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The Educators Behind Future Teachers at Thomas College
December 17, 2019 by Mackenzie Riley
In September, the Thomas College community celebrated both the great strides it has made in education programming and the dedication of the Peter and Paula Lunder School of Education. Education faculty are already thinking about what comes next in the School's evolution.
Dr. Wally Alexander has served at the College for almost 20 years and has seen the Education program grow into one that helps prepare students for the field using innovative tools.
"Our graduates who have entered the profession have been highly successful and are currently in high demand," he says. "It is very fulfilling to think about the number of young people who are now benefiting from the work we have done with our students here at Thomas. The programming at the Lunder School of Education is forward-thinking. The intent is to prepare students to meet the current status quo and to prepare them for where education is headed."
Dr. Alexander is proud to have been involved in the Lunder School of Education's progression – from growing enrollment of the K-8 program; designing the Master's in Education program; co-writing the Early Childhood Education program; establishing the secondary programs; and, assisting in the planning and grant writing for the Center for Innovation in Education.
Before teaching pre-service teachers at Thomas, he taught both elementary and secondary grade levels.
"I believe that our students learn at least as much from watching us work as they do from reading and studying," he notes. "In all my classes, I try to model the type of instruction I hope they implement with their future students. It is critical to have clear expectations and to provide multiple pathways for students to meet standards. It's difficult to teach in a manner that you have never experienced. For that reason, the methods classes I teach focus on 'living' the activities, not just reading about them."
Dr. Richard Biffle, professor of Education and Anthropology at Thomas College, is proud to bring Science, Technology, Engineering, Art, and Mathematics (STEAM) to his students. He knows the course work will help them excel as future educators.
"As the designer of the STEAM portion of the Center for Innovation in Education, I take great pride in the creation of innovative and imaginative STEAM seminars and workshops; student-centered courses that are interdisciplinary and project-based; a Pre-K-12 professional development series for students, teachers, and administrators; and, leadership roundtables focusing on proficiency-based learning across disciplines, STEM to STEAM models, technology integration, and universal instructional design."
It's a reason why Dr. Biffle feels so excited moving forward with the Lunder School of Education.
"I believe the purpose of education is to keep curiosity alive in students and faculty so that each and every one will strive to reach his or her full potential throughout life. I believe that the Lunder School of Education will foster inquiry and rekindle intellectual curiosity, areas that many institutions and educational programs have all too often smothered."
Dr. Biffle has worked at Thomas College for nearly a decade and brings with him an extensive background and leadership in social justice, as well as equity and diversity training and program development.
"I love to teach. I enjoy working with resourceful, knowledgeable, energetic, and committed students; and, I enjoy the daily interactions with colleagues and Pre-K-12 school personnel and working in an environment that is comfortable and supportive. Additionally, I enjoy being around people who make me think and who challenge my ideas," he says.
He believes that all his students are talented and gifted, and that it's up to him to bring out the gifts. "Therefore, all the education students I've worked with over the years have a unique blend of skills and expertise in making successful contributions to the field of education. I'm honored to have been part of their journey."
Dr. Katie Rybakova has been a part of the Thomas College community for more than four years and has already made an impact on students by challenging them and giving them opportunities both in and out of the classroom. She is proud to be a part of the department.
"The Thomas College Lunder School of Education stands out as a community of learners, both inside and outside the College," she says. "For a small school, we have a large reach. We have Maine Teacher of the Year residences; field placements all throughout the local area; and, the opportunity for students to attend and even present at local, state, and national conferences. It's a feeling you get – you know you are home."
Dr. Rybakova says the Lunder School of Education is unique because faculty talk about technology as a tool as well as a learned skill. "And for STEAM," she adds, "we don't just showcase the principles – we model them."
"Students will enter as learners and walk into their student-teaching experiences as confident, pre-service teachers. Through coursework and guidance, pre-service teachers are immersed in real-world experiences, field placements, and/or Pre-K-12 student interactions every semester," she says.
"I think students come away from my courses proud of their work and having seen their growth. They know that I'm there for them, as we all are at the Lunder School of Education, no matter the need."
Dr. Rybakova cites several Thomas alumni as examples of the program's success. "We have so many productive and successful alumni like Kelsea Carter '17, a 7th/8thmiddle school English teacher at Lake Region Middle School. She won what is akin to a novice teacher of the year award at Maine Association for Middle Level Education in 2018. Al Cotter '17, Jordan Turner '18, and Savannah (Kandiko) Lawrence '17 are making a difference out in the public-school system. Colleen McCormick '17 taught in Arizona and is now back in New England. Sydni Collier '19 is about to defend the first undergraduate thesis conducted at Thomas and is gearing up for graduate school. Zach Campbell '17 is working with students with exceptionalities and who come from extreme conditions in Bangor; that path is incredibly needed and requires the skills I know Zach possesses. His brother Alex '19 is making a difference in the middle school English classroom in his student teaching right now. And, there are many more."
Chair of the Lunder School of Education and professor Dr. Pamela Thompson has been an integral part of growing the Education program over the last decade at Thomas College.
Now, she leads the School as Chair with her 28 years of experience in classrooms, ranging from Pre-K through college. Pamela is committed to the Lunder School of Education's goal to develop highly skilled 21st century teachers and thinkers who are prepared for professional and personal success.
Dr. Thompson talks about how education students at Thomas have a unique experience with early and on-going field experiences; access to former and practicing high-quality teachers and school administrators; multiple opportunities to apply theory through authentic classwork, STEAM; and, the ability to use many different learning model approaches, such as proficiency-based and gamification.
Dr. Thompson has worked with many students over the years and is proud of those who are working in local area schools and childcare settings. Her most recent graduate Daphne (Barber) Pratt '19, a Child Care Management student, conducted her senior internship at Educare of Central Maine and was hired last month as the Director of the Child Care at The Maine Children's Home for Little Wanderers in Waterville.
"The Lunder School of Education has the potential to be a leader in re-envisioning how we prepare teachers and how we cultivate and support the profession overall, which holds a key role in the future economy, culture, and quality of life in our state," notes Dr. Thompson. "But most importantly, this work is vital for the prosperity of the generation of Maine children and their families."
*This article was originally published in the Fall 2019 Thomas Magazine.
Filed Under: Academics

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     */
    require_once("../apiSettings.php");
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    $f = new phpFlickr($api_key, $api_secret);

    //change this to the permissions you will need
    $f->auth("write");

    echo "Copy this token into your code: " . $_SESSION['phpFlickr_auth_token'];

?>

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Previous Section Home Page
27. Mr. Peter Bottomley : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make proposals for political development.
Mr. Loyden : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make a statement on progress towards the resumption of constitutional talks and his most recent discussions with the Northern Ireland parties and the Government of the Republic of Ireland on this process.
Mr. Ancram : I refer the hon. Member to the answer I gave earlier today to the hon. Member for Hornsey and Wood Green (Mrs. Roche).
Column 989
22. Mr. Skinner : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland when he expects his political initiative on Northern Ireland's future to lead to further negotiations.
Mr. Ancram : The talks process has been continuing in recent months in the form of bilateral discussions with three of the four main constitutional parties in Northern Ireland and discussions with the Irish Government. My right hon. and learned Friend is meeting the leaders of the three parties concerned and discussing ideas with them for giving direction to further bilateral discussions, across all three strands. Contacts will therefore continue, in the form of bilateral meetings, for the immediate future. Our objective is to return to multilateral talks covering all three key sets of relationships and involving the two Governments and the four main constitutional parties.
18. Mr. Mallon : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland when he last had discussions with the chief electoral officer for Northern Ireland to discuss changes to the electoral system.
Mr. Ancram : My predecessor, the hon. Member for Richmond and Barnes (Mr. Hanley), met the chief electoral officer for Northern Ireland on 3 February last year. After that meeting my hon. Friend wrote to Northern Ireland's main political parties concerning electoral matters which had been raised at the meetings on 15 December 1992 and 5 January 1993 with the parties.
Owner-occupation
19. Mr. John Marshall : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make a statement about the level of owner-occupation in Northern Ireland.
Mr. Tim Smith : By the end of December 1992 the total number of owner-occupied properties was 363,500 or 66 per cent. of total occupied stock. Nearly 57,000 owner-occupiers have bought their houses from the Northern Ireland Housing Executive under its sales scheme while a further 12,400 have entered home-ownership through the co-ownership scheme operated by the Northern Ireland Co-ownership Housing Association.
20. Mr. Campbell-Savours : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland when he next intends to discuss with representatives of the health service in Northern Ireland matters relating to the organisation of health care.
Mr. Ancram : My noble Friend Baroness Denton is taking forward a review of the way in which the Government's new purchasing arrangements for health and personnel social services are carried out in Northern Ireland. This review should be completed by the end of May 1994.
As part of the review there is consultation with a wide range of health and social services representatives.
Cross-border Co-operation
21. Mr. Cyril D. Townsend : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make a statement on cross-border security co- operation between the United Kingdom and the Irish Republic.
Sir John Wheeler : I refer my hon. Friend to the reply I gave earlier today to my hon. Friend the Member for Blaby (Mr. Robathan).
Fine Defaulters
24. Mr. William Ross : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what steps he intends to take to provide an alternative to a prison sentence for fine defaulters in Northern Ireland.
Sir John Wheeler : I have already announced my intention to introduce legislation to reinforce the requirement on courts to ascertain and take account of offenders' means when imposing fines. I believe that this will help to reduce the extent of fine default in Northern Ireland.
I am also looking at measures to reduce the use of imprisonment when fine default does occur. Various alternatives are under consideration, but I shall wish to be satisfied that they are likely to prove both practical and cost-effective.
It remains the Government's view, however, that it is necessary for imprisonment to be retained as the ultimate sanction for fine default.
Peace Representations
25. Mr. Simon Hughes : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland what representations he has received about the future prospects of peace in Northern Ireland from residents of Great Britain.
Mr. Ancram : The Government continue to receive a great number of letters and a number of petitions from individuals interested in the prospects for peace in Northern Ireland. In the period since the Prime Minister and the Taoiseach signed their joint declaration on15 December last year, my right hon. and learned Friend and the Prime Minister have received almost 700 letters from residents of Great Britain on this issue. The vast majority of this correspondence expresses a heartfelt desire for peace in Northern Ireland, and a hope that the joint declaration can pave the way for that peace.
Devolved Government
28. Mr. Barnes : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland if he will make a statement on devolved government and a Bill of Rights in Northern Ireland.
Sir Patrick Mayhew : The Government hope that the political talks involving the main constitutional parties in Northern Ireland and the two Governments will continue. Issues such as devolved government for Northern Ireland, and a Bill of Rights, fall within the remit of those talks described in my predecessor's statement of 26 March 1991.
Intergovernmental Council
29. Mr. Simpson : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland when the next meeting of the intergovernmental council is to be held ; and if he will make a statement.
Sir Patrick Mayhew : There are no plans at present to hold a meeting at ministerial level under the auspices of the Anglo-Irish intergovernmental council, although a working group of officials dealing with education and culture is due to meet before the summer.
Mr. Kilfoyle : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland who are the members currently appointed to each of the health and social services boards.
Mr. Ancram : The current members of each of the four health and social services boards are as follows :
Eastern Health and Social Services Board--
Chairman :
N. G. D. Ferguson
Non-executive members :
J. C. Morton
D. J. McGuiness
Mrs. G. M. Loughran
Professor R. W. Stout
P. J. McLachlan
one vacancy
Executive members :
P. Kinder-- Chief Executive
Miss A. Paisley-- Director of Finance
Ms A. Lynch-- Director of Planning
E. McCullough-- Director of Operations
R. Moore-- Director of Social Services
Vacant-- Director of Public Health
Northern Health and Social Services Board--
R. J. Hanna
Lady J. Brett
D. J. Clement
J. D. McMullan
M. A O'Connor
Mrs. N. P. O'Loan
Mrs. A. V. Smyth
D. D. Smyth-- General Manager
Miss S. Irwin-- Director of Social Services
Dr. J. D. Watson-- Director of Public Health
A. Hamilton-- Director of Finance
Miss E. McNair-- Director of Quality Assurance and Nursing Services
S. MacDonnell-- Director of Planning and Information
Southern health and social services board--
J. D. Thompson
Mrs. G. Donaghy
W. F. Gillespie
Mrs. J. Power
C. A. J. Quinn
D. J. Ryan
S. R. P. Wright
Dr. P. Kilbane-- Chief Executive
R. Blair-- Director of Social Services
B. P. Cunningham-- Director of Finance and Information
M. Doris-- Director of Planning
Dr. A. M. Telford-- Director of Public Health
F. A. Rice-- Director of Human Resources and Nursing
Western health and social services board--
R. G. Toland
Mrs. M. R. Cooper
W. S. Donaghy
A. Jackson
P. J. Kelly
Mrs. C. R. Lavery
Mrs. A. F. Mark
T. J. Frawley-- General Manager
Dr. D. Burke-- Director of Social Care
S. Cuddy-- Director of Finance and Information
Dr. W. McConnell-- Director of Public Health
(Acting Director of Health Care)
Overseas Visits
Mr. Vaz : To ask the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland how many visits abroad each Minister of State made during 1993 ; and what was (a) the cost to public funds and (b) the purpose of each visit.
Sir John Wheeler : Ministers of State at the Northern Ireland made nine visits abroad at a total cost of just under £27,900. The visits were :
(a) Mr. Mates
Meeting with EC Commissioner in Brussels.
An Intergovernmental Conference meeting in Dublin with other Ministers.
(b) Sir John Wheeler
Meeting in Dublin.
(c) Mr. Atkins
A transport and air exhibition in Hamburg.
A rugby international in Dublin.
A North South environmental and housing conference in Dublin. Le Bourget air show in Paris.
Anuga Food Festival in Cologne.
A cross border trade conference in Dublin.


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Жезказганський гірничо-металургійний комбінат – підприємство на базі Жезказганського родовища мідних руд.

Історія
Родовище відоме понад 3 тис. років.

До найбільш ранніх форм виробок відносять так звані "мідні ями", численні скупчення яких зафіксовані за 45 км північніше Жезказгану (з казахської мови "жезказган" – місце, де копали мідь) . Ці виробки представлені неглибокими кар'єрами, або траншеями довжиною 100 – 140 м, шириною 2 – 2,5 м й глибиною – до 3 м. Відкрита розробка окиснених мідних та олов'яних руд (зокрема каситериту) була характерна й для більш пізнього часу, причому кар'єри чудських копалень сягали по осях декількох сотень метрів, часом переходячи в підземні виробки.

Розкриття рудних тіл за підземної розробки проводили здебільшого штольнями, які закладали в ярах чи з бортів заздалегідь вибраних кар'єрів; використовували також вертикальні стовбури. Глибина робочих горизонтів зумовлювалася рівнем ґрунтових вод, який становив від 8 до 28 м. Підтримання гірничих виробок здійснювали за допомогою рудних ціликів, або штучних опор з великих породних блоків. Відкриті роботи вели за допомогою землерийних мотик і кайл. Скельні породи (здебільшого мідисті пісковики, іноді кварцити, сланці) руйнували важкими кам'яними молотами, кирками, а також зубилами й молотками. Археологами виявлені сотні гірничих і збагачувальних знарядь праці давніх гірників казахського степу. Цікавими особливостями копалень було маскування устя штолень і стовбурів та перекриття їх важкими плитами. Згідно з гірничими традиціями Євразійського простору підземні виробки після закінчення експлуатації щільно закладали пустою породою.

Характеристика
Потужність рудних тіл 5…30 м. Кут падіння 11°, глибина до 350 м.

Технологія розробки
Розробляється за змішаною технологією. Три шахти, два кар'єри.

Сучасний стан
У 1996 р. на базі Жезказганського гірничо-металургійного комбінату створена компанія «Казахмис» (Kazakhmys).

В 2013 році ЖГМК зупинено для модернізації.

Див. також
Джезказганський ВТТ

Примітки

Джерела

Гірничі підприємства Казахстану
Жезказган
Казахмис

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Archives - March 2017
Eagles Soar at Regional Tennis Tournament
Another Savio senior is state-bound after an amazing run at regionals!
The boys and girls tennis teams played the TAPPS 1-5A Regional Tennis Tournament at the Waco Regional Tennis Center on March 28-29, and this year, the tournament was tougher than ever!
Four new schools were introduced into the tournament for a total of eight teams. Midland Christian, Grapevine Faith, Southwest Christian, Fort Worth Christian, St. Michael's, Regents, Hyde Park, and St. Dominic Savio all fielded players in every division.
Savio had 16 of its top players participating in the tournament. Nicholas Butler and Quentin Marshall played boys' singles. Thanh Tran and Isabel Helal played girls' singles. Doubles teams included Patrick Miles, Pedro Untalan, Conor Woods, and Nicholas Bianchi for the boys and Andrea Nguyen, Abigail Staebel, Blaise De Oliveira, and Mikayla Morgan for the girls. Ethan Janecka, Izabella LaPointe, John Paul Frew, and Tulan Le also played mixed doubles for the Eagles.
Nicholas Butler and Thanh Tran are this year's standouts from the tournament. Both players are seniors who have played since their freshman year with head coach Garrett Pekar. These two both played their hearts out and never gave up through all the long matches to achieve recognition for themselves and their school at regionals.
Butler won the regional tournament last year with partner Peter Spangler in doubles, but singles was a whole new ball game for him. He worked hard all summer and fall to prepare for a run at singles this year. It took every ounce of that determination to face some of the other top players from the region. Butler won his first round 6-0, 6-0, and then went on to beat the fourth seed, Kyle Webb, 7-6, 6-4. In the semifinal match, Butler lost to the tournament champion, Alex Cooper. He was set for a showdown for 3rd and 4th place with Colson Stokes, a highly decorated player in the USTA super championship division.
Butler played the match of his life! By staying confident and sticking to the plan, he pushed stokes to his breaking point. Butler lost the match 4-6, 3-6, but won a tactical victory by forcing his opponent to play into his style--something most super champs don't ever do no matter who they face.
Because he had already beaten the fifth place finisher, Kyle Webb, Butler secured fourth place and his state tournament ticket! Way to go Nick!
Thanh Tran played some of the best tennis of her life at this year's tournament, and it couldn't have happened at a better time. After not playing in the regional tournament in her freshman year because of a wrist injury, Tran slowly became a tougher and more committed player over the years. She practiced hard, when she did get to practice. As her game improved, her attitude on court changed too. She showed pure determination and focus in this year's regional tournament when she was able to turn the tide when she was behind in score a couple of times and still got the victory. Thanh won fifth place at regionals by defeating Rachel Whittenburg of Hyde Park 8-6. These two had some of the longest, nail-biting points ever! She is this year's girls' singles alternate for the state tournament. Awesome job Thanh!
It was an exciting and exhausting tournament at the end with its share of ups and downs. All the players worked hard in their matches and in support of their teammates. The Eagles tennis team represented the school with integrity and sportsmanship at the tournament on and off the court, as commented by the tournament director and TAPPS officials.
State is coming up soon on April 12-13! Let's keep Nicholas' spirits soaring high to this final meet of his high school career!
Savio Art Students Win National Scholastic Gold Medal
From left to right: Elyse Garcia, Olivia Ramirez and Maddee Miller
The Scholastic Art and Writing competition is the oldest and most prestigious high school art competition in the United States. This year three Savio students have won the Scholastic Art National Gold Medal. We congratulate Maddee Miller, Olivia Ramirez, and Elyse Garcia for receiving this national recognition for their artwork. All three students have been invited to the awards ceremony at Carnegie Hall in June receive their official recognition.
As a school, we submitted 60 works of art to the regional competition and won a total of 29 awards. Of those 29 awards, nine were chosen as Gold Key awards and were automatically submitted to the national competition. Of those nine, the three winners, Maddee Millar, Olivia Ramirez and Elyse Garcia received the highest award. The three students will be recognized at the next assembly.
"I am so proud that our students are being recognized on this national level as the best of the best high school artists in the country." Mrs. Celeste Robbins, Fine Arts Department Chair
Other recipients that have received this award include a few well-known artists such as Andy Warhol, Stephen King, Zac Posen, Lena Dunham and Ken Burns.
Maddee Miller
Iron Eagle Silverbolt Robotics Team Advances to World Championship
The Iron Eagles Silverbolt Robotics team advanced to the First FTC World Championship this weekend. The team advanced based on their rank after qualifying match play in the South Super Regional Tournament in Athens, GA. They will be competing at the World Championship Tournament April 19- 22 in Houston against US and international teams.
Congratulations Iron Eagle Silverbolt Team!
Team members left to right are Mentor Mike Gregorio, Raul Basualdo, Jovan Sigcho, Mackenzie Purdy, Minh Mather, Christine Baticados, Emily Basquez and Michael Schmude.
*Not pictured is Mentor Michael Butler.
Savio boys soccer: TAPPS All-District and All-State Boys Soccer Awards Announced
All-State and All-District are post-season awards presented by TAPPS (Texas Association of Private and Parochial Schools) in all divisions of every sport. TAPPS is the state athletic association of private and parochial schools that Savio belongs to. Coaches from every TAPPS school nominate their individual athletes from their teams that they believe deserve recognition. Recently, TAPPS held All-State and All-District meetings allowing coaches to select certain players to first team, second team, or honorable mention based on their season performances and season-ending statistics.
Congratulations to the following St. Dominic Savio Catholic High School soccer players who were elected by the opposing coaches for All-District honors. Five Savio seniors, who helped lead Savio through this record breaking season with an undefeated record in district play for the first time, made first team All-District:
Santiago Sustaeta (Offense)
Cian McGetrick (Midfield)
Preston Noonan (Midfield)
Patrick Miles (Defense)
Cory Cady (Goalie). Along with the Savio defense, Cory set multiple goal keeping school records this season as well.
Freshman Nathan French, with 17 goals during the season, was also selected as All-District, and voted top offensive player in the District, and was also selected as Honorable Mention All-State.
Junior Kyle Gonsalvez, Freshman Brendan Mazzurana, and Seniors Mitch Romero and Cameron Henry were selected to second team All-District. Christopher Gonzales, Joseph Figliozzi and Luc Nguyen were selected as Honorable Mention All-District.
TAPPS also honors junior and senior athletes who have demonstrated both athletic and academic (3.5 grade point or higher) excellence in their sport through the Academic All State award. Savio had five student athletes selected for this award among the boys soccer team:
Seniors: Cameron Henry, Cian McGetrick, Mitchell Romero, and Patrick Miles
as well as Junior: Kyle Gonsalvez.
Congratulations to the recipients on these well deserved honors, and to the whole Savio Boys Soccer team for a fantastic season, their best ever.
Savio Students Celebrate National Pi Day
Savio students celebrated Pi Day with a variety of fun learning activities to celebrate the number pi on Friday, March 10th. The students were in their house groups as they participated in a variety of competitive games that signified the number pi.
National Pi Day is usually celebrated on March 14th, but with the spring break schedule, students celebrated before break with a Pie eating contest and other fun events where students participated in a variety of games with the number pi. One of the activities included competition among the Savio House families to find the person who memorized the most numbers in Pi.
One Savio student, Jonathan Shoemaker, representing the Padre Pio House family won the competition for memorizing the most numbers in the number pi below:
3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592307816406286 20899862803482534211706798214808651328230664709384460955
The Savio Filmworks team captured the events from the day, view the link here.
https://youtu.be/5DnTFhJBeiw
Savio Personal Finance Class Gets Real World Financial Advice
On Wednesday, March 22, the Savio Personal Finance class visited Per Stirling, an investment advisory firm, and spoke with a Certified Financial Planner about investing, risks, and wealth management.
Students built upon their prior knowledge about investing money, and took away some valuable lessons and resources about managing a portfolio. They were also engaged in discussions about different philosophies on investing, participated in an experiment demonstrating market efficiency, and asked pertinent questions about the CFP profession and wealth management. These lessons are important as we continue to form our students into successful servant leaders in the image of Christ.
Savio Wins 20th Annual HP Codewars Competition
Hewlett Packard has been hosting a large computer science tournament in Austin for the last twenty years. Believed to be one of the top tournaments of the year, the tournament attracts not only all the Austin area high schools, but many top teams from around the state including Dallas, San Antonio, and many surrounding areas.
Teams of up to three compete in a three hour programming competition in which over twenty problems of various difficulty need to be coded and submitted to be checked against the judges inputs. Each problem has a different point value, and problems ranged from basic cryptography to complicated maze puzzles.
Over sixty high school teams competed in the 20th Anniversary of the CodeWars competition. There were two divisions, novice and advanced, and the top five teams in each division were recognized. When the dust settled, the Savio Novice team Giakhanh Hoang, Joel Uong, and Patrick Miles finished fifth. The Savio Advanced team of Emily Shoemaker and Jonathan Shoemaker won 1st place overall, holding off 2nd place LASA and 3rd place Westwood. We earned a nice trophy for our case and bragging rights for the year.
Congratulations to both of our teams!


Recording inspired by people's interest in an earlier version that appeared in Ram Dass, Going Home a film by Derek Peck. SitaRam was recorded at The Funky Church in Portland, OR and mixed by Brock V Cassian of Gold Casio, with art by @thebonegoddess - Haley Jensen. Photo by Caleb Seppala. Special thanks to Neem Karoli Baba, Ram Dass, Dassi Ma, Derek Peck, Caleb Seppala and Taryn Gould. Mu is a nickname that Ram Dass (RD) calls Evan Bushnell, one of his caregivers.
Your chant is played here in Australia for my meditation practice most days. Just wanted you to know. Its so moving.
the harmonium sounds amazing. and you.
So powerful, beautiful and mesmerizing.
Breathtakingly beautiful! Your chanting brings tears to my eyes!


I do recommend staying in the Gothic because it's really the heart of what's happening in the city. Just be aware, and stay clear of the following places -- La Rambla, (also known as La Rob-la), the Metro (one of the places I've seen the most robberies, averaging one sighting a week), and Calle Ferran (filled with drunk tourists).
バルセロナ comments only. Don't discuss the hostels here, post a review on the hostel's page instead.


text:
Q: Merge two dataframe by rows using common words df1 <- data.frame(freetext = c("open until monday night", "one more time to insert your coin"), numid = c(291,312))
df2 <- data.frame(freetext = c("open until night", "one time to insert your be"), aid = c(3,5))

I would line to merge the two dataframe using the freetext column as by option. However the text is not totally the same as some words removed or displayed.
Is there any option to find the max number of the same words between the rows and merge them according to this?
Here an example of expected output
df3 <- data.frame(freetext = c("open until night", "one time to insert your be"), aid = c(3,5), numid = c(291,312))

A: Perhaps, you can look into stringdist joins from fuzzyjoin and play with max_dist parameter which is suitable for your data.
fuzzyjoin::stringdist_inner_join(df1, df2, by = 'freetext', max_dist = 10)

#  freetext.x                        numid freetext.y                   aid
#  <chr>                             <dbl> <chr>                      <dbl>
#1 open until monday night             291 open until night               3
#2 one more time to insert your coin   312 one time to insert your be     5

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Democrat Danny O'Connor, the Franklin County recorder, meets with volunteers at his campaign headquarters, Tuesday, Aug. 7, 2018, in Columbus. The script for Ohio's special election is perhaps familiar: An experienced Trump loyalist, two-term state Sen. Troy Balderson, is fighting off a strong challenge from a fresh-faced Democrat, 31-year-old county official O'Connor, in a congressional district held by the Republican Party for more than three decades.
Danny O'Connor, the Democrat who nearly scored an upset in Ohio's 12th District special congressional election Tuesday night has strong ties to the Dayton region.
O'Connor lost the special election in the Columbus-Zanesville area district by a fraction of a point, but did not declare defeat Tuesday. Thousands of absentee and provisional ballots have yet to be counted.
The district is a traditional Republican stronghold. President Donald Trump won the district by 11 points over Hillary Clinton in the 2016 election.
O'Connor got his BA in political science at WSU. He went on to graduate law school at Syracuse.
He was elected as recorder for Franklin County.


text:
Geographical Index > Canada > British Columbia > Report # 1408
Report # 1408 (Class A)
Submitted by witness on Monday, January 22, 2001.
Bear hunter sees bigfoot mating
MONTH: May
DATE: May 1966
PROVINCE: British Columbia
LOCATION DETAILS: Please see above info.
NEAREST TOWN: Spillimacheen, BC
NEAREST ROAD: dirt road west from town
OBSERVED: I have a BS Geology degree from the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, 1961.
In 1965 I was plant Manager for a remote plant owned by NL Industries, Inc., located about 7 miles northwest of Spillamacheen, BC on a public road. The plant is on the west face of Spillamacheen Mountain. Since I was a young (31) man at the time and having only worked for the firm for little more than a year, I was reluctant to make my finding public. Now that I am retired I no longer have such feelings.
On an early May, 1965 morning, I drove up the road from the mill site on a Grizzly hunt. About a half mile above the mill site, there is a small clearing of about an acred on the east bank of the Spillamacheen river. Just north of this clearing, the road makes a dogleg left and there is a road cut on the right side of the road.about 4' high.
ALSO NOTICED: First occassion, a line of footprints came from the direction of the Columbia River bridge in a northeast direction. Second I came to the clearing from the north on foot and came upon three creatures I thought were grizzly bears, but they were upright and were scuffling. Two began mating in the normal human fashion instead of from the rear. I was about 100 yards from them and took a shot at one with a rifle, but missed and the three ran into the woods to the east.
OTHER WITNESSES: None
OTHER STORIES: None, except for reports on A&E, History Channel,
and Discovery channel.
TIME AND CONDITIONS: Clear, early morning, 4"fresh snow,
ENVIRONMENT: clearing, see above.
Follow-up investigation report by BFRO Investigator Kevin Withers:
The footprints were seen in 1965 and were barefoot humanoid prints, bigger than a size ten shoe, with a stride length of three to four feet. The witness had to jump from one print to the next when attempting to duplicate the stride. The prints were pointed straight ahead and were in a straight path, suggesting that the animal making these prints knew exactly where it was going. They came from the direction of the town of Spillamacheen (approximate population 50) and headed off into the wilderness. It was in this same place that the witness' sighting of three bigfoot took place a year later, in 1966.
The witness was hunting grizzly bear. He had parked his vehicle on the side of the road and was walking up the road when, in a clearing off to the side he glimpsed, for just a few seconds, three gaunt looking, brown, hair covered animals, at a distance of about thirty-five to forty feet. The animals appeared to be wrestling with each other as they moved in a direction away from the witness.
Believing the animals to be bears, and afraid of being spotted by them, the witness immediately ran across the road and climbed a steep four foot embankment, where he found a log that he could drop down behind and hide.
By this time the animals had moved to a distance of approximately 150 feet, and as the witness watched them continue to scuffle as they moved farther away, he could tell that one animal appeared to be asserting authority over the other two. After they had moved away to the edge of the clearing at a distance of about 300 feet, the assertive animal began copulating with one of them, with the third standing and moving around them about ten feet away. The animal on the ground laid on its back with its legs flat on the ground; the other was on top in a face to face position.
At this point, the witness still believed the animals to be bears. After the two had been copulating on the ground for about one minute, the one standing stopped moving around and so the witness took a shot at it. He missed his shot, and the animals ran into the tree line, each of them running on two legs.
The witness did not believe that these animals were anything but bears until a year later, when he actually killed a grizzly bear, and then realized that what he had seen a year earlier were definitely not bears.
A note regarding the witness' rifle and his failure to hit the target when he fired at the standing animal: The witness was shooting a Marlin 30-06 rifle with a four power scope, using 180 grain bullets. Normally, with 150 grain, the witness could shoot a two inch group at 100 yards with this rifle. However, going after grizzly bear that day, he decided to use 180 grain bullets, even though he hadn't used 180 grain in this rifle before. He had previously hunted with this rifle using 150 grain, and he mistakenly thought that there wouldn't be that much of a difference in accuracy with the more powerful ammunition. However, 180 grain bullets created different harmonics in the rifle barrel, causing a whipping action, and a spread of between one and two feet at 100 yards. He sent the rifle back to Marlin and they replaced the barrel with a heavier one, but he never used the rifle again and ended up trading it to a friend.
So, if these were bigfoot, how could the witness think they were bears, especially since he saw them from only thirty-five to forty feet away?
I believe that this can be explained by considering three factors:
First, at no time during this sighting did the witness view the front of any of the animals. And the initial sighting, from thirty-five to forty feet away, was very brief, with the animals constantly in motion, wrestling and scuffling.
Second, as the witness states, "I was looking for bears, so that's what I saw." The witness stated that the three animals, all six to seven feet in height, looked "gaunt." Earlier he had heard someone describe a bear seen in the area as "gaunt," so this reinforced his assumption that the animals were bears.
And third, in the mid 1960s, not many people had heard of bigfoot yet. It was only later, after Patterson's famous 1967 film, that this animal started getting publicity. While the witness had heard of bigfoot and yeti footprints being found, he was not familiar with what a bigfoot or yeti looked like.
A person who knew something about bears but nothing about bigfoot could be expected to assume that a trio of large hairy animals were bears. When confronted with the unfamiliar, the mind tends to force what is seen into a known category. People pick labels that most closely match their preconceptions of the world.
Because of the nature of this report, in the end it must rise or fall on the credibility of the witness. I interviewed the witness extensively several times, and each time I found him to be credible and consistent in his story, and therefore I consider this report to be a legitimate one of a bigfoot sighting.


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Serious Stats | A weblog to accompany the book "Serious stats: A guide to advanced statistics for the behavioral sciences"
A weblog to accompany the book "Serious stats: A guide to advanced statistics for the behavioral sciences"
In the book I use the car package to get VIF and other multicollinearity diagnostics. I've occasionally found this breaks down (usually through mixing different versions of R on different machines at work home or on the move). I recently saw the mctest package and thought it would be useful to use that as a backup – and also because it offers a slightly different set of diagnostics.
If you'd like to try it out I've written a helper function that makes it easier apply directly to a linear model. You can find the function and a simple example here.
In an earlier blog post I provided R code for a CI of a difference in R square for dependent and non-dependent correlations. This was based on a paper by Zou (2007). That paper also provides a method for calculating the CI of a difference in independent R square coefficients based on the limits of the CI for a single R square coefficient. I've also been experimenting with knitr and unfortunately haven't yet worked out how to merge the R markdown output with my blog template, so I'm linking to RPubs for convenience.
You can find the function and a few more details here.
I just posted brief multicollinearity tutorial on my other blog (loosely based on the material from the Serious Stats book).
It is now increasingly common for experimental psychologists (among others) to use multilevel models (also known as linear mixed models) to analyze data that used to be shoe-horned into a repeated measures ANOVA design. Chapter 18 of Serious Stats introduces multilevel models by considering them as an extension of repeated measures ANOVA models that can cope with missing outcomes, time-varying covariates and can relax the sphericity assumption of conventional repeated measures ANOVA. They can also deal with other – less well known – problems such as having stimuli that are random factor (e.g., see this post on my Psychological Statistics blog). Last, but not least, multilevel generalised linear models allow you to have discrete and bounded outcomes (e.g., dichotomous, ordinal or count data) rather than be constrained by as assuming a continuous response with normal errors.
There are two main practical problems to bear in mind when switching to the multilevel approach. First, the additional complexity of the approach can be daunting at first – though it is possible to built up gently to more complex models. Recent improvements in availability of software and support (textbooks, papers and online resources) also help. The second is that as soon as a model departs markedly from a conventional repeated measures ANOVA, correct inferences (notably significance tests and interval estimates such as confidence intervals) can be difficult to obtain. If the usual ANOVA assumptions hold in a nested, balanced design then there is a known equivalence between the multilevel model inferences using t or F tests and the familiar ANOVA tests (and this case the expected output of the tests is the same). The main culprits are boundary effects (which effect inferences about variances and hence most tests of random effects) and working out the correct degrees of freedom (df) to use for your test statistic. Both these problems are discussed in Chapter 18 of the book. If you have very large samples an asymptotic approach (using Wald z or chi-square statistics) is probably just fine. However, the further you depart from conventional repeated measures ANOVA assumptions the harder it is to know how large a sample news to be before the asymptotics kick in. In other words, the more attractive the multilevel approach the less you can rely on the Wald tests (or indeed the Wald-style t or F tests).
The solution I advocate in Serious Stats is either to use parametric bootstrapping or Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approaches. Another approach is to use some form of correction to the df or test statistic such as the Welch-Satterthwaite correction. For multilevel models with factorial type designs the recommended correction is generally the Kenward-Roger approximation. This is implemented in SAS, but (until recently) not available in R. Judd, Westfall and Kenny (2012) describe how to use the Kenward-Roger approximation to get more accurate significance tests from a multilevel model using R. Their examples use the newly developed pbkrtest package (Halekoh & Højsgaard, 2012) – which also has functions for parametric bootstrapping.
My purpose here is to contrast the the MCMC and Kenward-Roger correction (ignoring the parametric bootstrap for the moment). To do that I'll go through a worked example – looking to obtain a significance test and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for a single effect.
The example I'll use is for the pitch data from from Chapter 18 of the book. This experiment (from a collaboration with Tim Wells and Andrew Dunn) involves looking at the at pitch of male voices making attractiveness ratings with respect to female faces. The effect of interest (for this example) is whether average pitch goes up or done for higher ratings (and if so, by how much). A conventional ANOVA is problematic because this is a design with two fully crossed random factors – each participant (n = 30) sees each face (n = 32) and any conclusions ought to generalise both to other participants and (crucially) to other faces. Furthermore, there is a time-varying covariate – the baseline pitch of the numerical rating when no face is presented. The significance tests or CIs reported by most multilevel modelling packages with also be suspect. Running the analysis in the R package lme4 gives parameter estimates and t statistics for the fixed effects but no p values or CIs. The following R code loads the pitch data, checks the first few cases, loads lme4 and runs the model of interest. (You should install lme4 using the command install.packages('lme4') if you haven't done so already).
Note the lack of df and p values. This is deliberate policy by the lme4 authors; they are not keen on giving users output that has a good chance of being very wrong.
This approximation involves adjusting both the F statistic and its df so that the p value comes out approximately correct (see references below for further information). It won't hurt too much to think of it as turbocharged Welch-Satterthwaite correction. To get the corrected p value from this approach first install the pbkrtest package and then load it. The approximation is computed using the KRmodcomp() function. This takes the model of interest (with the focal effect) and a reduced model (one without the focal effect). The code below installs and loads everything, runs the reduced model and then uses KRmodcomp() to get the corrected p value. Note that it may take a while to run (it took about 30 seconds on my laptop).
The corrected p value is .0001024. The result could reported as a Kenward-Roger corrected test with F(1, 118.5) = 16.17, p = .0001024. In this case the Wald z test would have given a p value of around .0000435. Here the effect is sufficiently large that the difference in approaches doesn't matter – but that won't always be true.
The MCMC approach (discussed in Chapter 18) can be run in several ways – with the lme4 functions or those in MCMCglmm being fairly easy to implement. Here I'll stick with lme4 (but for more complex models MCMCglmm is likely to be better).
First you need to obtain a large number of Monte Carlo simulations from the model of interest. I'll use 25,000 here (but I often start with 1,000 and work up to a bigger sample). Again this may take a while (about 30 or 40 seconds on my laptop).
For MCMC approaches it is useful to check the estimates from the simulations. Here I'll take a quick look at the trace plot (though a density plot is also sensible – see chapter 18).
The trace for the fixed effect of attractiveness looks pretty healthy – the thich black central portion indicating that it doesn't jump around too much. Now we can look at the 95% confidence interval (strictly a Bayesian highest posterior density or HPD interval – but for present purposes it approximates to a 95% CI).
This gives the interval estimate [0.2227276, 0.6578456]. This excludes zero so it is statistically significant (and MCMCglmm would have given an us MCMC-derived estimate of the p value).
Although the Kenward-Roger approach is well-regarded, for the moment I would reccomend the MCMC approach. The pbkrtest package is still under development and I could not always get the approximation or the parametric bootstrap to work (but the parametric bootstrap can also be obtained in other ways – see Chapter 18).
The MCMC approach is also preferable in that it should generalize safely to models where the performance of the Kenward-Roger approximation is unknown (or poor) such as for discrete or ordinal outcomes. It also provides interval estimates rather than just p values. The main downside is that you need to familiarize yourself with some basic MCMC diagnostics (e.g., trace and density plots at the very least) and be willing to re-run the simulations to check that the interval estimates are stable.
Judd, C. M., Westfall, J., & Kenny, D. A. (2012). Treating stimuli as a random factor in social psychology: A new and comprehensive solution to a pervasive but largely ignored problem. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 54-69.
Halekoh, U., & Højsgaard, S. (2012) A Kenward-Roger approximation and parametric bootstrap methods for tests in linear mixed models – the R package pbkrtest. Submitted to Journal of Statistical Software.
Ben Bolker pointed out that future versions of lme4 may well drop the MCMC functions (which are limited, at present, to fairly basic models). In the book I mainly used MCMCglmm – which is rather good at fitting fully crossed factorial models. Here is the R code for the pitch data. Using 50,000 simulations seems to give decent estimates of the attractiveness effect. Plotting the model object gives both MCMC trace plots and kernel density plots of the MCMC estimates (hit return in the console to see all the plots).
Last but not least, any one interested in the topic should keep an eye on the draft r-sig-mixed-modelling FAQ for a summary of the challenges and latest available solutions for multilevel inference in R (and other packages).
One of the main attractions of R (for me) is the ability to produce high quality graphics that look just the way you want them to. The basic plot functions are generally excellent for exploratory work and for getting to know your data. Most packages have additional functions for appropriate exploratory work or for summarizing and communicating inferences. Generally the default plots are at least as good as other (e.g., commercial packages) but with the added advantage of being fairly easy to customize once you understand basic plotting functions and parameters.
Even so, getting a plot looking just right for a presentation or publication often takes a lot of work using basic plotting functions. One reason for this is that constructing a good graphic is an inherently difficult enterprise, one that balances aesthetic factors and statistical factors and that requires a good understanding of who will look at the graphic, what they know, what they want to know and how they will interpret it. It can takes hours – maybe days – to get a graphic right.
In Serious Stats I focused on exploratory plots and how to use basic plotting functions to customize them. I think this was important to include, but one of my regrets was not having enough space to cover a different approach to plotting in R. This is Hadley Wickham's ggplot2 package (inspired by Leland Wilkinson's grammar of graphics approach).
In this blog post I'll quickly demonstrate a few ways that ggplot2 can be used to quickly produce amazing graphics for presentations or publication. I'll finish by mentioning some pros and cons of the approach.
The main attraction of ggplot2 for newcomers to R is the qplot() quick plot function. Like the R plot() function it will recognize certain types and combinations of R objects and produce an appropriate plot (in most cases). Unlike the basic R plots the output tends to be both functional and pretty. Thus you may be able to generate the graph you need for your talk or paper almost instantly.
Below is the R code for comparison. (The data here are from hov.csv file used in Chapter 10 Example 10.2 of Serious Stats).
The ggplot2 version is (in my view) rather prettier, but a big advantage is being able to add a range of different model fits very easily. The common choice of model fit is that of a straight line (usually the least squares regression line). Doing this in ggplot2 is easier than with basic plot functions (and you also get 95% confidence bands by default).
The geom specifies the type of plot (one with points and a smoothed line in this case) while the method specifies the model for obtaining the smoothed line. A formula can also be added (but the formula defaults to y as a simple linear function of x).
Mind you, the linear model fit has some disadvantages. Even if you are working with a related statistical model (e.g., a Pearson's r or least squares simple or multiple regression) you might want to have a more data driven plot. A good choice here is to use a local regression approach such as loess. This lets the data speak for themselves – effectively fitting a complex curve driven by the local properties of the data. If this is reasonably linear then your audience should be able to see the quality of the straight-line fit themselves. The local regression also gives approximate 95% confidence bands. These may support informal inference without having to make strong assumptions about the model.
I like the loess approach here because its fairly obvious that the linear fit does quite well. showing the straight line fit has the appearance of imposing the pattern on the data, whereas a local regression approach illustrates the pattern while allowing departures from the straight line fit to show through.
One slight problem here is that the approximate confidence bands assume normality and thus are probably too narrow.
If you want to know more the best place to start is with Hadley Wickham's book. Chapter 2 covers qplot() and is available free online.
The immediate pros of the ggplot2 approach are fairly obvious – quick, good-looking graphs. There is, however, much more to the package and there is almost no limit to what you can produce. The output of the ggplot2 functions is itself an R object that can be stored and edited to create new graphs. You can use qplot() to create many other graphs – notably kernel density plots, bar charts, box plots and histograms. You can get these by changing the geom (or by default with certain object types an input).
The cons are less obvious. First, it takes some time investment to get to grips with the grammar of graphics approach (though this is very minimal if you stick with the quick plot function). Second, you may not like the default look of the ggplot2 output (though you can tweak it fairly easily). For instance, I prefer the default kernel density and histogram plots from the R base package to the default ggplot2 ones. I like to take a bare bones plot and build it up … trying to keep visual clutter to a minimum. I also tend to want black and white images for publication (whereas I would use grey and colour images more often in presentations). This is mostly to do with personal taste.
In a previous post I showed how to plot difference-adjusted CIs for between-subjects (independent measures) ANOVA designs (see here). The rationale behind this kind of graphical display is introduced in Chapter 3 of Serious stats (and summarized in my earlier blog post).
In a between-subjects – or in indeed in a within-subjects (repeated measures) – design you or your audience will not always be interested only in the differences between the means. Rarely, the main focus may even be on the individual estimates themselves. A CI for each of the individual means might be informative for several reasons.
First, it may be important to know that the interval excludes an important parameter value (e.g., zero). The example in Chapter 3 of Serious Stats involved a task in which participants had to decide which of two diagrams matched a description they had just read. Chance performance is 50% matching accuracy, so a graphical display that showed that the 95% CI for each mean excludes 50% suggests that participants in each group were performing above chance.
Second the CI for an individual mean gives you an idea of the relative precision with which that quantity is measured. This may be particularly important in an applied domain. For example, you may want to be fairly sure that performance on a task is high in some conditions as well as being sure that there are differences between conditions.
Third, the CIs for the individual means are revealing about changes in the precision between conditions. If the sample sizes are equal (or nearly equal) they are also revealing about patterns in the variances. This is because the precision of the individual means is a function of the standard error and n. This may be obscured when difference-adjusted CIs are plotted – though mainly for within-subjects (repeated measures) designs which have to allow for the correlation between the samples.
In any case, it may be desirable to display CIs for individual means and difference-adjusted means on the same plot. This could be accomplished in several ways but I have proposed using a two-tiered CI plot (see here for a brief summary of my BRM paper on this or see Chapter 16 of Serious stats).
A common approach (for either individual means or difference-adjusted CIs) is to adopt a pooled error term. This results in a more accurate CI if the homogeneity of variance assumption is met. For the purposes of a graphical display I would generally avoid pooled error terms (even if you use a pooled error term in your ANOVA). A graphical display of means is useful as an exploratory aid and supports informal inference. You want to be able to see any patterns in the precision (or variances) of the means. Sometimes these patterns are clear enough to be convincing without further (formal) inference or modeling. If they aren't completely convincing it usually better to show the noisy graphic and supplement it with formal inference if necessary.
Experienced researchers understand that real data are noisy and may (indeed should!) get suspicious if data are too clean. (I'm perhaps being optimistic here – but we really ought to have more tolerance for noisy data, as this should reduce the pressure on honest researchers to 'optimize' their analyses – e.g., see here).
ylab <- "Confidence interval for mean"
For these data the group sizes are equal and thus the width of the outer tier reflect differences in variances between the groups. The variances are not very unequal, but neither are they particularly homogenous. The inner tier suggests group three is different from groups 2 and 4 (but not from group 1). This is a pretty decent summary of what's going on and could be supplemented by formal inference (see Chapter 13 for a comparison of several formal approaches also using this data set).
A major difference between the plot shown here and that in my BRM paper or in the book is that I have changed the method of plotting the tiers. The change is mainly aesthetic, but also reflects the desire not to emphasize the extremes of the error bar. The most plausible values of the parameter (e.g., mean) are towards the center of the interval – not at the extremes. I have discussed the reasons for my change of heart in a bit more detail elsewhere.
To this end I have also updated all my plotting functions. They still use the crossbar style from the book by default but this is controlled by a tier width argument. If tier.width=0 the crossbar style is used otherwise it used the tier.width to control the additional thickness of the difference-adjusted lines. In general, tier.width=1 seems to work well (but the crossbar style may be necessary for some unusual within-subject CIs where the difference-adjusted CI is wider than the CI for the individual means).
When starting out with R, getting data in and out can be a bit of a pain. It should take long to work out a convenient method – depending on what OS you use and what other packages you work with.
In my case I prefer to work with Excel spreadsheets (which are versatile and – for the most part – convenient for sharing with collaborators or students). For this reason I mostly work with comma separated variable files created in Excel an imported using read.csv(). I even quite like the fact that this method requires me to save the .xls worksheet as a .csv file (as it makes it harder to over-write the original file when I edit it for R). In know that there are many other methods that I could use, but this works fine for me.
I do however occasionally miss some of the functionality of software such as MLwiN that allows me to paste Excel data directly into it. I've seen instructions about how to do this on a Windows machine (e.g., see John Cook's notes), but a while back I stumbled on a simple solution for the Mac. I've forgotten where I saw it (but will add a link as soon as I find it or if someone reminds me). The solution uses read.table() but is a bit fiddly and therefore best set up as a function.
I've included this in my master function list so it can be loaded with other functions from the book and blog.
UPDATE: Ken Knoblauch pointed out an older discussion of this issue in https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2005-February/066257.html and also noted the read.clipboard() function in William Revelle's excellent psych package (which works on both PC and Mac systems).
Serious stats #!1 on amazon.co.uk?
As of writing the rank has dropped to #3 (but I'm still quite excited – even though I know this may not imply large numbers of pre-orders).
They have also increased the discount on pre-orders to 36%. The book should also be available for pre-order in other countries (though I've only checked the US store), but for some reason the discount is not as generous there.
If you can't get hold of the item in your country, bookdepository.com does free worldwide delivery (to most countries as far as I can tell). I've used them to ship gifts to friends and family overseas and they seem pretty reliable (and also offer pretty good discounts).


