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Q: WSO2 proxy writing unlimited log files I have created a simple JMS to JMS proxy that listen to JMS from Glassfish sourceQueue and Send JMS to Active MQ targetQueue. Whenever I switchon the endpoint in WSO2 OR bring down the Active MQ and send a message to the sourceQueue, the system start writing unlimited log files that grows so quickly.
Here my proxy code and also underneath, I added the generated log file;
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<proxy xmlns="http://ws.apache.org/ns/synapse"
       name="JMS2JMSProxy2"
       transports="jms"
       statistics="disable"
       trace="disable"
       startOnLoad="true">
   <target>
      <inSequence>
         <property name="OUT_ONLY" value="true"/>
         <property name="ClientApiNonBlocking" scope="axis2" action="remove"/>
         <send>
            <endpoint key="ActiveMQ"/>
         </send>
         <log level="custom">
            <property name="Transaction Action" value="Committed"/>
         </log>
      </inSequence>
      <outSequence/>
      <faultSequence>
         <log level="custom">
            <property name="Transaction Action" value="Rollbacked"/>
         </log>
         <property name="SET_ROLLBACK_ONLY" value="true" scope="axis2"/>
      </faultSequence>
   </target>
   <parameter name="serviceType">proxy</parameter>
   <parameter name="transport.jms.Destination">GFQueue</parameter>
   <description/>
</proxy>

Here is the log file extract;
2014-05-07 16:22:52,451 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,451 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,457 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,458 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,458 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,459 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,467 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,467 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,468 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,468 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,476 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,476 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,477 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,477 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,485 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,485 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,486 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,486 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,494 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,494 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,495 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,495 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,500 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,500 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,503 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,503 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,508 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,508 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,509 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,509 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,514 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,515 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,515 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,515 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,523 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,523 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,524 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,524 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,534 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,534 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,535 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,535 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,540 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,541 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,541 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,542 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,547 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,547 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,550 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,550 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,556 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,556 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,557 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,557 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,567 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,568 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,568 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,569 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,575 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,575 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,575 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,575 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,583 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,583 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,584 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,584 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,592 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,592 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,593 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,593 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,601 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,601 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,602 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,602 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,608 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,608 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,610 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,610 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,615 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl: org.apache.synapse.mediators.MediatorFaultHandler
2014-05-07 16:22:52,616 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  WARN JMS2JMSProxy Executing fault sequence mediator : org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator
2014-05-07 16:22:52,618 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Rollbacked
2014-05-07 16:22:52,618 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy Transaction Action = Committed
2014-05-07 16:22:52,624 [-] [jms-Worker-9]  INFO JMS2JMSProxy FaultHandler executing impl:

Extract from Error log file;
2014-05-08 15:34:46,983 [-] [jms-Worker-1] ERROR JMSConnectionFactory Error acquiring a Connection from the JMS CF : default using properties : {java.naming.provider.url=tcp://localhost:61616, java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory, transport.jms.ConnectionFactoryType=queue, transport.jms.ConnectionFactoryJNDIName=QueueConnectionFactory}
javax.jms.JMSException: Could not connect to broker URL: tcp://localhost:61616. Reason: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at org.apache.activemq.util.JMSExceptionSupport.create(JMSExceptionSupport.java:35)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:283)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:227)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:175)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSUtils.createConnection(JMSUtils.java:629)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.createConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:319)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.getSharedConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:425)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.getConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:382)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageSender.<init>(JMSMessageSender.java:86)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSSender.sendMessage(JMSSender.java:123)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.AbstractTransportSender.invoke(AbstractTransportSender.java:112)
    at org.apache.axis2.engine.AxisEngine.send(AxisEngine.java:442)
    at org.apache.axis2.description.OutOnlyAxisOperationClient.executeImpl(OutOnlyAxisOperation.java:297)
    at org.apache.axis2.client.OperationClient.execute(OperationClient.java:149)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2FlexibleMEPClient.send(Axis2FlexibleMEPClient.java:482)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2Sender.sendOn(Axis2Sender.java:59)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2SynapseEnvironment.send(Axis2SynapseEnvironment.java:338)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.AbstractEndpoint.send(AbstractEndpoint.java:333)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.AddressEndpoint.send(AddressEndpoint.java:59)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.IndirectEndpoint.send(IndirectEndpoint.java:54)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.builtin.SendMediator.mediate(SendMediator.java:97)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.mediate(AbstractListMediator.java:77)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.mediate(AbstractListMediator.java:47)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator.mediate(SequenceMediator.java:131)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.ProxyServiceMessageReceiver.receive(ProxyServiceMessageReceiver.java:166)
    at org.apache.axis2.engine.AxisEngine.receive(AxisEngine.java:180)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.AbstractTransportListener.handleIncomingMessage(AbstractTransportListener.java:328)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageReceiver.processThoughEngine(JMSMessageReceiver.java:200)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageReceiver.onMessage(JMSMessageReceiver.java:122)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.ServiceTaskManager$MessageListenerTask.handleMessage(ServiceTaskManager.java:535)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.ServiceTaskManager$MessageListenerTask.run(ServiceTaskManager.java:438)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.threads.NativeWorkerPool$1.run(NativeWorkerPool.java:172)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.waitForConnect(Native Method)
    at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(DualStackPlainSocketImpl.java:85)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:172)
    at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.tcp.TcpTransport.connect(TcpTransport.java:435)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.tcp.TcpTransport.doStart(TcpTransport.java:401)
    at org.apache.activemq.util.ServiceSupport.start(ServiceSupport.java:53)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.WireFormatNegotiator.start(WireFormatNegotiator.java:72)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:263)
    ... 33 more
2014-05-08 15:34:47,138 [-] [jms-Worker-1] ERROR Axis2Sender Unexpected error during sending message out
org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.AxisJMSException: Error acquiring a Connection from the JMS CF : default using properties : {java.naming.provider.url=tcp://localhost:61616, java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory, transport.jms.ConnectionFactoryType=queue, transport.jms.ConnectionFactoryJNDIName=QueueConnectionFactory}
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.handleException(JMSConnectionFactory.java:248)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.createConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:330)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.getSharedConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:425)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.getConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:382)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageSender.<init>(JMSMessageSender.java:86)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSSender.sendMessage(JMSSender.java:123)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.AbstractTransportSender.invoke(AbstractTransportSender.java:112)
    at org.apache.axis2.engine.AxisEngine.send(AxisEngine.java:442)
    at org.apache.axis2.description.OutOnlyAxisOperationClient.executeImpl(OutOnlyAxisOperation.java:297)
    at org.apache.axis2.client.OperationClient.execute(OperationClient.java:149)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2FlexibleMEPClient.send(Axis2FlexibleMEPClient.java:482)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2Sender.sendOn(Axis2Sender.java:59)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2SynapseEnvironment.send(Axis2SynapseEnvironment.java:338)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.AbstractEndpoint.send(AbstractEndpoint.java:333)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.AddressEndpoint.send(AddressEndpoint.java:59)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.IndirectEndpoint.send(IndirectEndpoint.java:54)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.builtin.SendMediator.mediate(SendMediator.java:97)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.mediate(AbstractListMediator.java:77)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.mediate(AbstractListMediator.java:47)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator.mediate(SequenceMediator.java:131)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.ProxyServiceMessageReceiver.receive(ProxyServiceMessageReceiver.java:166)
    at org.apache.axis2.engine.AxisEngine.receive(AxisEngine.java:180)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.AbstractTransportListener.handleIncomingMessage(AbstractTransportListener.java:328)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageReceiver.processThoughEngine(JMSMessageReceiver.java:200)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageReceiver.onMessage(JMSMessageReceiver.java:122)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.ServiceTaskManager$MessageListenerTask.handleMessage(ServiceTaskManager.java:535)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.ServiceTaskManager$MessageListenerTask.run(ServiceTaskManager.java:438)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.threads.NativeWorkerPool$1.run(NativeWorkerPool.java:172)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: javax.jms.JMSException: Could not connect to broker URL: tcp://localhost:61616. Reason: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at org.apache.activemq.util.JMSExceptionSupport.create(JMSExceptionSupport.java:35)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:283)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:227)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:175)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSUtils.createConnection(JMSUtils.java:629)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.createConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:319)
    ... 29 more
Caused by: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.waitForConnect(Native Method)
    at java.net.DualStackPlainSocketImpl.socketConnect(DualStackPlainSocketImpl.java:85)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.doConnect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:339)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connectToAddress(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:200)
    at java.net.AbstractPlainSocketImpl.connect(AbstractPlainSocketImpl.java:182)
    at java.net.PlainSocketImpl.connect(PlainSocketImpl.java:172)
    at java.net.SocksSocketImpl.connect(SocksSocketImpl.java:392)
    at java.net.Socket.connect(Socket.java:579)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.tcp.TcpTransport.connect(TcpTransport.java:435)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.tcp.TcpTransport.doStart(TcpTransport.java:401)
    at org.apache.activemq.util.ServiceSupport.start(ServiceSupport.java:53)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.WireFormatNegotiator.start(WireFormatNegotiator.java:72)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.transport.TransportFilter.start(TransportFilter.java:57)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:263)
    ... 33 more
2014-05-08 15:34:47,158 [-] [jms-Worker-1]  WARN ProxyServiceMessageReceiver Executing fault handler due to exception encountered
2014-05-08 15:34:47,228 [-] [jms-Worker-1]  WARN FaultHandler ERROR_CODE : 0
2014-05-08 15:34:47,228 [-] [jms-Worker-1]  WARN FaultHandler ERROR_MESSAGE : Unexpected error during sending message out
2014-05-08 15:34:47,228 [-] [jms-Worker-1]  WARN FaultHandler ERROR_DETAIL : org.apache.synapse.SynapseException: Unexpected error during sending message out
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2Sender.handleException(Axis2Sender.java:172)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2Sender.sendOn(Axis2Sender.java:71)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2SynapseEnvironment.send(Axis2SynapseEnvironment.java:338)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.AbstractEndpoint.send(AbstractEndpoint.java:333)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.AddressEndpoint.send(AddressEndpoint.java:59)
    at org.apache.synapse.endpoints.IndirectEndpoint.send(IndirectEndpoint.java:54)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.builtin.SendMediator.mediate(SendMediator.java:97)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.mediate(AbstractListMediator.java:77)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.AbstractListMediator.mediate(AbstractListMediator.java:47)
    at org.apache.synapse.mediators.base.SequenceMediator.mediate(SequenceMediator.java:131)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.ProxyServiceMessageReceiver.receive(ProxyServiceMessageReceiver.java:166)
    at org.apache.axis2.engine.AxisEngine.receive(AxisEngine.java:180)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.AbstractTransportListener.handleIncomingMessage(AbstractTransportListener.java:328)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageReceiver.processThoughEngine(JMSMessageReceiver.java:200)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageReceiver.onMessage(JMSMessageReceiver.java:122)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.ServiceTaskManager$MessageListenerTask.handleMessage(ServiceTaskManager.java:535)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.ServiceTaskManager$MessageListenerTask.run(ServiceTaskManager.java:438)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.threads.NativeWorkerPool$1.run(NativeWorkerPool.java:172)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1145)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:615)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:744)
Caused by: org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.AxisJMSException: Error acquiring a Connection from the JMS CF : default using properties : {java.naming.provider.url=tcp://localhost:61616, java.naming.factory.initial=org.apache.activemq.jndi.ActiveMQInitialContextFactory, transport.jms.ConnectionFactoryType=queue, transport.jms.ConnectionFactoryJNDIName=QueueConnectionFactory}
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.handleException(JMSConnectionFactory.java:248)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.createConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:330)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.getSharedConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:425)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.getConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:382)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSMessageSender.<init>(JMSMessageSender.java:86)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSSender.sendMessage(JMSSender.java:123)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.base.AbstractTransportSender.invoke(AbstractTransportSender.java:112)
    at org.apache.axis2.engine.AxisEngine.send(AxisEngine.java:442)
    at org.apache.axis2.description.OutOnlyAxisOperationClient.executeImpl(OutOnlyAxisOperation.java:297)
    at org.apache.axis2.client.OperationClient.execute(OperationClient.java:149)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2FlexibleMEPClient.send(Axis2FlexibleMEPClient.java:482)
    at org.apache.synapse.core.axis2.Axis2Sender.sendOn(Axis2Sender.java:59)
    ... 19 more
Caused by: javax.jms.JMSException: Could not connect to broker URL: tcp://localhost:61616. Reason: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused: connect
    at org.apache.activemq.util.JMSExceptionSupport.create(JMSExceptionSupport.java:35)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:283)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createActiveMQConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:227)
    at org.apache.activemq.ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createConnection(ActiveMQConnectionFactory.java:175)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSUtils.createConnection(JMSUtils.java:629)
    at org.apache.axis2.transport.jms.JMSConnectionFactory.createConnection(JMSConnectionFactory.java:319)
    ... 29 more

