text:
Why #define TRUE (1==1) in a C boolean macro instead of simply as 1?
I've seen definitions in C
#define TRUE (1==1)
#define FALSE (!TRUE)
Is this necessary? What's the benefit over simply defining TRUE as 1, and FALSE as 0?
c precompiler
And more: #define TRUE ('/'/'/'); #define FALSE ('-'-'-') (taken from coding-guidelines.com/cbook/cbook1_1.pdf page 871)
– osgx
No, it's paranoia by the clueless^Wunderinformed, really. In C, 1 and 0 do in all circumstances the same.
– Jens
@osgx What does it mean?
– mrgloom
This approach will use the actual boolean type (and resolve to true and false) if the compiler supports it. (specifically, C++)
However, it would be better to check whether C++ is in use (via the __cplusplus macro) and actually use true and false.
In a C compiler, this is equivalent to 0 and 1.
(note that removing the parentheses will break that due to order of operations)
SLaksSLaks
That's incorrect, bools are not used here. The result of 1==1 is an int. (see stackoverflow.com/questions/7687403/… .)
– Mat
@Mat: Even in C++, with the boolean type?
– SLaks
Question is tagged C, but indeed in C++ the relational operators return true or false.
@Mat: I'm guessing that such code is written in C headers in order to play well with C++
@SLaks If it wanted to play nice with C++, it would #define TRUE true and #define FALSE false whenever __cplusplus is defined.
– Nikos C.
The answer is portability. The numeric values of TRUE and FALSE aren't important. What is important is that a statement like if (1 < 2) evaluates to if (TRUE) and a statement like if (1 > 2) evaluates to if (FALSE).
Granted, in C, (1 < 2) evaluates to 1 and (1 > 2) evaluates to 0, so as others have said, there's no practical difference as far as the compiler is concerned. But by letting the compiler define TRUE and FALSE according to its own rules, you're making their meanings explicit to programmers, and you're guaranteeing consistency within your program and any other library (assuming the other library follows C standards ... you'd be amazed).
Some History
Some BASICs defined FALSE as 0 and TRUE as -1. Like many modern languages, they interpreted any non-zero value as TRUE, but they evaluated boolean expressions that were true as -1. Their NOT operation was implemented by adding 1 and flipping the sign, because it was efficient to do it that way. So 'NOT x' became -(x+1). A side effect of this is that a value like 5 evaluates to TRUE, but NOT 5 evaluates to -6, which is also TRUE! Finding this sort of bug is not fun.
Given the de facto rules that zero is interpreted as FALSE and any non-zero value is interpreted as TRUE, you should never compare boolean-looking expressions to TRUE or FALSE. Examples:
if (thisValue == FALSE)  // Don't do this!
if (thatValue == TRUE)   // Or this!
if (otherValue != TRUE)  // Whatever you do, don't do this!
Why? Because many programmers use the shortcut of treating ints as bools. They aren't the same, but compilers generally allow it. So, for example, it's perfectly legal to write
if (strcmp(yourString, myString) == TRUE)  // Wrong!!!
That looks legitimate, and the compiler will happily accept it, but it probably doesn't do what you'd want. That's because the return value of strcmp() is
0 if yourString == myString
<0 if yourString < myString
>0 if yourString > myString
So the line above returns TRUE only when yourString > myString.
The right way to do this is either
// Valid, but still treats int as bool.
if (strcmp(yourString, myString))
// Better: lingustically clear, compiler will optimize.
if (strcmp(yourString, myString) != 0)
Similarly:
if (someBoolValue == FALSE)     // Redundant.
if (!someBoolValue)             // Better.
return (x > 0) ? TRUE : FALSE;  // You're fired.
return (x > 0);                 // Simpler, clearer, correct.
if (ptr == NULL)                // Perfect: compares pointers.
if (!ptr)                       // Sleazy, but short and valid.
if (ptr == FALSE)               // Whatisthisidonteven.
You'll often find some of these "bad examples" in production code, and many experienced programmers swear by them: they work, some are shorter than their (pedantically?) correct alternatives, and the idioms are almost universally recognized. But consider: the "right" versions are no less efficient, they're guaranteed to be portable, they'll pass even the strictest linters, and even new programmers will understand them.
Isn't that worth it?
Adam LissAdam Liss
(1==1) is no more portable than 1. The compiler's own rules are those of the C language, which is clear and unambiguous about the semantics of equality and relational operators. I've never seen a compiler get this stuff wrong.
– Keith Thompson
Actually the value returned by strcmp is known to be less then, equal or greater then 0. It is not guaranteed to be -1, 0 or 1 and there are platforms in the wild which don't return those values to gain speed of implementation. So if strcmp(a, b) == TRUE then a > b but reverse implication might not hold.
– Maciej Piechotka
@KeithThompson - Perhaps "portability" was the wrong term. But the fact remains that (1==1) is a boolean value; 1 is not.
– Adam Liss
@AdamLiss: In C, (1==1) and 1 are both constant expressions of type int with the value 1. They are semantically identical. I suppose you can write code that caters to readers who don't know that, but where does it end?
'not' 5 is, indeed, -6, at bit level.
– woliveirajr
The (1 == 1) trick is useful for defining TRUE in a way that is transparent to C, yet provides better typing in C++. The same code can be interpreted as C or C++ if you are writing in a dialect called "Clean C" (which compiles either as C or C++) or if you are writing API header files that can be used by C or C++ programmers.
In C translation units, 1 == 1 has exactly the same meaning as 1; and 1 == 0 has the same meaning as 0. However, in the C++ translation units, 1 == 1 has type bool. So the TRUE macro defined that way integrates better into C++.
An example of how it integrates better is that for instance if function foo has overloads for int and for bool, then foo(TRUE) will choose the bool overload. If TRUE is just defined as 1, then it won't work nicely in the C++. foo(TRUE) will want the int overload.
Of course, C99 introduced bool, true, and false and these can be used in header files that work with C99 and with C.
this practice of defining TRUE and FALSE as (0==0) and (1==0) predates C99.
there are still good reasons to stay away from C99 and work with C90.
If you're working in a mixed C and C++ project, and don't want C99, define the lower-case true, false and bool instead.
#ifndef __cplusplus
typedef int bool;
That being said, the 0==0 trick was (is?) used by some programmers even in code that was never intended to interoperate with C++ in any way. That doesn't buy anything and suggests that the programmer has a misunderstanding of how booleans work in C.
In case the C++ explanation wasn't clear, here is a test program:
#include <cstdio>
void foo(bool x)
std::puts("bool");
void foo(int x)
std::puts("int");
foo(1 == 1);
foo(1);
As to the question from the comments of how are overloaded C++ functions relevant to mixed C and C++ programming. These just illustrate a type difference. A valid reason for wanting a true constant to be bool when compiled as C++ is for clean diagnostics. At its highest warning levels, a C++ compiler might warn us about a conversion if we pass an integer as a bool parameter. One reason for writing in Clean C is not only that our code is more portable (since it is understood by C++ compilers, not only C compilers), but we can benefit from the diagnostic opinions of C++ compilers.
KazKaz
Excellent, and underappreciated, answer. It is not at all obvious that the two definitions of TRUE will differ under C++.
– user4815162342
How are overloaded functions relevant to code that compiles as both C and C++?
@KeithThompson It's not just about overloading but proper typing in general, overloading is just the most practical example when it comes into play. Of course C++ code without overloads, templates and all that "complicated" stuff removed for "C-compatibility" doesn't really care much about types at all, but that doesn't mean one should overthrow the conceptual type limitations in a given language.
– Christian Rau
@ChristianRau: What do you mean "doesn't really care much about types"? Types are central to the C language; every expression, value, and object in a C program has well defined type. If you want to define something differently in C and in C++ (in the rare cases where you actually need to write code that compiles as both C and C++), you can use #ifdef __cplusplus to express your intent much more clearly.
@KeithThompson Yes I know how important types are. It's just that without all the type-aware stuff like overloading and templates, things like the differentiation between bool and int don't matter much in practice, since they are implicitly convertible to each other (and in C actually "the same", note the quotes, though) and there are not many situations in which you really need to disambuigate between the two. "not much" was probably too heavy, "much less compared to code using templates and overloading" would've been better maybe.
in C.
The result of the relational operators is 0 or 1. 1==1 is guaranteed to be evaluated to 1 and !(1==1) is guaranteed to be evaluated to 0.
There is absolutely no reason to use the first form. Note that the first form is however not less efficient as on nearly all compilers a constant expression is evaluated at compile time rather than at run-time. This is allowed according to this rule:
(C99, 6.6p2) "A constant expression can be evaluated during translation rather than runtime, and accordingly may be used in any place that a constant may be."
PC-Lint will even issue a message (506, constant value boolean) if you don't use a literal for TRUE and FALSE macros:
For C, TRUE should be defined to be 1. However, other languages use quantities other than 1 so some programmers feel that !0 is playing it safe.
Also in C99, the stdbool.h definitions for boolean macros true and false directly use literals:
#define true   1
#define false  0
ouahouah
I have a doubt, TRUE is replaced at every usage with 1==1, while just using 1 will replace 1, isn't the first method extra comparision overhead... or it is made optimized compiler ?
– pinkpanther
@pinkpanther constant expressions are usually evaluated at compile time and so do not induce any overhead.
– ouah
1==1 is guaranteed to be evaluated to 1
@NikosC. that's kind of a good question. This matters for code of the form if(foo == true), which will go from merely bad practice to flat-out buggy.
– djechlin
+1 for pointing out the dangers in (x == TRUE) can have a different truth value than x.
– Joshua Taylor
Aside from C++ (already mentioned), another benefit is for static analysis tools. The compiler will do away with any inefficiencies, but a static analyser can use its own abstract types to distinguish between comparison results and other integer types, so it knows implicitly that TRUE must be the result of a comparison and should not be assumed to be compatible with an integer.
Obviously C says that they are compatible, but you may choose to prohibit deliberate use of that feature to help highlight bugs -- for example, where somebody might have confuse & and &&, or they've bungled their operator precedence.
sh1sh1
That's a good point, and maybe some of these tools can even catch silly code if (boolean_var == TRUE) by way of expansion to if (boolean_var == (1 == 1)) which thanks to the enhanced type info of the (1 == 1) node falls into the pattern if (<*> == <boolean_expr>).
– Kaz
The pratical difference is none. 0 is evaluated to false and 1 is evaluated to true. The fact that you use a boolean expression (1 == 1) or 1, to define true, doesn't make any difference. They both gets evaluated to int.
Notice that the C standard library provides a specific header for defining booleans: stdbool.h.
ShoeShoe
of course you haven't... but some people might think otherwise especially for negative numbers that's why :)
What? You have it backwards. true is evaluated to 1 and false is evaluated to 0. C doesn't know about native boolean types, they're just ints.
In C, relational and equality operators yield results of type int, with value 0 or 1. C does have an actual boolean type (_Bool, with a macro bool defined in <stdbool.h>, but that was only added in C99, which did not change the semantics of the operators to use the new type.
@djechlin: As of the 1999 standard, C does have a native boolean type. It's called _Bool, and <stdbool.h> has #define bool _Bool.
@KeithThompson, you are right about the 1 == 1 being evaluated as int. Edited.
– Shoe
We don't know the exact value that TRUE is equal to and the compilers can have their own definitions. So what you privode is to use the compiler's internal one for definition. This is not always necessary if you have good programming habits but can avoid problems for some bad coding style, for example:
if ( (a > b) == TRUE)
This could be a disaster if you mannually define TRUE as 1, while the internal value of TRUE is another one.
capigguecapiggue
In C, the > operator always yields 1 for true, 0 for false. There is no possibility of any C compiler getting this wrong. Equality comparisons to TRUE and FALSE are poor style; the above is more clearly written as if (a > b). But the idea that different C compilers can treat truth and false differently is just incorrect.
Typically in the C Programming Language, 1 is defined as true and 0 is defined as false. Hence why you see the following quite often:
#define TRUE 1
However, any number not equal to 0 would be evaluated to true as well in a conditional statement. Therefore by using the below:
You can just explicitly show that you trying to play it safe by making false equal to whatever isn't true.
Sabashan RagavanSabashan Ragavan
I wouldn't call it "playing it safe"--rather, you're giving yourself a false sense of security.
– dodgethesteamroller
Strange definition of FALSE and TRUE, why?
Is the "true" result of >, <, !, &&, || or == defined?
How do I detect unsigned integer multiply overflow?
What should main() return in C and C++?
What does "static" mean in C?
Why are #ifndef and #define used in C++ header files?
Improve INSERT-per-second performance of SQLite
Static linking vs dynamic linking
What does the ??!??! operator do in C?
Which is faster: while(1) or while(2)?
Why only define a macro if it's not already defined?
Strange definitions of TRUE and FALSE macros


