text:
BCA Colorimetric Protein Assay
The Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay is a highly sensitive colorimetric method designed to measure the concentration of a protein of interest compared to a protein standard. OneLab guides you through the workflow and assists in setting up serial dilutions of the standard protein so as to ensure accurate estimation of your protein concentration and full traceability.
The Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA) Protein Assay is a very common colorimetric assay for sensitive detection and measurement of total protein concentration compared to a protein standard curve. It provides simple and accurate quantification of total protein in solution and is well suited to a range of applications in protein research, including chromatographic purification, cell protein extraction, screening of soluble fusion proteins, and monitoring of protein contamination. One advantage of the BCA Protein Assay is its compatibility with protein samples containing low to moderate amounts of detergent.
Determination of Protein Concentration using the BCA Protein Assay
The BCA Protein Assay involves two reactions. The first reaction is the reduction of cupric ions Cu2+ to cuprous ions Cu+ by the peptide bonds of the protein (Figure 1A). The amount of reduced copper is proportional to the amount of protein in the sample. The second reaction comprises the highly sensitive and selective colorimetric detection of the cuprous cations by the Bicinchoninic Acid. Two BCA molecules chelate one cuprous cation, forming an intense purple-colored BCA-Cu+ complex (Figure 1B). This product is water-soluble and strongly absorbs light at a wavelength of 562 nm.
Figure 1: Chemistry of the BCA Protein Assay. Schematic illustrations showing (A) the chelation of copper with protein and reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ by the protein and (B) the formation of a purple-colored BCA/Cu+ complex (1).
The absorbance capacity increases linearly with increasing protein concentrations in the range of 0.02-2 mg/mL. The concentration of the protein of interest can then be determined by measuring the absorbance of the colored reaction product and comparing it to the protein standard curve (Figure 2). It is worth noting that the maximum absorbance of the BCA-Cu+ complex occurs at 562 nm. The absorbance can also be measured at any wavelength between 540 nm and 590 nm with minimal loss of signal. However, measuring the absorbance at a wavelength other than 562 nm may result in a standard curve with a lower slope, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the assay.
Figure 2: Standard curve of the Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). Absorbance is measured at 562 nm for a working range between 0.2 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL. Source: Product page "BCA Protein Assay", G-Biosciences.
Unlike colorimetric dye-binding assays, the BCA Protein Assay reacts more uniformly to differences in protein composition. Indeed, the peptide backbone along with the reactive amino acids, cysteine, tyrosine, and tryptophan in the protein sequence contribute together to the reduction of copper and consequently to the BCA-mediated color formation, thereby helping to minimize protein-to-protein variation caused by protein compositional differences.
Recommendations to Ensure Reliable Results
Two main conditions should be satisfied to guarantee accurate and reliable measurement with the BCA Protein Assay:
The rate of BCA-mediated color formation depends on the incubation temperature, which is necessary to achieve optimal sensitivity. Therefore, standards and protein samples should be assessed simultaneously to ensure similar incubation time and temperature.
The Contamination of protein samples with substances, such as reducing agents, copper chelators, or single reactive amino acids can interfere with the assay, hindering the accuracy of protein quantitation. As a consequence of this, it is crucial to have either high-quality protein samples or to ensure the elimination of background interference from other reactants before conducting the BCA protein assay.
BCA Protein Assay by G-Biosciences
The BCA Protein Assay from G-Biosciences comprises two assay formats based upon the dynamic range required to measure the concentration of the protein of interest. It can be performed either in a 1mL cuvette assay or in micro-wells. The Standard BCA Protein Assay enables the measurement of protein concentrations from 10 μg/mL to 2000 μg/mL with incubation at 37°C for 30 min or room temperature for 2 hours. The BCA color formation, triggered by copper reduction, is not an endpoint reaction but adds flexibility to the assay. In other words, the incubation time and temperature can be modulated to achieve the desired color development. Increasing the temperature enables a higher sensitivity (lower limit of detection) to be attained. The Enhanced BCA Protein Assay (incubation at 60°C for 60 min) can detect proteins within a working range of 5 μg/mL to 250 μg/mL, which facilitates the quantification of low-abundance proteins and more diluted samples.
(1) Chen, Lei, Zhi Yu, Youngju Lee, Xu Wang, Bing Zhao, and Young Mee Jung. "Quantitative Evaluation of Proteins with Bicinchoninic Acid (BCA): Resonance Raman and Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman Scattering-Based Methods." Analyst 137, no. 24 (November 12, 2012): 5834–38.
Learn more about the BCA Protein Assay kits from G-Biosciences
Micro-Well Protocol for Standard BCA Protein Assay
Micro-Well Protocol for Enhanced BCA Protein Assay


The setting up of a Leadership Fiji Institute is in the pipeline which will host value base leadership programmes.
This has been revealed by Leadership Fiji Chairman William Parkinson during the graduation dinner of 29 participants from different agencies who had recently completed the Leadership Fiji programmes.
Parkinson says that the institute will not only look after the current programmes but it will also see implementation work in communities.
Parkinson adds that the programme has over the years built a formidable force of graduates that numbered a little over 380 Alumni members.
Meanwhile, the New Zealand High Commissioner to Fiji Jonathan Curr highlighted to the graduates and alumni at the event that leadership is about giving the best for others.
Curr also spoke on the inability to learn from ones mistakes, lack of openness to build new ideas, lack of accountability, lack of relationship building skills and a lack of initiatives as some causes of leadership failures.
Application for the 2019 Leadership Fiji programme will be closed on the 30th of this month.


text:
\section{Relevance vs. Diversity}

\emph{Subtopic retrieval} --- ``the task of finding documents that
cover as many \emph{different} subtopics of a general topic as
possible''~\cite{zhai03Beyond} --- is a
motivating case for diverse retrieval.
One of the most popular result set diversification methods is Maximal
Marginal Relevance (MMR)~\cite{carbonell98MMR}.
Formally, given an
\emph{item set} $D$ (e.g., a set of documents) where retrieved items
are denoted as $s_i \in D$, we aim to select an optimal subset of
items $S_k^* \subset D$ (where $|S_k^*| = k$ and $k < |D|$)
\emph{relevant} to a given query $\vec{q}$ (e.g., query terms) with
some level of \emph{diversity} among the items in $S_k^*$.  MMR
builds $S_k^*$ in a greedy manner by choosing the next optimal
selection $s_k^*$ given the set of $k-1$ optimal selections
$S_{k-1}^* = \{ s_1^*, \ldots, s_{k-1}^* \}$ (recursively defining
$S_k^* = S_{k-1}^* \cup \{ s_k^* \}$ with $S_0^* = \emptyset$)
as follows:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:MMR}
 s_k^* = \hspace{-.3mm} \argmax_{s_k \in D \setminus S_{k-1}^*} [ \lambda(\Sim_{1}(\vec{q},s_k))\hspace{-.3mm}-\hspace{-.3mm}(1-\lambda)\max_{s_i \in S_{k-1}^*} \Sim_{2}(s_i,s_k) ].
\end{equation}
Here,
$\lambda \in [0, 1]$, metric $\Sim_{1}$ measures
query-item relevance, and metric $\Sim_{2}$ measures the similarity
between two items.

Presently, little is formally known about how a particular selection
of $\lambda$ relates to the overall \emph{set-based relevance objective}
being optimized.  However, it has been previously noted that the
$n$-call@$k$ set-based relevance metric (which is 1 if at least $n$
documents in a set of $k$ are relevant, otherwise 0) encourages
diversity as $n \to 1$~\cite{chen06Less,wang09PortfolioTheory}.
Indeed, Sanner \emph{et al.} \cite{sanner11}~have shown that optimizing
\emph{expected $n$-call@$k$} for $n=1$ corresponds to
$\lambda = 0.5$ --- we extend
this derivation to show that $\lambda = \frac{n}{n+1}$
for arbitrary $n \geq 1$
(independent of result set size $k \geq
n$).  This result precisely formalizes a relationship
between $n$-call@$k$ and the relevance vs. diversity
trade-off.

\section{Relevance Model and Objective}

\begin{figure}[t!]
\centerline{\includegraphics[scale = .56]{graphicalModel}}
\vspace{-2mm}
\caption{Latent subtopic binary relevance model.}
\vspace{-3mm}
\label{fig:gm}
\end{figure}

We review the \emph{probabilistic subtopic model of binary relevance}
from~\cite{sanner11} shown as a directed graphical model
in Figure~\ref{fig:gm}.
Shaded nodes represent observed variables, unshaded nodes are
latent.  Observed variables are the query terms
$\vec{q}$ and selected items $s_i$ (where for $1 \leq i \leq k$, $s_i
\in D$).  For the subtopic variables, let $T$ be a discrete subtopic
set.  Then $t_i \in T$ represent subtopics for respective
$s_i$ and $t \in T$ represents a subtopic for query $\vec{q}$.  The
$r_i$ are $\{ 0,1\}$ variables that indicate if respective selected
items $s_i$ are relevant ($r_i=1$).