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Liaocheng University () is a comprehensive university located in Liaocheng City, Shandong Province, China.

History
The university was established in 1974 as Shandong Teachers College (Liaocheng Branch). In 1981, the Liaocheng Branch was renamed to Liaocheng Teachers College. In 2002, after approval of the Ministry of Education, the university adopted its present name, Liaocheng University.

Administration
The university is composed of the following faculties.

Faculty structure
 School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
 School of Literature
 School of Politics and Law
 School of Business
 School of History and Culture
 School of Foreign Languages
 School of Mathematics Science
 School of Physics Science and Information Engineering
 School of Education Science
 School of Physical Education
 School of Art
 School of Management
 School of Materials Science and Engineering
 School of Life Science
 School of Educational Technology and Mass Medium
 School of Environment and Planning
 School of Computer Science
 School of Agricultural Science
 School of Automobile and Transportation Engineering
 Dongchang College
 School of International Education
 College of Continual Education

References

External links
Liaocheng University

Educational institutions established in 1974
Universities and colleges in Shandong

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


ABOVE VIDEO: Paul Azinger Won 11 Tournaments In A Seven-Year Span On The PGA Tour, Including The 1993 PGA Championship At The Inverness Club In Ohio.
Paul Azinger did not come to Brevard Community College with a championship golf pedigree. In fact, he was not even A-Team material back when he arrived in the fall of 1978.
While born in Massachusetts, he played high school golf at Sarasota High School.
He had been playing since he was five years old, but didn't break 40 throughout his senior year.
Following high school, a buddy was offered a full ride at BCC, which had won three consecutive junior college national championships. So Azinger tagged along and got a walk-on role.
In his first year, he won one match play event, which earned some notice from head coach, Jim Suttie. But it was the following summer that turned Paul Azinger's game around.
He scored a job at Bay Hill, working as a counselor at the Arnold Palmer Golf Academy. Though he made a little cash, the real bonus was unlimited golf at the renowned Central Florida course.
He came back to BCC for his sophomore year as one of the team's top players. That year, he made his mark on the junior college circuit by winning Golfweek's Florida State Amateur Match Play Championship.
Azinger left Brevard after his sophomore year with a scholarship spot at Florida State University.
He was named the team's Most Valuable Player in his one season as a Seminole and turned pro in 1981.
He won 11 tournaments in a seven-year span on the PGA Tour, which included his one major title – the 1993 PGA Championship at the Inverness Club in Ohio.
He birdied four of the final seven holes on Sunday to tie Greg Norman after 72 holes.
He then bested Norman in the second hole of a sudden-death playoff.
Shortly after his PGA victory, Azinger was diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma in his right shoulder. He attacked the disease like he attacked the golf course.
After six months of chemotherapy and an additional five weeks of radiation, he was once again a winner – this time against cancer. His book – Zinger – chronicled his fight against the disease.
While, he won once more on the tour in 2000, the culmination of his professional career occurred in 2008 when he captained the US Ryder Cup team to their first victory over Europe in 10 years.
Azinger and psychologist Ron Braund later penned, Cracking the Code: The Winning Ryder Cup Strategy: Make it Work for You – about their strategy on building that winning team.
"Inspired by team-building techniques used by Navy SEALS, I divided the 12-man team into small groups, or pods. I placed golfers based on their personality types, rather than their golf games," Azinger says on his website.
While no longer in competitive golf, Azinger still loves to win – only now it is at the poker table and playing foosball.
He is also a longtime golf analyst for ESPN and ABC Sports.


