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Kadaka nahi niklaya! Paharis eagerly await the Union government's decision on ST status – Poonch Today
Kadaka nahi niklaya! Paharis eagerly await the Union government's decision on ST status
POONCH: The winter session of the parliament was over the other day, and it has given some sort of stress to the people from the Pahari ethnic group because they were expecting a big decision from the government during the just concluding winter session.
Many leading fourth estate platforms predicted that Paharis would be granted ST status during the winter session, but they were wrong because the union government made no decision to grant ST status to the Pahari ethnic group during the winter session. Sources in the BJP camp told "POONCH TODAY" that ST status will be granted to the Pahari ethnic group very soon as the BJP is looking for an appropriate opportunity. The next budget session of the parliament is also a month away, so Paharis are expecting a positive decision in their favour. Meanwhile, a number of Pahari leaders have started joining the BJP, which is a clear indication that they are aware of the internal politics of the party. The joining of the BJP by those leaders who always considered it untouchable, is a clear indication that the union government will grant ST status to the Pahari ethnic group. All the legal formalities for granting Paharis their due status have been completed, and now the ball is in the court of the union government to give it a final nod. People expected a major decision in favour of Paharis during the last winter session of parliament, but nothing came in that direction, leaving many Pahari leaders dissatisfied, though they did not issue a statement against the government. It is worth noting that Paharis have been fighting for their ST status for over three decades, but no government has ever granted them ST status. It's only when the BJP came to power, their demand got the attention of the union government, and after a hectic struggle, there are clear indications that the BJP government at the centre will fulfil their long pending demand. By capturing Paharis, the BJP has made a significant move to gain control of many seats in Poonch and Rajouri districts, which have long been favourites of the Congress, NC, and PDP. If the BJP grants ST status to Paharis, then the saffron party is expected to write a new political history in these two border districts by winning more seats. BJP president Ravinder Raina has frequently stated in support of Paharis that "Kadaka niklega," but his statement is being questioned by many people in Poonch and Rajouri, who are now openly declaring that "Kadaka nahi niklaya" following the conclusion of the winter session of parliament. It would be interesting to see whether Paharis will get ST status during the next budget session or not?
I am trying my best to raise public issues before the government: Riyaaz Naaz
CMO office Poonch has become a fish market with NOs, blue eyed officials calling shots everywhere


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About the English Language
Where does the word baseball come from?
The earliest reference to baseball comes in a diary entry of a Surrey solicitor, William Bray.
Mr Bray refers to playing 'base-ball' with his friends.
British baseball?
The word baseball comes from England - the country that famously doesn't play the modern game of the same name.
But, as Scyld Berry points out, the bigger claim, that America's summer sport descends from the English game rounders, does not 'get to first base'.
Why did cricket not establish itself in America?
Another common misapprehension is that cricket was always unpopular in the USA. According to this view, Americans could never warm to a game played over five days and often ending in a draw.
But cricket 'was stronger in America than in Australia until the 1860s – stronger than anywhere else outside England'.
Baseball has grown into one of America's greatest cultural traditions. The 2016 season reached an 'epic conclusion' when the Chicago Cubs finally lifted 'the curse of the Billy Goat.'
More on the relationship between the rival summer games of 'two countries divided by a single language' here.
What is 'inside baseball'?
What is a curved ball?
English Language 100 FAQ Teaching Pack - only £1.99
advanced vocabulary baseball baseball vocabulary CEF English Language Level C1 sporting words Where does this word come from? world series
What is the origin of the word alphabet?
From the first two letters of the Greek alphabet - alpha and beta.
Top 10 most used verbs in English? What do they have in common?
What is a humble brag?
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Tag Archives: herbal ingredients
Adulteration of Botanical Ingredients
By Karen Everstine, Ph.D.
Botanical ingredients are important to the food and beverage industries as well as the dietary supplements industry. Botanicals are plants or specific plant parts (leaves, roots, bark, berries, etc.) that are used for particular properties. These properties can be therapeutic or related to color, flavor or other attributes. Botanicals include extracts such as Ginkgo biloba, saw palmetto, and elderberry as well as herbs and spices used in cooking, essential oils, pomegranate juice and extracts, and olive oil. There is a substantial overlap between botanical products used in the herb and supplement industries and those used in foods and beverages. Many "conventional" foods and beverages include botanical extracts or other ingredients to advertise a therapeutic effect.
In 2014, FDA issued a final guidance for industry related to labeling of liquid dietary supplements (vs. beverages). FDA noted, in their rationale for the guidance, two trends:
"First, we have seen an increase in the marketing of beverages as dietary supplements, in spite of the fact that the packaging and labeling of many liquid products represent the products as conventional foods. Products that are represented as conventional foods do not meet the statutory definition of a dietary supplement…and must meet the regulatory requirements that apply to conventional foods.
Second, FDA has seen a growth in the marketplace of beverages and other conventional foods that contain novel ingredients, such as added botanical ingredients or their extracts. Some of these ingredients have not previously been used in conventional foods and may be unapproved food additives. In addition, ingredients that have been present in the food supply for many years are now being added to beverages and other conventional foods at levels in excess of their traditional use levels or in new beverages or other conventional foods. This trend raises questions regarding whether these ingredients are unapproved food additives when used at higher levels or under other new conditions of use. Some foods with novel ingredients also bear claims that misbrand the product or otherwise violate the FFDCA."
The American Botanical Council (ABC) has been publishing information on the safe, responsible and effective use of botanicals since 1988, including the quarterly journal HerbalGram and a book of herb monographs The ABC Clinical Guide to Herbs. In order to help combat the increasing problem of adulteration in the industry, the Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program (BAPP) was launched in 2010 by ABC along with the American Herbal Pharmacopeia and the University of Mississippi National Center for Natural Products Research. The goal of BAPP is to educate members of the herbal and dietary supplement industry about ingredient and product adulteration through the publication of documents such as adulteration bulletins and laboratory guidance documents. The information in these documents helps ensure the identity, authenticity and safety of botanicals along the supply chain.
Karen Everstine will be discussing food fraud during the 2020 Food Safety Consortium Virtual Conference Series | An example of the Botanical Adulterants Prevention Bulletin for cranberry is seen in Figure 1. It includes a description of the species that can be labeled as cranberry in the United States, a brief description of the marketplace, information on potential adulterants in cranberry fruit extract and other cranberry products, and guidance on analytical methods to test cranberry products for adulteration.
Figure 1 courtesy of Decernis and the Botanical Adulterants Bulletin.
Decernis has been working with the Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program (BAPP) to integrate links to their expert content into the Food Fraud Database (FFD). This will ensure our users can better develop ingredient specifications, manage risk, and protect their consumers by leveraging this content for food fraud and herbal ingredient fraud prevention. We are currently incorporating three types of BAPP documents into FFD:
Adulterants Bulletins. Information and links to these documents will be entered as Inference records in FFD. We are extracting ingredient and adulterant names (including Latin names as synonyms) from the document, assigning "Reasons for Adulteration," and providing a link to the full document on the BAPP website.
Adulteration Reports. Information and links to these documents will also be entered as Inference records in FFD. We are extracting ingredient and adulterant names from the document, assigning "Reasons for Adulteration," and providing a link to the full document on the BAPP website.
Laboratory Guidance documents. Information and links to these documents will be entered as both method record and inference records in FFD. We are extracting ingredient and adulterant names from the document, assigning "Reasons for Adulteration," and providing a link to the full document on the BAPP website.
Decernis analysts are currently integrating this content into FFD, which will be uploaded to the system between now and early September.