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Giving his inaugural speech at the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) in New York, Mnangagwa, who is pushing for Zimbabwe's re-engagement with other nations following years of isolation, described the sanctions as "illegal".
"In a bid to improve nutrition and broaden income opportunities, we have also extended support to grow the livestock fisheries and wildlife sectors. We are confident that these multi-pronged programmes will accelerate Zimbabwe's re-entry into the global economy and associated value chains.
"This is one example of innovation, creativity and home-grown solutions in addressing key developmental and economic challenges in spite of the continued illegal sanctions imposed on our country. We call for their immediate and unconditional removal," he said.
Zimbabwe has been living in isolation for nearly two decades after the then president Robert Mugabe cut ties with the international community.
This was after he embarked on a bloody land reform programme that resulted in western countries including the United Kingdom and the US, imposing an economic embargo on Zimbabwe.
In 2001, Washington enacted the controversial Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act (Zidera) which blocked American firms and those with American interests from engaging in any form of trade with the southern Africa nation.
Several officials linked to Mugabe's administration were also slapped with travel bans and their assets were frozen, as the country's access to credit facilities was also blocked.
What followed were years of economic meltdown, which saw many Zimbabweans leaving the country in search of greener pastures in other countries.
Zimbabwe was reduced to one of the poorest nations in the world — from being the bread basket of southern Africa to a basket case.
The sanctions were imposed in a bid by the western nations to force Zimbabwe to restore the observance of human rights and democracy following years of rights violations and alleged stolen elections.
Mugabe had used such platforms as UNGA to lash out at the West over the sanctions, which he said contributed immensely to the suffering in Zimbabwe.
Following this fallout with the West in the early 2000s, Mugabe adopted a look East approach, as he "went to bed" with largely Asian countries.
But unlike his predecessor, Mnangagwa, has been seeking to re-engage with the international community, making a commitment to meet some of the conditions set by the West for the sanctions to be removed.
In his desperation to get White House to reconsider its position, Mnangagwa has even offered US President Donald Trump an opportunity to develop a golf course in the resort town of Victoria Falls.
Trump — a billionaire president — owns at least 19 pristine and private golf courses around the world.
His business influence reverberates across the globe.
US ambassador to Zimbabwe Brian Andrew Nichols on Tuesday said that Washington was prepared to lift sanctions if Mnangagwa was to follow the Constitution in dealing with the country's affairs.
Recently, Washington introduced a Bill meant to amend the biting Zidera, which introduced tough sanctions against Mugabe personally, as well as many of his senior officials and State entities.
The Bill, referred to as the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Amendment Act of 2018, which has since been passed into law, does not only contain conditions which are specific to Mnangagwa's new dispensation — but if these conditions are met, they will see Trump's administration completely removing the current sanctions and re-establishing wholesome relations with Harare.
The Trump administration has urged Mnangagwa to walk the talk, and make meaningful changes that would open talking lines between the two nations.
Mnangagwa in his address also spoke about the recently-held elections, where he emerged the winner in a contested outcome.
body. The recommendations will be taken into account as we deepen our democratic and electoral processes.
"We shall continue to entrench constitutionalism, democratic traditions and norms, peace unity and harmony for it is indeed under such conditions that sustainable development, inclusive economic growth and prosperity can occur," he said.
He, however, made reference to the post-election violence that took place in Harare on August 1, 2018.
"The isolated and unfortunate incident of post-election violence that occurred on August 1, 2018 is regrettable and most unacceptable," he said.
Mnangagwa has since sworn in a seven-member commission of inquiry into the events that led to the death of at least six people.
The commission of inquiry is headed by former South African president Kgalema Motlanthe.
Other members of the commission of inquiry include lawyer and National Constitutional Assembly president Lovemore Madhuku, Zanu PF loyalist and academic Charity Manyeruke, Law Society of Zimbabwe's ex-president Vimbai Nyemba, Rodney Dixon of the United Kingdom, former Tanzanian chief of defence forces General Davis Mwamunyange and former Commonwealth secretary-general Chief Emeka Anyaoku of Nigeria.
"The ultimate report and recommendations shall help us to bring closure to the matter and assist in the improvement of our governance," he said.
Ko izvo vamwe vaitiudza kuti hakuna masanctions,''....only travel bans...'' SAKA CHAVA KUDA KUBVISWA APA CHII?
If you put institutions like RBZ on sanctions, its the same thing as putting us on sanctions. RBZ represents us. They should be lifted because they only affect the ordinary people.
IT should be a treasonous offense for any Zimbabwean to call for sanctions against his own country. As for this fellow #Innocent he is displaying gross ignorance of ZIDERA and how it works in practice. The President is not begging but trying to improve the plight of his people and this is the thanks he gets from this pseudo reporter by the name of Tendai? Ivaiwo nenyadzi vanhuwe.
Calling the sanctions ''illegal and demanding their immediate and unconditional removal'' is a tired script from RG Mugabe's era that is not begging. A month before the July 30 plebiscite the Americans gave ED conditions he need to meet in order for the sanctions to be removed and just like Robert he ignored those conditions. It is a gross de-services to the citizens of Zimbabwe who paid for his (and hangers-on) holiday in NY for him to now go and shout in NY about sanctions when he was given an opportunity to make things right back here at home 3 months ago.


A clean up operation is underway on two sites in Douglas after they were snapped up by a property company.
The Isle of Man-based Tevir Group has purchased the buildings and land comprising the 'Villiers site' in Douglas.
This incorporates Villiers House (formerly RBSI House), Clarendon House and land including a development plot and the area known as the 'town square'.
A comprehensive clean-up of this part of the site started on Monday.
Local architects and urban designers are being engaged to progress the first phase of a project that will ultimately lead to a contemporary public space being developed.
Long term plans for the development plot on the site are currently being considered.
In respect of the Tevir Group's other development projects in Douglas the former Zurich headquarters on Athol Street is undergoing extensive building works and refurbishment in order to create premium multi-tenant office space in central Douglas.
Work has already begun on this site and is expected to be completed during the summer of 2019.
Black Grace Cowley is already in advance stage negotiations with a number of parties and the first tenants are expected to take up occupation shortly after completion.
Work is also underway at the former Castle Mona Hotel on Central Promenade in Douglas to secure the site and to prevent further deterioration to the historic building which has been empty since 2006.


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text:
The World Today for February 28, 2020
State of Paranoia
Authorities in Tajikistan are reportedly rounding up Islamic clerics and scholars whom they suspect of harboring views that might undermine the government.
Some readers might approve of detaining potential jihadists who studied in schools in Egypt, Iran, and Pakistan where radicalization has occurred in the past. But the timing of the arrests in Tajikistan should give everyone pause.
As Eurasianet reported, the detentions coincide with the run-up to parliamentary elections on March 1 and presidential elections that are currently unscheduled but slated to occur this year. University professors, Sufi mullahs, Arabic language teachers and others were among those seized. One 72-year-old cleric might have died due to the crackdown.
Recently, authorities in the former Soviet republic also nabbed 113 suspected members of the Muslim Brotherhood, a group that critics describe as terrorists and defenders say is a peaceful political organization. Tajikistan banned the brotherhood in 2006. "The group's goal is to forcibly overthrow the government and establish an Islamic state," Tajikistan's Prosecutor-General Yusuf Rahmon told New Europe, a Belgium-based newspaper.
The prosecutor's fears stem from the civil war that gripped Tajikistan in the early 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union. More than 30,000 people perished as the ex-communist government fought Islamic rebels over the future of the mountainous Central Asian country.
The scars from that war remain. The United Arab Emirates recently extradited back to Tajikistan a commander who fought on the government's side to face charges that include murder, torture, kidnapping and possessing illegal weapons, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty wrote.
Today, as the impoverished country struggles to grow its economy and even feed itself, as a recent World Food Programme report explained, Tajik President Emomali Rahmon wants to avoid falling into the chaos that has engulfed neighboring Afghanistan.
President Rahmon doesn't appear interested in building civic institutions like a free press to help achieve his goals, however.
The Guardian reported that officials recently arrested independent journalist Daler Sharipov for his alleged connections with the Muslim Brotherhood and promoting extremism. The Committee to Protect Journalists has called on prosecutors to drop the charges.
Radio Free Europe has also complained that Rahmon has sought to undermine its Tajik language service, Radio Ozodi, from operating.
It's strange that President Rahmon is hell-bent on stifling all criticism. A few years ago he engineered a referendum to eliminate term limits, practically ensuring he'd be in charge for life. Opposition parties are not even making efforts to contest the upcoming parliamentary elections, wrote the Diplomat, because they know they don't stand a chance in a climate where the president holds so much power.
Fear can stifle democracy.
House in Order
Tunisia's Parliament on Thursday approved the new coalition government of Prime Minister-designate Elyes Fakhfakh, ending the deadlock that has delayed policies to revive the country's sluggish economy, Al Jazeera reported.
The new government comes a month after lawmakers rejected an alternative line-up proposed by Fakhfakh's predecessor, Habib Jemli, who was nominated by the conservative Ennahdha party.
Cash-strapped Tunisia needs a $3 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund to cover government expenditures in 2020.
Throughout the past decade, unemployment has remained at 15 percent in the fledgling democracy, following the ouster of former autocrat Zine El Abidine Ben Ali.
Analysts, however, are doubtful the new government will be able to secure a deal, since there are a lot of issues that they disagree on, such as the privatization of state-owned enterprises.
"This is so much so the case that I expect some members to vote against laws put forth by the government which they are supposed to be part of," said Tunisian journalist Moez Zayoud.
More than 60 people were injured, the majority of them riot police, during protests in the islands of Lesbos and Chios over plans to build new migrant camps, the BBC reported Thursday.
The new camps are part of the government's effort to replace the overcrowded facilities on the islands of Lesbos, Samos, Chios, Leros and Kos, which lie off the coast of Turkey. Greek authorities also vowed to reduce the number of migrants on the islands from 42,000 to 20,000.
Locals have opposed the construction of the new centers. The recent clashes began after the Greek government secretly shipped construction machinery and hundreds of riot police officers to Lesbos and Chios earlier this week.
Officials said that the tensions are no surprise and urged people to remain calm.
Hundreds of thousands of migrants from Syria headed toward Europe arrived on the Greek islands off Turkey in 2015 and 2016.
Although their numbers dropped following a deal between the European Union and Turkey, arrivals have again increased recently.
Ongoing Deadlock
Iraqi politicians failed on Thursday to approve Prime Minister-designate Mohammed Allawi's new government, further prolonging the political deadlock amid anti-government protests, Reuters reported.
Lawmakers opposed Allawi's proposed cabinet and boycotted the parliamentary session to approve the prime minister-designate's picks.
Iraqis have taken to the streets since October to protest the poor conditions in the country and to call for the removal of Iraq's entire ruling elite.
Around 500 people have been killed, and the unrest forced Prime Minister Adil Abdul-Mahdi to step down two months later.
The demonstrators oppose Allawi, arguing that he is part of the system they are trying to bring down.
After his nomination last month, Allawi made several ambitious promises, including vows to hold early elections, to punish those responsible for killing protesters and to end foreign interference.
According to Iraq's constitution, the prime minister-designate needs to get a cabinet approved through Parliament, otherwise President Barham Salih will be forced to appoint a new candidate for prime minister.
People generally swim away to avoid touching a jellyfish, but there are some species that can deliver a sting without making contact, United Press International reported.
In a new study, scientists discovered that the Cassiopea xamachana, or upside-down jellyfish, can launch small venom grenades – known as cassiosomes – that can sting from afar.
The researchers observed groups of upside-down jellyfish shooting out blobs of mucus containing toxin-filled capsules that are generally found on jellyfish tentacles.
The blobs create a cloud of stinging water that can irritate a person's skin – or paralyze other marine creatures.
The team had seen these clouds of mucus before, but were only recently able to determine where the stinging water came from.
"The answer was right under our noses," said lead author Cheryl Ames.
The team speculated that this behavior was used as a defense against predators, but they added that it could also be used to catch prey.
They noted that this ability wasn't exclusive to upside-down jellyfish, but was also seen in several closely related species belonging to the same group, Rhizostomeae.
Unlike their upside-down kin, these other species swim like other jellyfish.
This summer, beachgoers might want to pay more attention to what's in the water.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Queen Released A Statement About Prince Harry And Meghan Markle's Oprah Interview
"While some recollections may vary, they are taken very seriously and will be addressed by the family privately."
By Amber Jamieson
Amber Jamieson BuzzFeed News Reporter
Posted on March 9, 2021, at 12:55 p.m. ET
Chris Jackson / Getty Images
From left: Queen Elizabeth II, Meghan, Duchess of Sussex, and Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, on the balcony of Buckingham Palace in 2018
Queen Elizabeth II is concerned by allegations of racism raised by the Duke and Duchess of Sussex, Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, during their blockbuster interview with Oprah Winfrey, Buckingham Palace officials said Tuesday.
"The whole family is saddened to learn the full extent of how challenging the last few years have been for Harry and Meghan," read a statement from the palace on behalf of the Queen.
"The issues raised, particularly that of race, are concerning," the statement continued. "While some recollections may vary, they are taken very seriously and will be addressed by the family privately.
"Harry, Meghan and Archie will always be much loved family members."
Roya Nikkhah @RoyaNikkhah
BREAKING statement from Buckingham Palace issued on behalf of the Queen in response to #HarryandMeghanonOprah
@RoyaNikkhah / Twitter / Via Twitter: @RoyaNikkhah
During the Sunday night interview, Meghan and Harry said there had been "concerns and conversations" within the royal family about how dark the skin of their son, Archie, would be.
On Monday morning, Winfrey told CBS that although Harry would not say who had made the racist comments about their son's skin, he clarified that "it was not his grandmother or grandfather who were part of those conversations."
During the interview, the pair also accused the royal family of not doing more to defend Meghan amid racist attacks from the press. They also said that the pressure and lack of support resulted in Meghan having suicidal thoughts while she was pregnant.
Meghan Markle Said There Were "Concerns And Conversations" With The Royal Family About Her Son's Skin Color Ellie Hall · March 8, 2021
Meghan Markle Said She Considered Suicide While Pregnant And That She "Just Didn't Want To Be Alive Anymore" Ellie Hall · March 8, 2021
Meghan Markle Said Kate Middleton Made Her Cry During Wedding Planning Ellie Hall · March 8, 2021
Meghan Markle Opened Up About The Brutal Phone Call She Had With Her Father After He Set Up Paparazzi Photos Before Her Wedding To Prince Harry Ellie Woodward · March 9, 2021
Amber Jamieson is an editor for BuzzFeed News and is based in New York.
Contact Amber Jamieson at amber.jamieson@buzzfeed.com.


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Jean-Baptiste Ferrand est un homme politique français né et décédé à une date inconnue.

Administrateur du département et commissaire du directoire exécutif près l'administration centrale, il est élu député de la Loire au Conseil des Cinq-Cents le 24 germinal an VII. Favorable au coup d'État du 18 Brumaire, il est nommé conseiller de préfecture dans l'Ain en 1800.

Sources

Conseiller de préfecture
Député de la Loire
Membre du Conseil des Cinq-Cents

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Several Afghan and worldwide security officials said Razeq, one of Afghanistan's most powerful commanders with a fearsome reputation as an enemy of the Taliban, had been killed.
The gunman killed the powerful Kandahar police chief and at least one other senior Afghan official but missed the top US commander in the country, Gen. Scott Miller.
"There was a situation at the Kandahar palace today", said Col. David Butler, spokesman for U.S. Forces Afghanistan "Initial reports indicate Afghan officials were the targets".
"Sources also say the attack was initiated by at least one of the governor's bodyguards", TOLO added. The U.S. military released a statement confirming that Miller, who was in the compound at the time of the attack, was not hurt, but that three Americans had been wounded.
Thursday's attack underlined how precarious the situation remains in Afghanistan after more than 17 years of war and even after Taliban and US officials have opened preliminary contacts aimed at establishing the basis for future peace talks.
Raziq and intelligence chief Abdul Mohmin died immediately in the attack and provincial governor Zalmay Wesa died of his injuries at a hospital.
For the first time since a US -led invasion forced the Taliban from power in 2001, elections won't be held across Afghanistan.
Raziq and two others, including the provincial intelligence chief and a journalist, were killed in the attack.
The three Americans who were wounded and evacuated from the scene included a soldier, civilian and contractor.
He had been a key figure in the USA strategy of securing the southern region against the Taliban.
Afghanistan is on high alert ahead of the long-delayed parliamentary elections on October 20, after the Taliban pledged to block the vote.
Miller was present during the shooting but uninjured. The Taliban have said they carried out the attack.
"People and the security forces of Afghanistan have been paying a heavy price due to continued instability and threats from the enemies of peace", Imran Khan said in a statement. "I think it's too early to say whether it will have any real effect on the upcoming election".
According to ISPR, General Bajwa "expressed wishes to see Afghan and other security forces succeeding to bring an end to this prolonged violence in Afghanistan".
"It's believed that one of the governor's guards opened fire, but it is not yet confirmed", said Agha Lalay Datagiri, the deputy governor of Kandahar.
Eight US soldiers and three other North Atlantic Treaty Organisation service members have died in Afghanistan so far this year.


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yourSAUGA
Weed Legalisation: One Year Later
It's been almost one year since marijuana became legal for sale in Canada. Prior to the commencement of the long-awaited legalisation, many were concerned about the impact it may have on businesses, the youth, car accidents, crime, and the country as a whole. Now, just under a year later, we can look back at what happened and where we are now.
In regards to the country as a whole, marijuana has been a rousing success, at least in terms of the tangibles. The first month that weed was legal in Canada, October 2018, it accrued $53.68 million in sales. In July of 2019, some nine months later, the recreational drug generated over $104 million in sales, doubling its revenue. July's results mean that marijuana sales hit a five-month consecutive high, and, on its current trajectory, the overall money generated should be around the $1 billion mark for the first full year of sales.
Therefore it's all been sunshine and roses in regards to money, at least. And things are probably only going to increase and improve as edibles become available now in October. Meaning this time next year we could be looking at a $2 billion industry. Not too shabby, but it does fall short of Wall Street expectations and projections.
Health Canada was basically in charge of how weed was regulated in Canada, and it faced a lot of struggles in regards to reviewing applications from sales, cultivators, and more. Meaning many companies were unable to sell the product until long after the legalisation date. And that was compounded by distinct provinces in Canada dealing with the legalisation in different ways. Even the manufacturers were slow to get off the starting line, meaning they were immediately scrambling to meet demand and thus many users just resorted to their pre-legalisation means.
All of which is to say there have been a lot of growing pains but overall, the country has adapted quite well. The steady growth of the drug is encouraging from many perspectives, both financially and culturally. Canada has not descended into high chaos, nor has it been overwhelmed or seen a mass decrease in productivity. Things are moving in the right direction but they're moving perhaps a smidge slower than users and sellers would have liked.
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What a wonderful time of the year! It's just beautiful to – get out in the cold, the traffic, the lines at the store. Nothing humorous about that statement. I'm serious! It is a great time.
I don't know if you have ever been in a tornado or not – or if you have ever had to go to your "safe place" when one passes by. We have had to a couple of times and it can be quite scary.
The homegoing of Paul Harvey was a sad loss for me personally. This was a truly great commentator. Yes he was conservative for sure, yet Harvey knew how to touch the heart of America with his down home wit and wisdom.
Went to a Hockey Game and a Miracle Broke Out!
I apologize that it's been a while since I have "spoken" to you here. Lots going on, but I'll just plead guilty and ask for mercy.
Dog Show Winner: in Memory of Pebbles?
Did you see that Uno, the winner of the Westminster Dog Show last week, was a beagle? Is that cool or what? Do you think they did that just in memory of Pebbles?


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Michael Copon on "One Tree Hill" - 12 (2005)
Michael Copon's (Lucas, Time Force) twelfth and final appearance on "One Tree Hill" came in the episode titled "Something I Can Never Have." His character Felix is busted by his sister Anna who discovers he was the culprit who spray painted the offensive word 'dyke' on Peyton's (series regular Hilarie Burton) locker because he was unhappy with her getting close to his sister. Anna shocks Felix when she confronts him, revealing that she is the lesbian, not Peyton. She turns Felix in to the school principal and his parents decide to send him to military school as punishment. When news of Felix's act is revealed to his girlfriend Brooke (series regular Sophia Bush), she breaks up with him on the spot for defacing her best friend's locker and spewing hatred. Felix is last seen leaving Tree Hill High School. Given his major role, a full zip of Copon's screencaps is available to download.
Click Here to Download All 25 Screencaps
Season 2 of "One Tree Hill" is available on DVD
Previous Michael Copon posts
Michael Copon on "One Tree Hill"
Michael Copon on "CSI: Miami"
Michael Copon on "Scrubs"
Michael Copon in "Scorpion King 2: Rise of a Warrior"
Michael Copon in "All You've Got"
Labels: Blue Ranger, Michael Copon, One Tree Hill, Time Force
Archie Kao & Ilia Volok on "Once and Again" (1999)
In the same year he began his role as Lost Galaxy's Blue Ranger, Archie Kao (Kai, Lost Galaxy) took on a notable role on the family drama "Once and Again." Kao appeared a couple times on the series as Steve, an employee of one of the show's main characters, architect Rick Sammler. In the episode "A Dream Deferred," Steve helps his boss move a countertop which he plans to use to help build a coffee bar in his girlfriend's book store. Kao appears in only one scene, alongside the series stars Sela Ward & Billy Campbell. He's joined in this episode by another future PR star. Ilia Volok (Viktor Adler/Master Org, Wild Force) also appears in this episode as a friendly repairman named Sonny, who helps Rick's girlfriend Lily when her washing machine breaks down. When he tries to install the new model, Sonny & Lily discover that it won't fit despite being the exact same model, which forces her to upgrade. Volok appears in two scenes.
Archie Kao
Ilia Volok
Season 1 of "Once and Again" is available on DVD
Previous Archie Kao Television posts
Archie Kao on "CSI: Crime Scene Investigation" - 8
Archie Kao on "Desperate Housewives"
Archie Kao on "Heroes"
Archie Kao on "Huff"
Previous Ilia Volok Television posts
Ilia Volok on "Worst Week"
Ilia Volok on "Las Vegas"
Ilia Volok on "Six Feet Under"
Ilia Volok on "Monk"
Labels: Archie Kao, Blue Ranger, Ilia Volok, Lost Galaxy, Once and Again, Villains, Wild Force
Ted, Tim & Tom DiFilippo in "Major League: Back to the Minors" (1998)
Ted, Tim & Tom DiFilippo (Trey, Zeo) made their movie debuts in "Major League: Back to the Minors." Only two of the triplets, however, were seen on-screen at a time in the third film in the "Major League" franchise. Tim & Tom portrayed Juan Lopez, a member of the fictional South Carolina Buzz baseball team. Ted portrayed Juan's twin brother, also named Juan. The two players quickly become known as Juan #1 and Juan #2 by their new manager Gus Cantrell (played by Scott Bakula). At first the twin brothers don't get along very well on the field, as they fight over the ball and almost come to blows. Eventually, they learn to play well with one another and help their team to victory. The DiFilippos appear throughout the movie, mostly in the background, as they don't have many lines. While this is the first appearance for the actors portraying Zeo's Gold Ranger, the character's voice actor, Brad Hawkins has appeared several times on the blog already.
"Major League: Back to the Minors" is available on DVD
Previous Power Rangers Zeo posts
Brad Hawkins on "Charmed"
Nakia Burrise in "This Space Between Us"
Catherine Sutherland in "The Cell"
Jason David Frank in "Fall Guy: The John Stewart Story"
Alex Borstein in "Coyote Ugly"
Labels: Gold Ranger, Ted DiFilippo, Tim DiFilippo, Tom DiFilippo, Zeo
Keith Robinson on "American Dreams" (2003)
Keith Robinson (Joel, Lightspeed) is no stranger to television and in 2003 he joined the cast of the NBC family drama "American Dreams." Robinson first appeared in episode twelve of the series as Nathan, the nephew of Henry Walker, the employee of main character Jack Pryor. The show, set in the 1960's, is a coming of age drama showing the cultural and racial divides of the time, through the Pryor family and their African American counterparts, the Walker family. In the episode "Great Expectations" Nathan comes into their lives as a youth on the verge of trouble back home. His mother sends him to stay with his uncle in hopes that he will gain the drive to succeed in life. Robinson continued in a recurring capacity for the duration of the series.
Season 1 of "American Dreams" is available on DVD
Previous Keith Robinson posts
Keith Robinson in "Fat Albert"
Keith Robinson in "Dreamgirls"
Keith Robinson on "ER"
Keith Robinson on "Canterbury's Law"
Keith Robinson on "Over There"
Labels: American Dreams, Green Ranger, Keith Robinson, Lightspeed Rescue
Archie Kao & Ilia Volok on "Once and Again" (1999...
Ted, Tim & Tom DiFilippo in "Major League: Back to...


1.Total 1702 seats include the wheelchair seats are elegant comfort, available for theater, dance, rallies, concerts. 2. stage facilities equipped with portable Orchestra shell, the stage and orchestra pit, the Steinway piano. 3. computer control system of lighting control room, 264 circuit dimming machine, all kinds of lamps 420 sets, strong track lights 2 group, equipped with international standard. 4. sound control room has 40 circuit control table, all kinds of microphones 50 groups and professional digital recorder, laser disc, with blasts shook the sound effects.
Several hotels are aroud the theater.
American food and Chinese food are available around the theater.
There are 4 wheelchair-accessible seats in 1st floor and 4 wheelchair-accessible seats in 2nd floor; Also there are seats for the audience late.


I am so happy I can finally share this project with you! It was a birthday present for my friend Kara & she reads my blog, so I couldn't spill the beans. Donna and I hung out and painted this up a couple weeks ago. It was straight forward. 1. Base Coat 2. Words 3. Let it dry!
Making things and spending time with great people are some of my favorite things, so this evening was a blast! Have you ever made anything for a friend?
Caption for this craft "so easy to do, you can do it in white pants."
That's a great caption. Also, I love seeing your comments on here.


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Chelsea was named a finalist in the Boston District of the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions. She will compete in the New England Regional Auditions on Sunday, January 25th.
Chelsea pictured with BNMI Artistic Director Patrick Valentino and composer Alex Miller
Chelsea enjoyed her second engagement with Boston New Music Initiative as the soprano soloist on their "Voci et Veritas" concert. The program included works for soprano and chamber ensemble by Alexander Elliott Miller (Two Autumns) and Massimo Lauricella (E piove in petto una dolcezza inquieta), as well as Amanda Stuart's electroacoustic text-sound work Not Missing You.
Photograph by Kathy Wittman
6.15.14
"A well-prepared chorus sealed the deal." - Boston Globe
Chelsea had the great pleasure of joining the chorus of Odyssey Opera's first festival season, appearing in Verdi's Un giorno di regno and Mascagni's Zanetto.
Chelsea is excited to be coming full circle at The Boston Conservatory as a new part-time voice faculty member, teaching two sections of the freshman Voice for Dancers class.
Photograph by Lindsay Conrad
Chelsea spent the day at Mechanics Hall in Worcester, MA completing a recording of Virgil Thompson's Four Saints in Three Acts with Boston Modern Orchestra Project, under the direction of Gil Rose.
The recording, which will be released in 2014, followed a very well-received performance of the piece at Jordan Hall on November 16th.
This morning, Chelsea visited Colorado Public Radio to record an aria from the upcoming world premiere of Libby Larsen's A Wrinkle in Time. An interview with Ms. Larsen and stage director Leigh Holman will air on CPR next week, along with musical excerpts.
As another part of the CU New Opera Workshop, Chelsea will perform in Making Sense of Sound: Vocal Works of Libby Larsen. She will sing "Anne Boleyn" from the cycle
Try Me, Good King. The concert is free and open to the public on Sunday, June 9 at 2:00 pm in the Music Theater of the CU Boulder Imig Music Building.
Performances of A Wrinkle in Time run Friday, June 14th through Sunday, June 16th, in CU Boulder's Atlas Black Box Theater. Tickets are available at cupresents.org.
Photograph by Laura Brumbaugh
On Monday, Chelsea was very fortunate to sing in a masterclass for Jake Heggie, who was in residency at University of Colorado, Boulder. She sang one of the pieces from the composer's song cycle, Rise and Fall, which will be featured on her upcoming Master's recital, Tuesday, April 16th at 7:30.
Chelsea is also excited to announce that she will be singing the role of Mrs. Murry in the CU New Opera Workshop production of Act I of Libby Larsen's new adaptation of A Wrinkle in Time. Ms. Larsen will be in residency at the workshop, which precedes the professional premiere at Fort Worth Opera in their 2015 season.
Last Saturday, Chelsea was named a finalist in the Denver Lyric Opera Guild Competition for Colorado Singers. She will compete in the final round held at Bethany Lutheran Church on Saturday, March 16 at 1:00 pm.
Chelsea will be singing about Lost Love tonight with Opera on Tap in Denver. The Denver Post has a short feature on the show's new location.
Tech week is about to begin for Loveland Opera Theatre's La Bohème, which opens Friday, February 15th at the Rialto Theater in Loveland, CO. Chelsea will be singing in the Saturday family matinees highlighted in this article in the Reporter Herald.
Chelsea was named a District Finalist in the Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions yesterday. Today, she will compete in the Rocky Mountain regional round of auditions. The event in open to the public, beginning at 1:30 pm at the Ellie Caulkin's Opera House in Denver, CO.
Yesterday, Chelsea advanced to the semi-final round of the Bruce Ekstrand Memorial Graduate Student Competition at the University of Colorado, Boulder. She also recently sang for an exhilarating masterclass with internationally renowned mezzo-soprano, Michelle DeYoung.
She is keeping busy in rehearsals for The Rake's Progress, which opens October 26th in Macky Auditorium, and preparing the role of Mimí for her debut with Loveland Opera Theatre in their February 2013 production of La Bohème.
Chelsea is entering tech week for a production of the children's opera Brundibar, in which she will be singing the role of Sparrow under the baton of conductor Michael Christie.
Performances will take place on June 28th and 29th at 7:30pm at the historic Chautauqua Auditorium, as part of the Colorado Music Festival. You can find ticket information here.
Chelsea has been cast as Anne Trulove in the Fall 2012 CU Opera production of The Rake's Progress.
Yesterday, Chelsea won 2nd Place in the Graduate Men and Women's Division of the Colorado/Wyoming NATS Competition.
On Tuesday, Chelsea will present her first Master's Recital at CU Boulder. The program features Faure's La chanson d'Eve, Strauss's Drei Lieder her Ophelia, and Larsen's Try Me, Good King.
For the remainder of the month, Chelsea will be busy with two assistant directing positions: Il Trovatore with Opera Colorado and Rossini's La Cambiale di Matrimonio with CU Opera.
Chelsea is thrilled to be singing the title role in Suor Angelica with CU Opera. She will be featured in two performances in Macky Auditorium: 7:30 pm on Friday, March 16th and 2:00 pm on Sunday, March 18th.
Chelsea is excited to be singing the role of Mimì in Act II of La Bohéme in CU Opera's Scenes Showcase this December. She will also appear as Donna Elvira.
Additionally, Chelsea is directing members of the undergraduate Opera Theater class in the opening scene of La Cenerentola.
Beginning August 22nd, Chelsea will be returning to school full-time to pursue her Master of Music degree in Voice Performance at University of Colorado, Boulder.
She looks forward to private studies with Julie Simson and a graduate assistantship working with Dr. Leigh Holman, Director of CU Opera.


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A Morgadinha dos Canaviais é o terceiro romance do escritor português Júlio Dinis, publicado em 1868. A acção passa-se no século XIX em Grijó - Vila Nova de Gaia onde residiu Julio Dinis (Quinta dos Canaviais e Quinta da Alvapenha). Retrata a Morgadinha, chamada Madalena Constança, uma rapariga de enorme beleza e generosidade.

Enredo
A história inicia-se com a personagem principal, Henrique de Souselas, órfão e rico residente em Lisboa, que se encontrava doente devido ao diletantismo e à sensação de inutilidade da vida urbana.

Por esse motivo resolve instalar-se em casa da sua tia Doroteia, numa aldeia no norte de Portugal, a conselho de seu médico. Aí se restabelece e conhece Madalena, a elegante, inteligente e enérgica morgadinha, e apaixona-se por ela. No entanto, este amor não é correspondido e torna-se incómodo tanto para Madalena, que não gosta de Henrique, como para Augusto, que vê em Henrique um rival. Augusto é um professor primário pobre e honesto, que é amigo de Vicente, o herbanário que veria a sua casa destruída pela construção de uma estrada. Augusto nutre, desde criança, um amor secreto por Madalena, a Morgadinha dos Canaviais. Certo dia, Henrique, na taberna, ridiculariza o morgado das Perdizes sendo agredido por ele e pelos sujeitos que a frequentavam. Combalido agressão, Henrique é levado para a casa da morgadinha. Aí é tratado com todos os cuidados por Cristina, uma rapariga pura e inocente, prima de Madalena, por quem acaba por se apaixonar. Henrique pede a sua mão e casa com a Cristina. Por outro lado o amor secreto de Madalena e Augusto é revelado e acabam por casar.

Personagens
 Madalena Adelaide de Mesquita- senhora jovem e elegante
 Henrique de Souselas - proprietário lisboeta
 Conselheiro Manuel Berardo Mesquita - pai de Madalena
 Augusto - mestre-escola

Análise
Na figura do protagonista, Henrique de Souselas, a obra ilustra uma das teses favoritas do autor: o efeito regenerador da vida rústica sobre um sujeito deprimido pela vida urbana. Madalena, a Morgadinha, e a sua prima Cristina representam mulheres fortes, femininas e virtuosas, dispostas a contornar as barreiras sociais por amor, como acontece com Madalena com Augusto. Está também presente, uma forte componente de crítica social, que visa o fanatismo religioso e o clericalismo hipócrita, nomeadamente à crítica da tão controversa lei da altura que proibia o enterro nas Igrejas.

Adaptações
Existe um filme de 1949 com o mesmo título realizado por  Caetano Bonucci e Amadeu Ferrari.

Em 1989 a RTP produziu a série A Morgadinha dos Canaviais, com São José Lapa e Virgílio Castelo nos papéis principais. O romance de Júlio Dinis foi adaptado e realizado por Ferrão Katzenstein.

Livros de Júlio Dinis
Livros de 1868
Romances de Portugal


A timeless piece that will never date out of style. Cut to precision from luxurious boiled wool fully lined in scuba knit and can be worn as a reversable duster. Layer this piece over everything from sweaters, to blouses, to jeans.


Tottenham Hotspur's Argentinian head coach Mauricio Pochettino gestures in the rain during the closing ceremony at White Hart Lane in London, on May 14, 2017.
JOHANNESBURG - Tottenham Hotspur will find out if they can compete with Europe&39;s elite when they take on an experienced Juventus side in the Champions League last 16 on Tuesday, according to their manager Mauricio Pochettino.
Spurs reached the knockout stage by topping Group H, which included Borussia Dortmund and holders Real Madrid, but their Argentine manager suggested on Monday that the biggest test of their campaign would be against the Italians.
"Tomorrow, we&39;ll see if we can compete at this level," Pochettino told a news conference. "Juventus have plenty of experience and we need to reach their level with motivation, energy and the desire to compete.
"We are going to be brave, we are going to try to win. We need to play with freedom and clear ideas. It&39;s a game we must enjoy," he added before they face a Juve side who have lost in two of the last three Champions League finals.
Tottenham striker Harry Kane said the ambitious London club, who move into a new stadium next season, were heading into the game with plenty of belief and he was hopeful they could take something back to Wembley for the return leg next month.
"Nobody expected us to get out of our group and so we come here with great confidence... It will be tough tomorrow night but hopefully we can get the job done," he said.
Spurs defender Toby Alderweireld, who recently returned to action after a hamstring injury, did not travel with the squad after Pochettino decided to ease the Belgian back in.
"He had a massive injury and from day one we designed a plan to provide him with the best tools to recover as soon as possible and to be stronger than before," the Spurs coach said.
"He has started to work with the team and it&39;s our judgement that he needs to build his fitness."


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Defend Education Birmingham
← Guild vote of no confidence undemocratically rejected
Simon Furse Hearing – Canceled →
by EB | February 13, 2012 · 1:07 pm
Injunction letter: Why I didn't sign – It is not the Guild's job to cover up for the university
Cross posted from Edd Bauer's VP Education Blog
this week I was unable to fulfill Guild Council's mandate to sign a letter to the University. This may seem odd as I was the author of the motion which gave the mandate, but I didn't sign the letter because it was meant to be a way of correcting an incorrect public statement sent out by the Guild to all students in a joint letter with the University yet it did not do so. I also felt that the letter was not sufficient to cover what the motion was requesting and I think that it is important that all students have a goo
Fight the "ban on protests" join the demo this wednesday at 1pm
d understanding of how the injunction applies to them.
On 11/01/12 Mark Harrop, the President of the Guild, co-signed a letter with the PVC Education, the letter which is attached below. The letter he co-signed is essentially in support of the injunction and the University. This is the same injunction "banning protests" which has been condemned by Amnesty International and Liberty, amongst others. The letter is factually incorrect and, further to this, it provides whitewash for the University's action, covering up their regressive actions. The co-signing by the Guild is certainly a breach of mandate to defend the right to protest as it seeks to hide facts and justify the removal of the right to protest.
At the time, Mark was being widely criticised for giving evidence against a student involved in the occupation so the issue didn't get much attention. However, it is not the role of the student union to cover up for the University's regressive actions. The below aims to set the record straight.
Points from the letter signed by Mark that were incorrect:
1. "We are writing to you to address any misunderstandings concerning the University's approach to student protests, to clarify the facts of the unlawful possession of a University property in late November and associated injunction"
The possession of the abandoned property was in fact deemed lawful by the police. Sit-ins that do not disrupt any other legal activity are not against the law and the protests in the property were deemed by the police to have had squatters rights. No arrests were made and no charges brought.
2. "The University and the Guild uphold the legal rights of individuals to protest peacefully. We are absolutely committed to these rights, and no actions we have taken, or will take, would infringe these in any way. The University also has an obligation to protect the safety and well-being of our students, staff and the wider community "
This is purely and quite transparently an outright lie: as if a university that has been condemned by Amnesty, Liberty and Index of Censorship for infringing the right to protest can claim this. The Guild should never have signed this statement. Especially as when they signed it they were bound by policy to object to the injunction. Signing this was a brazen breach of a Guild Council mandate.
3. "Throughout this time the protestors had access to running water, food and legal advice."
This is again untrue. In fact, public statements from the Guild at the time show that food had to be negotiated into the protest and video evidence shows university security prevented students from passing food to the protesters. The protestors were also effectively denied access to lawyers. A statement from the protestors' lawyers states that the University "Insisted on filming lawyers from this office attempting to visit our clients thereby preventing legally privileged conversations from taking place."
4. The injunction applies only to those individuals who occupied the lodge; it does not limit their freedom of speech in any way, nor does it affect any other students of our university.
This was a key contention in the latest letter that I refused to sign. The University are trying to cover up the fact that they took out an injunction that can be used against any student. It is very important that all students understand exactly how the injunction applies to them because it does mean that students not involved in the occupation may have the police called on them, and in fact this has already happened.
After the protest had ended the university chose to proceed to a full hearing to get the injuncton. On the morning of 25th November, Michael Green of Martineau Solicitors telephoned Tessa Gregory, a solicitor at Public Interest Lawyers representing the protestors. He called to state that university "intelligence" suggested that a further protest was planned at 9:30am that morning. He made it clear the university would seek to enforce the terms of the injunction and take action against any protestors who entered the campus. This position was echoed in the witness statement of Martin Edwards of Martineau Solicitors dated 25th November 2011. Mr Edwards states, in respect of a message posted on an internet site which called on protestors to gather on campus (without any indication it would be an occupation of buildings), that:
"I notified the police at 9:15am… and indicated to them that it would be breach of our Court order which prevents anyone named or otherwise from holding any occupational protest. The police called me back at 9:40 am to confirm they are attending the North gate and they will monitor the situation."
Many of these students did not participate in the northgate occupation and the university never even claimed they had, yet the university still decided that their coming onto campus to protest was in violation of the injunction which they believe applies to 'anyone named or otherwise' and called the police on them. So in fact, far from it applying to just a few students and stopping them from doing 'occupational protest', it applies to us all. I shall not be complicit in the Guild's misleading students to shield university management from criticism.
I hope this clarifies the misinformation on the injunction and why we all now need to unite and stand up to unprecedented attack on free speech on campus.
Letter from Mark Harrop and PVC Education to all students
Protest on Campus
We hope you enjoyed a good break over the festive period and we are happy to welcome you back to University.
We are writing to you to address any misunderstandings concerning the University's approach to student protests, to clarify the facts of the unlawful possession of a University property in late November and associated injunction, and highlight the joint protocol between the University and the Guild of Students that confirms the rights of students to protest.
We think it is important that you have the complete and clear facts.
The University and the Guild uphold the legal rights of individuals to protest peacefully. We are absolutely committed to these rights, and no actions we have taken, or will take, would infringe these in any way. The University also has an obligation to protect the safety and well-being of our students, staff and the wider community.
Just after midnight on Wednesday 23rd November around 25 protesters took unlawful possession of a small, listed residential bungalow on our campus. The small property is not designed to accommodate this number of people. We repeatedly asked the protestors to leave the property over the two days, on the grounds that their safety was at risk. Throughout this time the protestors had access to running water, food and legal advice.
The fire safety officer's professional opinion was that the occupation of a domestic building by around 25 people was clearly well in excess of that which would be expected for this type and design of building. There was no fire fighting equipment in the property, no emergency lighting and no fire doors. For these reasons, the safety of the protestors was at risk. We therefore notified the protestors in the building of the identified fire risk and again requested that they vacate the property before dark, with a deadline of 3pm. Again the protestors refused to leave.
Having taken legal advice, the University considered it had no option but to apply to the High Court, as a last resort, in order to obtain possession of the occupied building. The High Court judge awarded possession and an injunction preventing further occupation of University premises by these individual students for a period of 12 months, because of his concerns about the disregard of safety issues by the protestors. At approximately 8pm on the 26th November the Court's order was served and was effective immediately. The protestors chose to leave the property at approximately 9pm. The injunction applies only to those individuals who occupied the lodge; it does not limit their freedom of speech in any way, nor does it affect any other students of our university.
Guild of Student sabbatical officers were present throughout the event.
The University and the Guild of Students are currently working together to develop a protocol that will clearly articulate how the free expression of views by students within the law will be respected whilst not disrupting, or affecting the health and safety of the protestors, other students, the public and staff. The protocol will affirm our joint commitment to recognise and preserve the right of peaceful protest and freedom of speech within the University's Freedom of Speech Code of Practice.
We hope that this has reassured you of the University's approach but if you have any further queries please do contact us at pvceducation@contacts.bham.ac.uk and president@guild.bham.ac.uk.
Professor Karen O'Brien
Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Education
Mark Harrop
University of Birmingham Guild of Students
7 responses to "Injunction letter: Why I didn't sign – It is not the Guild's job to cover up for the university"
trhippy
This letter makes me so angry.
Jon A.
Shameful letter. Perceptive dissection by Edd.
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The Department of Homeland Security recently issued a report stating that 1,130,818 individuals became lawful permanent residents (i.e. "green card" holders) of the U.S. in 2009. 59% of those green card holders already resided in the U.S. when their green card was approved. Approximately 2/3's of the individuals received their green card through family (through either a U.S. citizen or green card holder). Of the 1,130,818 green card applicants, the majority were born in either China, Mexico or the Philippines.


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Democrats Boost Money, Rolls; McCain's U.S. Tour
March 31, 2008 • Any business before Congress on Monday is likely to be overshadowed by the presidential campaign. During the past few days, prominent Democrats have been calling for Hillary Clinton to get out of the race. The focus on the Democratic race is forcing Republican John McCain to fight for attention.
Embed <iframe src="https://www.npr.org/player/embed/89231806/89231766" width="100%" height="290" frameborder="0" scrolling="no" title="NPR embedded audio player">
Sizing Up the Running-Mate Race
March 10, 2008 • Republican Sen. John McCain's choice of a running mate is shaping up to be a significant issue for his presidential campaign. On the Democrats' side, is a ticket including both Sens. Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama likely?
Democrats' Race Heats Up; Nader Announces Bid
February 25, 2008 • The battle between Democratic presidential hopefuls Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama took a nasty turn over the weekend. On the Republican side, front-runner John McCain seems to have weathered media scrutiny over his relationship with a lobbyist. And Ralph Nader says he'll run for president again as an independent candidate.
Obama Meets with Former Rival Edwards
February 18, 2008 • Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama met with former rival John Edwards on Sunday as Obama and Hillary Clinton battle for Edwards' endorsement. As the long race for the nomination continues, talk about superdelegates dominates.
Lessons of Super Tuesday
February 6, 2008 • Sen. John McCain is calling himself the front-runner in the Republican race for president. McCain benefited from Rudy Giuliani's departure and subsequent endorsement. There is still no clear front-runner on the Democratic side.
Cokie Roberts: What We Learned Tuesday
Setting the Table for 'Super Tuesday'
February 4, 2008 • About 60 percent of the country's eligible voters will have the chance to participate Tuesday in a primary, caucus or convention. Will the results produce a clear front-runner from either party?
Presidential Race Turns to Florida
January 28, 2008 • While Sen. Barack Obama gets a big boost from South Carolina, Sen. Hillary Clinton stakes a claim in Florida, which at the moment offers Democrats no delegates. On the Republican side, however, Florida is very important indeed.
New Campaign Polls Show Big Changes
January 14, 2008 • Two new national polls show the Democratic and Republican presidential nominations are still in flux. GOP candidate John McCain pulls ahead, while on the Democratic side Hillary Clinton is well ahead of Barack Obama. Michigan's primary is Jan. 15.
Obama Leads; Clinton, Edwards Vow to Persevere
January 7, 2008 • With the New Hampshire primary a day away, Democratic presidential hopeful Barack Obama is edging out Hillary Clinton. His surprising victory deals a blow to the other leading candidates but they pledge to press onward. Clinton has the money to keep going.
Presidential Hopefuls Take Short Break for Holiday
December 24, 2007 • After the briefest of breaks for Christmas, most presidential hopefuls will resume campaigning this week. Voting takes place earlier than ever. Iowa's caucuses are Jan. 3, and New Hampshire's primaries are Jan. 8. New polls show the races for both parties too close to call.
Forecasting Difficult for Presidential Nominee
December 17, 2007 • With Iowa's caucuses and New Hampshire's primaries less than three weeks away, it is still too tough to call who will emerge as nominee for each party. John McCain could benefit from the Mike Huckabee-Mitt Romney fight. John Edwards may benefit from Hillary Clinton-Barack Obama fight.
Huckabee Gets Momentum; Oprah Helps Obama
December 10, 2007 • New polls have former Arkansas Gov. Mike Huckabee gaining ground among Republican presidential candidates; on the Democratic side, TV host Oprah Winfrey spent the weekend stumping for Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama. NPR News Analyst Cokie Roberts analyzes the presidential races.
Romney to Address Mormon Faith
December 3, 2007 • Republican presidential hopeful Mitt Romney is due to give a speech Thursday about his Mormon faith and the role it would play in his presidency. The speech from Romney, who could be the first Mormon president, draws comparisons to an address by John F. Kennedy about his Catholic faith.
Bush Due to Greet Gore, Election Update, Mideast
November 26, 2007 • President Bush is due to greet former Vice President Al Gore at a gathering of Nobel Prize winners honored at the White House. That get-together comes at a time when the competition to succeed President Bush is moving into high gear.
Congress Leaves Unfinished Business
November 19, 2007 • When Congress returns from a two-week Thanksgiving recess, lawmakers will face some legislative leftovers. Meanwhile, the presidential campaign is picking up steam in Iowa.


text:
Q: Find and Hide View from View Hierarchy I have a given view hierarchy as follows:
View F
  > View C
    > View D
      > View A
      > View P
    > View B

How could I able to hide View C?
I have came up with the following logic. However, I wonder whether or not it is right way of doing it?
func givenViews (view1 : UIView , view2: UIView)
{
    aViews = [UIView]()
    bViews = [UIView]()

   var aView = view1
   var bView = view2

   // first put all superviews into array
   while aView.superview != nil
   {
    aViews.append(aView)
    aView = aView.superview
   }

   while bView.superview != nil
   {
    bViews.append(bView)
    bView = bView.superview
   }

   // find the first common view which is C and hide it
   for a in aViews
   {
     for b in bViews
     {
       if a == b
       {
        a.hidden = true
        break
       }
     }
   }
}

A: You are trying to hide the first common ancestor if I understand your code correctly.
If so, then you can use isDescendant(of:) like so:
func givenViews(view1: UIView, view2: UIView) -> UIView? {
    if view2.isDescendant(of: view1) { return view1 }

    var aView: UIView? = view1
    while let testView = aView, !view2.isDescendant(of: testView) {
        aView = testView.superview
    }

    return aView
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Many dramas are preparing to air in mid-2017 But not all dramas have a positive response from the loyal viewers. Only a few dramas are able to attract the attention of the faithful viewers of K-drama. Here are 4 most anticipated dramas in mid-2017!
Since the announcement of the casts, the drama 'While You Were Sleeping' has been eagerly anticipated by the faithful viewers of the K-drama. This drama has a list of casts whose acting skill cannot be doubted anymore, such as Lee Jong Suk and Suzy. For the first time since she debuted, Suzy has also cut her hair short solely for the filming of this drama. Her fans are so enthusiastic to see Suzy's transformation. Many argue that Suzy looks younger and more beautiful with short hair. What's more interesting is the list of famous artist names that have been included in a cameo list like Kim So Hyun, Lee Sung Kyung, and Yoon Kyun Sang. What do you think? Will the audience's enthusiasm will stay the same when the drama is aired later?
The drama 'Hospital Ship' will be the first drama where Ha Ji Won, who has long been involved in acting, plays the character of a doctor. Ha Ji Won always plays a movie or action drama now her courage in taking on a new role attracts the attention of many viewers. Moreover, Ha Ji Won's hard work in studying medical world only for the sake of the filming is really admirable. CNBLUE's Kang Min Hyuk is also the idol that has been waited by the female audience. The drama is scheduled to air in September. Are you also waiting for this drama?
Thanks to the success of the drama 'Age of Youth', the author decided to make the 2nd season. 'Age of Youth 2' will be set one year after the last 'Age of Youth'. 'Age of Youth 2' attracts the public's attention because it will help the faithful viewers of 'Age of Youth' to remember and to relive the exciting feeling when they were watching the first season. They will feature the same casts and place in the second season as well. It is expected that this drama can be as successful as the first season. Do you think this hope can be achieved seeing the big enthusiasm from the viewers?
'Andante' will be the first drama where EXO Kai becomes the lead actor. Finally, EXO Kai who has been trying his luck in the acting world since last year can get a chance to become the main actor. Considering Kai is also one of the best-known idols and actors, it makes the viewers cannot wait to watch this drama. It is also proved by how 'Andante' has given the rights to broadcast the drama in almost every country in Asia and Europe.
Of the four dramas that soon will be aired, which one do you want to watch the most?


Competitive bidding lies at the heart of most procurement strategies. In the case of the public sector, it is foundational to public procurement regulations.
But there is a problem: in many industries, levels of competition are declining and IACCM's recent cross-jurisdictional study of government procurement found this to be a common theme across the public sector. Without sufficient competition, does the entire philosophy that underpins current bid and award processes need to be revisited?
There are many factors at play, but fundamentally it is clear that aggressive procurement strategies may yield short-term gain, but ultimately they undermine competition. Globalization created the illusion of endless choice and continuous price reduction. Buyers dispensed with supplier loyalty. They imposed lower prices and increased the levels of supplier risk Even when agreements were signed, the contract often imposed onerous price reviews and suppliers faced the constant threat of a new bidding round.
Risk transfer is another major issue, especially for the public sector. Once again, governments operate on the principle that they cannot accept 'sovereign risk' and therefore seek to impose heavy performance burdens onto their suppliers. In the days when most transactions were for relatively standard products, such risks were manageable. Today, many contracts are for complicated – often highly customized – products and services, where levels of uncertainty are far greater. An inflexible approach to procurement and subsequent contract management means that an increasing number of suppliers simply choose not to bid. Those who do engage face heightened possibilities that they will lose money and emerge with a damaged reputation. Ironically, the fault for failure is rarely clear-cut, so the risk terms that the contract sought to impose are rarely enforceable.
Ultimately, we need a fresh approach from both buyers and sellers. Organizations must work together to reduce the many costs associated with today's highly inefficient trading relationships. Procurement practices and Sales incentives require significant reform. Performance – and related data architectures – must shift focus to monitor and measure outputs and outcomes.


text:
Аркос-де-ла-Сьєрра () — муніципалітет в Іспанії, у складі автономної спільноти Кастилія-Ла-Манча, у провінції Куенка. Населення —  осіб (2010).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 130 км на схід від Мадрида, 30 км на північ від Куенки.

Демографія

Посилання

Примітки

Муніципалітети провінції Куенка


text:
Alternative/Indie, Rock, Pop USA www.whywithaquestionmark.com
Why? Berlin, Lido Mon 10/9/2018 20:00 Tickets Save Saved Loading
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Why? Simeon's Dilemma 3:33 31 ×
About Why?
Why? are an American alternative hip hop and indie rock band. The band was founded in 2004 by Cincinnati rapper and singer Yoni Wolf, who had been using Why? as his stage name since 1997 already. Apart from Wolf, who is the band's lead singer and multi-instrumentalist, the band consists of Doug McDiarmid, Matt Meldon and Josiah Wolf, who is Yoni Wolf's older brother.
The band has already released five studio albums, along with several extended plays, demo albums, and live albums, since their inception. Their debut album Elephant Eyelash (2005), came two years after Yoni Wolf's final release as the solo artist Why?. This album was followed by Alopecia (2008), Eskimo Snow (2009), Mumps, Etc. (2012), and Moh Lhean (2017).
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GoOut.net > Artists > Why?


An open source platform that supports industry and advancement through sharing ideas and experiences.
The top headlines from March 2019 from the Latin America Clean Energy sector.
Membership is for companies and individuals wanting to engage directly with our network. It is an annual subscription that allows an executive to access the network.
NuEnergy Gas is an Australian-listed, clean energy company focused on the development of Indonesian gas assets.
The world has a growing population, increasing from 7 billion to 9 billion people by mid-century, with a higher expectation and affordability for their quality of life. Of these 9 billion people, more than half will live in Asia.
While BD Globe Capital has been providing investment and smart capital solutions to the energy sector worldwide for years now, we have a particular focus at present on 'upstream Nigeria', no doubt having been of great interest to us for the last 7 years.
The Energy Council have partnered with Newsweek Vantage, the thought leadership arm of the Newsweek Media Group, to conduct a research survey on technological innovation shaping the oil and gas industry.
The timely emergence of digital technology enablers is creating new opportunities to amplify the impact of traditional domain expertise required to achieve greater operational agility and efficiency. Schlumberger has fully embraced digital enablement to drive its own transformation and recently launched the DELFI cognitive E&P environment.
Informed articles from the experts in the energy industry.
Meet the key speakers from events giving insight into challenges and opportunities with the energy industry.


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Set up in 1997, Parents Against Child Sexual Exploitation (Pace) is the only national charity working exclusively alongside parents and carers of children who are, or are at risk of being, sexually exploited (CSE) by perpetrators external to the family. Pace Parent Support Workers work with parents one-to-one, by telephone or face to face to provide: information, advice; guidance; emotional support; advocacy; support through investigations and court; and, opportunities to meet other affected parents. Pace also offers guidance and training to professionals on how child sexual exploitation affects the whole family. Parents come to Pace a result of referrals from the police, social services and other NGOs plus self-referrals.
> signpost to agencies in an area for local support.
Network days are designed to provide parents with a space to reflect and relax with other parents who understand what it is for a family to experience child sexual exploitation. Three are held a year âÂÂ?ÂÂ? currently in Leeds and Birmingham.


A Cure for ALS? I believe that the Pulse Method plus stem cell therapy may return some of Deanna's physical function. Allow me to explain. First off, I believe Deanna's borrelia infection is finally under control. (For those of you who haven't heard, read more here about Deanna's ALS and the connection with borrelia bacteria.) Onset of symptoms in 2007 were treated with the Deanna Protocol from 2009. Once we determined that she had a borrelia infection in 2015, we began a combined treatment with the CSP and antibiotics for approximately one year. There were intervening complications but approximately one year ago she was started on the Burasscano pulsed method (starting and stopping the antibiotics at regular intervals with periods on antibiotics followed by periods off).
Before I explain Deanna's reaction to the Pulse Method, I need to explain two terms: (1) Herxheimer reaction and (2) CD 57 test results. A Herxheimer reaction is a painful inflamatory reaction that occurs when borrelia bacteria is being killed off by antibiotics. Herxheimer reactions indicate that borrelia is dying. CD 57 test results show the number of natural killer cells in the body that are able to kill off infections. When CD 57 levels are normal, this is an indication that a an infection (in Deanna's case, a borrelia infection) is under control. Keep these terms in mind when reading my explanation below about Deannna's reaction to the pulsed method antibiotic treatment. Since beginning the pulsed method, Deanna has had a Herxheimer reaction approximately every 3 to 4 weeks. In the past two months, however, she has not had a Herxheimer reaction. Beyond this, her CD 57 has remained in the normal range for approximately the past year. Due to these factors, I now believe the bacteria in Deanna's body is under control. With the bacteria under control, I now believe it's time for stem cell treatment. With the bacteria under control, any new cells that are introduced/grown via stem cell therapy will be able to remain alive and function without becoming infected by borrelia.
Her functional deficit involves her shoulders, hands, voice, legs, feet and proprioception. I have strong reason to believe that her function will return in many areas after stem cell therapy…only because she was treated with the pulsed method to get rid of the bacteria (in conjunction with a program to replenish the good bacteria in the body too). Other patients who have received stem cell therapy without controlling infections first, have not been so lucky. For the past 10 years every ALS patient or neurodegenerative disease patient who has been treated with stem cells, around the world, has reported improvement, but then worsened as the disease continues to progress. Why?
Dr. Alfred Miller and I hypothesize that the stem cell therapy does not work with ALS patients because the borrelia bacteria in ALS patients attacks the new cells that are introduced via stem cell therapy. It makes sense, right? When a disease is spreading throughout a person's body and you introduce new/healthy cells, wouldn't the disease spread to those healthy cells too? We strongly believe this is the case and multiple physicians agree. If the medical community as a whole doesn't believe it, it's at least worth testing. But, nobody is testing it...nobody. Why?
The mainstream medical community hasn't even acknowledged the connection between bacteria and ALS yet (even though some individual physicians do). Thus, the idea of killing off borrelia bacteria before treating a person with stem cells is not on their radar. Unfortunately, ALS patients are suffering and dying while we wait for the medical community acknowledge this idea. Actually, right now, research institutions are running clinical trials for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. I strongly believe that these trials will fail because the neuroscientists do not accept the fact the idea borrelia bacteria may have to be suppressed before introducing healthy stem cells into the body. Once again, stem cell therapy will be deemed "ineffective," when in reality, it could be very effective. It just isn't being used in the correct context.
We now intend to start her on stem cells. .The source of these stem cells is at present unknown and being researched. Once the best option is determined we will post it on this web site and follow up with the result for Deanna.
As I've mentioned in other areas of this website and blog, Dr. Alan MacDonald has documented borrelia in Alzheimer Disease and nematodes and borrelia in MS at autopsy. Dr. Judith Miklossy has also independently documented borrelia in Alzheimer Disease at autopsy. According to Dr. Al Miller, every Parkinson's Disease patient that has taken the provocative antibiotics test has tested positive for borrelia. Dr. David Martz has also reversed his ALS with antibiotics. So we now have plenty of anecdotal proof from individual medical experts that neurodegenerative diseases can be caused by a borrelia infection and probably co-infections.
We must convince neuroscientists to begin research to determine a method to document the borrelia and co-infections in neurodegenerative diseases. Then, we may develop appropriate treatment for these infections. Once research focuses on controlling borrelia infections, research can then focus on restoring neurological function using a form of regenerative medicine such as stem cells. This could be our way to a cure and return to normalcy. Unfortunately, I doubt any research institutions will invest in this. How come?
Research on ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases isn't a money maker. Any research that doesn't result in the ability to sell/make money from a pharmaceutical drug is not a money maker. Therein lies the problem. Research institutions have to keep their doors open and pay salaries, and it takes money to do that. They don't waste money funding studies that result in zero or little return on investment. I understand that. It's basic economics...but should people be dying because their diseases aren't profitable? We have to do better. We need private funders who have a personal interest in curing these diseases.
If you'd like to donate to fund our research, click here. Unlike research institutions, our administrative costs are extremely low. If you donate to us, your money will go toward research when you donate. We don't have offices to pay for or regular salaries to pay. We're a primarily volunteer part-time staff. The only people we pay are one part time administrative assistant and the scientists doing our research in labs at University of South Florida.


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