text:
Weekly RoundUp July 01, 2021
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House Votes to Repeal OCC True Lender Rule
In This Issue. The House of Representatives voted to pass a Congressional Review Act resolution repealing the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency's (OCC) "true lender" rule; the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) issued a final rule to protect mortgage borrowers as they exit forbearance and published its 2020 examination highlights; the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) announced that Gurbir S. Grewal has been appointed Director of the Division of Enforcement; and federal financial regulators released an interagency statement to provide clarity regarding the Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism national priorities implementation. These and other developments are discussed in more detail below.
The Roundup will be on hiatus next week due to the July 4 holiday, as we celebrate our nation's independence. We will resume publication on Thursday, July 15.
Regulatory Developments
On June 24, the US House of Representatives voted 218-208 along party lines to pass a Congressional Review Act resolution repealing the OCC's "true lender" rule, which was finalized in October of last year. The Senate passed the resolution in May and it now goes to the desk of President Biden, who is expected to sign it and complete the repeal. Democrats had excoriated the rule as promoting predatory lending, while Republicans had defended it, arguing that the rule created a regulatory framework that provided certainty as to the validity of loans originated by responsible bank-fintech partnerships, which in turn would have tangible benefits for borrowers seeking affordable access to credit and to market participants.
CFPB Issues Final Rule to Protect Mortgage Borrowers as They Exit Forbearance
On June 28, the CFPB issued the 2021 Mortgage Servicing COVID-19 Rule (2021 Rule) – a final rule amending Regulation X to assist borrowers affected by the COVID-19 emergency. The 2021 Rule establishes temporary provisions that (1) require special COVID-19 loss mitigation procedural safeguards to ensure that a borrower has a meaningful opportunity to apply for loss mitigation before the mortgage account is referred to foreclosure after national foreclosure moratoria have ended; (2) provide servicers the ability to offer borrowers certain COVID-19-related streamlined loan modifications without a complete loss mitigation application; (3) require the provision of additional information promptly after early intervention live contacts are established with certain delinquent borrowers; and (4) establish timing requirements for when servicers must renew reasonable diligence efforts to obtain complete loss mitigation applications from certain borrowers.
Servicers will still be permitted to initiate foreclosures if the borrower (1) has abandoned the property; (2) was more than 120 days behind on their mortgage before March 1, 2020; (3) is more than 120 days behind on their mortgage payments and has not responded to specific required outreach from the mortgage servicer for 90 days; or (4) has been evaluated for all options other than foreclosure and there are no available options to avoid foreclosure.
The 2021 Rule applies to a mortgage loan secured by the borrower's principal residence but does not apply to reverse mortgages and generally excludes small servicers. Although the 2021 Rule becomes effective August 31, 2021, the CFPB does not intend to take action against servicers that choose to implement it sooner.
CFPB Releases Supervisory Highlights from 2020 Examinations
On June 29, the CFPB released the 24th edition of its Supervisory Highlights. The findings included in the report cover examinations in the areas of auto servicing, consumer reporting, debt collection, deposits, fair lending, mortgage origination, mortgage servicing, payday lending, private education loan origination and student loan servicing that were completed between January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2020.
"The Enforcement Division has a critical role to play in finding and punishing violations of the law. I'm excited to get to work with the talented team of public servants to uncover and prosecute misconduct and protect investors."
– SEC Director of Division Enforcement Gurbir S. Grewel
SEC Appoints New Director of Enforcement
On June 26, the SEC announced that Gurbir S. Grewal has been appointed Director of the Division of Enforcement. Mr. Grewal currently serves as Attorney General for the State of New Jersey, a role he has held since January 2018. He will assume the leadership role from Melissa Hodgman, who has served as the Enforcement Division's Acting Director since the unexpected resignation of Director Alex Oh days after her appointment amid criticism of her work as a private practice corporate defense attorney. Mr. Grewal's appointment becomes effective on July 26, 2021.
Federal Regulators Issue Interagency Statement on AML/Countering the Financing of Terrorism National Priorities
On June 29, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Federal Reserve), OCC, National Credit Union Administration, state bank and credit union regulators, and US Department of the Treasury's Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) issued a statement to provide clarity regarding the Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT) national priorities (Priorities) implementation.
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020 (AML Act) requires the Secretary of the Treasury to establish and make public AML/CFT Priorities. The AML Act also requires FinCEN to promulgate regulations regarding the AML/CFT Priorities, which it published on June 30, 2021. The publication of the AML/CFT Priorities does not create an immediate change to BSA requirements for banks. Although not required by the AML Act, the federal banking agencies plan to amend their BSA compliance program rules, as necessary, to incorporate the AML/CFT Priorities. The statement confirms that examiners will not examine banks for the incorporation of the AML/CFT Priorities into their risk-based BSA programs until the effective date of final revised regulations.
FinCEN to Move Forward with No-Action Letter Rulemaking
On June 28, FinCEN completed a report on its assessment of whether to establish a process for the issuance of no-action letters in response to inquiries concerning the application of the Bank Secrecy Act and other anti-money laundering and countering the financing of terrorism laws to specific conduct. In the report, which is required by Section 6305 of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, FinCEN concluded that it should propose rules to create a process for issuing no-action letters in addition to its current forms of regulatory guidance and relief, with the timing subject to resource limitations and competing priorities. In a statement, FinCEN said "A no-action letter process would be a useful complement to its current forms of regulatory guidance and relief. FinCEN looks forward to continuing to engage with our government partners and the public during a future rulemaking process to ensure all constructive feedback is considered on this important issue."
Agencies Release List of Distressed or Underserved Nonmetropolitan Middle-Income Geographies
On June 25, the Federal Reserve and FDIC announced the availability of the 2021 list of distressed or underserved nonmetropolitan middle-income geographies. These are geographic areas where revitalization or stabilization activities are eligible to receive Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) consideration under the community development definition.
MDOB Publishes 2020 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Banks
On June 24, the Massachusetts Division of Banks published the 2020 Annual Report of the Commissioner of Banks. The report denotes agency achievements, provides a snapshot of the financial industry regulated by the Division, and showcases the Division's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Litigation and Enforcement
The Supreme Court Provides Guidance on the Standard for Deciding Price Impact at Class Certification in Securities Fraud Cases
In Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. v. Arkansas Teacher Retirement System, the US Supreme Court answered two important questions regarding the standards that govern class certification in securities fraud actions, affirming the majority views of courts below. Those questions relate to proving whether alleged misrepresentations affected the defendant's stock price, a concept known as price impact. The Court held that (1) the generic nature of the alleged misrepresentations should be considered in deciding price impact, even though that evidence also is relevant to the subsequent merits stage of the case; and (2) a defendant opposing class certification bears the burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence a lack of price impact of the alleged misrepresentations.
Read the client alert for additional background on the case and the impact of the Goldman decision.
Check Out Goodwin's Latest Industry Insights
FinReg + Policy Watch Blog
Stay on top of developments affecting the financial services community.
LenderLaw Watch Blog
Stay on top of news and legal issues in the consumer finance industry.
Consumer Finance Enforcement Watch Blog
Stay on top of enforcement actions, trends and issues.
Digital Currency + Blockchain Perspectives Blog
Stay on top of digital currency industry news, regulatory developments and issues.
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OCC Seeks Feedback on Principles for Climate-Related Financial Risk Management
SEC Proposes New Round of Money Market Fund Reforms
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


انتشارات بریل کتاب «در سایه ی کلیسا: ساخت مساجد در اوایل سوریه ی قرون وسطی» را در نوامبر 2016 منتشر کرده است.
In his book In the Shadow of the Church: The Building of Mosques in Early Medieval Syria Mattia Guidetti examines the establishment of Muslim religious architecture within the Christian context in which it first appeared in the Syrian region, contributing to the debate on the transformation of late antique society to a Muslim one. He scrutinizes the slow process of conversion to Islam of the most important town centers by looking at religious places of both communities between the seventh and the eleventh century. The author assesses the relevancy of churches by analyzing the location of mosques and by researching phenomena of transfer of marble material from churches to mosques.


