisis twice in living memory. His formula of a slave state rejected by Congress recalls the Missouri Controversy, but we could just as easily point to California seeking admission as a free state. The two greatest sectional clashes of the antebellum era to date both began on the same road.
All this bellicosity required disclaimers. Hale didn't want people to think him a fanatic. He didn't welcome a civil war, though he confessed that at times he wished one would come to get it all over with. Should the war finally erupt, Hale anticipated it would have one good effect:
it would learn those men who are constantly talking about the dissolution of the Union a lesson which neither they, nor their children's children, would ever forget.
They learned two lessons, in fact. The nation would not stand for rebellion and would put one down with great force. It would also let them have nearly everything short of slavery if they continued the war by other means for long enough.
Of course, Franklin Pierce would not make the best wartime president; he made for a nearly catastrophic peacetime president. Better, Hale thought, to wait:
If the attempt at disunion were made wish such a man as General Jackson, or General Taylor in the Presidential chair, and it were repressed promptly, as it would be, people would say "Oh, it was his great military power, his reputation, his popularity which did it." God knows they could not say it of this President.
The gallery rang with laughter.
Leave a comment Posted in Bleeding Kansas, Road to War Tagged Antislavery, Democrats, Franklin Pierce, Free Soil, Jackson, John Hale, New Hampshire, Popular Sovereignty, Taylor
A Greytown Narrative, Part Two
Solon Borland (D-AR)
On May 16, 1854, Solon Borland came to Greytown. He arrived via an Accessory Transit Company steamer under the command of a Captain Smith. Smith had a longstanding dislike of a black pilot who once worked for the Company. When Smith saw Antonio's boat out on the river that day, he apparently decided to ram and sink it with his larger vessel. Antonio saw Smith coming and called out that should Smith ram him, he would shoot Smith. Smith rammed Antonio anyway, failing to sink his boat. When the passengers came on deck to find out what transpired, Smith told them that he'd lost control of his rudder. Just a little fender bender. Smith got his vessel underway again and left it all behind him.
Solon Borland gave Smith a talking to. Would he let a black man speak to him like that? Why didn't he shoot Antonio? By the time Borland convinced Smith that his white manhood and honor hung in the balance, Smith's steamer had gone half a mile or more down the river. Smith turned it around and went back, going below to get his rifle while the vessel went upstream. He came out and found Antonio, took aim, and shot him dead. Then the vessel resumed its prior course for Greytown.
The Greytown authorities soon involved themselves. A coroner's jury, attended by United States commercial agent Joseph Fabens, agreed that Antonio died not at the hands of the mysterious Nicaragua Bullet Tree but rather at the hands of another person. Acting doubtless on the testimony of many of Antonio's employees on hand when the shooting occurred, they pinned the blame on Smith. The constabulary duly went off and presented themselves at Smith's ship. Smith, feeling some remorse at having been browbeaten into murder, seems to have intended to cooperate until Solon Borland once again inserted himself. He drew up a rifle or pistol, accounts differ as to which, and threatened to shoot any members of the Greytown constabulary who set foot on deck. Borland declared his credentials as the American minister to Central America and called on his fellow passengers to help him.
They did not leap to the task, but Greytown's officers of the law exhibited the common allergy to bullets and opted not to risk Borland's aim. They left without Smith. Borland took himself to the home of Joseph Fabens. Word got around Greytown that Borland had Smith with him and an angry mob gathered outside Fabens' house. Borland came downstairs and ranted at the mob for a while, denouncing them as, among other things, the scum of Hell. Someone threw a bottle and hit Borland in the face. Greytown's mayor arrived, denounced the mob, apologized to Borland, and offered a reward for the capture of the man who threw the bottle.
If we believe a man who saw Borland the next day, the bottle might have hurt his pride. Fabens, however, told it that the bottle cut open Borland's head. He went out to the American ships at anchor in the harbor seeking guns, ammunition, and men all of ten minutes after the confrontation with the mob. What did Fabens want those men and arms for?
Mr. Borland had been seriously injured by a parcel of rebels and pirates, and niggers in the town, and appealed to them as Americans, if they would suffer their Minister to be insulted, and called for volunteers to go and burn the town.
William L. Marcy
Fabens got together eleven men for his planned arson, but word had gotten back to Greytown. Possessing a strong aversion to having their homes and businesses burned to the ground, the people refused to let him and his band come ashore. They would permit Fabens alone, but not his gang. Nobody besieged or detained Borland at the Commercial Agency, but he apparently considered himself under arrest because of all this. Somewhere along the way, Borland also hired on a guard for American property in Greytown at the State Department's expense. Borland left town the next day.
Fabens wrote to William L. Marcy, the Secretary of State, about how Greytown had set itself against the Transit Company, stolen its property, and generally made itself a nuisance. Only on May 30th did Fabens elect to write Marcy about what happened with Borland. Borland's own letter explaining himself bears the same date.
Leave a comment Posted in Road to War Tagged California, Filibusters, Greytown, Honduras, Mexican War, Millard Fillmore, Nicaragua, Polk, Taylor
A Greytown Narrative, Part One
The time has more than come for a step back to organize what I've culled from Horace Greeley's reprints of the documents about Greytown, Solon Borland, and the Accessory Transit Company. The documents, and thus my posts, have wandered back and forth through time, disagreed with one another, and addressed far more concerns than I expected when I took on the project. Today I aim to fit it all into a general narrative as best I can.
Greytown began, barring Indian settlements at the same spot, as San Juan del Norte, at the mouth of the San Juan river. Though technically a Spanish possession, then part of the United Provinces of Central America, and then part of Nicaragua, the entire eastern coast of modern Nicaragua and Honduras rarely felt the firm hand of national government. At various points in the past, the British had facilitated immigration from Jamaica to settle friendly sorts in the hinterlands, with an eye to how the whole area sat astride the best route for a canal across Central America and how it would best serve British interests to keep it out of the grasping hands of the United States.
The British had good reason to worry, since the United States made off with half of Mexico in 1848 and briefly considered taking the whole nation. The smaller, unstable republics of Central America would find it difficult to resist American aggression and might even fall to private adventurers who would steal them with an eye toward annexation to the United States or to building their own little empires in the tropics. To deter American expansion, the British declared a protectorate over the Mosquito Coast, essentially the entire eastern coastline of modern Nicaragua and part of Honduras. They also seized San Juan del Norte, drove its previous inhabitants out, and renamed it Greytown. For around four years, the British Empire ruled the area more or less regularly as a colonial possession.
Millard Fillmore
But Democrat James K. Polk gave way to Whig Zachary Taylor, who then died and put Millard Fillmore in the White House. Neither Whig had Polk's appetite for land. Fillmore even cracked down on filibustering. The Whigs and the British reached an agreement to commit to a neutral route across Central America and future canal, laid out in the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty of 1850. With things apparently settling down and more neighborly Americans in office, the British withdrew from Greytown in 1852. The Greytown locals, a fairly international lot, established their own government with a proper constitution, elections, and the usual officials.
When Greytown convened to establish its government, the Accessory Transit Company took an interest. This American firm, founded by Cornelius Vanderbilt but lately under the control of schemers who seized it while he vacationed in Europe, ran steamer routes through Nicaragua to California and so had much invested in Greytown. Thus the company hauled all its employees in to vote and ensure the election of a friendly government. The Transit Company had rented a piece of land called Punta Arenas from the British. This land fell within the new Greytown government's jurisdiction, which expected rent under the previous arrangement. The Transit Company declined to pay.
For a good six months, the Transit Company treated Greytown's government as entirely legitimate. It sued and defended itself in Greytown courts. But the Transit Company really did not want to pay its rent and so decided after those first six months that the Greytown government had no legitimacy after all. Company policy dictated a policy of ignoring Greytown's demands. At some point along the way, an illegal squatter set up a boarding house in Greytown that the Company began to lease for its employees.
Greytown could do little about Punta Arenas miles away, but had the boarding house right at hand. The owner had set it up illegally, after all. He didn't own that land and had no right to its use. The Greytown authorities apparently confiscated the property and kicked the Transit Company boarders out.
The United States recognized Greytown's government, after a fashion. Washington did not dispatch a consul or minister to handle its affairs, but the State Department did dispatch a commercial agent. That agent, Joseph Fabens, almost certainly worked for the Transit Company in addition to his official duties. Fabens sent a series of dispatches to Washington playing up how things had gone out of control and the Greytown government had it in for the Transit Company and Americans in general. Whatever Fabens' superiors in Washington thought of those dispatches, the generated no dramatic orders or changes in policy.
All of this brings us to May of 1854, when Solon Borland came to Greytown. I'll have much more to say about him and his doings in the next part.
The Dixon Amendment
Robert Morse Taliaferro Hunter (D-VA)
Representative Phillip Phillips, a Democrat from Alabama, went to F Street to voice his objections to Stephen Douglas' not quite complete repeal of the Missouri Compromise ban on slavery in the future Nebraska Territory. He spoke with Robert Hunter of Virginia, David Rice Atchison's F Street housemate. Hunter in turn went to Atchison, who arranged a meeting with Douglas. That did not make Phillips any less opposed to Douglas' soft repeal, but the men shared a party and he opted to work inside the party system to get what he wanted.
Over in the Senate, Kentucky Whig Archibald Dixon had no such scruples. Quite the opposite, he wanted fireworks to help prove to the South that Whiggery could be as safe for slavery as the Democracy. A discreet meeting that secured his objectives behind closed doors would not make for much of a campaign speech. The night of January 15, 1854, Dixon told his wife to fetch pen and paper and take dictation. Dixon would beat the Southern Democracy at its own game, exceeding F Street's ambitions and daring them to go against him. Then he and his embattled fellow Whigs could go home with such a remarkable proslavery triumph that their disgruntled constituents would flock back to their banner.
The next day, Monday the 16th, Dixon went public that amendment:
Archibald Dixon (Whig-KY)
Sec. 22. And be it further enacted, That so much of the 8th section of an act approved March 6, 1820, entitled "An act to authorize the people of the Missouri Territory to form a constitution and State government, and for the admission of such State into the Union on an equal footing with the original States, and to prohibit slavery in certain Territories" as declares "That in all that territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of 36 degrees 30 minutes north latitude, slavery and involuntary servitude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, shall be forever prohibited," shall not be so construed as to apply to the Territory contemplated by this act, or to any other Territory of the United states; but that the citizens of the several States or Territories shall be at liberty to take and hold their slaves within any of the Territories of the United States, or of the states to be formed therefrom, as if the said act, entitled as aforesaid, and approved as aforesaid, had never been passed.
That bears a little unpacking. Essentially the amendment says that the Missouri Compromise ban on slavery is null and void not just in the future Kansas and Nebraska, but in the whole of the Louisiana purchase land from the northern border of modern Oklahoma all the way north to Canada and west to the Rockies, except for the portions of it already organized as free states. Then Dixon went one further and stretched the repeal everywhere a state government did not already exist, if a bit more ambiguously. That could leave slaveholders free to take their human property into the free soil of Oregon Territory, Washington Territory, and Minnesota Territory just as much as it permitted them to take slaves and slavery across the Missouri River.
John C. Breckinridge, then in the House but later a Vice-President, Senator, and the Lower South's choice for President in 1860, wondered why no one had thought of such a thing before. His fellow Southern Democrats realized the danger if the Whigs really could pull off this kind of proslavery triumph. What could they dot, stand against it and let the Whigs do to them what they had done to the Whigs? No one wanted to go back to sharing much of the South instead of dominating it and might, if the Whigs could press the advantage, end up all but dead in the section. The proslavery caucus made the best they could of it by flocking to support the Dixon amendment. Clerical errors would satisfy them no longer.
Leave a comment Posted in Kansas-Nebraska Act, Road to War Tagged Archibald Dixon, Compromise of 1850, David Rice Atchison, Democrats, Jefferson, John C. Breckinridge, Manifest Destiny, Missouri, Phillip Phillips, Popular Sovereignty, Seward, Slavery, Stephen Douglas, Taylor, The South, Thomas Hart Benton, Whigs
Southern Moderates go Ultra
Phillip Phillips (D-AL)
David Rice Atchison and the F Street Mess let Stephen Douglas partially off the hook. He didn't get away with selling them an empty promise, but they would pretend along with him that they repealed the Missouri Compromise and let slavery into the Nebraska territory back in 1850. That gave Missouri slaveholders an opening to rush in, throw together a quick vote to institute slavery, and steal Nebraska away from the free soil hordes threatening to encircle the state. With F Street appeased, and victory so near less than a year before on far less congenial grounds, Douglas had to imagine the bill would sail through the Senate and House and arrive safely on Franklin Pierce's desk for the expected signature. The Little Giant had the far right Senate patriarchs on his side. A few far left abolitionists could not kill the bill and most of the more moderate left wanted the railroad that it would facilitate. The North would howl a bit, but if it got over the Fugitive Slave Act then it could get over this.
But Douglas' bill irritated others. Leaving the Missouri Compromise in place, if only on a technicality, sounded too much like leaving Mexican abolition in place in the Southwest. That technical, theoretical concession could swiftly turn into a real loss as it had with California. The Democrats' Washington Sentinel, official printer for the Senate at a time when the job came with very lucrative patronage and thus went to party loyalists careful to keep with current orthodoxies, sounded the alarm on January 14. This new attack from the proslavery right came not from extremists, but more moderate Southerners less sanguine about the potential of a small group of slaveholders to filibuster and claim jump their way across the great plains. Phillip Phillips (D-AL), rose in the House to make that point and lobbied F Street for a full repeal of the Missouri Compromise.
The occupant of Henry Clay's old seat, Kentucky's Archibald Dixon, rose in the Senate on the same grounds. Far from a fire-eater, Dixon represented a species already endangered in 1854: the Southern Whig. The Texas and the Armistice had proved the Democracy far safer for slavery than Whiggery. Dixon wanted to get out ahead of the Democrats and revitalize his party while, of course, also securing his own political future. He argued that Clay's first great compromise had laid an albatross on the nation by establishing the precedent for Congress deciding on slavery in the territories. The Armistice reversed that to the Union's benefit and Dixon would go one step further and so banish slavery from the national discourse forever. The old order could come again.
In all of that, Dixon sat firmly in the tradition of nationally minded conservatives. Since the nation's founding they preferred to defer solutions to a future generation and sweep unavoidable tensions under the rug. Men from Thomas Jefferson on down to Benton, Zachary Taylor, and Douglas himself had tried much the same but each compromise only provoked the backlash it aimed to avoid. Seward claimed, rather implausibly, after the fact that he put Dixon up to it in hopes of maneuvering the Democrats into damaging proslavery extremism and so provoking a potent pro-Compromise backlash. After going in a year from accepting the compromise of a generation to demanding its previously unthinkable overthrow, they hardly needed his help.
In earlier times, a Northern Whig of Seward's stature might have gone the other way and dumped enough cold water on Dixon to save at least a scrap of the Missouri Compromise. A decade of anti-slavery politics had both alienated the two halves of Whiggery and made the Southern half too vulnerable for its Northern twin to moderate it any longer. Even if he wanted to, Seward couldn't have restrained Dixon.
Leave a comment Posted in Kansas-Nebraska Act, Road to War Tagged Archibald Dixon, Compromise of 1850, David Rice Atchison, Democrats, Jefferson, Manifest Destiny, Missouri, Phillip Phillips, Popular Sovereignty, Seward, Slavery, Stephen Douglas, Taylor, The South, Thomas Hart Benton, Whigs
Stealing Cuba, Part Two
Narciso López
James K. Polk's plan to buy Cuba failed in the face of Spanish disinterest. Narciso López's plan to steal the island away from Spain and then throw it under American protection, possibly with an eye to annexation, stalled out when Zachary Taylor got wind of it and sent the Navy to seize his ships. But López refused to call it quits in September of 1849.
Realizing that most of his six hundred man army came from the southern United States, López decamped from his previous headquarters in New York City and set up shop in New Orleans where the local fire-eaters had long dreamed of making their city the center of a Caribbean empire for slavery. On the way there, López called on John A. Quitman, who we last met planning to break the Union.
The Armistice had yet to pass when the Cuban filibuster met the Mississippi governor. As a major general, Quitman led the assault on Mexico City and later served as its military governor. With just the right skill set, which had seen recent successful application, Quitman cut the perfect figure to lead López's little army. López wanted him for the job and Quitman had at least some interest in it, but with the possible dissolution of the Union looming he didn't want to leave someone else to take Mississippi out of the United States. He did, however, help López recruit and raise funds.
In May of 1850, López finally set sail from New Orleans amid much fanfare and with a wink and a nudge from the authorities. The expedition landed in northwest Cuba, where López seized the town of Cardenas and torched the governor's mansion. López expected to spawn a popular uprising to take care of the rest. The revolutionaries stayed home and Spanish troops closed in. López and his army raced back to their ship and ingloriously fled to Key West just ahead of Spanish pursuit.
John A. Quitman
Little things like failure and the prompt collapse of his force did not get in the way of the hero's welcome the Deep South rolled out for López. Southern Senators agitated for Cuba in Washington. DeBow's Review imagined an America with dominion over all Mexico, South America, and the West Indies. Unmoved, the Taylor administration indicted López, Quitman, and their confederates for breaking the Neutrality Act.
Caught up in secession fever, Quitman wrapped himself in the flag of states' rights and told Washington he would call out the Mississippi militia to defend himself and, incidentally, Mississippi's sovereignty. But as hopes for secession petered out, Quitman resigned the governorship on February 3, 1851 to defend himself. The prosecution went after another Mississippi planter first, but after three New Orleans trials resulted in three hung juries, Washington gave up and the filibusters and their supporters celebrated.
1 Comment Posted in Road to War Tagged Cuba, Filibusters, Polk, Proslavery, Taylor, The South


As severe weather events cause prolonged power outages, consumers are starting to seek alternatives to the grid. In this interview conducted by FireceSmartGrid, Steven Collier, IEEE Smart Grid expert was asked to elaborate on the post-Sandy electric grid. Collier discusses possible alternatives to the grid and the impacts of these choices. Read more.


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With $10 Million Investment, Emagine Entertainment Converts Grocery Store in to Luxurious Movie Theatre
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by Bob Conradi
Emagine Theatre's E-max theater in Saline is capable of projecting 3D movies and has a powerful sound system with 7 times more speakers than a standard theater.
Walking through the former Farmer Jacks building in Saline, Paul Glantz mused that it's hard to believe the building used to be a grocery store. Yet, this is the third grocery store the theater chain Emagine Entertainment has turned into a theater complex.
"We have competitors say it can't be done," said Glantz, the CEO of the corporation. "I say 'Oh, watch us.'"
The conversion was not done easily or cheaply. Glantz said that it cost over $10 million.
(For movie listings, click here)
A key concept in the Emagine Theatre that differentiates it from other theaters and from most home entertainment is having a large screen in proportion to the size of the room. The workers were only able create this arrangement by cutting through the floor of the store and excavating soil to expand the rooms vertically.
Efficient removal of this much dirt required cutting a hole in the wall of the store so that trucks could drive in and out. The dramatic conversion was accomplished in only five to six months.
Everything about the new theater is the latest and best of current technology and comfort. Emagine Entertainment has spared no expense "to provide you with a compelling value proposition."
For starters, guests will sit in recliner chairs that were purchased for about $500 apiece. Since the complex has nine theaters with a total of 1014 seats, they spent about one half million just on seats.
Since the chairs recline and are comfortably wide, they require much more space than typical theater seats. Consequently, the number of seats that can be placed in each room is limited. The seating capacity in the theaters at Emagine Saline ranges from 82 to 151.
The movie projectors all use the latest digital technology. Interestingly, Emagine Entertainment was the first film company to completely switch from mechanical to digital projection, according to Glantz. This happened in 2006.
In the Saline theater, the role of projectionist has been replaced by a computer system that automatically starts the movie on schedule. A theater manager also makes rounds to make sure that everything is working as it should.
As David Zylstra, VP of Technology, explained, each theater uses Dolby surround sound with a Trinnov Ovation audio processor. In most of the theaters this includes seven speaker channels and a subwoofer. However, in theater number eight, the "E-max" theater, there are seven times more speaker channels and three subwoofers.
The Emax has a particularly large screen and will be used to show 3D movies. There are 18 four-channel amplifiers each with 4-5 thousand watts of power, so the total output is nearly 100,000 watts.
"So, we have 49 channels of sound and they can take a sound and actually pan it around the room from speaker to speaker to speaker and make you feel like something is going around you or across the ceiling," Zylstra said.
Like most theaters, you can buy popcorn and soft drinks here, but Emagine has much more. The "E-Cuisine" area provides hot food such as pizza and quesadilla. The "E-bar" provides a wide variety of adult beverages.
The food distribution was planned with cleanliness in mind.
The system "was designed specifically so that those folks that are responsible for food service are not handling money," Glantz said. "I think it's more hygienic."
The theater seats do not have attached tables, but soon Emagine will offer trays that will plug into the cup holder on the chairs. The trays can be cleaned in a dishwasher, so they are more hygienic than tables.
"I'm really very fond of cleanliness," Glantz said.
In the 1989 movie Field of Dreams, a voice told Kevin Costner, "If you build it they will come." Glantz doesn't have voices to guide him. He does do careful market analysis before investing in a new project, but nothing is certain.
"It's not for the faint of heart," Glantz said. "To be candid with you about my business, it could either be the field of dreams or the field of nightmares."
"All the money goes in upfront before you collect a dollar in revenue, so you build it and you hope they'll come."
In the Saline area, Glantz and his team found an underserved region with a reasonably long drive to the nearest theater and with good prospects for continuing population growth.
"We felt pretty comfortable that we would be able to enjoy a return on that 8-figure investment," he said.
Considering the luxuriousness of the new theater it is a surprise to some that the movie prices are comparable to other theaters. Glantz said he would rather fill the seats at a lower price than hold out for more money.
Emagine hopes to make money on the concessions which have a higher margin than ticket sales. These days, movie producers take about a 60 percent cut of ticket sales, which shrinks the theater's profits.
As Glantz pondered his career, he said that before becoming CEO of a successful business he had done a wide variety of service jobs.
"I've found that there's no such thing as bad work," he said. "There's something to be learned from every job you ever do in life."
He believes that he learned valuable lessons in all of his work that have helped him be a better CEO. It has also taught him humility.
"You know who's more important than me [the CEO] in the operation of this business?" he asked. "It's our janitorial staff.
"I hold every one of my colleagues in high esteem. Everyone is important."
The fascade of Emagine Theatre is ready and inviting.
A gas feature in the theater lobby provides interest.
Previews are displayed on a unique screen in the lobby.
The theater provides hot food as well as popcorn and the usual theater fare.
Paul Glantz points out features in one of the theaters.
Cushy reclining chairs, which cost the theater about $500 apiece, make for a luxurious experience.
Hunter, an MLive photographer, tries out one of the recliners in a darkened theater as Glantz talks about the emphasis on comfort.
The projection booth rises above the rear seats.
Paul Glatz stands by the food checkout area.
One of the theaters.
Paul Glantz enjoys one of the recliner chairs.
David Zylstra talks about movie technology.
Zylstra (left) and Glantz discuss the audio equipment.
The Emax theater has capablility of projecting 3D movies and has a pwerful sound system with 7x more speakers than a standard theater.
The E-max theater is number 8.
Glantz peers upward by one of the exits.
David Zylstra looks over a bank of amplifiers in the Emax projection room.
Carmel corn, cheese corn and regular buttered popcorn are all available.
The bar serves a variety of adult beverages.
Paul Glantz and a worker check that the hot foods part of the E-Quisine food bar is ready for the opening.
Ticket sales kiosks
Emagine Entertainment
Saline Emagine
Paul Glantz
Bob Conradi Is a retired pharmaceutical scientist who has redefined himself as a photographer and journalist. He has lived in Michigan for 36 years and in the Saline area for 10. He enjoys researching and learning about new ideas. Reach him at [email protected] Follow him on Twitter at @RobertConradi.
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We are an independent car hire and van hire company located in the centre of Cambridge.
Established over seventeen years ago we pride ourselves on our high levels of customer service. We offer a friendly, efficient service, very competitive prices with no hidden charges or surprises.
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As we are an independent car and van hire business, we purchase our hire vehicles from a wide range of manufacturers, so are able to offer low prices that compete with the national brand car and van hire companies. We are not a broker.
Whatever journey you have planned, we can advise on the most appropriate vehicle to hire; from family day trips to visiting local attractions to a gap car rental while waiting for your new car to arrive.
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Cambridge is a city, located in Cambridgeshire, on the river Cam in the east of England. Cambridge is famed for its university, founded in 1209. Cambridge lies at the heart of the high tech "Silicon Fen", where many startup, software and bioscience companies are based.
The main road links into Cambridge are the A14 and M11. Cambridge has a railway station and airport, so is also accessible by train or plane.
The city centre is best explored on foot or by bicycle, but if you want to visit its surrounding attractions, it is best to hire a car from our Cambridge city centre base.
Cambridge is surrounded by rolling countryside, with some tranquil waterways if you like walking. There are many stately homes to visit, such as Anglesey Abbey Gardens and Lode Mill, Wimpole Estate, Ickworth House and Peckover House. Cambridge has a wealth of museums and galleries to visit and it is also worth taking a drive out to visit surrounding towns such as Huntingdon, St Neots and Ely along with its impressive Cathedral. Duxford Historic Airfield and Museum, lies to the south of Cambridge and is open every day to the public. There are permanent exhibitions, including the Battle of Britain Exhibition, where you can see and learn about the history of British aviation.
We are located within EMG Motor Group (Kia and Mazda Dealership).


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PPolitics
Occupy Tampa to march on Obama office to protest National Defense Authorization Act
byFlorida Independent
Occupy Tampa protesters plan to march to Obama's Ybor City campaign office today to protest the president's decision to support the National Defense Authorization Act, a bill that authorizes the indefinite detention of terrorist suspects — including American citizens — without trial.
In a statement given to Obama's office yesterday, Occupy Tampa protesters wrote:
In your newly stated support for the provisions that allow for the indefinite detainment of American citizens, the 2012 National Defense Authorization Act, you have betrayed the trust of those who have put you into office and the trust of the citizens that your office was created to serve.
If you fail to veto this bill in its entirety due to these provisions, you can expect members of occupations all over the country to dedicate ourselves to act against your political interests in the 2012 election and beyond.
This bill threatens the first amendment.
This bill explicitly violates Art. III, Sec. 3 of the constitution which states, "No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court". The removal of the rights of citizenship without due process of law allows for the destruction of the rights and liberties that we, the citizens, have, for generations, fought and bled for.
This bill violates the Fourth amendment, and the founding principles of due process that stands as the basis for justice in our country.
This bill further eliminates the protections guaranteed by the Fifth Amendment right to make use of due process of law.
This bill violates the Sixth amendment of the Constitution, as it denies citizens to the basic protection of a guaranteed trial by jury.
For the first time in legislative history the government of the United States has, through legislative fiat, designated the entire planet upon which we live a war zone and every citizen a potential enemy of the state.
This bill goes against everything that you have said previously, everything you have purported to stand for, and what has distinguished this nation as the founder of the free world.
We expect you to veto this assault on the American way of life.
The NDAA has drawn fierce criticism from civil liberties advocates. The executive director of Human Rights Watch said that by deciding to support the bill, Obama "will go down in history as the president who enshrined indefinite detention without trial in US law." An ACLU representative said that "if President Obama signs this bill, it will damage both his legacy and American's reputation for upholding the rule of law."
Florida Independent
Scott approves funding for breast and cervical cancer detection program
Rep. Rivera faces even more ethical troubles
Florida unemployment rate remains among the highest in the U.S.
A Research Institute on Social and Economic Policy at Florida International University (aka RISEP) report released on Friday says that in Florida, for every person that found a job in 2010, another 25 were still waiting to get back to work.
South Beach prepares for possible 'Occupy Art Basel' demonstration
The Miami New Times is reporting that the art community is already discussing possible demonstrations in solidarity with the Occupy Wall Street protests taking place during Art Basel — one of the biggest art shows in the world, set to take place in Miami this week.
Minnesota DWI Lawyer – Leverson Budke
© Copyright 2021 Florida Independent. All rights reserved.


Hello i have installed a events+ plugin in my site.. but is in english.. i have test translate in italian language but don't work.. :slight_frown: how i can localize plugin or theme in my language?
I added the plugin and I must say it is fantastic .. I translated the string event for% s that should be the one in the frontend .. but even though I created. mo continues to be in English .. : (If you need to do data access and controls you ..
Could you please tell me what you've set as your language in your wp-config.php file? What is WPLANG set to?
And where did the plugin put the .mo files? It's great at translating, but sometimes it just adds the translation files to the wrong folder.
Try renaming the files to eab-it_IT and don't forget to do the same for the generated .mo file!
Could you please explain in more detail what is happening?
I noticed that in one of the files (the one that creates the single event page) and as the translation domain is set to a variable .. Now I was wondering: "changing the value of this variable, making it the name that the plugin (the translation) instead of eab the whole thing works?"
if I change "Eab_EventsHub :: TEXT_DOMAIN" with the name of the plugin translation everything works? ..
That's an issue with the codestyling-localization plugin. If you need to translate it more, then you will have to have 2 files: 1 for translating with codestyling and the other one to actually do the translations on WP.
SO simply copy-paste it with the name it previously had to continue translating it and once you finish update the eab-it_IT file.
if I change "Eab_EventsHub :: TEXT_DOMAIN" with the name of the plugin translation everything works?
You don't need to change it, it will automatically take the translated values, but changing it to 'eab' should also work without any issues.


text:
AFIMSC announces topics for I-WEPTAC 2020
The topics have been selected and the chairpersons will be on board this month. What remains is determining who will fill the ranks of the four Mission Area Working Groups charged with tackling some of the Air Force's biggest Agile Combat Support challenges at the 4th Annual Installation and Mission Support Weapons and Tactics Conference in April 2020.
Air Force Employee Assistance Program: New phone number, new website goes live Nov. 10
The Air Force Employee Assistance Program will relaunch at 12:01 a.m. Nov. 10 with a new phone number and new website.
Air Force tests plasma reactor to degrade, destroy PFOS, PFOA
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE BASE, Ohio – Civilian researchers completed a two-week field demonstration here using an innovative plasma technology to degrade and destroy perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid, known as PFOS and PFOA, in groundwater.This was the first field demonstration of the Enhanced Contact Plasma Reactor, conducted
AFMC civilian Airmen excel in CDE Academic Year 2020 application cycle
More than 735 Air Force Materiel Command Civilian Airmen were selected for Academic Year 2020 Civilian Developmental Education opportunities, filling nearly 49% of the Air Force program allocations for the academic year.
Barrett publicly sworn in as secretary of the Air Force
David Norquist, deputy secretary of defense, conducted the public swearing-in, which preceded Barrett's first formal remarks since becoming the secretary. Barrett said her highest priority is protecting – and prolonging – the Air Force's unrivaled excellence.


Total loss of engine power and steering control and braking while at highway speed was caused by fuel control module shorted out and ECM-B fuse blown. Fortunately, my wife was able to steer the vehicle off the highway safely, but she and two passengers were terrified.
Strong fuel smell detected, fuel injector and regulator leaking large amount of fuel on top of engine.


Your website is you. It tells who you are, what you can do for your clients, what you have done and why you should be the person chosen for the kind of projects you are looking for. An outstanding website can do all that but it must be carefully put together with an eye to careful content and strategic marketing strategies.
Contact page, with the various ways to reach you, including email, physical address and social media account links.
There are other pages as well that you could add depending on whether you actually have content to fill them with, such as events/calendar page or a press page.
Know your target audience and write to that audience. If you are a content writer who strictly works for small businesses, your content will sound different than if you are trying to find a publisher for that amazing book you wrote.
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Vary the content on your site. While the written word is critical to an author's website, video, audio, high quality impressive images, a recent professional photo of yourself and even infographics can make a website much stickier. Having a sticky website is exactly what you want, because the longer someone stays on your page, the better the chances they will make the call to action that you have included in the content.
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You are your own best promotions manager. Promote your website in any print marketing or online marketing you do. A link should be included anywhere your name appears, such as on social media profiles, press releases, blog comments, reviews and even your email signature. When online conversations are started with you, maintain them. This is the beginning of a relationship that may very well turn into a lead.
As with most things, there are some specific things you simply must not do on your author website. In order to have a successful website avoid these pitfalls.
Don't neglect to ensure your site loads correctly on all the major Internet browsers: Chrome, Firefox and Internet Explorer.
Don't make navigation of the site unnecessarily complicated.
Don't use music or Flash intros that make page loading lengthy.
Don't have broken links on your site.
Don't neglect the call to action. The purpose of your website is to convert a portion of visitors into actual customers, and the call to action is how it is done.
Easily the most valuable marketing tool today, your author website should be strategically created and closely monitored to make sure it does exactly what you want it to do.
Hannah Bloom is an author at LeraBlog and a technical analyst and wireless Internet writer for Zing! Broadband.


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Look up orlando florida universal studios in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
orlando florida universal studios"Historically, reducing emissions has simply meant financial penalties for industry – which creates conflict between government and business. But British Glass firmly believed that sectors which took advantage of this opportunity to influence government strategy stood to reduce costs, develop resilience on energy pricing and gain a competitive edge over businesses that didn't become green economy leaders. The black-tie awards ceremony was held on 15 June at the Royal Armouries in Leeds, at the centre of the country's great east-west glass manufacturing corridor – where nine out of ten of the UK's largest glass manufacturers have production sites.
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This universal orlando rides page lists articles associated with the title Seo.
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text:
Xeogaming Forums - Anime Lounge - Naruto
[quote=Fennicy][quote=Rainbow in the Dark]What's annoying currently with the anime is that they manage to do an episode with half a chapter, which makes it SLOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOW.[/quote] Yeah very true, but the anime is still ahead of the manga so far. At least I think so. And they're showing two episodes of Naruto at a time so that's almost like a full chapter every two episodes. Something like that, but I do agree with you that it seems like a really really slow pace.[/quote]
Posts: 10761/11747 I am finally taking the plunge into Shippuuden. Hope it's worth it.
Shuyin
Posts: 1850/1858 Double post~
Is anyone up to date? There was a big plot twist in the last chapter.
Kabuto summoned Uchiha Madara which means "Tobi" isn't who he says he is.
8 tails!!!!! woooo! I know Misato will snap him out of it. But I want to see some 9 tails craziness.
Kard Ayals
Posts: 2283/2915 I honestly think he'll snap out of it by himself. Or the whole thing was really pointless (training to surpass tons of people and then let the fox take over? I don't think so)
Well....I saw this coming a mile away. Not the 6 tails per se, but Hinata jumping in and getting wrecked, setting off Naruto. I wonder how they're going to contain him? Sasuke to the rescue?
Being the fangirl I am, Hinata's confession was a major plus for me. But holy crap, if Hinata dies I'll be sad and happy at the same time. Happy because that means Naruto took the step that no other Shounen names do and killed a main female well loved character.
Holy crap six tailed fox. Crap.
So now Jiraya, Asuma, Kakashi(?), The third, Orochimaru, Itatachi, Pretty much every Akatsuki except for four, Shizune, Chiyo.
Posts: 1780/1858 aaaaaah spoilers!
I don't think he is. I think this is just a ruse. I've been saying he's going to die soon...but....that was really lame.
I love when Naruto comes out of the hyberbolic time chamber and goes super saiyan. Wait...I mean.....
Posts: 1062/1329 Double post.
I think it's pretty much conformed Kakashi is dead.
Posts: 1059/1329 Well, I guess there is Hawk too. I mean Sasuke and his group wants to destroy Konoha now, don't they?
Posts: 1775/1858 Naruto mirrors DBZ more and more.......and I'm loving it.
SSJ Naruto ftw.
I didn't expect this battle to happen so soon. I fear the series' end is nearing. I mean after this...there's Madara and that's it. Eh?
Posts: 1768/1858 I still follow it because it's still a true Shonen. I haven't found any good shonen lately. I'm sure it's safe to say Naruto is the new Dragonball Z. And just like DBZ, Naruto Shippuden is much better than the original Naruto. Or should I say more dynamic?
BennyMD4123
Posts: 67/77 I prefer to stay away from Naruto.
I think I stopped after...
Hm...
I don't remember XD
A while back.
Posts: 1765/1858 I should start my own psychic network.
I don't think he's dead. I mean, if Iruka died from a nail okay....he deserves it. But there is no way Kakashi is going out like that. I smell some Sharingan shenanigans. Like on page 13.....
Posts: 1034/1329 So, apparently Kakashi is dead now. Good call Shuyin.
Cyro Xero
Originally posted by Kyoku kun
It makes me happy !
Posts: 1019/1329 Naruto is one of those animes you'd never guess ANYONE dies, (Like Bleach...etc). But one after another people start to die.
Posts: 1750/1858 I'm thinking Kakashi is going to kick the bucket soon, if not eventually. The Manga is progressing nicely. I can't predict where it's going right now.
Posts: 1511/1778 I don't think any of the main characters will die. If anything, Naruto might kill of a few "realms" of Pain, and I'm willing to bet that we'll find out Pain's true identity in the next 5 chapters.
Posts: 1748/1858 Wow. The manga has gotten good all of a sudden. In fact, I'd say this is the best its been in the whole shippuden series. Someone's going to die soon.....I can feel it.
Posts: 808/1329
Soo, Itachi's dead now.. We're halfway through the Akatsuki members!


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How to take care of yourself after a cosmetic surgery?
After undergoing a cosmetic surgery you are half way to enhance your appearance. Knowing how to take care of yourself during this time is extremely important to achieve the results you have always dreamed of.
Your surgeon will give you detailed instructions about the immediate care you should follow, with a schedule and a prescription, you´ll have to take pills and antibiotics to reduce the pain and swelling.
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Regardless of the extent of the procedure, the first 24 hours after a surgery are key for a good recovery.
During this period, complications or bleeding could happen. No matter if your procedure requires you to spend the night in the hospital or if it was an outpatient procedure, you should communicate with medical staff and inform him/her about any problem you may have.
Also, it is important to have the support of a family member or friend that could assist you in getting dressed, feeding yourself, and taking over some other personal needs during the first few days.
When you go home, it is important that you follow the instructions that the nurse gave you for taking care of the wounds.
Depending on the cosmetic procedure, the level of care and instructions may vary. It involves how you should wash the wound, the best outfits, garmets or protection you should use, as well as the physical activities you can or cannot do. You should also pay attention to what you eat, avoid alcohol and smoking.
In order to have an optimal healing process, you should avoid sun exposure, clean your wounds thoroughly, use if necessary, a compression girdle or garment, and follow the instructions of your surgeon.
The most important post-surgical care is your follow up appointments with your surgeon.
Your surgeon will tell you the frequency of your appointments, but you must pay special attention to them.
With your follow-up appointments, you will make sure that everything goes right or, if necessary, you will identify the corrective steps necessary to achieve a total recovery with perfect results.


Techspray specializes in cleaners, coatings, and other chemicals and tools that improve efficiency, safety, and performance. Techspray is one of the world's largest producers of chemical cleaners and anti-static solutions. Techspray identifies electronic chemical needs, often by working with original equipment manufacturers, then formulates, blends, and packages more than 600 products. Their products are used primary for protection, cleaning, coating, anti-static protection, and lubricating during production, quality control, and field service operations.
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text:
Analogue: A Hate Story
Analogue: A Hate Story creator announces Ladykiller in a Bind
By Phil Savage 2014-01-03T12:15:51.2Z
It's a good thing the internet doesn't have a word limit, because Analogue: A Hate Story creator Christine Love has announced My Twin Brother Made Me Crossdress As Him And Now I Have To Deal With A Geeky Stalker And A Domme Beauty Who Want Me In A Bind!! Or, to give it its much-needed abridged title, Ladykiller in a Bind. Described as an "erotic visual novel about social manipulation and girls tying up other girls", the game will explore relationships in a way that highlights the importance of (kinky) sex.
Speaking to Polygon , Love expressed a desire for a more honest treatment of dating sim mechanics. "Really, dating sims are inherently about manipulating other people — pick the right dialogue choices based off what you think they expect, learn about their interests so you can give them perfectly tuned gifts, make decisions based off whether you'll impress them or not — but like to pass it off as being about romance.
"Well, fuck that. You can still do that in Ladykiller in a Bind; we're just not going to pretend that it's anything other than manipulation. It'll have consequences."
Exposing the tropes and playing with the consequences of dating sims is a topic that was explored through multiple avenues during last year's Pulse Pounding Heart Stopping Dating Sim Jam; which also led to Love's Twine game Magical Maiden Madison .
As well as Analogue: A Hate Story , and its sequel Hate Plus , Love also made the freely available Digital: A Love Story and don't take it personally babe, it just ain't your story - both of which appeared on our round-up of the 50 best free PC games .
MTBMMCAHANIHTDWAGSAADBWWMIAB will be released in 2015.
Phil Savage
Phil has been PC gaming since the '90s, when RPGs had dice rolls and open world adventures were weird and French. Now he's the deputy editor of PC Gamer; commissioning features, filling magazine pages, and knowing where the apostrophe goes in '90s. He plays Scout in TF2, and isn't even ashamed.
Christine Love
Hate Plus
Ladykiller In A Bind
Love Conquers All Games


The digital generation are entering the workplace. In this TV show, futurist Graeme Codrington considers their impact.
In every industry in the world technology, the power of technology and this new generation of young people who use the technology in such different ways are gonna come into these industries and blow these industries apart. I really do believe that we're only just at the beginning of realising what this digital age will mean for us, and that's everything from the automotive industry to the pharmaceuticals from supply chains and logistics, to manufacturing to financial services and everything else in between. And so industries need at look at where technology is going to take them in the next few years.
Connected Economy TV will continue to discuss the digital generation. We have more opinions from Graeme Codrington.
Another point of view or another perspective is to say, well what if we didn't only make information available at certain points within the workflow? What if we simply made it available in a sort of repository so that those people within the organisation, regardless of where they come from who need that information can simply go and fetch it from me, in the same way that you might say that pigs would go and feed around the trough all at the same time. One of the key concepts of the pigs around the trough idea is that it can't really happen effectively in a paper based process, simply because paper by its very nature is sequential. You've got to work on it and you've got to hand it over to the next person or the next activity before something and before it can be processed or an event can happen around it. It's only when you start automating that process, making the information available electronically or in a digital fashion that various parts of the organisation, various resources, various people/individuals can come around at the same time and access that information as and when they need it, thereby making the whole way of performing the activity or carrying out the transaction that much more effective. Browse more videos on Connected Economy TV for further discussion of new concepts emerging from the digital economy.
Data strategy is an increasingly hot discussion topic. In this TV show Keith Hodlt gives his view on the evolution of data.
The data that's out there is growing by the day and I think everybody's very aware of that and accepts the fact that there is a data and there is an information explosion that's happening. If you think now, I think what, in the future, the competitive business will be or businesses will be those that are able to exploit the data that's available the best, not those that have the data. Well in the past I think businesses and organisations looked largely internally at the data or at external structured data sources in terms of understanding how the markets were changing and what was going on and how they should evolve and adapt and so on, whereas now I think that 80% of data is outside the organisation. And it's exactly in sources and pools like Twitter and Facebook and all of these unstructured areas that this is happening. And in Google's book 'Winning the Zero Moments of Truth' they talk about the whole idea of people doing more and more research and looking more and more at what other people are saying about products and services before they buy them than ever before. And when I talk about organisations needing to use, external data, we're needing to look beyond the box or beyond themselves to what's out there and how best to use it. That's the sort of thing I'm talking about. I'm talking about learning and adapting to how they can actually bring that to bear when they make their own corporate decisions, when they understand more about their customers, when they understand more about how they should be evolving to be able to deal with the market challenges and how the markets evolve and how they need to fit within that. Connected Economy TV will continue to share insights and opinions on data strategy.
Social media usage has become a normal part of life and businesses should be using it as a way to understand customers. In this TV Don Pepper explains why ignoring the conversation is 1950s thinking.
Today, if you don't pay attention to your customer engagement, then what that means is you're not paying attention to the conversation. You're not paying attention to what your customers are saying about you, to each other. You're not engaged in that yourself. You're not paying attention to the level of attractiveness that your brand--. I mean what kind of brand manager would not want to know how engaged his customers are. I don't know, a brand manager in the 1950s maybe, I don't know. You're not in Kansas now. This is reality. Facebook and MySpace and YouTube and Flickr and LinkedIn and Orkut and all of the other kinds of social media sites. It's different. It's different now.
If you enjoyed this video about social media usage, please browse more shows on Connected Economy TV.
Businesses now use more connected marketing. In this TV show Louis Gray explains how to drive you social marketing strategy with a great blog.
If you're going to look at a blog, and you have to make frequent updates, you want to have to really know your product, and know your market and know your industry and care about it. If something looks forced, it is forced. And people aren't going to want to engange with something that looks like you did it just because you were told to. In order to have a successful blog that gets engagement from readers and potential customers, you need to really know your industry and study it. And have an energy to engage. And to have unique articles that can come out with the level of frequency that people will be return visitors, and find out that you're participating. There are a number of companies who have embraced blogging. Two of them, and specific example, include Sun Microsystems and Cisco. Both of those companies have managed to take what's typically a very large enterprise, and turn that into a social experience for you have communities. Each one of those companies encourages its employees to participate, and speak on behalf of the company, with limits. You don't want to disparage the company. You want to speak about its products and its customers in a good light. And not to violate any kind of confidentiality and secrets you may have with partners or the company itself. It's been fantastic to see these companies that are traditionally closed, open up and really start to engage the rest of the blogosphere. Companies that operate blogs, typically you want to see an update no less than once a week. The truth is, if you don't have enough content of unique nature to publish more than once a week, maybe you shouldn't be blogging. There's some people who also publish much more frequently than that. Upwards of multiple times a day. That depends on the topic, the subject matter, and what the individual knows about that space, where they can deliver unique content with value frequently. Connected Economy TV will continue to follow ideas around connected marketing. Look out for more shows from Louis Gray.
The digital economy affects traditional companies differently to how it affects new ventures. Sara Daw explains the FD's role in helping businesses succeed in the digital world.
The digital economy for me has two elements to it. I think there are those new businesses right now who are new ventures, emerging technologies and they are trying to do business in the new economy with that at the centre of their business model. So those businesses are basically fighting for funding because they've all got new ideas that are going to go to market. So there's one element there is which are the ones that are going to succeed and which ones do you back. There's also really understanding what business models they're going to operate. And I think that's the key thing that an FD can bring, the funding and understanding the business model and getting that working for those new businesses. Then on the other side there's traditional businesses that have never operated in the digital economy before. Yet they know those businesses have to embrace it in some way. And those businesses also have to develop a business model if you like for the digital economy. And they have to fund it. But I don't see that as their main issue. What I see as their main issue is winning the hearts and minds of the people in the business to make the change. And therefore that's the FD's role in some respects in working with the entrepreneur in understanding the business case to put that forward to people so that they do feel that it is worth them changing and embracing that economy. If you are interested in discussion about the digital economy, please browse more videos on Connected Economy TV.


In Serbia, from July 1 this year, those who work in rural tourism will pay tax on the income which they generate from the provision of hospitality services in local households, the Blic daily has learned today.
The taxpayers will be those who are engaged in rural tourism in local households such as farms, ethno villages and similar tourist facilities, and income from hospitality services will be the income that a natural person generates by providing hospitality services in these facilities.
As announced on the Blic daily portal, the tax on income from rural tourism was introduced by the amendments to the law on the income tax that was recently adopted.
Those who provide hospitality services in local households should submit a tax return to the authorised tax authority from May 1 to June 30 this year.
The Blic daily has learned that the income from rural tourism is subject to taxation through the annual income tax, and more precise conditions for taxation of this income will be regulated by the ministers in charge of finance and tourism of Serbia.
The plan is to charge income tax annually, it will be paid quarterly, and the submissions will be made by taxpayers.
Income tax on rural tourism will amount to five percent of the average monthly salary per employee in the previous year, multiplied by the number of individual beds or camp sites and by the corresponding coefficient according to the category of the tourist place.
Rural tourist households located in tourist areas that are not categorized will pay tax between RSD 2,000 and 2,500 per bed a year.
In Serbia, there are more than 1,000 registered rural households engaged in tourism, and many are visited by more than 1,500 people a year.


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text:
Q: Many to one relationship sql? I am a new user of MySQL and want to know how to create a realtionship between nurses and patients. There are 2 Nurses who take care of 6 patients how do i do that.
Table:
Nurses (id,name,lastname);
insert into Nurses (1,X,X);
insert into Nurses (2,X,X);

Patients (id,name,lastname);
insert into Patients (1,x,x);
insert into Patients (2,x,x);
insert into Patients (3,x,x);
insert into Patients (4,x,x);
insert into Patients (5,x,x);
insert into Patients (6,x,x);

How to create a realtion between these two? Thank you.

A: I would recommend a junction table:
create table PatientNurses (
    PatientNurseId int auto_increment primary key,
    PatientId int,
    NurseId int
);

This does not enforce the two nurses per patient condition.  For that, you can use a trigger or application level logic.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
New findings shed light on complexities of emerging zoonotic malaria
by Amirah Al Idrus |
Jun 1, 2015 9:18am
Zoonotic malaria has been shown to be caused by two genetically distinct Plasmodium knowlesi parasite subpopulations associated with different monkey host species in Malaysia, according to new research published in PLOS Pathogens. The authors believe this could have important implications for how the parasite adapts and spreads in humans.
Plasmodium knowlesi is a zoonotic malaria parasite which is common in forest-dwelling macaques. In recent years, increasing numbers of cases of knowlesi malaria have been reported in humans. The disease is now the most common form of human malaria in many areas of Malaysia, and has been reported across south-east Asia.
The new study, led by researchers at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and University of Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), used sensitive genotyping methods to analyse samples of 599 P. knowlesi infections (552 in humans and 47 in wild macaques) at 10 sites in Malaysia. They identified two genetically divergent subpopulations of P. knowlesi in human cases, each associated predominantly with a different species of reservoir host - long-tailed macaques and pig-tailed macaques respectively.
Senior author, David Conway, Professor of Biology at the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, said: "We were very surprised to find that knowlesi malaria is really two separate zoonoses going on at the same time. There is a lot of genetic diversity within each of the parasite types, but the high level of divergence between them indicates they are probably different sub-species being transmitted separately, within the same areas.
"In most places we surveyed, both parasite types coexist and infect people. If zoonotic transmission continues to be common, it becomes more likely that the two types may hybridise genetically, leading to new possibilities for parasite adaptation to humans or additional mosquito vectors. However, as parasite mating occurs within the mosquito, hybridisation would depend on whether the same vector species is sometimes infected by both types, which needs investigation."
Study lead author, Paul Divis, from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine and UNIMAS, said: "Hybridisation between species or sub-species has been seen in other parasites that are associated with the emergence of novel pathogenicity. Therefore, the transmission of two types of P. knowlesi in humans might increase the opportunity for evolution of virulence or enhanced transmission."
Although the conclusions from the data were highly significant, the authors note that further work is needed to understand the divergence between the parasite subpopulations more precisely by analysis of whole genome sequences, and by studying parasites from more locations in different parts of south-east Asia.
The study was funded by the Medical Research Council, UK and UNIMAS.
For more information please contact the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine press office: [email protected] or +44(0)2079272802
Paul C.S. Divis, Balbir Singh, Fread Anderios, Shamilah Hisam, Asmad Matusop, Clemens H. Kocken, Samuel A. Assefa, Craig W. Duffy, David J. Conway (2015) Admixture in humans of two divergent Plasmodium knowlesi populations associated with different macaque host species. PLOS Pathogens DOI: ppat.1004888
Once published the article will be available at the following link: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1004888
About the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
The London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine is a world-leading centre for research and postgraduate education in public and global health, with 3,900 students and more than 1,000 staff working in over 100 countries. The School is one of the highest-rated research institutions in the UK, and among the world's leading schools in public and global health. Our mission is to improve health and health equity in the UK and worldwide; working in partnership to achieve excellence in public and global health research, education and translation of knowledge into policy and practice. http://www.lshtm.ac.uk
Amirah Al Idrus


text:
Lily Ann Granderson, nascuda esclava a Virgínia el 1816, va ser una educadora pionera.

L'àvia de Lily Ann era una dona lliure d'origen natiu americà. No obstant això, després de la mort de la seva àvia, la mare d'Ann de va ser venuda com esclava quan tenia tres anys. Més tard, quan Lily Ann ja havia nascut, va ser traslladada a Kentucky i va treballar com a esclava domèstica per la seva pell clara. Poc se sap del pare de Lily Ann, només que era un home blanc d'una de les primeres famílies de Virgínia (FFV). Lily Ann i l'amo que l'havia comprat estaven molt units. Els nens del mestre fins i tot van ensenyar Lily Ann com per llegir i escriure, un mètode comú utilitzat entre els esclaus per aprendre a escriure.

La tragèdia va colpejar a Lily Ann quan el seu amo va morir i ella fou embarcada al riu Mississipí per ser venuda a un altre amo esclavista. Treballant a les plantacions dels camps càlids de Mississipí, Lily Ann ho passava malament perquè no estava acostumada a aquest tipus de feina. Per això va suplicar a l'amo esclavista que li encarregués alguna altra tasca menys perjudicial per la seva salut. Després de demanar-ho insistentment, el mestre d'esclaus va permetre a Lily Ann que treballés a la cuina a casa seva. El domicili de l'amo esclavista no estava ubicada directament a la plantació, sinó a la ciutat. Cada dia Lily Ann havia d'anar fins a la ciutat, però aquesta feina era millor que la de treballar tot el dia de sol a sol.

Anar a la ciutat va permetre Lily Ann començar la seva pròpia escola. Tanmateix, educar els esclaus anava contra les lleis de Mississipí per por als rebels i fugitius. Per aconseguir impulsar el projecte, feia classes a la nit i els nens esclavitzats s'havien d'escapar per assistir-hi. Es va limitar la classe a dotze nens alhora. Quan els nens ja sabien llegir i escriure es graduaven i ja podien entrar-hi dotze nens més. Lily Ann va portar aquesta petita escola durant uns set anys sense ser descoberta. Malauradament, al final es va descobrir, però les accions de Lily Ann no foren penalitzades. Encara hi havia una llei contra l'educació dels esclaus, però no l'afectava, ja que la llei impedia que els blancs i els esclaus lliures eduquessin altres esclaus, però no deia res dels esclaus que educaven altres esclaus. aquesta clàusula va permetre a Lily Ann a obrir una nova escola de tardes, que es va sumar a la que ja tenia de nits. Gràcies als seus esforços centenars d'estudiants van aprendre i utilitzar la seva alfabetització per adquirir la llibertat.

Més tard Lily Ann es va casar i va tenir dos nens. L'últim que se sap de Lily Ann és que va ser una de les primeres persones de pell negra en obrir un compte al Banc Freedman quan tenia 54 anys.

Referències

Esclaus als Estats Units
Persones de Virgínia
Mestres d'educació primària americans

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Vancity Noms: I Cafe - HK Cafe!
Ah, HK Cafes. A perennial favourite of mine. Sure, the sassy aunties who take your order can be pretty intimidating...but I try to not look them in the eye (it helps.) The nicer ones call me "Leng Lui" but most of them just glare at me when I try to speak to them in broken Cantonese.
Intimating aunties aside, HK Cafes are one of my favourite places to grab a quick meal! Misunderstood by many, a HK Cafe is so much more than a mishmash of chinese and western dishes, it has a culture of it's own!
Anyways, my mom and I went to I Cafe for lunch the other day, and we were shocked by how packed it was! I guess I underestimated the popularity of I Cafe because we actually had to wait in line!
One of the nicest HK Cafes I've been to! High ceilings and lots of natural lighting!
My mom had this dish to herself, and she gobbled it all up!! The seasoning was fairly straightforward: salt, pepper and some garlic! The pork chops themselves were okay, they were a bit dry and chewy having been fried. This was a pretty generous portion!
As recommended by LotusRapper on Chowtimes, I decided to go for their curry pork chop!! This was a very generous serving, this came with 2 humongous pork chops stacked on top of each other! The coconut milk flavour was noticeable, but hardly impactful. It wasn't spicy (like most HK style curries.) The pork chop on the other hand, was juicy and really tender!
"As recommended by LotusRapper on Chowtimes, I decided to go for their curry pork chop!!"
Another good spot for "Chinese curry" is Hoy's Wonton House on Kingsway. Order their curry beef brisket (has potatoes). Comes in a bowl that I wish was bigger, along with a generous plate of plain rice. Very good curry flavour profile, and the sauce just totaly "sends" the rice down my piehole. $7.50 ..... good value.
Make sure it's the briskets you order (comes in its own bowl), and not the curry beef (ie: sliced beef) on rice.