The story goes that in the early days of jet-powered air travel, pilots battling disrupted sleep patterns turned to the watch industry and asked for a wristwatch that could display the time in two different zones simultaneously. The thinking being that at some deep, barely accessible psychological level, at least knowing the time both locally and at home would help them overcome what the fashionable set began calling jet-lag, leaving them to get some sleep.
How true that actually is we may never fully know, but certainly the advent of commercial airliners and quick-flash international travel provided watchmakers with an opportunity. A new generation of businessmen, explorers and playboys needed state-of-the-art, modish timekeepers to accompany them on their adventures. And they got them.
Rolex is famed as laying down the marker with its GMT-Master (the one with the blue and red 'Pepsi' bezel), although history records Glycine preceded it – just rather less memorably. The basic principle applied was a second central hand pointing to a 24-hour scale running around the bezel, or sometimes the dial, that showed home time, while the conventional hour and minute hands were adjusted to local time.
In the 60-plus years since the days of those first red-eyed pilots, there have been too many watches to count carrying the GMT, UTC, dual time or second time zone nomenclature. They've become pillars of watch collections, recognised as useful travel companions, whether your frequent flier miles are accrued on business or in pursuit of the world's many riches. Here's a snapshot of today's most stylish examples.
No list of dual time watches would be complete without the latest addition to the Rolex legend that is the GMT-Master, the watch that in the 1950s became the official watch of Pan American Airways. Launched at Basel this year, it has a blue and red Cerachrom (Rolex's ceramic) bezel, Rolex's bullet-proof automatic Calibre 3285 and the company's Jubilee bracelet, which is enjoying a style renaissance at the moment. The black and brown-bezelled Oystersteel and Everose gold model is a peach, too.
The easy 1858 is the natural home among Montblanc's collection for a watch with a second time zone. The function is shown by a 12-hour central hour hand, backed up by a day/night indicator at 12 o'clock that should help you avoid those embarrassing middle-of-the-night calls home. Aesthetically, the combination of vintage beige dial elements, a cognac leather strap and that attention-grabbing bronze crown and bezel give the watch its casual man-of-the-world feel.
You'd have a job on your hands to single out British brand Bremont's hardiest watch, but the trinity of models tested on Martin-Baker ejector seats (whence the name) would certainly be right up there. The third of the three carries a GMT function, indicated by a red-tipped arrow hand that points to a 24-hour scale running around an inner bezel. Should you need them, the watch also comes with guarantees of resistance to water (100 metres), shock, vibration, temperature extremes and even salt-fog.
First thoughts on considering Bell & Ross turn to aviation and to the Franco-Swiss company's line of BR01 and BR03 instrument watches – the square-cased ones. Less abrupt is the brand's Vintage collection of round-case designs, where you'll find this cosy looking number. Sitting alongside its GMT function is a flyback chronograph that can be reset and restarted once running with a single jab of the vintage-inspired pusher at 4 o'clock.


At Vicpark Chinese BBQ we are bringing Hong Kong-style barbecue to the people of Perth, serving up delicious roasted meats and other specialities that will have you coming back for more and more. Our duck dishes are a must try, while other mouthwatering options on our menu include old favourites like peking pork ribs, satay chicken, black bean beef and plenty of options for vegetarians, too.
Located on Albany Highway in East Victoria Park, just across from the Park Centre, our restaurant is the perfect place for a relaxed group meal or family dinner. We are open for both lunch and dinner (every day except Wednesdays), so for a Chinese dining experience like no other in Perth, book a table and pop in and see us soon.


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Claire, Berwyn, Pennsylvania
Sports Storytelling
Sports Storytelling is a new course. The following account is from a student who took the Writing the Big City course.
Why did you come to The School of The New York Times?
I took Visual Storytelling at The School of The New York Times last year, and the class transformed my view of journalism. My instructor Alicia DeSantis and the course material showed me that visual journalism can be just as powerful as writing-focused print journalism, if not more so. I came back this year to hopefully find a similarly revelatory experience.
I wanted hands-on reporting experience guided by professionals. More specifically, I wanted to learn how to approach a story like a reporter at The New York Times would and to feel comfortable reporting in more unpredictable environments.
What are your key takeaways from studying with The School of The New York Times?
When I cover stories at school, the angle is usually easy to find—a community member's accomplishment and how he or she got there, the unique aspects of a special event, etc. This course tossed me into the city and said, "Hey, go find a story in two hours." Though the time crunch was scary at first, I now feel more confident reporting in unfamiliar environments without already having a story in mind.
Who do you think should take this course?
Because students are given little time to report and write an article, this course is probably best for those who already have experience with journalism. However, I'm confident that any writers willing to step far outside of their comfort zones could learn a lot from this course—about prose, about storytelling, and about their proclivity for journalism.
What does The New York Times mean to you?
The New York Times has a reputation for truthful storytelling not only in the United States, but also around the world. This program allowed me to take a peek at the magic behind the scenes.
What does it mean to you to study in New York City?
Besides being a center of journalism, New York City is an incredibly diverse place that exposed me to a wide variety of stories from people across the globe.
What do you think you want to be when you grow up?
Honestly, I'm not sure what I want to be when I grow up. I may become a journalist, but even if I don't, my experience with journalism has helped build my confidence and writing abilities, which will surely be useful no matter what I do.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The Annual Church Conference will be held at the North Hero UMC on Saturday, January 5th.
The Church Conference begins at 9:30 am.
The PPRC meets with the DS afterward.
Located at the Grand Isle UMC.
Open every Wednesday from 1:00 to 4:00 pm.
Donations are always welcomed and appreciated.
Grand Isle - Are you willing to pick up folks who would not otherwise be able to get to church?
The Women's Fellowship Group would like to offer rides to church to those who might be interested but need a ride. Volunteers please speak to Nancy Downey.
Notice that a parishioner hasn't been in church for 2 weeks? Please let Lu or Carol know.
Pastor Chico's office hours by appointment, please call 802-735-3359.


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November 1, 2011 /in Cars of The Month /by Aaron Bloch
The date is late 1948 and the place is Crewe, Cheshire, England. Two chassis were ordered from Bentley Motors Limited by a then well-known British coach builder Hooper. Hooper was contracted by a very special customer to build a very special car. Who was Bentley Motors Limited and why was Hooper ordering two un-bodied chassis from them and who was Hooper's special customer? Step into my time machine ladies and gentlemen and twist the dials to a date and time of post war Europe.
Around the beginning of the 20th Century, Walter Owen Bentley or, W.O. as his friends like to call him, was busy building aircraft engines for the famous Sopwith Camel. Don't know what a Sopwith Camel is, ask Snoopy! As WWI came to a close and aircraft engines were no longer needed, Bentley decided to build production cars. In 1924 he entered his car in a race known as the 24 Hours of Le Mans and won. Bentley again won the 24 hour race in 1927 and continued a winning streak for three more years. As far as Europe was concerned if you won Le Man's you had respect as a car designer and builder. But to win it four years in a row was automotive royalty! Well, winning races does not always mean winning in the showroom and the great depression of the Thirties was taking its toll on the now famous automobile mark. The Bentley company was facing bankruptcy.
Around the time Bentley Motors Limited formed as a company, two intelligent gentlemen by the name of Henry Rolls and Charles Royce met to talk shop. Royce was a mechanical genius, who in 1904 built his first two-cylinder powered car the Royce 10. Rolls was already selling cars out of his own dealership, C.S.Rolls & Co., and was well versed in the marketing aspect of automobiles. When they collaborated, the rest they say, without beating a cliché to death, was history. From that point on, all cars built by Royce and sold by Rolls were badged Rolls-Royce. Probably one of the most, if not the most, famous brand, in automotive history! Rolls-Royce, like Bentley, also dabbled in the aircraft arena and came to Bentley's rescue in 1931. They purchased the rival company and saved the brand from bankruptcy and extinction.
During this era, Rolls and Bentley were more chassis builders than car builders. They contracted out the body portion of the car to coachbuilders like Hooper. Hooper originally started life as a horse-drawn carriage manufacturer and was known for producing high-end stuff that royalty would swoon over. When the internal combustion engine replaced the horse they did as the Romans did and began building coaches that were installed on quality built chassis from the likes of Rolls-Royce and Bentley. So, when the Uncle of the Regent to the Prince of Iraq wants a one-off coach built for his personal use then no further questions were needed. In late 1948, Hooper built two special coaches that were installed on Bentley chassis, one of which was ordered by Iraqi Royalty. Sixty some odd years later, this very same car is now owned by a Southern Oregon resident who is as charismatic as the car itself. The car is truly amazing and is a historical representation of what hand built craftsmanship of that time was all about.
I won't bother you with specifications and statistics as this Bentley really speaks for itself. So enjoy the photos that were taken by a young man by the name of Brighton who is a true fan of all that is "automobile". Brighton is a self-proclaimed "carparazzi" and loves to take pictures of exotic cars in and around the Rogue Valley. Be forewarned as the Carparazzi may get a candid shot of your beloved car and end up in the back pages of the Locals Guide!
Happy Motoring!!!
http://ashland.oregon.localsguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/bently_3_web.jpg 324 432 Aaron Bloch http://ashland.oregon.localsguide.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/logo-1-300x76.png Aaron Bloch2011-11-01 05:35:222011-11-01 05:35:221949 Bentley Mark VI/Hooper
KIMBERLY HALL, MASSAGE THERAPIST Tree House Books


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Did you mean : Where Can You Purchase Coach's Oats?
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Forget the jelly, these Peanut Butter Overnight Oats are our jam! Similar to our other overnight oat recipes, this recipe is easy to make and makes your mornings a breeze.It's perfect for the last few weeks (or months if you're in Southern California) of warmer weather.