text:
Performance Summary
RNS Releases
PLC Statutory Notices
Bump 50:50 Celebrates Signing One Hundredth Non-profit Charity Client
Provider of digital fundraising raffles celebrates rapid growth with non-profit charitable organizations not affiliated with sports team foundations.
Bump 50:50, a division of Sportech PLC and provider of digital fundraising raffle solutions, is thrilled to announce that it has reached an important milestone with the signing of its one hundredth new client partner in the non-sports related non-profit sector.
50/50 raffles have long been a popular form of fundraising but Bump 50:50 has elevated the raffle experience, developing digital platforms and proven strategies to maximize fundraising. The Bump solution has helped the foundations associated with some of the biggest names in professional and collegiate sports generate tens of millions of dollars annually.
Expanding beyond their traditional on-site arena and stadium 50/50 raffles, BUMP 50:50 has very effectively added internet and mobile fundraising options, including weekly progressive raffles such as the popular Catch the Ace and Queen of Hearts, in the last year. This very timely expansion has elevated many non-profit partners that were very affected by the onset and aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and the cancellation of vital in-person fundraising events.
These online raffles are perfect for non-profit organizations who do not hold large gatherings like games and festivals but who wish to use digital raffles to drive donor engagement and raise needed funds to support their charitable missions. Additionally, these digital raffle options will augment upcoming in-person events as conditions continue to improve in coming months.
Having reached this important milestone of one hundred new non-profit charity clients in just over one year, Bump is helping non-profits of all types and sizes who are serving the public in human services, healthcare, youth programs, the arts and civic organizations crush their fundraising goals.
Dave Kurland, President of Bump 50:50, said: "I am immensely proud of the Bump 50:50 team as we reach this key milestone. We developed our web, mobile and in-person raffle solutions with the goal of helping our partners find engaging and innovative ways to reach new audiences and give their fans, followers and donors simple ways to help do good for others. We are thrilled to welcome all of our new non-profit partners to the Bump family and are committed to working hard every day to help them continue their good works."
Bump's fundraising raffle solution offers non-profit charities flexible options for fundraising including 50/50 "split the pot" raffles, a "progressive jackpot" raffle (known alternatively as a Queen of Hearts or Catch the Ace raffle) that can grow over time to create excitement and engagement from donors, and prize raffles that allow organizations to offer goods rather than a share of the fundraising jackpot.
Contributors get more from their donation, with fun and exciting ways to participate; always with the knowledge that their favourite non-profit charity will receive 50 percent of the donation to fund their work and that one lucky donor will receive the payback of a lifetime with potential million dollar jackpots.
About Sportech's Bump 50:50
Bump provides technologies and services that allow foundations, many affiliated with professional and collegiate sports teams, and non-profit philanthropic organizations to offer innovative digital raffle programs in stadiums and online. Charitable raffles harness the passion of sports and entertainment to help foundations raise funds to support their philanthropic missions. The raffle winners and the foundations share the net raffle proceeds equally, making both partners in the success of the program. On February 1, 2021, Sportech PLC announced that it has entered into a conditional agreement to sell the Bump business to Canadian Bank Note Company, Limited. The sale is expected to conclude in the second quarter of 2021. For more information about Bump, visit www.sportech.net.
April 26, 2021 Sportech PLC News
Sportech Announces Departure of CCO Julian Bewley
Calgary Flames Foundation Selects Bump 50:50 as New Digital Raffle Solution Provider
Bump 50:50 Celebrates the Chicago Blackhawks Foundation's $1 Million Jackpot Milestone
Sportech Extends Agreement with Danske Spil
About Sportech
Sportech PLC is a trusted participant in the global gaming technology sector, providing technology and service solutions for lotteries and gaming companies and owning and operating gaming venues in the USA.
Sportech PLC
Collins House
Rutland Square
© 2020 Sportech PLC Registered in Scotland SC069140
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text:
(Redirected from Wine grape)
This article is about the fruits of the genus Vitis. For the European grapevine, see Vitis vinifera. For other uses, see Grape (disambiguation).
"White" table grapes
A grape is a fruit, botanically a berry, of the deciduous woody vines of the flowering plant genus Vitis.
Grapes can be eaten fresh as table grapes or they can be used for making wine, jam, grape juice, jelly, grape seed extract, raisins, vinegar, and grape seed oil. Grapes are a non-climacteric type of fruit, generally occurring in clusters.
Grapes, red or green
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
288 kJ (69 kcal)
Quantity %DV†
Thiamine (B1)
Riboflavin (B2)
0.07 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)
Folate (B9)
2 μg
14.6 μg
Other constituents
Link to USDA Database entry
μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams
IU = International units
†Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.
Source: USDA Nutrient Database
3 Grapevines
4 Distribution and production
5 Table and wine grapes
6 Seedless grapes
7 Raisins, currants and sultanas
8 Juice
9 Pomace and phytochemicals
9.1 Skin
9.2 Seeds
9.3 Resveratrol
10 Health claims
10.1 French paradox
10.2 Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs
11 Use in religion
The cultivation of the domesticated grape began 6,000–8,000 years ago in the Near East.[1] Yeast, one of the earliest domesticated microorganisms, occurs naturally on the skins of grapes, leading to the discovery of alcoholic drinks such as wine. The earliest archeological evidence for a dominant position of wine-making in human culture dates from 8,000 years ago in Georgia.[2][3][4]
The oldest known winery was found in Armenia, dating to around 4000 BC.[5] By the 9th century AD the city of Shiraz was known to produce some of the finest wines in the Middle East. Thus it has been proposed that Syrah red wine is named after Shiraz, a city in Persia where the grape was used to make Shirazi wine.[6]
Ancient Egyptian hieroglyphics record the cultivation of purple grapes, and history attests to the ancient Greeks, Phoenicians, and Romans growing purple grapes both for eating and wine production.[7] The growing of grapes would later spread to other regions in Europe, as well as North Africa, and eventually in North America.
In North America, native grapes belonging to various species of the genus Vitis proliferate in the wild across the continent, and were a part of the diet of many Native Americans, but were considered by early European colonists to be unsuitable for wine. In the 19th century, Ephraim Bull of Concord, Massachusetts, cultivated seeds from wild Vitis labrusca vines to create the Concord grape which would become an important agricultural crop in the United States.[8]
Grapes are a type of fruit that grow in clusters of 15 to 300, and can be crimson, black, dark blue, yellow, green, orange, and pink. "White" grapes are actually green in color, and are evolutionarily derived from the purple grape. Mutations in two regulatory genes of white grapes turn off production of anthocyanins, which are responsible for the color of purple grapes.[9] Anthocyanins and other pigment chemicals of the larger family of polyphenols in purple grapes are responsible for the varying shades of purple in red wines.[10][11] Grapes are typically an ellipsoid shape resembling a prolate spheroid.
Grapevines
Main article: Vitis
Concord is a variety of North American labrusca grape
Most grapes come from cultivars of Vitis vinifera, the European grapevine native to the Mediterranean and Central Asia. Minor amounts of fruit and wine come from American and Asian species such as:
Vitis amurensis, the most important Asian species
Vitis labrusca, the North American table and grape juice grapevines (including the Concord cultivar), sometimes used for wine, are native to the Eastern United States and Canada.
Vitis mustangensis, (the mustang grape) found in Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma
Vitis riparia, a wild vine of North America, is sometimes used for winemaking and for jam. It is native to the entire Eastern U.S. and north to Quebec.
Vitis rotundifolia (the muscadines) used for jams and wine, are native to the Southeastern United States from Delaware to the Gulf of Mexico.
Distribution and production
Top 20 grape producing countries in 2012.[12]
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 75,866 square kilometers of the world are dedicated to grapes. Approximately 71% of world grape production is used for wine, 27% as fresh fruit, and 2% as dried fruit. A portion of grape production goes to producing grape juice to be reconstituted for fruits canned "with no added sugar" and "100% natural". The area dedicated to vineyards is increasing by about 2% per year.
There are no reliable statistics that break down grape production by variety. It is believed that the most widely planted variety is Sultana, also known as Thompson Seedless, with at least 3,600 km2 (880,000 acres) dedicated to it. The second most common variety is Airén. Other popular varieties include Cabernet Sauvignon, Sauvignon blanc, Cabernet Franc, Merlot, Grenache, Tempranillo, Riesling, and Chardonnay.[13]
Top producers of grapes for wine making, by area planted
Spain 11,750
France 8,640
Turkey 8,120
Iran 2,860
Romania 2,480
Portugal 2,160
Argentina 2,080
Chile 1,840
Armenia 1,459
Top grape producing countries by years
(in metric tons)
1 China 8,038,703 8,651,831 9,174,280 9,600,000 F
2 United States 6,629,198 6,777,731 6,756,449 6,661,820
3 Italy 8,242,500 7,787,800 7,115,500 5,819,010
4 France 6,101,525 5,794,433 6,588,904 5,338,512
5 Spain 5,535,333 6,107,617 5,809,315 5,238,300
6 Turkey 4,264,720 4,255,000 4,296,351 4,275,659
7 Chile 2,600,000 2,903,000 3,149,380 3,200,000 F
8 Argentina 2,181,567 2,616,613 2,750,000 2,800,000 F
9 Iran 2,305,000 2,225,000 2,240,000 2,150,000 F
10 South Africa 1,748,590 1,743,496 1,683,927 1,839,030
— World 58,521,410 58,292,101 58,500,118 67,067,128
Source: UN Food & Agriculture Organization[14] (F=FAO estimate)
Table and wine grapes
Wine grapes on the vine
Commercially cultivated grapes can usually be classified as either table or wine grapes, based on their intended method of consumption: eaten raw (table grapes) or used to make wine (wine grapes). While almost all of them belong to the same species, Vitis vinifera, table and wine grapes have significant differences, brought about through selective breeding. Table grape cultivars tend to have large, seedless fruit (see below) with relatively thin skin. Wine grapes are smaller, usually seeded, and have relatively thick skins (a desirable characteristic in winemaking, since much of the aroma in wine comes from the skin). Wine grapes also tend to be very sweet: they are harvested at the time when their juice is approximately 24% sugar by weight. By comparison, commercially produced "100% grape juice", made from table grapes, is usually around 15% sugar by weight.[15]
Seedless cultivars now make up the overwhelming majority of table grape plantings. Because grapevines are vegetatively propagated by cuttings, the lack of seeds does not present a problem for reproduction. It is an issue for breeders, who must either use a seeded variety as the female parent or rescue embryos early in development using tissue culture techniques.
There are several sources of the seedlessness trait, and essentially all commercial cultivators get it from one of three sources: Thompson Seedless, Russian Seedless, and Black Monukka, all being cultivars of Vitis vinifera. There are currently more than a dozen varieties of seedless grapes. Several, such as Einset Seedless, Benjamin Gunnels's Prime seedless grapes, Reliance, and Venus, have been specifically cultivated for hardiness and quality in the relatively cold climates of northeastern United States and southern Ontario.[16]
An offset to the improved eating quality of seedlessness is the loss of potential health benefits provided by the enriched phytochemical content of grape seeds (see Health claims, below).[17][18]
Raisins, currants and sultanas
Main article: Raisin
In most of Europe and North America, dried grapes are referred to as "raisins" or the local equivalent. In the UK, three different varieties are recognized, forcing the EU to use the term "dried vine fruit" in official documents.
A raisin is any dried grape. While raisin is a French loanword, the word in French refers to the fresh fruit; grappe (from which the English grape is derived) refers to the bunch (as in une grappe de raisins).
A currant is a dried Zante Black Corinth grape, the name being a corruption of the French raisin de Corinthe (Corinth grape). Currant has also come to refer to the blackcurrant and redcurrant, two berries unrelated to grapes.
A sultana was originally a raisin made from Sultana grapes of Turkish origin (known as Thompson Seedless in the United States), but the word is now applied to raisins made from either white grapes or red grapes that are bleached to resemble the traditional sultana.
Grape juice
Main article: Grape juice
Grape juice is obtained from crushing and blending grapes into a liquid. The juice is often sold in stores or fermented and made into wine, brandy, or vinegar. Grape juice that has been pasteurized, removing any naturally occurring yeast, will not ferment if kept sterile, and thus contains no alcohol. In the wine industry, grape juice that contains 7–23% of pulp, skins, stems and seeds is often referred to as "must". In North America, the most common grape juice is purple and made from Concord grapes, while white grape juice is commonly made from Niagara grapes, both of which are varieties of native American grapes, a different species from European wine grapes. In California, Sultana (known there as Thompson Seedless) grapes are sometimes diverted from the raisin or table market to produce white juice.[19]
Pomace and phytochemicals
Winemaking from red and white grape flesh and skins produces substantial quantities of organic residues, collectively called pomace (also "marc"), which includes crushed skins, seeds, stems, and leaves generally used as compost.[20] Grape pomace – some 10-30% of the total mass of grapes crushed – contains various phytochemicals, such as unfermented sugars, alcohol, polyphenols, tannins, anthocyanins, and numerous other compounds, some of which are harvested and extracted for commercial applications (a process sometimes called "valorization" of the pomace).[20][21]
Grape cross-section