The conditional probability tables (CPTs) are as follows: $P(t_i|s_i)$
and $P(t|\vec{q})$ respectively represent the subtopic distribution
for item $s_i$ and query $\vec{q}$.
For the $r_i$ CPTs, using $\I[\cdot]$ as a $\{0,1\}$ indicator
function (1 if $\cdot$ is true),
item $s_i$ is deemed \emph{relevant}
\emph{iff} \emph{its subtopic $t_i$ matches query subtopic $t$}:

\vspace{-2.5mm}
{\footnotesize
\begin{align*}
P(r_{i}=1|t, t_{i}) & \; = \; \I[t_{i} = t]
\end{align*}}
We next define $R_k = \sum_{i=1}^k r_i$, where $R_k$ is
the number of relevant items from the first $k$ selections.
Reading $R_k \geq n$ as $\I[R_k \geq n]$,
we express the \emph{expected $n$-call@$k$} objective as
\begin{align*}
  \ExpNCall{n}(S_k,\vec{q})
  = \mathbb{E}[R_k\geq n|s_1,\dots,s_k,\vec{q}] .
\end{align*}

\section{Main Derivation and Result}

Taking MMR's greedy approach, we select $s_k$ given
$S_{k-1}^*$:\footnote{We present a derivation summary;
A full derivation may be found in an online
appendix at the authors' web pages.}
\begin{align}
  s_k^* & = \argmax_{s_k} \mathbb{E}[R_k\geq n|S_{k-1}^*,s_k,\vec{q}] \nonumber\\[-1mm]
  & = \argmax_{s_k} P(R_k\geq n|S_{k-1}^*,s_k,\vec{q}) \nonumber
\end{align}
This query can be evaluated w.r.t.\ our latent subtopic binary relevance
model in Figure~\ref{fig:gm} as follows, where we marginalize out
all non-query, non-evidence variables $T_k$ and define
$T_k\!=\!\{t,t_1,\dots,t_k\}$ and
$\sum_{T_k} \circ = \sum_t \sum_{t_1} \cdots \sum_{t_k} \circ$:

\vspace{-3mm}
\begin{align}
  = & \argmax_{s_k} \!\sum_{T_k} \Bigl( P(t|\vec{q}) \,P(t_k|s_k) \prod_{i=1}^{k-1} P(t_i|s_i^*) \nonumber \\[-3mm]
  & \hspace{21mm} \, \cdot P(R_k\geq n|T_k,S_{k-1}^*,s_k,\vec{q}) \Bigr) \nonumber
\end{align}

\vspace{-1mm}
We split $R_k \geq n$ into two disjoint (additive) events
$(r_k \! \geq \! 0,\! R_{k\!-\!1}\!\geq \!n)$, $(r_k\!\!=\!\!1,\!R_{k\!-\!1}\!\!=\!\!n\!-\!1)$ where all $r_i$ are D-separated:

\vspace{-3.5mm}
\begin{align}
  = & \argmax_{s_k} \!\sum_{T_k} P(t|\vec{q}) \,P(t_k|s_k) \prod_{i=1}^{k-1} P(t_i|s_i^*) \nonumber \\
  & \hspace{6mm} \cdot \Bigl( \mbox{$\underbrace{P(r_k\!\geq\!0|R_{k-\!1}\!\geq\!n,t_k,t)}_{1}$} P(\!R_{k-\!1}\!\geq\!n|\TlessK) \nonumber \\[-1.5mm]
  & \hspace{10mm} + P(r_k=1|R_{k-1}\!=\!n\!-\!1,t_k,t) P(\!R_{k-\!1}\!=\!n\!-\!1|\TlessK) \Big) \nonumber
\end{align}
We distribute initial terms over the summands noting that
$\sum_{t_k} \!\! P(t_k|s_k) P(r_k\!\!=\!\!1|t_k,t) \! = \!\! \sum_{t_k} \!\! P(t_k|s_k) \I[t_k\!\!=\!\!t] \! = \!\! P(t_k\!\!=\!\!t|s_k)$:
\begin{align}
 = & \argmax_{s_k} \!\!\!\Bigg( \!\!\sum_{\TlessK} \!\!\bigg[ \mbox{$\underbrace{ \!\sum_{t_k} \!\!P(t_k|s_k) }_{1}$} \!\bigg] \!\!\!\:P(\!R_{\!k-\!1}\!\!\geq\!n|\TlessK) P(t|\vec{q}) \!\!\prod_{i=1}^{k-1} \!\!\!P(t_i|s_i^*) + \nonumber \\[-3.5mm]
  & \hspace{1mm} \sum_{t} \!P(t|\vec{q}) P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k) \hspace{-4mm} \sum_{t_1, \dots, t_{k-1}} \hspace{-4mm} P(R_{k-\!1}\!=\!n\!-\!1|\TlessK) \!\prod_{i=1}^{k-1} \!P(t_i|s_i^*) \!\!\Bigg) \nonumber
\end{align}
Next we proceed
to drop the first summand since it is not a function of $s_k$ (i.e.,
it has no influence in determining $s_k^*$):
\begin{align}
= & \argmax_{s_k} \!\sum_{t} \!P(t|\vec{q}) P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k) P(\!R_{k-\!1}\!\!=\!n\!-\!1|S_{k-1}^*) \label{eq.ncall}
\end{align}
By similar reasoning, we can derive that the last probability
needed in~\eqref{eq.ncall} is recursively defined as $P(R_k=n|S_k,t)=$
\begin{align*}
\begin{cases}
n \geq 1, k > 1:  &  \bigl( 1\!-\!P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k) \bigr) P(R_{k-1}\!=\!n|S_{k-1},t) \nonumber \\
  & \hspace{5mm} + P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k) P(R_{k-\!1}\!=\!n\!-\!1|S_{k-\!1},t) \\
n = 0, k > 1:   & \bigl( 1\!-\!P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k) \bigr) P(R_{k-\!1}\!=\!0|S_{k-\!1},t) \\
n = 1, k = 1:   & P(t_1\!=\!t|s_1) \\
n = 0, k = 1:   & 1 - P(t_1\!=\!t|s_1)
\end{cases}
\end{align*}
We can now rewrite~\eqref{eq.ncall} by unrolling its recursive definition.
For expected $n$-call@$k$ where $n \leq k/2$
(a symmetrical result holds for $k/2 < n \leq k$), the explicit unrolled objective is
\begin{align}
  & s_k^* = \argmax_{s_k} \sum_t \Biggl( P(t|\vec{q}) \, P(t_k=t|s_k) \cdot \nonumber \\[-2.5mm]
  & \hspace{10mm} \sum_{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}} \hspace{-14mm} \prod_{\hspace{14.5mm} l \in \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}\}} \hspace{-14mm} P(t_l\!=\!t|s_l^*) \hspace{-13mm} \prod_{\substack{i=1 \\ \hspace{14mm} i \notin \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}\}}}^{k-1} \hspace{-13mm} \!\bigl( 1 - P(t_i\!=\!t|s_i^*) \bigr) \!\Biggr) \label{eq.ncall.alt}
\end{align}
where $j_1, \dots, j_{n-1} \in \{1,\ldots,k-1\}$ satisfy
that $j_i < j_{i+1}$ (i.e.,
an ordered permutation of $n-1$ result set indices).

If we assume each document covers a single subtopic of the query (e.g.,
a subtopic represents an intent of an ambiguous query) then we can assume that
$\forall i \; P(t_i|s_i) \in \{0,1\}$ and $P(t|\vec{q}) \in \{0,1\}$.  This
allows us to convert a $\prod$ to a $\max$
\begin{align*}
  \hspace{-13mm} \prod_{\substack{i=1 \\ \hspace{14mm} i \notin \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}\}}}^{k-1} \hspace{-14mm} \bigl( 1 - \!P(t_i\!=\!t|s_i^*) \bigr) & =
1 - \Biggl( 1 - \hspace{-14mm} \prod_{\substack{i=1 \\ \hspace{14mm} i \notin \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}\}}}^{k-1} \hspace{-13mm} \bigl( 1 - P(t_i\!=\!t|s_i^*) \bigr) \Biggr) \\[-2mm]
  & = 1 - \Bigl( \hspace{-6mm} \max_{\substack{i \in [1,k-1] \\ \hspace{7mm} i \notin \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-1}\}}} \hspace{-6mm} P(t_i\!=\!t|s_i^*) \Bigr)
\end{align*}
and by substituting this into~\eqref{eq.ncall.alt} and distributing, we get
\vspace{-1.5mm}
\begin{align}
=  & \, \argmax_{s_k} \sum_t \Biggl( P(t|\vec{q}) P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k)  \sum_{\hspace{-1mm} j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}} \hspace{-13.5mm} \prod_{\hspace{14.5mm} l \in \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-1}\}} \hspace{-14mm} P(t_l\!=\!t|s_l^*) \nonumber \\[-2mm]
  & \hspace{-1mm} - \!P(t|\vec{q}) P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k) \hspace{-1mm} \sum_{\hspace{-5mm} j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}} \hspace{-14mm} \prod_{\hspace{14.5mm} l \in \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}\}} \hspace{-15mm} P(t_l\!=\!t|s_l^*) \hspace{-11.5mm} \max_{\substack{\hspace{5mm} i \in [1,k-1] \\ \hspace{11.5mm} i \notin \{j_1, \dots, j_{n-\!1}\}}} \hspace{-9.5mm} P(t_i\!=\!t|s_i^*) \!\!\Biggr) . \nonumber
\end{align}
Assuming $m$ selected documents $S_{k-1}^*$ are relevant
then the top term
(specifically $\prod_l$) is non-zero $\binom{m}{n-1}$ times.  For the
bottom term, it takes $n-1$ relevant $S_{k-1}^*$ to satisfy its
$\prod_l$, and one additional relevant document to satisfy the
$\max_i$ making it non-zero $\binom{m}{n}$ times.  Factoring out the
$\max$ element from the bottom and pushing the $\sum_t$ inwards (all legal
due to the $\{0,1\}$ subtopic probability assumption) we get
\vspace{-1.5mm}
\begin{align}
=  & \argmax_{s_k} \binom{m}{n-1} \underbrace{\sum_t P(t|\vec{q}) P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k)}_{\textrm{relevance}: \; \Sim_1(s_k,\vec{q})} \nonumber \\[-3mm]
  & \hspace{10.5mm} - \binom{m}{n} \max_{s_i \in S_{k-1}^*} \underbrace{\sum_t P(t_i\!=\!t|s_i) \!P(t|\vec{q}) P(t_k\!=\!t|s_k)}_{\textrm{diversity}: \; \Sim_2(s_k,s_i,\vec{q})} \nonumber .\\[-7mm] \nonumber
\end{align}
From here we can
normalize by $\binom{m}{n-1} + \binom{m}{n} = \binom{m+1}{n}$
(Pascal's rule), leading to fortuitous cancellations and the result:
\vspace{-3mm}
\begin{align}
=  & \argmax_{s_k} \!\! \frac{n}{m\!+\!1} \Sim_1(s_k,\vec{q}) - \frac{m\!-\!n\!+\!1}{m+1} \max_{s_i \in S_{k-1}^*} \! \Sim_2(s_k,s_i,\vec{q}) \nonumber \\[-6mm] \nonumber
\end{align}
Comparing to MMR in~\eqref{eq:MMR}, we can clearly see that $\lambda =
\frac{n}{m\!+\!1}$.  Assuming $m \approx n$
since \ExpNCall{n} optimizes for the case where $n$ relevant documents are selected, then $\lambda = \frac{n}{n\!+\!1}$.