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Q: Extend background video and navigation bar across all pages in Gatsby I want to have my background video and navigation bar spread across all pages I make but I also want them to be behind all of the other components rendered. I understand that I need to wrap the root element inside of gatsby-browser.js but the problem I have been faced with is that the background covers all of the elements. Is there any way to fix this?
Current gatsby-browser.js - Currently covers all components with background.
import React from 'react';
import BackGround from "../../src/components/bg"

export const wrapPageElement = ({ element }) => {
  return <BackGround>{element}</BackGround>;
};

"use strict";

var _interopRequireDefault = require("@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireDefault");

var _interopRequireWildcard2 = _interopRequireDefault(require("@babel/runtime/helpers/interopRequireWildcard"));

/* global __PATH_PREFIX__ */
// Taken from https://github.com/netlify/netlify-identity-widget
var routes = /(confirmation|invite|recovery|email_change)_token=([^&]+)/;
var errorRoute = /error=access_denied&error_description=403/;
var accessTokenRoute = /access_token=/;

export const onInitialClientRender = function (_, _ref) {
  var _ref$enableIdentityWi = _ref.enableIdentityWidget,
      enableIdentityWidget = _ref$enableIdentityWi === void 0 ? true : _ref$enableIdentityWi,
      _ref$publicPath = _ref.publicPath,
      publicPath = _ref$publicPath === void 0 ? "admin" : _ref$publicPath;
  var hash = (document.location.hash || "").replace(/^#\/?/, "");

  if (enableIdentityWidget && (routes.test(hash) || errorRoute.test(hash) || accessTokenRoute.test(hash))) {
    Promise.resolve().then(function () {
      return (0, _interopRequireWildcard2.default)(require("netlify-identity-widget"));
    }).then(function (_ref2) {
      var netlifyIdentityWidget = _ref2.default;
      netlifyIdentityWidget.on("init", function (user) {
        if (!user) {
          netlifyIdentityWidget.on("login", function () {
            document.location.href = __PATH_PREFIX__ + "/" + publicPath + "/";
          });
        }
      });
      netlifyIdentityWidget.init();
    });
  }
};

If any additional information is needed please let me know.

A: I don't think that wrapPageElement nor wrapRootElement APIs fits your requirements since they will wrap your entire page in a provided component, and that's what you are trying to avoid. Of course, they will prevent your component to be unmounted, however, this will be automatically handled by @reach/routing with the following approach.
What you are trying to achieve it's a simple shared component across all pages that extends from your <Layout>:
const Layout = ({ children }) => {
  return

    <BackGround>
       <YourNavigationComponent />
    </BackGround>
    {children}

;
};

Something like this will wrap your <YourNavigationComponent /> with your background component across all site, avoiding the wrapping of the whole elements.


Intelligent Lighting, DMX lighting equipment and moving lights. Information from the professionals working in the entertainment business.
The first in a series of articles about using modern intelligent lighting. This beginner's guide to the moving light looks at common lighting effects and what's inside the fixture itself.