Anthocyanins tend to be the main polyphenolics in purple grapes, whereas flavan-3-ols (i.e. catechins) are the more abundant class of polyphenols in white varieties.[22] Total phenolic content is higher in purple varieties due almost entirely to anthocyanin density in purple grape skin compared to absence of anthocyanins in white grape skin.[22] Phenolic content of grape skin varies with cultivar, soil composition, climate, geographic origin, and cultivation practices or exposure to diseases, such as fungal infections.
Muscadine grapes contain a relatively high phenolic content among dark grapes.[23][24] In muscadine skins, ellagic acid, myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol, and trans-resveratrol are major phenolics.[25]
The flavonols syringetin, syringetin 3-O-galactoside, laricitrin and laricitrin 3-O-galactoside are also found in purple grape but absent in white grape.[26]
Main articles: Grape seed extract and Grape seed oil
Muscadine grape seeds contain about twice the total polyphenol content of skins.[24] Grape seed oil from crushed seeds is used in cosmeceuticals and skincare products. Grape seed oil, including tocopherols (vitamin E) and high contents of phytosterols and polyunsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic acid, oleic acid, and alpha-linolenic acid.[27][28][29]
Main article: Resveratrol
Resveratrol, a stilbene compound, is found in widely varying amounts among grape varieties, primarily in their skins and seeds.[30] Muscadine grapes have about one hundred times higher concentration of stilbenes than pulp. Fresh grape skin contains about 50 to 100 micrograms of resveratrol per gram.[31]
Main articles: Health effects of wine, Grape therapy, and Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs
French paradox
Main article: French paradox
Comparing diets among Western countries, researchers have discovered that although French people tend to eat higher levels of animal fat, the incidence of heart disease remains low in France. This phenomenon has been termed the French paradox, and is thought to occur from protective benefits of regularly consuming red wine, among other dietary practices. Alcohol consumption in moderation may be cardioprotective by its minor anticoagulant effect and vasodilation.[32]
Using grape leaves in cuisine (Dolma)
Although adoption of wine consumption is generally not recommended by health authorities,[33] some research indicates moderate consumption, such as one glass of red wine a day for women and two for men, may confer health benefits.[34][35][36] Alcohol itself may have protective effects on the cardiovascular system.[37]
Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs
Main article: Grape and raisin toxicity in dogs
The consumption of grapes and raisins presents a potential health threat to dogs. Their toxicity to dogs can cause the animal to develop acute renal failure (the sudden development of kidney failure) with anuria (a lack of urine production) and may be fatal.[38]
Use in religion
See also: Christian views on alcohol
Christians have traditionally used wine during worship services as a means of remembering the blood of Jesus Christ which was shed for the remission of sins. Christians who oppose the partaking of alcoholic beverages sometimes use grape juice or water as the "cup" or "wine" in the Lord's Supper.[39]
The Catholic Church continues to use wine in the celebration of the Eucharist because it is part of the tradition passed down through the ages starting with Jesus Christ at the Last Supper, where Catholics believe the consecrated bread and wine literally become the body and blood of Jesus Christ, a dogma known as transubstantiation.[40] Wine is used (not grape juice) both due to its strong Scriptural roots, and also to follow the tradition set by the early Christian Church.[41] The Code of Canon Law of the Catholic Church (1983), Canon 924 says that the wine used must be natural, made from grapes of the vine, and not corrupt.[42] In some circumstances, a priest may obtain special permission to use grape juice for the consecration; however, this is extremely rare and typically requires sufficient impetus to warrant such a dispensation, such as personal health of the priest.
Although alcohol is permitted in Judaism, grape juice is sometimes used as an alternative for kiddush on Shabbat and Jewish holidays, and has the same blessing as wine. Many authorities maintain that grape juice must be capable of turning into wine naturally in order to be used for kiddush. Common practice, however, is to use any kosher grape juice for kiddush.
Flower buds
Immature fruit
Grapes in Iran
Wine grapes
Vineyard in the Troodos Mountains
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Wine portal
Annual growth cycle of grapevines
Drakshasava, a traditional Ayurvedic tonic made from grapes
Grape syrup
List of grape dishes
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Propagation of grapevines
^ This, Patrice; Lacombe, Thierry; Thomash, Mark R. (2006). "Historical Origins and Genetic Diversity of Wine Grapes" (PDF). Trends in Genetics. 22 (9): 511–519. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2006.07.008. PMID 16872714. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-10-04.
^ McGovern, Patrick E. (2003). Ancient Wine: The Search for the Origins of Viniculture (PDF). Princeton University Press. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2013-10-04.
^ McGovern, P. E. "Georgia: Homeland of Winemaking and Viticulture". Archived from the original on 2013-05-30.
^ Keys, David (2003-12-28) Now that's what you call a real vintage: professor unearths 8,000-year-old wine Archived 2013-06-03 at the Wayback Machine. archaeology.ws.
^ Owen, James (12 January 2011). "Earliest Known Winery Found in Armenian Cave". National Geographic. Archived from the original on 2017-06-03. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
^ Hugh Johnson, "The Story of Wine", New Illustrated Edition, p. 58 & p. 131, Mitchell Beazley 2004, ISBN 1-84000-972-1
^ "Grape". Better Health Channel Victoria. October 2015. Archived from the original on 2018-01-09. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
^ Jancis Robinson, Vines, Grapes & Wines (Mitchell Beazley, 1986, ISBN 1-85732-999-6), pp 8, 18, 228.
^ Walker, A. R.; Lee, E.; Bogs, J.; McDavid, D. A. J.; Thomas, M. R.; Robinson, S. P. (2007). "White grapes arose through the mutation of two similar and adjacent regulatory genes". The Plant Journal. 49 (5): 772–785. doi:10.1111/j.1365-313X.2006.02997.x. PMID 17316172.
^ Waterhouse, A. L. (2002). "Wine phenolics". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 957: 21–36. Bibcode:2002NYASA.957...21W. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02903.x. PMID 12074959.
^ Brouillard, R.; Chassaing, S.; Fougerousse, A. (2003). "Why are grape/fresh wine anthocyanins so simple and why is it that red wine color lasts so long?". Phytochemistry. 64 (7): 1179–1186. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00518-1. PMID 14599515.
^ Top 20 grape producing countries in 2012 Archived 2011-07-13 at the Wayback Machine faostat.fao.org
^ "The most widely planted grape in the world". freshplaza.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-10. Retrieved 2010-04-10.
^ "Production of Grape by countries". UN Food & Agriculture Organization. 2011. Archived from the original on 2011-07-13. Retrieved 2014-02-12.
^ "WineLoversPage – Straight talk in plain English about fine wine". WineLoversPage. Archived from the original on 2011-07-16.
^ Reisch BI, Peterson DV, Martens M-H. "Seedless Grapes" Archived 2008-06-19 at the Wayback Machine, in "Table Grape Varieties for Cool Climates", Information Bulletin 234, Cornell University, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, retrieved December 30, 2008
^ Shi, J.; Yu, J.; Pohorly, J. E.; Kakuda, Y. (2003). "Polyphenolics in Grape Seeds—Biochemistry and Functionality". Journal of Medicinal Food. 6 (4): 291–299. doi:10.1089/109662003772519831. PMID 14977436.
^ Parry, J.; Su, L.; Moore, J.; Cheng, Z.; Luther, M.; Rao, J. N.; Wang, J. Y.; Yu, L. L. (2006). "Chemical Compositions, Antioxidant Capacities, and Antiproliferative Activities of Selected Fruit Seed Flours". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (11): 3773–3778. doi:10.1021/jf060325k. PMID 16719495.
^ "Thompson Seedless Grape Juice". sweetwatercellars.com. Archived from the original on 2012-03-25. Retrieved 2012-02-17.
^ a b Gómez-Brandón, María; Lores, Marta; Insam, Heribert; Domínguez, Jorge (2019-04-02). "Strategies for recycling and valorization of grape marc". Critical Reviews in Biotechnology. 39 (4): 437–450. doi:10.1080/07388551.2018.1555514. ISSN 0738-8551. PMID 30939940.
^ Muhlack, Richard A.; Potumarthi, Ravichandra; Jeffery, David W. (2018). "Sustainable wineries through waste valorisation: A review of grape marc utilisation for value-added products". Waste Management. 72: 99–118. doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2017.11.011. ISSN 0956-053X. PMID 29132780.
^ a b Cantos, E.; Espín, J. C.; Tomás-Barberán, F. A. (2002). "Varietal differences among the polyphenol profiles of seven table grape cultivars studied by LC-DAD-MS-MS". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 50 (20): 5691–5696. doi:10.1021/jf0204102. PMID 12236700.
^ Ector BJ, Magee JB, Hegwood CP, Coign MJ (1996). "Resveratrol Concentration in Muscadine Berries, Juice, Pomace, Purees, Seeds, and Wines". Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 47 (1): 57–62. Archived from the original on 2006-11-19.
^ a b Xu, Changmou; Yagiz, Yavuz; Zhao, Lu; Simonne, Amarat; Lu, Jiang; Marshall, Maurice R. (2017). "Fruit quality, nutraceutical and antimicrobial properties of 58 muscadine grape varieties (Vitis rotundifolia Michx.) grown in United States". Food Chemistry. 215: 149–156. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.163. ISSN 0308-8146. PMID 27542461.
^ Pastrana-Bonilla, E.; Akoh, C. C.; Sellappan, S.; Krewer, G. (2003). "Phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of muscadine grapes". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 51 (18): 5497–5503. doi:10.1021/jf030113c. PMID 12926904.
^ Mattivi, F.; Guzzon, R.; Vrhovsek, U.; Stefanini, M.; Velasco, R. (2006). "Metabolite Profiling of Grape: Flavonols and Anthocyanins". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (20): 7692–7702. doi:10.1021/jf061538c. PMID 17002441.
^ Beveridge, T. H. J.; Girard, B.; Kopp, T.; Drover, J. C. G. (2005). "Yield and Composition of Grape Seed Oils Extracted by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and Petroleum Ether: Varietal Effects". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 53 (5): 1799–1804. doi:10.1021/jf040295q. PMID 15740076.
^ Crews, C.; Hough, P.; Godward, J.; Brereton, P.; Lees, M.; Guiet, S.; Winkelmann, W. (2006). "Quantitation of the Main Constituents of Some Authentic Grape-Seed Oils of Different Origin". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (17): 6261–6265. doi:10.1021/jf060338y. PMID 16910717.
^ Tangolar, S. G. K.; Özoğul, Y. I.; Tangolar, >S.; Torun, A. (2009). "Evaluation of fatty acid profiles and mineral content of grape seed oil of some grape genotypes". International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition. 60 (1): 32–39. doi:10.1080/09637480701581551. PMID 17886077.
^ "Resveratrol". Micronutrient Information Center, Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 26 August 2019.
^ Li, X.; Wu, B.; Wang, L.; Li, S. (2006). "Extractable Amounts of trans-Resveratrol in Seed and Berry Skin in Vitis Evaluated at the Germplasm Level". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 54 (23): 8804–8811. doi:10.1021/jf061722y. PMID 17090126.
^ Providência, R. (2006). "Cardiovascular protection from alcoholic drinks: Scientific basis of the French Paradox". Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia. 25 (11): 1043–1058. PMID 17274460.
^ Alcohol, wine and cardiovascular disease. American Heart Association
^ Alcohol. Harvard School of Public Health
^ Mukamal, K. J.; Kennedy, M.; Cushman, M.; Kuller, L. H.; Newman, A. B.; Polak, J.; Criqui, M. H.; Siscovick, D. S. (2007). "Alcohol Consumption and Lower Extremity Arterial Disease among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study". American Journal of Epidemiology. 167 (1): 34–41. doi:10.1093/aje/kwm274. PMID 17971339.
^ De Lange, D. W.; Van De Wiel, A. (2004). "Drink to Prevent: Review on the Cardioprotective Mechanisms of Alcohol and Red Wine Polyphenols". Seminars in Vascular Medicine. 4 (2): 173–186. doi:10.1055/s-2004-835376. PMID 15478039.
^ Sato, M.; Maulik, N.; Das, D. K. (2002). "Cardioprotection with alcohol: Role of both alcohol and polyphenolic antioxidants". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 957: 122–135. Bibcode:2002NYASA.957..122S. doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02911.x. PMID 12074967.
^ Raisins/Grapes Archived 2007-09-29 at the Wayback Machine. The Merck Veterinary Manual
^ "Why do most Methodist churches serve grape juice instead of wine for Holy Communion?". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2007-07-07.
^ "Catechism of the Catholic Church, 1413". Vatican.va. Archived from the original on 2011-06-09. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
^ "The Real Presence of Christ in the Eucharist". Newadvent.org. 1909-05-01. Archived from the original on 2012-01-11. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
^ "Altar wine, Catholic encyclopedia". Newadvent.org. 1907-03-01. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05. Retrieved 2012-02-01.
Creasy, G. L. and L. L. Creasy (2009). Grapes (Crop Production Science in Horticulture). CABI. ISBN 978-1-84593-401-9.
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Grapes
The dictionary definition of grape at Wiktionary
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By the way: We've been around since 1946.
By the way, we serve a wide range of industries and requirements.
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Around 300 dedicated employees, 150 CNC single-spindle and multi-spindle lathes, efficient processes - as a specialist for precision turned parts in high volumes, we've made a good name for ourselves. Find out more about Richard Weiss! Find out all about the family-owned company, the solution partner, the most important facts at a glance, and our company's down-to-earth Swabian history ever since 1946.
Long traditions, mass production: Why are we a versatile, high-performance partner especially for high-volume turned parts? You'll see – black on white and white on black!
With us the lights are always green!
Renowned automakers have relied on mass-produced automotive turned parts from Richard Weiss for decades now. The spectrum ranges from screw necks for turbocharger connections to housing tips in automotive electronics, and from retaining screws as safety components in brake lines all the way to sensor housings.
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In addition to automotive turned parts and mechanical engineering turned parts, we have traditionally served a wide range of industries. We produce spindles for fittings, threaded bushings and bearing pins for fittings or cap sleeves for electronic plug connectors. Our turned parts are also a component of successful products in medical technology, the music industry and many other sectors.