\vspace{-0.75mm}

{\small

\section*{Acknowledgements}

NICTA is funded by the Australian Government via
the Dept. of Broadband, Comm. and the Digital
Economy and the Australian Research Council through the ICT
Centre of Excellence program.}

\vspace{-0.75mm}

\bibliographystyle{abbrv}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Corrosion is usually defined as the deterioration of a metal or its properties caused by a reaction with its environment. Most metals occur naturally in the form of oxides and are usually chemically stable. When exposed to oxygen and other oxidizing agents, the refined metal will try to revert to its natural oxide state. In the case of iron, the oxides will be in the form of ferrous or ferric oxide, commonly known as rust.
Metallic corrosion generally involves the loss of metal at a particular location on an exposed surface. Corrosion occurs in various forms ranging from a generalized attack over the entire surface to a severe concentrated attack. In most cases, it is impossible or economically impractical to completely arrest the corrosion process; however, it is usually possible to control the process to acceptable levels.
The U.S. government funded a detailed study of the annual cost of corrosion in 1975. The total cost of metallic corrosion to the U.S. economy was estimated at 4% of the GNP ($70 billion dollars). Of that, approximately 30% was defined as avoidable. Adjustment based on today's current economy puts total current costs in the $300 billion range with over $100 billion of that avoidable.


The Agape family continues to grow. The latest one to join our family was Alexander, the son of fellow staff members Samuel Pérez and Rebekah Hiney. Alexander came into the world on July 8th in Granada at 12:35pm. He weighed 3,64kg (8lbs.) and measured 54cm (21.25 inches) in length. He is blonde like his mommy and they are both at home and doing very well. We send congratulations to the family.


Image Title: Love The Fence Around Pool And Flower Beds Fencing Ideas For Prepare 3. Filename: love-the-fence-around-pool-and-flower-beds-fencing-ideas-for-prepare-3.jpg. Image Dimension: 588 x 441 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: August Kertzmann. Uploaded Date: Thursday - May 24th. 2018 21:10:10 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: archdaily.com.
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text:
Q: Why ReadFile function writes garbage to buffer? Let's say I decided to open an existing file with the CreateFile function. The content of the file is Hello world. There is also a buffer (char array with size 11 and filled with zero bytes) that should contain the contents of the file.
And when I try to read the file with the ReadFile function, certain garbage is written to the buffer. The debugger (I've tried GDB and LLDB) says that the contents of the buffer after reading is \377?H\000e\000l\000l\000o\000\000w\000o\000r\000l\000d\000\r\000\n\000\r\000 \n, '\000', and in a human-readable form, it looks like this  ■ H.
I've tried not filling the buffer with zeros. I tried to write (with WriteFile) to a file first, then read. I also tried to change the value of how many bytes to read with ReadFile. But it still doesn't change anything.
Also, GetLastError returns ERROR_SUCCESS.
Code:
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#include <Windows.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>

int main(void) {
    HANDLE file = CreateFile("./test_file.txt", GENERIC_READ, FILE_SHARE_READ,
                             NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

    if (file == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE) {
        puts("Failed to open");

        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    size_t length = strlen("Hello world"); /* 11 */
    char buffer[12];
    DWORD count = 0; /* Is always 11 (length of "Hello world") after reading */

    memset(buffer, '\0', length + 1);

    if (!ReadFile(file, buffer, (DWORD) length, &count, NULL)) {
        puts("Failed to read or EOF reached.");

        CloseHandle(file);

        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }

    printf("buffer: '%s'\n", buffer);
    printf("count: %lu\n", count);

    CloseHandle(file);

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

In the console, the output of the program looks like this:
buffer: ' ■ H'
count: 11