Phoenix, Arizona: Phoenix police spokesman Vincent Lewis said the newborn was reported to police at the online retail giant's facility on Wednesday evening.
Homicide detectives are working to determine if any crime was committed at the facility, he said.
Police have identified the mother, who is co-operating with the investigation.
In a press conference on Thursday, Sgt Lewis refused to publicly name her or say whether she is employed at the distribution centre.
"But, again, the restroom was located inside of a secured Amazon facility," said Sgt Lewis, who refused to speculate on what charges the mother may face.
He said that investigators are looking into whether the child was born in the toilet, adding that the infant appeared to have only been there briefly.
"It had been there some time," he said, adding, "very recent, same day".
"It appeared to first responders that the baby was full term, or close to that," the spokesman said, adding that she could not be resuscitated by medics from the city's fire department.
According to local media, the child was discovered in a rubbish bin by a maintenance worker.
Amazon said in a statement: "This is a terribly sad and tragic incident.
"We are working with local authorities to support their investigation.


text:
1 in 1700
Humans of JHS
BTS of the B&W
Just Ethnic Things
Respect Existence or Expect Resistance
A Glimpse Into The Grey Space
Broadway Album Buzz
First Steps in the Military
Creative Differences
What's Bugging Kennady
Anonymity Policy
Senior Tributes
Buy a 2019 book
The Black & White
Head Over Heels Original Cast Recording
Jacob Marren, Staff Writer
Welcome to a new cast album of the new week. Recently a new musical had started shows on broadway. That show is Head Over Heels. Head over Heels or HoH for short is a musical with the story of The Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia by Sir Philip Sidney set to the music of the famous American 80's rock band The Go-Go's. Some of The Go-Go's most recognized songs like Vacation, We Got The Beat and Our Lips are Sealed. I was able to the show in August during its first few weeks on Broadway. I have to say that without a doubt the cast album is as amazingly done as seeing the musical live.
With great performances by Bonnie Milligan, Taylor Iman Jones, Etc. With also the first trans-woman ever on broadway, Peppermint. Peppermint is vastly known for being an lgbt rights activist and for placing second on the ninth season of the Emmy Award Winning T.V show RuPaul's Drag Race.
The cast album really shows this cast's strength and ability of performing songs just as good as the original chart topping singles. A stand out in the entire soundtrack would have to be Automatic Rainy Day sung by Taylor Iman Jones and Bonnie Milligan in which there's a slow build up to when Milligan and Iman Jones have a belt off leading up to a harmonized ending note. Other stand outs consist of songs like Vision of Nowness sung by Peppermint and The Head Over Heels Ensemble, Heaven Is a Place on Earth sung by Jeremy Kushnier, Rachel York, and Peppermint, and Beautiful sung by Bonnie Milligan.
I highly suggest anyone who likes The Go-Go's or Broadway cast albums to listen to this album. I believe that this is one of the best contemporary musical's this year.
Tags: broadway album buzz
Jacob Marren is a sophmore staff writer for JHS Black and White. Jacob participates in activities like Concert Choir, GSA, Theatre, Speech and Debate,...
The Black & White encourages the student body to comment on the issues covered by the newspaper. The Black & White believes that user feedback is beneficial to maintain a balanced journalistic perspective. However, we encourage all comments to remain respectful and constructive to the issue. We also encourage students to restrain from using profanity and making inappropriate comments. The Black & White editors review all online comments before being posted. The Black & White reserves the right to refuse to publish individual comments, remove previously published comments and to suspend the comment function on a story.
Behind the Pages
Ethan Ung, Staff Videographer
The student-run newspaper doesn't always run smoothly. Our readers only see the finished product at the end of the month, but now we're pulling back the curtain to show you just how much work goes into creating...
Avengers: Endgame Movie Review
Prom 2k19
Khalid "Free Spirit" Album Review
2298 Podcast
Why D&D
"She Loves Me" 2016 revival
Female Superheroes are not Treated Equally
Sequels That Never Should Have Been Made
Boy Erased: An Outcry for Acceptance
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Home Sport Some Things Are Bigger Than Sports latest 2023
Some Things Are Bigger Than Sports latest 2023
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Why Don't Good People Succeed in Life, Career Or Sports?
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Have you ever wondered why some people succeed and others fail miserably? As a lifelong student of success and victory, this has always bothered me. Sometimes losers don't care, so they don't try to give it their all. Some are there to have fun, not to compete, but that doesn't mean they can't succeed. Too often people achieve nothing but get involved in a lot. Other times they quit just before victory or success, why?
Recently, this topic of conversation popped up in an online think tank and everyone was trying to figure out why some people aren't succeeding. One astute commentator said; "…or lack the courage to reach out for what they want. But there's so much more to the world than that."
Certainly, and who can deny it, however, that is not the point, because we were talking about success and victory. Still, the point is taken, some people don't succeed because they don't care, it's not important to them. So, should we really go out of our way to give participatory praise to all participants, because if they don't care, why waste our time building self-esteem in this regard?
I ask this question because we inadvertently condemn winners in society by saying that it doesn't matter or that there is more to life than just winning. Of course there are, and we could edit this article right now and talk about something else. Would you like to change the subject and discuss other issues in this life experience? Family, love, serenity or other aspects of life like pain and grief, laughter and joy?
Would you like to discuss community involvement, philanthropy or causes bigger than yourself? Would you like to discuss conflicts, injustices or the luck of the draw? What about cataclysmic evolution, philosophy or the humanities? What about psychology, you seem like a psychology student, even though you talk about studying in English? What about war and peace or indifference, or cultural clashes, mass media and stupid masses? We can talk about primate politics, forms of government or the future of the glocal world. Of course there is more in the world, pick a topic.
Of course, you came to this article to learn more; "Why don't good people succeed in life, career or sport?" So the answer is that those who are not successful have become distracted, misplaced their priorities, and/or just don't care. It's too much hard work and trouble to succeed, it's much easier to pull through, find an excuse, and find a good line of nonsense about their failures. Think about it, I'll be in the winner's circle for the rest of the day.
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Two trailers spots on property. One is electric only. The other has electric, water and sewer. Trailers may be sold outside of the property sale.
Inside, the home is downright Rock'n'Roll—concrete floors, minimalist cabinetry and shiny metal appliances. A custom-textured counter forms a seatingarea, and the dining room looks out onto the patio. Reversing direction, you pass through suede-upholstered asymmetric doors into the living room, which features a large round window which spills light into the space.
You then proceed through a massive barn-mounted door into the bathroom, which features a copper sink, large round soaking tub, and oversized steam shower. A small Buddhist vignette just outside provides privacy yet retains the feeling of being in nature.
The master suite extends over 600 sf—plenty of room for a California king (and his queen), with lovely views of the courtyard.
But this home is not just for mediation. The almost 700 sf garage comes equipped with a car lift, 220V electric and compressor. Many cars and Harleys have been tinkered on in this space. Are cars and motorcycles just the beginning of the toy collection? The property also includes a 500+ sf storage shed and a 2000 sf covered area for boats, RV's, trailers and whatever else you might be collecting.
There are currently two trailers on the property, both with water, electricity and sewer hookups. They make great offices and guest houses. See private remarks for more information, and please inquire for a full list of features -- much of the art and furniture will be included in the sale. Zoned for both agriculture and horses, the possibilities for this unique property are limited only by your imagination.


Delta jumped into the swing of the Halloween season with this year's Haunted House hosted by the Puente Club in the Locke student lounge area, which is open until 3 p.m. on Friday, Oct. 23.
The La Raza Employees Association Dia de los Muertos Breakfast is on Oct. 29 from 7:30 a.m. to 11 a.m. in the Locke Lounge.
The $15 ticket price benefits scholarships for Delta College students, and fills your tummy with a breakfast of pazole, tamal, pan dulce and hot chocolate or coffee.
To fill someone else's tummy this holiday season, donate non-perishable food items to the ASDC Food Pantry through Oct. 31.
Donations are accepted at several places on campus, including the library, Counseling Center, Child Development Center, bookstore, mailroom, Student Activities office, and the ASDC office in Shima 101F.
On Nov. 1 at 3 p.m., don't forget your tickets for the Dia de los Muertos Ballet Folklorico de Carlos Moreno event at Tillie Lewis Theater.
Enjoy the music, dance, and art of Mexican culture brought to life by this Oakland performance company. Ticket prices are $20 for adults; $15 for students, seniors, and children 4-12; $1 for toddlers 4 and under.


Ticket sales have ended :( If you're still coming, bring some cash and pay at the door.
The Nirvana Leader Team invite you to join us at the next Nirvana Regional which will be held on Sunday, 7 April.
Ticket price includes entry and tea and coffee. Lunch is available after the meeting at the eateries within the Canada Bay Club if you'd like to make a day of it.
Regional is a great opportunity to catch up with our wider regional team, network, receive training, recognition, inspiration, FUN and, of course, prizes and raffles.
Register here and then just turn up! No need to print tickets, we'll have a guest list at the door. Which is a GREAT reminder...invite guests! It's free for them to come along and enjoy our community and our culture.
We can't wait to see you there....register TODAY!
Psst: Have you stumbled upon this page and want to learn more? You can! We're a large team of independent PartyLite consultants and we build our businesses, make money and have a lot of fun by meeting new people and sharing amazing fragrance, decor and candle products.