The 3rd Playing Colloidal Mikado workshop will be held in Eindhoven, from 17-18 February 2016. It forms part of a series of workshops that bring together experimentalists and theoreticians working in the field of Soft Matter. The two previous workshops were held in Oxford (2009) and in Luxembourg (2010).
The 3rd Playing Colloidal Mikado workshop is organised and supported by DiStruc and its programme covers experimental, theoretical and computational aspects of non-spherical colloidal particles with a focus on colloidal rods. The purpose of the workshop is to discuss current developments and advances in the field and to provide opportunities for networking.
We look forward to an exciting workshop and to welcoming you in Eindhoven.
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text:
Q: Using berkshelf with ChefDK and the Chef Supermarket I'm brand new to Chef and linux so forgive me if this questions is blatantly obvious or if I'm doing this horribly wrong. So far I have managed to set up a basic standalone Chef server on an Ubuntu 14.04 instance that is running in my network. I setup a Ubuntu desktop on a VM that I have running on my computer. I've been going through tutorials and so far the process I use to get cookbooks from the Chef supermarket up to my Chef server is that I download them to my chef workstation on ubuntu desktop and then upload with the corresponding demands. However, a question I have is that for some more robust cookbooks such as Node.js or MongoDB when I download them to my workstation and then try to upload them to my chef servers it fails. It says that it can't upload properly because it is missing certain dependencies it has. I know that this is the exact  use case berkshelf is used for. However, I have no idea how to use it in relation to cookbooks I get from the supermarket. I tried to cd to my directory where my downloaded cookbooks are and run berks install but it gives me errors. Am i doing this wrong or is there a whole other process I should look into? Sorry for possible bad grammar and if this question is painfully simple.