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Academy chain under fire following revelation of payments made to bosses
Posted on 22 July 2013 by Sara
Copied from the Guardian
The country's largest taxpayer-funded academy chain, which was recently criticised for its poor performance in managing schools, has paid nearly £500,000 into the private business interests of its trustees and executives.
An investigation by the Observer has uncovered a series of payments over the past three years to companies in which those running the Academy Enterprise Trust (AET), a registered charity, have a beneficial interest. The payments were for services ranging from "project management" to "HR consultancy", according to the academy chain's company accounts. AET, which is based in Essex, has not provided further details. In all the cases the services had not been put out to competitive tender.
Ian Comfort, who has been company secretary since April 2012, was paid £232,960 in addition to his undisclosed salary for project management services that year.
A series of payments to AET's trustees have also been revealed. Such payments, while legal, are described as "not normal practice" in a document published by the regulator of academies this month, and drawn up following consultation with the Charity Commission.
The commission's guidance stipulates that "unpaid trusteeship has been one of the defining characteristics of the charitable sector, contributing greatly to public confidence in charities". Yet Foster Project and Leadership Development, which is owned by Ian Foster, a trustee and chairman of AET, received payments of £70,478 in 2012, £41,693 in 2011 and £59,773 in 2010.
In the year ending August 2010, a company called Frank Butler Human Resources, owned by another trustee, received £21,408. And trustee Steve Leverett received £12,504 in 2011 and £36,878 in 2010, in relation to his role in checking the accounts, a position trustees were explicitly encouraged to take.
In accounts for the year ending August 2009, AET also records "two trustees and one governor" receiving unspecified payments for "consultancy services".
The chain, which was formed in 2008, also encourages its academies to use recruitment firm Synarbor when hiring teachers. David Triggs, who was paid £214,535 in 2012 to be chief executive of AET, was also a director of Synarbor until April this year. A spokesman said that Triggs was paid a fee for his work at Synarbor but that it was used "to support children and young people in our academies". The spokesman did not respond to inquiries about whether Triggs had any current or past shareholdings in the firm, but denied that Triggs had made any personal gain.
The array of payments was made despite AET's most recent accounts stating that it had a "serious" budget deficit, although one that is not an "immediate threat" to its viability. AET will be running 80 schools by September, the largest number of any academy chain.
Liberal Democrat MP John Pugh said: "We have had enough of overleveraged, overstretched and overpaid organisations in the financial world. To bring them into the world of state education is reckless stupidity."
His party colleague Paul Holmes, a former teacher, added: "If you set up academies to be freestanding, very much along the lines of private business, you shouldn't be surprised when they behave like private businesses."
AET, which says its finances are sound, was criticised by education secretary Michael Gove this month after one of its schools was placed in special measures, having dropped from a "good" Ofsted rating since becoming an academy. Gove told the House of Commons that AET had "not done everything they promised", and added: "We have taken steps to deal with that."
In a statement, the DfE said it was concerned about AET's performance. "DfE representatives have visited AET academies that are not making the necessary improvements," it said.
In March, the department said it was barring AET from taking over more schools because of concerns that its rapid expansion was hitting standards.
But a spokesman for the trust said that was incorrect, and insisted that the decision to pause the chain's expansion plans had been a mutual one made by the department and AET.
AET cited a confidential and publicly unavailable report from the DfE's Education Funding Agency (EFA), the regulator for academies, which it said stated that "generally the opinion was [from its academies] that AET provided better services than the predecessor local authorities". AET would not provide a copy of the report.
The revelation of the payments made by AET to its executives and trustees will inevitably cause concern, coming as it does in the wake of a separate scandal this spring surrounding another academy chain, E-Act.
E-Act was censured in an official government report for endorsing extravagant expenses claims, first-class rail travel and "a culture of prestige venues" for its meetings.
The chain, which runs 35 of the government's flagship schools, was found by the EFA to have spent hundreds of thousands of pounds of taxpayers' money on "procedural irregularities" – including unapproved consultancy fees. This prompted a series of resignations within the highest echelons of the academy chain.
A spokesman for AET, which last week hired a public relations firm, said that there was evidence that the academy chain was among the better performers in the sector. He said that while services provided by trustees and staff had not been put out to competitive tender, AET had followed all the correct procedures.
The spokesman also denied that AET had overstretched itself. He said: "The expansion of AET was at the request of the current secretary of state and his ministers. In June 2012, prior to any examination results, we came to a mutual agreement with the department to pause and consolidate."
The Anti Academies Alliance produced a Spotlight on Sponsors article on AET last year – click here to read it
Strike hit academy trust paid out to founder by Dave 8 December 2015 An US company founded by the chairman of a London-based…
Griffin Schools Trust pays £800,000 to its executives as consultants by Sarah 24 October 2015 The Griffin Schools Trust, whose accounts show that it breached…
The academies couple who contribute – and take out – a lot. Warwick Mansell by Sara 7 April 2015 A married couple holding senior positions in an academy chain…
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And the numbers do not simply say people are staying single longer earlier than settling down. And if you're not crying wolf over each little factor he does, then your relationship needs to be fairly strong and drama-free. I haven't got Relationship Status on my social community page except for a short time when my divorce was final.
Some folks select to stay single because they want to deal with their future, perhaps acquiring a level and turning into a profitable profession oriented particular person. I've found that the rise of single dwelling is a boon to our cities and cities and communities, our kin and pals and neighbors.


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Brandeis University Temporarily Shut Down Over Email Threat
Officials haven't yet described the nature of the emails.
By Lily Herman
DenisTangneyJr
Brandeis University in Massachusetts shut down on Wednesday after receiving email threats earlier in the day. According to WHDH, law enforcement officials are on the scene investigating the incident.
While local news outlets are reporting that the messages contained bomb threats, university spokesperson Jarret Bencks didn't publicly specify the contents of the emails, but said the administration felt it was serious enough to warrant action. "In light of emailed threats received this morning and with an abundance of caution, we have determined to close the Brandeis campus to all faculty and non-essential personnel until public safety personnel can assure our community that there is no longer a threat," he wrote in a statement. "Residential students currently on campus will be relocated temporarily to the playing fields." The threats also come less than a week before first-year students are scheduled to arrive on campus for orientation.
https://twitter.com/BrandeisU/status/900362530564034560
Brandeis was founded in 1948 and named after Louis Brandeis, the first Jewish justice of the U.S. Supreme Court. The college was initially created by the Jewish community, which has historically faced discrimination in higher education, and Hillel International reported in 2015 that almost half of the Brandeis student body is Jewish.
The Waltham Public Library, which is located in the same town as Brandeis, received emailed bomb threats the day before the college did, and several schools in the area also had similar threats last month. Police haven't mentioned if the incidents are related.
Related: These Mannequins Appear to Give a NAZI Salute, and People Are Pissed
Keywordsbrandeis universityemailthreat college
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Nintendo knocked E3 2019 out of the park
Written by Nick Geracie
With Sony absent, and Microsoft's next step in the Xbox lineage, Project Scarlett, announcing only two exclusives in a pre-convention press conference, E3 was wide open for Nintendo to steal the spotlight. Here are the highlights of Nintendo's smashing success at E3 2019.
The Legend of Zelda Triple Threat
Nintendo announced not one, not two, but THREE new games in the Legend of Zelda franchise at E3. In the final moments of the Nintendo E3 press conference preceding the expo, Nintendo announced that The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild would be getting a sequel.
The currently unnamed sequel, dubbed temporarily by fans as BotW2, shows Link and Zelda discovering an aura of darkness that looks to be emitting itself from an undead creature that resembles Ganon. Zelda's proficiency in adventuring and combat has a large portion of the fanbase thinking that she may be a playable character in exchange for Link for the first time in the series' history.
This will be the first sequel of a major Zelda title since The Legend of Zelda: Majora's Mask built on the canon of The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time nearly two decades ago. Fans have already drawn comparison in darkness between BotW2 and Majora's Mask, but The Legend of Zelda series producer Eiji Aonuma told IGN the open-world sequel is 'a little darker' than Majora's Mask. The release date for the sequel to Breath of the Wild is currently unknown.
▲ Image Source: Nintendo
Link's Awakening, released in 1993, was the first handheld title in the Zelda franchise. At E3 2019, Nintendo announced the title would be remade with a full visual update for the Nintendo Switch.
The game's original elements and top-down gameplay will remain Nintendo sported live gameplay demos of the remake at E3 2019, with lines to give the facelifted title a try with waits up to four hours. Link's Awakening will be available exclusively on the Nintendo Switch September 20, 2019.
Cadence of Hyrule: Crypt of the NecroDancer was announced and released on June 13th, 2019 on the final day of E3. The game, which was available to demo post-release, combines traditional Zelda mechanics with roguelike-style gameplay elements. While Nintendo published the game outside of Japan, Cadence of Hyrule is technically the first true Zelda spinoff. The rhythm-based game, developed by Brace Yourself Games, features a plethora of audible melodies from the Zelda mythos.
While the game may initiall look like a Zelda-themed NecroDancer re-skin, the roguelike elements ambitiously craft a unique experience that retains the magic of the Zelda series in an entirely new context. For those who aren't much for the rhythm-based aspects of the game, there is an option that only allows enemies to move when you move so you can move through the game similar to other classic Zelda titles.
Luigi's Mansion 3
After a nearly two hour line, Bellhops dressed in pink greet you and lead you through a dark, spooky corridor. Creepy music and ghoulish cackles swirl around you as you step into a massive hall, adorned with mystical cauldrons, gargoyles, and an onimous foyer. Ghosts creep the walls as you are led to your station to get your hands on the most recent iteration of Nintendo's spookiest creation. Welcome to Luigi's Mansion 3.
Luigi's Mansion 3 take most of its core aspects from the original Nintendo Gamecube launch title, while also borrowing some elements from Luigi's Mansion 2. A ghostly four-legged companion named Polterpup shows you the ropes of the game and acts as a confidant, occasionally passing on information regarding new encounters. The star of the show, of course, is Googi.
Luigi's green, slimy doppleganger can be summoned as a second body of sorts. Luigi can transfer his consciousness into Gooigi to get through dangerous terrain, such as spikes that would turn Luigi's mortal coil into a pincushion. In addition, Luigi can swap his consciousness in and out of Gooigi while retaining actions, allowing him to utilize both vessels — and vacuums — simultaneously to prevail in situations requiring a helping hand.
Luigi's Mansion 3 will be available in October 2019, hopefully in time for Halloween.
Animal Crossing: New Horizons
Nintendo confirmed that Animal Crossing would be coming to the Switch in 2019. At E3 2019, Animal Crossing: New Horizons was revealed.
The game has been delayed until 2020, but after the community response to Pokemon: Sword & Shield nixing the National Dex, allowing a game to be fully ready may be the best call.
Staying true to the name, previous villages from other Animal Crossing games will not be part of New Horizons. Staying true to the name, only Tom Nook will be returning along with the primary game elements that made Animal Crossing a generational hit.
New elements and features include four-player, same-console co-op, as well as accurate seasonal changes for the southern hemisphere to properly emulate climate variance. Rivers can now be pole-vaulted, and each player's life goals and accompishments can be kept track of in their Nookphone, which includes a camera, apps, and a tracking system not unlike AIRMILES. Up to eight players can share an island on Animal Crossing: New Horizons for more interaction than ever before.
Fighter Pass brings new (old) friends to SSBU
Holders of the Super Smash Bros. Ultimate Fighter Pass were treated to a sneak peak of the next two DLC characters in Nintendo's flagship fighting game. Dragon Quest XI's Hero and Rare Mascot Banjo Kazooie will be joining Persona 5's Joker as Fighter Pass DLC characters.
Dragon Quest XI's Hero will feature Hero models from other Dragon Quest titles in the form of various skins, similar to Link's Dark Link skin variant. Banjo-Kazooie's participation in Smash Ultimate will be the Bear and Bird duo's first Nintendo appearence since the eponymous game's sequel Banjo-Tooie, which was released for the Nintendo 64 in 2000.
While not much is known about the two characters' movesets or specifics, the eclectic group of Fighter Pass DLC characters gives fans from multiple backgrounds something to be excited about. The only thing more anticipated than further information on the new smashers is what two characters will round out the final spots of the Fighter Pass DLC.
What was your favorite aspect of Nintendo's E3 2019? Let us know in the comments!
COLUMN ESPORTS NINTENDO SWITCH ANIMAL CROSSING 2019 ANIMAL CROSSING SWITCH ANIMAL CROSSING: NEW HORIZONS BANJO KAZOOIE BOTW2 BREATH OF THE WILD BREATH OF THE WILD SEQUEL CADENCE OF HYRULE CADENCE OF HYRULE: CRYPT OF THE NECRODANCER DRAGON QUEST DRAGON QUEST HERO E3 E3 2019 GOOIGI LINK&039;S AWAKENING LINK&039;S AWAKENING REMAKE LUIGI&039;S MANSION LUIGI&039;S MANSION 3 NECRODANCER NINTENDO NINTENDO SWITCH SUPER SMASH BROS. ULTIMATE THE LEGEND OF ZELDA Super Smash Bros. Ultimate
Nick Geracie
Email : nickgeracie@invenglobal.com


The new WLTP regulations will apply to all new vehicles from 1 September 2018. And while dealers saw a spike in new car sales ahead of a new VED regime in March 2017, experts at cap hpi say it is unlikely to happen ahead of September.
The EU legislation aims to provide customers with a more detailed view of how a vehicle performs concerning mpg and CO2. The previous NEDC test cycle does not take optional equipment into account and doesn't offer an accurate representation of driving styles which affect the emissions produced by a vehicle.
The new Worldwide Harmonised Light Vehicle Test Procedure (WLTP) takes options into account on a vehicle as it's acknowledged certain items will affect the aerodynamics, weight and rolling resistance.
Customers of cap hpi will be able to see under which test the vehicle derivative has passed. The new data solution is future-proofed by naming the test cycle being used by each derivative. It is likely that further changes to emissions measurement will appear in the coming years.
Beth Davies, product manager at cap hpi, said: "We have already enhanced our existing New Vehicle Data files and will be identifying test cycle data and MPGs as they become available from manufacturers.


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Army Kidnaps 16 Palestinians In West Bank
Wednesday at dawn, April 3, 2013, Israeli soldiers invaded several areas in the occupied West Bank districts of Hebron, Bethlehem and occupied East Jerusalem, and kidnapped 16 Palestinians after breaking into their homes, and searching them.Local sources in Hebron, in the southern part of the West Bank, reported that the army kidnapped Thabit Ayyash Zyadat, 20, after breaking into and searching his home in Bani Neim town, near Hebron.
Soldiers also invaded the nearby town of Halhoul, kidnapped Ezeddeen Abu Rayyan, 21, and took him to an unknown destination.
Furthermore, the soldiers invaded the center of the West Bank city of Bethlehem, and kidnapped Anas Suleiman, 18, and also invaded the Duheisha refugee camp and kidnapped Mahmoud Da'amsa, 16, in addition to kidnapping Omar Abu Ajamiyya, 16, from Doha town.
In Jerusalem, the army kidnapped one resident identified as Yousef Mkheimar, a local religious official, and kidnapped 10 more Palestinians, during a nonviolent protest held in Bab Al-Amoud area.
The kidnapped Palestinians have been identified as An'aam Quiambao, Nasser Qous (head of the Jerusalem Branch of the Palestinian Prisoners Society (PPS), Wa'ad Qannam, Lafi Rammouni, Imad Al-Husseini, Zakariyya Hijazi, Fuad Obeid (medic), Maled Khader Ad-Dibis, Ahmad Ja'ba, and Mohammad Gheith. They were all beaten by the arresting officers.
Clashes took place in Hebron, Bethlehem and different parts of the occupied West Bank following the death of detainee Maisara Abu Hamdiyya, 64, who died of an advanced stage of cancer due to the lack of adequate medical attention in Israeli prisons.
Mohammad Ayyad, spokesperson of the Popular Committee in Beit Ummar, reported that the clashes are still ongoing, and that dozens of residents have been treated for the effects of teargas inhalation, while two Palestinians were shot by rubber-coated metal bullets fired by the army.
More clashes are expected to take place on Thursday in Hebron, in addition to different parts of the West Bank, as the funeral of Abu Hamdiyya, 64, will be taking place in his hometown.
At least 50 Palestinians have been injured in Hebron during clashes that started on Tuesday following the death of Abu Hamdiyya. At least 10 were injured by rubber-coated metal bullets, while the rest suffered the effects of teargas inhalation.
The body of Abu Hamdiyya was moved to the Abu Kabeer Israeli Forensic Center, before it was moved to a Palestinian center in Abu Dis, east of occupied Jerusalem.
The health condition of Abu Hamdiyya has been rapidly deteriorating, especially over the last two months, after he was diagnosed with an advanced stage of throat cancer.
The death of Abu Hamdiyya brings the number of detainees who died in Israeli prisons following the 1967 six-day war, to 207.
Abu Hamdiyya was born in 1948 in Hebron city, in the southern part of the occupied West Bank. He is a retired lieutenant and a holder of a B.A. Degree in Electronics. He was kidnaped by the Israeli army on May 28 2002, and was sentenced to a life term.
He was repeatedly arrested and imprisoned starting in 1969, and lived in Jordan, Syria, Lebanon and Kuwait between the years of 1970 and 1975. In 1970, as he was studying in Cairo, he joined Fateh movement currently headed by President Mahmoud Abbas.
In 1976, he was imprisoned under Administrative Detention orders without charges and remained in prison until 1978 before he was illegally exiled to Jordan.
Israel refused to allow him into occupied Palestine following the Oslo agreement in 1993, and was only allowed into the country in 1998 following pressure practiced by late President, Yasser Arafat.
He then joined the Palestinian Preventative Security until he was kidnaped on May 28 2002, and faced numerous charges; some even date back to 1991 before the Oslo agreement was signed between Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO).
On June 2 2005, he was sentenced by an Israeli court to 25 years, but on April 22 2007, the Israeli Military Prosecution appealed the court ruling and the court sentenced him this time to 99 years imprisonment.
Two Injured In Renewed Clashes In Hebron
Two Palestinians Killed, Three Injured Near Tulkarem


This ranch house sits waterfront on Salt Pond located on Great Island. The property is completely remodeled, bright, clean, private, and features a large yard with an extra large dock. There is access to one side of the dock, and the water is two feet deep at low tide.


Technology Metals Australia Ltd (ASX:TMT) (FRA:TN6) is tracking towards producing a definitive feasibility study (DFS) for its flagship Gabanintha Vanadium Project in Western Australia by mid-year after receiving all results from a 45-hole drilling program.
Technology Metals Australia Ltd (ASX:TMT) executive director Ian Prentice spoke to the Proactive Investors Stocktube video channel in an interview aired this week, saying "we've hit the ground running with 2019.
"We've reported … our diamond drill results from the Northern Block of tenements and, as expected, it's really confirmed the continuity of mineralisation.
"Some really good widths and grades coming out of that zone and from the resource upgrade potential.
The company is working on a resource upgrade for Gabanintha, as it targets mid-year delivery of its funded DFS.
Gabanintha's global resource consists of 98.4 million tonnes at 0.8% vanadium in the Northern Block and 21.5 million tonnes at 0.9% vanadium in the Southern Tenement.
Prentice said, "All this drilling is now going to be incorporated into our resource upgrade.
"We're also going to be putting out our first base metals resource following the test work we did and talked about back in December.
The company is preparing another batch of test work for market participants, including potential offtake partners and trading groups, after refinement work on a sub-sample delivered a vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) product with a purity of more than 99.7%.
The V2O5 product came from an ammonium metavanadate precipitate that recovered more than 98% of vanadium from a leach solution.
Prentice noted this week, "The high purity that we're getting, we've talked about over 99.999% purity of V2O5, (is) very, very high purity from that product and (end users) want to see that for themselves, do their own test work on it.
Technology Metals believes the five-nines quality and high purity of its results further confirm the suitability of Gabanintha vanadium product for the speciality chemical, battery and aeronautical industries.
In the company's December quarter report, the chairman wrote: "The definitive feasibility study on the large long-life, low-cost Gabanintha Vanadium Project is progressing extremely well with delivery of very compelling metallurgical results, both vanadium product purity and base metal concentrate, confirming the very high quality of this world-class development project.
In the report, the company noted vanadium prices had stabilised at US$16-17 a pound after a seasonal decline from highs of US$30 a pound, driven by tight supply and demand growth from China's new Rebar standards.
Technology Metals released results from the third and last batch of assays from Gabinintha last Wednesday.
Technology Metals' goal with drilling was to infill and extend the Northern Block resource and its estimate in the North and Central pit areas.
Highlights from third batch results included 16.5 metres grading 1.0% vanadium oxide from 166 metres, 14 metres grading 1.21% vanadium oxide from 156 metres and 15.5 metres grading 1.22% vanadium oxide from 16 metres.
It extended the mineralisation more than 300 metres south of the Gabinintha Central Pit resource and at vertical depths of up to 190 metres.
The high-grade basal massive magnetite mineralisation is open along the full strike length of North Pit and Central Pit.
The first two batches were reported on in November and December.
Highlights from the first batch of drilling included depth extension intersections of 25-50 metres down dip from 14 metres at 1.17% vanadium and more than 300-metre strike extensions from 16 metres at 1.26% vanadium.
Mineralisation had been found in every Southern Tenement hole.
In December, highlights from the second batch of results included A Central Pit extension RC hole returned a 61-metre intersection from 140 metres at 0.84% vanadium pentoxide, including 13 metres at 1.18% from 148 metres and 17 metres at 1.02% from 176 metres.
An initial depth extension diamond hole in the North Pit returned 13 metres at 1.13% V2O5 from 144 metres.
Another aim of drilling was to provide geotechnical data, in particular for the footwall portions of the designed open pits designed in the pre-feasibility study (PFS), to allow steepening of the designed open pit walls to decrease the project's overall strip ratio.
Technology Metals released its PFS for Gabanintha project in June, valuing the project at $1.28 billion at a net present value (NPV) calculated at a 10% discount.
The internal rate of return was 55% while the mine life was estimated at 13-years, with a 3.4-year payback.
Prentice spoke to Stocktube at the time about the milestone achievement.
He said, "A lot of engineering and a lot of detailed metallurgical work has gone into the study, and it's delivered a very technically-strong, financially-robust project."
He noted the study was based on about 21 million tonnes of the company's 120 million tonne resource.
Technology Metals' latest exploration efforts and DFS has been funded by a $6 million placement to sophisticated and strategic investors completed in October.
Twelve million new shares had been added to those on issue, to put 70.1 million shares in circulation by October 5.
An earlier oversubscribed placement to institutions and strategic high-net-worth individuals had been completed in March and raised $3 million.
Technology Metals was admitted to the Australian Securities' Exchange in December 2016 and joined the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in May 2017.
Technology Metals used $4.4 million on operating activities in the December quarter, including $4.3 million for exploration and evaluation.
The company had $5.6 million net cash from financing activities to end the period with $3 million and no debt.
Technology Metals is expecting $2.9 million of cash outflows in the March quarter as it updates its resource statement and works on its DFS.
The company's top 20 shareholders had 47.4% of the company on January 30.


text:
Is the MMA Stealing Boxing's Thunder?
Source: evolve-vacation.com
Michael Schebel, Special Assignment Reporter
When most people think of boxing, they think of punches, knockouts and championship belts. It has been a sport that people have loved for over a century. However, the word "corruption" does not usually come to mind when thinking of boxing nowadays.
Boxing is different than other team sports in terms of how the athletes get paid. In a team sport, players usually sign a contract for a certain number of years and get paid according to their contract. Fighters do not sign long contracts, they work on a fight-to-fight basis.
The thing about boxing is that these professional boxers usually won't fight for a small purse. They usually will step into the ring for big matches with large sums of money on the line.
Over the years, boxing has seen many great champions such as Muhammed Ali, Rocky Marciano, George Foreman and Mike Tyson. They were household names and it was a big deal when these athletes would square off against any opponent. In recent years, boxing has faded from the center spotlight and other sports have taken more of the focus.
Corruption in boxing raises questions such as how the factor of potential corruption affects the sport and if it lowers its value from an entertainment standpoint.
Junior Jaylen Samuel says boxing is not corrupt but has just simply lost popularity.
"Boxing is not talked about as much as it used to be," Samuel said. "Some people do not even consider boxing a sport even though it clearly is."
If the fall of boxing is not due to it being a totally corrupt sport, it might have something to do with the rise of other fighting sports. Senior Ka'Sean Watlington said he beileves that Ultimate Fighting is a large reason.
"I think boxing takes a backseat to MMA and the UFC nowadays," he said. "I believe people find it much more exciting than boxing because it is so new."
While boxing might not be in the spotlight, it still has a large fanbase. The fighters might make big money to fight but at the end of the day it is also a business. Any signs of corruption from the outside would cause the sport to lose fans and that is something that promoters do not want.
Senior Christian Englund believes the lower levels of competition are the ones being overlooked.
"There is definitely more that goes on behind the scenes than we know, especially at the lower levels," he said. "Throwing matches is something that I feel still goes on in some places in the boxing world."
President Casamento Guest Column: Forget the rumors - liberal arts are here to stay
Keeping the Momentum: Men's Basketball continues win streak
Mickale Thompson, Features Editor • December 12, 2022
Bull Hall fundraising for renovations underway
All The Tangerine Picks Reader Picks Sort: Newest


Designed to celebrate all types of cycling with road rides, mountain bike rides, factory demo bikes, clinics and seminars. Manufacturers with bikes to test ride (bring your license, a credit card and helmet to test-ride a demo bike), Bike Shops, Bike Clubs, Charity Tours and other bike related booths will have reps on site.
The RBC needs volunteers to man a table to distribute club information and answer questions. If you'd like to help out contact Paul Knerr.


text:
Q: Why is /etc/mysql/my.cnf showing permission denied I am trying to edit the my.cnf file to allow remote access and ultimately using software from my Windows Server to configure scheduled backup for MySQL Server. So I am using /etc/mysql/my.cnf command, it returns with permission denied. Can you tell me why?

A: You are getting this error:
bash: /etc/mysql/my.cnf: Permission denied

because you don't have permissions to edit this file which is a symbolic link to /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback. Editing symbolic links is not permitted, so you need to edit /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback instead in nano text editor using this command:
sudoedit /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback

Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+O and after that press Enter to save the changes in /etc/mysql/my.cnf.fallback. Press the keyboard combination Ctrl+X to exit nano.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Genome-wide comparative analysis reveals human-mouse regulatory landscape and evolution
Olgert Denas1,
Richard Sandstrom4,
Yong Cheng3,
Kathryn Beal7,
Javier Herrero5,
Ross C Hardison6 &
James Taylor1,2
BMC Genomics volume 16, Article number: 87 (2015) Cite this article
Because species-specific gene expression is driven by species-specific regulation, understanding the relationship between sequence and function of the regulatory regions in different species will help elucidate how differences among species arise. Despite active experimental and computational research, relationships among sequence, conservation, and function are still poorly understood.
We compared transcription factor occupied segments (TFos) for 116 human and 35 mouse TFs in 546 human and 125 mouse cell types and tissues from the Human and the Mouse ENCODE projects. We based the map between human and mouse TFos on a one-to-one nucleotide cross-species mapper, bnMapper, that utilizes whole genome alignments (WGA).
Our analysis shows that TFos are under evolutionary constraint, but a substantial portion (25.1% of mouse and 25.85% of human on average) of the TFos does not have a homologous sequence on the other species; this portion varies among cell types and TFs. Furthermore, 47.67% and 57.01% of the homologous TFos sequence shows binding activity on the other species for human and mouse respectively. However, 79.87% and 69.22% is repurposed such that it binds the same TF in different cells or different TFs in the same cells. Remarkably, within the set of repurposed TFos, the corresponding genome regions in the other species are preferred locations of novel TFos. These events suggest exaptation of some functional regulatory sequences into new function.
Despite TFos repurposing, we did not find substantial changes in their predicted target genes, suggesting that CRMs buffer evolutionary events allowing little or no change in the TFos – target gene associations. Thus, the small portion of TFos with strictly conserved occupancy underestimates the degree of conservation of regulatory interactions.
We mapped regulatory sequences from an extensive number of TFs and cell types between human and mouse using WGA. A comparative analysis of this correspondence unveiled the extent of the shared regulatory sequence across TFs and cell types under study. Importantly, a large part of the shared regulatory sequence is repurposed on the other species. This sequence, fueled by turnover events, provides a strong case for exaptation in regulatory elements.
Most eukaryotic gene regulation occurs at the level of transcription [1,2]. This form of regulation involves the interaction of transcription factors (TFs) with element and function specific DNA sequences, referred to as cis-regulatory modules (CRMs; reviewed by [3]). Their modular organization allows for elaborate regulatory mechanisms and fine control of gene expression [4].
Evolutionary changes in CRMs have a profound effect on species divergence. Many studies suggest that species specific CRMs are the defining factor for species identity [5-7]. Differences in human and chimpanzee, for example, are almost completely due to changes in functional noncoding sequence [8]. Efforts to locate the "human gene" have only revealed differences in a small number of genes [9-11]. Moreover, comparisons of organisms at the extremes of eukaryotes show that the genes encoding TFs and signaling components (e.g. for temporal/spatial gene expression patterns) are largely conserved [4]. Taken together, this evidence suggests a hierarchical organization of regulatory networks. Modules at the top, performing essential upstream functions, span large evolutionary distances virtually unchanged, while lower level modules, involved in peripheral sub-networks, show a higher level of adaptation [12]. Under this model, part of the regulatory material must be under purifying selection and thus conserved between any two species of sufficiently small evolutionary divergence.
Evidence of conservation of regulatory sequence among species has inspired a series of computational methods. Some of these methods use machine learning and phylogenetic profiling to discover CRMs (reviewed by [13]), others use comparative analysis to identify genomic material under purifying evolutionary constraint as a representative of the functional genome (reviewed by [14]).
At the same time, a number of experimental studies suggest that while sequence might encode enough information to drive TF binding [15], the way this information is encoded is not trivial – similar sequence does not necessarily translate in similar function and vice versa. For example, regulatory elements have been found to tolerate sequence rearrangements [16] or even be under positive selection while maintaining the downstream regulatory machinery unchanged [17,18]. Recently, it was found that GATA1 changes its motif preferences during cell differentiation [19], serving as an example of TFs having multiple preferred motif sequences [20] while maintaining a regulatory function.
Both computational and experimental approaches have provided valuable insight into the regulatory portion of the genome, but they have limitations. Computational methods are biased toward well-annotated and evolutionarily conserved genomic regions, indeed comparative analyses based on evolutionary conservation alone ignore species-specific functional elements. Experimental approaches based on direct genome wide measurements of TFos are a powerful resource for the identification and analysis of TF binding sites. However, the number of cell types and TFs assessed so far has often been limited.
With some studies pointing at conservation, others at divergence, and others yet at turnover of motifs and the importance of occupancy, the level of constraint on the CRMs is still an open question. This apparently contradicting evidence can be reconciled by considering conservation as specific to the TF or the cell type.
In this study, we combined several types of function-associated datasets from a large number of TFs from a wide variety of tissues and cell lines in both mouse and human. Our main data source is ChIP-Seq experiments performed by the mouse and human ENCODE projects. These data give evidence on the locations where TF have come close enough to the DNA to cross-link in cells. The question remains whether these locations, termed TFos [13], could represent direct binding to a specific motif in the DNA or co-association with another TF. However, there is evidence that the TFos are active in assays for regulatory function at a far higher rate than non-occupied DNA segments, or DNA segments predicted as regulatory based on sequence motifs or conservation making them likely to have regulatory function. We also used DNase I Hypersensitive Sites (DHS) generated by the Human [21] and the Mouse ENCODE [22] projects. DHS regions are markers of regulatory DNA and have underpinned the discovery of all classes of cis-regulatory elements including enhancers, promoters, insulators, silencers and locus control regions. We conduced a comparative analysis, by integrating TFos with human-mouse WGA, gene annotations, and TF-gene associations. We have also compiled the data and annotations derived from this study into a database to serve as a resource in exploring the relationship between sequence evolution and function of regulatory elements (Additional file 1: Figure S1).
An alignment based map for human-mouse TFos
Differences between present day genomes are the result of a series of evolutionary events originating on their most recent common ancestor [23]. Many of these events can be explained under probability models and represented in the form of WGA (See [24] for a review). Sequence that has undergone a moderate number of evolutionary events will appear aligned, while highly divergent regions will usually be left un-aligned.
We used WGA to obtain a consistent map for TFos across human and mouse (Figure 1(A)). These alignments provide long, inferred homologous regions in the form of chains of gapless blocks. They can account for inversions, translocations, duplications, large-scale deletions, and overlapping independent deletions. We considered chained blastz [25] alignments available from the UCSC browser [26] and the 12-way mammalian WGA from the EPO pipeline [27] available from Ensembl version 65 [28]. To choose the most appropriate alignment for our mappings we used several criteria: symmetry, coverage, feature enrichment, and other method specific properties.
We built a one to one map between the human and mouse genomes from their WGA. (A) The track diagram shows TFos (unfilled features on outer tracks) and how they map to the other species (middle track). The thick part of the middle track is the mappable DNA. The features on the middle track can be mapped on the other species and are: SeqCons if not overlapping features from the other species (respective color), or FuncCons or FunctActive otherwise (green). The Venn diagrams use the same color code to show the amount (rounded to the closest Mb) of mappable material from one species to the other for DNA sequence, TFos, and DHS. For example, human TFos cover 121 Mb of the human genome. When mapped to mouse, these TFos cover 83 Mb of the mouse genome and 12 Mb of the sequence covered also by mouse TFos. The diagram for DHS is labeled in a similar fashion. (B) The distribution of mappable TFos nucleotides across cell types. The box-plot for each cell type summarizes the distribution of values for the fraction of nucleotides covered by TFos that can be mapped on the other species.
Symmetry is important for unambiguously mapping features from one genome to the other and back. The EPO based map is inherently symmetric; we only need to extract human-mouse alignments. We remove segmental duplications based on criteria such as the score or the length of the alignment to obtain an unambiguous map. UCSC alignments, on the other hand, are based on blastz pairwise alignments, which are not symmetric – a human-mouse alignment is different from a mouse-human alignment in general. However, it is possible to circumvent the problem by using a netting procedure and chaining again only the first layer in the resulting net. This corresponds to heuristically cleaning overlapping chains based on their score. The resulting reciprocal map is identical to the one derived from the mouse-human alignments at the cost of losing around 10% sequence coverage on both species [29].
UCSC alignments align a slightly larger fraction of the mouse genome (31% vs. 28% for UCSC and EPO respectively) to human. However, EPO alignments can assign a substantially higher amount of inserted mouse sequence (28% vs. 1.9%). In total 65.7% of the mouse genome remains unmapped by UCSC alignments and 42.5% by EPO alignments.
Next, we computed the number of features that each alignment could map on the other species for all available cell types in human and mouse. We found that UCSC alignments mapped more features on the other species (Additional file 1: Figure S2 and Tables S4-S6).
Based on the above considerations, we adopted the reciprocal UCSC alignments. The alignments and the comparative pipeline described here were adopted by the Mouse Encode Consortium for the cross-species mapping of TFos.
Function and sequence conservation of TFos
We processed TFos generated by ChIP-Seq for 206 human and 55 mouse cell lines and tissues [22], with a variable number of factors for each cell or tissue (from 1 to 109 for human and from 1 to 38 for mouse). The data were generated by the Human and the Mouse ENCODE projects. The ChIP-Seq experiments on mouse were conducted following the human ENCODE guidelines [30]. Data processing, including Irreproducible Discovery Rate (IDR) analysis, was done using a uniform data processing pipeline for both datasets.
Elements recovered by the ChIP-Seq experiments and the subsequent peak-calling pipeline were subjected to thresholds for False Discovery Rate at 1% and IDR at 2%. We then filtered these sets to retain only those TFos showing DHS enrichment, thereby increasing our confidence in the functional role of the filtered elements. Roughly 41.63% of ChIP-Seq peaks were filtered out from each species by DHS filtering. The resulting data contained 5330864 and 727680 elements covering 121.08 Mb and 31.6 Mb of the genome for human and mouse respectively (Additional file 1: Table S3). The higher human coverage is due to the larger number of assays available in human.
We asked whether the selected putative regulatory material is significantly conserved. At the sequence level, we find that the fraction of TFos intersecting homologous regions is higher than one would expect by chance (Binomial test 0.99% CI: (0.7218, 0.7228) and 0.99% CI: (0.6908, 0.6936) with expected values of 0.3129 and 0.3648 for human and mouse respectively). At the TF-binding activity level (i.e., having TF occupancy by any TF), mapped human and mouse TFos overlapped TFos on the other species more often than expected by chance (Binomial test 0.99% CI: (0.5358, 0.5371) and 0.99% CI: (0.7883, 0.7913) with expected values 0.0231 and 0.0857 for human and mouse respectively). Significant conservation at the TF-binding activity level continues to hold largely for individual TFs-cell pairs (Additional file 1: Figures S3-S4). These results indicate that most of these human and mouse regulatory regions have been under selective pressure both at the sequence and functional level.
Despite the selective pressure on the TFos, the data suggest extensive evolution of the regulatory material between human and mouse. On average 74.2% and 74.9% of TFos can be mapped on the other species resulting in a 36.1% and 31.4% of regulatory sequence coverage that is lineage-specific for human and mouse respectively (Figure 1(B) and Additional file 1: S5-S12). Importantly, we found that the extent to which the remaining regulatory material is conserved varies substantially between species and among cell types and TFs. The variability fits with previous studies on smaller numbers of TFs and cell types, which have emphasized both, conservation of TFos [31] and extensive regulatory sequence evolution [32].
Binding signal differences between functionally and sequence conserved TFos
We focus our TFos comparative analysis on two Tier 1 ENCODE cell lines and their mouse analogs as chosen by the Mouse ENCODE consortium. The data consist of 17 TFs from human chronic myelogenous leukemia cell line (K562, [33]) and mouse erythroleukemia cell line (MEL, [34]); and 15 TFs from lymphoblast cell lines (GM12878 vs. CH12) (Additional file 1: Table S2). In total we have thus selected 442527 and 215251 TFos covering 33.61 Mb and 18.77 Mb on human and mouse respectively. We mapped TFos of a species to homologous locations in the other and asked what function do those sites show.
The homologous site of a TFos can be: (i) not occupied by TFs, in which case we call the TFos SeqCons; (ii) repurposed, thus active in another cell or bound by another factor in the same cell type, in which case we call the TFos FunctActive; or (iii) bound by the same factor on the same cell type, in which case the TFos is called FunctCons. SeqCons and FunctActive elements represent differences in human and mouse TF binding patterns due to TFos loss, gain, or both. Turnover occurs in the case of loss and gain of the same TFos at different, but nearby, positions. However, more complex differences can arise when the loss of one TFos is followed by compensatory gains of TFos of other TFs. For the pairs of analogous cell types in human and mouse, the largest proportion of TFos (considered together) are FunctActive, while the relative proportions of FunctCons and SeqCons vary between cell types and species (Figure 2(A)).
Conservation and re-use of TFos. (A) The distribution of SeqCons, FunctActive, and FunctCons regulatory elements summarized for all human mouse analogous cell lines (Additional file 1: Table S2). In both cell lines, a small fraction of mappable regulatory elements is FunctCons (33% and 15% cell average for human and mouse respectively). A larger fraction (46% and 50% cell average for human and mouse respectively) is FunctActive (plots for each cell are in Additional file 1: Figures S15, S16). (B) Loss and gain of TF binding sites. We used TFos in our data to discover TF binding sites (TFBS) on both species. We mapped human (respectively mouse) TFBS to mouse (respectively human) and computed their distance to the closest mouse (respectively human) TFBS of the same TF on an analogous cell. Among these TFBS those with a positive distance but less than 150 bp contribute to the corresponding bar in the human (respectively mouse) subplot. In other words, each bar is the count of TFBS that were lost and gained within a 150 bp window of the original site. (C) Reuse of FunctActive TFos between different cells and factors. A point on the scatterplot indicates the number of TFos of the corresponding assay in the reference species that can be classified as FunctCons or FunctActive when considering a fixed size set of randomly chosen assays in the comparison species. We performed multiple computations for each chosen size of such sets. Lines indicate the accumulated number of FunctCons, FunctActive, and Seqcons TFos. In this figure, about 93% of the (Mel, Max) assay is covered by TFos from just 35% of the query assays (plots for other cells/TFs in Additional file 1: Figures S17, S18).
Conservation of occupancy in the other species was associated with peak signal strength for several cell type-TF pairs. For example, binding signal on FunctCons or FunctActive elements was higher than that on SeqCons elements for 59% and 50% of cell type-TF combinations for human and mouse respectively (with a Bonferroni-corrected error rate of 1%; Additional file 1: Figures S13, S14). Overall, FunctCons peak signal is on average 1.3 and 1.9 times larger than SeqCons peak signal on human and mouse respectively (Additional file 1: Table S1).
TF binding site turnover and TFos repurposing
If SeqCons and FunctActive elements are the result of turnover of TF binding sites (TFBS) in human and mouse, then we should observe TFBS close to regions orthologous to TFBS on the other species. We discovered TFBS using motif discovery and motif matching on TFos for both species and analyzed their alignment. We found that for several TFs, SeqCons TFBS map within 150 bp of a TFBS on the other species. On average, 51% and 48% of SeqCons TFBS have been subject to turnover in a 150 bp neighborhood for human and mouse respectively (Figure 2(B)).
The large number of FunctActive elements (Figures 2(A) and Additional file 1: S15, S16) suggests recycling of TFos among cells and TFs. We examined this more carefully with a novel approach, based on the intuition that extensive recycling would allow any set of TFos in a comparison species to identify the occurrence of specific TFos in the reference species (after cross-species mapping). To conduct this analysis, we sampled (multiple times) mapped TFos from k assays from the comparison species, took the union of these TFos, and computed the number of TFos a given assay (in the reference species) shares with this union. The results strongly support extensive recycling of TFos. Specifically, we find that about 93% of the (Mel, Max) assay is covered by TFos from just 35% of the query assays. As k increases, coverage saturates (Figures 2(C) and Additional file 1: S17, S18). This ability of different assays in the comparison species to capture TFos in the reference species is substantially different than what is obtained by simulating non-associated assays (Additional file 1: Figure S19).
We tested the hypothesis that new TFos tend to arise over existing TFos – active in other cells or occupied by other factors. Under the null hypothesis, the fraction of FunctActive elements with respect to the non-FunctCons elements should not be significantly higher than the fraction of the genome that can turn into a FunctActive TFos, should a new TFos occur (See Methods for details). We found that fraction to be higher than expected (One sided Binomial test 99% CI: (0.377, 1.000) and (0.477, 1.000) with expected values 0.010 and 0.028 for human and mouse respectively), suggesting that existing CRMs are sites where new TFBS are likely to arise.
Turnover events or the appearance of novel TFBS lead to compositional changes in CRMs. However, these changes do not always reflect downstream in, for example, the set of target genes. Following [35] we extracted a set of TSS-enhancer connections based on synchronized DHS activity during the transcription of a gene. Restricting on 15,736 human-mouse orthologous genes [22], we were thus able to define putative target genes for 1928211 and 204758 TFos for human and mouse respectively. We observe that, similarly to FunctCons TFos, about 39% and 43% of FunctActive TFos retained at least one putative target gene for human and mouse respectively. Furthermore, the amount at which the set of target genes is conserved across species is not significantly different between the two classes of TFos (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. p-values: < 2.2e-16 and < 2.2e-16 for human and mouse respectively). The example of the candidate enhancer linked to the ACAP3 gene in human illustrates this situation (Figure 3). The DNA segment in mouse that is orthologous to the human enhancer has been repurposed such that it binds different TFs, but the mouse Acap3 gene is still the presumptive target.
Conservation of presumptive gene targets for a repurposed TFos. We combined cross-species gene-gene and TFos-TFos associations and gene-TFos associations to determine whether the sets of target genes of FunctCons and FunctActive TFos differ significantly. Gene-gene association data are based on a set of orthologous genes between human and mouse produced by the mouse ENCODE consortium, gene-TFos data are based on synchronized DHS activity during gene transcription [35], and TFos-TFos associations are based on our cross-species map. In the figure, we show a human TFos of Mxi on K562 (empty oval) associated with PUSL1 and ACAP3. This TFos is FunctActive, since its analogous location (broken oval linked by the dashed line with spaces between ovals indicating insertions in mouse) in mouse is bound by other TFs on other cell types (not shown). However, its analogous site in mouse is linked to gene Acap3. Incidentally, ACAP3 and Acap3 are orthologous and in our gene-gene association set. The human TFos and its analogous site in mouse bind different TFs and are active in different cell types, but they share a target gene.
We reported on the construction and use of a map of functional elements between human and mouse based on WGA. This map is consistent and symmetrical in that it provides a one to one correspondence between genome elements in both directions. Furthermore, it constitutes an improvement over aligning TFos directly on the other species guided by gene orthology; this approach is likely to deteriorate with the distance of an element from the nearest gene with an ortholog on the other species.
Using this mapping approach, we were able to recover, on average, 75% and 73% of TFos in the other species, of which 63% and 78% are bound by any TFs and 13% and 25% by the same TF for human and mouse respectively. The rest of the regulatory material is species-specific either at the sequence or functional level and is likely to account for the phenotypic differences between human and mouse [8,12]. However, some of the species-specific material retains target genes suggesting that CRMs buffer changes toward downstream regulation [36].
One potential difficulty, which affects this analysis, is the variation that can be introduced by technical factors such as signal thresholding or by differences in the environment of the cells being compared. By using data processed for reproducibility under the stringent standards developed by the Human and Mouse ENCODE projects, restricting to regions overlapping DHS for greater confidence, considering the TF activity on analogous cell types, and employing statistical controls we hope to have ameliorated these issues.
Previous studies have mapped the binding patterns of TFs between species, including mouse and human, by focusing on a single cell type and a few TFs (e.g., [32]). While these important studies have revealed substantial divergence in the binding patterns of TFs between species, they do not explore FunctActive elements or related dynamics such as repurposing. One important conclusion in our study is that the evolution of regulatory sequences varies considerably among TFs and cell types, and furthermore we document which TFos fall into the various evolutionary categories.
The traffic between noncoding functional and nonfunctional DNA in a genome is two-way. On the one hand, loss of a TFos can increase fitness, as dramatically illustrated by changes in the regulation of pitx1 in three-spined stickleback that lead to advantageous anatomical changes in a new environment. On the other hand, new functional noncoding sequence can arise from nonfunctional sequence through turnover [37]. The differences between the sizes of FunctActive and FunctCons pools suggests another source of functional noncoding material traffic, characterized by the exaptation of TFos into functional noncoding material with novel TF or cell type activity [38]. With a partial catalog of regulatory elements it is hard to distinguish the newly created functional material from the exapted one. However with ever-increasing numbers of experimental assays the picture should become more clear.
Despite previous elegant studies, the level of constraint on CRMs remains controversial. We provide further evidence that TFos are more conserved than random sequence and that conservation is cell and TF specific. Furthermore, we study the type of conservation of TFos and observe that 47.67% and 57.01% of TFos conserved at the sequence level for human and mouse respectively have been repurposed and are active in cell types or bind different TFs. We show how this sequence makes a case for TFos exaptation into new function. Finally, we find that repurposing does not necessarily lead to changes in the TFos – target gene association.
Comparative studies of CRMs involve a mapping strategy of regulatory elements, often by aligning elements or reads on both genomes, possibly guiding mapping with gene homologies. We implemented a multiple WGA based process for TFos mapping. Using multiple WGA we should have a more sensitive and consistent mapping process. Importantly, the mapper can provide one-to-one mappings between species, which is very useful during analysis.
ChIP-Seq data
We download all of the ChIP-Seq data generated by the Human and the Mouse ENCODE from the ENCODE DCC. The pipeline that filters the original ENCODE peaks is available in the supplementary material.
Distal DHS-to-promoter connections
As described in [35] many cell-selective enhancers become DHSs synchronously with the appearance of hypersensitivity at the promoter of their target gene. This has been used to infer a genome-wide DHS/enhancer-promoter connection set. Using a conservative list of orthologous genes [22] we inferred a list of correspondences between TFos regulating human-mouse orthologous genes.
EPO and UCSC based maps
We considered the EPO 12-way mammalian whole genome alignments from Ensembl project version 65 [28] and the UCSC human mouse chain and net alignments from the UCSC [26] genome browser to generate the reciprocal maps. Details and programs for processing of the alignments are available at https://bitbucket.org/bxlab/mapper_comparisons.
Mapping strategy
We built and used a one-to-one nucleotide mapper (bnMapper) to map elements between human and mouse. The mapping is bijective, so reverse application of the mapping to a mapped nucleotide, returns the original nucleotide. Elements that span matching blocks of different chains and elements that map to multiple chromosomes are filtered out. The mapper and a detailed analysis of performance between EPO and UCSC alignments are available at https://bitbucket.org/bxlab/mapper_comparisons. Details on the mapping strategy are on Section 1.1 of the Additional file 1.
Significance tests
For a given genomic region of coverage C, the number of n randomly positioned features over the genome (length L) would follow a Binomial (n, C/L). For significance of TF conservation at the sequence level we set L, C, and n, to be the length of the genome, total TF coverage, and total number of peaks. A success event is an overlap of 1 bp with the one to one mappable sequence. Similarly, for functional conservation, L, C, and n, are set to total one to one mappable sequence, coverage of mapped peaks, and number of mapped peaks overlapping with peaks on the target genome, respectively.
For the paired Wilcoxon tests we consider all TFs within a cell line that appear on both species. Ranks are computed from FunctCons to SeqCons ratios of corresponding TFs on each species.
To test that a new TFos is more likely to occur in an existing TFos, possibly occupied by another TFs or active in another cell, consider the following quantities with respect to a fixed genome:
The number of non-FunctCons TFos in this genome not less than the number of new TFos in this genome. The inequality accounts for TFos deletions on the other genome. We write nFCo > = nFCt.
Coverage of SeqCons of the other genome after being mapped in this genome and FA elements in this genome not less than regions in this genome that would become FA should a new TFos occur. The inequality accounts for those regions that would become FunctCons should a new TFos appear. We write Mo > = Mt.
Length of this genome. We write L.
The number of FunctActive Tfos in this genome. We write FA.
Here we are making the assumption that FunctCons elements have existed before human-mouse split and FunctActive are a result of a deletion or creation (or both) after the human-mouse split. Thus, the fraction FA/nFCt is that of new elements that occurred in existing TFos involving other TFs or cell types, whether the fraction Mt/L indicates the chance of a new TFos to become FunctActive should it occur randomly in the genome. Under the alternative hypothesis, FA/nFCt > Mt/L. However, because Mt/L < = Mo/L and FA/nFCo < = FA/nFCt, it suffices to show that FA/nFCo > = Mo/L. Notice that we observe all the quantities in the last expression.
UCSC alignments can be downloaded from the UCSC website http://hgdownload.soe.ucsc.edu/goldenPath/hg19/vsMm9/.
UCSC bijective (netted) alignments, the list of one-to-one orthologous genes, the list of DHS-gene associations, and the list of Mouse ChIP-Seq TFos and DHSs can be downloaded from the Mouse ENCODE web portal http://mouse.encodedcc.org/data and http://www.mouseencode.org/.
The mapping software can be freely downloaded as part of the bx-python software library from https://bitbucket.org/james_taylor/bx-python/wiki/Home.
Ensembl EPO 12-way alignments version 65 can be downloaded from the Ensembl (December 2011) at ftp://ftp.ensembl.org/pub/release-65/emf/ensembl-compara/epo_12_eutherian/ and http://www.ebi.ac.uk/~kbeal/species_mapper/epo_547_hs_mm_12way_mammals_65.out.gz.
The human ChIP-Seq TFos and DHSs can be downloaded from the Human ENCODE website at http://genome.ucsc.edu/ENCODE/.
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Thanks to members of the Taylor and Hardison labs and the Mouse ENCODE consortium for their input and discussion. This project was supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health to RCH and JT, specifically American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) funds through grant number RC2 HG005573 from the National Human Genome Research Institute, and grants with numbers R01 DK065806 and R56 DK065806 from the National Institute for Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases. This work was also supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant number 095908) and the European Molecular Biology Laboratory. The funding body had no role in the design of the experiment, in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
Olgert Denas & James Taylor
Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Mudd Hall 144, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Yong Cheng
Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
Richard Sandstrom
The Genome Analysis Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Norwich, PA, 16802, USA
Ross C Hardison
European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL-EBI), Norwich, UK
Kathryn Beal
Olgert Denas
Correspondence to James Taylor.
OD wrote the main text, performed the comparative and statistical analysis, and wrote the mapper tool. RS helped designing the mapper, carried out statistical analysis for choosing the best whole genome alignments, prepared the DHS data, and the gene – TFos link data. YC helped on the design of the mapper and performed analyses on the whole genome alignments. KB worked on the design of the mapper and the preparation of the whole genome alignments. JH worked on the design of the mapper and the preparation of the whole genome alignments, helped design the study and write the main text. RC wrote the main text and designed the study – JT wrote the main text, carried out statistical analyses, and designed the study. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Additional file 1:
Supplemental Figures and Tables.
Denas, O., Sandstrom, R., Cheng, Y. et al. Genome-wide comparative analysis reveals human-mouse regulatory landscape and evolution. BMC Genomics 16, 87 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-015-1245-6
Mouse ENCODE
Regulatory sequences


SYRACUSE, N.Y. – Told by her mother that a local family didn't have extra money to buy ice cream and cookies, 7-year-old Helaina Morgan raided her own piggy bank to lend a hand.
The second-grader from Clay, a Syracuse suburb, sent a letter to 3-year-old Essence Fry with $10 enclosed.
"Hi Essence: Here is $10 from me," Helaina wrote in the letter accompanying the money. She told the younger girl she could go to the grocery store and buy whatever she wanted. She added that she likes ice cream and sprinkles.
Essence's mother was the subject of a Syracuse Post-Standard story about working families who use food stamps. Congress is debating whether to cut billions from the program.
Helaina learned of the family's plight when her mother decided to send them a gift card to buy extra groceries.
After Roberta Morgan explained to her daughter that they couldn't just show up at a stranger's house with food, Helaina asked if she could send some of her own money. Morgan suggested $5 but told the newspaper that Helaina insisted on donating $10 from her own piggy bank.
Helaina is the first one to comfort and give a hug to a friend who is hurt or upset, according to her mother.
"My husband, Jim, and I hope that she always stays the thoughtful little girl that she is," Morgan said.


text:
History of Israel • 1h 21m
The story of the United Nations declaration of the division of the State of Israel, which took place between November 29th, 1947 and May 1948.
Director: Eitan Londner
Producers: Riki Shelach, Zvi Shaphra
Starring: Rivka Neumann, Yossi Kantz, Liat Goran, Ohad Shachar, Yamit Sol
Up Next in History of Israel
Hope in the Holy Land
An American Christian with a deep love for Israel sets off on a journey across the Holy Land to confront his indifference toward the Palestinians and to search for the deeper truths behind one of the most perplexing and debated conflicts in the world. Along the way, he discovers the painful strug...
Rescue Bus 300
From the director of "Fauda" comes an intense docu-drama based on the 1984 hijacking of bus line 300 in Israel, in which 41 passengers and a bus driver were attacked and held captive by terrorists.
Year: 201...
Six Day War Project
Get a play-by-play of the incredible Six Day War in 1967, including the ins and outs of Israel's strategy, leadership, and impressive military feats. But more than that, it opens the door to important questions and issues that Israel faced in the aftermath of the war, and still does to this day.


Insurance has become an important aspect of living day to day life. The concept of insurance is basically risk sharing and it is well established in the country giving away a feeling of security. Most of the countries have made medical insurance and life insurance to be compulsory but there are some countries where at least car insurance is compulsory aspect if you own a car. Insurance concept is covering a huge risk which is shared by many. Initially this concept was introduced among the ship owners' years back. The risks that they had been overcoming were huge and it was certain to face the risk on a yearly basis. On a probability the risk can be faced by anyone in the group but when the risk is shared equally between the groups, the money invested for covering the risk would be minimal but if you get to face the risk, you will be covered completely. This concept of covering own risk is not compulsory in India but when it comes to cars and other automobile, the risk is imposed to other vehicles and person also. This is the reason why the government has made it compulsory to cover that part of the risk.
The normal calculation on the charges levied over the cost of the vehicle would be the same but when it comes to the discounts that can be added on to the package, certain insurance companies come forward with a great deal and pricing. Before you choose to go for the insurance, you should be doing a comparison over the policy pricing these companies have to offer. If you do a small research over the pricing in few companies, you will come to know that there can be a better rate taken for the policy that you want to go for.
You will only be able to analyze the difference if you do a small market study over insurance companies and the pricing. You should also know what all they cover under their policy. These are few things that you need to take care of while going for insurance policy. Every year the pricing of the insurance policy goes down in case of vehicle insurance as the depreciation of the vehicle keeps increasing on a yearly basis.
Though you are going to insure your car as it is a compulsory affair, there are two kinds of insurance that you can go for. One is the full cover insurance and the other one is called as third party insurance. Third party insurance is what that covers damages to others and is the important and compulsory aspect of the entire automobile insurance.
As there are two types insurance you have the authority to choose either of them. You can have a full cover automobile insurance which will cover your entire requirement over car insurance. It will cover self risk and risk over others on related to your vehicle too which will include third party insurance also in it. If you don't want to cover your risk, according to the government policy third party insurance is compulsory to have.


As you can see from this picture, Sudeley is a handsome-looking castle with beautiful landscaped gardens and lots of space for running around and letting off steam. It is also steeped in history- especially of interest to fans of the Tudor era as Henry VIII visited with Anne Boleyn, and the castle was also once owned by Henry's sixth wife Katherine Parr, whose tomb can be found in the chapel.
One of the big attractons for visiting children is the adventure playground. Built in the style of a massive wooden castle, it is exciting and absorbing for all age groups. We spent about an hour in the playground, and also made use of the picnic benches there to eat our packed lunches. The playground is sited a short distance from the castle & gardens, so the children can make a noise there without disturbing the other visitors.
Once we persuaded the children that there was more to see, we went exploring around the grounds. The gardens are truly magnificent, with box hedges teased into knot gardens, huge yew tree tunnels, and an abundance of rose bushes and bulbs. The ruins of the banqueting hall form a marvellous backdrop to the formal 'Queens Garden', which has been re-planted on the site of the original garden which would have been walked in by the Tudor Queens.
Having raved enthusiastically about the castle gardens, it is a shame that the actual castle buildings are a bit of a disappointment to the visitor. There is access to just one small part of the interior, which is the former kitchen & stable block. This houses an exhibition about the Tudors, and has wax figures of Henry VIII and his six wives, and information on each of them. It is interesting and well presented, but does not take more than about twenty minutes to look round. On the way out of the main exhibition area there is a display about 'Brock' the badger, who was a childhood pet of the castles present owners. I must admit I found this rather a strange subject for an exhibition in a castle, but perhaps that is just me!!!! The rest of the castle is out- of-bounds to the public , except for special 'Connoisseur Tours' which are only for adults & over 12's, so not really within the remit of this website!!! I personally think it is a shame that so little of the interior is open to the public, especially as the entrance fee is quite high.
Apart from the Exhibitions and award-winning gardens, there is a small chapel housing the tomb of Katherine Parr, which is worth a visit. Poor Katherine was moved around a bit before being finally interred at Sudeley, her one-time home.
From the chapel you can take a walk into the pheasanty- home to all manner of birds. The star of the show was a peacock (we named him Ashley) who was putting on a lovely display of his plumage. Sadly, the peahens were not interested at all, and after a while we wanted to move on, but found it hard to leave poor Ashley on his own with no one to appreciate his feathers. We eventually managed to slip away and strolled past the gatehouse to the Tythe barn- now in ruins but planted up with more lovely gardens. There is a carp pond on one side which is an ideal spot to sit and view the castle across the field.
All in all this was a good day out with lots to see, even if it is mainly the exterior- which is admittedly very beautifully maintained . Our children loved the playarea (of course) and the Tudor exhibition, and we all enjoyed the walks around the grounds. There is a decent cafe with indoor & outdoor seating, and a gift/plant shop at the entrance/exit.


text:
Q: Optimized code for two string compare in if condition I want to do two string compare and used two different if condition. Is there any better way to do string compare in one if condition
if (strcmp(Buff1(), Config1) == 0)
{
    if (strcmp(Buff2, Config2) == 0)
    {
      // my code goes here
    }
}

A: The equivalent code is:
if ((strcmp(Buff1(), Config1) == 0)) &&
    (strcmp(Buff2, Config2) == 0))
{
    // my code goes here
}

Note: The compiler should generate the same machine code for both code samples. The difference is cosmetic and primarily aimed at the reader of the code.
You do get a difference when you add else clauses:
if (strcmp(Buff1(), Config1) == 0)
{
    if (strcmp(Buff2, Config2) == 0)
    {
      // my code goes here
    }
    else
    {
        // else 1
    }
}
else
{
    // else 2
}

Compared to:
if ((strcmp(Buff1(), Config1) == 0)) &&
    (strcmp(Buff2, Config2) == 0))
{
    // my code goes here
}
else
{
    // Single else clause
}

A: In addition to Klas's answer(just in case you're not familiar with the AND operator) - the AND operator ('&&') checks the first condition and it continues to check the second condition -only if- the first condition is true.
So in your specific question, it checks if the first couple of strings are equal and only if true (are equal), it checks if the second couple are also equal.

A: The obvious optimization (not mentioned yet), if you know anything about those strings, is to first perform the compare that is more likely to fail.


Welcome. Golf Hammock is located in Sebring, Florida, home to the famed, "12 Hours of Sebring" auto race and only approximately 90 minutes southwest of Disney World, Sea World, Universal Studios and the beaches of both the East and West Coast.
Before the Golf Hammock community was developed, Thomas Wohl had envisioned this area with several bridle paths. One day in discussing the terrain with a friend, it was thought this area for bridle paths would be a wonderful golf course. Consequently, the course was developed and designed by well known golf architect, Ron Garl, as a result the 18 -hole, Par 72 course development and under the leadership of "Tommy" Wohl, and the management of Jimmy Wohl, with a community of approximately 770 living units.


text:
Gordon Banks - 73 Caps (0 Goals)
Full Name: Gordon Banks
Born: 30th December 1937, Abbeydale, Sheffield
Died: 12th February 2019, Stoke-on-Trent aged 81
Positions whilst with England: Goalkeeper
Clubs (and caps) whilst with England: Leicester City (36) & Stoke City (37)
1966 World Cup Winner.
Last Cap: v Scotland (HC) on 27th May 1972 aged 34 years, 4 months, 28 days
Starts: 73
Full Games: 73
Nations' Cup (Taça das Nações)BJT
World Cup FinalsWCF
European Championship QualifierECQ
European Championship FinalsECF
Alan Ball
Martin Peters
Geoff Hurst
Roger Hunt
Nobby Stiles
223 sources from 73 matchesSelect from match list to see sources.
SCO, 1 - 0, 27th May 1972 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 73.
WAL, 3 - 0, 20th May 1972 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 72.
Age: 34 years, 4 months, 21 day.
FRG, 0 - 0, 13th May 1972 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 71.
FRG, 1 - 3, 29th Apr 1972 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 70.
GRE, 2 - 0, 1st Dec 1971 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 69.
Age: 33 years, 11 month, 2 days.
SUI, 3 - 2, 13th Oct 1971 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 68.
SCO, 3 - 1, 22nd May 1971 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 67.
NIR, 1 - 0, 15th May 1971 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 66.
MLT, 5 - 0, 12th May 1971 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 65.
GRE, 3 - 0, 21st Apr 1971 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 64.
MLT, 1 - 0, 3rd Feb 1971 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 63.
Age: 33 years, 1 month, 3 days.
TCH, 1 - 0, 11th Jun 1970 (WCF) Stoke City, Cap: 62.
BRA, 0 - 1, 7th Jun 1970 (WCF) Stoke City, Cap: 61.
ROU, 1 - 0, 2nd Jun 1970 (WCF) Stoke City, Cap: 60.
ECU, 2 - 0, 24th May 1970 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 59.
COL, 4 - 0, 20th May 1970 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 58.
SCO, 0 - 0, 25th Apr 1970 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 57.
NIR, 3 - 1, 21st Apr 1970 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 56.
WAL, 1 - 1, 18th Apr 1970 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 55.
BEL, 3 - 1, 25th Feb 1970 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 54.
Age: 32 years, 1 month, 25 days.
NED, 0 - 0, 14th Jan 1970 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 53.
BRA, 1 - 2, 12th Jun 1969 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 52.
URU, 2 - 1, 8th Jun 1969 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 51.
NIR, 3 - 1, 3rd May 1969 (HC) Stoke City, Cap: 49.
FRA, 5 - 0, 12th Mar 1969 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 48.
ROU, 1 - 1, 15th Jan 1969 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 47.
ROU, 0 - 0, 6th Nov 1968 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 46.
URS, 2 - 0, 8th Jun 1968 (ECF) Stoke City, Cap: 45.
YUG, 0 - 1, 5th Jun 1968 (ECF) Stoke City, Cap: 44.
FRG, 0 - 1, 1st Jun 1968 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 43.
ESP, 1 - 0, 3rd Apr 1968 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 42.
SCO, 1 - 1, 24th Feb 1968 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 41.
URS, 2 - 2, 6th Dec 1967 (FR) Stoke City, Cap: 40.
NIR, 2 - 0, 22nd Nov 1967 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 39.
Age: 29 years, 10 months, 23 days.
WAL, 3 - 0, 21st Oct 1967 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 38.
SCO, 2 - 3, 15th Apr 1967 (ECQ) Stoke City, Cap: 37.
WAL, 5 - 1, 16th Nov 1966 (ECQ) Leicester City, Cap: 36.
TCH, 0 - 0, 2nd Nov 1966 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 35.
NIR, 2 - 0, 20th Oct 1966 (ECQ) Leicester City, Cap: 34.
FRG, 4 - 2, 30th Jul 1966 (WCF) Leicester City, Cap: 33.
POR, 2 - 1, 26th Jul 1966 (WCF) Leicester City, Cap: 32.
ARG, 1 - 0, 23rd Jul 1966 (WCF) Leicester City, Cap: 31.
FRA, 2 - 0, 20th Jul 1966 (WCF) Leicester City, Cap: 30.
MEX, 2 - 0, 16th Jul 1966 (WCF) Leicester City, Cap: 29.
URU, 0 - 0, 11th Jul 1966 (WCF) Leicester City, Cap: 28.
POL, 1 - 0, 5th Jul 1966 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 27.
FIN, 3 - 0, 26th Jun 1966 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 26.
YUG, 2 - 0, 4th May 1966 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 25.
SCO, 4 - 3, 2nd Apr 1966 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 24.
FRG, 1 - 0, 23rd Feb 1966 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 23.
POL, 1 - 1, 5th Jan 1966 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 22.
ESP, 2 - 0, 8th Dec 1965 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 21.
NIR, 2 - 1, 10th Nov 1965 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 20.
Age: 27 years, 10 months, 11 day.
SWE, 2 - 1, 16th May 1965 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 19.
FRG, 1 - 0, 12th May 1965 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 18.
HUN, 1 - 0, 5th May 1965 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 16.
SCO, 2 - 2, 10th Apr 1965 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 15.
NIR, 4 - 3, 3rd Oct 1964 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 14.
ARG, 0 - 1, 6th Jun 1964 (BJT) Leicester City, Cap: 13.
POR, 1 - 1, 4th Jun 1964 (BJT) Leicester City, Cap: 12.
USA, 10 - 0, 27th May 1964 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 11.
POR, 4 - 3, 17th May 1964 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 10.
URU, 2 - 1, 6th May 1964 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 9.
SCO, 0 - 1, 11th Apr 1964 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 8.
NIR, 8 - 3, 20th Nov 1963 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 7.
FIFA, 2 - 1, 23rd Oct 1963 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 6.
WAL, 4 - 0, 12th Oct 1963 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 5.
GDR, 2 - 1, 2nd Jun 1963 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 4.
TCH, 4 - 2, 29th May 1963 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 3.
BRA, 1 - 1, 8th May 1963 (FR) Leicester City, Cap: 2.
SCO, 1 - 2, 6th Apr 1963 (HC) Leicester City, Cap: 1.