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Deaf students at Arizona school will learn virtually, but not without obstacles
By Katelyn Keenehan | Luce Foundation: Southwest Stories Fellowship
Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, students are adjusting to their new normal when it comes to online classes, virtual events and social distancing to prevent the spread of the disease.
But for deaf and hard of hearing students in Arizona public schools, as well as for many more enrolled in private schools, these adjustments introduce new barriers to communication and learning. Last year, according to the Arizona Department of Education, 1,622 deaf or hard of hearing students were in public schools.
Sequoia Deaf School, part of the Edkey Inc. charter school group in Mesa, had 52 students enrolled in grades K through 12 for the 2020-21 school year. Its experience navigating the pandemic illustrates some of the challenges deaf students face, such as difficulty reading lips and faces behind masks, the shorter attention spans of young deaf students and the loss of their nurturing school community.
Sequoia in July announced its distance learning plan for the fall semester and plans to begin its hybrid semester – part online, part in person – in October. However, no specific date has been set due to the uncertainty surrounding COVID-19, which has killed more than 5,300 Arizonans.
The Department of Education and the Exceptional Student Services, a state agency that oversees education for students with disabilities, provided guidance for safely reopening schools. The recommendations include identifying learning gaps from the previous semester, providing personal protective equipment and increasing communication between students and faculty.
Exceptional Student Services emphasized that the measures are not prescriptive and function more as recommendations. Each district can make the final call on its fall reopening plan.
Sequoia students who also have intellectual or physical disabilities will receive in-person attention for their specific needs. Other students at the school are expected to attend completely online.
Before the COVID-19 shutdown in March, Sequoia operated on the same campus as the Sequoia Charter School, where deaf and hard of hearing students learn in the same classrooms, play on the same sports teams and participate in the same clubs as their hearing peers.
Warren Keller, principal of Sequoia Deaf School and a member of the Deaf community, said integration is one of the best ways to teach deaf children how to interact with the hearing world.
"It's not like a gated community of deafness, you know, they're out in the community, they're interacting with their hearing peers," he said. "And they're getting used to being part of a community that is with both deaf people and hearing people."
But in March, the rapid spread of the coronavirus pushed students across the country online, ending in-person instruction, sports and after-school activities.
Jennifer Reid, the assistant principal of Sequoia Deaf School, said integration is one of the most important tools for children with deafness. For the rest of their lives, she said, they will need to know how to work with an interpreter or read lips to complete such activities as attending medical appointments, job training or secondary school.
Masks complicate lipreading
An important skill deaf individuals develop from a young age is reading lips and body language to compensate for their compromised hearing. Deaf and hard of hearing people also are adept at reading facial expressions to determine the mood and tone of the conversation, according to the Hearing, Speech and Deaf Center in Seattle.
Sequoia Deaf School allows students to learn American Sign Language and lipreading skills starting as early as kindergarten.
With the introduction of face masks to slow the spread of COVID-19, deaf people often can't grasp the conversations around them. Keller said he struggles with this new reality.
"It's been difficult with everyone in a mask, especially to get lipreading cues. So that's been a huge challenge for me," he said.
Lipreading is not a stand-alone communication method. Even if a person speaks slowly, only about 25% of the conversation can be understood by lipreading alone, according to the Hearing, Speech and Deaf Center, whose mission is "to foster inclusive and accessible communities."
But what complicates the issue, Keller said, is that facial expressions, too, now are hidden behind a piece of cloth.
Sequoia Deaf School invested in clear face masks and shields for all deaf students and school staff members, which will be handed out when students return to campus.
Virtual learning challenges attentions
Virtual learning can be challenging for many students, educators say, but the problem is worse for deaf and hard of hearing students.
"Visual attention is really difficult for our students," said Reid, vice principal at Sequoia Deaf School. "It takes a lot for your brain to visually attend to something. And as a hearing person, we can just look off in the distance and keep listening. But for a deaf person, you have to stay focused visually. When doing that for an extended period the brain just doesn't function like that."
Students in elementary grades are the biggest point of concern at Sequoia Deaf School because of their short attention spans.
Mark Plitzuweit, CEO of the Edkey charter school group, said deaf students come into their first year of school almost three years behind on their communication skills.
"They're 5 or 6 years old, coming into kindergarten, and they are just beginning the initial steps of any type of verbal, nonverbal, sign language or any type of communication," he said.
In addition, their American Sign Language skills are not fully developed.
"That's where checking for understanding comes in," Plitzuweit said, "If I've said something to a student, I can follow by asking them, 'Do you understand?' or 'Can you repeat what I said?' those types of things."
To increase the success rate, virtual deaf education classes at Sequoia Deaf School were shortened to 30 minutes for the 2020-21 academic school year to maximize students' visual attention spans.
"So they are short but have heavy content," Reid said. "We are going to start out a little bit slow, kind of retrying to get back in touch with the students."
Impact of social distancing on Deaf community
Virtual education also can be a lonely experience, and students who are deaf already experience much higher levels of isolation, Reid said, adding that only 5% of deaf children are born to deaf parents.
"A lot of our students go home to neighborhoods where they're the only deaf child in that neighborhood," she said. "They're the only deaf child in their family, and they might have been the only deaf person their parents have ever met."
And for many deaf students, their school has become a safe haven, said Keller, who attended both regular schools and schools for the deaf.
Plitzuweit said school closures have been "very difficult for a lot of our students … and not because they aren't learning."
"It's because they've lost the connections with their friends and with the community that we have built at the Sequoia Charter School," he said.
Keller said socialization will be the biggest labyrinth for deaf students in a virtual learning environment.
"We want to make sure that the students don't feel alone and that they're able to be celebrated," he said.
The school's deaf-education classes for kindergarten students have six to eight students, making it easier for teachers to connect one-on-one with students.
"Our teachers know their students very well" Reid said, "and are also very close with the (students') families and that's another piece, too."
To help families during the spring semester, Sequoia Deaf School offered virtual American Sign Language classes for the parents of deaf students. This helped students feel less isolated at home during quarantine, Reid said, because they began to develop a method of communication with their family.
Some students are heading back to classrooms
A handful of students at Sequoia Deaf School have other developmental disabilities that hinder them from thriving in an online learning environment. The school plans to bring those students back onto campus in October, Reid said.
"Our students that are deaf with additional disabilities like autism, or deaf with moderate intellectual disabilities, they'll be coming back onto campus at staggered times as well," she said.
Some students lost their accessibility to physical therapy and occupational therapy services while under quarantine for five months, she said, adding, "We do have some students that may never regain what they've lost during this time."
As principal, Keller said he understands that students have had different experiences during the pandemic. He emphasized the importance of thinking creatively for solutions to many of these fundamental barriers for his deaf students in particular.
"I think if you take care of their happiness and their safety, they'll be able to give 100 percent, so I feel like I'm coming up with a lot of stuff, but I've got to sort of implement it slowly and remember to be patient," he said.
This story is made possible through a partnership between the Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and the Center for the Study of Religion and Conflict at Arizona State University, with the support of the Henry Luce Foundation.
American Sign Language, deaf, disabilities, hard of hearing, lost connections, students, virtual classes
Katelyn Keenehan | Luce Foundation: Southwest Stories Fellowship
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This additional kit includes larger cups and receivers enabling the removal and installation of larger bushings when used with 11000, 11000A or 11010. All included in a blow molded case.
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The name of Camogli originates from the seafaring nature of the place. It comes from House of wives, where the sailors were returning to hug their family after their voyages. The colorful medieval buildings, moored boats, fishermen mending their nets with meticulous patience, are just some of the images that you can see in this location. Here our Tender will accompany you to the shore, leaving you time to visit this village with incredible beauty that will leave you in the heart of the desire to return.


Linda Hershey uses her court reporting skills to work from home as a captioner.
Hershey, a 20-plus year veteran of captioning who lives in Chattanooga, describes her work as demanding, satisfying and flexible.
So flexible, in fact, that she was able to move to Iowa for three months to be with her mother, who was in the final stages of life. And flexible enough to allow her to take a working vacation to the beach and still perform her job.
With more than 48 million Americans experiencing hearing loss in at least one ear, jobs that require Hershey's skills have been increasing in recent years and are expected to spike in coming years.
Average pay for a closed captioner is $67,000, and top earners usually make $121,000 a year or more, the employment website Simply Hired reports.
Hershey is proficient in two types of captioning – online or broadcast captioning and Communication Access Realtime Translation captioning.
The main purpose of broadcast captioning is to provide equal access to television programming for deaf and hard-of-hearing individuals. This court reporting subspecialty is also used in other ways, such as providing text for television programming in noisy venues such as restaurants and bars and reinforcing reading skills for children.
CART captioning offers instantaneous transcription of the spoken word into English text through the use of speech-to-text software, a computer and either an open or closed microphone or stenotype machine. The text is then displayed on a computer monitor, large screen, or other display device for the individual or individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing to read.
Hershey is just as likely to caption a television show in South Carolina as she is to travel off-site to caption in an educational setting, meeting or even at a funeral or a wedding.
She spearheaded a successful effort to get a grant to purchase captioning equipment, and she uses that equipment to close-caption events at the Chattanooga's Little Theater and other places.
Hershey recalls the first time she captioned for a live play in Chattanooga, a woman approached her in tears to thank her for her service.
About 80 miles down the road from Hershey's home base in Chattanooga, captioner Stephanie Jones fires up her special equipment from her Cookeville home.
Jones captions a wide variety of programming – news, sports, church services, infomercials and talk shows.
"I get the audio about 10 seconds before the viewers, so I write in real-time and send my text to the station," Jones says.
Like Hershey, Jones appreciates the flexibility of her career.
"I feel fortunate enough to work from home, which is good because my schedule can get crazy when there's severe weather or breaking news," she points out. "As a captioner, I get a lot more time with my family and to pursue my interests.
Experts say the job market for captioning is very favorable, especially in light of a 2014 ruling by the FCC that adopted new rules to improve the quality of broadcast captioning.
The ruling came after widespread frustration among the viewing public with the inconsistencies in captioning quality. There's also continuing pressure by advocacy groups to bring increased CART captioning demand to churches, medical facilities and other arenas.


and the medieval town centre. This charming building has a terrace with lake view and two restaurant rooms newly renovated. The location is perfect for romantic dinners cradled by the lake waves. Chef Cesare Scazzosi combines our Italian tradition with local food such as homemade fresh pasta and lake fish; a wide range wine list goes from Colline Novaresi to European vineyards.