A: Try following one of a bunch of available tutorials on how to use Berkshelf with Chef, such as the one at http://cloudacademy.com/blog/berkshelf-manage-chef-cookbooks/.


Scott Seifritz is a co-founder of Rochester Spoken Word, the goal of which is to help writers be heard. (Turns out a mic and amp go a long way.) He is a part-time playwright whose humorous play No Encore was performed at the 2017 24-Hour Plays for the Rochester Fringe Fest and whose comedy Denny Killington, Master Detective! was selected for the 2016 Rochester Regional Writers Showcase. For your chance to be heard, visit www.RocSpoke.org.


text:
Andy Kim Details 2018 Christmas Shows in Toronto and Montreal
Andy Kim is getting into the holiday spirit early by announcing his annual Christmas shows. As has become tradition, he will host events in...
Leonard Cohen, Andy Kim, Seth Rogen Named 2018 Canada's Walk of Fame Inductees
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Andy Kim has made a tradition of hosting holiday benefit shows in Toronto for the past 12 years, and expanding it to a multi-city event in M...
Andy Kim Plans 2016 Christmas Benefit Shows in Toronto and Montreal
Andy Kim's Christmas concerts have become a tradition for the Canadians holiday season, and he'll be bringing benefit shows back to both Tor...
Andy Kim Announces 11th Annual Charity Christmas Concert
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text:
Bruce Mutch
Musculoskeletal Physiotherapist
Bruce graduated in 2010 with an MSc with Distinction in Physiotherapy from The Robert Gordon University, the first student to achieve this level of academic recognition, and joined SPEAR shortly after graduating. Bruce has a strong interest in sports rehabilitation and enjoys the challenge of working with all levels of sports person in a variety of different sports. He provide rehabilitation to elite athletes, and is one of the Physiotherapists who work with SportScotland Institute of Sport. Outside of the sporting environment, Bruce delivers the ergonomic desk assessments for clinic, and has delivered well received talks to companies in this area. He has a passion for Acupuncture and Dry Needling since completing post-graduate training in this area and often complements his treatments with these modalities where appropriate.
Bruce travels to support national teams, predominantly Netball Scotland and Cricket Scotland. He works with the Vitality Netball Superleague team Strathclyde Sirens ,as well as The Scottish Netball Team, The Scottish Thistles. Bruce is also the head physiotherapist for the Scotland u19 cricket team, Scotland u21 Netball team and the Scottish Ladies Cricket team, The Scottish Wildcats. Away from these sports Bruce has travelled to support teams at the World Island Games, and was part of the physiotherpay team at the diving centre for the European Games.
Away from Physiotherapy, Bruce is the director of Aberdeen Sports Massage, our Sports Massage partners here at SPEAR. His passion for hands-on treatment puts him in a great position to integrate the Sports Massage service into our team. Outside clinic Bruce is a keen golfer and enjoys keeping fit.
Cricket and Netball
Complex/chronic pain


text:
Can a Building Damage Assessment Exonerate an Intruding Black Bear?
John Rickauer, PE
A black bear intrusion in Colorado demonstrates the importance of proper building damage assessments.
When is it appropriate to conduct building damage assessments? In many cases, claims adjusters and insurers can resolve building damage claims on their own. Where it's important for a forensic structural engineer to be involved is under the following circumstances:
The claim is being subrogated
The cause of damage is complex/unique/unknown
Engineered repair recommendations are required
There is a suspicion of insurance fraud
Black Bear Attack or Insurance Fraud?
Our job, as forensic engineers, is to apply the scientific method and investigative skill to determine the root cause of damage or a failure. On one such occasion, I was called in to investigate a unique claim. A resident in Colorado was claiming over $500,000 USD in damage to their home, caused by an intruding black bear. The insured reported that scraping, caused by the claws of the bear, damaged many elements of the residence. The insurer suspected insurance fraud because of the amount being claimed and called me in to do a building damage assessment.
Building damage assessments often consist of the following:
Documentation of evidence
Review of existing evidence (whether from insured, insurer or public record)
Laboratory examination
Final report/findings
Using the Mohs Hardness Scale
In the case of the intruding black bear, I found that the vast majority of the scrapes being claimed were not caused by black bear claws, even though there was surveillance video of the black bear in the house. I used the Mohs Hardness Scale, which provides a measure of a material's relative resistance to scratching with talc being the softest mineral at a rating of 1 and diamond being the hardest mineral with a rating of 10. A higher rated material on the Mohs scale can scratch a lower rated material, but a lower rated material cannot scratch a higher rated material. Bear claws are made up of an interior bone sheathed with a plate of keratin, which is a 2.5 on the Mohs scale.
Sample black bear claws measured and photographed during investigation, used to compare claimed bear scratches.
Many of the scraped building elements claimed to be damaged by the bear were found to be significantly harder than 2.5 on the Mohs scale, making it impossible to be damaged by a bear claw. Along with that revelation, it was determined that the sharp profile shape of the scratches was inconsistent with the typical blunt end of a bear claw. Additionally, some individual "claw marks" had actually been passed over multiple times with smaller scratches and there was disparate spacing between scratch marks from one area to another.
Upon examination and analysis, the vast majority of the alleged "bear scratches" were found to be mechanical and intentional in nature, occurring after the bear intrusion. In this case, engineering analysis and application of the scientific method uncovered extensive insurance fraud. Building damage assessments such as this can also uncover weaknesses in structures, poor maintenance, or clear-cut cases of damage caused by the elements. Where appropriate, having a forensic engineer conduct a thorough building damage assessment can save lives, property and even uncover insurance fraud. We're experts in investigating all forms of failure within the built environment.