A: The text file itself is not written in a 7bit ASCII or 8bit UTF-8 byte encoding, like you are expecting. It is actually written in a UTF-16 byte encoding, with a BOM at the front of the file (bytes 0xFF 0xFE for UTF-16LE).  You are simply reading the file's raw bytes and displaying them as-is without any regard to their encoding.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Metallian Heavy
NECRONOMICON's upcoming album Advent Of The Human God is being released on Season Of Mist on March 18th. The band is from Montreal, Canada.
Melbourne, Australia-based NEKRASOV has closed a four-year gap in albums with the independent release of Negative Temple. It follows the release of the There Is No Other Way EP.
The young Russian thrash metal band POKERFACE will release its first full-length album Divide And Rule on Total Metal Records.
Satanath Records has issued Burden, an album by A THOUSAND SUFFERINGS. The Belgian band has been described as sludge/stoner/doom metal.
Toronto metal band CAYM will be hitting the studio this February and March with Joe Duplantier of GOJIRA to produce a new recording at his Silver Cord Studio in NYC. The new material will be the follow up to the 2013 release From Red To Black.
JACK's album Neurozis is out through Give Praise Records. The crossover band hails from Hungary.
Chicago's IMMORTAL BIRD will have its first run of 2016 live shows commence on April 8th in Columbus, Ohio and conclude on April 20th in Lafayette, Indiana.
Relapse Records will issue GADGET's The Great Destroyer album on March 4th. The band plays grindcore.
BEHEMOTH has announced a tour of North America this spring with openers MYRKUR. The Poles had previously announced that they would play The Satanist album in its entirety.
CANNIBAL CORPSE will be in Europe in April with support from KRISIUN and HIDEOUS DIVINITY.
English thrash metal band ONSLAUGHT will release a new CD/DVD, called Live At The Slaughterhouse, on February 26th through AFM.
Following the departure of Pablo del Sol THYBREATH has found a new guitarist. Morhalo Dima Petrov will tour with the band in support of the Where The Gods Fall album.
AGORAPHOBIC NOSEBLEED's forthcoming EP is called Arc and will be issued through Relapse.
Algerian metal documentary Highway To Lelahell is a 52 minutes documentary tracing the career of Redouane Aouameur, the "emblematic character of the Algerian metal scene." He is in LELAHELL. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JR1wgJeJ6tA&hl=en&cc_load_policy=1
Brazilian all-woman thrash metal band NERVOSA is in the U.S.A. this month recording its second album. The band is at The Foundation studio in Ashland, Oregon and Norcal Studio with producer Brendan Duffey.
German-based CALIBAN will release a new album, called Gravity, on March 25th through Century Media. It was produced by Benny Richter and guitarist Marc Görtz.
SIX FEET UNDER's bassist Jeff Hughell is releasing a demo of songs on the Internet called Trinidad Scorpion Hallucinations.
DESTRUCTION will release a new album, called Under Attack, on May 13th through Nuclear Blast.
Los Angeles-based death metal band THE ZENITH PASSAGE, featuring members of THE FACELESS, FALLUJAH and ALL SHALL PERISH, will release its debut full-length on April 15th through Unique Leader Records. Solipsist is set for release on April 15th and examines the idea of solipsism, a philosophical theory that the self is all that can be known to exist, anything else outside of one's own mind is uncertain.
Edmonton, Canada's Black Mourning Light Metal Festival, a festival of black, doom, and dark death metal has announced after a successful debut during Halloween 2015 that it will be returning for a 2016 edition set for October 22nd.
The World They Took Over, the new full-length by Icelandic band SHOW ME WOLVES is available through London-based Merdumgiriz Records.
Neil Daniels has a new book called Big 4 Encyclopedia. It is a guide to METALLICA, SLAYER, ANTHRAX and MEGADETH.
ANTHRAX and Anthropology? The Smithsonian's National Museum Of American History has posted a video of ANTHRAX called How New York of the '80s Helped Influence Anthrax To Create East Coast Thrash, as part of its Places Of Invention exhibit's interactive online map.
Philippines' death metal band COMATOSE has an album called The Ultimate Revenge through Satanath Records. The band was originally called CHURCH BURNER in 2003.
The third VANAGLORIA album is now available through Suspiria Records. Vestigios De Lo Inhumano is described as modern death and thrash metal.
HUMAN DECAY's Cleptocrazia (Kleptocracy) has been released by Sliptrick Records in April 2015 and will be re-issued in February of 2016 in Europe in CD format. The label has also issued AKHENATEN's Incantations Through The Gates Of Irkalla album. The American band's style is described as "black/death metal with Middle Eastern folk Influences."
Turkish death metal band IN WHITE is entering a studio to record a demo it touts as heavier than its last release. The band has entered a contest to play at Sweden Rock Festival 2016.
BLACK EARTH is a new project featuring former and current members of ARCH ENEMY. The band will be performing music from ARCH ENEMY's first three albums. A Japanese tour is already booked for May. BLACK EARTH is comprised of singer Johan Liiva, guitarists Michael and Christopher Amott, bassist Sharlee D'Angelo and drummer Daniel Erlandsson.
AMON AMARTH will release its next album, Jomsviking, through Metal Blade in North America and Sony Music internationally. Jomsviking is a concept record about tragedy and revenge. AMON AMARTH will conduct a North American headlining tour this spring. It is set to run from April 7th through May 21st with openers ENTOMBED A.D and EXMORTUS.
THIS ENDING, the Swedish death metal band featuring former AMON AMARTH drummer Fredrik Andersson, has signed a deal with Apostasy Records. The group's next album, Garden Of Death, will be released in May.
Finnish death metal band GLORIA MORTI will release a new full-length through Willowtip Records on March 18th. It is entitled Kuebiko.
Southern Lord has announced the addition of LIKE RATS to the label and confirmed that the band's new album will be out in March 2016. Several members of LIKE RATS are also in Chicago-based grindcore band, WEEKEND NACHOS.
New York City-based GERYON is finalizing the band new album, The Wound And The Bow, which will see release in early April through Profound Lore Records.
FROZEN OCEAN's The Prowess Of Dormition is out this month through Apocalyptic Witchcraft. The Russian band is described as "melodic blackened metal."
UK crust metal band HELLBASTARD will be touring the USA commencing in Austin, Texas at The Lost Well on February 18th. The band will play nine shows. Support will be provided by WARWOUND and NERVE DAMAGE.
Sludge band GRAVES AT SEA will issue its debut full-length, The Curse That Is, that the band reports was fifteen years in the making because of splits and line-up volatility. The album will see a worldwide release on April 1st through Relapse Records. Two weeks of shows are in the works.
Calgary, Canada-based grindcore band WAKE has completed its next full-length album, Sowing The Seeds Of A Worthless Tomorrow, for a February release through an international alliance of independent labels. The CD is out through Everyday Hate. Canadian and US shows are being undertaken.
Selfmadegod Records has signed Poland's UNBORN SUFFER and is preparing for the release of the band's new full-length, Nihilist. The band is influenced by NAPALM DEATH.
Metallian Hard
Frontiers Music will release ROYAL HUNT's new live album, entitled Cargo, on March 18th.
After re-signing with Metal Blade last month CRIMINAL will release its new full-length Fear Itself on March 11th.
THIRD ION, featuring former members of THE DEVIN TOWNSEND BAND and INTO ETERNITY, has lost singer Tyler Gilbert and replaced him with Dave Padden (ex-ANNIHILATOR).
RAFF SANGIORGIO is an Italian guitarist, best known for being the co-founder of GORY BLISTER. The man has a solo record called Rebirth through Sliptrick Records.
Virginia's doom metal band KING GIANT has been confirmed as support to PENTAGRAM on a run of dates in March while also announcing that the vinyl version of the latest album, Black Ocean Waves, is being prepared for release.
ACE FREHLEY has announced a number of US shows for this winter and spring.
LITA FORD will release a new album, called Time Capsule, on April 15th through SPV/Steamhammer.
Metallers Moth's Circle Flight's second full-length album My Entropy is due out on March 1st through logic(il)logic Records. The occasion marks the band's tenth anniversary.
New Waste is the forthcoming new long player from Vancouver, Canada-based heavy metal/stoner rock band (publicity calls them "alchemists" but there is no indication they studied chemistry) BLACK WIZARD. It is released on February 12th through Listenable Records.
Dutch modern metal band SELFMACHINE will remain part of the Wormholedeath family. The band has signed a new licensing deal with the label and will enter RealSound Studio in Parma to record its next album.
Diamond Prods is issuing NO MAN EYES' Cosmogony CD. NO MAN EYES is a four-piece from Genoa, Italy. Born in 2011 from the ashes of GRAVEYARD GHOST, the band released its debut CD in 2013. It was entitled Hollow Man and was out through Danish label Mighty Music.
Instrumental tech metal janitors INVOKING THE ABSTRACT has signed to Unique Leader Records for the release of their debut full-length entitled Aural Kaleidoscopes. A release date is unavailable.
Inspired by KEEL? NASTY SAVAGE has reunited and will both record an album and tour. The band is singer Nasty Ronnie, guitarists David Austin and John Mahoney, bassist Fred Dregischan and Greg Gall on drums.
CRADLE OF FILTH has canceled the first four shows of its Inquisitional Torture North American headlining tour due to U.S. visa issues.
Former RAINBOW, WILD HORSES, DIO and GARY MOORE bassist Jimmy Bain died on January 24th. Most recently he was in LAST IN LINE with his former DIO band-mate Vivian Campbell who is currently also in DEF LEPPARD. LAST IN LINE played in Miami, Florida on January 20th and was currently taking part in DEF LEPPARD's Hysteria On The High Seas cruise. Bain was 68. Ironically, DEF LEPPARD singer Joe Elliott was forced to pull out of the band's cruise after coming down with laryngitis. MR BIG's, LAST IN LINE's and other singers took over.
MARYSCREEK has a new album called Infinity released through Escape Music. The Swedish band plays hard rock.
Hailing from Turin, Italy, 'Light and Dark' metal band MISTEYES has signed a worldwide deal with Canadian label Maple Metal Records to release its debut album Creeping Time on April 8th.
BLACK SABBATH bassist Geezer Butler has apologized to former drummer Bill Ward for claiming the band's founding drummer was invited to take part in BLACK SABBATH's final show when he was not. Ward had earlier noted he was not and Butler had contradicted his former band-mate.
Canada's VESPERIA will be entering Blue Sound & Music Studios in Toronto, Canada this March to record the follow-up to 2015's The Iron Tempests demo. Helming the project will be engineer/producer Russ Mackay (MASTODON, IRON MAIDEN and STYX). The new album will feature several Canadian guest musicians and the art will be created by Juno award-winning artist Hugh Syme (RUSH, NEVERMORE and DREAM THEATER).
IRON MAIDEN will travel to China for the first time in April on The Book Of Souls world tour. The band will be playing at Beijing LeSports Center on April 24th and Shanghai Mercedes-Benz Arena on April 26th. The band will issue a mobile game called Iron Maiden: Legacy Of The Beast this summer through Roadhouse Games.
Demon Records will issue a vinyl box set of SAXON's nine studio albums, which were recorded between 1991 and 2009. Eagles And Dragons will be released on March 18th.
X JAPAN is recording an as-yet-untitled album and will have the world premiere of its documentary film We Are X take place at the Sundance Film Festival.
Lion Music will issue STRUCTURAL DISORDER's album Distance on February 25th.
Yet another project for Vinny Appice: CLUTCH singer Neil Fallon and Vinny Appice (MASTERS OF CLASSIC ROCK, RESURRECTION KINGS, LAST IN LINE, STEPHANE HONDE, 3 LEGGED DOGG, KILL DEVIL HILL) have a project called DUNSMUIR. Also in the act are guitarist Dave Bone (THE COMPANY BAND) and bassist Brad Davis (FU MANCHU).
Rome's FUNERAL MANTRA signed a worldwide deal with Sliptrick Records for the release of its album AFTERGLOW, which was issued on December 3rd.
Power metal band ARRAYAN PATH has a new album called Chronicles Of Light through Pitch Black Records. It is the follow-up to 2013's IV: Stigmata.
SPIRITUAL BEGGARS will release its next album, entitled Sunrise To Sundown, on March 18th through InsideOut Music. Per Wiberg (CANDLEMASS, ex-OPETH.) is still on keyboards.
Guitar player Zakk Wylde will release an album called Book Of Shadows II on April 8th through eOne Music. This is the guitar player's first solo record since 1996's Book Of Shadows.
MEGADETH's Dystopia was released on January 22nd through Universal Music Enterprises. It features LAMB OF GOD drummer Chris Adler and ANGRA guitarist Kiko Loureiro. Current MEGADETH bassist David Ellefson and former members Jeff Young (guitar) and Jimmy DeGrasso (drums) were on stage for the Bad Motor Scooter finale at the Ronnie Montrose Remembered event on January 23rd in Santa Ana, California.
Former MORBID ANGEL singer and bassist David Vincent has written and is playing live a country song called Buyer Beware.
Italian pomp rockers RHAPSODY OF FIRE will release a studio album, called Into The Legend, on January 15th through AFM Records.
Former LEATHERWOLF members Carey Howe and Geoff Gayer have recruited Wreck Ignition to form an act called HAUNT OF JACKALS. An Album is being recorded by Cameron Webb (MOTÖRHEAD, etc.).
MOTÖRHEAD's most successful song, the title track to 1980's Ace Of Spades album, has re-entered the U.K. Top 20 following Lemmy Kilmister death from cancer. A group of fans had coordinated the purchase of the song. The band's last drummer Mikkey Dee has joined an incarnation of THIN LIZZY.
Northern Ireland guitarist ERIC BELL, best known as a founding member and the original guitarist for THIN LIZZY will release a new studio album Exile on February 26th through On The Edge/Cargo Records. A UK tour begins in February. THE ERIC BELL TRIO has confirmed it will play at the Sweden Rock Festival 2016 in June. Exile is the first collection of new material since 2009's Lonely Nights In London.
MOB RULES will release an album, called Tales From Beyond, on March 18th through Steamhammer. MOB RULES will open for AXEL RUDI PELL on tour this April.
Melbourne, Australia's INVERLOCH, featuring half of DISEMBOWELMENT, has announced its first-ever full-length release. Now INVERLOCH is set to return this March with the Distance | Collapsed full-length debut through Relapse.
FLOTSAM AND JETSAM and SHADOWS FALL drummer Jason has a new funk rock project called COCONUT DONUT.
GUNS N' ROSES will play two Las Vegas shows on April 8th and 9th before proceeding to California for the Coachella Festival on April 16th and 23rd.
Italian doom metal band GODWATT will release an album called L'Ultimo Sole ('The Last Sun') on the 29th February on LP and CD through Jolly Roger Records.
GYGAX, the new act arisen from the ashes of GYPSYHAWK, has an impending Dungeons And Dragons-inspired Critical Hits debut LP through Creator-Destructor Records.
METAL CHURCH will issue the new album XI on March 25 through the Rat Pak imprint. It is produced by the band's Kurdt Vanderhoof.
DIAMOND HEAD will release a new and self-titled album on March 11th. It features relatively new singer Rasmus Bom Andersen.
Former ANTHRAX guitarist Dan Spitz has joined Don Chaffin of RED LAMB's VOICES OF EXTREME.
Sweden's BULLET has signed with SPV. An album is due in 2017.
Candlelight Records has been purchased by Spinefarm/Universal.
CREMATORY will release its next studio album, Monument, on April 15th through Steamhammer/SPV.
MOTLEY CRUE guitarist Mick Mars is working on his solo album with former band singer John Corabi. Singer VINCE NEIL is also working on a record.
Will MOTLEY CRUE 'return' this year or next?
TED NUGENT and DAVE MUSTAINE have surely opened their mouths and sought bigoted publicity this month.
Metallian Demos
ODIUM - TERRAFORM
Terraform is the band's third full-length. Odium also released an EP, Glass Barricade, all the way back in 2006. This Canadian quintet starts Terrafom with a calm intro called Odyssey. The harsh or screamed double vocals so over-used in the last decade or so appear soon into the full opener. Feral Inversion also features a good solo. The song moves between the metalcore sound and something more progressive. Centipedes is both heavy and showcases good musicianship with slower melody, but the vocals are as typical or cliché as it can get. Return To Form starts slow as if to remain an intermission but soon jumps into the heavy, the band can be considered technical metal and at points the listener can be transported back to something akin to European or Swedish technical death metal bands of the '90s. Delusion starts the same way as the song before it but heavy riffs restart and speed up for an almost full-fledged death metal song and then the (clean) vocals take most of it back. By the time Dead comes along a slow start is expected and it delivers it with some piano. Dead also adds more start-stops to perhaps garner a Fear Factory comparison. The song is saved by the guitars of Bo Louther and Marc Dobson. Failure II and Obsolete follow the same pattern and the clean vocals are still there too. The instrumental The Cell lets the guitarists - including Greg Dawson (who has also mixed and mastered Terraform) on guest solo - shine even more. Redemption features more of the same including of course the clean vocals. The six minute long closer, Displacement Of Hope, starts with a brief new wave keyboard bit. The solo and guitar playing help save it from the keyboards, grunge type middle section and clean vocals ... once again. Check the band at www.facebook.com/odiummusic. – Anna Tergel
SANKTUARY - WINTER'S DOOM
The quartet originally from Canada's north is back for a sophomore full-length. The first review quoted on the band's bio is "It's like a lightweight Havok or Evile". It is doubtful that this is as positive a note as it appears. The seven songs and 33 minutes on Winter's Doom get an '80s heavy or power metal start with Space Race. The vocals of Alan Binger make sure memories of early '80s power metal flood back, the production and music solidify that same feeling. It is a stretch to call a song like Wild Is The Wind thrash, the song is closer to pure heavy metal than even power metal. Binger does seem to try to let go of the higher pitch and sound more aggressive. Vermin Lord starts more mysteriously and builds into what is the first appearance of anything thrashy on Winter's Doom. It is almost seven minutes of solid but not all out speedy metal. The title track follows and tries to retain the thrash but Sanktuary can't avoid a more melodic side and incorporate less speedy sections. The solos vary in form as well. Open Your Eyes tackles the social and political theme and includes crossover-ish screams too. Corpse Blockade features some of the higher pitch vocals again but otherwise it is a mix of the heavy and thrash but not fully of either. Maximum Authority closes Winter's Doom appealing to the '80s thrash fans. Winter's Doom's cover art does the same too. Join the race at www.facebook.com/sanktuarymetal. – Anna Tergel

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Search for: "Dan Auerbach and Dan Auerbach" Results 1 - 12 of 12
Man Loses Bob Dylan Hair in Divorce Settlement
23 Aug 2013, 10:29 am by Kevin
No further details are available yet—TMZ reported it without posting the actual documents—but it appears that Black Keys singer Dan Auerbach will give up some significant assets as part of a divorce settlement finalized this week. [read post]
Lowering the Bar - http://www.loweringthebar.net/
Recent Celebrity Divorce Gives New Meaning To The Phrase "Splitting Hairs" :: Separation and Divorce Lawyers in Charlotte, North Carolina
22 Aug 2013, 1:27 pm
In a bizarre case that highlights just how strange some celebrity splits can be, Black Keys guitarist Dan Auerbach and his wife have finalized their divorce. [read post]
Charlotte Divorce Lawyer Blog - http://www.charlottedivorcelawyerblog.com/
More Historical Data on First Year and Total Enrollment
15 Jan 2014, 6:22 am by Alfred Brophy
I think this helps put into more context the discussion Dan, PaulB, Mack and others have been having in the comments to Dan's post about the causes of the increase in enrollment in law school. [read post]
What is Considered "Property" in a Divorce Case?
9 May 2014, 9:00 am
In a recent divorce between Black Keys' singer, Dan Auerbach, and his former wife, Stephanie Gonis, the parties divided an unusual asset - a lock of Bob Dylan's hair. [read post]
San Diego Divorce Attorneys Blog - http://www.sandiegodivorceattorneysblog.com/
47 Prominent Technologists to NSA Review Panel: We Need Better Technical Oversight
4 Oct 2013, 3:08 pm by Dan Auerbach and Dan Auerbach
Ben Adida Ross Anderson, University of Cambridge Dan Auerbach, Electronic Frontier Foundation Brian Behlendorf, Board Member at EFF, Mozilla, and Benetech Steven M. [read post]
Deeplinks Blog - https://www.eff.org/deeplinks
Not Everyone Is Satisfied with Spotify Settlement — Chicago Copyright Attorneys
7 Jul 2018, 12:34 pm by Peter S. Lubin, Vincent L. DiTommaso and Patrick Austermuehle
Wixen Publishing Group, which represents such songwriters as Tom Petty and Dan Auerbach, not only opted out of the class, but also filed a motion listing his reasons for believing the settlement is unfair to the class of plaintiffs. [read post]
Chicago Business Litigation Lawyer Blog - http://www.chicagobusinesslitigationlawyerblog.com/
EFF Has Lavabit's Back in Contempt of Court Appeal
24 Oct 2013, 4:14 pm by Dave Maass
"When a private key has been discovered or disclosed to another party, all users' past and future communications are compromised," EFF Staff Technologist Dan Auerbach said. [read post]
@eriqgardner: Spotify Hit With $1.6 Billion Copyright Lawsuit Over Tom Petty, Weezer, Neil Young Songs [Music Modernization Act Fallout]
2 Jan 2018, 4:17 pm by Chris Castle
But before any of this happens, the Stockholm, Sweden-based streaming giant must now contend with a massive new copyright lawsuit from Wixen Music Publishing, which administers song compositions by Tom Petty, Zach De La Rocha and Tom Morello of Rage Against the Machine, The Black Keys' Dan Auerbach, Steely Dan's Donald Fagen, Weezer's Rivers Cuomo, David Cassidy, Neil Young, Sonic Youth's Kim Gordon, Stevie Nicks and many others. [read post]
Music - Technology - Policy - http://www.musictechpolicy.com/
"Sunday Morning" on April 22, 2012
22 Apr 2012, 6:06 am by Lawrence B. Ebert
Dan Auerbach and Patrick Carney on drums. [read post]
IPBiz - http://ipbiz.blogspot.com/
CBS Sunday Morning on September 2, 2012
2 Sep 2012, 6:06 am by Lawrence B. Ebert
Dan Auerbach (guitar, vocals) and Patrick Carney (drums) from Akron, Ohio. [read post]
Case Western "Signifiers in Cyberspace" Conference Recap
Dan Hunter spoke about a new paper he's writing with Mark McKenna. [read post]
Technology & Marketing Law Blog - http://blog.ericgoldman.org/


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Louisville Advances To ACC Semi-Finals After 65-53 Win Over Wake Forest
Chrissy Banta March 5, 2021
Basketball173 views
The No. 5 Louisville Cardinals kicked off their ACC tournament run this afternoon in Greensboro against the Demon Deacons of Wake Forest, who gave them some trouble during the regular season.
The Cards came out with aggression in the first quarter and played a good defensive game. Thankfully, that is what helped them hold onto their lead through the first period because the shooting numbers were not great. Dana Evans would get her first three pointer of the day less than three minutes in, but those would be her only points in the quarter. As a team, Louisville was 8-23 through the first ten minutes and 1-5 behind the three-point line. The team was able to force 5 Wake Forest turnovers and get several stops on the defensive end. There was still a strong sense of aggression in the second quarter, but things were a little sloppier for Louisville through the last ten minutes of the half. Dana Evans was 1-9 from the field and had trouble getting in her groove. She saw less playing time during the first half, I am sure due to Coach Walz wanting to preserve her energy for the remainder of the weekend. Hailey Van Lith was able to get going in the second quarter, being one of eight players to score but the only one in double digits. She finished out the first half with two back-to-back three-pointers to help her team keep their lead going into the halftime break.
The third quarter was also a struggle on the offensive end for Louisville. They tallied 6 turnovers and scored just 13 points going 5-11 from the field. By the end of the third quarter, Louisville still had not been to the free-throw line. Wake Forest however, had been several times. They were 16-21 on free-throws by the end of the third quarter, giving us a tie game going into the last ten minutes of play. Olivia Cochran, Kianna Smith, and Liz Dixon all found themselves in foul trouble in the third quarter. Kianna Smith picked up her fourth foul early in the fourth quarter. Lousiville would finally make it to the free throw line with 5:35 left in the game, and with Liz Dixon at the line they would be 0-2. Hailey Van Lith continued to play an incredible game through the fourth quarter. She would reach a new career-high 24 points after scoring 8 in the last ten minutes of the game. The Cards saw contributions in scoring from 10 different players this afternoon, including Ahlana Smith and Ramani Parker.
Leaders for today:
Scoring- Hailey Van Lith, 24
Assists- Dana Evans, 7
Rebounds- Mykasa Robinson, 8
In his postgame press conference, Coach Walz acknowledges the fact that Wake Forest is a tournament team. He was really pleased with the way Ramani Parker stepped up today during her 15 minutes of play. He says he has not seen that from her in practice and he hopes today was a springboard for her. Coach Walz also said Mykasa had a remarkable performance with her 8 rebounds, 4 assists, and 2 steals. On Dana Evans, he said that these are the games she will learn from. She will figure out how to do things other than score. He was pleased with some of her decision making. Coach Walz said he needs to do a better job on coaching how to get fouled and takes the blame for Louisville's lack of free throws today.
When asked about her game play today, Hailey Van Lith said she knew she needed to hit the shots so that's what she did when her teammates found her. On Dana Evans, Hailey stated that Dana still did tangible things to help the team today despite low scoring. Hailey also said that it's nice to show everyone that they're deep without Dana on the floor and it was a good confidence boost for everyone.
Louisville will move on to the semi-finals scheduled for tomorrow at noon on the ACC network. They will play the winner of Florida State vs. Syracuse.
Chrissy Banta
Latest posts by Chrissy Banta (see all)
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Overcoming A Scandal


The election for Third Ward representative to the Columbia City Council is more than five months away, but the two candidates � who have faced off twice for the seat � already are arguing with each other. This time, it's over whose name appears first on the April ballot.
Former Third Ward Councilman Karl Skala filed yesterday to run for the seat he held from 2007 to 2010 before he was unseated by current Third Ward Councilman Gary Kespohl, who filed for re-election yesterday. Skala said he began waiting outside City Hall just after 4 a.m. for City Clerk Sheela Amin to arrive so he could file. Amin said she did not arrive at her office yesterday until about 7:45.
When she arrived, both men were waiting to file petitions. Kespohl had arrived at City Hall later than Skala, but he had managed to get to City Hall's second floor � where Amin's office is located � before Skala. When Amin arrived, Kespohl and Skala argued over who arrived first.
"Then it was a little tense," Skala said. Amin stamped both of their petitions as being submitted at 8 a.m. and left the matter to City Counselor Fred Boeckmann. According to the city charter, names are listed on the ballot in the order in which nominating petitions are submitted to the clerk, and Amin said staff might consider a different method of determining who is first. "It's being looked into," Amin said.
Skala said being listed first on the ballot could earn the votes of people who don't follow the race. The 2007 and 2010 contests between Kespohl and Skala were both decided by fewer than 70 votes. Kespohl noted that the victor in both races was listed second on the ballot.
"I was up at 5 o'clock this morning, and I thought about filing. Does that count?" Kespohl said yesterday in an interview.
In the last race between Kespohl and Skala, Kespohl slammed Skala over personal expenses that he charged to the city during his time as a council representative. According to city expense reports, Kespohl has billed the city for one charge in his first term: A $375 registration fee for a 2011 National League of Cities event in Phoenix.
Candidate filing also opened yesterday for Columbia mayor and the Fourth Ward representative.
In 2010, the Columbia Chamber of Commerce endorsed Kespohl, Mayor Bob McDavid and Fourth Ward Councilman Daryl Dudley in their respective elections.
McDavid did not file for re-election yesterday, and he said he plans to wait a month to announce whether he is going to run.
"That's going to be a timely decision," McDavid said. He won a six-way race for his seat with 54 percent of votes. Dudley, who filed for re-election yesterday, was elected to his seat with 36 percent of votes after a four-way race.
Dudley's first term on the council has not come without challenges. He faced a recall challenge last year as the boundaries to the city's wards were being considered for reapportionment to account for shifts in Columbia's population revealed in the 2010 census.
During the reapportionment effort, Dudley proposed a measure to expand the First Ward to annex the Benton-Stephens neighborhood from the Third Ward and neighborhoods in the northeast corner of the Fourth Ward � a plan that opponents said was an attempt to gerrymander progressive residents out of the Third and Fourth wards.
Recall organizers ceased their efforts after the council rejected Dudley's proposal and instead approved a reapportionment scheme that expanded the First Ward westward to Silvey Street, which instead took territory from the Second Ward. Dudley cast the sole dissenting vote on the proposal.


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SIR ALEX Ferguson has vowed that Manchester United are not heading for Thursday nights on Channel 5 this season.
The Old Trafford boss insisted his side had learned from last season, when they failed to qualify from their Champions League group.
United crashed into the Europa League after losing 2-1 to FC Basel in December – only the third time in 17 years that they had failed to advance.
Last night, the three-time European champions again drew what looked like a fairly easy group in Romanian club Cluj, Galatasary of Turkey and Portuguese side Braga.
Their task in Group H certainly looked a breeze compared to big rivals Manchester City, who ended up with Borussia Dortmund, Ajax – and Real Madrid.
But a year ago the likes of Basel, Benfica and another Romanian club, Otelul Galati, hardly looked daunting for United.
Their only victories, though, came against debut-making Otelul Galati, who ended their domestic season in sixth place.
But last night Fergie said his men would not be taking any of their opponents lightly as they bid to go all the way in the Champions League, which has its final at Wembley.
"Braga are one of the improving teams in that country," he said.
Midfielder Michael Carrick, who was yesterday named in the England squad, said: "The Premier League is the priority but when the Champions League comes round, of course you put everything into it.
"We won't be taking our eye off the ball at all,especially after what happened last season.
"We know the work has to be done now and hopefully we've learned from last season and can have a much better campaign this time.
"We let ourselves down as a squad. Our home form was very disappointing but our away form was good.
United chief executive David Gill also insisted Wayne Rooney was the man to fire the club to European glory. It has been claimed the injured England striker could be on his way out of Old Trafford.
But Gill said: "That's absolute garbage – he's definitely not for sale.
Champions League winners Chelsea also should go through, with Juventus, Shakhtar Donetsk and FC Nordsjaelland joining them in Group E.
Danish side Nordsjaelland are the shock team in the tournament.
They won their title despite having a stadium with just a capacity of 10,100 and coming from a town, Farum, with a population of just 18,422. They will play their home games at Parken in Copenhagen, home of the Danish national team.
Their squad includes Andreas Laudrup, the nephew of former Chelsea winger Brian, and son of Swansea manager Michael.
"Like Man City, we are playing three champions," said Blues secretary David Barnard.
Arsenal also appeared to strike it lucky, going into Group B with Germany club Schalke, Greek side Olympiakos and French club Montpellier.
Their first game will see them travel to the French champions, meaning a quick return for striker Olivier Giroud, signed for £10m this summer.


With the warm weather upon us, and spring finally here, we just can't seem to get our head out of the clouds, dreaming about all the fun that the new season will bring. Last week we talked about how essential oils can help with many of your spring-cleaning needs, and this week is no different in regard to speaking of spring. This week however, I'm going to share a much more enjoyable topic than cleaning. I'm talking about cocktails.
As the temperatures warm up, we will hopefully find ourselves enjoying the outdoors more and more, and may even be able to grill out in the near future. As for me, refreshing cocktails and grilling out kind of go hand in hand. You may not realize it, but all the different balsamic flavors at The Tea Tree make excellent additions to said cocktails. I came up with a couple of wonderful drink recipes using The Tea Tree's Peach Balsamic that I will share below. Now, I did my research on this topic, and like any good researcher, I did some trial and error for myself. The first recipe is the perfect delicious treat for a patio party or for a springtime brunch. For those of you looking for something with a little more bite, go ahead and give the second a whirl. So, without further ado… enjoy!
and pour over blended peach mixture. Garnish with raspberries.
Cheers to warmer temperatures and delicious cocktails!


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Team of 2017: Alma Wallace (Captain), Darcell Apelu, Kylea Heaton, Rochelle Molan, Ashleigh Heath, Raewyn Windley, Kerry Mahuika and Shannon Hodgetts. Mikayla Tainui-McLean (Cadet 2017).
What a series against the Australians and the Americans at the Sydney Royal Show!
Alma Wallace, what an inspirational Captain, she certainly put everything into this squad and to come out with a win was like icing on the cake.
The team of ladies pulled out all the stops to take the series. What an amazing final race and with each discipline we pulled further ahead. Everyone cut the best race possible and to win by that margin was down to the training the ladies had done prior to Sydney.
A Kiwi took out this award again: Shannon Hodgetts – well deserved.
Royal Easter Show: Winner; Shannon Hodgetts, Christchurch NZ.
Well done Shannon, you certainly deserved this. (Mikhayla Tainui-McLean took this out last year).
To all our helpers, Shane Jordan (who did an amazing job calling for both our underhand cutters through their logs), Charles Hall, Neville Bowen, Janette Meyer (wedgers), Faavae Sefo (working hard on our axes), Tuatahi (for getting our saws ready on time) and all the other help we had in the ring – setting up and giving advice and encouragement. Invaluable.
I would also like to acknowledge Mook Hohneck for his assistance in Sydney.
I would like to wish the Axe Ferns all the best of luck for 2018.


This last month was living hell if it ever was one. Let's see, I've already racked up close to 60 hours of overtime and I still have a whole next week for more. There were a couple days where I showed up at the office at 8AM and left 11:30PM. Not to mention I caught two different colds for the last two weeks. Luckily, I've gotten through the rough patch. I think. Took a look at my bank balance yesterday and was shocked but not totally surprised. I knew it was coming as I had somehow managed to charge close to $3000 dollars to my card what with the various doodads I've been buying.
My goal from today is to stop drinking alcohol after getting home (after I finish that bottle of wine) and binge eating chocolate at night. It was certainly a growing experience and I do plan to take it easy for a bit starting with a truly refreshing weekend after finally being freed from a deadline. You don't know how much of a relief this is. Next week I'm going to start partying more and taking some victims with me.
Not to bore you with my boring life, here are some nice tidbits I walked away with.
I do this seven days a week. Only on weekends I might read the paper, watch TV, or exercise then sleep a little more but never sleep past noon, it'll screw up the rest of your week after Sunday. Keeping a regular sleep schedule is probably one of the best things you can do for your mental health. If you can't wake up then it means you need to sleep earlier not wake up later. I can measure the stress I feel based on how dreadful I feel on waking.
The more turbulent your working life, the more your other routines should remain. For me, it was exercise in the morning. That's where I draw the line. Remember, a day has 24 hours and all you're doing is subtraction. If you subtract too much sleep and add too much work, you die or bore others to death with your zombie state. The good news is that even if you subtract a bit of work, nobody dies. Trust me. You just need to work on multiplying the time that you do indeed subtract for work.
We all need a little intensity to spice up our life. Without a little pressure you will not grow beyond your limits and for people, limits are always fluid and flexible. Of course, there is too much of a good thing. There's a fine difference between a passionate affair and a stalker. Don't let work be a stalker. Even if it costs you a tiny promotion, definitely decompress after you put in a full effort. Otherwise, your brain will probably not reap the benefits anyway.
The best way for me to relax is to either exercise or watch a movie. I can literally feel my head spinning after some intense programming sessions. Even after my hands stop my head keeps twirling and twirling like a broken record. The only way to get out of that maddening loop is to shut off all the rational facilities (obviously not happening) or divert their attention. Exercise, movie watching, and sleep are probably the only real moments for me to really get away from it all. Wouldn't mind reading a book but that takes effort and something I don't want to do when I'm tired.
Things that don't stop my brain from spinning are: video games and web surfing. I try not to do these things as they get my brain off of work but end up keeping my brain in a semi-excited state. Beer helps too, but for that you pay a stiff price.
It really depends on what you are into. There are some people who do needle point or play instruments (wish I could do that). Whatever it is, indulge in it as soon as you hit the office door. You'll get better sleep too.
That's all for now. I'm going to start looking at my options for a better way to spend the weekends other than watching movies with a glassy look in my eyes or shopping groceries. All the productivity tips in the world can't save you from becoming a zombie unless you get creative on the weekends. Wish me luck.
I was checking out a book on Bruce Lee's martial arts legacy the other day and just couldn't help but reflect and be inspired by the man. Although he died at a young age, he pursued martial arts with an intensity that couldn't be matched by even serious masters at a young age.
He was the classic "warrior-philosopher" in the tradition of Miyamoto Musashi of the modern day and a rock star in the tradition of Jimi Hendrix or Jim Morrison, leaving a considerable legacy of promise and unfinished perfection. The pictures of him told an amazing story of the man, a body ripped to shreds; eyes that were painfully shy, intense, and expressive at the same time; physical fitness to utter perfection: one-thumb push-ups, impossible balance moves, and quickness.
He could be fierce as a tiger when striking an opponent while eerily cool and calm while absorbing an attack. His fighting form spoke volumes of a person obsessed with martial arts. Martial artists, bodybuilders, and athletes from all walks of life have felt his legacy. The abomination that is current Hollywood action flicks try to carry the torch with wire-action, stop-motion cameras, 360 degree panning, computer graphics, and other technological enhancements. Still, the more you chase Bruce Lee, the more you appreciate that he will never be surpassed or even replaced. His legacy is his.
I walked away from the book with lots of inspiration. I want to take physical fitness more seriously and also strive for something with more intensity, to make something mine and to leave it as a legacy.
It's not who you know, it's how many. Or is it?
They say it's not what you know but who you know. In social networking it seems like it's not who you know but how many. The most blatant example is Tom of MySpace fame must be hard to have a life when you have millions of friends in the double digits. Whenever a new social networking site launches it's like a land rush where everybody goes out to claim their little space.
I really haven't seen a social networking site that handles these relationships all that great. You either have mutual friends or one way friends or a mixture of both. There's really no index for quality other than the fact that it's the people you're messaging the most often. The experience doesn't really scale.
Maybe that's the reason why these social networks do a great job of promoting minor celebrities. It works because you have legions of admirers and fans that you can broadcast information to on upcoming shows, club appearances, etc. and not get back to each of them. But for the average user, that really doesn't scale. You can't get away with one way communication.
I actually have experience using social networking sites to build real communities. I've hosted all kinds of events for the group with the largest being a party for 200 people. The pool of registered users is around 1000 with quite a few emails that bounce. It's been three years and now I do absolutely no recruiting or advertising. Why? Because now I'm more concerned with quality.
These past couple of days I've been experimenting a little with MyBlogLog. It's still a very young service with lots of potential. The idea of a distributed social network for bloggers is just too enticing to pass up. Right now is the best time for experimenting because lots of people are exploring and testing what works as well. I think the biggest thing about social networks is that early adopters get a good advantage if they work on it.
Just like my social group, building something from it's infancy lets you cultivate your network more. You get to play a mentoring role to newcomers and even have more access to the great people building the service simply because you've stuck with it and you've experienced more of the system.
I've found that MLB's blog communities are the real gold mine. Your own blog communities add a layer of value that even goes beyond RSS subscribers, usually the most loyal. Ever since implementing MLB I've seen comments to my blog go up quite a bit. Maybe it's because when they see their avatar on my widget they feel more comfortable making a comment (after all, I already know who visitied) but it's really good. I also feel like it's helping to keep down random trolls from talking trash too (we'll have to see).
However, I did get some good traffic and didn't encounter any of the comment moderation dilemmas a lot of sites experience. MLB's idea to separate your blogging acquaintances from community members is a great way to add value to a typical social network. You really don't need that many community members to start a great dialogue with your readers. Just explore the world around you and foster your community.


text:
Big Picture Climate Change Cost Effective Emissions Impossible Technological Sideshow Utter Futility
Stern Remarks #1 : The S-Curve on Technology Progress
No Comments on Stern Remarks #1 : The S-Curve on Technology Progress
[ Comments on "A Blueprint for a Safer Planet" by Nicholas Stern ]
So, I might be promoting sales of Nicholas Stern's book with this post, but actually I think we should all read this book, just to be conscious of how Neoliberal Economics hasn't evolved to encompass reality, even if it thinks it has.
There are many statements, assertions and hopes about the progress and possibilities of technology in Nicholas Stern's book "A Blueprint for a Safer Planet : How to Manage Climate Change and Create a New Era of Progress and Prosperity".
In the league table of narratives, some of his texts are as worthy as a comforting bedtime story for a child. I think I should draw out some of the real problems in his soothing optimism, to show his promised land might be forever over the mountains.
I've read the whole book once to try and get the flavour. It was dry enough to send me off to sleep on several occasions. Now I have started to go back through it with a fine comb and red pencil. I haven't finished this job (for instance, I fell asleep reading it on the train yesterday), but I have identified several key threads, particularly in relation to technology, that need challenging.
I will start first with the myth of ever-increasing efficiency in any given technology :-
"If we start now and plan carefully, the costs of achieving low-carbon growth will be modest relative to the risks avoided. And we shall discover many new opportunities along the way that are likely to make costs much lower than we might now anticipate."
"The hurdle there is not locating resources – often we know they are there – but inventing cost-effective and environmentally responsible ways to extract them."
"Among emissions associated with energy, reductions through efficiency will be of substantial importance right across the board. There is great scope in most sectors in most countries. And progress can be made quickly."
"Technical progress in the storage of electricity through different forms of battery is likely to be swift…"
"In the longer term, alternative [aviation] fuels with a strong power-to-weight ratio will be essential. This is a crucial research challenge, and at the moment biofuels seem the most promising contender."
"Emissions from cars can be reduced rapidly through the design of engines and control systems…"
"…invest strongly in new technologies…These include still further improvements in solar power, better batteries, enhanced photosynthesis, new generations of biofuels, nuclear fusion and so on. The possibilities are both exciting and enormous."
"The changes in technologies required to get to a low-carbon world are likely to usher in a new burst of innovation, creativity and investment."
"[a low carbon world] This is a very attractive world and it is not fanciful. It can be built using policies and technologies we broadly understand and can develop and implement. It is a world where we can realise our ambitions for growth, development and poverty reduction across all nations…And previous examples of rapid change in investment and technologies show that we can achieve, in the timescale that is necessary, the deep cuts in emissions necessary for a safer planet."
"by the time we get to 2050, there may have been – indeed there will be, if we invest in it – substantial technical progress which will shift these curves down."
"technical progress is likely to be very rapid."
"[costs] could decrease if technological progress is faster than the fairly modest assumption built into the calculations."
Now, most students of the broad discipline of Engineering are aware of what is known as the S-Curve of Improvement in Efficiency.
For each technological implementation, there is an intial period of slow progress in performance, followed by a more steeply rising increase in performance over time, followed by a tailing off of the performance increases.
The steep section of improvement is the period where major drawbacks with the technology are addressed, leading to rapid improvements.
Let us take a simple example that most people can relate to. The rollout of bicycles into the city environment started haltingly. But as soon as the need for cycle lanes and signage was agreed, things started to improve rapidly. These days, most European cities have bicycle provision on roads.
However, there are still fatalities, injuries and other problems with cycling in the city. Making things better from this point on will be slow and possibly quite expensive. We might need to have a universal 20 miles per hour speed limit in all built-up areas in Britain, coupled with dedicated cycle tracks separated from other road traffic in places of high traffic density. Cycling in the city has followed the S-Curve of improving efficiency.
It is true that sometimes technologies can undergo an evolution that gives them a crack at a new S-Curve in progress. Take the development of the designs of microprocessors used in computing. But there are many technologies where the forms don't make these radical side-steps, because they simply cannot.
What Energy technologies have faced the S-Curve in implementation and are now in the slow, later phases ? And which can side-step into new "species" with their own possibilities for efficiency gains ?
Startlingly, it seems that there are true gains that could be made in battery efficiencies by using compressed air instead of electrolyte to hold the potential energy.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/scienceandtechnology/science/sciencenews/5353809/Worlds-first-battery-fuelled-by-air.html
"World's first battery fuelled by air : The world's first battery fuelled by air – with 10 times the storage capacity of conventional cells – has been unveiled. : 20 May 2009 : Scientists say the revolutionary 'STAIR' (St Andrews Air) battery could now pave the way for a new generation of electric cars, laptops and mobile phones. The cells are charged in a traditional way but as power is used or 'discharged' an open mesh section of battery draws in oxygen from the surrounding air…"
And compress air could be used directly to drive electric cars :-
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_car
If both of these developments survive and thrive, they would represent genuine evolution of both battery and motor vehicle technology, and would start up the S-Curve for themselves, starting at a higher efficiency than the old brand of the technology they replace.
But when we look beyond gadgets to things like traditional electricity generation technologies, we are really looking at dinosaurs. Not just dinosaurs, but old dinosaurs.
Efficiency gains are not, and will not be, speedy, from Coal-fired belching behemoth power plants :-
https://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/electricity/page/co2_report/co2report.html
"The average thermal efficiency of coal-fired plants went from 33.15 percent to 33.54 percent in 1999…Some technology is available to limit CO2 emissions, but it is extremely expensive."
https://www.euractiv.com/en/energy/analysis-efficiency-coal-fired-power-stations-evolution-prospects/article-154672
"Analysis: Efficiency of coal-fired power stations – evolution and prospects : Published: Tuesday 25 April 2006 : According to Hans-Dieter Schilling (Energie-Fakten), the average efficiency of all coal power stations in the world currently stand at around 31%, leaving a vast potential to reduce coal consumption and CO2 emissions."
https://www.sealnet.org/s/8.pdf
"In the years 1910, efficiency had already increased to 5%, reaching 20% by 1920. In the fifty's, power plants achieved 30% efficiency, but the average efficiency of all operating power plants was still a modest 17%…continuous development resulted around the mid 80's in an average efficiency of 38% for all power stations, and best values of 43%. In the second half of the nineties, a Danish power plant set a world record at 47%. Power stations based on brown coal are a few % less efficient than stations using hard coal, because of the different nature of the fuel. Nevertheless, RWE's brown coal optimised power station 'BoA' that started operation in 2002, reached 45.3% efficiency, the highest value ever achieved by a brown coal power station. The average efficiency of all coal power stations in the world is around 31%."
https://a1.siemens.com/innovation/en/news_events/ct_pressemitteilungen/index/e_research_news/2008/index/e_22_resnews_0814_2.htm
"Coal-fired Power Plant with 50% Efficiency Rating…The energy provider E.ON is planning to put such a world record-breaking power plant into operation in Wilhelmshaven in 2014."
By my simple reckoning, that makes efficiency improvements at less than half of one percent per year.
And in terms of Carbon emissions saved, this is completely wiped out by the rapid expansion of coal-fired power generation.
I'd say that Coal-firing is in the later stages of the development of the technology, with no option of evolution.
I think Nick Stern is being over-confident in his trust in rapid improvements in technological efficiency, and that this truly reduces the usefulness of his big picture.
Tags Climate Change, coal, Energy
← The Eleven Year Time Horizon → Summer of Stupidity


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For The Carolina Panthers, No Price Is Too High For Deshaun Watson
New York Knicks Defense Earning Praise Around NBA
Kyrie Irving Apologizes To Fans, Gets Emotional In Citing 'Family And Personal Stuff' For Extended Absence
NFL Playoff Bracket 2021: Super Bowl LV Odds And Conference Championship Betting Lines, Spreads
Hege Riise Becomes The First World Champion To Coach An England National Team
Can AI Scouting Tech Identify The Premier League Talents Of The Future?
Editors' Pick| May 15, 2020, 07:00am EDT |
How Soccer Scouting Has Changed, And Why It's Never Going Back
Robert KiddSenior Contributor
I cover sports business focusing on soccer (football)
In its search for new players, Burnley is one of the more than 800 soccer clubs using digital ... [+] platform Wyscout. (Photo by Richard Sellers/EMPICS/PA Images via Getty Images)
EMPICS/PA Images via Getty Images
There was once a man in Bulgaria, or maybe it was Hungary, who provided an in-demand service for the world's top soccer clubs.
"You'd say 'can you give us these specific games?' And then we'd pay an extortionate amount of money for it, he'd stick the DVDs (of the matches) in the post, and 10 days later the DVDs would turn up," Mike Rigg, Technical Director of English Premier League club Burnley FC, told me in an interview.
"We didn't know what the quality would be like. Sometimes it was good, sometimes it was dreadful."
The business of soccer scouting has changed a lot in a relatively short time. Where Rigg once had to wait days for a DVD of questionable quality for a glimpse of a potential signing, he can now almost instantly watch any player he chooses.
Burnley is one of the more than 800 soccer clubs using Wyscout, a digital platform that collects video and performance data from players and matches across the world.
Started by two friends who initially filmed matches as a hobby, Wyscout was acquired by sports software business Hudl last year.
"You've literally got the world of football at your fingertips with Wyscout," Rigg said.
Burnley Technical Director Mike Rigg. (Photo by Mike Egerton/EMPICS/PA Images via Getty Images)
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"And it's not just looking at a player in two or three or a dozen games, we're analyzing players over two or three seasons.
"You can think about how it's changed scouting from every level – efficiency, productivity, time, cost. And ultimately, it's volume."
Rigg, who has previously held roles including Head of Player Acquisition at Manchester City and Head of Talent Identification at the English Football Association, heads up Burnley's team of scouts and analysts. Together they cover 45 global leagues, as well as youth and full international matches using the Wyscout platform.
"We would never make a decision to sign a player by just watching video clips. But video analysis is part of a really important process of filtering the vast amount of players that we see and trying to get to a point where we can then go out and basically confirm," Rigg said.
"So if we want to see a player that's playing in Denmark, for example, we've now got the opportunity to see every single minute of every game that player has played. I can get my team scouts, let's say 12 or 13 of us, and we can pick one player and say, 'right, everybody do 10 games, and we're going to watch the last 130 games of this player'.
"There's the constant discussion about what's more important, live or video? It's about both and what value both have. Traditionally scouts will jump in a car or on a train or plane at great expense in terms of time and cost to see a player two or three times and say, 'this is the player we want'. I'm saying we have to flip that around the other way.
"Follow him over a period of time and then when you do go out and see him live, you're going out on the back of having already made a decision. You've filtered down and you want this player. Seeing him live is the confirmation."
Rigg has spent 35 years in soccer, enough to remember the days when players ate fish and chips and drank beers, and the sport was skeptical of science.
"At the start of my career in football there was no such thing as sports science," he said.
"The game has evolved as society's evolved and we've all become creatures of better knowledge and understanding with regards to how science can improve our daily lives. And that also applied itself to football.
"The science culture has really taken grip of every element of football and rightly so. It's then just down to each individual club to decide how you apply that and how much you embrace."
The coronavirus pandemic has forced a different way of working but, while soccer matches have halted, clubs have not stopped searching for new players.
Rigg said his team's workload had "increased tenfold", with more time available to analyze more players using the Wyscout platform.
"I think this pandemic has enabled us to address how productive we are with our time. All of us have been jumping in cars and driving an hour-and-a-half to have a 30-minute meeting and now we're thinking, we can just do that on Zoom," Rigg, who joined Burnley in late 2018, said.
"From the comfort of our own homes, we've had the opportunity to analyze more players, and in a lot more detail. We're covering Latin America right the way through to the whole of Europe."
Burnley casts a wide net, yet knows it may have to compete with wealthier Premier League rivals for the same players. An advantage for Rigg is knowing exactly what attributes Burnley manager Sean Dyche looks for in a player, from technical and tactical, to physical and social fit.
"We're very fortunate with Sean Dyche. He's really, really clear on the kind of characteristics and profiles that he wants for the player," Rigg said.
"If you look at some of the smart investments that the club has made and the results achieved, the manager and the chairman have a model of how they want to work which I think's been extremely successful."
The impact of the pandemic is almost certain to reduce the amount clubs spend on player transfers. The battle to find hidden gems, at reasonable prices, is likely to intensify.
But, even if soccer's economy is smaller post-pandemic, access to potential new players has never been bigger.
The days of DVDs in the post aren't ever coming back.
Robert Kidd
As a Senior Contributor for Forbes, I write about sports business with a particular focus on the world's most popular sport – soccer (football). My articles cover
As a Senior Contributor for Forbes, I write about sports business with a particular focus on the world's most popular sport – soccer (football). My articles cover everything from financial developments and analytical advancements to interviews with top players, club owners and executives, investors and other interesting figures within the sport. I've written for publications including BBC Sport, The Guardian, Off The Pitch, The Independent, FC Business and SBS The World Game. I also work for La Liga TV, covering Valencia, Levante UD and Villarreal. Follow me on Twitter at @rob_kidd1 and see examples of my work at www.robertkidd.net


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