Measuring the size and concentration of particles in colloidal suspensions is a challenge, particularly for suspensions with particles smaller than 100 nm. Kanomax FMT offers a solution that outperforms all other measurement methods — the Liquid NanoParticle Sizer system (LNS). The LNS provides outstanding size measurement capabilities in a small integrated instrument system. The LNS is an excellent choice for measuring particle size distributions in semiconductor Chemical Mechanical Planarization (CMP) slurries.
The LNS is a fully integrated three-stage system incorporating a NanoParticle Nebulizer (NPN), an Annular Flow Ion Mobility Classifier (AFIMC) and a Fast Condensation Particle Counter (FastCPC) to measure particles as small as 5 nm.
A sample of a liquid colloid suspension is introduced to the NPN through an online direct-feed method or using a peristaltic pump or autosampler. The sample can be diluted before introduction to reduce coagulation time and minimize contamination. The sample is nebulized and the largest droplets, which may contain multiple particles, are removed. The nebulized sample is heated to evaporate the water leaving an aerosol of particles suspended in the carrier gas.
The aerosol particles are electrically charged using a safe and reliable soft x-ray charger. The AFIMC sorts the particles by size in an electric field and is capable of classifying particles from 5-6oo nm in size. Using varying electric field strength the AFIMC systematically selects particles of a narrow size band and passes them on to a FastCPC.
The FastCPC immediately counts the concentration of particles in selected size bands and detects individual particles with a dynamic concentration range over three orders of magnitude. Unlike competing particle measurement technologies, the LNS provides actual, not relative, particle concentration.
Combines proven techniques (used by NIST and AIST, Japan) for counting and sizing aerosol size distributions with a unique nebulizer technology to successfully measure particle size and number concentration in concentrated liquid suspensions.
Offers greater accuracy, better precision, and improved resolution in CMP slurry size-measurement results (used extensively in the semiconductor industry).
Straightforward data inversion without complex inversion routines, assumptions or size calibrations. The software can identify each particle-size mode and assigns a cumulative size at 10%, 50% and 90% of the distribution. Changes in the size of a specific mode can be easily monitored with these size statistics.
Cited in two SEMI Guides. In SEMI C92 the LNS is used to determine the quality of ion exchange resin. In SEMI C79 the LNS evaluates the efficiency of sub-15 nanometer filters used in ultrapure water distribution systems. No other particle instrumentation is capable of making the required measurements described by SEMI C79.


Takeaway: God still speaks. It is our job to listen.
I expect that The Power of a Whisper will get some bad reviews. Many people do not think that God still speaks (either audibly or through nudges). And after reconsidering my (now edited) review from last week of Christian Atheist, I want to be sure I am listening to the content not just evaluating my place in the world in regard to the content.
My reviews are a way for me to process my learning. So I want to, and need to, share what I am getting from a book, as well as give some review as to the content of the book and how it is presented.
What is helpful for me is the extremely autobiographical nature of this book. Hybels spends the first quarter of the book charting out his early life and how listening to "whispers from God" lead him into the ministry and helped prepare him for the life he has lead.
But he does not stop at autobiography. He moves to stories from people in his church that felt they have heard from God. These are both large and small areas; life and death situations and much smaller nudges. What I get from this section, and I think is important to the whole book, is that God is involved not only in big movements of history, but in the small interactions of life. He cares that people are turned toward him, he cares that our children are safe, he cares that people find jobs or are emotionally (and physically) healed.
I think that more than knowledge, people need to know emotionally that God really cares for them and wants to interact with them. That message is throughout this book.
Hybels moves on to testing the messages we hear from God, how to position ourselves to hear God better, the importance of humility when hearing from others and the importance in hearing from God in larger societal changes.
I don't think I have read anything else by Hybels so I do not have any books to compare it to. I have met Hybels several times (I was a note taker for a meeting that Hybels participated in quarterly for a couple of years.) I read through about 20 Amazon reviews to get a sense of what others were saying. A couple people complained that because Hybels spent a lot of time speaking autobriographically he was "bragging" or "not being humble". I think this is an unfortunate criticism. If we cannot hear from respected Christian leaders about how they really itneract with God, then we are cutting off a significant way of deepening our relationship with God. Hybels is not perfect, does not pretend to be perfect and cites many mistakes. But he does claim to be frequently hearing from God. Based on what I know about him, that is a good reason to be listening to him more.
I listened to The Power of a Whisper: Hearing God, Having the Guts to Respond (Audible.com link) on audiobook. Scott Brick was the narrator. In general I really like authors to read their own books because I get a better sense of passion from them. Scott Brick is a great narrator, but I think a bad choice for this book. Brick is great at building drama, but this is a book that probably would be better if the drama was ratcheting down (not up). I got used to him after a while, but still would have preferred another narrator, maybe Grover Gardner or Lloyd James.


text:
Survival of the cutest?
Please take care of me! (source) Child neglect is common in Papua New Guinea, even in regions where food is relatively abundant. Did juvenile hair color become lighter as a way to elicit maternal care?
If we exclude people of European descent, blond hair is most common among the natives of Oceania, specifically within a zone stretching from central and western Australia, through Papua New Guinea and into Melanesia and nearby islands. This coloration is due to a genetic variant of TYRP1 that is rare or nonexistent outside Oceania (Kenny et al., 2012).
Among central Australian Aborigines, blond hair varies by age and sex:
Up to 10 years of age the color distribution is approximately the same in both sexes at about 85% "fair" to 15% "dark." Over the age of 11 years it is difficult to find a "fair" male while female "fairness" falls off more gradually.
[…] In the males the onset of darkening becomes apparent from about the 8th year. In adolescence the hair ranges from medium brown to black (observations in this group are very limited) while beyond 20 years practically all are in the "dark" category. […] In the females darkening becomes definite only after about the 20th year, and even in old age does not often exceed light brown. (Abbie & Adey, 1953)
We see the same age and sex pattern in Solomon Islanders:
An interesting hair phenotype that is sometimes seen in Island Melanesia (as well as among Australian Aborigines) is "blondism," in which individuals exhibit the characteristic darkly pigmented skin of the region while also having blond hair. This trait was most commonly observed in children whose hair generally darkened around puberty (Robins, 1991). However, in some cases, blondism persists into adulthood, although the hair appears somewhat darker than what is seen in children (Norton et al., 2006).
This is similar to the situation in Europe, where blond hair likewise is more common among children and women (Shekar et al., 2008; Steggerda, 1941). Among Europeans, however, blond hair is much less specific to juveniles, being maintained throughout life in most individuals.
Origins and adaptive value
How did this "Oceanic" blondism come about? The evolutionary path may be analogous to that of European blondism.
European women naturally have hair that is more brightly and diversely colored (Shekar et al., 2008; Steggerda, 1941). This is consistent with a need to attract prospective mates, since bright and/or novel colors are more likely to be noticed and remembered. Most alleles aren't sex-linked, so this kind of sexual selection would have spilled over on to European men, changing their hair color as well (Frost, 2006; Frost, 2008).
All of this implies that ancestral European women faced a competitive mate market. At higher latitudes, too many women had to compete for too few men, especially among hunter-gatherers. On the one hand, hunting distances were longer on average, thus increasing male mortality. On the other, men were less polygynous because of the higher costs of provisioning women and their offspring, especially during winter. This excess of females over males in the mate market was greatest on the continental steppe-tundra that covered most of Europe during the last ice age. Northern Asia also had steppe-tundra, but only in arid regions farther north where human occupation was not continuous, particularly at the height of the last ice age (Frost, 2006; Frost, 2008).
In equatorial Oceania, the evolutionary path may have been both similar and different. As in Europe, there is an aesthetic preference for blond hair:
In Samoa, all fair hair is considered 'ena'ena, a word that is usually translated as brown, although when English-speaking Samoans use this term in reference to hair, they typically gloss it as 'blond'. This makes sense since, when one is bleaching Polynesian hair, it goes through a series of reddish- brown shades prior to arriving at blond, and even then retains a reddish hue. When describing hair, Samoans specify the actual shade of 'blond' by using certain modifiers with 'ena'ena, such as 'ena'ena manaia, which literally means 'really nice brown hair', but which refers to a very fair reddish colour.
The hair of female spirits is most commonly said to be 'ena'ena manaia, and they are wont to decorate it with a red hibiscus (Mageo, 1994).
But what is the adaptive value for young children? They are, after all, the ones who most often have this hair color. What kind of selection pressure could have favored blond children?
One possibility is child neglect. Papua New Guinea has a relatively high rate of child malnutrition—35% on average, with some regions having rates as high as 78%. Yet malnourished children are found in areas that have an apparent surplus of food. Lepowsky (1987, p. 75) notes that "the reported pattern of child malnutrition did not follow environmental or ecological patterns but cultural ones." The ultimate cause seems to be "maternal detachment":
These women take a guarded attitude toward infants, extending the greatest amount of their affection and parental care toward children who are physically strong and who survive the first couple of years of life. (Lepowsky, 1987, p. 78)
For this reason, child naming is delayed for a few weeks after birth, and the ritual thanking of the father's kin is delayed for about six months. Mothers take for granted that their offspring may not survive this period.
Thus, in equatorial Oceania, child survival depends very much on the degree of maternal attachment, i.e., the mother's fondness for her child. Has this factor favored "cute" features, like blond hair? Is blondism a child's way of eliciting more maternal care during infancy?
Abbie, A.A. & W.R. Adey. (1953). Pigmentation in a central Australian tribe with special reference to fair-headedness, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 11, 339-359.
Frost, P. (2008). Sexual selection and human geographic variation, Special Issue: Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of the NorthEastern Evolutionary Psychology Society. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 2(4),169-191. http://137.140.1.71/jsec/articles/volume2/issue4/NEEPSfrost.pdf
Frost, P. (2006). European hair and eye color - A case of frequency-dependent sexual selection? Evolution and Human Behavior, 27, 85-103 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10905138
Kenny, E.E., N.J. Timpson, M. Sikora, M-C. Yee, A. Moreno-Estrada, C. Eng, S. Huntsman, E.G. Burchard, M. Stoneking, C.D. Bustamante, & S. Myles (2012). Melanesian blond hair is caused by an amino acid change in TYRP1, Science, 336, 554.
Lepowsky, M. (1987). Food taboos and child survival: A case study from the Coral Sea, in N. Scheper-Hughes (ed.) Child Survival: Anthropological Perspectives on the Treatment and Maltreatment of Children, (pp. 71-92), Springer.
Mageo, J.M. (1994). Hairdos and Don'ts: Hair Symbolism and Sexual History in Samoa, Man, New Series, 29 (2) 407-432
Norton, H.L., J.S. Friedlaender, D.A. Merriwether, G. Koki, C.S. Mgone, & M.D. Shriver. (2006). Skin and Hair Pigmentation Variation in Island Melanesia, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 130, 254–268.
Shekar, S.N., D.L. Duffy, T. Frudakis, G.W. Montgomery, M.R. James, R.A. Sturm, & N.G. Martin. (2008). Spectrophotometric methods for quantifying pigmentation in human hair—Influence of MC1R genotype and environment. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 84, 719–726.
Steggerda, M. (1941). Change in hair color with age, Journal of Heredity, 32, 402-403.
Posted by Peter Frost at 12:57 PM
Hunter gatherer mothers don't have the resources for 'extra' children. With agriculture the mother's attitude would be the crucial factor in whether marginally viable children are invested in. I have to wonder why natural selection would not produce a greater tendency to care for less viable children, after hundreds of generation of agriculturists. Why would the care eliciting hair color be necessary?
Since we're on neoteny, this might interest you Peter:
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0035917
"Main craniofacial changes indicate that Europeans differ from Southern Africans by increasing facial developmental rates and extending the attainment of adult size and shape.
Since other studies have suggested that native subsaharan populations attain adulthood earlier than Europeans, it is probable that facial ontogeny is linked with other developmental mechanisms that control the timing of maturation in other variables.
Southern Africans appear as retaining young features in adulthood. Facial ontogeny in Europeans produces taller and narrower noses, which seems as an adaptation to colder environments.
The lack of these morphological traits in Neanderthals, who lived in cold environments, seems a paradox, but it is probably the consequence of a warm-adapted faces together with precocious maturation."
Interestingly they found 2 principal components associated with a neotenous shape in their analysis and which differed between the ethnic groups.
On the larger, Europeans started out the same as the Africans, but were more developed (less neotenous) in shape (although not larger in size) at every single age after that. On the smaller, Africans started out more developed and ended up more developed.
So Europeans begin life with a more neotenous face shape and end maturation with a more adult shape. Europeans seem to be postdisplaced (less mature at the start of growth, end growth later) and accelerated (face shape develops faster).
(There was no differentiation on facial centroid size - i.e. face size. Of course there were no mandibular measurements included.).
This seems like it would be a Caucasoid wide pattern, since it distinguishes the Negroid from Caucasoid face shape to a large extent.
Insightful said...
Another fascinating thing about Melanesians is that their hair texture ranges from tightly-curled (like sub-saharan Africans) to loose curls. Like with regard to australian aborigines, some have straight hair like in this picture:
http://wdict.net/img/australoid+race,1.jpg
or downright afro hair as in this picture of one of the last Tasmanians:
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4d/William_Lanne.jpg
I just find the phenotypic diversity in this seemingly limited part of the world astounding!
I thought the blonde genes in Caucasians come from the Finnic-Ural gene pool that originates from Ural region.
@theslittyeye
Apparently, different genes for blondism arose separately more than once, and who knows how many times…
Bren10 said...
Darwinism =
'Survival of the Survivaliest'
I'm not sure why maternal detachment is so prevalent in Papua New Guinea. So far I haven't found any more material on this point.
It's an interesting paper. But doesn't it run counter to the idea (popular around a century ago) that Europeans are more neotenous than Africans? There was a lot written on that theory by people like Bolk. Prognathism, for instance, was interpreted as an adult face pattern that never develops in Europeans because their facial development is permanently stalled in infancy.
I'm frankly skeptical about attempts to create a unified theory of human biodiversity. To me, it seems counter-intuitive. The only unified theory is the theory of natural selection itself.
Insightful,
Australia probably had several waves of human settlement. The Tasmanians are thought to correspond to one of the earlier waves.
theslittyeye,
Europeans have a very large number of alleles for hair color. MC1R has at least 7 phenotypically distinct alleles that exist only in Europe, and there are apparently hair-color alleles at other gene loci.
Blond hair itself is not a uniform phenotype. Blondism is probably produced by several different alleles.
Bren10,
If you survive and reproduce, you've got something that the others don't.
In the paper, the African sample did show the increased level of acceleration (opposite of neoteny) in the second PC, which is a PC associated with prognathism, while the first PC wasn't. This matches up with Bolk's ideas.
However, in terms of shape, Africans are less neotenous when we look across all PCs, as Europeans are more accelerated on the first PC, which is of larger size than the second PC, and the subsequent PCs lack racial associations (which facial size is similar between groups).
The greater brain size of the Europeans might save the neoteny theory a little, but frankly by then we're far enough from neoteny (there is no real unidirectional pattern) that we can't really call the patterns neoteny with a straight.
Yes, I agree - frameworks where HBD differences are placed on a single axis - in this instance the heterochronic neoteny axis of the Bolk-Montagu-Gould tradition - with groups being assigned a place on this axis, generally seem overreaching. As much as heterochrony does have its place.
Very few people informed by the neoteny view of human evolution would be able to perceive Neanderthals as neotenous on this characteristic element of facial shape (which they are, as on other aspects of cranial shape http://tinyurl.com/c2xuupj - "Newborn Neandertals and newborn modern humans have elongated braincases, and similar endocranial volumes.
During a 'globularization-phase' modern human endocasts change to the globular shape that is characteristic for Homo sapiens.
This phase of early development is unique to modern humans, and absent from chimpanzees and Neandertals."). Yet there we are.
In terms of overall shape analyses, morphometric analyses are particularly useful for analysing these kind of ideas - e.g. http://tinyurl.com/c3aqcsr - "Dispelling dog dogma: an investigation of heterochrony in dogs using 3D geometric morphometric analysis of skull shape : Geometric morphometric analysis reveals that the cranial shape of none of the modern breeds of dogs resembles the cranial shapes of adult or juvenile wolves.
In addition, investigations of regional heterochrony in the face and neurocranium also reject the hypothesis of heterochrony. Throughout wolf cranial development the position of the face and the neurocranium remain in the same plane. Dogs, however, have a de novo cranial flexion in which the palate is tilted dorsally in brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds or tilted ventrally in dolichocephalic and down-face breeds.
Dogs have evolved very rapidly into an incredibly morphologically diverse species with very little genetic variation. However, the genetic alterations to dog cranial development that have produced this vast range of phylogenetically novel skull shapes do not coincide with the expectations of the heterochronic model. Dogs are not paedomorphic wolves.").
(Similary, Asians, Europeans, Africans are only limitedly understood, at best, as neotenised versions of one another, in any directions. Sapiens are not neotenised Erectus. &c.).
Europeans' face shape is feminized just like their skin colour. Read 'Second-to-fourth digit ratio and facial shape in boys—the lower the ratio the more robust the face."
Peter, could it be there was there was a normal amount of maternal feeling for agriculturists, but a mismatch between the maternal feeling and particularly abundant local resources available. That is, mothers had the resources avialable to let frailer children survive, but were acting too conservatively for local conditions. The Solomon Islands have extremely fertile land due to a favourable climate and volcanic soils. You now have the correct explainations for the existence of blonds in Europe and Papua New Guinea.
In the linked paper:
Characteristics of the European face such as relative anterior displacement of nose and posterior displacement of cheek seem better understood as being more developed than the African face, better than being less masculinized.
Narrowness of midface and height of nose seems no better explained by feminisation than further development of an adult shape (adults have relatively taller, narrower longer noses and narrower faces than babies).
The similar overall centroid size of European and African faces seems to support neither greater adult development nor feminisation of the European face (more feminised faces should be smaller, while more adult faces should be larger).
Based on this, and the prolonged development of the European/Caucasoid face shown by the paper, as an explanation model (while women have earlier maturing faces than men), I would say that accelerated facial development in Europeans takes it.
Someone needs to bone up on digit ratios. And then ponder why masculine digit ratios predict a robust face. And why Europeans have such unmasculine digit ratios.
OK. How about this? - check out page 178 in this PDF - http://hera.ugr.es/doi/15009579.pdf.
I wonder what you make of the fact that the German digit ratios for men and women and closer to the low Zulu digit ratios (and closer to one another!) than they are to the high Polish and Spanish digit ratios. Or that Finnish 2D:4D is lower than Jamaican 2D:4D for men and the same for women.
Or put another way - inter ethnic differences in 2D:4D looks like so much vaporware.
Still, this paper may interest you -
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/272/1576/1995/F2.expansion.html - the effects of 2D:4D shift in males
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/272/1576/1995/F5.expansion.html - the effects of actual face shift in a male and female direction
Notice the difference between the two sets of shape morphs.
When we talk about feminization, it seems that there may be differences of effect based on ontological timing of sex hormones.
The effects of androgens prenatally, as measured by 2D:4D seems to accord more with your perceptions of 2D:4D - higher androgens = broader faces and a slightly shorter jaw.
Actual male:female sex differences which emerge from sex hormones and growth trajectories during life (and reflected real differences between men and women) are different - higher androgens and differences and more male growth trajectory = narrower faces with a compressed midface and much taller jaw.
Finns have broad robust faces (and darker skin than other N.Europeans), and they may have picked up quite a bit of Lapp ancestry since leaving the northern European plain. Has anyone ever said that Finnish women are the most beautiful in the world? No.
They say that about Danish women though, and the Danes have the lowest digit ratio in the world. And the lowest male fertility
Typo, meant to point out the fact that that Danes have the highest digit ratio in the world.
With respect to the robustness of digit ratio theory.
http://www.epjournal.net/blog/2012/04/the-2d4d-ratio-a-new-paper-points-the-finger/
Finns have broad robust faces (and darker skin than other N.Europeans)
Finns seem to score as high on light eyes and hair as Danes and higher than say, English and Irish.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/33/Westernparadigm_blue_eye_color_map.jpg
http://forums.skadi.net/photoplog/images/25637/1_blond_hair_map1.jpg
In any case, your contention is that feminisation was responsible for the shape changes in the European face from African, not heterochronic acceleration. You can't go and reduce your definition of the European face to "Danish" midstream.
They say that about Danish women though
People say that about Brazilians and even Thais and Japanese... I'm not too interested in that kind of speculation... Brigette Nielsen, Connie Nielsen and Helena Christensen seem the most famous Danish female celebrity exports (also not seeming particularly narrow faced or feminine).
Incidentally, another interesting figure from the paper I posted above :
http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/272/1576/1995/F4.expansion.html
2d:4d variation within female faces.
Notice how unlike in men, the female faces don't seem to show any association with facial breadth with 2D:4D ratio. The low female 2D:4D face does have a male face shape with its short broad nose and large jaw, but isn't really wider across the whole face from forehead to chin and across zygomas, compared to the high 2D:4D female face. Interesting huh?
Aside from not being related to actual male-female dimorphism in a "broader = male" pattern, pure facial breadth as an indicator of prenatal testosteronisation in females also seems to be lacking.
2D:4D does not seem to have much to do with adult hormone levels or repeat polymorphisms in the receptor genes, regardless of how it reflects experiences in utero.
"your contention is that feminisation was responsible for the shape changes in the European face from African, not heterochronic acceleration."
No, my contention is that the face shape of Europeans was driven by sexual selection for appearance so I'm arguing against natural selection, not the 'heterochronic acceleration' process. Nor am I arguing that cold adaptation is responsible for the high 2D:4D and delicate facial features of northern Europeans. Hence it does not follow from anything I say that that the northernmost Europeans (ie Finns ) should NOT have low 2D:4D and robust faces (and be genetically very untypical of northern Europeans, as they are).
Danes are far more typical of the mass of the population of Northern Europe. Europe has the highest 2D:4D, N.Europeans have 2D:4D that is high compared to other Europeans, Danes have the highest 2D:4D of all, the lowest fertility of all, and are up to four times more likely to have testicular cancer than the most untypical Europeans - the robust faced and low 2D:4 Finns (who have a very high murder rate).
You seem to accept that in Europeans jaw is less massive (and associated with higher digit ratios). OK what do you think the advantage of that was. Bear in mind that the crowded and impacted teeth that go with a small dental arch would have had resulted in all sorts of complications. The first exampla of an impacted wisdom tooth in a human was Madelenian Girl. But why did Europeans evolve that way, eh?
It seems to me you are agueing for natural selection for smaller faces in Europeans, but you can't say why these smaller faces were selected for. I think it was looks.
"Danes are far more typical of the mass of the population of Northern Europe."
Northern Europe is a massive place. Denmark is a very small country in this massive place, therefore you can't just define them as being the most representative of Northern Europeans.
Northern Europe:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Europe
Denmark pop: 5.5 million
Sweden pop: 9.4 million
Norway pop: 5 million
Lithuania pop: 3.1 million
Latvia pop: 2.2 million
Estonia pop: 1.3 million
Iceland pop: 320 000.
Finland pop: 5.4 million.
Ireland pop: 4.5 million.
United Kingdom pop: 62.2 million.
Now you could refine your argument and say that the Danish are representative of Scandinavians.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavia
But even then, Denmark only constitutes about one quarter of the population of Scandinavia and so can hardly be said to be representative of all of it. If that title had to belong to just one Scandinavian country at all it would be Sweden, which if I recall correctly has a digit ratio for men of 0.95. (I remember this because I looked it up to see if the degree of feminism in a society had any sort of relationship to the digit ratio of that country's men.)
Ben10 said...
It was published yesterday. Non-white babies now officially outnumber white babies in the US.
It's not survival of the cutest, that I am sure. Main stream media praize the fact, needless to say.
What about Canada?
With the settled rates immigration we have now (of the 25.1 million employed in the UK, 4.1 million are foreign born) the white population will be a minority everywhere in two generations, and a tiny minority in 100 years. What is really going to change faster than anyone thinks possible is the genetic integration of Europeans with immigrant communities. Sexual selection will have a hand in it, on a number of levels; Denmark is the most liberal country in the world, and its women are far from unattractive.
anon, Look at Inuit if you want to know what people who are adapted for breathing cold air look like. They do not have long thin noses.
chris, Judging by the genetic data Finns are very untypical, hence they've surely altered, by admixture, during their wandering from the European plain to land that was under a kilometer of ice 9000 years ago.
Danes live on the Continental coast where they always have. DANES must be far more representative of the ancestral North European Plain population than Finns or Swedes. The Denmark land area itself is not huge, but its population expanded massively into Britain.
Sean:
My opinion on this is still that, given the 2D:4D ratio seems to vary between local populations without a difference in femininity
- e.g. Polish and Spanish are not particularly more feminine than English, despite their men having higher 2D:4D than English women and there AFAIK is no chasm in femininity between German vs English and Spanish and Polish women, all as shown by the paper I cited -
why should we be at all optimistic about using 2D:4D differences between populations, suddenly, as a predictor, when we are comparing Danes to Finns, or Europeans as a whole to Africans? If there is no or almost no predictive power in these closely related populations, there would probably be even less between less related populations.
Seems like vaporware.
I'll tell you what I know about Inuit nasal morphology:
Inuit/Eskimos and subarctic Native American have
a) a narrow nasal index - http://tinyurl.com/bq7q3jq and http://tinyurl.com/d6cqgtg, where the Eskimo sample has a narrower and more opposite the African typical nasal index than the European sample.
b) pinched nasalia - see http://95.211.45.61/hanihara.flatness.pdf where Table 6 shows Eskimos and subarctic populations having a European typical simotic index (closer to the European average than the Lapps and Finns are) just with the nasal bones scaled down in absolute size.
Also, Inuit substitute for a smaller external nose (or similar or more extremely "untropical" shape than Europeans) by increasing the volume of the internal nasal conchae :
Lieberman, 2011 - "Because the ancestors of modern European Americans evolved in cold, arid climates, they may have undergone selection to narrow the nose and hence increase the turbulence of inspired air so as to increase the nose's ability to humidify and warm air on its way into the lungs. Another way to increase respiratory epithelium surface area is through expansion of the conchae within the nose. This probably explains why cold-adapted Inuit populations from the Artic have significantly larger intranasal volumes and surface areas than populations from warmer regions, but they don't have bigger overall midfacial or maxillary sinus dimensions (Shea, 1977)"
I don't know the reasons why Caucasoids do this one way, while Arctic Mongoloids do it another way. It might be that shape factor in the proto-Caucasoid or proto-Mongoloid population made one method work better than the other..
But why would "feminisation" lead to a broader (lower nasal index) and larger and more projecting nose (higher absolute nasal bone size) in Europeans than arctic Mongoloids? Climatic selection combined with leeway/randomness in whether it is the external or internal nose that gets narrower and/or larger, that seems much more likely to explain differences in nasal shape.
"(Similary, Asians, Europeans, Africans are only limitedly understood, at best, as neotenised versions of one another, in any directions. Sapiens are not neotenised Erectus. &c.)."
"Seems like vaporware."
No. Ashley Montagu and others are mostly correct; the patterns are as clear as day, unless one selectively ignores the evidence.
Sub-Saharans -- Less developed brain structure (convolutions), with cranial morphology more similar to ancient primates. Lack of complex language and behaviour compared to other modern humans. More paedomorphic features than archaic types, but less neotony overall compared to other races.
Europoid -- More radical mutations than all other hominins, more complex brain function, more paedomorphic features than Africans. More delicate bones than Africans (or Neanderthal for that matter). Maturation rates closer to mongoloids.
Mongoloid -- Even less robust skeletal structure than Europoids, less body hair and sex hormones, lower two-egg twinning rate, slower maturation, larger crania, and more paedomorphic features than other hominin.
Look at the genetic distance studies and Fst values...
The nose getting longer and narrower is not exactly a complicated thing for natural selection to manage, yet we are told that for Inuit (who undoubtedly are cold adapted) the quick fix never happened. Finns and Saami have shorter and broader noses that North Europeans who live in lower and warmer latitudes. How then can you continue to maintain that the long narrow nose of N. Europeans is cold adapted? Finns have robust physiques and broad-jawed robust faces, their short broad noses are just a reflection of the fact that Finns are robust.
As to robust skeletal structures, is there a place for African pygmies and Bushmen in this schema? Or smaller statured South Asian compared to European populations?
I don't even see what "two egg twinning rates" have to do with neoteny, exactly. That sounds like a random Rushton factoid that has nothing to do with neoteny..
the patterns are as clear as day, unless one selectively ignores the evidence.
First, Mongoloids don't have slower maturation, physically than Caucasoids
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072414561/16698/ch01.pdf
http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZPeMjYy65_sC&lpg=PA161&ots=Hr3HWx8B3v&dq=eveleth%20maturation%20asian%20tanner%20stage&pg=PA157#v=onepage&q&f=false
East Asians have slightly retarded development until puberty, relative to Europeans, but begin menarche and puberty earlier and develop faster through every stage, including skeletally. Perhaps they lag psychologically, but this isn't the case, physically.
Africans are just more advanced at every age.
Facially, Mongoloids have some less neotenous facial features, such as their taller, vertically larger and broader faces and relatively small and narrow orbits (compared to Caucasoids and Negroids). As well as more neotenised features, such as the flat nose and relatively projecting cheekbone. They may be neotenous compared to Caucasoids overall, but it does not their craniofacial shape very well.
Obviously, Negroids are facially neotenous overall, compared to Caucasoids, as in the paper I have given a citation of above. What's your response to this?
In terms of body shape, I suppose you could understand Asian limb lengths as neotenous. But climatic selection seems a better explanation, that climate specifically selected for those limb lengths, given that we already have Bergman and Allen's rules, than that they a side effect of an overall neotenous growth pattern (as per Montagu/Gould).
As to robust skeletal structures, is there a place for African pygmies and Bushmen in this schema? Or smaller statured South Asian compared to European populations? Or Homo Floresiensis?
I don't even see what "two egg twinning rates" have to do with neoteny, exactly. That sounds like a random Rushton r:K factoid that has nothing to do with neoteny..
Overall, other than brain size, most of the other aspects of neoteny that Montagu proposes, such as
- decreased body hair in Mongoloids (but not increased baldness in Caucasoids or decreased body hair in Africans relative to Caucasoids)
- Mongoloid (and Negroid) relatively flatter noses and chins and the short stature of Mongoloids,
all either questionably relevant to human evolution (the kind of oscillations in body hair we see among H Sap are nothing large for two different clades of chimps) or do not show, across human evolution, a neotenous pattern of shift in the Mongoloid direction (flatter noses and chins with more projecting malars and short stature).
My contention, to be clear, was not that there are no heterochronic differences between human populations. Obviously that wouldn't make be consistent with the paper I originally cited. Nor that one population could not be more "neotenous" or "accelerated" than another in the "final analysis".Nor, even that Homo Sapiens was not more neotenised than accelerated, compared its ancestral hominins (although that I would say, is contentious).
It was that trying to understand the differences between racial groups and between hominid groups in terms purely of establishing a ranking of neoteny and as a neotenic trend is a piss poor framework, particularly in terms of understanding actual selective pressures.
And that rather than this, heterochrony, and not always in a neotenous direction and not globally applied but generally affecting organs locally, should simply be seen as one method of "tinkering" in an evolutionary process which also involved non-heterochronic change.
Lots of people live at the lattitude of Europe, but they do not have the face shape of Europeans. If European womens' distictive face shape were the result of cold adaptation and random 'drift', they would look a lot worse than they actually do.
The nose getting longer and narrower is not exactly a complicated thing for natural selection to manage, yet we are told that for Inuit (who undoubtedly are cold adapted) the quick fix never happened.
If you'd read what I wrote, you'd see that the Inuit have narrow noses as measured by nasal index.
Also, how do you know that a narrower external nose is a "quick fix" compared to increasing the size of and narrowing the nasal conchae, exactly? Which is how the Inuit have evolved. Particularly from what was likely an proto-Mongoloid baseline.
Finns and Saami have shorter and broader noses that North Europeans who live in lower and warmer latitudes.
Interestingly, narrow and projecting noses are common in populations from the arid regions of West Eurasia as well. Most of the physical anthropology literature on nasal index stresses narrow noses as an adaption to the cold and dry, not just the cold, after all. E.g. see my Lieberman quoute - "cold, arid climates"
The difference with Finns may reflect that Finns have population elements which have been resident in the relatively humid Northern European northwest European plain, while other "Northern Europeans" have received more Mediterranean and West Asian gene flow. That would seem compatible with present autosomal evidence (I know Peter is skeptical, as am I, nonetheless...).
Classical physical anthropology, after all says, http://www.theapricity.com/snpa/chapter-VIII4.htm - "The Palaeolithic survivors were not notably leptorrhine; they were, in fact, much less so than the Nordics and others who followed them."
"In a study of variations of the size of the maxillary sinus, Shea noted that maxillary sinus capacity decreases absolutely and directly in the Inuit with decreases of the average ambient temperature in which they live"
Classical physical anthropology would say reduced surface area is cold adaptation. Inuit noses do not look like like Max Von Sydow's (long and thin, with a greater surface area and easily frostbitten). Inuits' adaptations to breathing cold air do not include noses that are remotely similar to the nose of von Sydow. So why did natural selection skip this simple adaptation, if a Sydow nose is adaptive in cold temperatures?
If European face shape is not due to sexual selection why do European women look so good ?
I give up.
Increased surface area to volume ratio is what anthropology normally suggests as cold adaptation, not decreased surface area.
I'm not saying European/Caucasoids are more or exactly as adapted to the cold than are Inuit, I'm saying they're more adapted to cold than are Africans, and that the Inuit and European/Caucasoids are both adapted to colder climates in different ways.
Having said that http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoloid - "Professor of anthropology at Trent University Ontario, Canada, Joseph K. So (Chinese: 蘇) (198) cited a study by J. T. Steegman (1965) that the "so-called" "cold-adapted Mongoloid face" has been shown in an experiment, using Japanese and European subjects, to not offer greater protection to frostbite."
Suggests that arctic Mongoloids may be more adapted to cold (or frostbite) than temperate Caucasoids and Mongoloids (of course, there are no arctic Caucasoids), who may not be better adapted to cold and frostbite than one another.
Found a reference for Steegman's experiments - http://tinyurl.com/dxcn7jc
"Dry cold stress, particularly frostbite stress, has been proposed as the selective force that led to the emergence of the Mongoloid face...
Protruding, thin features were thought to be more in danger of freezing...
Steegman (1972) tested this hypothesis in a laboratory using subjects of Asians and European descent, he found that the larger prominent malar bones of Asians got colder than the cheekbones of Europeans when subject to an air stream at 0c for 70 minutes...
Nose shape and prominence, furthermore, were unrelated to nasal temperature
The Mongoloid face then could not have been produced by selection through frostbite stress"
I see, so Anders Breivik's extremely broad face must be a coincidence. Like Jessica Alba's Danish mother and Scarlet Johanson's Danish father.
Non sequitors are always good when you can't be bothered to deal with the way an argument is going.
Well, Jessica Alba's mixed Danish/French Canadian mother is a looker, you've got me there -
http://crushable.com/files/2009/01/27282pcn_alba10.jpg
http://anythinghollywood.com/wp-content/2009/01/1_11_09_jessica_alba_0.jpg &
http://www1.pictures.fp.zimbio.com/Catherine+Alba+Jessica+Alba+Family+Spending+PqtJEUYw7Twl.jpg
Broad face or not broad face, what do you think?
Johanssen seems like she takes more after her Jewish mother than her Danish father, in the good looks department - http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-wb2d5hV5S8w/TWepvvfkluI/AAAAAAAAGVg/od1J-vpOBeA/s1600/karsten.jpg vs http://www.superiorpics.com/pictures/3C7V140558049.jpg- he seems like he has a typical, low, broad face to me.
What do you think about the old "facial index" maps like this one? http://www.theapricity.com/earlson/reeh/maps/mapix.jpg
Doesn't seem to indicate particularly narrow faces in Europeans (or Northern Europeans) compared to people around the Mediterranean. Or Danes particularly.
North Europeans expanded south-wards. Later Danes expanded into Britain where they expanded massively and made Britain great, the first modern state. Then Puritans (mainly from heavily Danish East Anglia) made the USA great. The N. Europeans are able to create such societies because they are less orientated toward male-male competition than other peoples. It is not surprising to me that, among popular actresses, Danish ancestry is disproportionately common. Erik's site reported a survey found British and Danish women are rated the most attractive. The Danes produce oddly feminine thought ie Keirkegaard (self negation), and they surrender after one air raid. No Dane stands comparison with the huge jawed Simo Häyhä.
Anders Breivik does have a very broad face.
Eskimos are heterogeneous, maybe surprisingly so, and it would be wise to look at the physical anthropological literature before assuming your mental picture's accurate. Are all of you aware, for instance, of how extremely dolichocephalic some eskimo populations are?
The N. Europeans are able to create such societies because they are less orientated toward male-male competition than other peoples.
Finnish society = train wreck of inter-male competition. Who knew?
And here was everyone thinking it was:
"Finland has recently ranked as one of the world's most peaceful, competitive and livable countries." - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland
Shame they aren't like the English with their crime rates, renowned across Europe as low.
This post almost takes the cake for how flimsy and bizarre your theories of sexual selection can get. You acknowledge blonde hair is widespread across the pacific and is even found at high frequencies in central Australia, yet home in on Papua New Guinea, an extraordinarily diverse country who's inhabitants have been isolated for millenia, and tie in present rates of child neglect (in this large, diverse island) to possible selection for blonde hair, which you then extrapolate to all of Oceania. Therefore, this is good evidence blonde children are less likely to be neglected (atleast if they're dark skinned), and Papuans (or Oceanians as a whole) selected for this.
This gem also really brought out the neurosis in Sean, one of your creepy fanboys, to prattle on about how robust and ugly and brown the Finns are because they've been tainted by subhuman mongoloids, and their violent dispositions, giving Finns, as I've now learned, have a "very high murder rate." And some kind of Danish supremacist (who also laments the sort of feminine thought they can produce.) Perhaps the autistic, schizoid nordicist Erik Holland of femininebeauty.info (also known as J Richards of Majorityrights, and who I assume is being favorably cited as "Erik's site) and his prediliction for trailer trashed bimbos as the height of femininity can also be seen as another downside of Danish hyperfemininity.
You also seem to think it very remarkable that blonde hair is lightest in children in Oceania, when this is the case for just about every case of light hair in the world, despite initially acknowledging it for europeans. Maybe it's just that light hair alleles that are lost after childhood are the most common, since it's not only the case in europeans and australo-melanesians, but also in populations like hmong and native peruvians, who never retain them beyond childhood. But I'm sure you'll be able to find some far-fetched sexual selection/neoteny theory to explain even those.
Still really like how you extrapolate modern child neglect in Papua New Guinea to the rest of the entire region, which includes many highly isolated, widely dispersed islands. And for the record: http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/gnxp/2012/05/case-closed-blonde-melanesians-understood/
"The study was a classic cases vs. controls GWAS. They looked at variants in a lot of people with the trait, vs. those without the trait. Additionally, if you check the supplements and read the text it's obvious there is no population straification. That is, having blonde hair is not correlated with a different ancestry in these Melanesian populations."
Child neglect everywhere, right?
"One possibility is child neglect. Papua New Guinea has a relatively high rate of child malnutrition—35% on average, with some regions having rates as high as 78%. Yet malnourished children are found in areas that have an apparent surplus of food. Lepowsky (1987, p. 75) notes that "the reported pattern of child malnutrition did not follow environmental or ecological patterns but cultural ones." The ultimate cause seems to be "maternal detachment":"
It would be helpful if you bothered to look up if these regions correlate with the frequency of blondism (or other light hair colors), but you don't, and it's doubtful they do, since light hair isn't terribly common even in papua new guinea from what I've seen. Other islands in Oceania have much higher rates, but it's a tad unlikely they also have such high rates of child neglect.
"In equatorial Oceania, the evolutionary path may have been both similar and different. As in Europe, there is an aesthetic preference for blond hair:"
I'm sorry, but isn't this just about Samoans? Aren't they a polynesian people? What do they have to do with papua new guinea, which is nearly 5,700 km from Samoa? Did it ever occur to you that most New Guineans don't have blonde hair (or any light hair for that matter) and that it isn't widespread throughout Oceania? I had no idea Samoans could exhibit light hair, but that quote is clearly about a reddish color and not blonde. It seems to be quite uncommon in Samoans, and Samoans are not that dark- how do you think this was selected for to some substantial degree?
Others have ripped into this post like crazy, yet you're silent after all this time. I was googling around for information on blonde hair in new guineans and I bet that's how the others arrived too on this obscure, pseudoscientific blog. I can't get over how utterly retarded this post is and even creepy, especially with that picture and header- yeah, that little boy's blonde hair is just a marker that cries out so his hideous black skin can be overlooked, right?
I'd be careful trying to get this published, people might end up thinking you're autistic or even sociopathic.
February 8, 2015 at 1:18:00 AM EST
Constructing the Greek state - part 2
The Greek debt crisis - part 1
Who were the ancestors of modern Europeans?


Where is the market for Bryce Harper? Whose dog did Manny Machado kick?
And how smart-plus-lucky do the Nationals look right now?
The Nats' offseason Plan B — to rebuild their roster on the assumption free agent Harper would leave — now has a chance to become an amazing A-plus.
This winter the Nats have added Patrick Corbin, Yan Gomes, Kurt Suzuki, Trevor Rosenthal, Anibal Sanchez, Kyle Barraclough, Matt Adams and, this week, Brian Dozier. What if Harper comes back to Washington, too?
What was unthinkable when the season ended, and kissed off as irrational by Nats principal owner Mark Lerner just five weeks ago, is now on the table.


text:
Home » World News » Why a sex offender from Winnipeg is residing in a correctional centre in Dartmouth
Why a sex offender from Winnipeg is residing in a correctional centre in Dartmouth
A convicted sex offender, assessed as being high-risk to re-offend, recently failed to return to the community centre he has been assigned to in Dartmouth.
Joshua James Turner has a lengthy history of violent sexual offences, all of which occurred in Winnipeg, Man.
However, as part of a 10-year Long Term Supervision Order (LTSO) that the court imposed on him due to the 'serious nature' of his criminal history, he must reside at a Community Correction Centre.
Although Winnipeg is thousands of kilometres away from Nova Scotia, he ended up being placed at the Jamieson Community Correctional Centre in Dartmouth.
"A thorough evaluation of all offenders is conducted and they are placed in facilities appropriate to their security and program needs," wrote Esther Mailhot, a spokesperson with the Correctional Service of Canada, in an emailed statement.
An on-camera interview with the Correctional Service of Canada regarding how communities are selected to accommodate offenders was not provided.
According to the emailed statement, a community-based residential facility selection committee, alongside community correctional centres, decided whether or not offenders will be accepted to live at different facilities or not.
If more than one community-based correctional facility is available in a community, the offender can identify a preferred location.
But that doesn't mean it will be granted.
"Occasionally, offenders can meet admission criteria to a certain facility and still be refused based on other criteria which can include previous behaviour while incarcerated or on a previous community release. Facilities may refuse accommodation of an offender that they feel would cause undue risk to their staff or other offenders residing in their facility," Mailhot wrote.
Questions on to whether or not Turner was turned down by community correctional centres in Manitoba before being placed in Nova Scotia were not answered.
While the Jamieson Community Correctional Centre is a federally owned and operated institution, the provincial government still plays a small role in informing the general public about high-risk offenders being released into the community.
"A lot of considerations are taken into account when we do release an individual's name, their photograph and perhaps their criminal history to the public because we have to weigh that public safety piece with privacy," Roger Merrick said, the provincial director of public safety and security.
As for Turner, public information led to him being rearrested.
According to his parole documents, Turner wasn't authorized to leave the facility because he doesn't have a support system and he is both 'manipulative and opportunistic when it comes to sexually oriented offending.'
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Facebook has a plethora of security and privacy controls to help control who can view your profile, what data apps have access to, and how your friends can share your information. Make this a rainy-day activity, or part of your spring/fall cleaning, to make sure your privacy and security settings are where you want them to be.
Facebook makes it easy to share everyday things with friends. Took a photo? Share with your friends. Read an interesting article? Post that link. Want to tell people what you are thinking? It's just one status update away. When sharing is that easy, we have to stop and consider exactly who we are sharing with. Are your privacy and security settings where you want them to be?
Facebook has a plethora of security and privacy controls to help control who can view your profile, what data apps have access to, and how your friends can share your information. Finding and setting appropriate privacy and security settings is still a little tricky, and many users wind up accidentally sharing information publicly that they intended only for their friends.
Considering how frequently Facebook tweaks its privacy and security controls, checking your settings on a regular basis is a good idea. Unfortunately, Facebook privacy is not one of those "set it once and forget it" things.
F-Secure this week introduced a new Facebook app Safe Profile which scans your user profile against ten important privacy settings and recommends changes. After scanning, it returns a safety score and an easy to read report on which items should be changed. It suggested restricting my photo albums, which were visible to friends of friends, and provided a link to page which contained the actual setting to change. I could also read the appropriate Facebook Help page.
Make this a rainy-day activity, or part of your spring/fall cleaning. Check out what apps have access to your Facebook profile by going to "Apps" under "Privacy Settings." Check the "Apps you use" section and remove applications you are no longer using. If you are still using the app, click on "edit" to make sure you are okay with the information the app is collecting and has access to.
It's also worth taking the time at this point to check the "Apps others use" setting. It turns out that it's not enough to be careful of what apps and games you install. The apps, games and websites your friends are using can also access your personal details, photos and updates. In this section, you can select which pieces of information your friends' apps can access. I went ahead and unchecked everything on my profile.
If I am not installing that app for myself, then there is no reason that app should be able to get my data just because my friends use it, right?
Your account is nice and clean. How do you keep it that way? A browser extension for Chrome, Firefox, and Safari called App Advisor may help. App Advisor calculates an overall reputation rating for Facebook apps with detailed information about what kind of user data that app requests.
Just take a look. Make sure you know who has access to your data on Facebook.