We understand the importance of parents being fully involved in their children's daily activities, progress and development in their Playschool environment. But the learning does not stop at the doors of our Playschool; we ensure that the parents too are well equipped to contribute the most to their child's development outside of nursery. Keeping this in mind we organise regular workshops for parent enrichment on various topics ranging from the 'Importance of Sensory Play' to 'Letters & Sounds', 'Biting & Toilet training', and more.
As part of the Safety Awareness, parents are provided with an informative learning about basic first aid, CPR, choking prevention techniques, and the recovery position.
The parents have a wonderful learning experience where they learn how the baby's brain works and how stimulation helps infant brain development for long-term growth and health.
This workshop enables the parents to get a better understanding on how we teach 'Letters and Sounds' to the children in our Playschool. Parents also get ideas on how to enhance their child's learning at home.
Parent Activity days are attended and supported by the parents, children and staff alike. Be it the Halloween Day, Cake Day, Book Sales or Messy Mornings, children and parents always have a good time with all the fun activities.
Families are central to a child's well-being and we support this by sharing as much information and help for extended learning at home, making Gurusthanam an extension of your home. With the goal being the wholesome development of the child, we provide information which helps parents support their child's intellectual, social and emotional development.


What Are the Weirdest Songs People Request on Alexa?
"Tribute (Live)" by Tenacious D: Seemingly not only do people crave Tenacious D, but seemingly they won't want live renditions of the comedy rock act.
"Rockstar" by Nickelback: Nickelback are great, don't skip this jam.
"All Star" by Smash Mouth: My only real guess here is that children must still love loud dumb songs about being an "All Star" or something. Idk.


Part of being a member in the National Honor Society is doing your part and helping out with service projects throughout the year. Last school year several students expressed an interest in wanting to help the school campus go green by getting a recycling program started. The President, Elizabeth Zhang, tried to contact different companies to see who would be willing to help us and figure out how to get started. Unfortunately, she did not have any luck. As a last ditch effort the sponsor, Ms. Brittney Fetter, contacted the Recycling Office of East Baton Rouge Parish to see if they had any ideas about how the club could get the recycling idea off the ground. Thankfully a glimmer of hope was sparked.
Richanne Caraway at the Recycling Office guided the sponsor to a representative at the Department of Environmental Services (DES) in hopes that we would be able to enter the recycling competition with the other schools in the East Baton Rouge Parish School System. After discussing the idea with the DES representative Michael Lowe, the NHS club decided this was the service project for us this year. The club had an orientation meeting with Mr. Lowe so that he could explain the rules of the competition and get everyone on board. The students were excited about getting to make a difference in their school community.
Later that week, Friday October 20, 2017, the recycling bins were delivered by Republic to aid the NHS in their mission. They received four bins to help collect the recycling, and the bins were placed in different areas around campus to make it easier for the students during collection. The competition started that very next Monday morning on October 23, 2017 and they had four weeks to collect as much as possible. They asked the faculty to place a recycling bin in their classroom, to aid in the collection process. The students and the teachers were very good at making sure that the appropriate material was getting recycled; paper, plastic, cardboard, no food waste. It was decided to pick-up twice a week during both lunch shifts on Wednesday and during the beginning of 4th block on Fridays. Students volunteered to go around and collect the recycling.
Throughout the competition the club members had to keep track of how many bins were put into the recycling dumpster. With the help of the teachers, students, office staff, and the cafeteria staff the club was able to dump 111 bins of recycling. In the end it weighed over 5,000 pounds. It was amazing! Since the students met their goal of 100 carts, the whole school was able to participate in free dress for a whole week. The week after Thanksgiving break the sponsor was anxiously awaiting the news to find out who had won the whole competition. At the end of the day on November 27, 2017 the email finally came through; Congratulations to Woodlawn High School, the winner of the recycling competition! Being the winners of the competition, meant a visit from Mayor-President Sharon Weston Broome. The Mayor came to the school on Monday December 11, 2017 to announce Woodlawn as the winners and to declare that December 11, 2017 is Woodlawn High School Day.
Even though the competition has ended, our goal to keep the campus green remains. The National Honor Society appreciates all the help from everyone involved and hopes for the continued support from the Woodlawn High family.


You may have already picked out something to wear on Halloween, but what about the rest of October? At Unique Baby, we have the perfect seasonal statements for the countdown to candy time. In addition to our online baby Halloween boutique, we offer matching family Halloween outfits for everybody from full size to fun size.
The Halloween season brings its own unique magic, so embody the spirit with something from our collection of cute yet creepy shirts, shorts, onesies, rompers, leggings, and pj sets. You only have until the last doorbell, so you might as well ring out the Halloween celebrations all month long. Explore our entire online family and baby Halloween boutique and find the perfect piece, or pick up matching family Halloween outfits that will make the neighbors want to give you seconds… or thirds!
If you have questions about any item in our catalog, please call us toll free at (888) 656-3899, or email us at info@uniquebabyshop.com.


text:
Q: ImageResizer: how do you use Instructions? The documentation for ResizeSettings says:
"Replaced by the Instructions class"
http://documentation.imageresizing.net/docu/ImageResizer/ResizeSettings.htm
The documentation for Instructions says:
"The successor to ResizeSettings."
http://documentation.imageresizing.net/docu/ImageResizer/Instructions.htm
However, I cannot figure out how to use Instructions instead of ResizeSettings. I've tried

*

*Google

*Documentation (documentation.imageresizing.net)

*Looking through the Object Browser for uses of Instructions

*Searching ImageResizer.dll in .net Reflector for uses of Instructions

*Decompiling all of ImageResizer.dll and searching for through the resulting code.

If Instructions replaces ResizeSettings, then how do I use it instead of ResizeSettings?
=== Edit - more detail:
This a way to use ResizeSettings:
    public static Bitmap Resize(Bitmap bitmap, int maxHeight, int maxWidth)
    {
        var setting = new ResizeSettings
        {
            MaxHeight = maxHeight,
            MaxWidth = maxWidth,
        };

        return ImageBuilder.Current.Build(bitmap, setting);
    }

Reading that Instructions was a replacement for ResizeSettings, one of the first things I tried was this: (I was hoping ImageBuilder might have an overloaded Build method)
    public static Bitmap Resize(Bitmap bitmap, int maxHeight, int maxWidth)
    {
        var instructions = new Instructions
        {
            Width = maxWidth,
            Height = maxHeight,
            Mode = FitMode.Max
        };

        return ImageBuilder.Current.Build(bitmap, instructions);
    }

A: In an unexpected turn of events, the documentation is ahead of reality.
You can use the Instructions class, but for now you must convert it to a ResizeSettings instance first like so:
.Build(source, dest, new ResizeSettings(new Instructions("width=20")));

In the next major release, this will accept an Instructions class directly.


text:
import React from 'react';
import ReactDOM from 'react-dom';
import { Provider } from 'react-redux';
import { createStore, applyMiddleware } from 'redux';
import { BrowserRouter, Route, Switch } from 'react-router-dom';

import reducers from './reducers';

import Header from './components/layouts/header';
import IndexPage from './components/index_page/index_page';
import ProjectPage from './components/project/project_page';

const createStoreWithMiddleware = applyMiddleware()(createStore);

ReactDOM.render(
  <Provider store={createStoreWithMiddleware(reducers)}>
    <BrowserRouter>

            <Switch>
              <Route path="/projects/:id" component={ProjectPage} />
              <Route path="/" component={IndexPage} />
            </Switch>

    </BrowserRouter>
  </Provider>
  , document.querySelector('.container'));

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub